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class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Geist</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Michael Geist</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Geist_headshot.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Michael_Geist_headshot.JPG/220px-Michael_Geist_headshot.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Michael_Geist_headshot.JPG/330px-Michael_Geist_headshot.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Michael_Geist_headshot.JPG/440px-Michael_Geist_headshot.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Michael Geist in October 2007</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Michael Allen Geist</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1968-07-11</span>) </span>July 11, 1968<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 56)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Canadian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Western_Ontario" title="University of Western Ontario">University of Western Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osgoode_Hall_Law_School" title="Osgoode Hall Law School">Osgoode Hall Law School</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Law_School" title="Columbia Law School">Columbia Law School</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Academic and <a href="/wiki/Canada_Research_Chair" title="Canada Research Chair">Canada Research Chair</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employer</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ottawa" title="University of Ottawa">University of Ottawa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://michaelgeist.ca">michaelgeist<wbr />.ca</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Michael Allen Geist</b> is a Canadian <a href="/wiki/Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic">academic</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Research_Chair" title="Canada Research Chair">Canada Research Chair</a> in Internet and E-Commerce Law at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ottawa" title="University of Ottawa">University of Ottawa</a>. He is the editor of four books on copyright law and privacy law,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he edits two newsletters on Canadian information technology and privacy law.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Geist writes syndicated columns for some of Canada's largest newspapers, including the <a href="/wiki/Globe_and_Mail" class="mw-redirect" title="Globe and Mail">Globe and Mail</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Citizen" title="Ottawa Citizen">Ottawa Citizen</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SSHRC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSHRC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His blog on the Internet and intellectual property law is a three-time Best Canadian Law Blog winner.<sup id="cite_ref-SSHRC_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSHRC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Geist was named one of Canada's Top 40 Under 40 in 2002,<sup id="cite_ref-:5_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Canadian Lawyer</i> magazine identified Geist as one of the country's 25 most influential lawyers.<sup id="cite_ref-SSHRC_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSHRC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has been listed globally as one of the top fifty influential people in regard to intellectual property by <a href="/wiki/Managing_Intellectual_Property" title="Managing Intellectual Property">Managing Intellectual Property</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geist has received the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a>'s <a href="/wiki/EFF_Pioneer_Award" title="EFF Pioneer Award">EFF Pioneer Award</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Public_Knowledge" title="Public Knowledge">Public Knowledge</a> IP3 Award, regarded as two of the top digital rights awards in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-SSHRC_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSHRC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All Geist's books and articles are published under <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> or <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a> licences.<sup id="cite_ref-SSHRC_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSHRC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Geist&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Michael Geist attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Western_Ontario" title="University of Western Ontario">University of Western Ontario</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Osgoode_Hall_Law_School" title="Osgoode Hall Law School">Osgoode Hall Law School</a> at York University where he earned a Bachelor of Laws (<i>LL.B.</i>) degree. He obtained a Master of Laws (<i>LL.M.</i>) from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, and a Master of Laws (<i>LL.M.</i>) degree and Doctorate in Law (<i>J.S.D.</i>) from <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Law_School" title="Columbia Law School">Columbia Law School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-About_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Geist&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Michael Geist joined the Faculty of Law at the University of Ottawa in 1998, and was promoted to full professor in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-About_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has held visiting positions at the University of Haifa, Hong Kong University and Tel Aviv University. Geist is a Former Senior Fellow at the <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_International_Governance_Innovation" title="Centre for International Governance Innovation">Centre for International Governance Innovation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CIGI_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIGI-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is a member of the University of Ottawa's <i>Centre for Law, Technology and Society</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-About_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to professional journal publications, Geist is the author of <i>Internet Law in Canada</i>, 3rd Edition, and has edited four books on copyright law and privacy law in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geist is author of a popular blog on the Internet and intellectual property law,<sup id="cite_ref-SSHRC_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSHRC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and author of the "Law Bytes" podcast.