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<span>Programming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Programming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_1_on_longwave" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_1_on_longwave"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Europe 1 on longwave</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_1_on_longwave-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_identity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_identity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Visual identity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Visual_identity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Visual identity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Visual_identity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Logos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Logos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Logos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hosts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hosts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Hosts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hosts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hosts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hosts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Former_presenters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_presenters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Former presenters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_presenters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Former_journalists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_journalists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Former journalists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_journalists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_columnists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_columnists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Former columnists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_columnists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Europe 1</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe_1" title="Europe 1 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Europe 1" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe_1" title="Europe 1 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Europe 1" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe_1" title="Europe 1 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Europe 1" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE_%DB%B1" title="یورپ ۱ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یورپ ۱" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe_1" title="Europe 1 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Europe 1" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe_1" title="Europe 1 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Europe 1" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe_1" title="Europe 1 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Europe 1" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe_1" title="Europe 1 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Europe 1" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Radio station in Paris and Geneva</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250652533">.mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station .infobox-above{font-size:100%;background-color:#bfdfff;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station-embed-header .infobox-header{font-size:100%;background-color:#bfdfff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(0,0%,10%);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station-embed-header .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(210,100%,10%);color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station-infobox-header{background-color:hsl(0,0%,10%);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station-embed-header .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(210,100%,10%);color:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-radio-station"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Europe 1</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size ib-radio-station-logo" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe1_FLAT.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Europe1_FLAT.png/250px-Europe1_FLAT.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Europe1_FLAT.png/330px-Europe1_FLAT.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Europe1_FLAT.png/500px-Europe1_FLAT.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="368" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Broadcast area</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">Frequency</a></th><td class="infobox-data">104.7 <a href="/wiki/MHz" class="mw-redirect" title="MHz">MHz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>)<br /> 104.8 <a href="/wiki/MHz" class="mw-redirect" title="MHz">MHz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>) <br /> 104.6 <a href="/wiki/MHz" class="mw-redirect" title="MHz">MHz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>) <br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europe1.fr/frequences">Full list of frequencies in other areas</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Programming</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Radio_format" title="Radio format">Format</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">News and talk</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Ownership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_News" title="Lagardère News">Lagardère News</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Sister_station" title="Sister station">Sister stations</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Europe_2" title="Europe 2">Europe 2</a><br /><a href="/wiki/RFM_(French_radio_station)" title="RFM (French radio station)">RFM</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">First air date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 January 1955<span class="noprint">; 70 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1955-01-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former call signs</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Europe n° 1 (1955–1974)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Links</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europe1.fr">www<wbr />.europe1<wbr />.fr</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Europe 1</b>, (<i>Europe un</i>) formerly known as <b>Europe nº 1</b>, is a privately owned radio station created in 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was owned and operated by <a href="/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_News" title="Lagardère News">Lagardère News</a>, a subsidiary of the <a href="/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_Group" title="Lagardère Group">Lagardère Group</a>, it was one of the leading radio broadcasting stations in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and its programmes were received throughout the country. In January 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing populist">right-wing populist</a> media mogul <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Bollor%C3%A9" title="Vincent Bolloré">Vincent Bolloré</a> took over the station.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_1&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1955, to circumvent the prohibition of commercial broadcasting in France after the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, Europe n° 1 was established in the <a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a>, a German state that borders <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>. Transmissions were not legally authorised, however, until France's post-war administration of the Saarland ceased and sovereignty returned to <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> in 1957; so, during its first two years (1955–1957), under the direction of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebastian_Kralik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sebastian Kralik (page does not exist)">Sebastian Kralik</a>, who had defected from <a href="/wiki/Radio_Luxembourg_(English)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Luxembourg (English)">Radio Luxembourg</a>, Europe n° 1 was a <a href="/wiki/Pirate_radio" title="Pirate radio">pirate radio</a> station. In 1959 the French government bought part of the broadcasting corporation, and this interest was administered today by the <a href="/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_Group" title="Lagardère Group">Lagardère Group</a>. All programming has always been produced in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. For the few parts of France who can't receive the FM signal, <a href="/wiki/Longwave" title="Longwave">longwave</a> broadcast still exists : the programme feed is transferred over ISDN lines to the transmitting station situated on the territory of the villages of <a href="/wiki/Berus" title="Berus">Berus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Felsberg-Berus" class="mw-redirect" title="Felsberg-Berus">Felsberg</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. </p><p>From its beginning, Europe n°1's priorities were two-fold: first, news and cultural information with an emphasis on eyewitness accounts rather than an announcer with a script; second, shows aimed at establishing bonds with listeners, including plays, <a href="/wiki/Competition" title="Competition">contests</a>, informal talk, <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Street-level_bureaucracy" title="Street-level bureaucracy">street-level politics</a>. In both respects, it was a departure from radio formats of the day. </p><p>In the 1960s, Europe 1 pioneered a new tone in French radio. <a href="/wiki/Salut_les_copains_(radio_program)" title="Salut les copains (radio program)">Salut les copains</a> became an icon of popular culture and the <a href="/wiki/Baby_boom" title="Baby boom">baby boom</a> generation. Europe 1 played a role in the <a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 68</a> political crisis by being the principal source of information untainted by government sanction; it was nicknamed "barricade radio". In the 1970s, President <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Giscard d'Estaing</a> criticized its "mocking" tone. When the industrialist <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Lagard%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Luc Lagardère">Jean-Luc Lagardère</a> (mass media and military) became president of Europe 1 group, some feared the network might lose its independent point of view. </p><p>Europe 1 also became a supplementary active member of the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a> in 1978 and in 1982, an active member. </p><p>Since the 1980s, Europe 1 has experienced decreases in audience, and average age of listeners has steadily increased. Both can be traced to the proliferation of FM radio, after socialist President François Mitterrand made FM private radio legal in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1986, for equality, the regulation authorities gave FM frequencies to Europe 1 and other peripheral radios still emitting from outside France.