Git - Setting Up the Server

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="it"> <head> <meta charset='utf-8'> <meta content='IE=edge,chrome=1' http-equiv='X-UA-Compatible'> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Git - Setting Up the Server</title> <link href="/favicon.ico" rel='shortcut icon' type='image/x-icon'> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/application.min.css"> <script src="/js/modernizr.js"></script> <script src="/js/modernize.js"></script> </head> <body id="documentation"> <div class="inner"> <header> <a href="/"><img src="/images/logo@2x.png" width="110" height="46" alt="Git" /></a> <span id="tagline"></span> <script type="text/javascript"> const taglines = [ "fast-version-control", "everything-is-local", "distributed-even-if-your-workflow-isnt", "local-branching-on-the-cheap", "distributed-is-the-new-centralized" ]; var tagline = taglines[Math.floor(Math.random() * taglines.length)]; document.getElementById('tagline').innerHTML = '--' + tagline; </script> <form id="search" 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<p> Full translation available in <table> <tr><td><a href="/book/az/v2/Server%e2%80%99d%c9%99-Git-Server-qurmaq">azərbaycan dili</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/bg/v2/GitHub-%d0%a3%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b2%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%b5-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b3%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%b7%d0%b0%d1%86%d0%b8%d1%8f">български език</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/de/v2/Git-auf-dem-Server-Einrichten-des-Servers">Deutsch</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/es/v2/Git-en-el-Servidor-Configurando-el-servidor">Español</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/fr/v2/Git-sur-le-serveur-Mise-en-place-du-serveur">Français</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/gr">Ελληνικά</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/ja/v2/Git%e3%82%b5%e3%83%bc%e3%83%90%e3%83%bc-%e3%82%b5%e3%83%bc%e3%83%90%e3%83%bc%e3%81%ae%e3%82%bb%e3%83%83%e3%83%88%e3%82%a2%e3%83%83%e3%83%97">日本語</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/ko/v2/Git-%ec%84%9c%eb%b2%84-%ec%84%9c%eb%b2%84-%ec%84%a4%ec%a0%95%ed%95%98%ea%b8%b0">한국어</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/nl/v2/Git-op-de-server-De-server-opzetten">Nederlands</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/ru/v2/Git-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b5-%d0%9d%d0%b0%d1%81%d1%82%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b8%d0%b2%d0%b0%d0%b5%d0%bc-%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80">Русский</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/sl/v2/Git-na-stre%c5%beniku-Nastavitev-stre%c5%benika">Slovenščina</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/tl/v2/Git-sa-Server-Pag-Setup-ng-Server">Tagalog</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/uk/v2/Git-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d1%96-%d0%9d%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%88%d1%82%d1%83%d0%b2%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%bd%d1%8f-%d0%a1%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d1%83">Українська</a></td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/zh/v2/%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e4%b8%8a%e7%9a%84-Git-%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8">简体中文</a>,</td></tr> </table> </p> <p> Partial translations available in <table> <tr><td><a href="/book/cs/v2/Git-na-serveru-Nastaven%c3%ad-serveru">Čeština</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/mk/v2/Git-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%a1%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80-%d0%9f%d0%be%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%b2%d1%83%d0%b2%d0%b0%d1%9a%d0%b5-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%be%d1%82">Македонски</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/pl/v2/Git-na-serwerze-Konfigurowanie-serwera">Polski</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/sr/v2/%d0%93%d0%b8%d1%82-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d1%83-%d0%9f%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b5%d1%88%d0%b0%d0%b2%d0%b0%d1%9a%d0%b5-%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b0">Српски</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b4%d0%b0-Setting-Up-the-Server">Ўзбекча</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/zh-tw/v2/%e4%bc%ba%e6%9c%8d%e5%99%a8%e4%b8%8a%e7%9a%84-Git-%e8%a8%ad%e5%ae%9a%e4%bc%ba%e6%9c%8d%e5%99%a8">繁體中文</a>,</td></tr> </table> </p> <p> Translations started for <table> <tr><td><a href="/book/be/v2/Git-on-the-Server-Setting-Up-the-Server">Беларуская</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/fa/v2/%da%af%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c-%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d8%b5%d8%a8-%d9%88-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%e2%80%8c%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c-%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1" dir="rtl">فارسی</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/id/v2/Git-di-Server-Setting-Up-the-Server">Indonesian</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/it/v2/Git-on-the-Server-Setting-Up-the-Server">Italiano</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/ms/v2/Git-on-the-Server-Setting-Up-the-Server">Bahasa Melayu</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/pt-br/v2/Git-no-servidor-Setting-Up-the-Server">Português (Brasil)</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/pt-pt/v2/Git-no-Servidor-Setting-Up-the-Server">Português (Portugal)</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/sv/v2/Git-p%c3%a5-servern-Konvigurera-servern">Svenska</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/tr/v2/Bir-Sunucuda-Git-Kurma-Sunucu-Kurma">Türkçe</a>.