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Geist has served on numerous boards and advisory panels, including the board of <a href="/wiki/Ingenium" title="Ingenium"> Ingenium: Canada's Museums of Science and Innovation</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the board of Internet Archive Canada;<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a> Advisory Board;<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/CanLII" title="CanLII">Canadian Legal Information Institute</a> Board of Directors;<sup id="cite_ref-Tyee_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tyee-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Privacy_Commissioner_of_Canada" title="Privacy Commissioner of Canada">Privacy Commissioner of Canada</a>'s Expert Advisory Board;<sup id="cite_ref-Tyee_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tyee-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Information Program Sub-Board of the Open Society Institute;<sup id="cite_ref-Tyee_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tyee-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Waterfront_Toronto" title="Waterfront Toronto">Waterfront Toronto</a>'s Digital Strategy Advisory Panel.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Copyright_Law">Copyright Law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Geist&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Copyright Law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Geist supports a consumer-oriented approach to copyright law, and he led the public response to proposed legislation in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-delay_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-delay-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geist's research "played a key role in influencing policy-makers during the enactment of Bill C-11, which modernized the Copyright Act of Canada for the digital age."<sup id="cite_ref-SSHRC_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSHRC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His work has been cited in several Supreme Court of Canada copyright decisions.<sup id="cite_ref-SSHRC_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSHRC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Geist, proposed Canadian legislation in 2007 included the worst aspects of the 1998 U.S. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Millennium_Copyright_Act" title="Digital Millennium Copyright Act">Digital Millennium Copyright Act</a> (DCMA) "with strong anti-circumvention legislation — far beyond what is needed to comply with the WIPO Internet treaties" and with no protection for "flexible fair dealing. No parody exception. No time shifting exception. No device shifting exception. No expanded backup provision. Nothing."<sup id="cite_ref-ingram_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ingram-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Geist has continued to play a prominent role on copyright in Canada, with numerous articles,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> speeches,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> books,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and appearances before House of Commons and Senate committees.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2011, when the Canadian government attempted to pass a new bill on copyright reform which included digital lock rules, Geist argued that, based on former submissions to the government on Bill C-32 and the 2009 national copyright consultation, the bill was too restrictive and was primarily about satisfying U.S. pressure, not public opinion."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trade:_ACTA,_the_TPP_and_USMCA"><span id="Trade:_ACTA.2C_the_TPP_and_USMCA"></span>Trade: ACTA, the TPP and USMCA</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Geist&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Trade: ACTA, the TPP and USMCA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Geist is considered an expert on intellectual property and digital trade issues associated with trade agreements.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He played a key role in the failed international <a href="/wiki/Anti-Counterfeiting_Trade_Agreement" title="Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement">Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement</a> (ACTA), criticizing the ACTA negotiation process for lack of transparency, and warning of possible negative consequences for Internet users.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Fulbright_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fulbright-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was similarly active in assessing the implications of the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and reforms to the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> (NAFTA), later called the <a href="/wiki/United_States-Mexico-Canada_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement">United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement</a> (USMCA)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the United States or CUSMA in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Telecom:_Usage-based_billing_and_Net_Neutrality">Telecom: Usage-based billing and Net Neutrality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Geist&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Telecom: Usage-based billing and Net Neutrality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011, Geist criticized the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Radio-television_and_Telecommunications_Commission" title="Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission">Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission</a>'s (CRTC) history of inability to foster an atmosphere of competition that would allow third-party <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_providers" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet service providers">internet service providers</a> (ISPs) to gain a foothold in the Canadian market. He did note, with the CRTC's usage based oral hearing on July 19, 2011, that they were making efforts to address this lack of competition and criticized <a href="/wiki/Bell_Canada" title="Bell Canada">Bell Canada</a> and other major companies for their involvement in limiting smaller ISPs.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 2011, he wrote a report on the transport costs of a gigabyte for a Canadian consumer from an ISP and concluded it was roughly eight cents per gigabyte. This report was later denounced by the major ISPs, most notably Bell Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Geist has been a vocal supporter of <a href="/wiki/Net_neutrality" title="Net neutrality">net neutrality</a> in Canada, writing widely on the subject<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and frequently discussing the issue in the mainstream media.