CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Thiruvalla - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"2b2517b6-7c63-4d16-bde5-1dec25643887","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Thiruvalla","wgTitle":"Thiruvalla","wgCurRevisionId":1263530395,"wgRevisionId":1263530395,"wgArticleId":1504495,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from August 2020","Use Indian English from October 2015","All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Coordinates on Wikidata","Pages with Malayalam IPA","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from March 2024","Articles needing additional references from March 2024" ,"All articles needing additional references","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Thiruvalla","Cities and towns in Pathanamthitta district"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Thiruvalla","wgRelevantArticleId":1504495,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":9.385555555555555,"lon":76.57555555555555},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[], "wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2336443","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init" :"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.6"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Sree_Vallabha_Temple_Thiruvalla.jpg/1200px-Sree_Vallabha_Temple_Thiruvalla.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="581"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Sree_Vallabha_Temple_Thiruvalla.jpg/800px-Sree_Vallabha_Temple_Thiruvalla.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="387"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Sree_Vallabha_Temple_Thiruvalla.jpg/640px-Sree_Vallabha_Temple_Thiruvalla.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="310"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Thiruvalla - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvalla"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvalla"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Thiruvalla rootpage-Thiruvalla skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Thiruvalla" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Thiruvalla" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Thiruvalla" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Thiruvalla" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ancient period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Growth_to_Feudalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Growth_to_Feudalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>The Growth to Feudalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Growth_to_Feudalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Early Modern period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_and_climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_and_climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography and climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sports subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indoor_Cricket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indoor_Cricket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Indoor Cricket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indoor_Cricket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food_and_other_cultural_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food_and_other_cultural_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Food and other cultural activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food_and_other_cultural_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_persons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_persons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notable persons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_persons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Thiruvalla</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2" title="তিরুবল্ল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তিরুবল্ল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruvalla" title="Tiruvalla – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tiruvalla" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruvalla" title="Tiruvalla – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tiruvalla" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvalla" title="Thiruvalla – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Thiruvalla" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruvalla" title="Tiruvalla – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tiruvalla" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="तिरुवल्ला – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तिरुवल्ला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2" title="ঠিরুৱল্ল – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ঠিরুৱল্ল" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvalla" title="Thiruvalla – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Thiruvalla" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%94" title="טירובלה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טירובלה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2" title="തിരുവല്ല – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തിരുവല്ല" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvalla" title="Thiruvalla – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Thiruvalla" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruvalla" title="Tiruvalla – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tiruvalla" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvalla" title="Thiruvalla – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thiruvalla" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruvalla" title="Tiruvalla – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Tiruvalla" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvalla" title="Thiruvalla – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Thiruvalla" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruvalla" title="Tiruvalla – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tiruvalla" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE" title="திருவல்லா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திருவல்லா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8D" title="తిరువల్లాయ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తిరువల్లాయ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%91%D8%A7" title="تروَلّا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تروَلّا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvalla" title="Thiruvalla – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thiruvalla" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%82%E9%B2%81%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%8B%89" title="蒂鲁瓦尔拉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蒂鲁瓦尔拉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2336443#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalla" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Thiruvalla" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalla"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalla"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Thiruvalla" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Thiruvalla" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&oldid=1263530395" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Thiruvalla&id=1263530395&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FThiruvalla"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FThiruvalla"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Thiruvalla&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Thiruvalla" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2336443" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Thiruvalla&params=9_23_08_N_76_34_32_E_type:city(52883)_region:IN-KL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">9°23′08″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°34′32″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">9.38556°N 76.57556°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">9.38556; 76.57556</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Kerala, India</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Municipality in Kerala, India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Thiruvalla</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">Municipality</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:312px;max-width:312px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:310px;max-width:310px"><div style=";height:142px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KSRTC_Terminal_Complex,_Thiruvalla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/KSRTC_Terminal_Complex%2C_Thiruvalla.jpg/308px-KSRTC_Terminal_Complex%2C_Thiruvalla.jpg" decoding="async" width="308" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/KSRTC_Terminal_Complex%2C_Thiruvalla.jpg/462px-KSRTC_Terminal_Complex%2C_Thiruvalla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/KSRTC_Terminal_Complex%2C_Thiruvalla.jpg/616px-KSRTC_Terminal_Complex%2C_Thiruvalla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1184" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:310px;max-width:310px"><div style=";height:84px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramic_view_of_SCS_Junction,_Thiruvalla_Town.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Panoramic_view_of_SCS_Junction%2C_Thiruvalla_Town.jpg/308px-Panoramic_view_of_SCS_Junction%2C_Thiruvalla_Town.jpg" decoding="async" width="308" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Panoramic_view_of_SCS_Junction%2C_Thiruvalla_Town.jpg/462px-Panoramic_view_of_SCS_Junction%2C_Thiruvalla_Town.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Panoramic_view_of_SCS_Junction%2C_Thiruvalla_Town.jpg/616px-Panoramic_view_of_SCS_Junction%2C_Thiruvalla_Town.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4747" data-file-height="1296" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:310px;max-width:310px"><div style=";height:149px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sree_Vallabha_Temple_Thiruvalla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Sree_Vallabha_Temple_Thiruvalla.jpg/308px-Sree_Vallabha_Temple_Thiruvalla.jpg" decoding="async" width="308" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Sree_Vallabha_Temple_Thiruvalla.jpg/462px-Sree_Vallabha_Temple_Thiruvalla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Sree_Vallabha_Temple_Thiruvalla.jpg/616px-Sree_Vallabha_Temple_Thiruvalla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3067" data-file-height="1484" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">From top to bottom: 1.<a href="/wiki/KSRTC_Terminal_Complex_Thiruvalla" title="KSRTC Terminal Complex Thiruvalla">KSRTC Terminal Complex</a> is one of its four <a href="/wiki/Build%E2%80%93operate%E2%80%93transfer" title="Build–operate–transfer">BOT</a> depots<sup id="cite_ref-mathrubhumi.com_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathrubhumi.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Times_of_India_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Times_of_India-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2.Panoramic view of SCS Junction. 3.