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</header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sommaire" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sommaire</h2> <button 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<span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section <span>Français</span></span> </button> <ul id="toc-Français-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Étymologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Étymologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span><span>Étymologie</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Étymologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nom_commun_1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nom_commun_1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span><span>Nom commun 1</span><span> </span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nom_commun_1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Variantes_orthographiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variantes_orthographiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span><span>Variantes orthographiques</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variantes_orthographiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traductions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traductions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span><span>Traductions</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traductions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nom_commun_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nom_commun_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span><span>Nom commun 2</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nom_commun_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vocabulaire_apparenté_par_le_sens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocabulaire_apparenté_par_le_sens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span><span>Vocabulaire apparenté par le sens</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocabulaire_apparenté_par_le_sens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traductions_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traductions_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span><span>Traductions</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traductions_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nom_commun_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nom_commun_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span><span>Nom commun 3</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nom_commun_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Variantes_orthographiques_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variantes_orthographiques_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span><span>Variantes orthographiques</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variantes_orthographiques_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anagrammes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anagrammes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span><span>Anagrammes</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anagrammes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span><span>Voir aussi</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span><span>Références</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anglais" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglais"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span><span>Anglais</span></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anglais-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section <span>Anglais</span></span> </button> <ul id="toc-Anglais-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Étymologie_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Étymologie_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span><span>Étymologie</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Étymologie_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nom_commun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nom_commun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span><span>Nom commun</span><span> </span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nom_commun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span><span>Verbe</span><span> </span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Synonymes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synonymes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span><span>Synonymes</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synonymes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dérivés" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dérivés"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span><span>Dérivés</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dérivés-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prononciation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prononciation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span><span>Prononciation</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prononciation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Paronymes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paronymes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span><span>Paronymes</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paronymes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span><span>Voir aussi</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Danois" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Danois"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span><span>Danois</span></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Danois-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section <span>Danois</span></span> </button> <ul id="toc-Danois-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Étymologie_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Étymologie_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span><span>Étymologie</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Étymologie_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nom_commun_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nom_commun_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span><span>Nom commun</span><span> </span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nom_commun_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Synonymes_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synonymes_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span><span>Synonymes</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synonymes_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anagrammes_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anagrammes_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span><span>Anagrammes</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anagrammes_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kotava" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kotava"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span><span>Kotava</span></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kotava-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section <span>Kotava</span></span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kotava-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Étymologie_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Étymologie_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span><span>Étymologie</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Étymologie_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nom_commun_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nom_commun_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span><span>Nom commun</span><span> </span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nom_commun_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dérivés_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dérivés_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span><span>Dérivés</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dérivés_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Préposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Préposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span><span>Préposition</span><span> </span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Préposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antonymes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antonymes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span><span>Antonymes</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antonymes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dérivés_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dérivés_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span><span>Dérivés</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dérivés_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prononciation_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prononciation_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span><span>Prononciation</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prononciation_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span><span>Références</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span><span>Latin</span></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Latin-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section <span>Latin</span></span> </button> <ul id="toc-Latin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Étymologie_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Étymologie_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span><span>Étymologie</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Étymologie_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbe_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbe_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span><span>Verbe</span><span> </span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbe_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Quasi-synonymes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quasi-synonymes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span><span>Quasi-synonymes</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quasi-synonymes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dérivés_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dérivés_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span><span>Dérivés</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dérivés_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dérivés_dans_d’autres_langues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dérivés_dans_d’autres_langues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span><span>Dérivés dans d’autres langues</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dérivés_dans_d’autres_langues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anagrammes_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anagrammes_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span><span>Anagrammes</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anagrammes_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span><span>Références</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polonais" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polonais"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span><span>Polonais</span></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Polonais-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section <span>Polonais</span></span> </button> <ul id="toc-Polonais-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Étymologie_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Étymologie_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span><span>Étymologie</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Étymologie_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nom_commun_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nom_commun_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span><span>Nom commun</span><span> </span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nom_commun_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span><span>Voir aussi</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tchèque" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tchèque"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span><span>Tchèque</span></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tchèque-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section <span>Tchèque</span></span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tchèque-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Forme_de_nom_commun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forme_de_nom_commun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span><span>Forme de nom commun</span><span> </span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forme_de_nom_commun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vurës" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vurës"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span><span>Vurës</span></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vurës-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section <span>Vurës</span></span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vurës-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Étymologie_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Étymologie_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span><span>Étymologie</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Étymologie_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbe_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbe_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span><span>Verbe</span><span> </span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbe_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span><span>Références</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">sum</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 60 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – fidjien" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – norvégien" lang="no" hreflang="no" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Norsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – télougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="télougou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" title="sum – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="sum" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/sum" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussion:sum&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu (page inexistante) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/sum"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le wikicode</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/sum"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le wikicode</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/sum" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/sum" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=fr" title="Téléverser une image ou fichier média sur le serveur [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&oldid=35731934" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=sum&id=35731934&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wiktionary.org%2Fwiki%2Fsum"><span>Obtenir l’URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wiktionary.org%2Fwiki%2Fsum"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=sum"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=sum&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Définition, traduction, prononciation, anagramme et synonyme sur le dictionnaire libre Wiktionnaire.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-voir modele-voir"><span class="bandeau-voir-icone"><i>Voir aussi</i></span> : <a href="/wiki/sum-" title="sum-">sum-</a>, <a href="/wiki/s%E1%BB%A5m" title="sụm">sụm</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A1um" title="šum">šum</a></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Français"><span id="Fran.C3.A7ais"></span><span class="sectionlangue" id="fr"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Portail:Français">Français</a></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Français"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Étymologie"><span id=".C3.89tymologie"></span><span class="titreetym" title="">Étymologie</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Étymologie"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>(<a href="#fr-nom-1">Nom 1</a>)</i> De l’ouzbek <i><bdi lang="uz" class="lang-uz"><a href="/w/index.php?title=so%CA%BBm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="soʻm (page inexistante)">soʻm</a></bdi></i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D1%81%D1%9E%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="сўм (page inexistante)">сўм</a> en cyrillique).</dd> <dd><i>(<a href="#fr-nom-2">Nom 2</a>)</i> Du mongol <bdi lang="mn" class="lang-mn"><a href="/wiki/%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC#mn" title="сум">сум</a></bdi>, <i>flèche, sum</i>.