</td></tr> </table> </p> <hr class="sidebar"/> <p> The source of this book is <a href="https://github.com/progit/progit2-it">hosted on GitHub.</a></br> Patches, suggestions and comments are welcome. </p> </nav> </aside> <div id="content"> <div id="book-chapters"> <a class="dropdown-trigger" id="book-chapters-trigger" data-panel-id="chapters-dropdown" href="#">Chapters ▾</a> <div class='dropdown-panel' id='chapters-dropdown'> <div class='three-column'> <div class="column-left"> <ol class='book-toc'> <li class='chapter'> <h2>1. <a href="/book/it/v2/Per-Iniziare-Il-Controllo-di-Versione">Per Iniziare</a></h2> <ol> <li> 1.1 <a href="/book/it/v2/Per-Iniziare-Il-Controllo-di-Versione">Il Controllo di Versione</a> </li> <li> 1.2 <a href="/book/it/v2/Per-Iniziare-Una-Breve-Storia-di-Git">Una Breve Storia di Git</a> </li> <li> 1.3 <a href="/book/it/v2/Per-Iniziare-Cos%e2%80%99%c3%a9-Git%3F">Cos’é Git?</a> </li> <li> 1.4 <a href="/book/it/v2/Per-Iniziare-La-riga-di-comando">La riga di comando</a> </li> <li> 1.5 <a href="/book/it/v2/Per-Iniziare-Installing-Git">Installing Git</a> </li> <li> 1.6 <a href="/book/it/v2/Per-Iniziare-First-Time-Git-Setup">First-Time Git Setup</a> </li> <li> 1.7 <a href="/book/it/v2/Per-Iniziare-Chiedere-aiuto">Chiedere aiuto</a> </li> <li> 1.8 <a href="/book/it/v2/Per-Iniziare-Sommario">Sommario</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>2. <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Basics-Getting-a-Git-Repository">Git Basics</a></h2> <ol> <li> 2.1 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Basics-Getting-a-Git-Repository">Getting a Git Repository</a> </li> <li> 2.2 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Basics-Recording-Changes-to-the-Repository">Recording Changes to the Repository</a> </li> <li> 2.3 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Basics-Viewing-the-Commit-History">Viewing the Commit History</a> </li> <li> 2.4 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Basics-Undoing-Things">Undoing Things</a> </li> <li> 2.5 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Basics-Working-with-Remotes">Working with Remotes</a> </li> <li> 2.6 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Basics-Tagging">Tagging</a> </li> <li> 2.7 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Basics-Git-Aliases">Git Aliases</a> </li> <li> 2.8 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Basics-Sommario">Sommario</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>3. <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Branching-Branches-in-a-Nutshell">Git Branching</a></h2> <ol> <li> 3.1 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Branching-Branches-in-a-Nutshell">Branches in a Nutshell</a> </li> <li> 3.2 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Branching-Basic-Branching-and-Merging">Basic Branching and Merging</a> </li> <li> 3.3 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Branching-Branch-Management">Branch Management</a> </li> <li> 3.4 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Branching-Branching-Workflows">Branching Workflows</a> </li> <li> 3.5 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Branching-Remote-Branches">Remote Branches</a> </li> <li> 3.6 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">Rebasing</a> </li> <li> 3.7 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Branching-Summary">Summary</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>4. <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-on-the-Server-The-Protocols">Git on the Server</a></h2> <ol> <li> 4.1 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-on-the-Server-The-Protocols">The Protocols</a> </li> <li> 4.2 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-on-the-Server-Getting-Git-on-a-Server">Getting Git on a Server</a> </li> <li> 4.3 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-on-the-Server-Generating-Your-SSH-Public-Key">Generating Your SSH Public Key</a> </li> <li> 4.4 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-on-the-Server-Setting-Up-the-Server" class="active">Setting Up the Server</a> </li> <li> 4.5 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-on-the-Server-Git-Daemon">Git Daemon</a> </li> <li> 4.6 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-on-the-Server-Smart-HTTP">Smart HTTP</a> </li> <li> 4.7 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-on-the-Server-GitWeb">GitWeb</a> </li> <li> 4.8 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-on-the-Server-GitLab">GitLab</a> </li> <li> 4.9 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-on-the-Server-Third-Party-Hosted-Options">Third Party Hosted Options</a> </li> <li> 4.10 