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, he appeared before the House of Commons Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics to explain his key concerns to Members of Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Privacy">Privacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Geist&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Privacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Geist has regularly appeared before House of Commons committees to discuss privacy protection and potential reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is the editor of the <i>Canadian Privacy Law Review</i> and served on the Privacy Commissioner of Canada's Expert Advisory Board.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is the editor of the 2015 book, <i>Law, Privacy and Surveillance in Canada in the Post-Snowden Era.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Website_blocking">Website blocking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Geist&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Website blocking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018, Geist opposed a proposal to establish a website-blocking system in Canada to be overseen by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote dozens of widely cited posts on concerns with the proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CRTC rejected the proposal on jurisdictional grounds in October 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Online_Streaming_Act_(Bill_C-11)"><span id="The_Online_Streaming_Act_.28Bill_C-11.29"></span>The Online Streaming Act (Bill C-11)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Geist&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The Online Streaming Act (Bill C-11)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Geist criticized the <a href="/wiki/Online_Streaming_Act" title="Online Streaming Act">Online Streaming Act</a> (Bill C-11) because it could limit <a href="/wiki/Consumer_choice" title="Consumer choice">consumer choice</a> if imposing restrictions causes streaming platforms to charge more, or pull out of Canada. Also, altering how discovery works would be detrimental to content creators.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He said the government, through its regulator the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Radio-television_and_Telecommunications_Commission" title="Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission">Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission</a> (CRTC), "gets to determine what gets prioritized…It's going to make choices – elevating some and deprioritizing others. That clearly has an impact on individual Canadians' expressive rights."<sup id="cite_ref-Curry2021_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curry2021-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Online_News_Act_(Bill_C-18)"><span id="The_Online_News_Act_.28Bill_C-18.29"></span>The Online News Act (Bill C-18)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Geist&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The Online News Act (Bill C-18)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Geist expressed three major concerns with the <a href="/wiki/Online_News_Act" title="Online News Act">Online News Act</a>, Bill C-18. He opposes, in principle, requiring payment for links, indexing, and any other mechanism to facilitate access to news because of "the harm to freedom of expression and the free flow of information online".<sup id="cite_ref-Geist20230225_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geist20230225-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, the Act would only apply to Google and Meta platforms, leaving out similar companies such as X (formerly Twitter), Apple, Microsoft, and <a href="/wiki/Generative_artificial_intelligence" title="Generative artificial intelligence">generative artificial intelligence</a> companies, such as <a href="/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Geist20230620_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geist20230620-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further, the definition of eligible news businesses was expanded, and goes beyond the standards established under the Income Tax Act which govern <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/businesses/topics/corporations/business-tax-credits/qualified-canadian-journalism-organization.html/">Qualified Canadian Journalism Organizations</a>. As a result, Geist said "the bill would require payments to broadcasters without any actual journalism or original news content. That isn't funding for journalism or journalists. It is creating a subsidy program that only requires a CRTC-issued licence."<sup id="cite_ref-Geist20230225_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geist20230225-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Geist&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Law, Privacy and Surveillance in Canada in the Post-Snowden Era</i>, Editor.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Copyright Pentalogy: How the Supreme Court of Canada Shook the Foundations of Canadian Copyright Law</i>, Editor.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>From Radical Extremism to Balanced Copyright: Canadian Copyright and the Digital Agenda</i>, Editor.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>In the Public Interest: The Future of Canadian Copyright Law</i>, Editor.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Internet Law in Canada</i>, 3rd Edition.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_recognition">Awards and recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Geist&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Awards and recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2023, Privacy and Access Council of Canada <i>Fellowship Award</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2018, Appointment to the Order of Ontario.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2018, <i>Vox Libera Award</i> for his contribution to freedom of expression by <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Journalists_for_Free_Expression" title="Canadian Journalists for Free Expression">Canadian Journalists for Freedom of Expression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2016, University of Ottawa <i>Open Scholarship Award</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2011, 2012, 2013, Named one of the 25 most influential lawyers in Canada by <i>Canadian Lawyer</i> magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-canadianlawyermag.com_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canadianlawyermag.com-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2010, <i>Kroeger College Award in Public Affairs</i>, for Policy Leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2010, Listed globally as one of the top fifty influential people in regard to intellectual property by <a href="/wiki/Managing_Intellectual_Property" title="Managing Intellectual Property">Managing Intellectual Property</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2010, <i>IP3 Award</i> from the Washington-based public interest group <a href="/wiki/Public_Knowledge" title="Public Knowledge">Public Knowledge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2009, <i>Les Fowlie Award</i> for Intellectual Freedom from the Ontario Library Association<sup id="cite_ref-:4_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a>'s <a href="/wiki/EFF_Pioneer_Award" title="EFF Pioneer Award">EFF Pioneer Award</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SSHRC_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSHRC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2003, Canarie's IWAY Public Leadership Award.