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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul 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id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriegsschauplatz_China-Burma-Indien" title="Kriegsschauplatz China-Burma-Indien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kriegsschauplatz China-Burma-Indien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%87%D9%87_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%87_%D9%88_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="جبهه چین برمه و هند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جبهه چین برمه و هند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_op%C3%A9rations_de_Chine-Birmanie-Inde" title="Théâtre des opérations de Chine-Birmanie-Inde – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Théâtre des opérations de Chine-Birmanie-Inde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palagan_Tiongkok_Burma_India" title="Palagan Tiongkok Burma India – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Palagan Tiongkok Burma India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teatro_di_Cina-Birmania-India" title="Teatro di Cina-Birmania-India – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Teatro di Cina-Birmania-India" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADna%E2%80%93Burma%E2%80%93India_hadsz%C3%ADnt%C3%A9r" title="Kína–Burma–India hadszíntér – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kína–Burma–India hadszíntér" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kancah_China_Burma_India" title="Kancah China Burma India – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kancah China Burma India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Burma_India_Theater_of_World_War_II&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="China Burma India Theater of World War II">China Burma India Theater of World War II</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">U.S. military designation during WWII for U.S. forces in East, Southeast, and South Asia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">China Burma India Theater</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Asia-Pacific theater</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Burma_India_Seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/China_Burma_India_Seal.svg/150px-China_Burma_India_Seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/China_Burma_India_Seal.svg/225px-China_Burma_India_Seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/China_Burma_India_Seal.svg/300px-China_Burma_India_Seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1033" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br />Insignia of the CBI Theater</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Burma" title="Japanese occupation of Burma">Burma</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a> (also <a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">French Indochina</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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.navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Burma_Campaign" title="Template:Campaignbox Burma Campaign"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Burma_Campaign" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Burma Campaign"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Burma_Campaign" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Burma Campaign"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Burma_campaign" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma campaign</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Burma" title="Japanese invasion of Burma">Japanese invasion of Burma (1941–1942)</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bilin_River" title="Battle of Bilin River">Bilin River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sittang_Bridge" title="Battle of Sittang Bridge">Sittang Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pegu" title="Battle of Pegu">Pegu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taukkyan_Roadblock" title="Taukkyan Roadblock">Taukkyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Yunnan%E2%80%93Burma_Road" title="Battle of the Yunnan–Burma Road">Yunnan-Burma Road</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tachiao" title="Battle of Tachiao">Tachiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oktwin" title="Battle of Oktwin">Oktwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toungoo" title="Battle of Toungoo">Toungoo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_Independence_Army#Battle_of_Shwedaung" title="Burma Independence Army">Shwedaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Prome_(1942)" title="Battle of Prome (1942)">Prome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yenangyaung" title="Battle of Yenangyaung">Yenangyaung</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1942%E2%80%931943)" title="Burma campaign (1942–1943)">Burma campaign (1942–1943)</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arakan_campaign_(1942%E2%80%931943)" title="Arakan campaign (1942–1943)">Arakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hump" title="The Hump">The Hump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chindits" title="Chindits">Chindits</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944)" title="Burma campaign (1944)">Burma campaign (1943–1944)</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chindits#Interlude" title="Chindits">Chindits (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Admin_Box" title="Battle of the Admin Box">Admin Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_U-Go" title="Operation U-Go">U Go</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Imphal" title="Battle of Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shangshak" title="Battle of Shangshak">Shangshak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Tennis_Court" title="Battle of the Tennis Court">Tennis Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kohima" title="Battle of Kohima">Kohima</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Myitkyina" title="Siege of Myitkyina">Myitkyina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mogaung" title="Battle of Mogaung">Mogaung</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northern_Burma_and_Western_Yunnan" title="Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan">Northern Burma and Western Yunnan (1943–1945)</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Song" title="Battle of Mount Song">Mount Song</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Burma campaign (1944–1945)">Burma campaign (1944–1945)</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Meiktila_and_Mandalay" title="Battle of Meiktila and Mandalay">Meiktila and Mandalay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pokoku_and_Irrawaddy_River_operations" title="Battle of Pokoku and Irrawaddy River operations">Pakokku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hill_170" title="Battle of Hill 170">Hill 170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramree_Island" title="Battle of Ramree Island">Ramree Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tanlwe_Chaung" title="Battle of Tanlwe Chaung">Tanlwe Chaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dracula" title="Operation Dracula"><i>Dracula</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elephant_Point" title="Battle of Elephant Point">Elephant Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sittang_Bend" title="Battle of the Sittang Bend">Sittang Bend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="South-East_Asian_Theater" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist 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colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">French Indochina</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Thai_War" title="Franco-Thai War">Franco-Thai War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ko_Chang" title="Battle of Ko Chang">Ko Chang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">Coup de main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Revolution" title="August Revolution">August Revolution</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Thailand" title="Japanese invasion of Thailand">Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Bangkok_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Bangkok in World War II">Air raids</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malaya and Singapore</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese invasion of Malaya">Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Singapore_(1941)" title="Bombing of Singapore (1941)">1st Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_Prince_of_Wales_and_Repulse" title="Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse">Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jitra" title="Battle of Jitra">Jitra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Krohcol" title="Operation Krohcol"><i>Krohcol</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gurun" title="Battle of Gurun">Gurun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kampar" title="Battle of Kampar">Kampar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slim_River" title="Battle of Slim River">Slim River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gemas" title="Battle of Gemas">Gemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Muar" title="Battle of Muar">Muar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parit_Sulong_Massacre" title="Parit Sulong Massacre">Parit Sulong Massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_off_Endau" title="Battle off Endau">Endau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">2nd Singapore</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies_campaign" title="Dutch East Indies campaign">Dutch East Indies</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borneo_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)">1st Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manado" title="Battle of Manado">Manado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarakan_(1942)" title="Battle of Tarakan (1942)">Tarakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Balikpapan_(1942)" title="Battle of Balikpapan (1942)">Balikpapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ambon" title="Battle of Ambon">Ambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makassar_Strait" title="Battle of Makassar Strait">Makassar Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Sumatra" title="Invasion of Sumatra">Sumatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Palembang" title="Battle of Palembang">Palembang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badung_Strait" title="Battle of Badung Strait">Badung Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Timor" title="Battle of Timor">Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Langley_(CV-1)#Seaplane_tender" title="USS Langley (CV-1)">USS <i>Langley</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Java_Sea" title="Battle of the Java Sea">1st Java Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sunda_Strait" title="Battle of Sunda Strait">Sunda Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Java_(1942)" title="Battle of Java (1942)">Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Java_Sea" title="Second Battle of the Java Sea">2nd Java Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_8_June_1945" title="Action of 8 June 1945">8 June 1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">2nd Borneo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)" title="Battle of Tarakan (1945)">Tarakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_North_Borneo" title="Battle of North Borneo">North Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Balikpapan_(1945)" title="Battle of Balikpapan (1945)">Balikpapan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II">Indian Ocean</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_27_February_1941" title="Action of 27 February 1941">27 February 1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_8_May_1941" title="Action of 8 May 1941">8 May 1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_HMAS_Sydney" title="Sinking of HMAS Sydney"><i>Sydney</i> vs <i>Kormoran</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_raiders_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Japanese raiders in the Indian Ocean">Japanese raiders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Andaman_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese occupation of the Andaman Islands">Andaman and Nicobar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homfreyganj_massacre" title="Homfreyganj massacre">Homfreyganj massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Christmas_Island" title="Battle of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_raid" title="Indian Ocean raid">1st Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Sunday_Raid" title="Easter Sunday Raid">Easter Sunday Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_Islands_mutiny" title="Cocos Islands mutiny">Cocos Islands mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Battle of Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_13_November_1943" title="Action of 13 November 1943">13 November 1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_11_January_1944" title="Action of 11 January 1944">11 January 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_14_February_1944" title="Action of 14 February 1944">14 February 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_raid_(1944)" title="Indian Ocean raid (1944)">2nd Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_17_July_1944" title="Action of 17 July 1944">17 July 1944</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma, India and China</a></dt></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Burma" title="Japanese