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<span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Levensloop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levensloop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ontdekking_DNA-structuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ontdekking_DNA-structuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ontdekking DNA-structuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ontdekking_DNA-structuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_onderzoek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_onderzoek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Later onderzoek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_onderzoek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Francis Crick</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 89 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83" title="فرنسيس كريك – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرنسيس كريك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83" title="فرنسيس كريك – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرنسيس كريك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransis_Krik" title="Fransis Krik – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fransis Krik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فرانسیس کریک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرانسیس کریک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Фрэнсіс Гары Крык – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фрэнсіс Гары Крык" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Франсис Крик – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Франсис Крик" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95" title="ফ্রান্সিস ক্রিক – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রান্সিস ক্রিক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DA%95%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فڕانسس کریک – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فڕانسس کریک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA" title="Φράνσις Κρικ – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φράνσις Κρικ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فرانسیس کریک – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرانسیس کریک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7" title="פרנסיס קריק – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרנסיס קריק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="फ्रैन्सिस क्रिक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ्रैन्सिस क्रिक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Harry_Compton_Crick" title="Francis Harry Compton Crick – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Francis Harry Compton Crick" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD_%D5%94%D6%80%D5%AB%D6%84" title="Ֆրենսիս Քրիք – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրենսիս Քրիք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="フランシス・クリック – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランシス・クリック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ფრენსის კრიკი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრენსის კრიკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Фрэнсис Крик – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фрэнсис Крик" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D" title="ಫ಼್ರಾನ್ಸಿಸ್ ಕ್ರಿಕ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫ಼್ರಾನ್ಸಿಸ್ ಕ್ರಿಕ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%9C%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4_%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AD" title="프랜시스 크릭 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랜시스 크릭" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscus_Crick" title="Franciscus Crick – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Franciscus Crick" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Harry_Compton_Crick" title="Francis Harry Compton Crick – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Francis Harry Compton Crick" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C4%81nsiss_Kriks" title="Frānsiss Kriks – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Frānsiss Kriks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Френсис Крик – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Френсис Крик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ഫ്രാൻസിസ് ക്രിക്ക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രാൻസിസ് ക്രിക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فرانسیس کریک – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فرانسیس کریک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Harry_Compton_Crick" title="Francis Harry Compton Crick – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Francis Harry Compton Crick" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95" title="ਫਰਾਂਸਿਸ ਕ੍ਰਿਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫਰਾਂਸਿਸ ਕ੍ਰਿਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="فرینسس کرک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرینسس کرک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%A9" title="فرانسس کرېک – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فرانسس کرېک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Крик, Фрэнсис – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крик, Фрэнсис" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D" title="फ्रान्सिस् एच् सि क्रिक् – Sanskriet" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="फ्रान्सिस् एच् सि क्रिक्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskriet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Harry_Compton_Crick" title="Francis Harry Compton Crick – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Francis Harry Compton Crick" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransis_Krik" title="Fransis Krik – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Fransis Krik" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="பிரான்சிஸ் கிரிக் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரான்சிஸ் கிரிக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ฟรานซิส คริก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟรานซิส คริก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Фрәнсис Крик – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фрәнсис Крик" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Френсіс Крік – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Френсіс Крік" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="فرانسس