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SSHRC_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSHRC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2002, Named one of Canada's Top 40 Under 40.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Geist&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.michaelgeist.ca/category/books/">"Michael Geist, Books"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michael+Geist%2C+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.michaelgeist.ca%2Fcategory%2Fbooks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Geist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.michaelgeist.ca/category/newsletters/">"Michael Geist, Newsletters"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michael+Geist%2C+Newsletters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.michaelgeist.ca%2Fcategory%2Fnewsletters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Geist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SSHRC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SSHRC_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SSHRC_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SSHRC_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SSHRC_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SSHRC_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SSHRC_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SSHRC_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SSHRC_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SSHRC_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SSHRC_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sshrc-crsh.gc.ca/results-resultats/prizes-prix/2013/connection_geist-connexion_geist-eng.aspx">"Connection Award Winner: Michael Geist"</a>. Government of Canada: Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council. May 11, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Connection+Award+Winner%3A+Michael+Geist&rft.pub=Government+of+Canada%3A+Social+Sciences+and+Humanities+Research+Council&rft.date=2012-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sshrc-crsh.gc.ca%2Fresults-resultats%2Fprizes-prix%2F2013%2Fconnection_geist-connexion_geist-eng.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Geist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.top40award-canada.org/2002RecipientsList.pdf">Canada’s Top 40 Under 40</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110905003553/http://www.top40award-canada.org/2002recipientslist.pdf">Archived</a> September 5, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.managingip.com/Article/2632898/Search/Meet-the-50-most-influential-people-in-IP.html?Home=true&Keywords=michael+geist&Brand=Site&PageMove=1">"Meet the 50 Most Influential People in IP"</a>, <i>Managing Intellectual Property</i>, July 1, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-About-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-About_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michaelgeist.ca/about/">"About"</a>. <i>michaelgeist.ca</i>. Michael Geist<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=michaelgeist.ca&rft.atitle=About&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.michaelgeist.ca%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Geist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIGI-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIGI_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cigionline.org/people/michael-geist/">"Michael Geist"</a>. Centre for International Governance Innovation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michael+Geist&rft.pub=Centre+for+International+Governance+Innovation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cigionline.org%2Fpeople%2Fmichael-geist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Geist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.michaelgeist.ca/category/books/">"Books, Michael Geist"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Books%2C+Michael+Geist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.michaelgeist.ca%2Fcategory%2Fbooks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Geist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.michaelgeist.ca/blog/">"Blog, Michael Geist"</a>. Michael Geist.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blog%2C+Michael+Geist&rft.pub=Michael+Geist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.michaelgeist.ca%2Fblog%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Geist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.michaelgeist.ca/podcast/">"Podcast, Michael Geist"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Podcast%2C+Michael+Geist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.michaelgeist.ca%2Fpodcast%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Geist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ingeniumcanada.org/sites/default/files/2019-03/Biography%20-%20Board%20of%20Trustees%20-%202019.pdf">"Board of Trustees: Biography"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ingenium: Canada's Museums of Science and Innovation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Board+of+Trustees%3A+Biography&rft.pub=Ingenium%3A+Canada%27s+Museums+of+Science+and+Innovation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fingeniumcanada.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2019-03%2FBiography%2520-%2520Board%2520of%2520Trustees%2520-%25202019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Geist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ic.gc.ca/app/scr/cc/CorporationsCanada/fdrlCrpDtls.html?corpId=4355091">"Federal Corporation Information - 435509-1 - Online Filing Centre - Corporations Canada - Corporations - Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada"</a>. <i>www.ic.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ic.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Federal+Corporation+Information+-+435509-1+-+Online+Filing+Centre+-+Corporations+Canada+-+Corporations+-+Innovation%2C+Science+and+Economic+Development+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ic.gc.ca%2Fapp%2Fscr%2Fcc%2FCorporationsCanada%2FfdrlCrpDtls.html%3FcorpId%3D4355091&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Geist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeist2017" class="citation news cs1">Geist, Michael (January 24, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/rob-commentary/the-trouble-for-canadian-digital-policy-in-an-america-first-world/article33729352/">"The trouble for Canadian digital policy in an 'America first' world"</a>. The Globe and Mail.