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-on-the-Server-Summary">Summary</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>5. <a href="/book/it/v2/Distributed-Git-Distributed-Workflows">Distributed Git</a></h2> <ol> <li> 5.1 <a href="/book/it/v2/Distributed-Git-Distributed-Workflows">Distributed Workflows</a> </li> <li> 5.2 <a href="/book/it/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project">Contributing to a Project</a> </li> <li> 5.3 <a href="/book/it/v2/Distributed-Git-Maintaining-a-Project">Maintaining a Project</a> </li> <li> 5.4 <a href="/book/it/v2/Distributed-Git-Summary">Summary</a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> </div> <div class='column-middle'> <ol class='book-toc'> <li class='chapter'> <h2>6. <a href="/book/it/v2/GitHub-Account-Setup-and-Configuration">GitHub</a></h2> <ol> <li> 6.1 <a href="/book/it/v2/GitHub-Account-Setup-and-Configuration">Account Setup and Configuration</a> </li> <li> 6.2 <a href="/book/it/v2/GitHub-Contributing-to-a-Project">Contributing to a Project</a> </li> <li> 6.3 <a href="/book/it/v2/GitHub-Maintaining-a-Project">Maintaining a Project</a> </li> <li> 6.4 <a href="/book/it/v2/GitHub-Managing-an-organization">Managing an organization</a> </li> <li> 6.5 <a href="/book/it/v2/GitHub-Scripting-GitHub">Scripting GitHub</a> </li> <li> 6.6 <a href="/book/it/v2/GitHub-Summary">Summary</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>7. <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Tools-Revision-Selection">Git Tools</a></h2> <ol> <li> 7.1 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Tools-Revision-Selection">Revision Selection</a> </li> <li> 7.2 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Tools-Interactive-Staging">Interactive Staging</a> </li> <li> 7.3 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Tools-Stashing-and-Cleaning">Stashing and Cleaning</a> </li> <li> 7.4 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Tools-Signing-Your-Work">Signing Your Work</a> </li> <li> 7.5 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Tools-Searching">Searching</a> </li> <li> 7.6 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Tools-Rewriting-History">Rewriting History</a> </li> <li> 7.7 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Tools-Reset-Demystified">Reset Demystified</a> </li> <li> 7.8 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Tools-Advanced-Merging">Advanced Merging</a> </li> <li> 7.9 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Tools-Rerere">Rerere</a> </li> <li> 7.10 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Tools-Debugging-with-Git">Debugging with Git</a> </li> <li> 7.11 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Tools-Submodules">Submodules</a> </li> <li> 7.12 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Tools-Bundling">Bundling</a> </li> <li> 7.13 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Tools-Replace">Replace</a> </li> <li> 7.14 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Tools-Credential-Storage">Credential Storage</a> </li> <li> 7.15 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Tools-Summary">Summary</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>8. <a href="/book/it/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Configuration">Customizing Git</a></h2> <ol> <li> 8.1 <a href="/book/it/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Configuration">Git Configuration</a> </li> <li> 8.2 <a href="/book/it/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Attributes">Git Attributes</a> </li> <li> 8.3 <a href="/book/it/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Hooks">Git Hooks</a> </li> <li> 8.4 <a href="/book/it/v2/Customizing-Git-An-Example-Git-Enforced-Policy">An Example Git-Enforced Policy</a> </li> <li> 8.5 <a href="/book/it/v2/Customizing-Git-Summary">Summary</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>9. <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-and-Other-Systems-Git-as-a-Client">Git and Other Systems</a></h2> <ol> <li> 9.1 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-and-Other-Systems-Git-as-a-Client">Git as a Client</a> </li> <li> 9.2 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-and-Other-Systems-Migrating-to-Git">Migrating to Git</a> </li> <li> 9.3 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-and-Other-Systems-Summary">Summary</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>10. <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Internals-Plumbing-and-Porcelain">Git Internals</a></h2> <ol> <li> 10.1 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Internals-Plumbing-and-Porcelain">Plumbing and Porcelain</a> </li> <li> 10.2 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Internals-Git-Objects">Git Objects</a> </li> <li> 10.3 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Internals-Git-References">Git References</a> </li> <li> 10.4 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Internals-Packfiles">Packfiles</a> </li> <li> 10.5 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Internals-The-Refspec">The Refspec</a> </li> <li> 10.6 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Internals-Transfer-Protocols">Transfer Protocols</a> </li> <li> 10.7 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Internals-Maintenance-and-Data-Recovery">Maintenance and Data Recovery</a> </li> <li> 10.8 