invasion of Burma">Japanese invasion of Burma</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bilin_River" title="Battle of Bilin River">Bilin River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sittang_Bridge" title="Battle of Sittang Bridge">Sittang Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pegu" title="Battle of Pegu">Pegu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taukkyan_Roadblock" title="Taukkyan Roadblock">Taukkyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Yunnan%E2%80%93Burma_Road" title="Battle of the Yunnan–Burma Road">Yunnan-Burma Road</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tachiao" title="Battle of Tachiao">Tachiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oktwin" title="Battle of Oktwin">Oktwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toungoo" title="Battle of Toungoo">Toungoo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_Independence_Army#Battle_of_Shwedaung" title="Burma Independence Army">Shwedaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Prome_(1942)" title="Battle of Prome (1942)">Prome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yenangyaung" title="Battle of Yenangyaung">Yenangyaung</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1942%E2%80%931943)" title="Burma campaign (1942–1943)">Burma campaign (1942–1943)</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arakan_Campaign_1942%E2%80%9343" class="mw-redirect" title="Arakan Campaign 1942–43">Arakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hump" title="The Hump">The Hump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chindits" title="Chindits">Chindits</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944)" title="Burma campaign (1944)">Burma campaign (1944)</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chindits#Interlude" title="Chindits">Chindits (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Admin_Box" title="Battle of the Admin Box">Admin Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_U-Go" title="Operation U-Go">U Go</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Imphal" title="Battle of Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sangshak" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sangshak">Sangshak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Tennis_Court" title="Battle of the Tennis Court">Tennis Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kohima" title="Battle of Kohima">Kohima</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Myitkyina" title="Siege of Myitkyina">Myitkyina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mogaung" title="Battle of Mogaung">Mogaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Song" title="Battle of Mount Song">Mount Song</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Burma campaign (1944–1945)">Burma campaign (1944–1945)</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Meiktila_and_Mandalay" title="Battle of Meiktila and Mandalay">Meiktila & Mandalay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pokoku_and_Irrawaddy_River_operations" title="Battle of Pokoku and Irrawaddy River operations">Pakokku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hill_170" title="Battle of Hill 170">Hill 170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramree_Island" title="Battle of Ramree Island">Ramree Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tanlwe_Chaung" title="Battle of Tanlwe Chaung">Tanlwe Chaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dracula" title="Operation Dracula"><i>Dracula</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elephant_Point" title="Battle of Elephant Point">Elephant Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sittang_Bend" title="Battle of the Sittang Bend">Sittang Bend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Second_Sino-Japanese_War" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Second Sino-Japanese War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Second Sino-Japanese War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Second Sino-Japanese War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Second_Sino-Japanese_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><span style="font-size:91%;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War"><span class="wrap">Second Sino-Japanese War</span></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1931–1937 (pre-war skirmishes)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Japanese invasion of Manchuria">Manchuria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mukden_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden Incident">Mukden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lytton_Report" title="Lytton Report">Lytton Report</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangqiao_campaign" title="Jiangqiao campaign">Jiangqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_at_Nenjiang_Bridge" title="Resistance at Nenjiang Bridge">Nenjiang Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou_Operation" title="Jinzhou Operation">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_of_Harbin" title="Defense of Harbin">Harbin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28_incident" title="January 28 incident">1st Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacification_of_Manchukuo" title="Pacification of Manchukuo">Pacification of Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actions_in_Inner_Mongolia_(1933%E2%80%931936)" title="Actions in Inner Mongolia (1933–1936)">Inner Mongolia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_of_the_Great_Wall" title="Defense of the Great Wall">Great Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rehe" title="Battle of Rehe">Rehe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suiyuan_campaign" title="Suiyuan campaign">Suiyuan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>1937–1939</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_Bridge_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Marco Polo Bridge Incident">Marco Polo Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beiping%E2%80%93Tianjin" title="Battle of Beiping–Tianjin">Beiping–Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Chahar" title="Operation Chahar">Chahar</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanghai" title="Battle of Shanghai">2nd Shanghai</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_of_Sihang_Warehouse" title="Defense of Sihang Warehouse">Sihang Warehouse</a></li></ul></li> <li>Railway Operation <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beiping%E2%80%93Hankou_Railway_Operation" title="Beiping–Hankou Railway Operation">Beiping–Hankou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin%E2%80%93Pukou_Railway_Operation" title="Tianjin–Pukou Railway Operation">Tianjin–Pukou</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taiyuan" title="Battle of Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pingxingguan" title="Battle of Pingxingguan">Pingxingguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Xinkou" title="Battle of Xinkou">Xinkou</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nanking" title="Battle of Nanking">Nanking</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Xuzhou" title="Battle of Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taierzhuang" title="Battle of Taierzhuang">Taierzhuang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northern_and_Eastern_Henan" title="Battle of Northern and Eastern Henan">North-East Henan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lanfeng" title="Battle of Lanfeng">Lanfeng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoy_Operation" title="Amoy Operation">Amoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Chongqing" title="Bombing of Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1938_Yellow_River_flood" title="1938 Yellow River flood">Yellow River flood</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wuhan" title="Battle of Wuhan">Wuhan</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wanjialing" title="Battle of Wanjialing">Wanjialing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_Changsha_fire" title="1938 Changsha fire">Wenxi fire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_Operation" title="Canton Operation">Canton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_Island_Operation" title="Hainan Island Operation">Hainan</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nanchang" title="Battle of Nanchang">Nanchang</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Suixian%E2%80%93Zaoyang" title="Battle of Suixian–Zaoyang">Suixian–Zaoyang</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swatow_Operation" title="Swatow Operation">Swatow</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1939)" title="Battle of Changsha (1939)">1st Changsha</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Guangxi" title="Battle of South Guangxi">South Guangxi</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kunlun_Pass" title="Battle of Kunlun Pass">Kunlun Pass</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1939%E2%80%931940_Winter_Offensive" title="1939–1940 Winter Offensive">Winter Offensive</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Suiyuan" title="Battle of West Suiyuan">West Suiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wuyuan" title="Battle of Wuyuan">Wuyuan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>1940–1942</dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zaoyang%E2%80%93Yichang" title="Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang">Zaoyang–Yichang</a></b></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Regiments_Offensive" title="Hundred Regiments Offensive">Hundred Regiments</a></b></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">North Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Hubei_Operation" title="Central Hubei Operation">Central Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Fourth_Army_incident" title="New Fourth Army incident">South Anhui</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Henan" title="Battle of South Henan">South Henan</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Hubei_Operation" title="Western Hubei Operation">West Hubei</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanggao" title="Battle of Shanggao">Shanggao</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Shanxi" title="Battle of South Shanxi">South Shanxi</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941)">2nd Changsha</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941–1942)">3rd Changsha</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Yunnan%E2%80%93Burma_Road" title="Battle of the Yunnan–Burma Road">Yunnan-Burma Road</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tachiao" title="Battle of Tachiao">Tachiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oktwin" title="Battle of Oktwin">Oktwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toungoo" title="Battle of Toungoo">Toungoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yenangyaung" title="Battle of Yenangyaung">Yenangyaung</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang-Jiangxi_campaign" title="Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign">Zhejiang–Jiangxi</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Japanese_invasion_of_Sichuan" title="Proposed Japanese invasion of Sichuan">Sichuan (cancelled)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1943–1945</dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hubei" title="Battle of West Hubei">West Hubei</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northern_Burma_and_Western_Yunnan" title="Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan">North Burma and West Yunnan</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Myitkyina" title="Siege of Myitkyina">Myitkyina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Song" title="Battle of Mount Song">Mount Song</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changde" title="Battle of Changde">Changde</a></b></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ichi-Go" title="Operation Ichi-Go">Ichi-Go</a></b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1944)" title="Battle of Changsha (1944)">4th Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hengyang" title="Battle of Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guilin%E2%80%93Liuzhou" title="Battle of Guilin–Liuzhou">Guilin–Liuzhou</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Henan%E2%80%93North_Hubei" title="Battle of West Henan–North Hubei">West Henan–North Hubei</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hunan" title="Battle of West Hunan">West Hunan</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Guangxi_campaign" title="Second Guangxi campaign">Guangxi</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Aerial_engagements_of_the_Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Aerial engagements of the Second Sino-Japanese War">Air War</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taihoku_Air_Strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Taihoku Air Strike">Taihoku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indian_Ocean_Theatre" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Indian_Ocean_Theatre" title="Template:Campaignbox Indian Ocean Theatre"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Indian_Ocean_Theatre" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Indian Ocean Theatre"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Indian_Ocean_Theatre" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Indian Ocean Theatre"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indian_Ocean_Theatre" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II"><span class="wrap">Indian Ocean Theatre</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_27_February_1941" title="Action of 27 February 1941">27 February 1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_8_May_1941" title="Action