</dd> <dd><i>(<a href="#fr-nom-3">Nom 3</a>)</i> Par abréviation de <a href="/wiki/summum" title="summum">summum</a>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nom_commun_1"><span class="titredef" id="fr-nom-1">Nom commun 1</span><span id="fr-nom" style="font-size:0;"> </span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Nom commun 1"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="flextable flextable-fr-mfsp"> <tbody><tr> <th>Singulier</th> <th>Pluriel </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><span lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><bdi>sum</bdi></span></b> </td> <td><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/sums#fr" title="sums">sums</a></bdi> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/fran%C3%A7ais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/français"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API">\sum\</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>sum</b> <a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/fran%C3%A7ais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/français"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API">\sum\</span></a> <span class="ligne-de-forme"><i>masculin</i></span> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/unit%C3%A9" title="unité">Unité</a> <a href="/wiki/mon%C3%A9taire" title="monétaire">monétaire</a> <a href="/wiki/utilis%C3%A9e" title="utilisée">utilisée</a> en <a href="/wiki/Ouzb%C3%A9kistan" title="Ouzbékistan">Ouzbékistan</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Variantes_orthographiques"><span class="" title="">Variantes orthographiques</span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Variantes orthographiques"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/soum" title="soum">soum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Traductions"><span class="titretrad" title="">Traductions</span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Traductions"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boite"> <div class="NavFrame"> <div class="NavHead"><b><i></i></b></div> <div class="NavContent"> <div style="column-width: 26em; -webkit-column-width: 26em; -moz-column-width: 26em; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><div class="translations"> <ul><li><span class="trad-en">Anglais</span> : <bdi lang="en" class="lang-en"><a href="/wiki/som#en" title="som">som</a></bdi> <span class="trad-exposant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/som" class="extiw" title="en:som"><span class="trad-existe">(en)</span></a></span></li> <li><span class="trad-uz">Ouzbek</span> : <bdi lang="uz" class="lang-uz"><a href="/w/index.php?title=so%CA%BBm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="soʻm (page inexistante)">soʻm</a></bdi> <span class="trad-exposant"><a href="https://uz.wiktionary.org/wiki/so%CA%BBm" class="extiw" title="uz:soʻm"><span class="trad-existe">(uz)</span></a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nom_commun_2"><span class="titredef" id="fr-nom-2">Nom commun 2</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Nom commun 2"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="flextable flextable-fr-mfsp"> <tbody><tr> <th>Singulier</th> <th>Pluriel </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><span lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><bdi>sum</bdi></span></b> </td> <td><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/sums#fr" title="sums">sums</a></bdi> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span title="Prononciation à préciser">\<small><span class="plainlinks stubedit"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit">Prononciation ?</a></span></small>\</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>sum</b> <span title="Prononciation à préciser">\<small><span class="plainlinks stubedit"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit">Prononciation ?</a></span></small>\</span> <span class="ligne-de-forme"><i>masculin</i></span> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/division#fr" title="division">Division</a> <a href="/wiki/administratif" title="administratif">administrative</a> de <a href="/wiki/deuxi%C3%A8me" title="deuxième">deuxième</a> <a href="/wiki/niveau" title="niveau">niveau</a> en <a href="/wiki/Mongolie" title="Mongolie">Mongolie</a>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vocabulaire_apparenté_par_le_sens"><span id="Vocabulaire_apparent.C3.A9_par_le_sens"></span><span class="titrevoc" title="">Vocabulaire apparenté par le sens</span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Vocabulaire apparenté par le sens"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=a%C3%AFmag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="aïmag (page inexistante)">aïmag</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Traductions_2"><span class="titretrad" title="">Traductions</span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Traductions"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boite"> <div class="NavFrame"> <div class="NavHead"><b><i></i></b></div> <div class="NavContent"> <div style="column-width: 26em; -webkit-column-width: 26em; -moz-column-width: 26em; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><div class="translations"> <ul><li><span class="trad-en">Anglais</span> : <bdi lang="en" class="lang-en"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#en">sum</a></bdi> <span class="trad-exposant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum" class="extiw" title="en:sum"><span class="trad-existe">(en)</span></a></span></li> <li><span class="trad-mn">Mongol</span> : <bdi lang="mn" class="lang-mn"><a href="/wiki/%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC#mn" title="сум">сум</a></bdi> <span class="trad-exposant"><a href="https://mn.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC" class="extiw" title="mn:сум"><span class="trad-existe">(mn)</span></a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nom_commun_3"><span class="titredef" id="fr-nom-3">Nom commun 3</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Nom commun 3"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="flextable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Invariable </th></tr> <tr> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">sum </a><br /><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/fran%C3%A7ais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/français"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API">\sœm\</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>sum</b> <a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/fran%C3%A7ais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/français"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API">\sœm\</span></a> <span class="ligne-de-forme"><i>masculin</i></span> <span class="ligne-de-forme"><i><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Glossaire_grammatical#singulier" title="Annexe:Glossaire grammatical">singulier</a></i></span> </p> <ol><li><span class="registre"><span id="argot"></span><i>(<span class="texte"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Glossaire_grammatical#A" title="Annexe:Glossaire grammatical">Argot</a></span>)</i></span> <span class="emploi"><span id="-indénombrable"></span><i>(<span class="texte"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Glossaire_grammatical#I" title="Annexe:Glossaire grammatical">Indénombrable</a></span>)</i></span> Résine de <a href="/wiki/cannabis" title="cannabis">cannabis</a> de très bonne qualité. <ul><li><span class="example"><q><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><i>(…) Le « <b>sum </b>» est peut-être une variante du pollen..." avance Fabrice Besacier, patron de la section stupéfiants à l'Institut national de police scientifique d'Ecully.</i></bdi></q> <span class="sources"><span class="tiret">— </span>(Guillaumme Lamy, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lyoncapitale.fr/actualite/du-cannabis-surpuissant-debarque-a-lyon">Du cannabis surpuissant débarque à Lyon</a>, lyoncapitale.fr, 19 septembre 2007)</span></span></li></ul></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Variantes_orthographiques_2"><span class="" title="">Variantes orthographiques</span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Variantes orthographiques"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><bdi lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><a href="/wiki/seum#fr-nom-2" title="seum">seum</a></bdi></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anagrammes"><span class="titreanagr" title="">Anagrammes</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Anagrammes"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> → <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Mod%C3%A8le:anagrammes/fr/msu" title="Spécial:EditPage/Modèle:anagrammes/fr/msu">Modifier la liste d’anagrammes</a></p><div class="boite"> <div> <div> <div style="column-width: 26em; -webkit-column-width: 26em; -moz-column-width: 26em; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mus#fr" title="Mus">Mus</a>, <a href="/wiki/mus#fr" title="mus">mus</a></li></ul> </div></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voir_aussi"><span class="titrevoir" title="">Voir aussi</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/sum" class="extiw" title="w:sum"><span lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><bdi>sum</bdi></span></a> sur