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A network of Europe 1 FM transmitters was established within France. They later had to be shared with <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Radio (France)">Europe 2</a>. In the 1990s, Europe 1 became a news and talk network. <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Elkabbach" title="Jean-Pierre Elkabbach">Jean-Pierre Elkabbach</a> became president in 2005. He was dismissed by the CSA (Comité de Surveillance de l'Audiovisuel) after announcing the death of Pascal Sevran prematurely in June 2008 and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Bompard" title="Alexandre Bompard">Alexandre Bompard</a>, former Director of the Sports at <a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_(French_TV_channel)" title="Canal+ (French TV channel)">Canal+</a>. </p><p>In the 1990s, Europe 1 was France's fifth most popular network, with the other four being <a href="/wiki/RTL_(French_radio)" title="RTL (French radio)">RTL</a> (radio-television Luxembourg), <a href="/wiki/France_Inter" title="France Inter">France Inter</a> (state-owned, general), <a href="/wiki/NRJ" title="NRJ">NRJ</a> (music) and <a href="/wiki/France_Info" title="France Info">France Info</a> (state-owned, news). Then the right-wing media mogul <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Bollor%C3%A9" title="Vincent Bolloré">Vincent Bolloré</a> took over the station in January 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programming">Programming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_1&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Programming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over the last fifty years, the best-known programs on Europe 1 have included: 'Pour ceux qui aiment le jazz' ("For those who love jazz") hosted by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Filipacchi" title="Daniel Filipacchi">Daniel Filipacchi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franck_T%C3%A9not" class="mw-redirect" title="Franck Ténot">Franck Ténot</a>, 'Signé Furax' ("Signed, Furax", a comic adventure serial), 'Salut les copains' ("Hi, friends", a pop music programme), 'Campus' (book reviews, interviews with literary personalities, and chat about current events and culture), 'Vous êtes formidables' (a programme devoted to "demonstrations of solidarity"), 'Bonjour, monsieur le maire' (aimed at rural France), 'L'horoscope de Madame Soleil' (astrology), '<a href="/wiki/Top_50" class="mw-redirect" title="Top 50">Top 50</a>' (a reprise of the musical charts), and 'Le club de la presse' ("Press Club", political conversation). <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_(former)" title="BBC Radio 5 (former)">BBC Radio 5</a> had a translated version of Top 50 called Le Top (with Marc et La Mèche) from 1990 to 1994. </p><p>Noted journalists, presenters, and performers have included: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Topaloff" title="Patrick Topaloff">Patrick Topaloff</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Siegel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Siegel (page does not exist)">Maurice Siegel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Gorini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Gorini (page does not exist)">Jean Gorini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Arnaud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Arnaud (page does not exist)">André Arnaud</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Bouteiller_(presenter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Bouteiller (presenter) (page does not exist)">Pierre Bouteiller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bellemare" title="Pierre Bellemare">Pierre Bellemare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Blanche" title="Francis Blanche">Francis Blanche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Filipacchi" title="Daniel Filipacchi">Daniel Filipacchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_T%C3%A9not" title="Frank Ténot">Frank Ténot</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucien_Morisse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucien Morisse (page does not exist)">Lucien Morisse</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Willar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Willar (page does not exist)">Robert Willar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Simon_(presenter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Simon (presenter) (page does not exist)">Albert Simon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurent_Ferrari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laurent Ferrari (page does not exist)">Laurent Ferrari</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madame_Soleil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madame Soleil (page does not exist)">Madame Soleil</a>. Former is <a href="/wiki/Wendy_Bouchard" title="Wendy Bouchard">Wendy Bouchard</a>. She was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Ferrari" title="Laurence Ferrari">Laurence Ferrari</a> in 2014. </p><p>In June 2021, Vincent Bolloré, the then new owner of Europe 1, presented the new programming of Europe 1, which revealed an alignment of the station's programming with the news channel <a href="/wiki/CNews" title="CNews">CNews</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including a joint show presented by <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Ferrari" title="Laurence Ferrari">Laurence Ferrari</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-huffpost_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huffpost-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This announcement led to a <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strike</a> by the employees of Europe 1 expressing the concern that the station will lose its journalistic independence and become influenced by partisan politics.<sup id="cite_ref-huffpost_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huffpost-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under Bolloré's ownership, Europe 1 and other entities in his media empire have tilted towards the far-right. During the campaign for the <a href="/wiki/2024_French_legislative_election" title="2024 French legislative election">2024 French legislative election</a>, conspiratorial polemicist <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Hanouna" title="Cyril Hanouna">Cyril Hanouna</a> was invited to host two-hour daily radio show, <i>On marche sur la tête</i>, on Europe 1 in addition to hosting <i><a href="/wiki/Touche_pas_%C3%A0_mon_poste_!" title="Touche pas à mon poste !">Touche pas à mon poste !</a></i> on <a href="/wiki/C8_(French_TV_channel)" title="C8 (French TV channel)">C8</a>, half of whose viewers voted for the far-right in the European Parliament elections and during which he has made controversial statements leading to fines of €7.5 million.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Journalists interviewed by <a href="/wiki/France_Info_(TV_channel)" title="France Info (TV channel)">franceinfo</a> claimed that they were told to report on stories reflecting the official editorial line desired by Bolloré, including a particular focus on crimes committed by illegal immigrants and a ban on referring to the <a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">National Rally</a> or <a href="/wiki/Reconqu%C3%AAte" title="Reconquête">Reconquête</a> as far-right parties, while mandating that <a href="/wiki/La_France_Insoumise" title="La France Insoumise">La France Insoumise</a> be referred to as far-left.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two days after the launch of the show, the <a href="/wiki/Regulatory_Authority_for_Audiovisual_and_Digital_Communication" title="Regulatory Authority for Audiovisual and Digital Communication">Regulatory Authority for Audiovisual and Digital Communication</a> issued a first warning to Europe 1 for significantly overrepresenting far-right guests.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Europe_1_on_longwave">Europe 1 on longwave</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_1&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Europe 1 on longwave"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Europe 1 has been broadcast in France, from France, through a dense FM network since 1986, but the station was also broadcast on <a href="/wiki/Longwave" title="Longwave">longwave</a> by <a href="/wiki/Longwave_transmitter_Europe_1" title="Longwave transmitter Europe 1">Europe 1's longwave transmitter</a> until the end of 2019. The <a href="/wiki/Longwave" title="Longwave">longwave</a> feed was transmitted by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Europ%C3%A4ische_Rundfunk-_und_Fernseh-AG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europäische Rundfunk- und Fernseh-AG (page does not exist)">Europäische Rundfunk- und Fernseh-AG</a> (in English, European Radio and Television Company), broadcasting on <a href="/wiki/Longwave" title="Longwave">longwave</a> on 183 <a href="/wiki/KHz" class="mw-redirect" title="KHz">kHz</a> from <a href="/wiki/Longwave_transmitter_Europe_1" title="Longwave transmitter Europe 1">Felsberg</a> in the Saarland.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Car radios in France scanned in 3 kHz steps making it easy to tune 183 kHz. </p><p>For <a href="/wiki/Longwave" title="Longwave">longwave</a>, the Felsberg antenna system beamed Europe 1's signal southwestward towards France.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the easterly direction, transmissions were attenuated, so, in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, only a weak signal could be heard.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, because of a defect in the antenna system, only the <a href="/wiki/Carrier_frequency" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrier frequency">carrier frequency</a> was properly screened to the east; the sidebands suffered less attenuation, so that, in the east, sideband reception was adequate (especially if using an SSB receiver) but distorted.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Following the collapse of one mast in the four-mast <a href="/wiki/Phased_array" title="Phased array">phased array</a> on 8 October 2012, the two-mast reserve antenna was used, resulting in a reduced signal in parts of France but a stronger and undistorted signal in northern Europe and the British Isles.