<a href="/wiki/Sreevallabha_Temple" title="Sreevallabha Temple">Sreevallabha Temple</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Kerala_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thiruvalla is located in Kerala"><img alt="Thiruvalla is located in Kerala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/India_Kerala_location_map.svg/250px-India_Kerala_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/India_Kerala_location_map.svg/375px-India_Kerala_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/India_Kerala_location_map.svg/500px-India_Kerala_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="874" data-file-height="1274" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:72.289%;left:59.302%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Thiruvalla"><img alt="Thiruvalla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Thiruvalla</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Kerala, India</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Thiruvalla&params=9_23_08_N_76_34_32_E_type:city(52883)_region:IN-KL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">9°23′08″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°34′32″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">9.38556°N 76.57556°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">9.38556; 76.57556</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and territories of India">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of districts of India">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pathanamthitta_district" title="Pathanamthitta district">Pathanamthitta</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">27.15 km<sup>2</sup> (10.48 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">14 m (46 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2011)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">52,883</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,948/km<sup>2</sup> (5,050/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Languages<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Official</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>, English</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_Index_Number" title="Postal Index Number">PIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">689101</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Telephone code ii</th><td class="infobox-data">91-469</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">KL-27</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thiruvallamunicipality.lsgkerala.gov.in/">www<wbr />.thiruvallamunicipality<wbr />.lsgkerala<wbr />.gov<wbr />.in</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thiruvalla</b>, (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Malayalam:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ml-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malayalam" title="Help:IPA/Malayalam">[t̪iɾuʋɐlːɐ]</a></span>) also spelled <b>Tiruvalla</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Kerala" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Kerala">municipality</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pathanamthitta_district" title="Pathanamthitta district">Pathanamthitta district</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, India. It is also the headquarters of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla_Taluk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thiruvalla Taluk (page does not exist)">Thiruvalla Taluk</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla_Revenue_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thiruvalla Revenue Division (page does not exist)">Thiruvalla Revenue Division</a><sup id="cite_ref-PathanamthittaSubdivisions_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PathanamthittaSubdivisions-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town is spread over an area of 27.15 km<sup>2</sup> (10.48 sq mi) and has a population of 52,883, down from 56,837 in 2001. It lies on the northern banks of the <a href="/wiki/Manimala_River" title="Manimala River">Manimala River</a>, in a land-locked region surrounded by irrigating canals and rivers. It is the largest town in the district, and is a major financial, educational, healthcare, cultural, and commercial centre in central Travancore.It is also Called The Healthcare City Of Kerala.Thiruvalla Taluk has a land area Of 154 Sq.Km. </p><p>Thiruvalla is also known as the "Town of Non-Resident Indians", as a large portion of its inhabitants form a part of the <a href="/wiki/Malayali_diaspora" title="Malayali diaspora">Malayali diaspora</a>. Though Thiruvalla struggles with an aging and declining population and experiences a high emigration rate, in recent years the town has experienced growth in its economy and urban revitalisation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two theories as to the origin of the name "Thiruvalla". </p><p>According to tradition, the name Thiruvalla comes from the word "<i>Valla Vaay</i>", named after the river Manimala which used to be known as <i>Vallayār</i>. Before the development of proper roads, Thiruvalla developed at the mouth of the Vallayār, and connected various places through waterways, and hence was known as <i>Valla vāy</i>(with the word <i>vāy</i> meaning 'mouth of a river' in old Malayalam).<sup id="cite_ref-Shree_Vallabha_Mahakshethra_Charitham_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shree_Vallabha_Mahakshethra_Charitham-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later the Malayalam Prefix "<i>Thiru</i>" (used to signify something revered) was added, and thus became "Thiruvalla". </p><p>The second theory comes from the 10th-century Sanskrit work "śrīvallabha kṣētra māhātmyaṁ" (श्रीवल्लभ क्षेत्र माहात्म्यम्). It states that the name comes from one of the major temples in the town- the Sreevallabha Temple. The name Thiruvalla hence comes from the word "śrīvallabhapuraṁ", meaning "the town of Vallabha".<sup id="cite_ref-Shree_Vallabha_Mahakshethra_Charitham_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shree_Vallabha_Mahakshethra_Charitham-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_period">Ancient period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ancient period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is plenty of evidence to suggest that the area had been inhabited since 500 BCE, although an organized settlement was only founded around 800 CE. The present-day areas of <a href="/wiki/Niranam" title="Niranam">Niranam</a>, and Kadapra on the western part of Thiruvalla were submerged under the sea before then.<sup id="cite_ref-Shree_Vallabha_Mahakshethra_Charitham_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shree_Vallabha_Mahakshethra_Charitham-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of the 64 ancient <i>brahmana graamams</i>. </p><p>Stone axes have been reported from Thiruvalla, belonging to Neolithic Age.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thiruvalla has many Neolithic remains and got civilized earlier. The Aryan culture presented Thiruvalla as one of the 64 Brahmin settlements of Kerala, and one of the important too. Ptolemy mentions the Baris river, the present "Pamba" river.<sup id="cite_ref-Menon-2007_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Menon-2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thiruvalla was also an important commercial centre with the <a href="/wiki/Niranam" title="Niranam">Niranam</a> port in olden days, which is described by Pliny as "<a href="/wiki/Nelcynda" title="Nelcynda">Nelcynda</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this light, the "Bacare" could have been modern "<a href="/wiki/Purakkad" title="Purakkad">Purakkad</a>". The fact that modern western Thiruvalla contains the coastal kind of sand, and several seashells in the soil despite being landlocked proves that prior to the reclamation of Kuttanad from sea, Niranam and the whole western Thiruvalla could have been a coastal area.<sup id="cite_ref-Shree_Vallabha_Mahakshethra_Charitham_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shree_Vallabha_Mahakshethra_Charitham-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Growth_to_Feudalism">The Growth to Feudalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Growth to Feudalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Up to the beginning of the 10th century CE, Ays were the dominant powers in Kerala. The Ay kings ruled from Thiruvalla in the North to Nagercoil in the South. Ptolemy mentions this as from Baris (<a href="/wiki/Pamba_River" title="Pamba River">Pamba River</a>) to Cape Comorin "Aioi" (<a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari" title="Kanyakumari">Kanyakumari</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Menon-2007_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Menon-2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 12th century, we get the picture from the Thiruvalla copper plates, which are voluminous records that centre around the social life around the temple.<sup id="cite_ref-Menon-2007_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Menon-2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The society The Thiruvalla temple had a large Vedic learning school (actually comparable to modern university) ("Thiruvalla salai"), which was one of the foremost learning centres<sup id="cite_ref-Cultural_Heritage_of_Kerala_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cultural_Heritage_of_Kerala-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Kerala. The Thiruvalla salai was one of the richest among the Vedic schools of Kerala, and according to the copper plates, the pupils of the school were fed with 350 nazhis of paddy every day,<sup id="cite_ref-Cultural_Heritage_of_Kerala_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cultural_Heritage_of_Kerala-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which shows the vastness of its student population. Thiruvalla held a very eminent position among the spiritual and educational centres in ancient times. The Sri Vallabha Temple was one of the wealthiest temples of ancient Kerala, as is evident from the inscriptions in the plates. The part of the temple land required to 'feed the Brahmins' required 2.1 million litres of rice seeds, and for the "maintenance of the eternal lamps" required more than 340,000 litres of paddy seed capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the length, the antiquity and the nature of the language, Thiruvalla copper plates form the "First book in Malayalam", according to Prof. <a href="/wiki/Elamkulam_Kunjan_Pillai" title="Elamkulam Kunjan Pillai">Elamkulam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Modern_period">Early Modern period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early Modern period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quilon_Syrian_copper_plates_(9th_century_AD).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Quilon_Syrian_copper_plates_%289th_century_AD%29.jpg/220px-Quilon_Syrian_copper_plates_%289th_century_AD%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Quilon_Syrian_copper_plates_%289th_century_AD%29.jpg/330px-Quilon_Syrian_copper_plates_%289th_century_AD%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Quilon_Syrian_copper_plates_%289th_century_AD%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption>Thiruvalla copper plates</figcaption></figure> <p>The rulers of Thiruvalla now belonged to the Thekkumkoor Dynasty, which had one of its headquarters at Idathil near Kaavil Temple. Idathil (Vempolinadu Edathil Karthavu)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the family name of the Thekkumkoor kings. Today's Paliakara Palace is a branch of Lakshmipuram Palace of <a href="/wiki/Changanacherry" class="mw-redirect" title="Changanacherry">Changanacherry</a>, which is a branch of Alikottu Kovilakam of Pazhancherry in <a href="/wiki/Malabar_(Northern_Kerala)" class="mw-redirect" title="Malabar (Northern Kerala)">Malabar</a>. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Nedumpuram_Palace" title="Nedumpuram Palace">Nedumpuram Palace</a> is a branch of Mavelikkara Palace is an heir to the Valluvanad tradition of <a href="/wiki/South_Malabar" title="South Malabar">South Malabar</a>. </p><p>The Thekkumkoor kings lost their control in the course of time and Vilakkili (വിലക്കിലി) Nampoothiris were rulers in 1752–53 when <a href="/wiki/Marthanda_Varma" title="Marthanda Varma">Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma</a>, the king of <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a>, seized it in a bloody battle in which the ruler was killed, though some dispute it, saying the surrender was peaceful as the Namboothiris were not naive to challenge the mighty army of <a href="/wiki/Ramayyan_Dalawa" title="Ramayyan Dalawa">Ramayyan</a>, the shrewd and sadistic Dalava (ദളവ)- head of administration and advisor – of Travancore.<sup id="cite_ref-Shree_Vallabha_Mahakshethra_Charitham_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shree_Vallabha_Mahakshethra_Charitham-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_climate">Geography and climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography and climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thiruvalla lies at an altitude of 14 meters above sea level, along the north bank of the <a href="/wiki/Manimala_River" title="Manimala River">Manimala</a> river. Thiruvalla is criss-crossed by many natural canals (known as "thodu" in Malayalam) like Chanthathodu and Manippuzha. </p><p>Thiruvalla and its adjacent areas has a great diversity in soil types due to its position between the low-lying <a href="/wiki/Kuttanad" title="Kuttanad">Kuttanad</a> region and the Midlands. The downtown area has riverine alluvial soil, the eastern parts (classified under the "Southern Midlands" agro-ecological zone) have a laterite loam, and the western parts near Niranam (classified under the Kuttanad agro-ecological zone) have sandy soil resembling that of beaches.<sup id="cite_ref-kissankerala.net_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kissankerala.net-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Niranam region has a sandy-type soil as before the reclamation of Kuttanad from the <a href="/wiki/Vembanad" title="Vembanad">Vembanad</a> Lagoon the area originally was situated on its shores. The <a href="/wiki/Upper_Kuttanad" title="Upper Kuttanad">Upper Kuttanad</a> region also has the "Karappadam" type of soil. This soil resembles clay loam in texture, has high organic matter content, and is found in areas about 1–2 m above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-kissankerala.net_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kissankerala.net-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thiruvalla has a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_monsoon_climate" title="Tropical monsoon climate">tropical monsoon climate</a>. There is significant rainfall in most months of the year. The short dry season has little effect on the overall climate. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Am. The temperature here averages 27.3 °C. In a year, the average rainfall is 3298 mm.<sup id="cite_ref-en.climate-data.org_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-en.climate-data.org-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Thiruvalla </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.7<br />(90.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.7<br />(90.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32<br />(90) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30<br />(86) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30<br />(86) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30<br />(86) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7<br />(87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">30.9<br />(87.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25<br />(77) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24<br />(75) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.9<br />(74.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22<br />(0.9) </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35<br />(1.4) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60<br />(2.4) </td> <td style="background: #1010FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">155<br />(6.1) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">320<br />(12.6) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">596<br />(23.5) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">542<br />(21.3) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">372<br />(14.6) </td> <td style="background: #000048; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">284<br />(11.2) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">326<br />(12.8) </td> <td style="background: #0000BA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">210<br />(8.3) </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54<br />(2.1) </td> <td style="background: #000085; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,976<br />(117.2) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://en.climate-data.org/location/59916">http://en.climate-data.org/location/59916</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>At an average temperature of 29.0 °C, April is the hottest month of the year. July has the lowest average temperature of the year. It is 26.4 °C. Between the driest and wettest months, the difference in precipitation is 574 mm. Precipitation is the lowest in January, with an average of 22 mm. With an average of 596 mm, the most precipitation falls in June.<sup id="cite_ref-en.climate-data.org_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-en.climate-data.org-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to its proximity to the equator, Thiruvalla has very little variation in average temperature. During the year, the average temperatures vary by 2.6 °C.<sup id="cite_ref-en.climate-data.org_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-en.climate-data.org-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thiruvalla is known for its pleasant and welcoming weather. South West Monsoon winds bring heavy showers to Thiruvalla in the months of August for a couple of months. The best time to visit this historical town is after the rains as the healthy showers of monsoon leave this place lush green and pristine.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,969</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,010</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+50.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">14,489</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+20.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">18,002</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+24.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1941</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">18,002</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,709</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">24,242</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">26,683</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">29,225</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">54,780</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+87.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">56,837</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">52,883</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−7.0%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">* 1991: Rise in population due to merger of Kuttapuzha village</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As per the <a href="/wiki/2011_Indian_census" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Indian census">2011 Indian census</a>, Thiruvalla has a population of 52,883 and a population density of 1,948 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,050/sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of this, 48% are males and 52% are female. 7.48% of the population is under 6 years of age. <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes" title="Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes">Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes</a> constitute 8.49% and 0.45% of the population respectively. The total literacy rate was 97.64% (98.05% for males and 97.28% for females), which is higher than the state average of 94% and the national average of 74.04%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:grey; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 39788.651997137px; border-left-color:black"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:black"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:black"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 6365.6741162871px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 304.50992960167px; border-left-color:darkorange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:darkorange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:darkorange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 803.76293332799px 100px 0; border-right-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p><b>Religion in Thiruvalla</b> (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-census2011_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Kerala" title="Christianity in Kerala">Christianity</a> (48.03%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:darkorange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Kerala" title="Hinduism in Kerala">Hinduism</a> (46.92%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kerala" title="Islam in Kerala">Islam</a> (4.8%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:black; color:white;"> </span> None (0.21%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:grey; color:black;"> </span> Other (0.06%)</div> </div> </div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Johns_Cathedral_Thiruvalla_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/St_Johns_Cathedral_Thiruvalla_2.jpg/200px-St_Johns_Cathedral_Thiruvalla_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/St_Johns_Cathedral_Thiruvalla_2.jpg/300px-St_Johns_Cathedral_Thiruvalla_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/St_Johns_Cathedral_Thiruvalla_2.jpg/400px-St_Johns_Cathedral_Thiruvalla_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3750" data-file-height="2878" /></a><figcaption>St. John's Cathedral</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the 2011 census, <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Kerala" title="Christianity in Kerala">Christians</a> are the plurality with 48% of the population adhering to the religion. The majority of these Christians belong to the St. Thomas Christian community and their respective Orthodox Churches. <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Kerala" title="Hinduism in Kerala">Hindus</a> form a significant minority, constituting 46% of the population. <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kerala" title="Islam in Kerala">Muslims</a> constitute 5% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thiruvalla is home to the <a href="/wiki/Sree_Vallabha_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Sree Vallabha Temple">Sree Vallabha Temple</a> which is the only one of its kind in the State to have Kathakali performed as a ritual offering almost every night.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The current Chairperson of the Municipality is Cherian Polachirackal and the vice-chairman is Sreerenjini S Pillai for 2018–2020.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thiruvalla's assembly constituency is part of the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Pathanamthitta_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathanamthitta (Lok Sabha constituency)">Pathanamthitta (Lok Sabha constituency)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current MLA is <a href="/wiki/Mathew_T._Thomas" title="Mathew T. Thomas">Adv. Mathew T Thomas</a>. Current MP <a href="/wiki/Pathanamthitta_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathanamthitta (Lok Sabha constituency)">Pathanamthitta (Lok Sabha constituency)</a> is <a href="/wiki/Anto_Antony" title="Anto Antony">Anto Antony</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The popular sports in Thiruvalla are football and cricket. The football history of Thiruvalla can be traced back to the legendary footballer from Thiruvalla, Thomas Varghes, called "Tiruvalla Pappan". He represented India in the London Olympics of 1948, and is described as one of the best defenders of 40's – 50's from India.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, Thiruvalla hosts many district and state-level football and cricket tournaments. There is a stadium in Thiruvalla maintained by the Thiruvalla Municipal Council. This is the venue for most of the tournaments. It is also called "Prithi stadium".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indoor_Cricket">Indoor Cricket</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Indoor Cricket"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Kerala_Cricket_Association" title="Kerala Cricket Association">Kerala Cricket Association</a> has set up the indoor cricket stadium complex in Thiruvalla, with 24-7 practising facilities. The facility is adjacent to the Thiruvalla Municipal stadium and is constructed on 8000 square feet, on 50 cents of land. The facility also houses a library, multi-gym, board room, KCA district office, and a conference hall. Specially made natural grass wicket is the specialty of the practicing nets in the courtyard. This indoor cricket facility is perhaps, the first of its kind in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Food_and_other_cultural_activities">Food and other cultural activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Food and other cultural activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thiruvalla hosts cultural events including flower shows<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and food fests.