l’encyclopédie Wikipédia <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/20px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/30px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum_(monnaie)" class="extiw" title="w:Sum (monnaie)"><span lang="fr" class="lang-fr"><bdi>Sum (monnaie)</bdi></span></a> sur l’encyclopédie Wikipédia <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/20px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/30px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span><span class="titreref" title="">Références</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="ouvrage" id="CITEREFNormand12_mars_2015">Philippe Normand, <i>Langue de keufs sauce piquante</i>, Cherche Midi, 12 mars 2015</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anglais"><span class="sectionlangue" id="en"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Anglais" title="Portail:Anglais">Anglais</a></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Anglais"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Étymologie_2"><span id=".C3.89tymologie_2"></span><span class="titreetym" title="">Étymologie</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=15" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Étymologie"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Du latin <i><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/wiki/summa#la" title="summa">summa</a></bdi></i>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nom_commun"><span class="titredef" id="en-nom-1">Nom commun</span><span id="en-nom" style="font-size:0;"> </span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=16" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Nom commun"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="flextable flextable-en"> <tbody><tr> <th>Singulier</th> <th>Pluriel </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><span lang="en" class="lang-en"><bdi>sum</bdi></span></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/anglais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/anglais"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API">\sʌm\</span></a> </td> <td><bdi lang="en" class="lang-en"><a href="/wiki/sums#en-flex-nom" title="sums">sums</a></bdi><br /><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/anglais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/anglais"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API">\sʌmz\</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>sum</b> <a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/anglais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/anglais"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API">\sʌm\</span></a> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/montant" title="montant">Montant</a>, <a href="/wiki/somme" title="somme">somme</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/calcul" title="calcul">Calcul</a>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verbe"><span class="titredef" id="en-verb-1">Verbe</span><span id="en-verb" style="font-size:0;"> </span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=17" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Verbe"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>sum</b> <a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/anglais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/anglais"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API">\sʌm\</span></a> </p> <table class="flextable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Temps </th> <th>Forme </th></tr> <tr> <th>Infinitif </th> <td><span lang="en" class="lang-en"><bdi>to</bdi></span> <b><span lang="en" class="lang-en"><bdi>sum</bdi></span></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/anglais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/anglais"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API">\sʌm\</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Présent simple,<br /><small>3<sup style="font-size:83.33%;line-height:1">e</sup> pers. sing.</small> </th> <td><bdi lang="en" class="lang-en"><a href="/wiki/sums#en" title="sums">sums</a></bdi><br /><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/anglais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/anglais"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API">\sʌmz\</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Prétérit </th> <td><bdi lang="en" class="lang-en"><a href="/wiki/summed#en" title="summed">summed</a></bdi><br /><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/anglais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/anglais"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API">\sʌmd\</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Participe passé </th> <td><bdi lang="en" class="lang-en"><a href="/wiki/summed#en" title="summed">summed</a></bdi><br /><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/anglais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/anglais"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API">\sʌmd\</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Participe présent </th> <td><bdi lang="en" class="lang-en"><a href="/wiki/summing#en" title="summing">summing</a></bdi><br /><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/anglais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/anglais"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API">\ˈsʌm.ɪŋ\</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><small>voir <a href="/wiki/Conjugaison:anglais" title="Conjugaison:anglais">conjugaison anglaise</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ol><li><i>(<span title="Les mathématiques sont l’étude des nombres et figures géométriques." id="en-mathématiques">Mathématiques</span>)</i> <a href="/wiki/compter" title="compter">Compter</a> (le total).</li> <li><i>(<span title="Les mathématiques sont l’étude des nombres et figures géométriques." id="en-mathématiques">Mathématiques</span>)</i> <a href="/wiki/sommer" title="sommer">Sommer</a>, <a href="/wiki/additionner" title="additionner">additionner</a>. <ul><li><span class="example"><q><bdi lang="en" class="lang-en"><i>I <b>sum</b> over all the states.</i></bdi></q></span> <dl><dd>Je somme sur tous les états.</dd></dl></li></ul></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Synonymes"><span class="titresyno" title="">Synonymes</span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=18" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Synonymes"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>(<span title="Les mathématiques sont l’étude des nombres et figures géométriques.">Mathématiques</span>)</i> <bdi lang="en" class="lang-en"><a href="/wiki/add#en" title="add">add</a></bdi></li> <li><i>(<span title="Les mathématiques sont l’étude des nombres et figures géométriques.">Mathématiques</span>)</i> <bdi lang="en" class="lang-en"><a href="/wiki/total#en" title="total">total</a></bdi></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dérivés"><span id="D.C3.A9riv.C3.A9s"></span><span class="titrederiv" title="">Dérivés</span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=19" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Dérivés"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><bdi lang="en" class="lang-en"><a href="/wiki/sum_up#en" title="sum up">sum up</a></bdi> (<i>résumer</i>; <i>récapituler</i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prononciation"><span class="titrepron" title="">Prononciation</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=20" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Prononciation"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/anglais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/anglais"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API">\sʌm\</span></a> <ul><li><span class="audio-pronunciation"><span class="audio-region" data-region="États-Unis">États-Unis</span> : écouter « <span class="audio-word" data-word="sum">sum</span> <span class="audio-ipa" data-ipa="sʌm"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/anglais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/anglais"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API">[sʌm]</span></a></span> » <span class="audio-file" data-file="En-us-sum.ogg"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="1" data-mwtitle="En-us-sum.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-sum.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-sum.ogg/En-us-sum.