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Carrier frequencies on the longwave band are assigned as integer multiples of nine kHz ranging from 153 to 279 kHz. However, the Europe 1 transmitter's frequency, 183 kHz, was offset from the usual nine kHz multiples established under the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_wave_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva wave plan">Geneva Plan</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>For <a href="/wiki/Longwave" title="Longwave">longwave</a>, in Felsberg, the four guyed antenna masts which were erected in 1954 and 1955 average 277 metres in height. The building where the transmitters were housed is an architecturally unusual, prestressed-concrete construction that needs no internal supporting columns. It has been designated an architectural monument by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and is a protected structure. </p><p>It was reported on 23 December 2019<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that an email from <a href="/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_Active" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagardère Active">Lagardère Active</a> had confirmed that the <a href="/wiki/Longwave" title="Longwave">longwave</a> service of Europe 1 would cease transmission at midnight <a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a> on 1 January 2020. In the event, Europe 1 <a href="/wiki/Longwave" title="Longwave">longwave</a> transmission ceased on 31 December 2019 at 23:30 <a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visual_identity">Visual identity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_1&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Visual identity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Logos">Logos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_1&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Logos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_Europe1_1955.png" class="mw-file-description" title="First old logo of Europe 1 from 1955 until 1965."><img alt="First old logo of Europe 1 from 1955 until 1965." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3c/Logo_Europe1_1955.png/120px-Logo_Europe1_1955.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3c/Logo_Europe1_1955.png/250px-Logo_Europe1_1955.png 1.5x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="212" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">First old logo of Europe 1 from 1955 until 1965.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_Europe1_1965.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Old logo of Europe 1 from 1965 until 2001."><img alt="Old logo of Europe 1 from 1965 until 2001." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/aa/Logo_Europe1_1965.png/120px-Logo_Europe1_1965.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/aa/Logo_Europe1_1965.png/250px-Logo_Europe1_1965.png 1.5x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="143" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Old logo of Europe 1 from 1965 until 2001.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_Europe1_2001.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Old logo of Europe 1 from 2001 until 2005."><img alt="Old logo of Europe 1 from 2001 until 2005." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3e/Logo_Europe1_2001.png/120px-Logo_Europe1_2001.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3e/Logo_Europe1_2001.png/180px-Logo_Europe1_2001.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3e/Logo_Europe1_2001.png 2x" data-file-width="229" data-file-height="65" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Old logo of Europe 1 from 2001 until 2005.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_Europe1_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Old logo of Europe 1 from 2005 until 2010."><img alt="Old logo of Europe 1 from 2005 until 2010." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a7/Logo_Europe1_2005.jpg/120px-Logo_Europe1_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a7/Logo_Europe1_2005.jpg/250px-Logo_Europe1_2005.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Old logo of Europe 1 from 2005 until 2010.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_1_logo_(2010).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Old logo of Europe 2010 until 2022."><img alt="Old logo of Europe 2010 until 2022." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Europe_1_logo_%282010%29.svg/120px-Europe_1_logo_%282010%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Europe_1_logo_%282010%29.svg/250px-Europe_1_logo_%282010%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="327" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Old logo of Europe 2010 until 2022.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe1_FLAT.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The logo of Europe 1 since 1 September 2022."><img alt="The logo of Europe 1 since 1 September 2022." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Europe1_FLAT.png/120px-Europe1_FLAT.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Europe1_FLAT.png/250px-Europe1_FLAT.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="368" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The logo of Europe 1 since 1 September 2022.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hosts">Hosts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_1&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hosts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fanny_Agostini" title="Fanny Agostini">Fanny Agostini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Bern" title="Stéphane Bern">Stéphane Bern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Bouchard" title="Wendy Bouchard">Wendy Bouchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Bugier" title="Julian Bugier">Julian Bugier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Canteloup" title="Nicolas Canteloup">Nicolas Canteloup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benoit_Clair" class="mw-redirect" title="Benoit Clair">Benoit Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Denisot" title="Michel Denisot">Michel Denisot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Duhamel" title="Olivier Duhamel">Olivier Duhamel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Hondelatte" title="Christophe Hondelatte">Christophe Hondelatte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gis_Le_Sommier" title="Régis Le Sommier">Régis Le Sommier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Mabrouk" title="Sonia Mabrouk">Sonia Mabrouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Nay" title="Catherine Nay">Catherine Nay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Roumanoff" title="Anne Roumanoff">Anne Roumanoff</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_presenters">Former presenters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_1&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Former presenters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikos_Aliagas" title="Nikos Aliagas">Nikos Aliagas</a> (2011–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_(TV_presenter)" title="Arthur (TV presenter)">Arthur</a> <small>(1992–1996)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Baffie" title="Laurent Baffie">Laurent Baffie</a> <small>(2007–2011)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bellemare" title="Pierre Bellemare">Pierre Bellemare</a> (1955–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Biraud" title="Maurice Biraud">Maurice Biraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustine_Bollaert" title="Faustine Bollaert">Faustine Bollaert</a> (2004–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Brogniart" title="Denis Brogniart">Denis Brogniart</a> <small>(1991–2006)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphn%C3%A9_B%C3%BCrki" title="Daphné Bürki">Daphné Bürki</a> (2017–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Castaldi" title="Benjamin Castaldi">Benjamin Castaldi</a> (2000–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coluche" title="Coluche">Coluche</a> <small>(1978-1979 then 1985-1986)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Delarue" title="Jean-Luc Delarue">Jean-Luc Delarue</a> <small>(1987–1995)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Delp%C3%A9rier" title="Alexandre Delpérier">Alexandre Delpérier</a> <small>(2008–2010)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Drucker" title="Michel Drucker">Michel Drucker</a> (1983-1987 then 2008-2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franck_Ferrand" title="Franck Ferrand">Franck Ferrand</a> (2003–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Filipacchi" title="Daniel Filipacchi">Daniel Filipacchi</a> <small>(1955–1968)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Olivier_Fogiel" title="Marc-Olivier Fogiel">Marc-Olivier Fogiel</a> <small>(2008–2011)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Hanouna" title="Cyril Hanouna">Cyril Hanouna</a> <small>(2013–2016)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Jeanpierre" title="Christian Jeanpierre">Christian Jeanpierre</a> <small>(2006–2008)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Martin" title="Julia Martin">Julia Martin</a> (2006–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Morin" title="Christian Morin">Christian Morin</a> <small>(1972–1987)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagui" title="Nagui">Nagui</a> <small>(2009–2011)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Rouland" title="Jacques Rouland">Jacques Rouland</a> (1978–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Rovelli" title="Willy Rovelli">Willy Rovelli</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ruiz" title="Alexandre Ruiz">Alexandre Ruiz</a> <small>(2008–2011)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Ruquier" title="Laurent Ruquier">Laurent Ruquier</a> <small>(1999–2014) </small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Saccomano" title="Eugène Saccomano">Eugène Saccomano</a> <small>(1996–2001)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandra_Sublet" title="Alessandra Sublet">Alessandra Sublet</a> (2014–2015, 2016-2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Tadde%C3%AF" title="Frédéric Taddeï">Frédéric Taddeï</a> <small>(2005–2011)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_T%C3%A9not" title="Frank Ténot">Frank Ténot</a> <small>(1955–1968)</small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Former_journalists">Former journalists</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_1&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Former journalists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Abiker" title="David Abiker">David Abiker</a> (2010–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Calvi" title="Yves Calvi">Yves Calvi</a> <small>(1996–2005)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aymeric_Caron" title="Aymeric Caron">Aymeric Caron</a> <small>(2009–2011)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlette_Chabot" title="Arlette Chabot">Arlette Chabot</a> (2011–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Coppens" title="Yves Coppens">Yves Coppens</a> (Summer 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Cormery" title="Antoine Cormery">Antoine