of 8 May 1941">8 May 1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_HMAS_Sydney" title="Sinking of HMAS Sydney"><i>Sydney</i> and <i>Kormoran</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_raiders_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Japanese raiders in the Indian Ocean">Japanese merchant raiders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Andaman_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese occupation of the Andaman Islands">Andaman Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homfreyganj_massacre" title="Homfreyganj massacre">Homfreyganj massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Christmas_Island" title="Battle of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_raid" title="Indian Ocean raid">1st Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Sunday_Raid" title="Easter Sunday Raid">Ceylon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_Islands_mutiny" title="Cocos Islands mutiny">Cocos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Stab" title="Operation Stab"><i>Stab</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Battle of Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Creek" title="Operation Creek">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsun_Gruppe" title="Monsun Gruppe"><i>Monsun Gruppe</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_13_November_1943" title="Action of 13 November 1943">13 November 1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_11_January_1944" title="Action of 11 January 1944">11 January 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_14_February_1944" title="Action of 14 February 1944">14 February 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_raid_(1944)" title="Indian Ocean raid (1944)">2nd Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_17_July_1944" title="Action of 17 July 1944">17 July 1944</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pacific_War" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Pacific_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Pacific War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Pacific_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Pacific War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Pacific_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Pacific War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pacific_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">Central Pacific</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshalls%E2%80%93Gilberts_raids" title="Marshalls–Gilberts raids">Marshalls–Gilberts raids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_K" title="Operation K"><i>K</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doolittle_Raid" title="Doolittle Raid">Doolittle Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Midway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Marshall_Islands_campaign" title="Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign">Gilberts and Marshalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_and_Palau_Islands_campaign" title="Mariana and Palau Islands campaign">Marianas and Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano_and_Ryukyu_Islands_campaign" title="Volcano and Ryukyu Islands campaign">Volcano and Ryukyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Inmate" title="Operation Inmate">Truk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Island_massacre" title="Ocean Island massacre">Ocean Island</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II">Indian Ocean (1941–1945)</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_raiders_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Japanese raiders in the Indian Ocean">Japanese merchant raids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Andaman_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese occupation of the Andaman Islands">Andaman Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homfreyganj_massacre" title="Homfreyganj massacre">Homfreyganj massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Christmas_Island" title="Battle of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_raid" title="Indian Ocean raid">1st Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Sunday_Raid" title="Easter Sunday Raid">Ceylon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Stab" title="Operation Stab">Bay of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_raid_(1944)" title="Indian Ocean raid (1944)">2nd Indian Ocean</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">Southeast Asia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Indochina (1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Thai_War" title="Franco-Thai War">Franco-Thai War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Thailand" title="Japanese invasion of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong" title="Battle of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">Indochina (1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Malacca_Strait" title="Battle of the Malacca Strait">Malacca Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Revolution" title="August Revolution">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jurist" title="Operation Jurist"><i>Jurist</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tiderace" title="Operation Tiderace"><i>Tiderace</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Zipper" title="Operation Zipper"><i>Zipper</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_South-East_Asia_(1944%E2%80%9345)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of South-East Asia (1944–45)">Strategic bombing (1944–45)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma and India</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Burma" title="Japanese invasion of Burma">Burma (1941–42)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1942%E2%80%931943)" title="Burma campaign (1942–1943)">Burma (1942–43)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944)" title="Burma campaign (1944)">Burma and India (1944)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Burma campaign (1944–1945)">Burma (1944–45)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">Southwest Pacific</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies_campaign" title="Dutch East Indies campaign">Dutch East Indies (1941–42)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Philippines campaign (1941–1942)">Philippines (1941–42)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_RY" title="Operation RY"><i>RY</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_campaign" title="Solomon Islands campaign">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea" title="Battle of the Coral Sea">Coral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Timor" title="Battle of Timor">Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_naval_activity_in_Australian_waters" title="Axis naval activity in Australian waters">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Guinea_campaign" title="New Guinea campaign">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Britain_campaign" title="New Britain campaign">New Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Philippines campaign (1944–1945)">Philippines (1944–45)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">Borneo (1945)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">North America</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Ellwood" title="Bombardment of Ellwood">Ellwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_campaign" title="Aleutian Islands campaign">Aleutian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)#Bombardment_of_Estevan_Point_Lighthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">Estevan Point Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Fort_Stevens" title="Bombardment of Fort Stevens">Fort Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookout_Air_Raids" title="Lookout Air Raids">Lookout Air Raids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu-Go_balloon_bomb" title="Fu-Go balloon bomb">Fire balloon bombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Hula" title="Project Hula">Project Hula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_PX" title="Operation PX"><i>PX</i></a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Japan_campaign" title="Japan campaign">Japan</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_raids_on_Japan" title="Air raids on Japan">Air raids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Tokyo" title="Bombing of Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Yokosuka" title="Attack on Yokosuka">Yokosuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_Kure_and_the_Inland_Sea_(July_1945)" class="mw-redirect" title="Attacks on Kure and the Inland Sea (July 1945)">Kure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_air_attacks_on_the_Mariana_Islands" title="Japanese air attacks on the Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano_and_Ryukyu_Islands_campaign" title="Volcano and Ryukyu Islands campaign">Volcano and Ryukyu Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Starvation" title="Operation Starvation"><i>Starvation</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_naval_bombardments_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Allied naval bombardments of Japan during World War II">Naval bombardments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sagami_Bay" title="Battle of Sagami Bay">Sagami Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_South_Sakhalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of South Sakhalin">South Sakhalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Kuril_Islands" title="Invasion of the Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shumshu" title="Battle of Shumshu">Shumshu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Downfall" title="Operation Downfall"><i>Downfall</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Japanese surrender</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Manchuria and Northern Korea</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kantokuen" title="Kantokuen">Kantokuen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet invasion of Manchuria">Manchuria (1945)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mutanchiang" title="Battle of Mutanchiang">Mutanchiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seishin_Operation" title="Seishin Operation">Chongjin</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></b> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Military_campaigns_of_the_Empire_of_Japan" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Japanese_colonial_campaigns" title="Template:Campaignbox Japanese colonial campaigns"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Japanese_colonial_campaigns" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Japanese colonial campaigns"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Japanese_colonial_campaigns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Japanese colonial campaigns"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Military_campaigns_of_the_Empire_of_Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Military campaigns of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan"><span class="wrap">Empire of Japan</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Meiji_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji period">Meiji period</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Taiwan_(1874)" title="Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874)">Taiwan (1874)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganghwa_Island_incident" title="Ganghwa Island incident">Ganghwa (1875)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABky%C5%AB_Disposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryūkyū Disposition">Ryukyu (1879)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan (1894–1895)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Intervention" title="Triple Intervention">Liaodong Peninsula (1895)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">China (1899–1901)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Manchuria and Korea (1904–1905)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1910" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910">Korea (1910)</a><br /></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Taishō period">Taishō period</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Tsingtao (1914)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_German_colonial_possessions" title="Japanese occupation of German colonial possessions">German Pacific possesions (1914)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_intervention_in_Siberia" title="Japanese intervention in Siberia">Siberia (1918–1922)</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_(1926%E2%80%931989)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōwa (1926–1989)">Shōwa period</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Japanese invasion of Manchuria">Manchuria and Inner Mongolia (1931–1936)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China (1937–45)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">French Indochina (1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Asia-Pacific (1941–1945)</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Campaigns_of_World_War_II" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_World_War_II" title="Template:Campaignbox World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_World_War_II" title="Template talk:Campaignbox World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Campaigns_of_World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Campaigns of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">Europe</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Polish resistance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Karelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Weser%C3%BCbung" title="Operation