ALMA - Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array

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Heckmann </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/committees.html"> ESO's Governing Bodies </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/"> Member States <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-16" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/austrianinvolvement/"> Austria </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/belgianinvolvement/"> Belgium </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/czechinvolvement/"> Czech Republic </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/danishinvolvement/"> 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href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/garching/"> Travel to ESO Headquarters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/vitacura/"> Travel to Vitacura Office </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/guesthouse/"> Travel to Guesthouse </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/lasilla/"> Travel to La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/laserena/"> Travel to La Serena </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/paranal/"> Travel to Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/antofagasta/"> Travel to Antofagasta </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/apexsequitor/"> Travel to APEX/Sequitor </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/chajnantor/"> Travel to Chajnantor </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/elt/"> Travel to ELT Armazones </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/"> Visits to ESO Sites <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-44" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/paranal/"> Weekend visits to Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/lasilla/"> Weekend Visits to La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/alma/"> Public Visits to the ALMA 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href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/eso-and-chile/"> ESO & Chile </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/"> Dark skies preservation </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/privacy/"> Terms and Conditions </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/images/">Images<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-65" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/images/search/"> Advanced Search </a></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Categories <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa 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href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2009/"> 2009 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2008/"> 2008 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2007/"> 2007 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/top100/"> Top 100 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-108" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/top100-large.zip"> Large JPG Zip File (1.9 GB) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/top100-original.zip"> Original TIF Zip File (32.9 GB) </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/copyright/"> Usage of ESO Images and Videos </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/wallpapers/"> Wallpapers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/zoomable/"> Zoomable </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/">Videos<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-114" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/search/"> Advanced Search </a></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Categories <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa 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class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/paranal/"> Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/premises/"> Premises </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/blackholes/"> Quasars and Black Holes </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/solarsystem/"> Solar System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/starclusters/"> Star Clusters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/stars/"> Stars </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/vnr/"> Video News Releases </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/copyright/"> Usage of ESO Videos and Images </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/videoformats/"> Video Formats </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/news/">News<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-141" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/news/"> Press Releases <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-142" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 2021-2030 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul 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class="level1 current"> <ul id="submenu-aim-244" class="submenu-aim selected current current-leaf"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/"> Paranal Observatory <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-245" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/"> Very Large Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-246" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/"> VLT Instruments <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-247" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/4lgsf/"> 4LGSF </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/amber/"> AMBER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/crires/"> CRIRES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/espresso/"> ESPRESSO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/eris/"> ERIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/flames/"> FLAMES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/fors/"> FORS1 and FORS2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/gravity/"> GRAVITY </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/hawk-i/"> HAWK-I </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/isaac/"> ISAAC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/kmos/"> KMOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/mad/"> MAD </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/matisse/"> MATISSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/midi/"> MIDI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/moons/"> MOONS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/muse/"> MUSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naco/"> NACO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naomi/"> NAOMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/pionier/"> PIONIER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sinfoni/"> SINFONI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sphere/"> SPHERE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/uves/"> UVES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/"> VIMOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/visir/"> VISIR </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/x-shooter/"> X-shooter </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vtl-test-cameras/"> VLT Test Cameras </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vinci/"> VINCI </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/"> VLT Unit Telescopes Names <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-275" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/antu/"> Antu </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/kueyen/"> Kueyen </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/melipal/"> Melipal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/yepun/"> Yepun </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/auxiliarytelescopes/"> Auxiliary Telescopes </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/"> Survey Telescopes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-281" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/"> VISTA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-282" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/mirror/"> The VISTA mirror </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/camera/"> VIRCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/4most/"> 4MOST </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/surveys/"> The VISTA surveys </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/consortium/"> The VISTA consortium </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/"> VST <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-288" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/mirror/"> The VST mirrors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/camera/"> OmegaCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/surveys/"> The VST surveys </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/speculoos/"> SPECULOOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/ngts/"> NGTS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/cta/"> Cherenkov Telescope Array </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/"> La Silla Observatory <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-295" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/"> Swedish–ESO Submillimetre Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-296" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/simba/"> SIMBA </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/"> New Technology Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-298" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/efosc2/"> EFOSC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/emmi/"> EMMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/sofi/"> SOFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/soxs/"> SOXS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/susi2/"> SUSI and SUSI2 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/"> ESO 3.6-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-305" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/adonis/"> ADONIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/caspec/"> CASPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/harps/"> HARPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/mefos/"> MEFOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/nirps/"> NIRPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/optopus/"> OPTOPUS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/timmi2/"> TIMMI/2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-standard-photometer/"> Standard Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-specklegraph/"> Infrared Specklegraph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-speckle-interferometer/"> Infrared Speckle Interferometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/efosc/"> EFOSC </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/"> MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-319" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/feros/"> FEROS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/grond/"> GROND </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/irac2/"> IRAC & IRAC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/pisco/"> PISCO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/wfi/"> WFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/"> Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-326" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/coralie/"> CORALIE </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/rem/"> Rapid Eye Mount telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/trappist/"> TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope–South </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/"> Danish 1.54-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-330" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/coravel/"> CORAVEL </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/dfosc/"> DFOSC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/ccd/"> CCD camera </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/hb-photometer/"> Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/two-channel-photometer/"> Two-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/four-channel-photometer/"> Four-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/six-channel-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby-Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/tarot/"> Télescope à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1mschmidt/"> ESO 1-metre Schmidt telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/"> ESO 1.52-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-340" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/bandc/"> Boller and Chivens Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/coude/"> Coudé Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/echelec/"> ECHELEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/rv-cass-spectrograph/"> RV Cass Spectrograph </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/"> ESO 1-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-345" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/fideos/"> FIDEOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/infrared-photometer/"> Infrared Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/"> ESO 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-349" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/double-channel-photometer/"> Double-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/"> Coudé Auxiliary Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-352" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/ces/"> CES </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marly/"> MarLy 1-metre telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/"> Dutch 0.9-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-355" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/walraven/"> Walraven Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/t70/"> Swiss T70 telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/"> Bochum 0.61-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-358" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-scanner/"> Bochum Scanner </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-photometer/"> Bochum Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/"> Danish 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-361" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-two-channel-hb-photometer/"> Two-Channel Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-four-channel-uvby-photometer/"> Four-Channel uvby Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-six-channel-uvby-hb-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby–Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/gpo/"> Grand Prisme Objectif telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss04/"> Swiss 