CINXE.COM

The Engineering ToolBox

<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" > <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="static/css/www_1768595241320433331.css" > <title>The Engineering ToolBox</title> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context":"https://schema.org", "@type":"Article", "headline":"The Engineering ToolBox", "abstract":"Free tools and information for engineering and design of technical applications.", "url":"https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/index.html", "image":["http://localhost:8080/static/img/logo.jpg"], "datePublished":"2009-11-25T02:15:03Z", "dateModified":"2024-03-07T09:34:09Z", "author":[{ "@type":"Person", "name":"Editor Engineeringtoolbox", "url": "https://engineeringtoolbox.com" }] } </script> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com" > <link rel="preconnect" href="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com" > <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fundingchoicesmessages.google.com" > <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cse.google.com" > <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com" > <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net" > <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://clients1.google.com" > <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" > <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"> </script> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow" > <meta name="apple-touch-fullscreen" content="YES" > <meta name="viewport" content="user-scalable=yes, width=device-width, initial-scale=1" > <meta name="keywords" content="resources tools information engineering design technical applications " > <meta name="description" content="Free tools and information for engineering and design of technical applications." > <!-- Free tools and information for engineering and design of technical applications. --> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" type="text/css" href="static/lib/img/apple-touch-icon.png" > <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="static/img/favicon.ico" > <script src="static/scripts/sgmlRender_93543702166710713.js" defer="defer"> </script> <script src="static/scripts/www_2004325036753648097.js" defer="defer"> </script> <link rel="amphtml" href="https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/amp/" > <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/" > <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WH8MKZX');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3176996020956223" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script async src="https://fundingchoicesmessages.google.com/i/pub-3176996020956223?ers=1" nonce="kUwMyhBaatnOdZ-JwpEGCA"></script><script nonce="kUwMyhBaatnOdZ-JwpEGCA">(function() {function signalGooglefcPresent() {if (!window.frames['googlefcPresent']) {if (document.body) {const iframe = document.createElement('iframe'); iframe.style = 'width: 0; height: 0; border: none; z-index: -1000; left: -1000px; top: -1000px;'; iframe.style.display = 'none'; iframe.name = 'googlefcPresent'; document.body.appendChild(iframe);} else {setTimeout(signalGooglefcPresent, 0);}}}signalGooglefcPresent();})();</script> <script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript"> window.snigelPubConf = { "adengine": { "activeAdUnits": ["adhesive", "left1", "right", "top", "top2", "video", "incontent1", "incontent2"] } } </script> <script async data-cfasync="false" src="https://cdn.snigelweb.com/adengine/engineeringtoolbox.com/loader.js" type="text/javascript"></script> </head> <body> <div id="top"> <div id="logo"> <a href="https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com"> <img src="static/img/logo.jpg" width="350" height="60" alt="Engineering ToolBox" > </a> </div> <p id="intro" class="smallHide"> <a href="https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com"> Engineering ToolBox </a> - Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications!</p> <div id="adVideo" class="noPrint"> <div> <!-- adngin-video-0 --> <div id="adngin-video-0"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="center"> <div id="gooSearch"> <script async src="https://cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=6a091aba9f3e1fba3"></script> <div class="gcse-searchbox-only"></div> </div> <div id="content"> <div> <h1> <a href="/"> The Engineering ToolBox </a> </h1> <h2> Free tools and information for engineering and design of technical applications. </h2> <div id="adSlotTop1" class="noPrint"> <div> <!