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Internals-Environment-Variables">Environment Variables</a> </li> <li> 10.9 <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Internals-Summary">Summary</a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> </div> <div class='column-right'> <ol class='book-toc'> <li class='chapter'> <h2>A1. <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-A:-Git-in-altri-contesti-Graphical-Interfaces">Appendice A: Git in altri contesti</a></h2> <ol> <li> A1.1 <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-A:-Git-in-altri-contesti-Graphical-Interfaces">Graphical Interfaces</a> </li> <li> A1.2 <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-A:-Git-in-altri-contesti-Git-in-Visual-Studio">Git in Visual Studio</a> </li> <li> A1.3 <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-A:-Git-in-altri-contesti-Git-in-Eclipse">Git in Eclipse</a> </li> <li> A1.4 <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-A:-Git-in-altri-contesti-Git-in-Bash">Git in Bash</a> </li> <li> A1.5 <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-A:-Git-in-altri-contesti-Git-in-Zsh">Git in Zsh</a> </li> <li> A1.6 <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-A:-Git-in-altri-contesti-Git-in-Powershell">Git in Powershell</a> </li> <li> A1.7 <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-A:-Git-in-altri-contesti-Riassunto">Riassunto</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>A2. <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-Command-line-Git">Appendice B: Embedding Git in your Applications</a></h2> <ol> <li> A2.1 <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-Command-line-Git">Command-line Git</a> </li> <li> A2.2 <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-Libgit2">Libgit2</a> </li> <li> A2.3 <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-JGit">JGit</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>A3. <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-C:-Git-Commands-Setup-and-Config">Appendice C: Git Commands</a></h2> <ol> <li> A3.1 <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-C:-Git-Commands-Setup-and-Config">Setup and Config</a> </li> <li> A3.2 <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-C:-Git-Commands-Getting-and-Creating-Projects">Getting and Creating Projects</a> </li> <li> A3.3 <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-C:-Git-Commands-Basic-Snapshotting">Basic Snapshotting</a> </li> <li> A3.4 <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-C:-Git-Commands-Branching-and-Merging">Branching and Merging</a> </li> <li> A3.5 <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-C:-Git-Commands-Sharing-and-Updating-Projects">Sharing and Updating Projects</a> </li> <li> A3.6 <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-C:-Git-Commands-Inspection-and-Comparison">Inspection and Comparison</a> </li> <li> A3.7 <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-C:-Git-Commands-Debugging">Debugging</a> </li> <li> A3.8 <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-C:-Git-Commands-Patching">Patching</a> </li> <li> A3.9 <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-C:-Git-Commands-Email">Email</a> </li> <li> A3.10 <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-C:-Git-Commands-External-Systems">External Systems</a> </li> <li> A3.11 <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-C:-Git-Commands-Administration">Administration</a> </li> <li> A3.12 <a href="/book/it/v2/Appendice-C:-Git-Commands-Plumbing-Commands">Plumbing Commands</a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> <span class="light" id="edition"> 2nd Edition </span> </div> <div id="main" data-pagefind-filter="category:book" data-pagefind-meta="category:Book" data-pagefind-weight="0.05" data-pagefind-body class="book edition2"> <h1>4.4 Git on the Server - Setting Up the Server</h1> <div> <h2 id="r_setting_up_server">Setting Up the Server</h2> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Let’s walk through setting up SSH access on the server side. In this example, you’ll use the <code>authorized_keys</code> method for authenticating your users. We also assume you’re running a standard Linux distribution like Ubuntu. First, you create a <em>git</em> user and a <code>.ssh</code> directory for that user.</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ sudo adduser git $ su git $ cd $ mkdir .ssh && chmod 700 .ssh $ touch .ssh/authorized_keys && chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Next, you need to add some developer SSH public keys to the <code>authorized_keys</code> file for the <code>git</code> user. Let’s assume you have some trusted public keys and have saved them to temporary files. Again, the public keys look something like this:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ cat /tmp/id_rsa.john.pub ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCB007n/ww+ouN4gSLKssMxXnBOvf9LGt4L ojG6rs6hPB09j9R/T17/x4lhJA0F3FR1rP6kYBRsWj2aThGw6HXLm9/5zytK6Ztg3RPKK+4k Yjh6541NYsnEAZuXz0jTTyAUfrtU3Z5E003C4oxOj6H0rfIF1kKI9MAQLMdpGW1GYEIgS9Ez Sdfd8AcCIicTDWbqLAcU4UpkaX8KyGlLwsNuuGztobF8m72ALC/nLF6JLtPofwFBlgc+myiv O7TCUSBdLQlgMVOFq1I2uPWQOkOWQAHukEOmfjy2jctxSDBQ220ymjaNsHT4kgtZg2AYYgPq dAv8JggJICUvax2T9va5 gsg-keypair</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>You just append them to the <code>git</code> user’s <code>authorized_keys</code> file in its <code>.ssh</code> directory:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ cat /tmp/id_rsa.john.