0.4-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marseille/"> Marseille 0.36-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/grb/"> GRB Monitoring System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mascara/"> MASCARA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/blackgem/"> BlackGEM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/extra/"> ExTrA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/test-bed/"> Test-Bed Telescope </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/"> APEX <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-373" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/artemis/"> ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/laboca/"> LABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/saboca/"> SABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/sepia/"> SEPIA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/apex-2a/"> APEX–2A </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/aszca/"> ASZCa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/champ-plus/"> CHAMP+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/flash/"> FLASH </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/flash-plus/"> FLASH+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/mpi_11thz/"> MPI_1.1THz </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/p-artemis/"> P-ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/pi230/"> PI230 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/polka/"> PolKa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/shefi/"> SHeFI </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu current current-leaf"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/"> ALMA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-388" class="submenu-aim sublevel selected"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/antennas/"> Antennas </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/transporters/"> Transporters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/receiver-bands/"> Receiver Bands </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/residencia/"> ALMA Residencia </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/"> Technology for Telescopes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-395" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/active_optics/"> Active Optics </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/"> Adaptive Optics </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/ifu/"> Integral Field Units </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/spectroscopy/"> Spectroscopy </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/instruments/"> Instruments </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/science/">Discoveries<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-402" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/science/top10/"> ESO Top 10 Astronomical Discoveries </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/science/exoplanets/"> Exoplanets </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/science/gravitationalwaves/"> Gravitational Wave Sources </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/science/gc/"> Black Hole at the Centre of our Galaxy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/science/grb/"> Gamma-Ray Bursts </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/science/archive/"> Science Archive </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a 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href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/tdot06/"> Deutsche Fassung </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/tdot06-gewinnerliste/"> Liste der Preisgewinner </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/pt-011203/"> Public Talks 2003 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/eso40years/"> ESO 40 Years (1962 - 2002) </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/events/exhibitions/"> Exhibitions <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-467" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/events/exhibitions/perma_exhibitions/"> ESO Permanent Exhibitions </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/http://www.esof.eu/"> EuroScience Open Forum (ESOF) </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/http://eas.unige.ch/EWASS2016/"> EWASS 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/https://aas.org/meetings/aas227"> AAS Winter 2016 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/"> Astronomical Events <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-472" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/solareclipse2019/"> Total Solar Eclipse 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/mcnaught2007/"> The Comet McNaught 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/deepimpact/"> Deep Impact - 04.07.2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/http://www.vt-2004.org/"> The Venus Transit - 08.11.2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids99/"> The Leonids - 17.11.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/eclipse99/"> Solar Eclipse at ESO HQ - 11.08.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids98/"> The Leonids - 11.1998 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/pathfinder/"> Mars Pathfinder - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hyakutake/"> Comet Hyakutake - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/sl9/"> SL-9 and Jupiter - 1994 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hale-bopp/"> Comet Hale Bopp - 1994 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/events/seminars/"> Astronomy Communication Seminars </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/">Outreach<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-485" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/"> Education <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/https://web.archive.org/web/20190321214717/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2014/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/teacherschools/"> Teacher Schools </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/prev-programmes/"> Previous Programmes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-494" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/http://www.eaae-astronomy.org/catchastar/cas2013"> Catch a Star 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/http://www.eaae-astronomy.org/catchastar/cas2011"> Catch a Star 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2008/"> Catch a Star 2008 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2007/"> Catch a Star 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2005/"> Catch a Star 2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2004/"> Catch a Star 2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2003/"> Catch a Star 2003 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2002/"> Catch a Star 2002 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/liu/"> Life in the Universe </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/pos/"> Physics On Stage </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/seaspace/docs/"> Sea & Space </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/http://kids.alma.cl/?lang=en"> ALMA Kids </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/"> Partnerships <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-507" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/translators/"> Volunteer Translators </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/eson/"> ESO Science Outreach Network </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/chile/"> Collaborations in Chile <span 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<div id="edit-info-block"> <div id="page-edit-success" class="alert alert-success alert-dismissible" role="alert" style="display: none"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> Page saved successfully </div> <div id="page-edit-failure" class="alert alert-danger alert-dismissible" role="alert" style="display: none"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> Couldn't save page :( Please try again. </div> </div> <div class="page-content"> <div id="editable-content"> <h1>ALMA</h1> <h2>In search of our cosmic origins</h2> <p><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1137g/"><img src="/web/20210126204206im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/static/teles-instr/alma/images/eso1137g.jpg" border="0"/></a></p>  <script src="/web/20210126204206js_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/static/pano/krpano/krpano119.js"></script> <div id="almaWebcam"> <div class="webcam-wrapper" style="width:100%"> <div id="panoalma" style="width:100%;height:400px"> <script> embedpano({xml: "/public/archives/static/almapano/latest/pano/HD_Pano_Cube_Alma.xml?%$random%", target: "panoalma", html5: "only"}); </script> <div class="webcam-timestamp"><span class="almapano-timestamp">Webcam | 20 Oct 2016 12:03 CEST</span></div> <div class="webcam-live">LIVE</div> </div> <div align="center">The live webcam offers high-resolution views of the Chajnantor plateau, located at 5000 meters above sea level in the Atacama Desert in Chile. Here several antennas that take part of <a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/">ALMA</a> as well as <a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/">APEX</a> can be seen pointing to the sky.</div> </div>  </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <h2>What is the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA)?</h2> <p>High on the Chajnantor plateau in the Chilean Andes, the European Southern Observatory (ESO), together with its international partners, is operating the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) — a state-of-the-art telescope to study light from some of the coldest objects in the Universe. This light has wavelengths of around a millimetre, between infrared light and radio waves, and is therefore known as millimetre and submillimetre radiation. ALMA comprises 66 high-precision <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/antennas/">antennas</a>, spread over distances of up to 16 kilometres. This global collaboration is the largest ground-based astronomical project in existence.</p> <div style="margin-top: 30px; margin-bottom: 30px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/http://www.eso.org/public/images/alma-roadmap/"><img style="max-width: 100%;" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206im_/http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/screen/alma-roadmap.jpg" alt="ALMA roadmap" border="0"/></a> <div><small><em>ALMA roadmap. Credit: ESO</em></small></div> </div> <h2>What is submillimetre astronomy?</h2> <p>Light at these wavelengths comes from vast cold clouds in interstellar space, at temperatures only a few tens of degrees above absolute zero, and from some of the earliest and most distant galaxies in the Universe. Astronomers can use it to study the chemical and physical conditions in molecular clouds — the dense regions of gas and dust where new stars are being born. Often these regions of the Universe are dark and obscured in visible light, but they shine brightly in the millimetre and submillimetre part of the spectrum.</p> <h2>Why build ALMA in the high Andes?</h2> <p>Millimetre and submillimetre radiation opens a window into the enigmatic cold Universe, but the signals from space are heavily absorbed by water vapour in the Earth's atmosphere. Telescopes for this kind of astronomy must be built on high, dry sites, such as the 5000-m high plateau at Chajnantor, one of the highest astronomical observatory sites on Earth.</p> <p>The ALMA site, some 50 km east of San Pedro de Atacama in northern Chile, is in one of the driest places on Earth. Astronomers find unsurpassed conditions for observing, but they must operate a frontier observatory under very difficult conditions. Chajnantor is more than 750 m higher than the observatories on Mauna Kea, and 2400 m higher than the <a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/vlt.html">VLT</a> on Cerro Paranal.</p> <h2>A Tour at the Chajnantor Plateau</h2> <table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="2"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/products/virtualtours/chajnantor/"><img class="nopadding" style="width: 100%;" src="/web/20210126204206im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/static/teles-instr/apex/images/apex-vt.jpg" alt="Virtual Tour at the Chajnantor Plateau" border="0"/></a></p> <p style="text-align: center; margin-top: -8px;"><small>Click on the image to take a <a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/products/virtualtours/chajnantor/">Virtual Tour</a> in and nearby Chajnantor.</small></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>To visit the ALMA Site, please see <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/https://www.almaobservatory.org/en/outreach/alma-site-visit-media/">Media Visits</a></p> <h2>Why is ALMA an interferometer?</h2> <p>ALMA is a single telescope of revolutionary design, composed initially of 66 high-precision antennas, and operating at wavelengths of 0.32 to 3.6 mm. Its main 12-metre array has fifty antennas, each measuring 12 metres in diameter, which together act as a single telescope — an <a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/interferometry/">interferometer</a>. An additional compact array of four 12-metre and twelve 7-metre antennas complements this. The 66 ALMA antennas can be arranged in different configurations, where the maximum distance between antennas can vary from 150 metres to 16 kilometres, which gives ALMA a powerful variable “zoom”. It is able to probe the Universe at millimetre and submillimetre wavelengths with unprecedented sensitivity and resolution, with a vision up to ten times sharper than the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/http://www.spacetelescope.org/">Hubble Space Telescope</a>, and complementing images made using the <a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/sci/facilities/paranal/telescopes/vlti.html">VLT Interferometer</a>.</p> <h2>Science with ALMA</h2> <p><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1137a/"><img style="padding: 10px 20px 10px 0px;" src="/web/20210126204206im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/potwmedium/eso1137a.jpg" align="left" border="0"/></a>ALMA is the most powerful telescope for observing the cool Universe — molecular gas and dust. ALMA studies the building blocks of stars, planetary systems, galaxies and life itself. By providing scientists with detailed images of stars and planets being born in gas clouds near our Solar System, and detecting distant galaxies forming at the edge of the observable Universe, which we see as they were roughly ten billion years ago, it lets astronomers address some of the deepest questions of our cosmic origins.