-- adngin-top-0 --> <div id="adngin-top-0"></div> </div> </div> <h3> <a href="water-density-specific-weight-d_595.html" title="water density densities specific weight temperature thermal expansion coefficient"> Water - Density, Specific Weight and Thermal Expansion Coefficients </a> </h3> <p> Definitions, online calculator and figures and tables with water properties like density, specific weight and thermal expansion coefficient of liquid water at temperatures ranging 0 to 360掳C (32 to 680掳F). </p> <h3> <a href="steel-pipe-expansion-loop-d_1069.html" title="steel pipes temperature expansion loop capacity length"> Steel Pipes - Thermal Expansion Loops </a> </h3> <p> Calculating and sizing steel pipe thermal expansion loops. </p> <h3> <a href="air-properties-d_156.html" title="air properties temperature viscosity"> Air - Thermophysical Properties </a> </h3> <p> Thermal properties of air at different temperatures - density, viscosity, critical temperature and pressure, triple point, enthalpi and entropi, thermal conductivity and diffusivity and more. </p> <h3> <a href="american-wide-flange-steel-beams-d_1319.html" title="american wide flange beams steel"> W-Beams - American Wide Flange Beams </a> </h3> <p> Dimensions of American Wide Flange Beams ASTM A6 (or W-Beams) - Imperial units. </p> <h3> <a href="linear-expansion-coefficients-d_95.html" title="linear temperature expansion coefficients"> Thermal Expansion - Linear Expansion Coefficients </a> </h3> <p> Linear temperature expansion coefficients for common materials like aluminum, copper, glass, iron and many more. </p> <h3> <a href="hot-air-balloon-lifting-force-d_562.html" title="hot air balloon lifting force "> Hot Air Balloons - Calculate the Lifting Force </a> </h3> <p> Calculate hot air ballon lifting force. </p> <h3> <a href="poissons-ratio-d_1224.html" title="poissons ratio stress strain stretch"> Poisson's Ratio </a> </h3> <p> When a material is stretched in one direction it tends to get thinner in the other two directions. </p> <h3> <a href="psychrometric-chart-d_816.html" title="psychrometric chart air moisture relative humidity wet bulb dry temperature"> Air - Psychrometric Chart for Standard Atmospheric Conditions - Imperial Units </a> </h3> <p> Psychrometric chart for air at barometric pressure 29.921 inches of Mercury and temperature ranging 20<sup>o</sup>F to 120<sup>o</sup>F. </p> <div id="adSlotTop2" class="noPrint"> <div> <!-- adngin-top2-0 --> <div id="adngin-top2-0"></div> </div> </div> <h3> <a href="water-thermal-properties-d_162.html" title="water properties property thermal density"> Water - Thermophysical Properties </a> </h3> <p> Thermal properties of water at different temperatures like density, freezing temperature, boiling temperature, latent heat of melting, latent heat of evaporation, critical temperature and more. </p> <h3> <a href="radian-d_942.html" title="radian angle unit 360"> Radians vs. Degrees </a> </h3> <p> Radian is the SI unit of angle. Convert between degrees and radians. Calculate angular velocity. </p> <h3> <a href="miter-saw-angle-protractor-d_810.html" title="miter saw angle protractor"> Miter Saw - Calculate Sawing Angle </a> </h3> <p> Calculate miter saw protractor angles for skirting and decorative mouldings work. </p> <h3> <a href="friction-coefficients-d_778.html" title="friction coefficients"> Friction - Friction Coefficients and Calculator </a> </h3> <p> Friction theory with calculator and friction coefficients for combinations of materials like ice, aluminum, steel, graphite and many more. </p> <h3> <a href="young-modulus-d_417.html" title="tensile elastic young's modulus hook elasticity ultimate yield"> Young's Modulus, Tensile Strength and Yield Strength Values for some Materials </a> </h3> <p> Young's Modulus (or Tensile Modulus alt. Modulus of Elasticity) and Ultimate Tensile Strength and Yield Strength for materials like steel, glass, wood and many more. </p> <h3> <a href="thermal-conductivity-d_429.html" title="thermal conductivity gases"> Solids, Liquids and Gases - Thermal Conductivities </a> </h3> <p> Thermal conductivity coefficients for insulation materials, aluminum, asphalt, brass, copper, steel, gases and more. </p> <h3> <a href="square-cube-root-numbers-d_1700.html" title="square cube root numbers"> Numbers - Square, Cube, Square Root and Cubic Root Calculator </a> </h3> <p> Calculate square, cube, square root and cubic root. Values tabulated for numbers ranging 1 to 100. </p> <h3> <a href="dynamic-absolute-kinematic-viscosity-d_412.html" title="dynamic absolute kinematic viscosity centipoises centistokes"> Viscosity - Absolute (Dynamic) vs. Kinematic </a> </h3> <p> Vicosity is a fluid's resistance to flow and can be valued as dynamic (absolute) or kinematic. </p> <div id="adInContent1" class="noPrint"> <div> <!-- adngin-incontent1-0 --> <div id="adngin-incontent1-0"></div> </div> </div> <h3> <a href="awg-wire-gauge-d_731.html" title="wire gauge amg mm cross sectional area"> AWG - American Wire Gauge Converting Chart </a> </h3> <p> American Wire Gauge (AWG) vs. cross sectional area converter. </p> <h3> <a href="density-specific-weight-gravity-d_290.html" title="density specific weight gravity mass slugs pounds "> Density vs. Specific Weight and Specific Gravity </a> </h3> <p> An introduction to density, specific weight and specific gravity. </p> <h3> <a href="hot-water-heating-system-design-application-d_2155.html" title="hot water heating system design application tool"> Hot Water Heating Systems - Online Design Application </a> </h3> <p> Free online design tool for designing hot water heating systems - metric