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span id="région"><i>(Australie)</i></span> <a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/anglais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/anglais"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API">\sam\</span></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Paronymes"><span class="" title="Mots dont la ressemblance entraîne de fréquentes confusions avec « sum »">Paronymes</span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=21" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Paronymes"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/some#en" title="some">some</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voir_aussi_2"><span class="titrevoir" title="">Voir aussi</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=22" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:sum" class="extiw" title="w:en:sum"><span lang="en" class="lang-en"><bdi>sum</bdi></span></a> sur l’encyclopédie Wikipédia (en anglais) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/20px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/30px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Danois"><span class="sectionlangue" id="da"><a href="/wiki/danois" title="danois">Danois</a></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=23" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Danois"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Étymologie_3"><span id=".C3.89tymologie_3"></span><span class="titreetym" title="">Étymologie</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=24" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Étymologie"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Du latin <i><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/wiki/summa#la" title="summa">summa</a></bdi></i>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nom_commun_4"><span class="titredef" id="da-nom-1">Nom commun</span><span id="da-nom" style="font-size:0;"> </span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=25" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Nom commun"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>sum</b> <span class="ligne-de-forme"><i>masculin</i></span> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/montant" title="montant">Montant</a>, <a href="/wiki/somme" title="somme">somme</a>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Synonymes_2"><span class="titresyno" title="">Synonymes</span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=26" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Synonymes"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/bel%C3%B8b" title="beløb">beløb</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anagrammes_2"><span class="titreanagr" title="">Anagrammes</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=27" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Anagrammes"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><bdi lang="da" class="lang-da"><a href="/wiki/mus#da" title="mus">mus</a></bdi></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kotava"><span class="sectionlangue" id="avk"><a href="/wiki/kotava" title="kotava">Kotava</a></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=28" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Kotava"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Étymologie_4"><span id=".C3.89tymologie_4"></span><span class="titreetym" title="">Étymologie</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=29" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Étymologie"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Racine inventée arbitrairement<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nom_commun_5"><span class="titredef" id="avk-nom-1">Nom commun</span><span id="avk-nom" style="font-size:0;"> </span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=30" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Nom commun"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>sum</b> <a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/kotava" title="Annexe:Prononciation/kotava"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API">\sum\</span></a> <span class="emploi"><span id="-indénombrable"></span><i>(<span class="texte"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Glossaire_grammatical#I" title="Annexe:Glossaire grammatical">Indénombrable</a></span>)</i></span> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/graisse#fr" title="graisse">Graisse</a>. <ul><li><span class="example"><i><a href="/wiki/Aide:Exemples" title="Aide:Exemples">Exemple d’utilisation</a> manquant.</i> <span class="plainlinks stubedit">(<a class="external text" href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit">Ajouter</a>)</span><bdi lang="avk" style="display: none"></bdi></span></li></ul></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dérivés_2"><span id="D.C3.A9riv.C3.A9s_2"></span><span class="titrederiv" title="">Dérivés</span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=31" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Dérivés"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/sum%C3%A1#avk" title="sumá">sumá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/sumada#avk" title="sumada">sumada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/sumak#avk" title="sumak">sumak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/sumek#avk" title="sumek">sumek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/sumida#avk" title="sumida">sumida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/sumxa#avk" title="sumxa">sumxa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Préposition"><span id="Pr.C3.A9position"></span><span class="titredef" id="avk-prép-1">Préposition</span><span id="avk-prép" style="font-size:0;"> </span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=32" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Préposition"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/loin#fr" title="loin">Loin</a> de, au loin de (avec mouvement).</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Antonymes"><span class="titreanto" title="">Antonymes</span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=33" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Antonymes"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><bdi lang="avk" class="lang-avk"><a href="/wiki/pok#avk" title="pok">pok</a></bdi></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dérivés_3"><span id="D.C3.A9riv.C3.A9s_3"></span><span class="titrederiv" title="">Dérivés</span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=34" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Dérivés"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><bdi lang="avk" class="lang-avk"><a href="/wiki/sume#avk" title="sume">sume</a></bdi></li> <li><bdi lang="avk" class="lang-avk"><a href="/wiki/sumi#avk" title="sumi">sumi</a></bdi></li> <li><bdi lang="avk" class="lang-avk"><a href="/wiki/sumo#avk" title="sumo">sumo</a></bdi></li> <li><bdi lang="avk" class="lang-avk"><a href="/wiki/sumplek%C3%BA#avk" title="sumplekú">sumplekú</a></bdi></li> <li><bdi lang="avk" class="lang-avk"><a href="/wiki/sumu#avk" title="sumu">sumu</a></bdi></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prononciation_2"><span class="titrepron" title="">Prononciation</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=35" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Prononciation"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="audio-pronunciation"><span class="audio-region" data-region="France">France</span> : écouter « <span class="audio-word" data-word="sum">sum</span> <span class="audio-ipa" data-ipa="sum"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/kotava" title="Annexe:Prononciation/kotava"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API">[sum]</span></a></span> » <span class="audio-file" data-file="sum (avk).wav"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="sum_(avk).wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Sum_%28avk%29.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Sum_%28avk%29.wav/Sum_%28avk%29.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Sum_%28avk%29.wav/Sum_%28avk%29.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Références_2"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences_2"></span><span class="titreref" title="">Références</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=36" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>« <cite style="font-style:normal" class="ouvrage"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kotava.org/kotapedia/doku.php?id=sum"><i>sum</i></a></cite> », dans <i>Kotapedia</i> (nom)</li> <li>« <cite style="font-style:normal" class="ouvrage"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kotava.org/kotapedia/doku.php?id=sum2"><i>sum</i></a></cite> », dans <i>Kotapedia</i> (préposition)</li></ul> <div class="references-small" style="column-count:1;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Selon <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kotava.org/fr/fr_kotava.php">l’argumentaire développé par l’initiateur du kotava</a>, cette langue ne tire pas des autres langues son vocabulaire.