</p> <p>ALMA was inaugurated in 2013, but early scientific observations with a partial array began in 2011. See press release <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1137/">eso1137</a> for more information.</p> <p>ALMA has consistenly produced unique and spectacular results. The fields in which it has delivered its most outstanding results include:</p> <ul type="disc"> <li>Providing images of protoplanetary disks such as HL Tau (see <a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1436/">eso1436</a>) which transformed the previously accepted theories about the planetary formation.</li> <li>Observing phenomena such as Einstein Rings in extraordinary detail (see <a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1522/">eso1522</a>), providing a level of resolution not acheived by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope.</li> <li>The detection of complex organic molecules — carbon-based, pre-biotic structures, necessary for building life — in distant protoplanetary disks (see <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1513/">eso1513</a>), comfirming that our Solar System is not unique in potentially fostering life.</li> </ul> <p>For more information on discoveries made with ALMA, explore the <a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/science/">Science with ESO Telescopes</a> page.</p> <p>ALMA is a partnership between ESO, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) of Japan in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. ALMA is funded by ESO on behalf of its Member States, by NSF in cooperation with the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the National Science Council of Taiwan (NSC) and by NINS in cooperation with the Academia Sinica (AS) in Taiwan and the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI).</p> <p>ALMA construction and operations are led by ESO on behalf of its Member States; by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), managed by Associated Universities, Inc. (AUI), on behalf of North America; and by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) on behalf of East Asia. The Joint ALMA Observatory (JAO) provides the unified leadership and management of the construction, commissioning and operation of ALMA.</p> <h3>Science goals</h3> <p>Star formation, molecular clouds, early Universe.</p> <h2>More about the ALMA Observatory</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/antennas.html">ALMA Antennas</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/transporters.html">ALMA Transporters</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/interferometry.html">ALMA and Interferometry</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/residencia/">ALMA Residencia</a></li> <li>More interesting facts are available on the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/http://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-apex-alma.html">FAQs page</a></li> <li>Read more about this observatory on the <a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/products/handouts/handout_0017/">ALMA Handout</a> in PDF format</li> <li>More <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/http://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/alma/">ALMA Image Archive</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/http://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/alma/">ALMA Video Archive</a> are available in the ESO multimedia archive</li> <li><strong class="bltxt">For scientists</strong>: for more detailed information, please visit our <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/http://www.eso.org/sci/facilities/alma/">technical pages</a></li> <li>Visit the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/http://www.almaobservatory.org/">ALMA Observatory website</a></li> </ul> <h3>The ALMA Planetarium Show</h3> <p>"In search of our Cosmic Origins" is an inspiring show, introducing ALMA, the largest astronomical project in existence. Read more at the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/http://www.cosmicorigins.org/">Cosmic Origins website</a>.</p> <h2>ALMA Timelapse</h2> <iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206if_/https://earthengine.google.com/iframes/timelapse_player_embed.html#v=-23,-67.75,11.973,latLng&t=0.61 " width="100%" height="350" frameborder="0"></iframe> <small><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/https://earthengine.google.com/iframes/timelapse_player_embed.html#v=-23,-67.75,11.973,latLng&t=0.61" target="_blank" rel="noopener">View larger timelapse</a></small></div> <div class="col-md-4"> <h2>ALMA Trailer</h2> <div class="youtube-wrapper"><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/egUa3bGdHDg?modestbranding=1&hl=en&rel=0&enablejsapi=1&origin=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eso.org&widgetid=1" width="688" height="387" frameborder="0"></iframe></div> <p style="text-align: center;"><small>Download the ALMA trailer in the <a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/almatrailer2016a/">video archive</a>.</small></p> <p> </p> <div class="box2"> <table class="table table-bordered" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <h3>ALMA</h3> <table class="table" width="100%" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="top" width="60"><strong>Name:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="30"><strong>Site:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Chajnantor</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="30"><strong>Altitude:</strong></td> <td valign="top">4576 to 5044m (most above 5000 m)</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Enclosure:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Open air</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Type:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Sub-millimeter interferometer antenna array</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Optical design:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Cassegrain</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Diameter. Primary M1:</strong></td> <td valign="top">54 x 12.0 m (AEM, Vertex, and MELCO) and 12 x 7.0 m (MELCO)</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Material. Primary M1:</strong></td> <td valign="top">CFRP and Aluminium (12-metre),<br/>Steel and Aluminium (7-metre)</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Diameter. Secondary M2:</strong></td> <td valign="top">0.75 m (for 12-metre antennas);<br/>0.457 m (for 7-metre antennas)</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Material. Secondary M2:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Aluminium</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Mount:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Alt-Azimuth mount</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>First Light date:</strong></td> <td valign="top">30 September 2011</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Interferometry:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Baselines from 150 m to 16 km</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Images taken with ALMA:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/search/?adv=&facility=36">Link</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Images of ALMA:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/search/?adv=&subject_name=Atacama%20Large%20Millimeter/submillimeter%20Array">Link</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Videos of ALMA:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/search/?adv=&subject_name=Atacama%20Large%20Millimeter/submillimeter%20Array">Link</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Press Releases with ALMA:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/search/?published_until_year=0&published_until_day=0&description=&facility=36&published_until_month=0&title=&subject_name=&published_since_day=0&published_since_month=0&id=&published_since_year=0">Link</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Data papers:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/http://telbib.eso.org/index.php?