Weserübung">Denmark and Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)#1944–1945:_The_Second_Front" title="Western Front (World War II)">1944–1945</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_France" title="Italian invasion of France">Alps 1940</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Alps" title="Second Battle of the Alps">1944</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkans_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Balkans campaign (World War II)">Balkans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavian Partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">Greek resistance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940%E2%80%931944_insurgency_in_Chechnya" title="1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya">Chechnya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Sicily</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Asia-Pacific</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">Pacific Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">South West Pacific</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Thai_War" title="Franco-Thai War">Franco-Thai War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">South-East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma and India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_campaign" title="Japan campaign">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Manchuria and Northern Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_border_conflicts" title="Soviet–Japanese border conflicts">pre-war border conflicts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_Australia_during_World_War_II" title="Attacks on Australia during World War II">Australia</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign" title="Western Desert campaign">Libya-Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Morocco-Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mediterranean" title="Battle of the Mediterranean">Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_campaign_of_World_War_II" title="Adriatic campaign of World War II">Adriatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(World_War_II)" title="Siege of Malta (World War II)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodecanese_campaign" title="Dodecanese campaign">Dodecanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Southern France</a></li></ul> <p><b>Other campaigns</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian%E2%80%93Peruvian_War" title="Ecuadorian–Peruvian War">Ecuador–Peru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctica_during_World_War_II" title="Antarctica during World War II">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_naval_operations_of_World_War_II" title="Arctic naval operations of World War II">Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_warfare_of_World_War_II" title="Air warfare of World War II">Air Warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">Strategic bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">French West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II">Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>Coups</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planned_Nazi_coup_and_invasion_of_Uruguay" title="Planned Nazi coup and invasion of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Norwegian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1940 Norwegian coup d'état">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Yugoslav coup d'état">Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legionnaires%27_rebellion_and_Bucharest_pogrom" title="Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom">Romania 1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1941 Iraqi coup d'état">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy" title="Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday_Coup" title="Palm Sunday Coup">Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_July_plot" title="20 July plot">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorkovi%C4%87%E2%80%93Voki%C4%87_plot" title="Lorković–Vokić plot">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Romanian coup d'état">Romania 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Bulgarian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Bulgarian coup d'état">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Panzerfaust" title="Operation Panzerfaust">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">French Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABj%C5%8D_incident" title="Kyūjō incident">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsue_incident" title="Matsue incident">Matsue</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><b>China Burma India Theater</b> (<b>CBI</b>) was the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States military</a> designation during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> for the <b><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></b> and <b><a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">Southeast Asian</a></b> or <b>India–Burma</b> (IBT) <a href="/wiki/Theater_(warfare)" title="Theater (warfare)">theaters</a>. Operational command of <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> forces (including U.S. forces) in the CBI was officially the responsibility of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander" title="Supreme Allied Commander">Supreme Commanders</a> for <a href="/wiki/South_East_Asia_Command" title="South East Asia Command">South East Asia</a> or China. In practice, U.S. forces were usually overseen by General <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stilwell" title="Joseph Stilwell">Joseph Stilwell</a>, the Deputy Allied Commander in China; the term "CBI" was significant in logistical, material and personnel matters; it was and is commonly used within the US for these theaters. </p><p>U.S. and Chinese fighting forces in the CBI included the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Expeditionary_Force" title="Chinese Expeditionary Force">Chinese Expeditionary Force</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Flying_Tigers" title="Flying Tigers">Flying Tigers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> transport and bomber units flying <a href="/wiki/The_Hump" title="The Hump">the Hump</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Air_Force" title="Tenth Air Force">Tenth Air Force</a>, the <a href="/wiki/1st_Air_Commando_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Air Commando Group">1st Air Commando Group</a>, the engineers who built the <a href="/wiki/Ledo_Road" title="Ledo Road">Ledo Road</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Merrill%27s_Marauders" title="Merrill's Marauders">5307th Composite Unit (Provisional)</a>, popularly known as "Merrill's Marauders", and the 5332d Brigade, Provisional or 'Mars Task Force', which assumed the Marauders' mission. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._strategy_for_China">U.S. strategy for China</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Burma_India_theater&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: U.S. strategy for China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Japanese policy towards China had long been a source of international controversy. Western powers had exploited China through the <a href="/wiki/Open_door_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Open door policy">open door policy</a>, advocated by United States diplomat <a href="/wiki/William_Woodville_Rockhill" title="William Woodville Rockhill">William Woodville Rockhill</a>, while Japan intervened more directly, creating the puppet-state of <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a>. By 1937, Japan was engaged in a <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">full-scale war of conquest in China</a>. The infamous <a href="/wiki/Rape_of_Nanking" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape of Nanking">Rape of Nanking</a> galvanized Western opinion and led to direct financial aid for the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> (Nationalists) and increasing economic sanctions against Japan. </p><p>In 1941, the U.S. made a series of decisions to support China in its war with Japan: <a href="/wiki/Lend_Lease" class="mw-redirect" title="Lend Lease">Lend Lease</a> supplies were provided after President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> announced the defense of China to be vital to the defense of the United States. Over the summer, as Japan moved south into <a href="/wiki/French_Indo-China" class="mw-redirect" title="French Indo-China">French Indo-China</a>, the U.S., Britain and the Netherlands instituted an oil embargo on Japan, cutting off 90% of its supplies. The embargo threatened the operations of the <a href="/wiki/Kwantung_Army" title="Kwantung Army">Kwantung Army</a>, which had over a million soldiers deployed in China. Japan responded with a tightly co-ordinated offensive on 7/8 December, simultaneously attacking <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Philippines campaign (1941–1942)">the Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese invasion of Malaya">Malaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Singapore_(1941)" title="Bombing of Singapore (1941)">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong" title="Battle of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1941)" title="Battle of Guam (1941)">Guam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wake_Island" title="Battle of Wake Island">Wake Island</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Thailand" title="Japanese invasion of Thailand">Thailand</a>. </p><p>Japan cut off Allied supplies to China that had been coming through <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>. China could be supplied only by flying over the <a href="/wiki/Himalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Himalaya">Himalaya</a> mountains ("<a href="/wiki/The_Hump" title="The Hump">The Hump</a>") from India,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or capturing territory in Burma and building a new road—the <a href="/wiki/Ledo_Road" title="Ledo Road">Ledo Road</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Burma">Burma</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Burma_India_theater&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Burma"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brig_Gen_Merrill_and_Lt_Gen_Stilwell_meet_near_Naubum_Burma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Brig_Gen_Merrill_and_Lt_Gen_Stilwell_meet_near_Naubum_Burma.jpg/220px-Brig_Gen_Merrill_and_Lt_Gen_Stilwell_meet_near_Naubum_Burma.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Brig_Gen_Merrill_and_Lt_Gen_Stilwell_meet_near_Naubum_Burma.jpg/330px-Brig_Gen_Merrill_and_Lt_Gen_Stilwell_meet_near_Naubum_Burma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Brig_Gen_Merrill_and_Lt_Gen_Stilwell_meet_near_Naubum_Burma.jpg/440px-Brig_Gen_Merrill_and_Lt_Gen_Stilwell_meet_near_Naubum_Burma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="478" data-file-height="399" /></a><figcaption>Merrill and Stilwell meet near Naubum, Burma.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1941 and 1942, Japan was overextended. Its naval base could not defend its conquests, and its industrial base could not strengthen its navy. To cut off China from Allied aid, it went into Burma and captured <a href="/wiki/Rangoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rangoon">Rangoon</a> on 8 March 1942, cutting off the <a href="/wiki/Burma_Road" title="Burma Road">Burma Road</a>. Moving north, the Japanese took Tounggoo and captured <a href="/wiki/Lashio" title="Lashio">Lashio</a> in northern Burma on 29 April. The British, primarily concerned with India, looked to Burma as the main theater of action against Japan and wanted Chinese troops to fight there.<sup id="cite_ref-Donovan_Webster_2003_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donovan_Webster_2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States conjured up visions of millions of Chinese soldiers who would hold the Japanese then throw them back, while providing close-in airbases for a systematic firebombing of Japanese cities. Chinese Nationalist leader <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> realized it was all fantasy. On the other hand, there were vast sums of American dollars available if he collaborated. He did so and managed to feed his starving soldiers, but they were so poorly equipped and led that offensive operations against the Japanese in China were impossible. However, Chiang did release the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Expeditionary_Force" title="Chinese Expeditionary Force">Chinese Expeditionary Force</a> of two Chinese armies for action in Burma under <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stilwell" title="Joseph Stilwell">Stilwell</a>. Due to conflicts between Chiang, the British, Stilwell, and American General <a href="/wiki/Claire_Chennault" class="mw-redirect" title="Claire Chennault">Claire Chennault</a>, as well as general ill-preparedness against the more proficient Japanese army, the Burma defense collapsed. Stilwell escaped to India, but the recovery of Burma and construction of the Ledo Road to supply China became a new obsession for him.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>"On April 14, 1942, <a href="/wiki/William_J._Donovan" title="William J. Donovan">William Donovan</a>, as Coordinator of Information (forerunner of the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services" title="Office of Strategic Services">Office of Strategic Services</a>), activated <a href="/wiki/Detachment_101" class="mw-redirect" title="Detachment 101">Detachment 101</a> for action behind enemy lines in <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>. The first unit of its kind, the Detachment was charged with gathering intelligence, harassing the Japanese through <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_tactics" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerrilla tactics">guerrilla actions</a>, identifying targets for the Army Air Force to bomb, and rescuing downed Allied airmen. Because Detachment 101 was never larger than a few hundred Americans, it relied on support from various tribal groups in Burma. In particular, the vigorously anti-Japanese <a href="/wiki/Kachin_people" title="Kachin people">Kachin people</a> were vital to the unit's success."