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latin"><span class="sectionlangue" id="la"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Latin" title="Portail:Latin">Latin</a></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=37" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Latin"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Étymologie_5"><span id=".C3.89tymologie_5"></span><span class="titreetym" title="">Étymologie</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=38" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Étymologie"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>De l’indo-européen commun <a href="/wiki/Aide:Formes_reconstruites" title="Aide:Formes reconstruites"><abbr title="Forme reconstruite">*</abbr></a><i><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction:indo-europ%C3%A9en_commun/*h%E2%82%81es-" title="Reconstruction:indo-européen commun/*h₁es-">h₁ésmi</a></i> (« je suis ») qui donne le grec ancien <bdi lang="grc" class="lang-grc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%B5%E1%BC%B0%CE%BC%CE%AF#grc" title="εἰμί">εἰμί</a></bdi>, <bdi lang="grc-Latn" class="lang-grc-Latn"><i>eimí</i></bdi>, le sanskrit <bdi lang="sa" class="lang-sa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="अस्मि (page inexistante)">अस्मि</a></bdi>, <bdi lang="sa-Latn" class="lang-sa-Latn"><i>ásmi</i></bdi>, l’anglais <i><bdi lang="en" class="lang-en"><a href="/wiki/am#en" title="am">am</a></bdi></i>, le tchèque <i><bdi lang="cs" class="lang-cs"><a href="/wiki/jsem#cs" title="jsem">jsem</a></bdi></i>, etc. Ce mot dénote une <a href="/wiki/suppl%C3%A9tion" title="supplétion">supplétion</a> car son étymologie est distincte de celle de <i><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/wiki/fui#la" title="fui">fui</a></bdi></i>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verbe_2"><span class="titredef" id="la-verb-1">Verbe</span><span id="la-verb" style="font-size:0;"> </span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=39" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Verbe"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p><b>sum</b>, <a href="/wiki/es" title="es">es</a>, <i>infinitif</i> : <a href="/wiki/esse#la" title="esse">esse</a>, <i>parfait</i> : <a href="/wiki/fui#la" title="fui">fuī</a>, participe futur : <a href="/wiki/futurus#la" title="futurus">futūrus</a> <i>(irrégulier)</i>, <span class="ligne-de-forme"><i><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Glossaire_grammatical#I" title="Annexe:Glossaire grammatical">intransitif</a></i></span>, prononciation <a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/latin" title="Annexe:Prononciation/latin"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API">\sum\</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/d%C3%A9fectif" title="défectif">défectif</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conjugaison:latin/sum" title="Conjugaison:latin/sum"><span style="font-size: 100%; font-weight: bold; font-variant: small-caps">voir la conjugaison</span></a>) </p><ol><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%AAtre" title="être">Être</a>, <a href="/wiki/exister" title="exister">exister</a>, <a href="/wiki/vivre" title="vivre">vivre</a>. <ul><li><span class="example"><q><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><i>Cogito, ergo <b>sum</b>.</i></bdi></q></span> <dl><dd>Je pense, donc je suis.</dd></dl></li> <li><span class="example"><q><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><i>Sint<b> ut sunt, aut non </b>sint<b>.</b></i><b></b></bdi></q></span> <dl><dd>Qu’ils restent comme ils sont, ou qu’ils disparaissent <i>(locution attribuée au pape Clément XIII, auquel on proposait des changements dans les Constitutions de la Compagnie de Jésus, afin de leur éviter l’expulsion du royaume de France, cf. <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint_ut_sunt_aut_non_sint/">Wikipédia</a>)</i>.</dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li>Avoir lieu, y avoir. <ul><li><span class="example"><q><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><i>Quid tibi <b>est ?</b> </i></bdi></q></span> <dl><dd>Qu’est-ce qu’il y a, qu’est ce qui t’arrive ?</dd></dl></li> <li><span class="example"><q><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><i>Ludus in Amphitheatro <b>erit</b>.</i></bdi></q></span> <dl><dd>Le jeu se déroulera dans l’amphithéâtre.</dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li>Être <a href="/wiki/situ%C3%A9" title="situé">situé</a>. <ul><li><span class="example"><q><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><i>Roma in Italia <b>est</b>.</i></bdi></q></span> <dl><dd>Rome est située en Italie.</dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li>Avec <i><a href="/wiki/in" title="in">in</a></i> et l’ablatif : être revêtu d’une fonction, d’un vêtement : <ul><li><span class="example"><q><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><i>In servitio <b>sunt</b>.</i></bdi></q></span> <dl><dd>Ils sont en service.</dd></dl></li> <li><span class="example"><q><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><i>Ea in kimono <b>est</b>.</i></bdi></q></span> <dl><dd>Elle porte un kimono <i>(dans cet exemple, </i>kimono<i> est l’ablatif du mot néo-latin </i><a class="external text" href="https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/kimonum">kimonum</a><i>)</i>.</dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li>Avec un <a href="/wiki/pronom_relatif" title="pronom relatif">pronom relatif</a> : il y en a (qui). <ul><li><span class="example"><q><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><i> <b>Sunt</b> qui ostreas non edunt.</i></bdi></q></span> <dl><dd>Certaines personnes ne mangent pas d’huîtres.</dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li>Suivi du <a href="/wiki/datif" title="datif">datif</a> : <a href="/wiki/appartenir" title="appartenir">appartenir</a>, être sien. <ul><li><span class="example"><q><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><i>Nomen Iohannes mihi <b>est</b>.</i></bdi></q></span> <dl><dd>Mon nom est Jean.</dd> <dd>Je m’appelle Jean.</dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li>Avec <i><a href="/wiki/ab" title="ab">ab</a></i> : être partisan de, favorable à. <ul><li><span class="example"><q><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><i> <b>Est</b> a me hoc totum.</i></bdi></q></span> <dl><dd>Tout cela est fait pour moi, tout cela est en ma faveur.</dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li>Avec <i><a href="/wiki/ex" title="ex">ex</a></i> : être fait de. <ul><li><span class="example"><q><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><i>Haec potio ex aqua et saccharo <b>est</b>.</i></bdi></q></span> <dl><dd>Cette boisson est composée d’eau et de sucre.</dd></dl></li></ul></li></ol> <p><b>Note : </b> Par convention, les verbes latins sont désignés par la 1<sup>re</sup> personne du singulier du présent de l’indicatif. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Quasi-synonymes"><span class="" title="">Quasi-synonymes</span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=40" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Quasi-synonymes"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/sto#la" title="sto">stō</a> (latin populaire)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dérivés_4"><span id="D.C3.A9riv.C3.A9s_4"></span><span class="titrederiv" title="">Dérivés</span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=41" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Dérivés"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boite"> <div> <div> <div style="column-width: 26em; -webkit-column-width: 26em; -moz-column-width: 26em; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/wiki/absum#la" title="absum">absum</a></bdi> (« être éloigné, absent »)</li> <li><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/wiki/adsum#la" title="adsum">adsum</a></bdi> (« être présent, arriver ») <ul><li><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/w/index.php?title=coadsum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="coadsum (page inexistante)">coadsum</a></bdi> (« être présent avec »)</li></ul></li> <li><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/wiki/confuit#la" title="confuit">confuit</a></bdi> (« avoir lieu, se produire »)</li> <li><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/wiki/desum#la" title="desum">dēsum</a></bdi> (« manquer, être de moins, négliger »)</li> <li><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/wiki/ens#la" title="ens">ens</a></bdi> (« étant, l’être »)</li> <li><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/wiki/entitas#la" title="entitas">entitas</a></bdi> (« entité »)</li> <li><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/wiki/essentia#la" title="essentia">essentĭa</a></bdi> (« essence »)</li> <li><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/wiki/essentialis#la" title="essentialis">essentiālis</a></bdi> (« essentiel »)</li> <li><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/wiki/essentialiter#la" title="essentialiter">essentĭālĭtĕr</a></bdi> (« essentiellement »)</li> <li><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/wiki/futo#la" title="futo">fŭto</a></bdi> (« être souvent »)</li> <li><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/wiki/futurus#la" title="futurus">fŭtūrus</a></bdi> (« futur »)</li> <li><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/wiki/insum#la" title="insum">īnsum</a></bdi> (« être dans »)</li> <li><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/wiki/intersum#la" title="intersum">intersum</a></bdi> (« être entre, être parmi »)</li> <li><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/wiki/obsum#la" title="obsum">obsum</a></bdi> (« être nuisible, faire obstacle »)</li> <li><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/wiki/possum#la" title="possum">possum</a></bdi> (« pouvoir »)</li> <li><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/wiki/praesum#la" title="praesum">praesum</a></bdi> (« être devant, primer »)</li> <li><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/w/index.php?title=praetersum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="praetersum (page inexistante)">praetersum</a></bdi> (« être étranger à, ne pas s'intéresser à »)</li> <li><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/wiki/prosum#la" title="prosum">prōsum</a></bdi> (« être utile »)</li> <li><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/wiki/subsum#la" title="subsum">subsum</a></bdi> (« être dessous, être près de »)</li> <li><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/wiki/supersum#la" title="supersum">supersum</a></bdi> (« rester, être en trop »)</li></ul> </div></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dérivés_dans_d’autres_langues"><span id="D.C3.A9riv.C3.A9s_dans_d.E2.80.99autres_langues"></span><span class="titrederal" title="">Dérivés dans d’autres langues</span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=42" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Dérivés dans d’autres langues"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Catalan : <a href="/wiki/ser#ca" title="ser">ser</a></li> <li>Espagnol : <a href="/wiki/ser#es" title="ser">ser</a></li> <li>Ancien français : <a href="/wiki/estre" title="estre">estre</a> (id.) <ul><li>Français : <a href="/wiki/%C3%AAtre#fr" title="être">être</a> (sauf l’infinitif, l'imparfait de l'indicatif et le participe)</li></ul></li> <li>Galicien : <a href="/wiki/ser#gl" title="ser">ser</a></li> <li>Italien : <a href="/wiki/essere#it" title="essere">essere</a></li> <li>Occitan : <a href="/wiki/%C3%A8sser#oc" title="èsser">èsser</a></li> <li>Portugais : <a href="/wiki/ser#pt" title="ser">ser</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anagrammes_3"><span class="titreanagr" title="">Anagrammes</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=43" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Anagrammes"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><bdi lang="la" class="lang-la"><a href="/wiki/mus#la" title="mus">mus</a></bdi></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Références_3"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences_3"></span><span class="titreref" title="">Références</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=44" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>« sum », dans <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Gaffiot" class="extiw" title="w:Félix Gaffiot">Félix Gaffiot</a>, <i>Dictionnaire latin français</i>, Hachette, 1934 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexilogos.com/latin/gaffiot.php?q=sum">→ consulter cet ouvrage</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Polonais"><span class="sectionlangue" id="pl"><a href="/wiki/polonais" title="polonais">Polonais</a></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=45" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Polonais"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Étymologie_6"><span id=".C3.89tymologie_6"></span><span class="titreetym" title="">Étymologie</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=46" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Étymologie"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Du vieux slave <i>somъ</i> qui donne aussi <bdi lang="ru" class="lang-ru"><a href="/wiki/%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC#ru" title="сом">сом</a></bdi>, <bdi lang="ru-Latn" class="lang-ru-Latn"><i>som</i></bdi> en russe.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nom_commun_6"><span class="titredef" id="pl-nom-1">Nom commun</span><span id="pl-nom" style="font-size:0;"> </span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=47" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Nom commun"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>sum</b> <a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/polonais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/polonais"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API">\sũm\</span></a> <span class="ligne-de-forme"><i>masculin animé</i></span> </p> <ol><li><span class="term" id="pl-poisson"><i>(<span class="texte">Ichtyologie</span>)</i></span> <a href="/wiki/silure#fr" title="silure">Silure</a>. <ul><li><span class="example"><i><a href="/wiki/Aide:Exemples" title="Aide:Exemples">Exemple d’utilisation</a> manquant.</i> <span class="plainlinks stubedit">(<a class="external text" href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit">Ajouter</a>)</span><bdi lang="pl" style="display: none"></bdi></span></li></ul></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voir_aussi_3"><span class="titrevoir" title="">Voir aussi</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=48" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/pl:sum" class="extiw" title="w:pl:sum"><span lang="pl" class="lang-pl"><bdi>sum</bdi></span></a> sur l’encyclopédie Wikipédia (en polonais) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/20px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/30px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tchèque"><span id="Tch.C3.A8que"></span><span class="sectionlangue" id="cs"><a href="/wiki/tch%C3%A8que" title="tchèque">Tchèque</a></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=49" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Tchèque"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forme_de_nom_commun"><span class="titredef" id="cs-flex-nom-1">Forme de nom commun</span><span id="cs-flex-nom" style="font-size:0;"> </span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=50" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Forme de nom commun"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>sum</b> <span title="Prononciation à préciser">\<small><span class="plainlinks stubedit"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit">Prononciation ?</a></span></small>\</span> </p> <ol><li><i>Génitif pluriel de</i> <bdi lang="cs" class="lang-cs"><a href="/wiki/suma#cs" title="suma">suma</a></bdi>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vurës"><span id="Vur.C3.ABs"></span><span class="sectionlangue" id="msn"><a href="/wiki/vur%C3%ABs" title="vurës">Vurës</a></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=51" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Vurës"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Étymologie_7"><span id=".C3.89tymologie_7"></span><span class="titreetym" title="">Étymologie</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=52" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Étymologie"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89tymologies" title="Aide:Étymologies"><i>Étymologie manquante ou incomplète</i></a>. Si vous la connaissez, vous pouvez l’ajouter <span class="plainlinks stubedit"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit">en cliquant ici</a></span>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verbe_3"><span class="titredef" id="msn-verb-1">Verbe</span><span id="msn-verb" style="font-size:0;"> </span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=53" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Verbe"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>sum</b> <a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation" title="Annexe:Prononciation"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API">\sym\</span></a> <span class="ligne-de-forme"><i><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Glossaire_grammatical#T" title="Annexe:Glossaire grammatical">transitif</a></i></span> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/boire#fr" title="boire">Boire</a>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Références_4"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences_4"></span><span