Cormery</a> <small>(1991)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Dassier" title="Jean-Claude Dassier">Jean-Claude Dassier</a> (1968–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Demorand" title="Nicolas Demorand">Nicolas Demorand</a> <small>(2010–2011)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Drucker" title="Marie Drucker">Marie Drucker</a> <small>(2008–2010)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Durand" title="Guillaume Durand">Guillaume Durand</a> <small>(1978–1987, 1999-2004, 2007–2008)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Duquesne" title="Benoît Duquesne">Benoît Duquesne</a> <small>(1982-1988 then 2007-2008)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Elkabbach" title="Jean-Pierre Elkabbach">Jean-Pierre Elkabbach</a> (1981–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapha%C3%ABl_Enthoven" title="Raphaël Enthoven">Raphaël Enthoven</a> (2015–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Field" title="Michel Field">Michel Field</a> (1995–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Leva%C3%AF" title="Ivan Levaï">Ivan Levaï</a> (1972–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Levy" title="Nathalie Levy">Nathalie Levy</a> (2019–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Morandini" title="Jean-Marc Morandini">Jean-Marc Morandini</a> <small>(2003–2016)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Mougeotte" title="Étienne Mougeotte">Étienne Mougeotte</a> <small>(1968 puis 1974 - 1981)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9raldine_Muhlmann" title="Géraldine Muhlmann">Géraldine Muhlmann</a> (2017–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natacha_Polony" title="Natacha Polony">Natacha Polony</a> (2012–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Saccomano" title="Eugène Saccomano">Eugène Saccomano</a> <small>(1970–2001)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Sinclair" title="Anne Sinclair">Anne Sinclair</a> (2014–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Vincent" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Vincent">Benjamin Vincent</a> <small>(2003–2009)</small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Former_columnists">Former columnists</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_1&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Former columnists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fabrice_d%27Almeida" title="Fabrice d'Almeida">Fabrice d'Almeida</a> (2018–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bellemare" title="Pierre Bellemare">Pierre Bellemare</a> (2013–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_B%C3%A9na%C3%AFm" title="Valérie Bénaïm">Valérie Bénaïm</a> (2013–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Cohn-Bendit" title="Daniel Cohn-Bendit">Daniel Cohn-Bendit</a> (2013–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Commandeur" title="Jérôme Commandeur">Jérôme Commandeur</a> (2010–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Debr%C3%A9" title="Jean-Louis Debré">Jean-Louis Debré</a> (2016–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadia_Daam" title="Nadia Daam">Nadia Daam</a> (2017–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estelle_Denis" title="Estelle Denis">Estelle Denis</a> (2015–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Ekland" title="Louise Ekland">Louise Ekland</a> (2016–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Foucault" title="Jean-Pierre Foucault">Jean-Pierre Foucault</a> (2014–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my_Michalak" title="Jérémy Michalak">Jérémy Michalak</a> (2004–2014, 2016-2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didier_Roustan" title="Didier Roustan">Didier Roustan</a> (2017–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Vignali" title="Julia Vignali">Julia Vignali</a> (2016–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Wizman" title="Ariel Wizman">Ariel Wizman</a> (2017–2018)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_1&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lepoint.fr/medias/europe-1-fete-ses-60-ans-et-cherche-un-nouveau-souffle-02-02-2015-1901723_260.php">"Europe 1 fête ses 60 ans et cherche un nouveau souffle"</a>. <i>Le Point</i> (in French). 2 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Point&rft.atitle=Europe+1+f%C3%AAte+ses+60+ans+et+cherche+un+nouveau+souffle&rft.date=2015-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Fmedias%2Feurope-1-fete-ses-60-ans-et-cherche-un-nouveau-souffle-02-02-2015-1901723_260.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurope+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.challenges.fr/media/radio-le-virage-editorial-de-bollore-a-europe-1-nenraye-pas-la-chute-des-audiences_796648">"Radio: Bolloré n'enraye pas la chute des audiences à Europe 1"</a>. 14 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Radio%3A+Bollor%C3%A9+n%27enraye+pas+la+chute+des+audiences+%C3%A0+Europe+1&rft.date=2022-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.challenges.fr%2Fmedia%2Fradio-le-virage-editorial-de-bollore-a-europe-1-nenraye-pas-la-chute-des-audiences_796648&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurope+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/le-choix-de-la-redaction-13-14/30-ans-apres-la-liberalisation-des-ondes-francaises-que">"30 ans après la libéralisation des ondes françaises, que reste-il des radios libres ?"</a>. <i>France Culture</i>. 10 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+Culture&rft.atitle=30+ans+apr%C3%A8s+la+lib%C3%A9ralisation+des+ondes+fran%C3%A7aises%2C+que+reste-il+des+radios+libres+%3F&rft.date=2011-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.franceculture.fr%2Femissions%2Fle-choix-de-la-redaction-13-14%2F30-ans-apres-la-liberalisation-des-ondes-francaises-que&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurope+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schoop.fr/histos/europe1.php">"La mémoire de la FM > Histoire des radios"</a>. <i>SchooP</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SchooP&rft.atitle=La+m%C3%A9moire+de+la+FM+%3E+Histoire+des+radios&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.schoop.fr%2Fhistos%2Feurope1.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurope+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDurel2021" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Durel, Lionel (22 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.24matins.fr/europe-1-matthieu-belliard-quitte-la-station-laurence-ferrari-et-agathe-lecaron-arrivent-1307445">"Europe 1: Matthieu Belliard quitte la station, Laurence Ferrari et Agathe Lecaron arrivent"</a> [Europe 1: Matthieu Belliard leaves the station, Laurence Ferrari and Agathe Lecaron join]. <i>24matins.fr</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Cyril+Hanouna+va+animer+une+%C3%A9mission+quotidienne+sur+les+l%C3%A9gislatives+sur+Europe+1%2C+m%C3%A9dia+de+Vincent+Bollor%C3%A9&rft.date=2024-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Factualite-medias%2Farticle%2F2024%2F06%2F15%2Flegislatives-2024-cyril-hanouna-va-animer-une-emission-quotidienne-sur-europe-1-pendant-la-campagne_6240169_3236.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurope+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRousseaux2024" class="citation news cs1">Rousseaux, François (14 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telerama.fr/debats-reportages/dans-les-medias-de-bollore-l-extreme-droite-vit-sa-meilleure-semaine-7020868.php">"Dans les médias de Bolloré, l'extrême droite vit sa meilleure semaine"</a>. <i>Télérama</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=franceinfo&rft.atitle=%22On+a+vraiment+l%27impression+d%27enterrer+la+radio%22+%3A+%C3%A0+Europe+1%2C+malaise+autour+de+la+nouvelle+%C3%A9mission+de+Cyril+Hanouna&rft.date=2024-06-24&rft.aulast=Pair&rft.aufirst=St%C3%A9phane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Fculture%2Ftv%2Fcyril-hanouna%2Fenquete-franceinfo-on-a-vraiment-l-impression-d-enterrer-la-radio-a-europe-1-malaise-autour-de-la-nouvelle-emission-de-cyril-hanouna_6622839.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurope+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSallé2024" class="citation news cs1">Sallé, Caroline (27 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/pluralisme-politique-europe-1-mise-en-demeure-par-l-arcom-20240627">"Pluralisme politique : Europe 1 mise en demeure par l'Arcom"</a>. <i>Le Figaro</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Pluralisme+politique+%3A+Europe+1+mise+en+demeure+par+l%E2%80%99Arcom&rft.date=2024-06-27&rft.aulast=Sall%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fflash-eco%2Fpluralisme-politique-europe-1-mise-en-demeure-par-l-arcom-20240627&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurope+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200220221503/http://mediumwave.info/news.html">"Ydun's Medium Wave Info"</a>. <i>Ydun's Medium Wave Info</i>. 23 December 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mediumwave.info/news.html">the original</a> on 20 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_European_Broadcasting_Union111" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Template:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Template talk:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_European_Broadcasting_Union111" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARD_(broadcaster)" title="ARD (broadcaster)">ARD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayerischer_Rundfunk" title="Bayerischer Rundfunk">BR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutschlandradio" title="Deutschlandradio">DLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">DW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessischer_Rundfunk" title="Hessischer Rundfunk">HR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitteldeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk">MDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norddeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Norddeutscher Rundfunk">NDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Bremen" title="Radio Bremen">RB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundfunk_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg">RBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarl%C3%A4ndischer_Rundfunk" title="Saarländischer Rundfunk">SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCdwestrundfunk" title="Südwestrundfunk">SWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westdeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Westdeutscher Rundfunk">WDR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_of_Armenia" title="Public Radio of Armenia">ARMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Television_Company_of_Armenia" title="Public Television Company of Armenia">ARMTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">Arte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Radio and Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina">BHRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Radio" title="Bulgarian