کرک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرانسس کرک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B" title="弗朗西斯·克里克 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="弗朗西斯·克里克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ფრენსის კრიკი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფრენსის კრიკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B" title="弗朗西斯·克里克 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弗朗西斯·克里克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Francis Crick" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E9%87%8C%E5%8D%A1" title="法蘭西斯·卡里卡 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法蘭西斯·卡里卡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q123280#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobelprijswinnaar"><img alt="Nobelprijswinnaar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/25px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/38px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/50px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span>  Francis Crick </th></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/8_juni" title="8 juni">8 juni</a> <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a> – <a href="/wiki/28_juli" title="28 juli">28 juli</a> <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Francis_Crick.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Francis Harry Compton Crick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Francis_Crick.png/266px-Francis_Crick.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Francis_Crick.png/399px-Francis_Crick.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Francis_Crick.png/532px-Francis_Crick.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2236" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%">Francis Harry Compton Crick</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteland </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_England.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Engeland"><img alt="Vlag van Engeland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/20px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/30px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/40px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engeland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton">Northampton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Overlijdensplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_(Californi%C3%AB)" title="San Diego (Californië)">San Diego</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nobelprijs </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_de_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobelprijs voor de Fysiologie of Geneeskunde">Fysiologie of Geneeskunde</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jaar </th> <td colspan="2">1962 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Reden </th> <td colspan="2">"Voor hun ontdekkingen betreffende de moleculaire structuur van <a href="/wiki/Nucle%C3%AFnezuur" title="Nucleïnezuur">nucleïnezuren</a> en diens significantie voor de informatieoverdracht in het leven." </td></tr> <tr> <th>Samen met </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">James Watson</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Maurice Wilkins</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap">Voorganger(s)</span> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">Georg von Békésy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opvolger(s) </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/John_Eccles" title="John Eccles">John Eccles</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Alan_Hodgkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Hodgkin">Alan Hodgkin</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Andrew Huxley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Geneeskunde" title="Portaal:Geneeskunde">Geneeskunde</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Francis Harry Compton Crick</b> (<a href="/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton">Northampton</a>, <a href="/wiki/8_juni" title="8 juni">8 juni</a> <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a> – <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_(Californi%C3%AB)" title="San Diego (Californië)">San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/28_juli" title="28 juli">28 juli</a> <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>) was een <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engelse</a> natuurwetenschapper, die bekend is geworden als een van de ontdekkers van de structuur van het <a href="/wiki/Desoxyribonucle%C3%AFnezuur" class="mw-redirect" title="Desoxyribonucleïnezuur">DNA</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Levensloop">Levensloop</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Crick&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Levensloop" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Crick&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Levensloop"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crick werd geboren als zoon van een schoenenfabrikant. Hij gaf al jong blijk van een wetenschappelijke belangstelling. Zijn ouders, Harry Crick en Annie Elizabeth Wilkins, gaven hem al spoedig een kinderencyclopedie, waarmee hij zijn nieuwsgierigheid kon bevredigen. </p><p>Na zijn studie <a href="/wiki/Natuurkunde" title="Natuurkunde">natuurkunde</a> aan het <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a> heeft hij zich een tijd beziggehouden met de studie van de stroperigheid van water onder hoge druk, in zijn eigen woorden 'het saaiste probleem dat je je maar voor kunt stellen'. Zijn promotie-onderzoek werd gedwarsboomd door het uitbreken van de <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Tweede Wereldoorlog">Tweede Wereldoorlog</a>. Hij trad in dienst bij de marine, en stortte zich op het ontwerpen van magnetische en akoestische zeemijnen. Pas na de <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Tweede Wereldoorlog">Tweede Wereldoorlog</a> zou hij zijn wetenschappelijke draai vinden. In 1949 trad hij in dienst bij het <a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Laboratorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavendish Laboratorium">Cavendish Laboratorium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_(Engeland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge (Engeland)">Cambridge</a>, waar hij zich aanvankelijk bezighield met röntgendiffractie van eiwitkristallen. In 1951 kwam zijn wetenschappelijke carrière in een stroomversnelling terecht. Dat jaar wandelde de jonge Amerikaanse onderzoeker <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">James Watson</a> het laboratorium binnen. De twee onderzoekers waren er stellig van overtuigd dat de sleutel tot de erfelijkheid in het DNA gezocht moest worden, en niet in de eiwitten van de cel, zoals in die tijd gemeenlijk werd gedacht. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ontdekking_DNA-structuur">Ontdekking DNA-structuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Crick&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ontdekking DNA-structuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Crick&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ontdekking DNA-structuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ondanks enige tegenwerking van de baas van het lab, <a href="/wiki/Sir_(titel)" title="Sir (titel)">Sir</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">William Lawrence Bragg</a>, die hen verbood aan de structuur van <a href="/wiki/Desoxyribonucle%C3%AFnezuur" class="mw-redirect" title="Desoxyribonucleïnezuur">DNA</a> te werken, wisten ze binnen twee jaar de structuur van het molecuul te ontrafelen. In 1953 leidde dat tot de beroemde publicatie in het wetenschappelijk tijdschrift Nature. Ze deden er uit de doeken hoe het molecuul uit twee om elkaar gewonden spiralen bestond, als een soort wenteltrap waarvan de treden bestonden uit tegenover elkaar liggende baseparen: <a href="/wiki/Cytosine" title="Cytosine">cytosine</a> (C) tegenover <a href="/wiki/Guanine" title="Guanine">guanine</a> (G) en <a href="/wiki/Adenine" title="Adenine">adenine</a> (A) tegenover <a href="/wiki/Thymine" title="Thymine">thymine</a> (T). De structuur die Crick en Watson voorstelden, was gebaseerd op de röntgenopnames van <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Maurice Wilkins</a> en <a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin" title="Rosalind Franklin">Rosalind Franklin</a>. In 1962 kregen Crick, <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">Watson</a> en <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Wilkins</a> de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs" title="Nobelprijs">Nobelprijs</a> voor hun ontdekking. Franklin was al in 1958 overleden aan de gevolgen van kanker. In 1975 kreeg Crick de <a href="/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal">Copley Medal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_onderzoek">Later onderzoek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Crick&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Later onderzoek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Crick&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Later onderzoek"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crick bleef nog tot 1976 in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_(Engeland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge (Engeland)">Cambridge</a>. Hij ontrafelde er onder meer de <a href="/wiki/Genetische_code" title="Genetische code">genetische code</a>, waarmee een bepaald <a href="/wiki/Aminozuur" title="Aminozuur">aminozuur</a> wordt aangegeven op het <a href="/wiki/Desoxyribonucle%C3%AFnezuur" class="mw-redirect" title="Desoxyribonucleïnezuur">DNA</a> in 'woorden' van drie letters. Ook ontdekte hij hoe die informatie wordt uitgelezen (door <a href="/wiki/Transcriptie_(biologie)" title="Transcriptie (biologie)">transcriptie</a>) en wordt getransporteerd (<a href="/wiki/MRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MRNA">mRNA</a>) naar de eiwitfabriekjes (<a href="/wiki/Ribosoom" title="Ribosoom">ribosomen</a>) in de cel. Daar worden alle aminozuren achter elkaar geplakt en worden de <a href="/wiki/Prote%C3%AFne" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteïne">eiwitten</a>, de werkpaarden van de cel, vervaardigd. Crick domineerde lange tijd het vakgebied van de <a href="/wiki/Moleculaire_biologie" title="Moleculaire biologie">moleculaire biologie</a>, en was een bezield inspirator voor vele onderzoekers. Halverwege de jaren zeventig verschoof Cricks wetenschappelijke aandacht naar het onderzoek van het bewustzijn. Hij vertrok naar het Salk-instituut in <a href="/wiki/La_Jolla" title="La Jolla">La Jolla</a>, waar hij ook enige tijd directeur was. Hij stortte zich op de fysiologische processen die het bewustzijn gestalte geven. Hij was een wegbereider in dit nog jonge vakgebied, maar realiseerde zich ook dat het jongere geesten dan de zijne vergde om de mysteries van het menselijk brein te ontrafelen. Daarnaast maakte hij af en toe een uitstapje naar het ontstaan van het leven. Samen met een andere Salk-collega, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leslie_Orgel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leslie Orgel (de pagina bestaat niet)">Leslie Orgel</a>, ontwikkelde hij de theorie van de zogeheten '<a href="/wiki/Panspermie" title="Panspermie">directed panspermia</a>'. Volgens die theorie is het leven op onze planeet niet alleen van buitenaardse oorsprong, maar ook doelbewust op onze planeet gebracht door een hogere beschaving. </p><p>Zijn autobiografische boek <i>What Mad Pursuit</i> beschrijft de reden waarom hij de moleculaire biologie de rug toe keerde en overschakelde naar <a href="/wiki/Neurowetenschap" title="Neurowetenschap">neurowetenschap</a>. In zijn boek <i>The Astonishing Hypothesis</i> beargumenteert hij dat neurowetenschap nu de hulpmiddelen heeft om een wetenschappelijke studie te maken van hoe de <a href="/wiki/Hersenen" title="Hersenen">hersenen</a> <a href="/wiki/Bewustzijn" title="Bewustzijn">bewustzijn</a> ervaren. </p><p>Francis Crick stierf op 88-jarige leeftijd in het Thornton Hospital in San Diego aan <a href="/wiki/Darmkanker" title="Darmkanker">darmkanker</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Crick&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Crick&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bibliografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Of Molecules and Men</i> (<a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Books" title="Prometheus Books">Prometheus Books</a>, 2004; original edition 1967) <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/1591021855" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1591021855</a></li> <li><i>What Mad Pursuit: A Personal View of Scientific Discovery</i> (Basic Books reprint edition, 1990) <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0465091385" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0465091385</a></li> <li><i>The Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search For The Soul</i> (Scribner reprint edition, 1995) <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0684801582" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0684801582</a></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <i>The double helix: a personal view.