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> Detachment 101's efforts opened the way for Stilwell's Chinese forces, <a href="/wiki/Orde_Wingate" title="Orde Wingate">Wingate's</a> Raiders, <a href="/wiki/Merrill%27s_Marauders" title="Merrill's Marauders">Merrill's Marauders</a>, and the counter-attack against the Japanese Imperial life-line.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Allied_command_structure">Allied command structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Burma_India_theater&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Allied command structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._and_Allied_land_forces">U.S. and Allied land forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Burma_India_theater&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: U.S. and Allied land forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_Sherman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Chinese_Sherman.jpg/220px-Chinese_Sherman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Chinese_Sherman.jpg/330px-Chinese_Sherman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Chinese_Sherman.jpg/440px-Chinese_Sherman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption>Chinese M4A4 Sherman in the CBI Battlefield</figcaption></figure> <p>US forces in the CBI were administered by General <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stilwell" title="Joseph Stilwell">Joseph "Vinegar Joe" Stilwell</a>. However, unlike other combat theaters, for example the <a href="/wiki/European_Theater_of_Operations" class="mw-redirect" title="European Theater of Operations">European Theater of Operations</a>, the CBI was never a "<a href="/wiki/Theater_of_operations" class="mw-redirect" title="Theater of operations">theater of operations</a>" and did not have an overall operational command structure. Initially U.S. land units were split. Those in China were technically commanded by <a href="/wiki/Generalissimo" title="Generalissimo">Generalissimo</a> <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatloff1990442_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatloff1990442-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as Stillwell was Chief of Staff to the Supreme Allied Commander in China. When the GALAHAD force (later to become the 5307th Composite Unit (Provisional)) arrived in Bombay in October 1943, it came under the British-led <a href="/wiki/South_East_Asia_Command" title="South East Asia Command">South East Asia Command</a> (SEAC) and Admiral <a href="/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten,_1st_Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma">Lord Mountbatten</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Stilwell often broke the <a href="/wiki/Command_hierarchy" title="Command hierarchy">chain of command</a> and communicated directly with the US <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> on operational matters. </p><p>When joint allied command was agreed upon, it was decided that the senior position should be held by a British officer because the British had the greatest number of forces in India and Burma (in much the same way as the US did in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a>). Admiral Lord Mountbatten was appointed as the Supreme Allied Commander of South-East Asia forces in October 1943. Chiang however later objected to deferring to Mountbatten on matters related to operations in China.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>General Stilwell, who also had operational command of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Combat_Area_Command" title="Northern Combat Area Command">Northern Combat Area Command</a> (NCAC), a US-Chinese formation, was to report in theory to Gen. <a href="/wiki/George_Giffard" title="George Giffard">George Giffard</a> – commander of <a href="/wiki/British_11th_Army_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="British 11th Army Group">Eleventh Army Group</a> – so that NCAC and the <a href="/wiki/British_Fourteenth_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="British Fourteenth Army">British Fourteenth Army</a>, under the command of General <a href="/wiki/William_Slim" class="mw-redirect" title="William Slim">William Slim</a>, could be co-ordinated. However, in practice, Gen. Stilwell never agreed to this arrangement. Stilwell was able to do this because of his multiple positions within complex command structures, including especially his simultaneous positions of Deputy Supreme Allied Commander South East Asia, and Chief of Staff to Chinese leader Generalissimo <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a>. As SEAC's deputy leader, Stilwell was Giffard's superior, but as operational commander of NCAC, Giffard was Stilwell's superior. As the two men did not get on, this inevitably lead to conflict and confusion. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Stilwell, however, bitterly resisted [taking orders from Giffard] ... To watch Stilwell, when hard pressed, shift his opposition from one of the several strong-points he held by virtue of his numerous Allied, American and Chinese offices, to another was a lesson in mobile offensive-defence.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>William Slim<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlim1956205–207_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlim1956205–207-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Eventually at a SEAC meeting to sort out the chain of command for NCAC, Stilwell astonished everyone by saying "I am prepared to come under General Slim's operational control until I get to <a href="/wiki/Kamaing" title="Kamaing">Kamaing</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlim1956205–207_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlim1956205–207-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although far from ideal, this compromise was accepted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlim1956205–207_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlim1956205–207-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Stilwell was the control and co-ordinating point for all command activity in the theater, his assumption of personal direction of the advance of the Chinese Ledo forces into north Burma in late 1943 meant that he was often out of touch with both his own headquarters and with the overall situation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatloff1990442_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatloff1990442-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Not until late 1944, after Stilwell was recalled to Washington, was the chain of command clarified. His overall role, and the CBI command, was then split among three people: Lt Gen. <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Albert_Wheeler" title="Raymond Albert Wheeler">Raymond Wheeler</a> became Deputy Supreme Allied Commander South East Asia; Major-General <a href="/wiki/Albert_Coady_Wedemeyer" title="Albert Coady Wedemeyer">Albert Wedemeyer</a> became Chief of Staff to Chiang Kai-shek, and commander of US Forces, China Theater (USFCT). Lt Gen. <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Isom_Sultan" title="Daniel Isom Sultan">Daniel Sultan</a> was promoted, from deputy commander of CBI to commander of US Forces, India–Burma Theater (USFIBT) and commander of the NCAC. The 11th Army Group was redesignated <a href="/wiki/Allied_Land_Forces_South_East_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied Land Forces South East Asia">Allied Land Forces South East Asia</a> (ALFSEA), and NCAC was decisively placed under this formation. However, by the time the last phase of the <a href="/wiki/Burma_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma Campaign">Burma Campaign</a> began in earnest, NCAC had become irrelevant, and it was dissolved in early 1945. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Training_the_Chinese_Army">Training the Chinese Army</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Burma_India_theater&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Training the Chinese Army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ramgarh Training Center, in Bihar Province, India, an American-staffed, American-operated organisation, was established on 30 June 1942 by General Stilwell, the Commanding General, USAF, CBI, for the training of Chinese troops in India. The Supreme Commander, China Theater, General Chiang Kai-Shek, had approved <a href="/wiki/Ramgarh_Cantonment" title="Ramgarh Cantonment">Ramgarh Cantonment</a>, as the site for a training center to train, equip, and reinforce the Chinese troops that had retreated into India from Burma.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_Chief_of_Military_History1959_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_Chief_of_Military_History1959-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first Chinese troops arrived on 17 July 1942. </p><p>Headquarters RTC and Hq Camp Ramgarh combined and CG RTC assumed command on 1 February 1943. (These two organizations and Hq <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Army_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Army in India">Chinese Army in India</a> were the three original command organizations at Ramgarh.) Headquarters Ramgarh Training Center was responsible for the training of Chinese Army in India, and Headquarters Chinese Army in India was responsible for the activation, organization, administration, and command of Chinese units.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_Chief_of_Military_History1959_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_Chief_of_Military_History1959-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Army_and_Allied_Air_Forces">U.S. Army and Allied Air Forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Burma_India_theater&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: U.S. Army and Allied Air Forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After consultation among the Allied governments, <a href="/wiki/Air_Command_South-East_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Command South-East Asia">Air Command South-East Asia</a> was formed in November 1943 to control all Allied air forces in the theater, with Air Chief Marshal Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Peirse" title="Richard Peirse">Richard Peirse</a> as Commander-in-Chief.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Peirse's deputy, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">USAAF</a> Major General <a href="/wiki/George_E._Stratemeyer" title="George E. Stratemeyer">George E. Stratemeyer</a>, <b>Eastern Air Command</b> (EAC) was organized in 1943 to control Allied air operations in Burma, with headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-roll-of-honour.org.uk_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roll-of-honour.org.uk-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the strained relations and confusion with Allied ground force commands, air force operations in the CBI were relatively smooth. Relations improved even further after new U.S. military aid began arriving, together with capable USAAF officers such as Brigadier General <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_D._Old&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William D. Old (page does not exist)">William D. Old</a> of CBI Troop Carrier Command,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Colonels <a href="/wiki/Philip_Cochran" title="Philip Cochran">Philip Cochran</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_R._Alison" title="John R. Alison">John R. Alison</a> of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Air_Commando_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Air Commando Group">1st Air Commando Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within Eastern Air Command, Air Marshal Sir <a href="/wiki/Jack_Baldwin_(RAF_officer)" title="Jack Baldwin (RAF officer)">John Baldwin</a> commanded the Third Tactical Air Force, originally formed to provide close air support to the Fourteenth Army. Baldwin was later succeeded by Air Marshal Sir <a href="/wiki/Alec_Coryton" title="Alec Coryton">Alec Coryton</a>. U.S. Brigadier-General <a href="/wiki/Howard_C._Davidson" title="Howard C. Davidson">Howard C. Davidson</a> and later Air Commodore <a href="/wiki/F._J._W._Mellersh" class="mw-redirect" title="F. J. W. Mellersh">F. J. W. Mellersh</a> commanded the Strategic Air Force. In the new command, various units of the Royal Air Force and the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Air_Force" title="Tenth Air Force">Tenth Air Force</a> worked side-by-side. In the autumn of 1943 SEAAC had 48 RAF and 17 USAAF squadrons; by the following May, the figures had risen to 64 and 28, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-roll-of-honour.org.uk_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roll-of-honour.org.uk-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At Eastern Air Command, Gen. Stratemeyer had a status comparable to that of Stilwell.