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+trouble+for+Canadian+digital+policy+in+an+%27America+first%27+world&rft.date=2017-01-24&rft.aulast=Geist&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Freport-on-business%2Frob-commentary%2Fthe-trouble-for-canadian-digital-policy-in-an-america-first-world%2Farticle33729352%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Geist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eff.org/about/advisoryboard">"Advisory Board"</a>. <i>Electronic Frontier Foundation</i>. September 25, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Frontier+Foundation&rft.atitle=Advisory+Board&rft.date=2007-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eff.org%2Fabout%2Fadvisoryboard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Geist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tyee-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tyee_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tyee_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tyee_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thetyee.ca/Bios/Michael_Geist/">"Michael Geist"</a>. 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September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Radical+Extremism+to+Balanced+Copyright%3A+Canadian+Copyright+and+the+Digital+Agenda&rft.date=2010-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FCCDAfull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Geist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/In_the_Public_Interest:_The_Future_of_Canadian_Copyright_Law">"In the Public Interest: The Future of Canadian Copyright Law"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+the+Public+Interest%3A+The+Future+of+Canadian+Copyright+Law&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.creativecommons.org%2Fwiki%2FIn_the_Public_Interest%3A_The_Future_of_Canadian_Copyright_Law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Geist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.michaelgeist.ca/category/books/page/2/">"Internet Law in Canada, 3rd Edition"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Internet+Law+in+Canada%2C+3rd+Edition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.michaelgeist.ca%2Fcategory%2Fbooks%2Fpage%2F2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Geist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techlaw.uottawa.ca/news/michael-geist-receives-pacc-fellowship-award">"Michael Geist receives PACC Fellowship Award"</a>. Centre for Law, Technology and Society; University of Ottawa. March 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michael+Geist+receives+PACC+Fellowship+Award&rft.pub=Centre+for+Law%2C+Technology+and+Society%3B+University+of+Ottawa&rft.date=2023-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechlaw.uottawa.ca%2Fnews%2Fmichael-geist-receives-pacc-fellowship-award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Geist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.ontario.ca/mci/en/2018/01/the-2017-appointees-to-the-order-of-ontario.html">"The 2017 Appointees to the Order of Ontario"</a>. <i>news.ontario.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newswire.ca&rft.atitle=CJFE+to+honour+North+American+media+at+21st+annual+gala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newswire.ca%2Fnews-releases%2Fcjfe-to-honour-north-american-media-at-21st-annual-gala-701345941.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Geist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarlycommunication.uottawa.ca/uottawa-initiatives/open-scholarship-award">"Open Scholarship Award"</a>. <i>Scholarly Communication</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=carleton.ca&rft.atitle=Award+Winners+-+Arthur+Kroeger+College&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarleton.ca%2Fakcollege%2Fawards-for-public-affairs%2Faward-winners-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Geist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publicknowledge.org/about-us/ip3-awards/">"Public Knowledge IP3 Awards - Public Knowledge"</a>. <i>Public Knowledge</i>. October 26, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Knowledge&rft.atitle=Public+Knowledge+IP3+Awards+-+Public+Knowledge&rft.date=2006-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicknowledge.org%2Fabout-us%2Fip3-awards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Geist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181029191641/http://www.accessola.org/web/Documents/OLA/Membership/Awards/OLA%20Les%20Fowlie%20Intellectual%20Freedom%20Award.pdf">"Past recipients of OLA Les Fowlie Award"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from the original on October 29, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Past+recipients+of+OLA+Les+Fowlie+Award&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessola.org%2Fweb%2FDocuments%2FOLA%2FMembership%2FAwards%2FOLA%2520Les%2520Fowlie%2520Intellectual%2520Freedom%2520Award.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Geist" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.michaelgeist.ca/2003/09/geist-named-canarie-iway-public-leadership-award-winner/">"Geist Named Canarie IWAY Public Leadership Award Winner"</a>. September 23, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geist+Named+Canarie+IWAY+Public+Leadership+Award+Winner&rft.date=2003-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.michaelgeist.ca%2F2003%2F09%2Fgeist-named-canarie-iway-public-leadership-award-winner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Geist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Geist&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michaelgeist.ca/index.php">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2508596/">Michael Geist</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Videos">Videos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Geist&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Videos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tX1uExapMc">NAFTA and the Digital Environment, November 2017</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=699&v=V2zzgy_gsGg">Copyright and NAFTA Renegotiation, October 2017</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ryecast.ryerson.ca/11/Watch/11904.aspx">Canadian Copyright, OA, and OER: Why the Open Access Road Still Leads Back to Copyright, October 2017</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTrS1GeADQU">Canada and the TPP: A Digital Policy Failure, October 2015</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_A4w485K7tM">Why Watching the Watchers Isn't Enough, January 2015</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SKUv_27swF0">Beyond SOPA: ACTA, WIPO and Global Copyright, January 2012</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4iBAM4HGXfo">Speech at International Data Protection and Privacy Commissioner's conference, September 2007</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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