</i> Artikel van Crick in Nature uit 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Crick&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Crick&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>James D. Watson, <i>The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA</i>, Atheneum, 1980, <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0689706022" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0689706022</a></li> <li><i>Francis Crick and James Watson: Pioneers in DNA Research</i> by John Bankston, Francis Crick and James D. Watson (Mitchell Lane Publishers, Inc., 2002) <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/1584151226" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1584151226</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1962/crick/biographical/">Francis Crick Biographical</a>. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2021. Sun. 7 Nov 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230628165003/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1962/crick/biographical/">Gearchiveerd</a> op 28 juni 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625041255/https://www.nature.com/nature/dna50/Crick3.pdf"><i>The double helix: a personal view.</i>. Nature, 26 april 1974</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" data-expandtext="Uitklappen" data-collapsetext="Inklappen"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie winnaars van de Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde"><img 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data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" class="navigatie-titel">Winnaars van de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" title="Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde">Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content"> <p>1901: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Adolf_von_Behring" title="Emil Adolf von Behring">Behring</a> · 1902: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ross</a> · 1903: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Finsen</a> · 1904: <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Pavlov</a> · 1905: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Koch</a> · 1906: <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Golgi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Ramón y Cajal</a> · 1907: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Louis_Alphonse_Laveran" title="Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran">Laveran</a> · 1908: <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Iljitsj_Metsjnikov" title="Ilja Iljitsj Metsjnikov">Mechnikov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Ehrlich</a> · 1909: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Theodor_Kocher" title="Emil Theodor Kocher">Kocher</a> · 1910: <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Kossel</a> · 1911: <a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Gullstrand</a> · 1912: <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Carrel</a> · 1913: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet">Richet</a> · 1914: <a href="/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Robert Bárány">Bárány</a> · 1919: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Bordet" title="Jules Bordet">Bordet</a> · 1920: <a href="/wiki/August_Krogh" title="August Krogh">Krogh</a> · 1922: <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Hill" title="Archibald Hill">Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof" title="Otto Fritz Meyerhof">Meyerhof</a> · 1923: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Banting" title="Frederick Banting">Banting</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Macleod_(medicus)" title="John Macleod (medicus)">Macleod</a> · 1924: <a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Einthoven</a> · 1926: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Andreas_Grib_Fibiger" title="Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger">Fibiger</a> · 1927: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Wagner-Jauregg</a> · 1928: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Nicolle</a> · 1929: <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Eijkman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins" title="Frederick Gowland Hopkins">Hopkins</a> · 1930: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Landsteiner</a> · 1931: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg" title="Otto Heinrich Warburg">Warburg</a> · 1932: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Sherrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">Adrian</a> · 1933: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Morgan</a> · 1934: <a href="/wiki/George_Whipple" title="George Whipple">Whipple</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Minot" title="George Minot">Minot</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Murphy" title="William Murphy">Murphy</a> · 1935: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Spemann</a> · 1936: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Dale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Loewi</a> · 1937: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Szent-Györgyi</a> · 1938: <a href="/wiki/Corneel_Heymans" title="Corneel Heymans">Heymans</a> · 1939: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Domagk</a> · 1943: <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Dam" title="Henrik Dam">Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Adelbert_Doisy" title="Edward Adelbert Doisy">Doisy</a> · 1944: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Erlanger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser">Gasser</a> · 1945: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Fleming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Boris_Chain" title="Ernst Boris Chain">Chain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Florey</a> · 