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coordinating the efforts of the various allied air components while maintaining relations with diverse command structures proved a daunting task. Part of Stratemeyer's command, the Tenth Air Force, had been integrated with the <a href="/wiki/RAF_Third_Tactical_Air_Force" title="RAF Third Tactical Air Force">RAF Third Tactical Air Force</a> in India in December 1943 and was tasked with a number of roles in support of a variety of allied forces. Another component, the US <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Air_Force" title="Fourteenth Air Force">Fourteenth Air Force</a> in China, was under the jurisdiction of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek as China theater commander. Although the <a href="/wiki/India-China_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="India-China Division">India-China Division</a> of the AAF's <a href="/wiki/Air_Transport_Command_(United_States_Air_Force)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Transport Command (United States Air Force)">Air Transport Command</a> received its tonnage allocations from Stratemeyer as Stilwell's deputy, ICD reported directly to Headquarters ATC in Washington, D.C. </p><p>In the spring of 1944, the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">Boeing B-29 Superfortresses</a> in the theater, presaged a major offensive against Japan. <a href="/wiki/XX_Bomber_Command" title="XX Bomber Command">XX Bomber Command</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Air_Force" title="Twentieth Air Force">Twentieth Air Force</a> was tasked with the strategic bombing of Japan under <a href="/wiki/Operation_Matterhorn" title="Operation Matterhorn">Operation Matterhorn</a>. It engaged in very-long-range <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">Boeing B-29 Superfortress</a> bombardment operations against Japan, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Formosa</a>, China, <a href="/wiki/Indochina" class="mw-redirect" title="Indochina">Indochina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>. It reported directly to the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> in Washington, D.C., and had no command relationship with any authority in India. However, XX Bomber Command remained totally dependent on Eastern Air Command for supplies, bases, ground staff, and infrastructure support. </p><p>The B-29 force included the <a href="/wiki/1st_Photo_Squadron_(Detachment_C)" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Photo Squadron (Detachment C)">1st Photo Squadron</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/58th_Bombardment_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="58th Bombardment Wing">58th Bombardment Wing</a> at <a href="/wiki/Chakulia" title="Chakulia">Chakulia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kharagpur" title="Kharagpur">Kharagpur</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/40th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="40th Bombardment Group">40th</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chakulia_Airport" title="Chakulia Airport">Chakulia Airport</a>), <a href="/wiki/444th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="444th Bombardment Group">444th</a>, <a href="/wiki/462d_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="462d Bombardment Group">462nd</a>, and <a href="/wiki/468th_Bombardment_Group" title="468th Bombardment Group">468th Bombardment Groups</a>. </p><p>While in India, XX BC was supported logistically by <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Air_Force" title="Tenth Air Force">Tenth Air Force</a> and the <a href="/wiki/India-China_Division,_Air_Transport_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="India-China Division, Air Transport Command">India-China Division, Air Transport Command</a>. The B-29 groups moved to West Field, <a href="/wiki/Tinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinian">Tinian</a>, in early 1945. </p><p>After a period of reshuffling, Eastern Air Command's air operations began to show results. In August 1944, Admiral Mountbatten said to a press conference that EAC fighter missions had practically swept the Japanese air force from Burmese skies. Between the formation of ACSEA in November 1943, and the middle of August 1944, American and British forces operating in Burma destroyed or damaged more than 700 Japanese aircraft with a further 100 aircraft probably destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-burmastar.org.uk_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burmastar.org.uk-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This achievement considerably reduced dangers to Air Transport Command cargo planes flying in support of <a href="/wiki/The_Hump" title="The Hump">the Hump</a> airlift operation. By May 1944, EAC resupply missions in support of the Allied ground offensive had carried 70,000 tons of supplies and transported a total of 93,000 men, including 25,500 casualties evacuated from the battle areas. These figures did not include tonnage flown in the Hump airlift missions to China.<sup id="cite_ref-burmastar.org.uk_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burmastar.org.uk-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="USAAF_Order_of_Battle">USAAF Order of Battle</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Burma_India_theater&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: USAAF Order of Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Air_Force" title="Tenth Air Force">Tenth Air Force</a></b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1st_Air_Commando_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Air Commando Group">1st Air Commando Group</a></b> (1944–1945)<br />Burma, India (B-25, P-51, P-47, C-47)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1st_Combat_Cargo_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Combat Cargo Group">1st Combat Cargo Group</a></b> (1944–1945)<br />Burma, India, China (C-47, C-46).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2nd_Air_Commando_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Air Commando Group">2nd Air Commando Group</a></b> (1944–1945)<br />Burma, India (P-51, C-47)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/3d_Combat_Cargo_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="3d Combat Cargo Group">3d Combat Cargo Group</a></b> (1944–1945)<br />Burma, India (C-47).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/4th_Combat_Cargo_Group" title="4th Combat Cargo Group">4th Combat Cargo Group</a></b> (1944–1945)<br />Burma, India (C-47, C-46).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/7th_Bomb_Wing" title="7th Bomb Wing">7th Bombardment Group</a></b> (1942–1945)<br />India (B-17, B-24).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/12th_Flying_Training_Wing" title="12th Flying Training Wing">12th Bombardment Group</a></b> (1944–1945)<br />India (B-25).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/33d_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="33d Fighter Wing">33d Fighter Group</a></b> (1944–1945)<br />India (P-38, P-47)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/80th_Flying_Training_Wing" title="80th Flying Training Wing">80th Fighter Group</a></b> (1943–1945)<br />India, Burma (P-38, P-40, P-47)</li></ul> <p><b>Transferred in 1944 to Fourteenth Air Force:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/311th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="311th Fighter Group">311th Fighter Group</a></b> (1943–1944)<br />India, Burma (A-36, P-51)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/341st_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="341st Bombardment Group">341st Bombardment Group</a></b> (1943–1944)<br />India, Burma (B-25)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/443d_Troop_Carrier_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="443d Troop Carrier Group">443d Troop Carrier Group</a></b> (1944–1945)<br />India (C-47/C-53)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/426th_Night_Fighter_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="426th Night Fighter Squadron">426th Night Fighter Squadron</a></b> (1944) <br />India (P-61)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/427th_Night_Fighter_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="427th Night Fighter Squadron">427th Night Fighter Squadron</a></b> (1944) <br />India (P-61)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Air_Force" title="Fourteenth Air Force">Fourteenth Air Force</a></b> </p> <ul><li><b>68th Composite Wing</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/23d_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="23d Fighter Group">23d Fighter Group</a> (1942–1945) (P-40, P-51)<br />Formerly <a href="/wiki/American_Volunteer_Group" title="American Volunteer Group">American Volunteer Group</a> (AVG) "Flying Tigers".</li></ul></li> <li><b>69th Composite Wing</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/51st_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="51st Fighter Group">51st Fighter Group</a>: 1942–1945 (P-40, P-38, P-51).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/341st_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="341st Bombardment Group">341st Bombardment Group</a> 1944–1945 (B-25).</li></ul></li> <li><b>312th Fighter Wing</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/33rd_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="33rd Fighter Group">33rd Fighter Group</a>: 1944 (P-38, P-47).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/81st_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="81st Fighter Group">81st Fighter Group</a>: 1944–1945 (P-40, P-47).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/311th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="311th Fighter Group">311th Fighter Group</a>: 1944–1945 (A-36, P-51).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese-American_Composite_Wing_(Provisional)" title="Chinese-American Composite Wing (Provisional)">Chinese-American Composite Wing (Provisional)</a> (1943–1945) <ul><li><b>3rd Fighter Group (Provisional)</b> (P-40, P-51)</li> <li><b>5th Fighter Group (Provisional)</b> (P-40, P-51)</li> <li><b>1st Bombardment Group (Medium, Provisional)</b> (B-25)</li></ul></li> <li>Other assigned units: <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/402d_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="402d Fighter Group">402d Fighter Group</a></b>:<br />May – July 1943. Assigned but never equipped.</li> <li><b>476th Fighter Group</b>:<br /> May – July 1943. Assigned but never equipped.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/308th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="308th Bombardment Group">308th Bombardment Group</a></b>:(B-24)<br />March 1943 – February 1945</li></ul></li> <li>From Tenth Air Force in 1944–1945: <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/341st_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="341st Bombardment Group">341st Bombardment Group</a></b>: (B-25)<br />January 1944 – November 1945</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/443d_Troop_Carrier_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="443d Troop Carrier Group">443d Troop Carrier Group</a></b>: (C-47/C-54) <br />Aug – November 1945</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/426th_Night_Fighter_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="426th Night Fighter Squadron">426th Night Fighter Squadron</a></b>: P-61) <br />1944 – 1945</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/427th_Night_Fighter_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="427th Night Fighter Squadron">427th Night Fighter Squadron</a></b>: (P-61) <br />1944 – 1945</li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Burma_India_theater&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Prose plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Prose" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>is in <a href="/wiki/MOS:LIST" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LIST">list</a> format but may read better as <a href="/wiki/MOS:PROSE" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:PROSE">prose</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=China_Burma_India_theater&action=edit">converting this section</a>, if appropriate. <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing help</a> is available.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Early 1942 Stilwell was promoted to lieutenant general and tasked with establishing the CBI.</li> <li>25 February 1942 Stilwell arrived in India by which time Singapore and <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a> had both been invaded by the Japanese Army.</li> <li>10 March 1942 Stilwell is named Chief of Staff of Allied armies in the Chinese theatre of operations.</li> <li>19 March 1942 Stilwell's command in China is extended to include the Chinese 5th and 6th Armies operating in Burma after Chiang Kai-shek gave his permission.</li> <li>20 March 1942 Chinese troops under Stilwell engage Japanese forces along the Sittang River in Burma.</li> <li>9 April 1942 <a href="/wiki/Claire_Chennault" class="mw-redirect" title="Claire Chennault">Claire Chennault</a> inducted into U.S. Army as a colonel, bringing the AVG <a href="/wiki/Flying_Tigers" title="Flying Tigers">Flying Tigers</a> squadrons under Stilwell's nominal authority.</li> <li>16 April 1942 7,000 British soldiers, and 500 prisoners and civilians were encircled by the <a href="/wiki/33rd_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="33rd Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">Japanese 33rd Division</a> at Yenangyaung.</li> <li>19 April 1942 The 113th Regiment of the Chinese Expeditionary Force's New 38th Division led by General <a href="/wiki/Sun_Li-jen" title="Sun Li-jen">Sun Li-jen</a> attacked and defeated the encircling Japanese troops rescuing the encircled British troops and civilians. This is historically called <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yenangyaung" title="Battle of Yenangyaung">Battle of Yenangyaung</a>.</li> <li>2 May 1942 The commander of Allied forces in Burma, General <a href="/wiki/Harold_Alexander" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Alexander">Harold Alexander</a>, ordered a general retreat to India. Stilwell left his Chinese troops and began the long evacuation with his personal staff (he called it a "walk out") to India.