National Radio">BNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Television" title="Bulgarian National Television">BNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Radio" title="Czech Radio">ČRo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Television" title="Czech Television">ČT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation">CyBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DR_(broadcaster)" title="DR (broadcaster)">DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Algeria" title="Radio Algeria">ENRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Establishment_of_Television" title="Public Establishment of Television">EPTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Rahvusringh%C3%A4%C3%A4ling" title="Eesti Rahvusringhääling">ERR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Raadio" title="Eesti Raadio">ER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Televisioon" title="Eesti Televisioon">ETV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_100,7" title="Radio 100,7">ERSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation">ERT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Radio" title="Hellenic Radio">ERA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Public_Broadcaster" title="Georgian Public Broadcaster">GPB</a></li> <li>GRF <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_M%C3%A9dias_Monde" title="France Médias Monde">FMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9visions" title="France Télévisions">FTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_France" title="Radio France">RF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radiotelevision" title="Croatian Radiotelevision">HRT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radio" title="Croatian Radio">HR</a></li></ul></li> <li>İCTI <ul><li>İR</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ctimai_Television" title="İctimai Television">İTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Jordan Radio and Television Corporation">JRTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Public_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation">KAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_National_Channel" title="Libya National Channel">LNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">LRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_of_Latvia" title="Public Broadcasting of Latvia">LSM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvijas_Radio" title="Latvijas Radio">LR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Television" title="Latvian Television">LTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_Media_Diffusion" title="Monaco Media Diffusion">MMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Radio_Television" title="Macedonian Radio Television">MRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTVA_(Hungary)" class="mw-redirect" title="MTVA (Hungary)">MTVA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duna_M%C3%A9dia" title="Duna Média">Duna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Publieke_Omroep_(organisation)" title="Nederlandse Publieke Omroep (organisation)">NPO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AVROTROS" title="AVROTROS">AVROTROS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNNVARA" title="BNNVARA">BNNVARA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelische_Omroep" title="Evangelische Omroep">EO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistische_Omroep" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanistische Omroep">HUMAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRO-NCRV" title="KRO-NCRV">KRO-NCRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_MAX" title="Omroep MAX">MAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Omroep_Stichting" title="Nederlandse Omroep Stichting">NOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_NTR" title="Omroep NTR">NTR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ongehoord_Nederland" title="Ongehoord Nederland">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowNed" title="PowNed">PowNed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stichting_Ether_Reclame" class="mw-redirect" title="Stichting Ether Reclame">Ster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPRO" title="VPRO">VPRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNL_(broadcaster)" title="WNL (broadcaster)">WNL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_Zwart" title="Omroep Zwart">Zwart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NRK" title="NRK">NRK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Media_Authority" title="National Media Authority">NTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORF_(broadcaster)" title="ORF (broadcaster)">ORF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Services" title="Public Broadcasting Services">PBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polskie_Radio" title="Polskie Radio">PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAI" title="RAI">RAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company">ROR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTBF" title="RTBF">RTBF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Montenegro" title="Radio and Television of Montenegro">RTCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTL_Group" title="RTL Group">RTL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_e_Televis%C3%A3o_de_Portugal" title="Rádio e Televisão de Portugal">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Serbia" title="Radio Television of Serbia">RTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTSH" title="RTSH">RTSH</a></li> <li>RTT <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Tunisienne" title="Radio Tunisienne">RT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Tunisienne" title="Télévision Tunisienne">TT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Andorra" title="Radio and Television of Andorra">RTVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVE" title="RTVE">RTVE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Radio Nacional de España">RNE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Televisión Española">TVE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelevizija_Slovenija" title="Radiotelevizija Slovenija">RTVSLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%9AV" title="RÚV">RÚV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino_RTV" title="San Marino RTV">SMRTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNRT" title="SNRT">SNRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Swiss Broadcasting Corporation">SRG SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_Management_for_SR,_SVT,_and_UR" title="Foundation Management for SR, SVT, and UR">SRT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Radio" title="Sveriges Radio">SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Television" title="Sveriges Television">SVT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Educational_Broadcasting_Company" title="Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company">UR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Television_and_Radio" title="Slovak Television and Radio">STVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspilne" title="Suspilne">SU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9diffusion_d%27Alg%C3%A9rie" title="Télédiffusion d'Algérie">TDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TG4" title="TG4">TG4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9_Liban" title="Télé Liban">TL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleradio-Moldova" title="Teleradio-Moldova">TRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Turkish Radio and Television Corporation">TRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVMonaco" title="TVMonaco">TVM</a> <i><abbr title="Monaco">(MC)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_2_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV 2 (Denmark)">TV 2</a> <i><abbr title="Denmark">(DK)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_2_Group" title="TV 2 Group">TV 2</a> <i><abbr title="Norway">(NO)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telewizja_Polska" title="Telewizja Polska">TVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVR_(TV_network)" title="TVR (TV network)">TVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independent_Broadcasting" title="United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting">UKIB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">C4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Group" title="STV Group">STV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VRT_(broadcaster)" title="VRT (broadcaster)">VRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZDF" title="ZDF">ZDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Suspended</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belteleradio" title="Belteleradio">BTRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel One Russia">C1R</a></li> <li>RDO <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Mayak" title="Radio Mayak">MK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Orpheus" title="Radio Orpheus">OP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Russia_State_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company">VGTRK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antena_3_Radio" title="Antena 3 Radio">A3R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_(French_TV_channel)" title="Canal+ (French TV channel)">C+</a></li> <li>C1O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadena_COPE" title="Cadena COPE">COPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiocentre" title="Radiocentre">CRCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Television#1953–1992:_Czechoslovak_Television" title="Czech Television">ČST</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERTT" title="ERTT">ERTT</a></li> <li>GRMC <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RMC_(France)" title="RMC (France)">RMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMC_(TV_channel)" title="TMC (TV channel)">TMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Independent Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a> <i><abbr title="United Kingdom">(GB)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Israel Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a> <i><abbr title="Israel">(IL)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Television_Authority" title="Independent Television Authority">ITA</a></li> <li>ITCA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Radio_Television" title="Yugoslav Radio Television">JRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Jamahiriya_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Libyan Jamahiriya Broadcasting Corporation">LJBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Malta" title="Television in Malta">MBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_R%C3%A1di%C3%B3" title="Magyar Rádió">MR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV3" title="MTV3">MTV</a> <i><abbr