units. </p> <h3> <a href="water-dynamic-kinematic-viscosity-d_596.html" title="water viscosity dynamic kinematic absolute temperature"> Water - Dynamic (Absolute) and Kinematic Viscosity vs. Temperature and Pressure </a> </h3> <p> Free online calculator - figures and tables with viscosity of water at temperatures ranging 0 to 360掳C (32 to 675掳F) - Imperial and SI Units. </p> <h3> <a href="flanges-bolts-dimensions-d_464.html" title="ansi asme flanges bolt circle diameter inches class 150 2500"> Flanges - ASME/ANSI B16.5 Flanges and Bolt Dimensions - Class 150 to 2500 </a> </h3> <p> Diameters and bolt circles for standard ASME B16.5 flanges - 1/4 to 24 inches - Class 150 to 2500. </p> <h3> <a href="inches-mm-conversion-d_751.html" title="inches mm convert units"> Inches vs. mm - Conversion Chart </a> </h3> <p> Convert fractional and/or decimal inches to metric mm - and vice versa. </p> <h3> <a href="wrenches-inches-metric-us-conversion-comparison-d_1607.html" title="wrench inches metric conversion"> Wrench Spanners - Inches vs. mm </a> </h3> <p> Convert between US Inches and metric mm wrench and spanner sizes. </p> <h3> <a href="area-moment-inertia-d_1328.html" title="moment inertia plane area second cross sections"> Area Moment of Inertia - Typical Cross Sections I </a> </h3> <p> Typical cross sections and their Area Moment of Inertia. </p> <div id="adInContent2" class="noPrint"> <div> <!-- adngin-incontent2-0 --> <div id="adngin-incontent2-0"></div> </div> </div> <h3> <a href="dry-air-properties-d_973.html" title="dry air properties specific heat viscosity density diffusivity"> Dry Air - Thermodynamic and Physical Properties </a> </h3> <p> Thermodynamic properties of dry air - specific heat, ratio of specific heats, dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity, Prandtl number, density and kinematic viscosity at temperatures ranging <i>175 - 1900 K</i>. </p> <h3> <a href="car-costs-old-new-d_339.html" title="car costs old new depreciation insurance"> Cars - New vs. Old Car Cost Calculator </a> </h3> <p> Calculate and compare the costs between owning a new vs. an old car. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="acoustics-noise-decibels-t_27.html" title="acoustics decibel noise white machines control transducer audio sound level meters reduction environmental barrier measurement abatement absorbers software"> Acoustics </a> </h3> <p> Room acoustics and acoustic properties. decibel A, B and C calculations. Noise Rating (NR) curves. Sound transmission through walls. Calculate sound pressure, sound intensity and sound attenuation. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="air-psychrometrics-properties-t_8.html" title="air psychrometrics property properties conditioning flow velocity dehumidifier temperature pressure heating relative humidity meter chamber mollier chart diagram humidifier calculator"> Air Psychrometrics </a> </h3> <p> Moist and humid air calculations. Psychrometric charts and Mollier diagrams. Air-condition systems temperatures, absolute and relative humidities and moisture content in air. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="si-units-engineering-t_19.html" title="SI imperial unit converter uscs properties pressure measurement gages"> Basics </a> </h3> <p> Basic engineering data. SI-system, unit converters, physical constants, drawing scales and more. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="combustion-boiler-fuels-t_9.html" title="combustion fuel temperature coal oil alternative flame temperature boiler chimney gas diesel efficiency engine controls additives price furnace butane propane lpg mine automation"> Combustion </a> </h3> <p> Combustion processes and their efficiency. Boiler house and chimney topics. Properties of fuels like oil, gas, coal and wood and more. Safety valves and tanks. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="drawing-tools-t_61.html" title="drawing tools 2D 3D schema diagram P&ID "> Drawing Tools </a> </h3> <p> 2D and 3D engineering drawing tools. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="dynamics-t_60.html" title="dynamics velocity acceleration speed forces torques"> Dynamics </a> </h3> <p> Motion of bodies and the action of forces in producing or changing their motion - velocity and acceleration, forces and torque. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="engineering-economics-t_53.html" title="engineering economics cash flow discount internal rate return calculator net income revenue interest inflation irr profit loan annuity mortage formula"> Economics </a> </h3> <p> Engineering economics - cash flow diagrams, present value, discount rates, internal rates of return - IRR, income taxes, inflation. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="electrical-systems-t_33.html" title="electrical wires current electric gauges chart standard dc ac amps awg cable wiring stepper starters asynchronous motors units ip kva nema iec power single phase enclosures magnet calculator transformers connectors boxes engineers induction"> Electrical </a> </h3> <p> Electrical engineering with units, amps and electrical wiring. Wire gauges, electrical formulas, motors and more. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="environment-climate-meterology-t_13.html" title="environment wind climate meteorology air sun water power carbon dioxide health effects pollution indoor control systems equipment temperature turbines power speed generator force filter ionic ionized freshener"> Environment </a> </h3> <p> Climate, meteorology, solar, wind, emissions and environmental related engineering resources. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="fluid-mechanics-t_21.html" title="fluid mechanics pressure air gas flow meters water mass kinematic dynamic absolute viscosity density water ultrasonic liquid sensors controller measurement regulators vessels tanks dynamics"> Fluid Mechanics </a> </h3> <p> The study of fluids - liquids and gases. Involving velocity, pressure, density and temperature as functions of space and time. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="gas-air-systems-t_22.html" title="compressed gas systems air natural lpg butane propane filters dryers lines piping vessels tanks heat heating grills pressure drop velocity valve regulators gages compressors"> Gases and Compressed Air </a> </h3> <p> Properties of air, LNG, LPG and other common gases. Pipeline capacities and sizing of relief valves. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="hvac-systems-t_23.html" title="hvac system air condition controls treatment central heating residental software cooling ducts filtration warm contractor sizing equipment technician design installation ventilation"> HVAC Systems </a> </h3> <p> Design and sizing of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning systems. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="hydraulic-pneumatic-systems-t_59.html" title="hydraulic pneumatic systems fluids pumps forces"> Hydraulics and Pneumatics </a> </h3> <p> Hydraulic and pneumatic systems - fluids, forces, pumps and pistons. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="insulation-heat-loss-t_4.html" title="insulation heat transfers loss foam thermal heat exchanger rockwool building piping ducts tanks vessels fluid wall fiberglass r value industrial companies plyurethane products furnace"> Insulation </a> </h3> <p> Calculate heat transfer and heat loss from buildings and technical applications. Heat transfer coefficients and insulation methods available for reduction of energy consumption. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="material-properties-t_24.html" title="properties density viscosity temperature mass conductivity thermal water properties specific capacity liquid fluid transfer meter table chart steel"> Material Properties </a> </h3> <p> Properties of gases, fluids and solids. Densities, specific heats, viscosities and more. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="mathematics-t_54.html" title="mathematics equation formula elementary problem"> Mathematics </a> </h3> <p> Mathematical rules and laws - numbers, areas, volumes, exponents, trigonometric functions and more. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="mechanics-t_52.html" title="mechanics force acceleration centripetal air tools"> Mechanics </a> </h3> <p> The relationships between forces, acceleration, displacement, vectors, motion, momentum, energy of objects and more. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="engineering-topics-t_25.html" title="metric imperial si greek alphabet electrical conversion air pressure temperatu"> Miscellaneous </a> </h3> <p> Engineering related topics like Beaufort Wind Scale, CE-marking, drawing standards and more. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="physiology-t_31.html" title="human physiology temperature indoor quality clothing clean air cooling systems conditioner conditioning heating ventilation filters temperature relative humidity chamber pollution sensors control equipment"> Physiology </a> </h3> <p> Human physiology vs. air quality, comfort temperatures, activity and metabolic rates. Health effects of gases adn polutions like carbon monoxide and more. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="piping-tubing-systems-t_6.html" title="piping systems plumbing fittings flange stainless steel bolting ball valves flow control pressure meter check gas air water drop friction chart calculator"> Piping Systems </a> </h3> <p> Calculate dimensions of pipes and tubes. Pressure drop calculations and head loss charts. Use of different piping materials. Insulation of pipes and tubes and heat loss diagrams. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="process-control-systems-t_32.html" title="process control instruments instrumentation systems flow meters diagram chart pi&d switches sensors plc pneumatic hydraulic valve measurement software equipment industrial temperature"> Process Control Systems </a> </h3> <p> Instrumentation, design and documentation of process control systems. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="pumps-t_34.html" title="pumps centrifugal water pressure air chemical well vacuum liquid oil hydraulic sewage submersible bilge fuel "> Pumps </a> </h3> <p> Design of pumping systems and pipelines. With centrifugal pumps, displacement pumps, cavitation, fluid viscosity, head and pressure, power consumption and more. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="sanitary-drainage-systems-t_75.html" title="sanitary drainage systems fixtures pipes "> Sanitary Drainage Systems </a> </h3> <p> The purpose of the sanitary drainage system is to remove effluent discharged from plumbing fixtures and other equipment. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="standards-organizations-t_48.html" title="standards iso british industry international organizations engineering quality ansi astm bsi nist"> Standard Organizations </a> </h3> <p> National and International organizations producing codes and standards - ANSI, ISO, DIN, BSi and more. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="statics-t_63.html" title="beams static loads force torque moment"> Statics </a> </h3> <p> Forces acting on bodies at rest under equilibrium conditions - loads, forces and torque, beams and columns. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="steam-condensate-properties-t_28.html" title="steam condensate traps boiler pressure temperature energy power enthalpy turbines cleaners electric vapor generators irons heat table showers presses"> Steam and Condensate </a> </h3> <p> Design of steam & condensate systems with properties, capacities, sizing of pipe lines, system configuration and more. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="thermodynamics-t_36.html" title="thermodynamics energy temperature law law heat transfers plate tube exchangers pumps exchange pump convection coefficient equipment fluid radiation conduction machine pipe calculator charts diagrams insulation emissivity"> Thermodynamics </a> </h3> <p> Work, heat and energy systems. </p> <h3> &bull; <a href="hot-water-systems-t_29.html" title="water systems tank hot cold system heaters tanks pumps plumbing softener installation potable leak hammer supply lines piping pipes pressure temperature storage sprinklers fluid flow drainage expansion pressure loss charts treatment well"> Water Systems </a> </h3> <p> Design of hot and cold water service and utility systems with properties, capacities, sizing of pipe lines and more. </p> <script> var reload = false; var host = window.location.hostname; if (host.indexOf("www.engineeringtoolbox.com") == -1) reload = true; if (host.indexOf("localhost") != -1) reload = false; if (host == "") reload = false; reload = false; if (reload) { var canUrl = "https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/index.html"; setTimeout(function(){location.href = canUrl;} , 3000); } </script> </div> </div> <div id="adSlotStickyRight" class="noPrint"> <div> <!-- adngin-right-0 --> <div id="adngin-right-0"></div> </div> </div> <div id="below"> <div> <h2> Search </h2> <script async src="https://cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=6a091aba9f3e1fba3"></script> <div class="gcse-searchbox-only"></div> <p> Search is the most efficient way to navigate the Engineering ToolBox. </p> <ul> <li> <a href="search-engineering-toolbox-d_2075.html"> Popular internal searches in the Engineering ToolBox </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="sketchup"> <h2> Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - Online 3D modeling! </h2> <p class="center"> <a href="https://sketchup.engineeringtoolbox.com" title="3D Engineering ToolBox Extension to SketchUp - add parametric components to your SketchUp model"> <img src="https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/docs/img/sketchup_700.gif" alt="3D Engineering ToolBox Extension to SketchUp - add parametric components to your SketchUp model" height="95" width="700" loading="lazy" > </a> </p> <p> Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your <a href="https://www.sketchup.com"> Sketchup model </a> with the <a href="https://sketchup.engineeringtoolbox.com"> Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension </a> - enabled for use with older versions of the amazing <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=sketchup+make+old+download"> SketchUp Make </a> and the newer "up to date" <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=sketchup+pro"> SketchUp Pro </a> . Add the <a href="https://extensions.sketchup.com/extension/99d3eb24-a56f-4c3e-b7cb-3550cd9d2aca/the-engineering-tool-box"> Engineering ToolBox extension </a> to your SketchUp Make/Pro from the <a href="https://extensions.sketchup.com/extension/99d3eb24-a56f-4c3e-b7cb-3550cd9d2aca/the-engineering-tool-box"> Extension Warehouse </a> !</p> </div> <div id="translate"> <h2> Translate this Page </h2> <p> Translate this page to <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?u=www.engineeringtoolbox.com/%26langpair=en%7Ces%26hl=en%26ie=UTF-8%26oe=UTF-8%26prev=%2Flanguage_tools"> Your Own Language </a> .