</li> <li>Most of the Chinese troops, who were supposed to be under Stilwell's command, were deserted in Burma without knowledge of the retreat. Under Chiang Kai-shek they made a hasty and disorganised retreat to India. Some of them tried to return to Yunnan through remote mountainous forests and out of these, at least half died.</li> <li>24 May 1942 Stilwell arrived in Delhi.</li> <li>New Delhi and Ramgarh became the main training centre for Chinese troops in India. Chiang Kai-shek gave Stilwell command of what was left of the 22nd and 38th Divisions of the Chinese Army.</li> <li>1 December 1942 British General Sir <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Wavell" class="mw-redirect" title="Archibald Wavell">Archibald Wavell</a>, as Commander-in-Chief, India, agreed with Stilwell to make the <a href="/wiki/Ledo_Road" title="Ledo Road">Ledo Road</a> an American operation.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August 1943 US creates a jungle <a href="/wiki/Commando" title="Commando">commando</a> unit, similar to the <a href="/wiki/Chindits" title="Chindits">Chindits</a>, to be commanded by Major General <a href="/wiki/Frank_Merrill" title="Frank Merrill">Frank Merrill</a>; it is informally called "Merrill's Marauders".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Exhaustion and disease led to the early evacuation of many Chinese and American troops before the coming assault on Myitkyina.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>21 December Stilwell assumed direct control of operations to capture <a href="/wiki/Myitkyina" title="Myitkyina">Myitkyina</a>, having built up forces for an offensive in Northern Burma.</li> <li>24 February 1944 <a href="/wiki/Merrill%27s_Marauders" title="Merrill's Marauders">Merrill's Marauders</a>, attacked the Japanese 18th Division in Burma. This action enabled Stilwell to gain control of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakawing_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hakawing Valley (page does not exist)">Hakawing Valley</a>.</li> <li>17 May 1944 British general <a href="/wiki/William_Slim" class="mw-redirect" title="William Slim">Slim</a> in command of the <a href="/wiki/Burma_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma Campaign">Burma Campaign</a> handed control of the Chindits to Stilwell.</li> <li>17 May 1944 Chinese troops, with the help of Merrill's Marauders, captured Myitkina airfield.</li> <li>3 August 1944 Myitkina fell to the Allies. The Marauders had advanced 750 miles and fought in five major engagements and 32 skirmishes with the Japanese Army. They lost 700 men, only 1,300 Marauders reached their objective and of these, 679 had to be hospitalized. This included General Merrill who had suffered a second-heart attack before going down with malaria.</li> <li>Some time before 27 August 1944, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten,_1st_Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma">Mountbatten</a> supreme allied commander (SEAC) ordered General Stilwell to evacuate all the wounded Chindits.</li> <li>During 1944 the Japanese in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ichi-Go" title="Operation Ichi-Go">Operation Ichi-Go</a> overran US air bases in eastern China. Chiang Kai-shek blamed Stilwell for the Japanese success, and pressed the US high command to recall him.</li> <li>October 1944 Roosevelt recalled Stilwell, whose role was split (as was the CBI): <ul><li>Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Albert_Wheeler" title="Raymond Albert Wheeler">Raymond Wheeler</a> became Deputy Supreme Allied Commander South East Asia.</li> <li>Major General <a href="/wiki/Albert_Coady_Wedemeyer" title="Albert Coady Wedemeyer">Albert Wedemeyer</a> became Chief of Staff to <i>Chiang Kai-shek</i> and commander of the U.S. Forces, China Theater (USFCT).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Isom_Sultan" title="Daniel Isom Sultan">Daniel Sultan</a> was promoted from deputy commander to become commander of US Forces India-Burma Theater (USFIBT) and commander of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Combat_Area_Command" title="Northern Combat Area Command">Northern Combat Area Command</a></li></ul></li> <li>12 January 1945, the first convoy over the <a href="/wiki/Ledo_Road" title="Ledo Road">Ledo Road</a> of 113 vehicles led by General <a href="/wiki/Lewis_A._Pick" title="Lewis A. Pick">Pick</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ledo,_Assam" title="Ledo, Assam">Ledo</a> reached <a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a>, China on 4 February 1945. Over the next seven months 35,000 tons of supplies in 5,000 vehicles were carried along it.<sup id="cite_ref-Donovan_Webster_2003_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donovan_Webster_2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Burma_India_theater&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/64px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/India-China_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="India-China Division">India-China Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Cochran" title="Philip Cochran">Philip Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixie_Mission" title="Dixie Mission">The Dixie Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._theaters_of_operations_in_World_War_II#China_Burma_India_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. theaters of operations in World War II">U.S. campaigns in World War II – China Burma India Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSS_Detachment_101" title="OSS Detachment 101">OSS Detachment 101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Newtown_Hunter" title="Charles Newtown Hunter">Charles N. Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Expeditionary_Force_(Burma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Expeditionary Force (Burma)">Chinese Expeditionary Force (Burma)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Burma_India_theater&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Burma_India_theater&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRossi1998" class="citation web cs1">Rossi, J.R. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flyingtigersavg.22web.org/tiger1.htm">"The Flying Tigers – American Volunteer Group – Chinese Air Force"</a>. <i>AVG</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AVG&rft.atitle=The+Flying+Tigers+%E2%80%93+American+Volunteer+Group+%E2%80%93+Chinese+Air+Force&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Rossi&rft.aufirst=J.R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flyingtigersavg.22web.org%2Ftiger1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Burma+India+theater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bliss K. Thorne, <i>The Hump: The Great Military Airlift of World War II</i> (1965)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evan Mawdsley, <i>World War II: A New History,</i> Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2020, 162. ISBN 9781108496094, 1108496091</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Donovan_Webster_2003-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Donovan_Webster_2003_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Donovan_Webster_2003_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Donovan Webster, <i>The Burma Road: The Epic Story of the China–Burma–India Theater in World War II</i> (2003)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tuchman, <i>Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911–45</i> (1971) ch. 12–14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernstein2014" class="citation book cs1">Bernstein, Richard (2014). <i>China 1945 : Mao's revolution and America's fateful choice</i> (First ed.). New York. pp. 39–44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307595881" title="Special:BookSources/9780307595881"><bdi>9780307595881</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+1945+%3A+Mao%27s+revolution+and+America%27s+fateful+choice&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=39-44&rft.edition=First&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780307595881&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Burma+India+theater" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Central Intelligence Agency. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070613111914/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/fall_winter_2001/article07.html"><i>Behind Japanese Lines in Burma: The Stuff of Intelligence Legend (2001)</i></a>. Retrieved 30 May 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/William_R._Peers" title="William R. Peers">Peers, William R.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dean_Brelis" title="Dean Brelis">Dean Brelis</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Burma_Road" title="Behind the Burma Road">Behind the Burma Road: The Story of America’s Most Successful Guerrilla Force</a></i>. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1963, back cover.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatloff1990442-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatloff1990442_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatloff1990442_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatloff1990">Matloff 1990</a>, p. 442.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomanusSutherland1987" class="citation web cs1">Romanus, Charles F.; Sutherland, Riley (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-CBI-Command/USA-CBI-Command-1.html">"United States Army in World War II China-Burma-India Theater: Stillwell's Command Problems [Chapter 1]"</a>. <i>www.ibiblio.org</i>. Washington, DC.: Center of Military History. p. 34-35<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ibiblio.org&rft.atitle=United+States+Army+in+World+War+II+China-Burma-India+Theater%3A+Stillwell%27s+Command+Problems+%5BChapter+1%5D&rft.pages=34-35&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Romanus&rft.aufirst=Charles+F.&rft.au=Sutherland%2C+Riley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FUSA%2FUSA-CBI-Command%2FUSA-CBI-Command-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Burma+India+theater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._Department_of_State_Bureau_of_Public_Affairs_Historical_Office1961" class="citation book cs1">U.S. Department of State Bureau of Public Affairs Historical Office (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/DFRXSHIYSKS2S8Z"><i>Foreign relations of the United States diplomatic papers: The Conferences at Cairo and Tehran 1943</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foreign+relations+of+the+United+States+diplomatic+papers%3A+The+Conferences+at+Cairo+and+Tehran+1943&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1961&rft.au=U.S.+Department+of+State+Bureau+of+Public+Affairs+Historical+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.wisc.edu%2F1711.dl%2FDFRXSHIYSKS2S8Z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Burma+India+theater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESlim1956205–207-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlim1956205–207_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlim1956205–207_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlim1956205–207_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSlim1956">Slim 1956</a>, pp. 205–207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_Chief_of_Military_History1959-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_Chief_of_Military_History1959_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_Chief_of_Military_History1959_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOffice_of_the_Chief_of_Military_History1959">Office of the Chief of Military History 1959</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL1999–2000" class="citation web cs1">L, Klemen (1999–2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warfare.gq/dutcheastindies/peirse.html">"Air Chief Marshal Sir Richard Edmund Charles Peirse"</a>. <i>Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forgotten+Campaign%3A+The+Dutch+East+Indies+Campaign+1941%E2%80%931942&rft.atitle=Air+Chief+Marshal+Sir+Richard+Edmund+Charles+Peirse&rft.date=1999%2F2000&rft.aulast=L&rft.aufirst=Klemen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwarfare.gq%2Fdutcheastindies%2Fpeirse.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Burma+India+theater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roll-of-honour.org.uk-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-roll-of-honour.org.uk_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-roll-of-honour.org.uk_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roll of Honour, Britain at War, <i>The Air Forces in Burma</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.roll-of-honour.org.uk/Cemeteries/Rangoon_Memorial/html/air_forces_in_burma.htm">http://www.roll-of-honour.org.uk/Cemeteries/Rangoon_Memorial/html/air_forces_in_burma.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Air Supply Operations in the China-Burma-India Theater - <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA536643.pdf">http://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA536643.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Masters, John. <i>The Road Past Mandalay</i>, Bantam Press (1979), pp. 146–148 and 308–309</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rafweb.org/Cmd_O3.htm">Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation: Overseas Commands – Iraq, India and the Far East</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080806113118/http://www.rafweb.org/Cmd_O3.htm">Archived</a> 6 August 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-burmastar.org.uk-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-burmastar.org.uk_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-burmastar.org.uk_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mountbatten, Admiral Lord Louis, <i>Address to the Press, August 1944</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.burmastar.org.uk/aug44mountbatten.htm">http://www.burmastar.org.uk/aug44mountbatten.