title="Finland">(FI)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_Telev%C3%ADzi%C3%B3" title="Magyar Televízió">MTV</a> <i><abbr title="Hungary">(HU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hellenic_Radio,_Internet_and_Television" title="New Hellenic Radio, Internet and Television">NERIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Radio_Union" title="Dutch Radio Union">NRU</a></li> <li>OFRT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_de_Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française">ORTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française">RTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Slovakia" title="Radio and Television of Slovakia">RTVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadena_SER" title="Cadena SER">SER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%BD_rozhlas" title="Slovenský rozhlas">SRo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%A1_telev%C3%ADzia" title="Slovenská televízia">STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDF_Group" title="TDF Group">TDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TF1" title="TF1">TF1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La7" title="La7">TMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV4_(Swedish_TV_channel)" title="TV4 (Swedish TV channel)">TV4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udru%C5%BEenje_javnih_radija_i_televizija" title="Udruženje javnih radija i televizija">UJRT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate<br /> members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">ABC</a> <i><abbr title="Australia">(AU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> <i><abbr title="United States">(US)</abbr></i></li> <li>ACORAB</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Media" title="American Public Media">APM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_13_(Chilean_TV_network)" title="Canal 13 (Chilean TV network)">C13</a> <i><abbr title="Chile">(CL)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC/SRC</a> <i><abbr title="Canada">(CA)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">CMG</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television">CCTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">CGTN</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Radio" title="China National Radio">CNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International">CRI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Padre_Anchieta" title="Fundação Padre Anchieta">FPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeTV_Australia" title="FreeTV Australia">Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Institute_of_Radio_and_Television" title="Cuban Institute of Radio and Television">ICRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Broadcasting" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting">IRIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabar_Agency" title="Khabar Agency">KA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Broadcasting_System" title="Korean Broadcasting System">KBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="Mauritius">(MU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Television" title="Bangladesh Television">NBAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="United States">(US)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Organization_of_Radio_and_TV_(Syria)" title="General Organization of Radio and TV (Syria)">ORTAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Oman_Television" title="Sultanate of Oman Television">PART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustavi_2" title="Rustavi 2">RB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">RNZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">RTHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Televisyen_Malaysia" title="Radio Televisyen Malaysia">RTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">SBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Media_Group" title="Shanghai Media Group">SMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBS_Holdings" title="TBS Holdings">TBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imedi_Media_Holding" title="Imedi Media Holding">TEME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVNZ" title="TVNZ">TVNZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFMT" title="WFMT">WFMT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teleamazonas" title="Teleamazonas">4TA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABERT" title="ABERT">ABERT</a></li> <li>AFMN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">AIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="América Televisión">AMÉRICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Asahi" title="TV Asahi">ANB</a></li> <li>ATEC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Television" title="Asia Television">ATV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNS-TV" title="ZNS-TV">BCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_P%C3%BAblica" title="Televisión Pública">C7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teledoce" title="Teledoce">C12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Trece" title="El Trece">C13</a> <i><abbr title="Argentina">(AR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> <i><abbr title="Barbados">(BB)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> <i><abbr title="Sri Lanka">(LK)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azteca_Uno" title="Azteca Uno">CMRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">CPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di%C3%A1rios_Associados" title="Diários Associados">DA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">EBC</a></li> <li>EMI</li> <li>EURT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_Television" title="Fuji Television">FTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Ghana Broadcasting Corporation">GBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Communications_Network,_Guyana" title="National Communications Network, Guyana">GBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Globo" title="TV Globo">GLOBO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambia_Radio_%26_Television_Service" title="Gambia Radio & Television Service">GRTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Broadcasting_Bureau" title="International Broadcasting Bureau">IBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inravisi%C3%B3n" title="Inravisión">IRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation">JBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeem_TV" title="Jeem TV">JCC</a></li> <li>IBTE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Television" title="Kuwait Television">KBTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaallit_Nunaata_Radioa" title="Kalaallit Nunaata Radioa">KNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia_Broadcasting_System" title="Liberia Broadcasting System">LBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Malawi Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="Malawi">(MW)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munhwa_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="South Korea">(KR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainichi_Broadcasting_System" title="Mainichi Broadcasting System">MBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Public_Radio" title="Minnesota Public Radio">MPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Consortium" title="Japan Consortium">NACB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Educational_Broadcasters" title="National Association of Educational Broadcasters">NAEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Radio_Corporation_of_Nigeria" title="Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="Nigeria">(NG)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Broadcasting_Corporation_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="National Broadcasting Corporation of Papua New Guinea">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="Papua New Guinea">(PNG)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Television" title="National Educational Television">NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Nippon TV">NTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Television" title="Nepal Television">NTVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Radio" title="New York Public Radio">NYPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Radio_and_Television_of_Niger" title="Office of Radio and Television of Niger">ORTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamericana_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Panamericana Televisión">PANTEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation">PBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Television_Corporation" title="Pakistan Television Corporation">PTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Radio" title="Qatar Radio">QR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Television" title="Qatar Television">QTBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Caracas_Radio" title="Radio Caracas Radio">RCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCTV" title="RCTV">RCTV</a></li> <li>RD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rede_de_Emissoras_Independentes" title="Rede de Emissoras Independentes">REI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_Nacional" title="Rádio Nacional">RN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_Nationale_Tchadienne" title="Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne">RNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Pakistan" title="Radio Pakistan">RP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Republik_Indonesia" title="Radio Republik Indonesia">RRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Congolaise" title="Radiodiffusion Télévision Congolaise">RTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Gabonaise" title="Radio Télévision Gabonaise">RTG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_Television_Ivoirienne" title="Radiodiffusion Television Ivoirienne">RTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Malagasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Télévision Malagasy">RTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_S%C3%A9n%C3%A9galaise" title="Radiodiffusion Télévision Sénégalaise">RTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_du_Burkina" title="Radio Télévision du Burkina">RTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC" title="SABC">SABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Saudi Broadcasting Authority">SABTVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation">SLBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_TV" title="Sudan TV">STS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latina_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Latina Televisión">T2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation">TBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Independiente_de_M%C3%A9xico#1968-70:_Telecadena_Mexicana" title="Televisión