&flimiti=off&fq[]=instrument:ALMA_Bands">Link</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p> </p> <table class="table table-bordered" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <div class="randomtext parbase section"><noscript> <div class="box3"> <b>Did you know?</b> <br/>Stars form in dense clouds of the interstellar medium, but even in these densest regions the pressure is comparable to the most tenuous vacuum created in a laboratory on Earth. In these clouds, the temperatures are below -200 degrees Celsius.</div> </noscript> <div id="9249baae-a919-4599-83e0-a2d745bef8390" class="box3" style="display: none;"><strong>Did you know?</strong><br/>Stars form in dense clouds of the interstellar medium, but even in these densest regions the pressure is comparable to the most tenuous vacuum created in a laboratory on Earth. In these clouds, the temperatures are below -200 degrees Celsius.</div> <div id="9249baae-a919-4599-83e0-a2d745bef8391" class="box3" style="display: none;"><strong>Did you know?</strong><br/>ALMA is located in the southern hemisphere, but it is close enough to the Equator to be able to observe 73% of the northern sky, and 87% of the sky overall.</div> <div id="9249baae-a919-4599-83e0-a2d745bef8392" class="box3" style="display: none;"><strong>Did you know?</strong><br/>When astronomers combine the light waves from two telescopes using the principle of interferometry, they can very precisely determine the direction of an object in space. Your ears work in a similar way to localise sounds, by comparing the sound received at the left and right ears.</div> <div id="9249baae-a919-4599-83e0-a2d745bef8393" class="box3" style="display: none;"><strong>Did you know?</strong><br/>The skies over the ESO sites in Chile are so dark that on a clear moonless night it is possible to see your shadow cast by the light of the Milky Way alone.</div> <div id="9249baae-a919-4599-83e0-a2d745bef8394" class="box3" style="display: none;"><strong>Did you know?</strong><br/>There is an Earth-mass of alcohol near the centre of our Milky Way. However, most of it is methanol, and it is diluted 1:1000 with water. Telescopes observing at millimetre and submillimetre wavelengths, like APEX and soon ALMA, are used to detect many other molecules in space.</div> <div id="9249baae-a919-4599-83e0-a2d745bef8395" class="box3" style="display: none;"><strong>Did you know?</strong><br/>The two ALMA transporters each weigh 132.5 tonnes and have twin engines each rated at 500 kW each (at sea level). This gives a total of about 1400 horsepower, and is equivalent to about 20 "Smart Fortwo" cars.</div> </div> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <div> <h2>ALMA on Google Maps</h2> <p>The antenna icons in this image show — in real time — the location of the antennas at the Chajnantor plateau (AOS)</p> <iframe style="border: 0;" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206if_/https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d24799.925865254238!2d-67.76581070415418!3d-23.023877764842798!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x96a9c7796689b38f%3A0x166b24c7c79757b2!2sAtacama+Large+Millimeter+Array+-+ALMA+Radio+Telescope!5e1!3m2!1sen!2sde!4v1540824224536" width="320" height="350" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> <small><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/https://goo.gl/maps/riL6nXYG8GT2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">View larger map</a></small></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="row footernote"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/mailto:information@eso.org">Send us your comments!</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/newsletters/esonews/">Subscribe to receive news from ESO in your language</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/https://www.cdn77.com/">Accelerated by CDN77</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/web/20210126204206/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/privacy/">Terms & Conditions</a> </div> </div> <link href="/web/20210126204206cs_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/css/extras.166b25c68b97.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <script type="text/javascript">var MEDIA_URL = "/public/archives/"</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20210126204206js_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/js/main.097c0244ddc7.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> const getWebcamStatus = async (cam) => { const url = '/public/outreach/webcamstatus/' + cam + '/'; const response = await fetch(url); return await response.json(); } // Fetch the webcam status getWebcamStatus('all').then((statusAll) => { getWebcamStatus('alma').then((statusAlma) => { // console.log(statusAlma); const almaDiv = document.querySelector('#almaWebcam'); if (statusAll['published'] && statusAlma['published']) { almaDiv.style.display = "block"; } else { almaDiv.style.display = "none"; } }).catch((error) => { console.error(error); }); }).catch((error) => { console.error(error); }); var config_almatrailer2016a = { image: '/public/archives/videos/videoframe/almatrailer2016a.jpg', sources: [ { file: '/public/archives/videos/medium_podcast/almatrailer2016a.mp4', label: 'SD', default: true }, { file: '/public/archives/videos/hd_and_apple/almatrailer2016a.m4v', label: 'HD', } ] }; setupVideoPlayer('almatrailer2016a'); </script> </div>  <div id="social-share" class="hidden-print"> <div class="link facebook" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Facebook"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link twitter" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Twitter"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/&text=ALMA - Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array&via=ESO" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link pinterest" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Pinterest"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/http://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/&media=&description=ALMA - Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-pinterest" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link print" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Print"> <a href="javascript:window.print()" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-print" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link email" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share by email"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204206/mailto:%20?subject=ESO — ALMA - Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array&body=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> <script> $('[data-toggle="tooltip"]').tooltip(); </script> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="S6gIkymWwtvVXCb11Qtf65u6cuC7COTzNtP9SKLhgbOn02qKSahZQ7ymRSnTNEtz"/> </body> </html>

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