</p> </div> <div id="aboutus"> About the Engineering ToolBox! </div> <div id="privacy"> <h2> Privacy Policy </h2> <p> We don't collect information from our users. More about </p> <ul> <li> <a href="privacy-policy-d_2228.html"> the Engineering ToolBox Privacy Policy </a> </li> </ul> <p>We use a third-party to provide monetization technologies for our site. You can review their privacy and cookie policy <a href="https://www.snigel.com/privacy-policy/">here</a>.</p> <p> You can change your privacy settings by clicking the following button: <button onclick="adconsent('showGUI')">Manage Consent</button>. </p> </div> <div id="advertise"> <h2> Advertise in the ToolBox </h2> <p> If you want to promote your products or services in the Engineering ToolBox - please use <a href="https://adwords.google.com/"> Google Adwords. </a> You can target the Engineering ToolBox by using <a href="https://support.google.com/adwords/answer/2470108?hl=en"> AdWords Managed Placements. </a> </p> </div> <div id="citation"> <h2> Citation </h2> <p> This page can be cited as </p> <ul> <li> Engineering ToolBox (2001) [online] Available at: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com [Accessed Day Month Year]. </li> </ul> <p> Modify the access date according your visit. </p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="left"> <div id="apps"> <a title="3D Engineering ToolBox - 3D modelling technical applications!" href="//sketchup.engineeringtoolbox.com"> <img src="static/img/sketchup2.png" alt="3D Engineering ToolBox - draw and model technical applications!" loading="lazy" > </a> <a title="2D Engineering ToolBox - create and share online diagram drawing templates!" href="//www.engineeringtoolbox.com/2d-drawing-diagram-template-t_62.html"> <img src="static/img/googleDrawing.png" alt="2D Engineering ToolBox - create and share online diagram drawing templates!" loading="lazy" > </a> <a title="Engineering ToolBox Apps - mobile online and offline engineering applications!" href="//apps.engineeringtoolbox.com"> <img src="static/img/apps.png" alt="Engineering ToolBox Apps - mobile online and offline engineering applications!" loading="lazy" > </a> </div> <div id="menu"> <ul> <li id="t_27" class="menuItem"> <a href="acoustics-noise-decibels-t_27.html"> Acoustics </a> </li> <li id="t_8" class="menuItem"> <a href="air-psychrometrics-properties-t_8.html"> Air Psychrometrics </a> </li> <li id="t_19" class="menuItem"> <a href="si-units-engineering-t_19.html"> Basics </a> </li> <li id="t_9" class="menuItem"> <a href="combustion-boiler-fuels-t_9.html"> Combustion </a> </li> <li id="t_61" class="menuItem"> <a href="drawing-tools-t_61.html"> Drawing Tools </a> </li> <li id="t_60" class="menuItem"> <a href="dynamics-t_60.html"> Dynamics </a> </li> <li id="t_53" class="menuItem"> <a href="engineering-economics-t_53.html"> Economics </a> </li> <li id="t_33" class="menuItem"> <a href="electrical-systems-t_33.html"> Electrical </a> </li> <li id="t_13" class="menuItem"> <a href="environment-climate-meterology-t_13.html"> Environment </a> </li> <li id="t_21" class="menuItem"> <a href="fluid-mechanics-t_21.html"> Fluid Mechanics </a> </li> <li id="t_22" class="menuItem"> <a href="gas-air-systems-t_22.html"> Gases and Compressed Air </a> </li> <li id="t_23" class="menuItem"> <a href="hvac-systems-t_23.html"> HVAC Systems </a> </li> <li id="t_59" class="menuItem"> <a href="hydraulic-pneumatic-systems-t_59.html"> Hydraulics and Pneumatics </a> </li> <li id="t_4" class="menuItem"> <a href="insulation-heat-loss-t_4.html"> Insulation </a> </li> <li id="t_24" class="menuItem"> <a href="material-properties-t_24.html"> Material Properties </a> </li> <li id="t_54" class="menuItem"> <a href="mathematics-t_54.html"> Mathematics </a> </li> <li id="t_52" class="menuItem"> <a href="mechanics-t_52.html"> Mechanics </a> </li> <li id="t_25" class="menuItem"> <a href="engineering-topics-t_25.html"> Miscellaneous </a> </li> <li id="t_31" class="menuItem"> <a href="physiology-t_31.html"> Physiology </a> </li> <li id="t_6" class="menuItem"> <a href="piping-tubing-systems-t_6.html"> Piping Systems </a> </li> <li id="t_32" class="menuItem"> <a href="process-control-systems-t_32.html"> Process Control Systems </a> </li> <li id="t_34" class="menuItem"> <a href="pumps-t_34.html"> Pumps </a> </li> <li id="t_75" class="menuItem"> <a href="sanitary-drainage-systems-t_75.html"> Sanitary Drainage Systems </a> </li> <li id="t_48" class="menuItem"> <a href="standards-organizations-t_48.html"> Standard Organizations </a> </li> <li id="t_63" class="menuItem"> <a href="statics-t_63.html"> Statics </a> </li> <li id="t_28" class="menuItem"> <a href="steam-condensate-properties-t_28.html"> Steam and Condensate </a> </li> <li id="t_36" class="menuItem"> <a href="thermodynamics-t_36.html"> Thermodynamics </a> </li> <li id="t_29" class="menuItem"> <a href="hot-water-systems-t_29.html"> Water Systems </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="convert"> <h3> <a href="unit-converter-d_185.html"> Unit Converter </a> </h3> <br > <blockquote> <label for="temperature_value2"> <a href="temperature-d_291.html"> Temperature </a> </label> <input type="number" id="temperature_value2" value="0.0" > <input