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_persons">Notable persons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notable persons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Thiruvalla" title="Special:EditPage/Thiruvalla">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Rajam_Malhotra" title="Anna Rajam Malhotra">Anna Rajam Malhotra</a>, Indian Administrative Service officer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thenmadom_Varghese" title="Thenmadom Varghese">Thenmadom Varghese</a>, Indian professional footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poykayil_Yohannan" title="Poykayil Yohannan">Poykayil Yohannan</a>, social activist, poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vennikkulam_Gopala_Kurup" title="Vennikkulam Gopala Kurup">Vennikkulam Gopala Kurup</a>, poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Kovoor" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham Kovoor">Abraham Kovoor</a>, hypnotherapist and rationalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Abraham" title="Abu Abraham">Abu Abraham</a>, cartoonist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madathilparampil_Mammen_Thomas#Works_on_M.M._Thomas" class="mw-redirect" title="Madathilparampil Mammen Thomas">Dr. M.M. Thomas</a>, former Governor of Nagaland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_MarThoma_Didymos_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Baselios MarThoma Didymos I">Baselios MarThoma Didymos I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Metropolitan" title="Malankara Metropolitan">Malankara Metropolitan</a> and Catholicos of <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" title="Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babu_Thiruvalla" title="Babu Thiruvalla">Babu Thiruvalla</a>, movie director and producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessy" title="Blessy">Blessy</a>, movie director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._K._Ra" title="C. K. Ra">C. K. Ra</a>, artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C.P._Mathen" class="mw-redirect" title="C.P. Mathen">C.P. Mathen</a>, banker and founder of the Quilon Bank</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._J._Kuttappan" title="C. J. Kuttappan">C J Kuttappan</a>, folklore artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jojan_Thomas" title="Jojan Thomas">Col. Jojan Thomas</a>, military officer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Abraham_(director)" title="John Abraham (director)">John Abraham</a>, movie director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._G._George" title="K. G. George">K. G. George</a>, movie director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakkanadan" title="Kakkanadan">Kakkanadan</a>, novelist and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._P._Yohannan" title="K. P. Yohannan">Mar Athanasius Yohan I Metropolitan (formerly Dr K.P. Yohannan Metropolitan)</a>, Metropolitan Bishop of <a href="/wiki/Believers_Eastern_Church" title="Believers Eastern Church">Believers Eastern Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathew_T._Thomas" title="Mathew T. Thomas">Mathew T. Thomas</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._G._Soman" title="M. G. Soman">M. G. Soman</a>, movie actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayanthara" title="Nayanthara">Nayanthara</a> (Diana Mariam Kurian), movie actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalini_Ajith" title="Shalini Ajith">Shalini</a>, actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaveri_(actress)" title="Kaveri (actress)">Kaveri</a>, movie actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meera_Jasmine" title="Meera Jasmine">Meera Jasmine</a> (Jasmine Mary Joseph), movie actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadhiya" title="Nadhiya">Nadiya Moythu</a>, movie actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvathy_Jayaram" title="Parvathy Jayaram">Parvathy Jayaram</a> (Ashwathy Kurup), movie actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urmila_Unni" title="Urmila Unni">Oormila Unni (actress)</a>, movie actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sreeja_Chandran" title="Sreeja Chandran">Sreeja Chandran</a>, actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaviyoor_Ponnamma" title="Kaviyoor Ponnamma">Kaviyoor Ponnamma</a>, actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaviyoor_Sivaprasad" title="Kaviyoor Sivaprasad">Kaviyoor Sivaprasad</a>, film director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidhartha_Siva" title="Sidhartha Siva">Sidhartha Siva</a>, actor, director</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samvyuktha_Verma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samvyuktha Verma (page does not exist)">Samvyuktha Verma</a>, movie actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailash" class="mw-redirect" title="Kailash">Kailash</a>, movie actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajeev_Pillai" title="Rajeev Pillai">Rajeev Pillai</a>, movie actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajeev_John" title="Sajeev John">Sajeev John</a>, physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Vinod" title="Vishnu Vinod">Vishnu Vinod</a>, cricketer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoor" title="Adoor">Adoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changanassery" title="Changanassery">Changanassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengannur" title="Chengannur">Chengannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumathra" title="Chumathra">Chumathra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edathua" title="Edathua">Edathua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattode" title="Kattode">Kattode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhencherry" title="Kozhencherry">Kozhencherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuttappuzha" title="Kuttappuzha">Kuttappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavelikara" class="mw-redirect" title="Mavelikara">Mavelikara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niranam" title="Niranam">Niranam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thakazhy" title="Thakazhy">Thakazhy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mathrubhumi.com-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mathrubhumi.com_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://englisharchives.mathrubhumi.com/amp/news/kerala/ksrtc-bot-experiment-1.2872446">"BOT experiment of KSRTC faces huge loss"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mathrubhumi" title="Mathrubhumi">Mathrubhumi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BOT+experiment+of+KSRTC+faces+huge+loss&rft.pub=Mathrubhumi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglisharchives.mathrubhumi.com%2Famp%2Fnews%2Fkerala%2Fksrtc-bot-experiment-1.2872446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiruvalla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Times_of_India-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Times_of_India_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/ksrtcs-parasitism-bleeding-ktdfc/articleshow/80393111.cms">"KSRTC's parasitism bleeding KTDFC"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KSRTC%E2%80%99s+parasitism+bleeding+KTDFC&rft.pub=The+Times+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fthiruvananthapuram%2Fksrtcs-parasitism-bleeding-ktdfc%2Farticleshow%2F80393111.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiruvalla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518133652/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=676380">"Census of India: Search Details"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=676380">the original</a> on 18 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India%3A+Search+Details&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2Fpca%2FSearchDetails.aspx%3FId%3D676380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiruvalla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PathanamthittaSubdivisions-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PathanamthittaSubdivisions_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pathanamthitta.nic.in/en/subdivisions-taluks-and-villages/">"Subdivisions Taluks and Villages | Pathanamthitta District, Government of Kerala | India"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Subdivisions+Taluks+and+Villages+%26%23124%3B+Pathanamthitta+District%2C+Government+of+Kerala+%26%23124%3B+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpathanamthitta.nic.in%2Fen%2Fsubdivisions-taluks-and-villages%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiruvalla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shree_Vallabha_Mahakshethra_Charitham-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shree_Vallabha_Mahakshethra_Charitham_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shree_Vallabha_Mahakshethra_Charitham_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shree_Vallabha_Mahakshethra_Charitham_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shree_Vallabha_Mahakshethra_Charitham_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shree_Vallabha_Mahakshethra_Charitham_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shree Vallabha Mahakshethra Charitham, P. Unnikrishnan Nair</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Indus Civilisation and Tamil Language – Part 03", page 34. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://210.212.62.26/pdf_files/books/Indus%20civilization%20and%20tamil%20language%20part%20003.pdf">http://210.212.62.26/pdf_files/books/Indus%20civilization%20and%20tamil%20language%20part%20003.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Menon-2007-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Menon-2007_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Menon-2007_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Menon-2007_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenon2007" class="citation book cs1">Menon, A. Sreedhara (1 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FVsw35oEBv4C"><i>A Survey of Kerala History</i></a>. DC Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126415786" title="Special:BookSources/9788126415786"><bdi>9788126415786</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Survey+of+Kerala+History&rft.pub=DC+Books&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.isbn=9788126415786&rft.aulast=Menon&rft.aufirst=A.+Sreedhara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFVsw35oEBv4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiruvalla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibrary1967" class="citation book cs1">Library, John Rylands (1 January 1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SXMaAAAAMAAJ"><i>Bulletin of the John Rylands Library</i></a>. Kraus Reprint.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bulletin+of+the+John+Rylands+Library&rft.pub=Kraus+Reprint&rft.date=1967-01-01&rft.aulast=Library&rft.aufirst=John+Rylands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSXMaAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiruvalla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cultural_Heritage_of_Kerala-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cultural_Heritage_of_Kerala_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cultural_Heritage_of_Kerala_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R7QNGkZKc5wC"><i>Cultural Heritage of Kerala</i></a>. D.C. Books. 1 January 2008. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126419036" title="Special:BookSources/9788126419036"><bdi>9788126419036</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+Heritage+of+Kerala&rft.pub=D.C.+Books&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.isbn=9788126419036&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR7QNGkZKc5wC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiruvalla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph2009" class="citation book cs1">Joseph, George Gheverghese (10 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rNKGAwAAQBAJ"><i>A Passage to Infinity: Medieval Indian Mathematics from Kerala and Its Impact</i></a>. SAGE Publications India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788132104810" title="Special:BookSources/9788132104810"><bdi>9788132104810</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Passage+to+Infinity%3A+Medieval+Indian+Mathematics+from+Kerala+and+Its+Impact&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications+India&rft.date=2009-12-10&rft.isbn=9788132104810&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=George+Gheverghese&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrNKGAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiruvalla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCongress1970" class="citation book cs1">Congress, Indian History (1 January 1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_B7jAAAAMAAJ"><i>Proceedings of the Indian History Congress</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+Indian+History+Congress&rft.date=1970-01-01&rft.aulast=Congress&rft.aufirst=Indian+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_B7jAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiruvalla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Shungoonny Menon, <i>A history of Travancore</i> (first edition: 1878, new edition: 1983), page 130 and 131, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7020-040-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7020-040-6">978-81-7020-040-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kissankerala.net-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kissankerala.net_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kissankerala.net_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kissankerala.net/kissan/kissancontents/soil.jsp#admin">"KISSAN – Kerala"</a>. <i>kissankerala.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kissankerala.net&rft.atitle=KISSAN+%E2%80%93+Kerala&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kissankerala.net%2Fkissan%2Fkissancontents%2Fsoil.jsp%23admin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiruvalla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-en.climate-data.org-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-en.climate-data.org_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-en.climate-data.org_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-en.climate-data.org_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.climate-data.org/location/59916/">"Climate: Thiruvalla – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table – Climate-Data.org"</a>. <i>en.climate-data.