Independiente de México">TCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_FM" title="Tokyo FM">TFM/JOAU-FM</a></li> <li>TH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Independiente_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Televisión Independiente de México">TIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_Life_Television" title="Time Life Television">TIME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesistema_Mexicano" title="Telesistema Mexicano">TSM</a></li> <li>TSN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisa" title="Televisa">TVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVB" title="TVB">TVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_of_Mauritania" title="Television of Mauritania">TVM</a> <i><abbr title="Mauritania">(MR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_Chile" title="Televisión Nacional de Chile">TVN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVRI" title="TVRI">TVRI</a></li> <li>UAERTVD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Information_Agency" title="United States Information Agency">USIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Kenya Broadcasting Corporation">VK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezolana_de_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Venezolana de Televisión">VV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_nationale_congolaise" title="Radio-Télévision nationale congolaise">VZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WGBH_Educational_Foundation" title="WGBH Educational Foundation">WGBH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation">ZBC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Approved<br />participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalunya_R%C3%A0dio" title="Catalunya Ràdio">CAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellnex" title="Cellnex">Cellnex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_l%27audiovisuel" title="Institut national de l'audiovisuel">INA</a></li> <li>JPMRD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Vojvodina" title="Radio Television of Vojvodina">RTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV5Monde" title="TV5Monde">TV5Monde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abertis" title="Abertis">Abertis</a></li> <li>AH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Educational_Television" title="Israeli Educational Television">IETV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBC_Group" title="MBC Group">MEBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retevisi%C3%B3n" title="Retevisión">RETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Network" title="Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network">RTRN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentech" title="Sentech">SNTC</a></li> <li>URTI</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Louis_Hachette_Group265" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Louis_Hachette_Group" title="Template:Louis Hachette Group"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Louis_Hachette_Group" title="Template talk:Louis Hachette Group"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Louis_Hachette_Group" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Louis Hachette Group"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Louis_Hachette_Group265" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Hachette_Group" title="Louis Hachette Group">Louis Hachette Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_Group" title="Lagardère Group">Lagardère</a> (66.53%)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_Publishing" title="Lagardère Publishing">Lagardère<br />Publishing</a> /<br /><a href="/wiki/Hachette_Livre" title="Hachette Livre">Hachette Livre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Colin" title="Armand Colin">Armand Colin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calmann-L%C3%A9vy" title="Calmann-Lévy">Calmann-Lévy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalloz" title="Dalloz">Dalloz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edelsa" title="Edelsa">Edelsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayard" title="Fayard">Fayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautier-Languereau" title="Gautier-Languereau">Gautier-Languereau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Grasset" title="Éditions Grasset">Grasset</a></li> <li>Hachette</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatier" title="Hatier">Hatier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Larousse" title="Éditions Larousse">Larousse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Livre_de_Poche" title="Le Livre de Poche">Librairie Générale Française</a> (80%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JC_Latt%C3%A8s" title="JC Lattès">JC Lattès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pika_%C3%89dition" class="mw-redirect" title="Pika Édition">Pika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_(publishing_house)" title="Stock (publishing house)">Stock</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hachette_Book_Group" title="Hachette Book Group">Hachette<br />Book Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Publishing" title="Grand Central Publishing">Grand Central</a></li> <li>Hachette Nashville <ul><li>Center Street</li> <li>FaithWords</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little,_Brown_and_Company" title="Little, Brown and Company">Little, Brown</a> <ul><li>Little, Brown Spark</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulholland_Books" title="Mulholland Books">Mulholland Books</a></li> <li>Voracious</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbit_Books" title="Orbit Books">Orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseus_Books_Group" title="Perseus Books Group">Perseus</a> <ul><li>Avalon Travel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seal_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal Press">Seal Press</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachette_Books" title="Hachette Books">Hachette Books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Da_Capo_Press" title="Da Capo Press">Da Capo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PublicAffairs" title="PublicAffairs">PublicAffairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running_Press" title="Running Press">Running Press</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Dog_%26_Leventhal_Publishers" title="Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers">Black Dog & Leventhal</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yen_Press" title="Yen Press">Yen</a> (49%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hachette_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachette UK">Hachette UK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hachette Children's <ul><li>Orchard Books<sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Franklin Watts<sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Wayland</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headline_Publishing_Group" title="Headline Publishing Group">Headline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodder_%26_Stoughton" title="Hodder & Stoughton">Hodder & Stoughton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronet_Books" title="Coronet Books">Coronet</a></li> <li>Sceptre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Kite" title="Yellow Kite">Yellow Kite</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hodder Education <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galore_Park" title="Galore Park">Galore Park</a></li> <li>Gibson</li> <li>Philip Allan Updates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teach_Yourself" title="Teach Yourself">Teach Yourself</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(publishing_house)" title="John Murray (publishing house)">John Murray</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hodder_Faith" title="Hodder Faith">Hodder Faith</a></li> <li>John Murray Learning <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chambers_(publisher)" title="Chambers (publisher)">Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Thomas" title="Michel Thomas">Michel Thomas Method</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Roads" title="Two Roads">Two Roads</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little,_Brown_Book_Group" title="Little, Brown Book Group">Little, Brown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constable_%26_Robinson" title="Constable & Robinson">Constable & Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulholland_Books_(UK)" title="Mulholland Books (UK)">Mulholland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbit_Books" title="Orbit Books">Orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virago_Press" title="Virago Press">Virago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_Books" title="Sphere Books">Sphere</a></li></ul></li> <li>Octopus <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassell_(publisher)" title="Cassell (publisher)">Cassell Illustrated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conran_Octopus" title="Conran Octopus">Conran Octopus</a></li> <li>Gaia</li> <li>Godsfield</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamlyn_(publisher)" title="Hamlyn (publisher)">Hamlyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Beazley" title="Mitchell Beazley">Mitchell Beazley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Philip_(cartographer)" title="George Philip (cartographer)">Philip's</a></li> <li>Spruce</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Publishing_Group" title="Orion Publishing Group">Orion Books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weidenfeld_%26_Nicolson" title="Weidenfeld & Nicolson">Weidenfeld & Nicolson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Gollancz_Ltd" title="Victor Gollancz Ltd">Gollancz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quercus_(publisher)" title="Quercus (publisher)">Quercus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookouture" title="Bookouture">Bookouture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachette_India" title="Hachette India">Hachette India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_News" title="Lagardère News">Lagardère<br />News</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hachette_Filipacchi_M%C3%A9dias" title="Hachette Filipacchi Médias">Hachette<br />Filipacchi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Elle_(magazine)" title="Elle (magazine)">Elle</a></i> (brand)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Journal_du_Dimanche" title="Le Journal du Dimanche">Le Journal du Dimanche</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV & Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delta_radio" title="Delta radio">Delta Radio</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Europe 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacaranda_FM" title="Jacaranda FM">Jacaranda