1946: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Muller</a> · 1947: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori" title="Carl Ferdinand Cori">C. Cori</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">G. Cori</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Houssay" title="Bernardo Houssay">Houssay</a> · 1948: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Hermann Müller">Müller</a> · 1949: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Rudolf_Hess" title="Walter Rudolf Hess">Hess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Egas_Moniz" title="António Egas Moniz">Moniz</a> · 1950: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Calvin_Kendall" title="Edward Calvin Kendall">Kendall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tadeus_Reichstein" title="Tadeus Reichstein">Reichstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Hench</a> · 1951: <a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Theiler</a> · 1952: <a href="/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman">Waksman</a> · 1953: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Krebs_(arts)" title="Hans Krebs (arts)">Krebs</a>,<a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Lipmann</a> · 1954: <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">Enders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Huckle_Weller" title="Thomas Huckle Weller">Weller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chapman_Robbins" title="Frederick Chapman Robbins">Robbins</a> · 1955: <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Theorell" title="Hugo Theorell">Theorell</a> · 1956: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" title="André Frédéric Cournand">Cournand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werner_Forssmann" title="Werner Forssmann">Forssmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards">Richards</a> · 1957: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Bovet</a> · 1958: <a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">Beadle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lawrie_Tatum" title="Edward Lawrie Tatum">Tatum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Lederberg</a> · 1959: <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Ochoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Kornberg</a> · 1960: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Burnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Medawar</a> · 1961: <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">Békésy</a> · 1962: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crick</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Wilkins</a> · 1963: <a href="/wiki/John_Eccles" title="John Eccles">Eccles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Huxley</a> · 1964: <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Emil_Bloch" title="Konrad Emil Bloch">Bloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Felix_Konrad_Lynen" title="Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen">Lynen</a> · 1965: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Michael_Lwoff" title="André Michael Lwoff">Lwoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod" title="Jacques Monod">Monod</a> · 1966: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Rous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brenton_Huggins" title="Charles Brenton Huggins">Huggins</a> · 1967: <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Granit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline">Hartline</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">Wald</a> · 1968: <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley">Holley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Khorana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Nirenberg</a> · 1969: <a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Delbrück</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Hershey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Luria</a> · 1970: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Katz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Svante_von_Euler" title="Ulf Svante von Euler">Euler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Axelrod</a> · 1971: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland_jr." title="Earl Wilbur Sutherland jr.">Sutherland</a> · 1972: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" title="Gerald Edelman">Edelman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Porter" title="Rodney Porter">Porter</a> · 1973: <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Frisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Lorenz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niko_Tinbergen" title="Niko Tinbergen">Tinbergen</a> · 1974: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Claude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">De Duve</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">Palade</a> · 1975: <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Dulbecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Temin</a> · 1976: <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg" title="Baruch Samuel Blumberg">Blumberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek" title="Daniel Carleton Gajdusek">Gajdusek</a> · 1977: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Guillemin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schally" title="Andrew Schally">Schally</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Yalow</a> · 1978: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Arber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Nathans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Othanel_Smith" title="Hamilton Othanel Smith">Smith</a> · 1979: <a href="/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Cormack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Hounsfield" title="Godfrey Hounsfield">Hounsfield</a> · 1980: <a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Benacerraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Dausset</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Davis_Snell" title="George Davis Snell">Snell</a> · 1981: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Sperry" title="Roger Sperry">Sperry</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_H._Hubel" title="David H. Hubel">Hubel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel" title="Torsten Wiesel">Wiesel</a> · 1982: <a href="/wiki/Sune_Karl_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Karl