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.climate-data.org&rft.atitle=Climate%3A+Thiruvalla+%E2%80%93+Climate+graph%2C+Temperature+graph%2C+Climate+table+%E2%80%93+Climate-Data.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.climate-data.org%2Flocation%2F59916%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiruvalla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nativeplanet.com/thiruvalla/#overview">"Thiruvalla"</a>. <i>native planet</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=native+planet&rft.atitle=Thiruvalla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nativeplanet.com%2Fthiruvalla%2F%23overview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiruvalla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999">"Census of India 2011: Data from the 2011 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)"</a>. Census Commission of India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999">the original</a> on 16 June 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India+2011%3A+Data+from+the+2011+Census%2C+including+cities%2C+villages+and+towns+%28Provisional%29&rft.pub=Census+Commission+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.net%2Fresults%2Ftown.php%3Fstad%3DA%26state5%3D999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiruvalla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2011-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census2011_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.censusindia.com/towns/thiruvalla-population-pathanamthitta-kerala-803303">"Population by religion community – 2011"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+by+religion+community+%E2%80%93+2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.com%2Ftowns%2Fthiruvalla-population-pathanamthitta-kerala-803303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiruvalla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/803303-thiruvalla-kerala.html">"Thiruvalla Municipality City Population Census 2011-2024 | Kerala"</a>. <i>www.census2011.co.in</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.census2011.co.in&rft.atitle=Thiruvalla+Municipality+City+Population+Census+2011-2024+%26%23124%3B+Kerala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census2011.co.in%2Fdata%2Ftown%2F803303-thiruvalla-kerala.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiruvalla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.keralatourism.org/destination/thiruvalla-pathanamthitta/49">"Thiruvalla Town"</a>. <i>keralatourism.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=keralatourism.org&rft.atitle=Thiruvalla+Town&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.keralatourism.org%2Fdestination%2Fthiruvalla-pathanamthitta%2F49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiruvalla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thiruvallamunicipality.in/council">"Council"</a>. Thiruvalla Municipality<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Council&rft.pub=Thiruvalla+Municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thiruvallamunicipality.in%2Fcouncil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiruvalla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.delimitation-india.com/Final_Publications/KERALA/Final_Order_Kerala.pdf">"ORDER NO. 9 – TABLE A & B – ASSEMBLY AND PARLIAMENTARY CONSTITUENCIES AND THEIR EXTENT"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Kerala</i>. DELIMITATION COMMISSION OF INDIA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kerala&rft.atitle=ORDER+NO.+9+%E2%80%93+TABLE+A+%26+B+%E2%80%93+ASSEMBLY+AND+PARLIAMENTARY+CONSTITUENCIES+AND+THEIR+EXTENT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.delimitation-india.com%2FFinal_Publications%2FKERALA%2FFinal_Order_Kerala.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiruvalla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140105013737/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/This-Tiruvalla-Defender-Stood-Like-a-Wall-in-London-Olympics/2013/12/17/article1949601.ece">"This Tiruvalla Defender Stood Like a Wall in London Olympics"</a>. <i>The New Indian Express</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/This-Tiruvalla-Defender-Stood-Like-a-Wall-in-London-Olympics/2013/12/17/article1949601.ece">the original</a> on 5 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=This+Tiruvalla+Defender+Stood+Like+a+Wall+in+London+Olympics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fstates%2Fkerala%2FThis-Tiruvalla-Defender-Stood-Like-a-Wall-in-London-Olympics%2F2013%2F12%2F17%2Farticle1949601.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiruvalla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160331214802/https://cricketarchive.com/Kerala/Grounds/1245.html">"Untitled Document"</a>. <i>cricketarchive.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cricketarchive.com/Kerala/Grounds/1245.html">the original</a> on 31 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cricketarchive.com&rft.atitle=Untitled+Document&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcricketarchive.com%2FKerala%2FGrounds%2F1245.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiruvalla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/worldclass-indoor-cricket-facility-for-thiruvalla/article7631576.ece">"World-class indoor cricket facility for Thiruvalla"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 9 September 2015. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=World-class+indoor+cricket+facility+for+Thiruvalla&rft.date=2015-09-09&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fkerala%2Fworldclass-indoor-cricket-facility-for-thiruvalla%2Farticle7631576.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiruvalla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQ7y_Q3iNX0"><i>Flower show thiruvalla 2020, Pushpotsav Thiruvalla, Pushpamela, Pushpamela Thiruvalla, 2020</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flower+show+thiruvalla+2020%2C+Pushpotsav+Thiruvalla%2C+Pushpamela%2C+Pushpamela+Thiruvalla%2C+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DsQ7y_Q3iNX0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiruvalla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff_Reporter2012" class="citation news cs1">Staff Reporter (10 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/school-children-organises-unique-food-fest-in-thiruvalla/article2790646.ece">"School children organises unique food fest in Thiruvalla"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=School+children+organises+unique+food+fest+in+Thiruvalla&rft.date=2012-01-10&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft.au=Staff+Reporter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fkerala%2Fschool-children-organises-unique-food-fest-in-thiruvalla%2Farticle2790646.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThiruvalla" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Thiruvalla" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Thiruvalla">Thiruvalla</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Thiruvalla" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Thiruvalla" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Thiruvalla</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Edathua" title="Edathua">Edathua</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Changanassery" title="Changanassery">Changanassery</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mallapally" title="Mallapally">Mallapally</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Mannar,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Mannar, India">Mannar</a>,</td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Thiruvalla</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Pullad" title="Pullad">Pullad</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mavelikkara" title="Mavelikkara">Mavelikkara</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chengannur" title="Chengannur">Chengannur</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kozhencherry" title="Kozhencherry">Kozhencherry</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="x20px&#124;Seal_of_Kerala_State_of_Kerala" style="background: #e1ece4; vertical-align: middle;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #9cc1a5; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kerala" title="Template:Kerala"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kerala" title="Template talk:Kerala"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kerala" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kerala"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="x20px&#124;Seal_of_Kerala_State_of_Kerala" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banner_of_Kerala.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of Kerala"><img alt="Seal of Kerala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Banner_of_Kerala.png/36px-Banner_of_Kerala.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Banner_of_Kerala.png/54px-Banner_of_Kerala.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Banner_of_Kerala.png/71px-Banner_of_Kerala.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: none; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Kerala" title="List of districts of Kerala">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_district" title="Thiruvananthapuram district">Thiruvananthapuram KL-01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_district" title="Kollam district">Kollam KL-02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathanamthitta_district" title="Pathanamthitta district">Pathanamthitta KL-03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alappuzha_district" title="Alappuzha district">Alappuzha KL-04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottayam_district" title="Kottayam district">Kottayam KL-05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idukki_district" title="Idukki district">Idukki KL-06</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_district" title="Ernakulam district">Ernakulam KL-07</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_district" title="Thrissur district">Thrissur KL-08</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palakkad_district" title="Palakkad district">Palakkad KL-09</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malappuram_district" title="Malappuram district">Malappuram KL-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode_district" title="Kozhikode district">Kozhikode KL-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayanad_district" title="Wayanad district">Wayanad KL-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannur_district" title="Kannur district">Kannur KL-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasaragod_district" title="Kasaragod district">Kasaragod KL-14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Kerala" title="Category:Kerala">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: #f6fbf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_of_Kerala" title="Arts of Kerala">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kerala" title="Culture of Kerala">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kerala" title="Demographics of Kerala">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kerala" title="Economy of Kerala">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kerala" title="Education in Kerala">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_cinema" title="Malayalam cinema">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kerala" title="Geography of Kerala">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Kerala" title="Roads in Kerala"> Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ports_in_Kerala" title="Ports in Kerala"> Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kerala" title="History of Kerala">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Kerala" title="Wildlife of Kerala">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kerala" title="Government of Kerala">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Kerala" title="Tourism in Kerala">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Kerala" title="Sports in Kerala">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Bird</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great_hornbill" title="Great hornbill">Great hornbill</a></dd> <dt>Animal</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Indian_elephant" title="Indian elephant">Indian elephant</a></dd> <dt>Tree</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a></dd> <dt>Flower</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cassia_fistula" title="Cassia fistula">Golden