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys $ cat /tmp/id_rsa.josie.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys $ cat /tmp/id_rsa.jessica.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Now, you can set up an empty repository for them by running <code>git init</code> with the <code>--bare</code> option, which initializes the repository without a working directory:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ cd /opt/git $ mkdir project.git $ cd project.git $ git init --bare Initialized empty Git repository in /opt/git/project.git/</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Then, John, Josie, or Jessica can push the first version of their project into that repository by adding it as a remote and pushing up a branch. Note that someone must shell onto the machine and create a bare repository every time you want to add a project. Let’s use <code>gitserver</code> as the hostname of the server on which you’ve set up your <em>git</em> user and repository. If you’re running it internally, and you set up DNS for <code>gitserver</code> to point to that server, then you can use the commands pretty much as is (assuming that <code>myproject</code> is an existing project with files in it):</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console"># on Johns computer $ cd myproject $ git init $ git add . $ git commit -m 'initial commit' $ git remote add origin git@gitserver:/opt/git/project.git $ git push origin master</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>At this point, the others can clone it down and push changes back up just as easily:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git clone git@gitserver:/opt/git/project.git $ cd project $ vim README $ git commit -am 'fix for the README file' $ git push origin master</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>With this method, you can quickly get a read/write Git server up and running for a handful of developers.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>You should note that currently all these users can also log into the server and get a shell as the “git” user. If you want to restrict that, you will have to change the shell to something else in the <code>passwd</code> file.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>You can easily restrict the <em>git</em> user to only doing Git activities with a limited shell tool called <code>git-shell</code> that comes with Git. If you set this as your <em>git</em> user’s login shell, then the <em>git</em> user can’t have normal shell access to your server. To use this, specify <code>git-shell</code> instead of bash or csh for your user’s login shell. To do so, you must first add <code>git-shell</code> to <code>/etc/shells</code> if it’s not already there:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ cat /etc/shells # see if `git-shell` is already in there. If not... $ which git-shell # make sure git-shell is installed on your system. $ sudo vim /etc/shells # and add the path to git-shell from last command</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Now you can edit the shell for a user using <code>chsh <username></code>:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ sudo chsh git # and enter the path to git-shell, usually: /usr/bin/git-shell</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Now, the <em>git</em> user can only use the SSH connection to push and pull Git repositories and can’t shell onto the machine. If you try, you’ll see a login rejection like this:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ ssh git@gitserver fatal: Interactive git shell is not enabled. hint: ~/git-shell-commands should exist and have read and execute access. Connection to gitserver closed.</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Now Git network commands will still work just fine but the users won’t be able to get a shell. As the output states, you can also set up a directory in the “git” user’s home directory that customizes the <code>git-shell</code> command a bit. For instance, you can restrict the Git commands that the server will accept or you can customize the message that users see if they try to SSH in like that. Run <code>git help shell</code> for more information on customizing the shell.</p> </div> <div id="nav"><a href="/book/it/v2/Git-on-the-Server-Generating-Your-SSH-Public-Key">prev</a> | <a href="/book/it/v2/Git-on-the-Server-Git-Daemon">next</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer> <div class="site-source"> <a href="/site">About this site</a><br> Patches, suggestions, and comments are welcome. </div> <div class="sfc-member"> Git is a member of <a href="/sfc">Software Freedom Conservancy</a> </div> </footer> <a href="#top" class="no-js scrollToTop" id="scrollToTop" data-label="Scroll to top"> <img src="/images/icons/chevron-up@2x.png" width="20" height="20" alt="scroll-to-top"/> </a> <script src="/js/jquery-1.7.1.min.js"></script> <script src="/js/jquery-ui-1.8.18.custom.min.js"></script> <script src="/js/jquery.defaultvalue.js"></script> <script src="/js/session.min.js"></script> <script src="/js/application.min.js"></script> </div> </body> </html>

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Git - Setting Up the Server