type="radio" name="temperature_unit2" value="degC" id="temperature_unit2_degC" checked="checked" > <label for="temperature_unit2_degC"> <i><sup>o</sup>C</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="temperature_unit2" id="temperature_unit2_degK" value="degK" > <label for="temperature_unit2_degK"> <i>K</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="temperature_unit2" id="temperature_unit2_degF" value="degF" > <label for="temperature_unit2_degF"> <i><sup>o</sup>F</i> </label> <br > <input type="button" id="temperature_calculate2" value="Convert!" > <div id="resultMenuTemperature"> </div> </blockquote> <br > <blockquote> <label for="length_value2"> <a href="length-units-converter-d_1033.html"> Length </a> </label> <input type="number" id="length_value2" value="1.0" > <input type="radio" name="length_unit2" id="length_unit2_meters" value="meters" checked="checked" > <label for="length_unit2_meters"> <i>m</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="length_unit2" id="length_unit2_kilometers" value="kilometers" > <label for="length_unit2_kilometers"> <i>km</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="length_unit2" id="length_unit2_inches" value="inches" > <label for="length_unit2_inches"> <i>in</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="length_unit2" id="length_unit2_feet" value="feet" > <label for="length_unit2_feet"> <i>ft</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="length_unit2" id="length_unit2_yards" value="yards" > <label for="length_unit2_yards"> <i>yards</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="length_unit2" id="length_unit2_miles" value="miles" > <label for="length_unit2_miles"> <i>miles</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="length_unit2" id="length_unit2_nautical_miles" value="nautical_miles" > <label for="length_unit2_nautical_miles"> <i>naut miles</i> </label> <br > <input type="button" id="length_calculate2" value="Convert!" > <div id="resultMenuLength"> </div> </blockquote> <br > <blockquote> <label for="area_value2"> <a href="area-units-converter-d_2007.html"> Area </a> </label> <input type="number" id="area_value2" value="1.0" > <input type="radio" name="area_unit2" id="area_unit2_square_meters" value="sq.meters" checked="checked" > <label for="area_unit2_square_meters"> <i>m<sup>2</sup></i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="area_unit2" id="area_unit2_square_kilometers" value="sq.kilometers" > <label for="area_unit2_square_kilometers"> <i>km<sup>2</sup></i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="area_unit2" id="area_unit2_square_inches" value="sq.inches" > <label for="area_unit2_square_inches"> <i>in<sup>2</sup></i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="area_unit2" id="area_unit2_square_feet" value="sq.feet" > <label for="area_unit2_square_feet"> <i>ft<sup>2</sup></i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="area_unit2" id="area_unit2_square_miles" value="sq.miles" > <label for="area_unit2_square_miles"> <i>miles<sup>2</sup></i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="area_unit2" id="area_unit2_acres" value="acres" > <label for="area_unit2_acres"> <i>acres</i> </label> <br > <input type="button" id="area_calculate2" value="Convert!" > <div id="resultMenuArea"> </div> </blockquote> <br > <blockquote> <label for="volume_value2"> <a href="volume-units-converter-d_1034.html"> Volume </a> </label> <input type="number" id="volume_value2" value="1.0" > <input type="radio" name="volume_unit2" id="volume_unit2_cubic_meters" value="cubic_meters" checked="checked" > <label for="volume_unit2_cubic_meters"> <i>m<sup>3</sup></i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="volume_unit2" id="volume_unit2_liters" value="liters" > <label for="volume_unit2_liters"> <i>liters</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="volume_unit2" id="volume_unit2_cubic_inches" value="cubic_inches" > <label for="volume_unit2_cubic_inches"> <i>in<sup>3</sup></i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="volume_unit2" id="volume_unit2_cubic_feet" value="cubic_feet" > <label for="volume_unit2_cubic_feet"> <i>ft<sup>3</sup></i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="volume_unit2" id="volume_unit2_us_liquid_gallons" value="us_liquid_gallons" > <label for="volume_unit2_us_liquid_gallons"> <i>us gal</i> </label> <br > <input type="button" id="volume_calculate2" value="Convert!" > <div id="resultMenuVolume"> </div> </blockquote> <br > <blockquote> <label for="weight_value2"> <a href="mass-weight-d_589.html"> Weight </a> </label> <input type="number" id="weight_value2" value="1.0" > <input type="radio" name="weight_unit2" id="weight_unit2_kgf" value="kgf" checked="checked" > <label for="weight_unit2_kgf"> <i>kg<sub>f</sub></i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="weight_unit2" id="weight_unit2_N" value="N" > <label for="weight_unit2_N"> <i>N</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="weight_unit2" id="weight_unit2_lbf" value="lbf" > <label for="weight_unit2_lbf"> <i>lbf</i> </label> <br > <input