Bergström">Bergström</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Ingemar_Samuelsson" title="Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson">Samuelsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Vane" title="John Robert Vane">Vane</a> · 1983: <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">McClintock</a> · 1984: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Kaj_Jerne" title="Niels Kaj Jerne">Jerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_J.F._K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges J.F. Köhler">Köhler</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">Milstein</a> · 1985: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goldstein" title="Joseph Goldstein">Goldstein</a> · 1986: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen_(biochemicus)" title="Stanley Cohen (biochemicus)">Cohen</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Levi-Montalcini</a></span> · 1987: <a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Tonegawa</a> · 1988: <a href="/wiki/James_Whyte_Black" title="James Whyte Black">Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Elion" title="Gertrude Elion">Elion</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_H._Hitchings" title="George H. Hitchings">Hitchings</a> · 1989: <a href="/wiki/John_Michael_Bishop" title="John Michael Bishop">Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Varmus" title="Harold E. Varmus">Varmus</a> · 1990: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murray_(chirurg)" title="Joseph Murray (chirurg)">Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Donnall_Thomas" title="Edward Donnall Thomas">Thomas</a> · 1991: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Neher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Sakmann</a> · 1992: <a href="/wiki/Edmond_H._Fischer" title="Edmond H. Fischer">Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Gerhard_Krebs" title="Edwin Gerhard Krebs">Krebs</a> · 1993: <a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Roberts" title="Richard John Roberts">Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Allen_Sharp" title="Phillip Allen Sharp">Sharp</a> · 1994: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Goodman_Gilman" title="Alfred Goodman Gilman">Gilman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Rodbell</a> · 1995: <a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Lewis</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Nüsslein-Volhard</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Wieschaus</a> · 1996: <a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty" title="Peter C. Doherty">Doherty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolf_M._Zinkernagel" title="Rolf M. Zinkernagel">Zinkernagel</a> · 1997: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Prusiner</a> · 1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Furchgott" title="Robert F. Furchgott">Furchgott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ignarro" title="Louis Ignarro">Ignarro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Murad</a> · 1999: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Blobel</a> · 2000: <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Carlsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Greengard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Kandel</a> · 2001: <a href="/wiki/Leland_H._Hartwell" title="Leland H. Hartwell">Hartwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Nurse</a> · 2002: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Brenner</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._Robert_Horvitz" title="H. Robert Horvitz">Horvitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Sulston" title="John Edward Sulston">Sulston</a> · 2003: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Lauterbur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Mansfield</a> · 2004: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Axel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck">Buck</a> · 2005: <a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" title="Robin Warren">Warren</a> · 2006: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fire" title="Andrew Fire">Fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_Mello" title="Craig Mello">Mello</a> · 2007: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Capecchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Smithies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Evans</a> · 2008: <a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">Zur Hausen</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Barré–Sinoussi</a>,</span> <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Montagnier</a> · 2009: <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Blackburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider">Greider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak">Szostak</a> · 2010: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Edwards_(fysioloog)" title="Robert Edwards (fysioloog)">Edwards</a> · 2011: <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Beutler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Steinman" title="Ralph Steinman">Steinman</a> · 2012: <a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">Gurdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka">Yamanaka</a> · 2013: <a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">Rothman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Schekman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas Südhof">Südhof</a> · 2014: <a href="/wiki/John_O%27Keefe" title="John O'Keefe">O'Keefe</a>, <a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">Moser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">Moser</a> · 2015: <a href="/wiki/William_C._Campbell_(wetenschapper)" title="William C. Campbell (wetenschapper)">Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_Omura" title="Satoshi Omura">Omura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Youyou_Tu" title="Youyou Tu">Tu</a> · 2016: <a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_Osumi" title="Yoshinori Osumi">Osumi</a> · 2017: <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Rosbash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Young</a> · 2018: <a href="/wiki/James_Allison" title="James Allison">Allison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Honjo</a> · 2019: <a href="/wiki/William_Kaelin_jr." title="William