rain</a></dd> <dt>Fish</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karimeen" class="mw-redirect" title="Karimeen">Karimeen</a></dd> <dt>Fruit</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jackfruit" title="Jackfruit">Jackfruit</a></dd> <dt>Insect</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Papilio_buddha" title="Papilio buddha">Papilio buddha</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_taluks_of_Kerala" title="List of taluks of Kerala">Taluks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: #f6fbf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoor" title="Adoor">Adoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alathur" title="Alathur">Alathur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluva" title="Aluva">Aluva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambalappuzha" title="Ambalappuzha">Ambalappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalakudy" title="Chalakudy">Chalakudy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changanassery" title="Changanassery">Changanassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavakkad" title="Chavakkad">Chavakkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengannur" title="Chengannur">Chengannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherthala" title="Cherthala">Cherthala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirayinkeezhu_taluk" title="Chirayinkeezhu taluk">Chirayinkeezhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittur-Thathamangalam" title="Chittur-Thathamangalam">Chittur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devikulam" title="Devikulam">Devikulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eranad_Taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Eranad Taluk">Eranad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosdurg_taluk" title="Hosdurg taluk">Hosdurg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idukki" class="mw-redirect" title="Idukki">Idukki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iritty_taluk" title="Iritty taluk">Iritty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanayannur" title="Kanayannur">Kanayannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanjirappally" title="Kanjirappally">Kanjirappally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannur_taluk" title="Kannur taluk">Kannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karthikappally" title="Karthikappally">Karthikappally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karunagappalli" title="Karunagappalli">Karunagappalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasaragod_taluk" title="Kasaragod taluk">Kasaragod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattakada" title="Kattakada">Kattakada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Kodungallur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_taluk" title="Kollam taluk">Kollam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kondotty_taluk" title="Kondotty taluk">Kondotty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konni,_Kerala" title="Konni, Kerala">Konni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothamangalam,_Kerala" title="Kothamangalam, Kerala">Kothamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottarakkara" title="Kottarakkara">Kottarakkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottayam" title="Kottayam">Kottayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyilandy" title="Koyilandy">Koyilandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhencherry" title="Kozhencherry">Kozhencherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnamkulam" title="Kunnamkulam">Kunnamkulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnathunad" title="Kunnathunad">Kunnathunad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnathur,_Kerala" title="Kunnathur, Kerala">Kunnathur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuttanad" title="Kuttanad">Kuttanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallapally" title="Mallapally">Mallapally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mananthavady" title="Mananthavady">Mananthavady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjeshwaram_taluk" title="Manjeshwaram taluk">Manjeshwaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannarkkad" title="Mannarkkad">Mannarkkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavelikkara" title="Mavelikkara">Mavelikkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meenachil" title="Meenachil">Meenachil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukundapuram_Taluk" title="Mukundapuram Taluk">Mukundapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muvattupuzha" title="Muvattupuzha">Muvattupuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedumangad_taluk" title="Nedumangad taluk">Nedumangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neyyattinkara_taluk" title="Neyyattinkara taluk">Neyyattinkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilambur" title="Nilambur">Nilambur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paravur_taluk" title="Paravur taluk">North Paravur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottapalam" title="Ottapalam">Ottapalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palakkad" title="Palakkad">Palakkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathanapuram" title="Pathanapuram">Pathanapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattambi" title="Pattambi">Pattambi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payyanur_taluk" title="Payyanur taluk">Payyanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peermade" title="Peermade">Peermade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perinthalmanna_taluk" title="Perinthalmanna taluk">Perinthalmanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponnani_taluk" title="Ponnani taluk">Ponnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punalur" title="Punalur">Punalur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranni,_Kerala" title="Ranni, Kerala">Ranni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Bathery" title="Sultan Bathery">Sultan Bathery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliparamba_taluk" title="Taliparamba taluk">Taliparamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalapilly" title="Thalapilly">Thalapilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalassery" title="Thalassery">Thalassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamarassery" title="Thamarassery">Thamarassery</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thiruvalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_Taluk" title="Thiruvananthapuram Taluk">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thodupuzha" title="Thodupuzha">Thodupuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirur_Taluk" title="Tirur Taluk">Tirur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirurangadi_Taluk_Office" title="Tirurangadi Taluk Office">Tirurangadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udumbanchola" title="Udumbanchola">Udumbanchola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikom" title="Vaikom">Vaikom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varkala" title="Varkala">Varkala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatakara" title="Vatakara">Vatakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellarikundu_Taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Vellarikundu Taluk">Vellarikundu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vythiri" title="Vythiri">Vythiri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipal_corporations_in_Kerala" title="List of municipal corporations in Kerala">Municipal corporations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_Corporation" title="Thiruvananthapuram Corporation">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kozhikode Municipal Corporation">Kozhikode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kochi Municipal Corporation">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kollam Municipal Corporation">Kollam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_Municipal_Corporation" title="Thrissur Municipal Corporation">Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannur_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kannur Municipal Corporation">Kannur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Kerala" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Kerala">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: #f6fbf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoor" title="Adoor">Adoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthoor" title="Anthoor">Anthoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alappuzha" title="Alappuzha">Alappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluva" title="Aluva">Aluva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angamaly" title="Angamaly">Angamaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attingal" title="Attingal">Attingal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalakudy" title="Chalakudy">Chalakudy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changanassery" title="Changanassery">Changanassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavakkad" title="Chavakkad">Chavakkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengannur" title="Chengannur">Chengannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherthala" title="Cherthala">Cherthala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittur-Thathamangalam" title="Chittur-Thathamangalam">Chittur-Thathamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eloor" title="Eloor">Eloor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guruvayur" title="Guruvayur">Guruvayur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irinjalakuda" title="Irinjalakuda">Irinjalakuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iritty" title="Iritty">Iritty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamassery" title="Kalamassery">Kalamassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpetta" title="Kalpetta">Kalpetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanhangad" title="Kanhangad">Kanhangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karunagappalli" title="Karunagappalli">Karunagappalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasaragod" title="Kasaragod">Kasaragod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattappana" title="Kattappana">Kattappana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayamkulam" title="Kayamkulam">Kayamkulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Kodungallur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kondotty" title="Kondotty">Kondotty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuthuparamba" title="Kuthuparamba">Kuthuparamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothamangalam,_Kerala" title="Kothamangalam, Kerala">Kothamangalam, Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottakkal" title="Kottakkal">Kottakkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottarakkara" title="Kottarakkara">Kottarakkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottayam" title="Kottayam">Kottayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyilandy" title="Koyilandy">Koyilandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnamkulam" title="Kunnamkulam">Kunnamkulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malappuram" title="Malappuram">Malappuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjeri" title="Manjeri">Manjeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maradu" title="Maradu">Maradu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattanur" title="Mattanur">Mattanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavelikkara" title="Mavelikkara">Mavelikkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muvattupuzha" title="Muvattupuzha">Muvattupuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedumangad" title="Nedumangad">Nedumangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neyyattinkara" title="Neyyattinkara">Neyyattinkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilambur" title="Nilambur">Nilambur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nileshwaram" title="Nileshwaram">Nileshwaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Paravur" title="North Paravur">North