type="button" id="weight_calculate2" value="Convert!" > <div id="resultMenuWeight"> </div> </blockquote> <br > <blockquote> <label for="velocity_value2"> <a href="velocity-units-converter-d_1035.html"> Velocity </a> </label> <input type="number" id="velocity_value2" value="1.0" > <input type="radio" name="velocity_unit2" id="velocity_unit2_m_per_s" value="m_per_s" checked="checked" > <label for="velocity_unit2_m_per_s"> <i>m/s</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="velocity_unit2" id="velocity_unit2_km_per_h" value="km_per_h" > <label for="velocity_unit2_km_per_h"> <i>km/h</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="velocity_unit2" id="velocity_unit2_ft_per_min" value="ft_per_min" > <label for="velocity_unit2_ft_per_min"> <i>ft/min</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="velocity_unit2" id="velocity_unit2_ft_per_s" value="ft_per_s" > <label for="velocity_unit2_ft_per_s"> <i>ft/s</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="velocity_unit2" id="velocity_unit2_mph" value="mph" > <label for="velocity_unit2_mph"> <i>mph</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="velocity_unit2" id="velocity_unit2_knots" value="knots" > <label for="velocity_unit2_knots"> <i>knots</i> </label> <br > <input type="button" id="velocity_calculate2" value="Convert!" > <div id="resultMenuVelocity"> </div> </blockquote> <br > <blockquote> <label for="pressure_value2"> <a href="pressure-units-converter-d_569.html"> Pressure </a> </label> <input type="number" id="pressure_value2" value="1.0" > <input type="radio" name="pressure_unit2" id="pressure_unit2_Pa" value="Pa" checked="checked" > <label for="pressure_unit2_Pa"> <i>Pa</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="pressure_unit2" id="pressure_unit2_bar" value="bar" > <label for="pressure_unit2_bar"> <i>bar</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="pressure_unit2" id="pressure_unit2_atmosphere" value="atmosphere" > <label for="pressure_unit2_atmosphere"> <i>atmosphere</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="pressure_unit2" id="pressure_unit2_mmH2O" value="mmH2O" > <label for="pressure_unit2_mmH2O"> <i>mm H<sub>2</sub>O</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="pressure_unit2" id="pressure_unit2_kg_per_cm2" value="kg_per_cm2" > <label for="pressure_unit2_kg_per_cm2"> <i>kg/cm<sup>2</sup></i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="pressure_unit2" id="pressure_unit2_psi" value="psi" > <label for="pressure_unit2_psi"> <i>psi</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="pressure_unit2" id="pressure_unit2_inH2O" value="inH2O" > <label for="pressure_unit2_inH2O"> <i>inches H<sub>2</sub>O</i> </label> <br > <input type="button" id="pressure_calculate2" value="Convert!" > <div id="resultMenuPressure"> </div> </blockquote> <br > <blockquote> <label for="flow_value2"> <a href="flow-units-converter-d_405.html"> Flow </a> </label> <input type="number" id="flow_value2" value="1.0" > <input type="radio" name="flow_unit2" id="flow_unit2_cubic_meters_per_second" value="cubic_meters_per_second" checked="checked" > <label for="flow_unit2_cubic_meters_per_second"> <i>m<sup>3</sup>/s</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="flow_unit2" id="flow_unit2_cubic_meters_per_hour" value="cubic_meters_per_hour" > <label for="flow_unit2_cubic_meters_per_hour"> <i>m<sup>3</sup>/h</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="flow_unit2" id="flow_unit2_us_gallons_per_minute" value="us_gallons_per_minute" > <label for="flow_unit2_us_gallons_per_minute"> <i>US gpm</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="flow_unit2" id="flow_unit2_cubic_feet_per_minute" value="cubic_feet_per_minute" > <label for="flow_unit2_cubic_feet_per_minute"> <i>cfm</i> </label> <br > <input type="button" id="flow_calculate2" value="Convert!" > <div id="resultMenuFlow"> </div> </blockquote> </div> <p id="tstamp"> 11.25.10 </p> <div id="adSlotStickyLeft" class="noPrint"> <div> <!-- adngin-left1-0 --> <div id="adngin-left1-0"></div> </div> </div> <a href="/amp/" title="amp page"> . </a> </div> <div id="right"> <div id="share"> <p> <a title="Print page!" href="#" id="printer_friendly"> <img src="static/img/printer.png" width="60" height="20" alt="printer friendly" loading="lazy" > </a> </p> <p> <a title="Shortcut to Home Screen" href="shortcut-webpage-homescreen-desktop-d_2230.html"> Make Shortcut to Home Screen? </a> </p> </div> </div> <script> var reload = false; var host = window.location.hostname; if (host.indexOf("www.engineeringtoolbox.com") == -1) reload = true; if (host.indexOf("localhost") != -1) reload = false; if (host == "") reload = false; reload = false; if (reload) { var canUrl = "https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/"; setTimeout(function(){location.href = canUrl;} , 3000); } </script> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WH8MKZX" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <div id="adAnchor" class="noPrint"> <!-- adngin-adhesive-0 --> <div id="adngin-adhesive-0"></div> </div> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10