Kaelin jr.">Kaelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Ratcliffe" title="Peter J. Ratcliffe">Ratcliffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Semenza</a> · 2020: <a href="/wiki/Harvey_J._Alter" title="Harvey J. Alter">Alter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton">Houghton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. Rice">Rice</a> · 2021: <a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">Julius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardem_Patapoutian" title="Ardem Patapoutian">Patapoutian</a> · 2022: <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Pääbo</a> · 2023: <a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Karikó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Weissman</a> · 2024: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Ambros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Ruvkun</a> </p> </div></div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Francis_Crick#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Francis Crick">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Francis_Crick#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67837862"><div class="navigatie mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Bibliografische informatie" data-collapsetext="Inklappen" data-expandtext="Uitklappen"><div id="Bibliografische_informatie" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bibliografische_informatie" title="Wikipedia:Bibliografische informatie">Bibliografische informatie</a></div><div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content plainlist ta-left"><ul style="column-width:36em"><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibsys">Bibsys</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90151941">90151941</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">Biblioteca Nacional de España</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1011653">XX1011653</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11898169q">cb11898169q</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11898169q">(data)</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A0leg_d%27autoritats_de_noms_i_t%C3%ADtols_de_Catalunya" title="Catàleg d'autoritats de noms i títols de Catalunya">Catàleg d'autoritats de noms i títols de Catalunya</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058520413806706">981058520413806706</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00752629?l=en">DA00752629</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">Gemeinsame Normdatei</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118906275">118906275</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">International Standard Name Identifier</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000114721624">0000 0001 1472 1624</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">Library of Congress Control Number</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81086851">n81086851</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Letland" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Letland">Nationale Bibliotheek van Letland</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000282088&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000282088</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/d22b5569-dfc1-4e92-9793-2f7b27005f85">d22b5569-dfc1-4e92-9793-2f7b27005f85</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=158582">158582</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheek_van_het_Japanse_parlement" title="Bibliotheek van het Japanse parlement">Bibliotheek van het Japanse parlement</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00436891">00436891</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Tsjechi%C3%AB" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië">Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990001547&CON_LNG=ENG">jn19990001547</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_bibliotheek_van_Australi%C3%AB" title="Nationale bibliotheek van Australië">Nationale bibliotheek van Australië</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35032163">35032163</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Isra%C3%ABl" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël">Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007311778605171">987007311778605171</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Polen" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Polen">Nationale Bibliotheek van Polen</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/a0000003194285">a0000003194285</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_en_Universitaire_bibliotheek_Zagreb" title="Nationale en Universitaire bibliotheek Zagreb">Nationale en Universitaire bibliotheek Zagreb</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000046821&local_base=nsk10">000046821</a></span></li><li><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1006" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1006">Nederlandse Thesaurus van Auteursnamen</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069393702">069393702</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/R%C3%89RO" title="RÉRO">Réseau des bibliothèques de Suisse occidentale</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A003143751">02-A003143751</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Centrale_per_il_Catalogo_Unico" title="Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico">Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/opacsbn/opac/iccu/scheda_authority.jsp?bid=CFIV002728">CFIV002728</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">LIBRIS</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/182471">182471</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w63r0w6s">w63r0w6s</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">Système universitaire de documentation</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026805502">026805502</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/804852">804852</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">Virtual International Authority File</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/49223910">49223910</a></span></li><li><b></b> <b><a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a></b> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/49223910">49223910</a></li></ul></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a 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