class="titreref" title="">Références</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=sum&action=edit&section=54" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Catriona Malau, <i>Dictionary of Vurës</i>, 2011 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paradisec.org.au/vandicts/Vureslexicon/index-english/main.htm">→ consulter cet ouvrage</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Récupérée de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=sum&oldid=35731934">https://fr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=sum&oldid=35731934</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Cat%C3%A9gories" title="Spécial:Catégories">Catégories</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:fran%C3%A7ais" title="Catégorie:français">français</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Mots_en_fran%C3%A7ais_issus_d%E2%80%99un_mot_en_ouzbek" title="Catégorie:Mots en français issus d’un mot en ouzbek">Mots en français issus d’un mot en ouzbek</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Mots_en_fran%C3%A7ais_issus_d%E2%80%99un_mot_en_mongol" title="Catégorie:Mots en français issus d’un mot en mongol">Mots en français issus d’un mot en mongol</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Lemmes_en_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Catégorie:Lemmes en français">Lemmes en français</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Noms_communs_en_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Catégorie:Noms communs en français">Noms communs en français</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Termes_argotiques_en_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Catégorie:Termes argotiques en français">Termes argotiques en français</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Noms_ind%C3%A9nombrables_en_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Catégorie:Noms indénombrables en français">Noms indénombrables en français</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Exemples_en_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Catégorie:Exemples en français">Exemples en français</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Monnaies_en_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Catégorie:Monnaies en français">Monnaies en français</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:anglais" title="Catégorie:anglais">anglais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Mots_en_anglais_issus_d%E2%80%99un_mot_en_latin" title="Catégorie:Mots en anglais issus d’un mot en latin">Mots en anglais issus d’un mot en latin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Lemmes_en_anglais" title="Catégorie:Lemmes en anglais">Lemmes en anglais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Noms_communs_en_anglais" title="Catégorie:Noms communs en anglais">Noms communs en anglais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Verbes_en_anglais" title="Catégorie:Verbes en anglais">Verbes en anglais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Lexique_en_anglais_des_math%C3%A9matiques" title="Catégorie:Lexique en anglais des mathématiques">Lexique en anglais des mathématiques</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Exemples_en_anglais" title="Catégorie:Exemples en anglais">Exemples en anglais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:danois" title="Catégorie:danois">danois</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Mots_en_danois_issus_d%E2%80%99un_mot_en_latin" title="Catégorie:Mots en danois issus d’un mot en latin">Mots en danois issus d’un mot en latin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Noms_communs_en_danois" title="Catégorie:Noms communs en danois">Noms communs en danois</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:kotava" title="Catégorie:kotava">kotava</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Mots_en_kotava_constituant_une_racine_invent%C3%A9e_arbitrairement" title="Catégorie:Mots en kotava constituant une racine inventée arbitrairement">Mots en kotava constituant une racine inventée arbitrairement</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Noms_communs_en_kotava" title="Catégorie:Noms communs en kotava">Noms communs en kotava</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Noms_ind%C3%A9nombrables_en_kotava" title="Catégorie:Noms indénombrables en kotava">Noms indénombrables en kotava</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Pr%C3%A9positions_en_kotava" title="Catégorie:Prépositions en kotava">Prépositions en kotava</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Pr%C3%A9positions_locatives_en_kotava" title="Catégorie:Prépositions locatives en kotava">Prépositions locatives en kotava</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Mots_en_kotava_r%C3%A9pertori%C3%A9s_sur_Kotapedia" title="Catégorie:Mots en kotava répertoriés sur Kotapedia">Mots en kotava répertoriés sur Kotapedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:latin" title="Catégorie:latin">latin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Mots_en_latin_issus_d%E2%80%99un_mot_en_indo-europ%C3%A9en_commun" title="Catégorie:Mots en latin issus d’un mot en indo-européen commun">Mots en latin issus d’un mot en indo-européen commun</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:%C3%89tymologies_en_latin_incluant_une_reconstruction" title="Catégorie:Étymologies en latin incluant une reconstruction">Étymologies en latin incluant une reconstruction</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Suppl%C3%A9tions_en_latin" title="Catégorie:Supplétions en latin">Supplétions en latin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Lemmes_en_latin" title="Catégorie:Lemmes en latin">Lemmes en latin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Verbes_en_latin" title="Catégorie:Verbes en latin">Verbes en latin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Verbes_irr%C3%A9guliers_en_latin" title="Catégorie:Verbes irréguliers en latin">Verbes irréguliers en latin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Verbes_intransitifs_en_latin" title="Catégorie:Verbes intransitifs en latin">Verbes intransitifs en latin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Verbes_d%C3%A9fectifs_en_latin" title="Catégorie:Verbes défectifs en latin">Verbes défectifs en latin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Exemples_en_latin" title="Catégorie:Exemples en latin">Exemples en latin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:polonais" title="Catégorie:polonais">polonais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Mots_en_polonais_issus_d%E2%80%99un_mot_en_vieux_slave" title="Catégorie:Mots en polonais issus d’un mot en vieux slave">Mots en polonais issus d’un mot en vieux slave</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Noms_communs_en_polonais" title="Catégorie:Noms communs en polonais">Noms communs en polonais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Poissons_en_polonais" title="Catégorie:Poissons en polonais">Poissons en polonais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:tch%C3%A8que" title="Catégorie:tchèque">tchèque</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Formes_de_noms_communs_en_tch%C3%A8que" title="Catégorie:Formes de noms communs en tchèque">Formes de noms communs en tchèque</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:vur%C3%ABs" title="Catégorie:vurës">vurës</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Verbes_en_vur%C3%ABs" title="Catégorie:Verbes en vurës">Verbes en vurës</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Verbes_transitifs_en_vur%C3%ABs" title="Catégorie:Verbes transitifs en vurës">Verbes transitifs en vurës</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Traductions_en_anglais" title="Catégorie:Traductions en anglais">Traductions en anglais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Traductions_en_ouzbek" title="Catégorie:Traductions en ouzbek">Traductions en ouzbek</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Wiktionnaire:Prononciations_manquantes_en_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Catégorie:Wiktionnaire:Prononciations manquantes en français">Wiktionnaire:Prononciations manquantes en français</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Traductions_en_mongol" title="Catégorie:Traductions en mongol">Traductions en mongol</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Pages_li%C3%A9es_%C3%A0_Wikip%C3%A9dia_en_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Catégorie:Pages liées à Wikipédia en français">Pages liées à Wikipédia en français</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Prononciations_audio_en_anglais" title="Catégorie:Prononciations audio en anglais">Prononciations audio en anglais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Pages_li%C3%A9es_%C3%A0_Wikip%C3%A9dia_en_anglais" title="Catégorie:Pages liées à Wikipédia en 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