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080929143719/http://www.burmastar.org.uk/aug44mountbatten.htm">Archived</a> 29 September 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adrian Fort, <i>Archibald Wavell: The Life and Death of the Imperial Servant</i> (2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward Young, <i>Merrill's Marauders</i> (2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/Bjorge/BJORGE.asp">assault on Myitkyina town</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070609232526/http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/Bjorge/BJORGE.asp">Archived</a> 9 June 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWedemeyer1958" class="citation book cs1">Wedemeyer, Albert C. (1958). <i>Wedemeyer Reports! Autobiography</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wedemeyer+Reports%21+Autobiography&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Wedemeyer&rft.aufirst=Albert+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Burma+India+theater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Burma_India_theater&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatloff1990" class="citation cs2">Matloff, Maurice (1990) [1959], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/sp1943-44/index.htm"><i>Strategic planning for coalition warfare 1943–1944</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a>, <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/53-61477">53-61477</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strategic+planning+for+coalition+warfare+1943%E2%80%931944&rft.pub=United+States+Army+Center+of+Military+History&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F53-61477&rft.aulast=Matloff&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fbooks%2Fwwii%2Fsp1943-44%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Burma+India+theater" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Chief_of_Military_History1959" class="citation web cs1">Office of the Chief of Military History (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/OrderOfBattleUsArmyPtoWw2/page/n3/mode/2up">"Order of Battle of the United States Army Ground Forces In World War II : Pacific Theater of Operations : administrative and logistical commands, armies, corps, and divisions"</a>. Washington DC: Department of the Army<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Order+of+Battle+of+the+United+States+Army+Ground+Forces+In+World+War+II+%3A+Pacific+Theater+of+Operations+%3A+administrative+and+logistical+commands%2C+armies%2C+corps%2C+and+divisions&rft.place=Washington+DC&rft.pub=Department+of+the+Army&rft.date=1959&rft.au=Office+of+the+Chief+of+Military+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FOrderOfBattleUsArmyPtoWw2%2Fpage%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Burma+India+theater" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. <ul><li>China-Burma-India section replicated at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://cbi-theater.com/cbi-history/cbi_history.html">https://cbi-theater.com/cbi-history/cbi_history.html</a></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlim1956" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/William_Slim" class="mw-redirect" title="William Slim">Slim, William</a> (1956), <i>Defeat into Victory</i>, London: Cassell</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defeat+into+Victory&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Cassell&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Slim&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Burma+India+theater" class="Z3988"></span> a first hand account by the British commander.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomanusSunderland1953" class="citation book cs1">Romanus, Charles F.; Sunderland, Riley (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-CBI-Mission/USA-CBI-Mission-1.html"><i>Stilwell's Mission to China</i></a>. Government Printing Office. Library of Congress 35-603349.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stilwell%27s+Mission+to+China&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Romanus&rft.aufirst=Charles+F.&rft.au=Sunderland%2C+Riley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FUSA%2FUSA-CBI-Mission%2FUSA-CBI-Mission-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+Burma+India+theater" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Additional source</dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vip.book.sina.com.cn/book/chapter_100738_63681.html">寻找少校梅姆瑞</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Burma_India_theater&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bidwell, Shelford. <i>The Chindit War: Stilwell, Wingate, and the Campaign in Burma, 1944</i>. (1979)</li> <li>Forbes, Andrew and Henley, David (2011). <i>China's Ancient Tea Horse Road</i>. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B005DQV7Q2">B005DQV7Q2</a></li> <li>Edwards, Roderick (2020). <i>Should've Been With Me: The Wilfred Scull Story</i>. United States: KDP Books. <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B095BG9N18">B095BG9N18</a></li> <li>Hogan, David W. <i>India-Burma</i> (1999) Official US Army history pamphlet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-C-India/index.html">Ibiblio.org online edition</a></li> <li>Kraus, Theresa L. <i> China Offensive</i> (1999) Brief official US Army history; 24 pp <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-C-ChinaO/index.html">Ibiblio.org online edition</a></li> <li>Latimer, Jon. <i>Burma: The Forgotten War</i>. London: John Murray, 2004.</li> <li>Morley, James, ed. <i>The Fateful Choice: Japan's Advance into Southeast Asia, 1939–1941</i>. (1980).</li> <li>Lewin, Ronald. <i>The Chief: Field Marshal Lord Wavell, Commander-in-Chief and Viceroy, 1939–1947</i>. (1980).</li> <li>MacGarrigle, George L. <i>Central Burma</i> (1999) Official US Army history pamphlet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-C-Burma45/index.html">Ibiblio.org online edition</a></li> <li>Newell, Clayton R. <i>Burma, 1942</i> (1999) Official US Army history pamphlet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-C-Burma/index.html">Ibiblio.org online edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Peers" title="William R. Peers">Peers, William R.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dean_Brelis" title="Dean Brelis">Dean Brelis</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Burma_Road" title="Behind the Burma Road">Behind the Burma Road: The Story of America’s Most Successful Guerrilla Force</a></i>. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1963.</li> <li>Romanus, Charles F. and Riley Sunderland. <i>Stilwell's Command Problems</i> (1956) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706101820/http://ibiblio.net/hyperwar/USA/USA-CBI-Command/index.html">Ibiblio.org online edition</a>; and <i>Time Runs Out in CBI</i> (1958) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080724111516/http://www.ibiblio.net/hyperwar/USA/USA-CBI-Time/index.html">Ibiblio.org online edition</a>. Official U.S. Army history</li> <li>Sherry, Mark D. <i> China Defensive,</i> (1999) Official US Army history pamphlet <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-C-ChinaD/index.html">Ibiblio.org online edition</a></li> <li>Tuchman, Barbara. <i>Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911–45</i>. (1972) (The British edition is titled <i>Against the Wind: Stilwell and the American Experience in China 1911–45,</i>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Stilwell-American-Experience-China-1911-45/dp/0802138527/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Webster, Donovan. <i>The Burma Road: The Epic Story of the China-Burma-India Theater in World War II</i>. (2003)</li> <li>Yu, Maochun. <i>The Dragon's War: Allied Operations and the Fate of China, 1937–1947</i>. (2006).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historiography">Historiography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Burma_India_theater&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Historiography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lee, Lloyd, ed. <i>World War II in Asia and the Pacific and the War's aftermath, with General Themes: A Handbook of Literature and Research</i>. (1998) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/library/book/world-war-ii-in-asia-and-the-pacific-and-the-wars-aftermath-with-general-themes-a-handbook-of-literature-and-research-by-loyd-e-lee.jsp">online edition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090429070704/http://www.questia.com/library/book/world-war-ii-in-asia-and-the-pacific-and-the-wars-aftermath-with-general-themes-a-handbook-of-literature-and-research-by-loyd-e-lee.jsp">Archived</a> 29 April 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Resor, Eugene. <i>The China-Burma-India Campaign, 1931–1945: Historiography and Annotated Bibliography</i> (1998) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/library/120080325/the-china-burma-india-campaign-1931-1945-historiography">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Burma_India_theater&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:China_Burma_India_Theater" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:China Burma India Theater">China Burma India Theater</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbi-theater.com">CHINA-BURMA-INDIA – Remembering the Forgotten Theater of World War II</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbi-history.com">CBI Order of Battle: Unit Lineages and History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/493.html">Records of U.S. Theaters of War, World War II:332.3.2 Records of Headquarters U.S. Army Forces, China-Burma-India (HQ USAF CBI)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/11-9/CBI.htm">The China-Burma-India Theater</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100608105502/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/11-9/CBI.htm">Archived</a> 8 June 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, three volumes in the United States Army in World War II: Reader's Guide series, by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/burma42/burma42.htm"><i>Burma, 1942</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110828045431/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/burma42/burma42.htm">Archived</a> 28 August 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, a publication of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/centburma/centburma.htm"><i>Central Burma</i> (29 January – 15 July 1945)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708140801/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/centburma/centburma.htm">Archived</a> 8 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, a publication of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/indiaburma/indiaburma.htm"><i>India-Burma</i> (2 April 1942 – 28 January 1945)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719212652/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/indiaburma/indiaburma.htm">Archived</a> 19 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, a publication of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041015212334/http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwii/CrisisFleeting/frameindex.html"><i>Crisis Fleeting: Original Reports on Military Medicine in India and Burma in the Second World War</i></a>: Office of the US Surgeon General: Office of Medical History (USOMH)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbi-theater.com/dad/links.html">China-Burma-India Theater on the Internet</a>—List of links</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040624212907/http://www.nimitz-museum.org/cbiprimer.htm">Forgotten Warriors: China-Burma-India</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090720142132/http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/WW2Timeline/detachment101.html">OSS Detachment 101 in Burma</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010724174025/http://www.oss-101.com/history.html">Detachment 101 Office of Strategic Services Burma - April 14, 1942 to July 12, 1945 "The American-Kachin Rangers"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.warbirdforum.com/avg.htm">Annals of the Flying Tigers</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204180911/http://www.historyanimated.com/BurmaPage.html">Animated History of The Burma Campaign</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060821214710/http://www.nightfighter.info/">Night Fighter by J R Smith</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Photographs</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collections.lib.uwm.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISORESTMP=results.php&CISOVIEWTMP=item_viewer.php&CISOMODE=thumb&CISOGRID=thumbnail,A,1;title,A,1;captio,A,0;para,200,0;none,A,0;20;relevancy,none,none,none,none&CISOBIB=title,A,1,N;captio,A,0,N;para,200,0,N;none,A,0,N;none,A,0,N;20;relevancy,none,none,none,none&CISOTHUMB=20%20(4x5);subjec,subjea,none,none,none&CISOTITLE=20;title,none,none,none,none&CISOHIERA=20;para,title,none,none,none&CISOSUPPRESS=0&CISOTYPE=link&CISOOP1=all&CISOFIELD1=title&CISOBOX1=&CISOOP2=all&CISOFIELD2=para&CISOBOX2=1943-1945+Bert+Krawczyk+Photos+of+China+during+World+War+II&CISOOP3=all&CISOFIELD3=data&CISOBOX3=&CISOOP4=all&CISOFIELD4=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOBOX4=&c=all&CISOROOT=%2Fagsphoto">1943–1945 Bert Krawczyk Photos of China during World War II</a> – University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries Digital Collections</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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