FM</a> (20%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_ZET" title="Radio ZET">Radio ZET</a> (part owner)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_World_Radio" title="One World Radio">VIBE FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_2" title="Europe 2">Europe 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFM_(French_radio_station)" title="RFM (French radio station)">RFM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lagardère<br />Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_Live_Entertainment" title="Lagardère Live Entertainment">Lagardère Live Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachette_Distribution_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachette Distribution Services">HDS Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewsLink" title="NewsLink">LS Travel Retail Asia Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradies_Lagard%C3%A8re" title="Paradies Lagardère">Paradies Lagardère</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prisma Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Femme_Actuelle" title="Femme Actuelle">Femme Actuelle</a></i></li> <li><i>Télé-Loisirs</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prima_(magazine)" title="Prima (magazine)">Prima</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voici" title="Voici">Voici</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geo_(magazine)" title="Geo (magazine)">Geo (France)</a></i></li> <li><i>Ça m'Intéresse</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic (France)</a></i></li> <li><i>Neon</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capital_(French_magazine)" title="Capital (French magazine)">Capital</a></i></li> <li><i>Management</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_Review" title="Harvard Business Review">Harvard Business Review France</a></i></li> <li>Simone</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/VSD_(French_magazine)" title="VSD (French magazine)">VSD</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> Louis Hachette Group (via Lagardère SA) owns these brands in the United Kingdom only. These brands are owned by <a href="/wiki/Scholastic_Corporation" title="Scholastic Corporation">Scholastic Corporation</a> in the United States.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Radio_stations_in_France352" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Radio_stations_in_France" title="Template:Radio stations in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Radio_stations_in_France" title="Template talk:Radio stations in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Radio_stations_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Radio stations in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Radio_stations_in_France352" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Radio stations in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Radio_France" title="Radio France">Radio France</a> (public)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_Inter" title="France Inter">France Inter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_Info_(radio_network)" title="France Info (radio network)">France Info</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ici_(radio_network)" title="Ici (radio network)">ici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_Culture" title="France Culture">France Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_Musique" title="France Musique">France Musique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIP_(radio_station)" title="FIP (radio station)">FIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouv%27" title="Mouv'">Mouv'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outre-Mer_1%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Outre-Mer 1ère">Outre-Mer 1ère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_France_Internationale" title="Radio France Internationale">RFI</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Radio.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Radio"><img alt="Radio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Radio.svg/80px-Radio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Radio.svg/120px-Radio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Radio.svg/160px-Radio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a><figcaption>Radio</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Espace_Group" title="Espace Group">Espace Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rations" title="Générations">Générations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Radio" title="Jazz Radio">Jazz Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M_Radio" title="M Radio">M Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Espace" title="Radio Espace">Radio Espace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Radio (France)">Virgin Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/HPI_Groupe" title="HPI Groupe">HPI Groupe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chante_France" title="Chante France">Chante France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vasion_FM" title="Évasion FM">Évasion FM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ISA_Media_Development" title="ISA Media Development">ISA Media Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_ISA" title="Radio ISA">Radio ISA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_News" title="Lagardère News">Lagardère Radio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Europe 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFM_(French_radio_station)" title="RFM (French radio station)">RFM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_2" title="Europe 2">Europe 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Les_Ind%C3%A9s_Radios" title="Les Indés Radios">Les Indés Radios</a> (<a href="/wiki/Groupement_d%27int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt_%C3%A9conomique" title="Groupement d'intérêt économique">GIE</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordanne_FM" title="Jordanne FM">Jordanne FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Alfa" title="Radio Alfa">Radio Alfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Dreyeckland" title="Radio Dreyeckland">Radio Dreyeckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Orient" title="Radio Orient">Radio Orient</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/RMC_BFM" title="RMC BFM">RMC BFM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BFM_Business" title="BFM Business">BFM Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFM_TV" title="BFM TV">BFM Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMC_(France)" title="RMC (France)">RMC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nova_Press" title="Nova Press">Nova Press</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Nova_(France)" title="Radio Nova (France)">Radio Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSF_Jazz" title="TSF Jazz">TSF Jazz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NRJ_Group" title="NRJ Group">NRJ Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9rie_FM" title="Chérie FM">Chérie FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nostalgie" title="Nostalgie">Nostalgie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NRJ" title="NRJ">NRJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rire_%26_Chansons" title="Rire & Chansons">Rire & Chansons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_M6" title="Groupe M6">Groupe M6</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fun_Radio_(France)" title="Fun Radio (France)">Fun Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTL_(French_radio)" title="RTL (French radio)">RTL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTL2_(France)" title="RTL2 (France)">RTL 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_1981" title="Groupe 1981">Groupe 1981</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/O%C3%BCi_FM" title="Oüi FM">Oüi FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibration_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vibration (radio)">Vibration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wit_FM" title="Wit FM">Wit FM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltage_(radio)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voltage (radio) (page does not exist)">Voltage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackBox_(radio_station)" title="BlackBox (radio station)">BlackBox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ado_FM" title="Ado FM">Ado FM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latina_(radio)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latina (radio) (page does not exist)">Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forum_(radio)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forum (radio) (page does not exist)">Forum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beur_FM" title="Beur FM">Beur FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Classique" title="Radio Classique">Radio Classique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Courtoisie" title="Radio Courtoisie">Radio Courtoisie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_FG" title="Radio FG">Radio FG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyrock_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skyrock (radio)">Skyrock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_BIP" title="Radio BIP">Radio BIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Libertaire" title="Radio Libertaire">Radio Libertaire</a></li> <li>Radio Soleil</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_France" title="List of radio stations in France">List of radio stations in France</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q314407#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata982" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q314407#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata982" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q314407#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/266277817">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4287379-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n91036906">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11868354m">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11868354m">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007261089905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/label/bc0e94c1-7c21-45b3-97be-4c57428d1002">MusicBrainz label</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Europe_1&oldid=1271770300">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Europe_1&oldid=1271770300</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Category:European Broadcasting Union members">European Broadcasting Union members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_pirate_radio_stations" title="Category:Former pirate radio stations">Former pirate radio stations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Longwave_radio_stations" title="Category:Longwave 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