Paravur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottapalam" title="Ottapalam">Ottapalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pala,_Kerala" title="Pala, Kerala">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palakkad" title="Palakkad">Palakkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panoor" title="Panoor">Panoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parappanangadi" title="Parappanangadi">Parappanangadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paravur,_Kollam" title="Paravur, Kollam">Paravur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathanamthitta" title="Pathanamthitta">Pathanamthitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payyanur" title="Payyanur">Payyanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perinthalmanna" title="Perinthalmanna">Perinthalmanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perumbavoor" title="Perumbavoor">Perumbavoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punalur" title="Punalur">Punalur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoranur" title="Shoranur">Shoranur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sreekandapuram" title="Sreekandapuram">Sreekandapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanur,_Malappuram" title="Tanur, Malappuram">Tanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalassery" title="Thalassery">Thalassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliparamba" title="Taliparamba">Taliparamba</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thiruvalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thodupuzha" title="Thodupuzha">Thodupuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrikkakkara" title="Thrikkakkara">Thrikkakkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrippunithura" title="Thrippunithura">Thrippunithura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirur" title="Tirur">Tirur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirurangadi" title="Tirurangadi">Tirurangadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valanchery" title="Valanchery">Valanchery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatakara" title="Vatakara">Vatakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikom" title="Vaikom">Vaikom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varkala" title="Varkala">Varkala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;">Other towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edappal" title="Edappal">Edappal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thavanur" title="Thavanur">Thavanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthanathani" title="Puthanathani">Puthanathani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottakkal" title="Kottakkal">Kottakkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angadipuram" title="Angadipuram">Angadipuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankada" title="Mankada">Mankada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuttippuram" title="Kuttippuram">Kuttippuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karipur" title="Karipur">Karipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areekode" title="Areekode">Areekode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandoor,_Kerala" title="Wandoor, Kerala">Wandoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vengara,_Malappuram_district" title="Vengara, Malappuram district">Vengara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallikkunnu" title="Vallikkunnu">Vallikkunnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olavanna" title="Olavanna">Olavanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnamangalam" title="Kunnamangalam">Kunnamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamarassery" title="Thamarassery">Thamarassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvambady" title="Thiruvambady">Thiruvambady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodencheri" title="Kodencheri">Kodencheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balussery" title="Balussery">Balussery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perambra" title="Perambra">Perambra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadapuram" title="Nadapuram">Nadapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuttiady" title="Kuttiady">Kuttiady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakkidi,_Wayanad" title="Lakkidi, Wayanad">Lakkidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vythiri" title="Vythiri">Vythiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chundale" title="Chundale">Chundale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meppadi" title="Meppadi">Meppadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottappadi_Part,_Meppadi" title="Kottappadi Part, Meppadi">Kottappadi Part</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muttil,_Kalpetta" title="Muttil, Kalpetta">Muttil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padinharethara" title="Padinharethara">Padinharethara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meenangadi" title="Meenangadi">Meenangadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamaram" title="Panamaram">Panamaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulpally" title="Pulpally">Pulpally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peravoor" title="Peravoor">Peravoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmadom" title="Dharmadom">Dharmadom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjarakkandy" title="Anjarakkandy">Anjarakkandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzhappilangad" title="Muzhappilangad">Muzhappilangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azhikode_and_Azhikkal" title="Azhikode and Azhikkal">Azhikode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherukunnu" title="Cherukunnu">Cherukunnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pappinisseri" title="Pappinisseri">Pappinisseri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalliasseri" title="Kalliasseri">Kalliasseri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irikkur" title="Irikkur">Irikkur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alakode,_Kannur_district" title="Alakode, Kannur district">Alakode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrikaripur" title="Thrikaripur">Thrikaripur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheruvathur" title="Cheruvathur">Cheruvathur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekal" title="Bekal">Bekal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udma" title="Udma">Udma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellarikundu" title="Vellarikundu">Vellarikundu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parappa_(village)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parappa (village)">Parappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karadka" title="Karadka">Karadka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbla" title="Kumbla">Kumbla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalpady" title="Mangalpady">Mangalpady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppala" title="Uppala">Uppala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjeshwar" title="Manjeshwar">Manjeshwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peermade" title="Peermade">Peermade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandiperiyar" title="Vandiperiyar">Vandiperiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumily" title="Kumily">Kumily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajakkad" title="Rajakkad">Rajakkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munnar" title="Munnar">Munnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devikulam" title="Devikulam">Devikulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adimali" title="Adimali">Adimali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolenchery" title="Kolenchery">Kolenchery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthencruz" title="Puthencruz">Puthencruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnathunad" title="Kunnathunad">Kunnathunad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalady" title="Kalady">Kalady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayattoor" title="Malayattoor">Malayattoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chottanikkara" title="Chottanikkara">Chottanikkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udayamperoor" title="Udayamperoor">Udayamperoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varappuzha" title="Varappuzha">Varappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sreemoolanagaram" title="Sreemoolanagaram">Sreemoolanagaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedumbassery" title="Nedumbassery">Nedumbassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mala,_Kerala" title="Mala, Kerala">Mala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodakara" title="Kodakara">Kodakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthukkad" title="Puthukkad">Puthukkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manaloor" title="Manaloor">Manaloor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavaratty" title="Pavaratty">Pavaratty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelakkara" title="Chelakkara">Chelakkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadakkencherry" title="Vadakkencherry">Vadakkencherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alathur" title="Alathur">Alathur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemmara" title="Nemmara">Nemmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthunagaram" title="Puthunagaram">Puthunagaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malampuzha" title="Malampuzha">Malampuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sreekrishnapuram,_Palakkad" title="Sreekrishnapuram, Palakkad">Sreekrishnapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakkidi,_Palakkad" title="Lakkidi, Palakkad">Lakkidi-Perur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrithala" title="Thrithala">Thrithala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parassala" title="Parassala">Parassala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaramapuram" title="Balaramapuram">Balaramapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattakada" title="Kattakada">Kattakada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirayinkeezhu" title="Chirayinkeezhu">Chirayinkeezhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilimanoor" title="Kilimanoor">Kilimanoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parippally" title="Parippally">Parippally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chathannoor" title="Chathannoor">Chathannoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottiyam" title="Kottiyam">Kottiyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundara" title="Kundara">Kundara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neendakara" title="Neendakara">Neendakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavara" title="Chavara">Chavara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oachira" title="Oachira">Oachira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasthamkotta" title="Sasthamkotta">Sasthamkotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnathur,_Kerala" title="Kunnathur, Kerala">Kunnathur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchal" title="Anchal">Anchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadakkal" title="Kadakkal">Kadakkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathanapuram" title="Pathanapuram">Pathanapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thenmala" title="Thenmala">Thenmala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulathupuzha" title="Kulathupuzha">Kulathupuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhencherry" title="Kozhencherry">Kozhencherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konni,_Kerala" title="Konni, Kerala">Konni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranni,_Kerala" title="Ranni, Kerala">Ranni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallapally" title="Mallapally">Mallapally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbanad" title="Kumbanad">Kumbanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranmula" title="Aranmula">Aranmula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulanada" title="Kulanada">Kulanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omallur" title="Omallur">Omallur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadasserikara" title="Vadasserikara">Vadasserikara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parumala" title="Parumala">Parumala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannar,_Alappuzha" title="Mannar, Alappuzha">Mannar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charummoodu" title="Charummoodu">Charummoodu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambalappuzha" title="Ambalappuzha">Ambalappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mararikulam" title="Mararikulam">Mararikulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aroor" title="Aroor">Aroor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanjirappally" title="Kanjirappally">Kanjirappally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erumely" title="Erumely">Erumely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundakayam" title="Mundakayam">Mundakayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vazhoor" title="Vazhoor">Vazhoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karukachal" title="Karukachal">Karukachal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampady" title="Pampady">Pampady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthuppally,_Kottayam" title="Puthuppally, Kottayam">Puthuppally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuravilangad" title="Kuravilangad">Kuravilangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzhavoor" title="Uzhavoor">Uzhavoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalayolaparambu" title="Thalayolaparambu">Thalayolaparambu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaduthuruthy" title="Kaduthuruthy">Kaduthuruthy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Kerala#Subdivisions" title="Kerala">Historical regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: #f6fbf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolathunadu" title="Kolathunadu">Kolathunadu (Kingdom of Cannanore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamorin" title="Zamorin">Zamorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_District" title="Malabar District">Malabar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Malabar" title="North Malabar">North Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Malabar" title="South Malabar">South Malabar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cochin" title="Kingdom of Cochin">Cochin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venad_(kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venad (kingdom)">Venad (kingdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travancore%E2%80%93Cochin" title="Travancore–Cochin">Travancore–Cochin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #9CC1A5; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_of_Kerala" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Municipalities_of_Kerala" title="Template:Municipalities of Kerala"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Municipalities_of_Kerala" title="Template talk:Municipalities of Kerala"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities_of_Kerala" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities of Kerala"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_of_Kerala" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Kerala" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Kerala">Municipalities of Kerala</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kasaragod_district" title="Kasaragod district">Kasaragod</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanhangad" title="Kanhangad">Kanhangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasaragod" title="Kasaragod">Kasaragod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nileshwaram" title="Nileshwaram">Nileshwaram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kannur_district" title="Kannur district">Kannur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthoor" title="Anthoor">Anthoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iritty" title="Iritty">Iritty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuthuparamba" title="Kuthuparamba">Kuthuparamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattannur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mattannur">Mattannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panoor" title="Panoor">Panoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payyannur" class="mw-redirect" title="Payyannur">Payyannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sreekandapuram" title="Sreekandapuram">Sreekandapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliparamba" title="Taliparamba">Taliparamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalassery" title="Thalassery">Thalassery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wayanad_district" title="Wayanad district">Wayanad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalpetta" title="Kalpetta">Kalpetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mananthavady" title="Mananthavady">Mananthavady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulthan_Bathery" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulthan Bathery">Sulthan Bathery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode_district" title="Kozhikode district">Kozhikode</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feroke" title="Feroke">Feroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koduvally" title="Koduvally">Koduvally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyilandy" title="Koyilandy">Koyilandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukkam" title="Mukkam">Mukkam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payyoli" title="Payyoli">Payyoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanattukara" title="Ramanattukara">Ramanattukara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatakara" title="Vatakara">Vatakara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malappuram_district" title="Malappuram district">Malappuram</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kondotty" title="Kondotty">Kondotty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottakkal" title="Kottakkal">Kottakkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malappuram" title="Malappuram">Malappuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjeri" title="Manjeri">Manjeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilambur" title="Nilambur">Nilambur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parappanangadi" title="Parappanangadi">Parappanangadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perinthalmanna" title="Perinthalmanna">Perinthalmanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanur,_Malappuram" title="Tanur, Malappuram">Tanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirur" title="Tirur">Tirur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirurangadi" title="Tirurangadi">Tirurangadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valanchery" title="Valanchery">Valanchery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palakkad_district" title="Palakkad district">Palakkad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherpulassery" title="Cherpulassery">Cherpulassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittur-Thathamangalam" title="Chittur-Thathamangalam">Chittur-Thathamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannarkkad" title="Mannarkkad">Mannarkkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottappalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottappalam">Ottappalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palakkad" title="Palakkad">Palakkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattambi" title="Pattambi">Pattambi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoranur" title="Shoranur">Shoranur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_district" title="Thrissur district">Thrissur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalakudy" title="Chalakudy">Chalakudy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavakkad" title="Chavakkad">Chavakkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guruvayur" title="Guruvayur">Guruvayur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irinjalakuda" title="Irinjalakuda">Irinjalakuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Kodungallur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnamkulam" title="Kunnamkulam">Kunnamkulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadakkancherry" title="Wadakkancherry">Wadakkancherry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_district" title="Ernakulam district">Ernakulam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluva" title="Aluva">Aluva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angamaly" title="Angamaly">Angamaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eloor" title="Eloor">Eloor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamassery" title="Kalamassery">Kalamassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koothattukulam" title="Koothattukulam">Koothattukulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothamangalam,_Ernakulam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kothamangalam, Ernakulam">Kothamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maradu" title="Maradu">Maradu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muvattupuzha" title="Muvattupuzha">Muvattupuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Paravur" title="North Paravur">North Paravur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perumbavoor" title="Perumbavoor">Perumbavoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piravom" title="Piravom">Piravom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrikkakara" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrikkakara">Thrikkakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrippunithura" title="Thrippunithura">Thrippunithura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Idukki_district" title="Idukki district">Idukki</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kattappana" title="Kattappana">Kattappana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thodupuzha" title="Thodupuzha">Thodupuzha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kottayam_district" title="Kottayam district">Kottayam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changanassery" title="Changanassery">Changanassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erattupetta" title="Erattupetta">Erattupetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ettumanoor" title="Ettumanoor">Ettumanoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottayam" title="Kottayam">Kottayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palai" class="mw-redirect" title="Palai">Palai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikom" title="Vaikom">Vaikom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alappuzha_district" title="Alappuzha district">Alappuzha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alappuzha" title="Alappuzha">Alappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenganoor" class="mw-redirect" title="Chenganoor">Chenganoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherthala" title="Cherthala">Cherthala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haripad" title="Haripad">Haripad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayamkulam" title="Kayamkulam">Kayamkulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavelikkara" title="Mavelikkara">Mavelikkara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pathanamthitta_district" title="Pathanamthitta district">Pathanamthitta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoor" title="Adoor">Adoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandalam" title="Pandalam">Pandalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathanamthitta" title="Pathanamthitta">Pathanamthitta</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thiruvalla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kollam_district" title="Kollam district">Kollam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karunagappally" class="mw-redirect" title="Karunagappally">Karunagappally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottarakkara" title="Kottarakkara">Kottarakkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paravur,_Kollam" title="Paravur, Kollam">Paravur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punalur" title="Punalur">Punalur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruvananthapuram District">Thiruvananthapuram</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attingal" title="Attingal">Attingal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedumangad" title="Nedumangad">Nedumangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neyyattinkara" title="Neyyattinkara">Neyyattinkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varkala" title="Varkala">Varkala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Travancore_region" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Travancore_region" title="Template:Travancore region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Travancore_region" title="Template talk:Travancore region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Travancore_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Travancore region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Travancore_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore region</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari_district" title="Kanyakumari district">Kanyakumari</a> (Part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_district" title="Thiruvananthapuram district">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kollam District"> Kollam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathanamthitta_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathanamthitta District"> Pathanamthitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alappuzha_district" title="Alappuzha district"> Alappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottayam_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kottayam District"> Kottayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idukki_district" title="Idukki district"> Idukki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_district" title="Ernakulam district">Ernakulam</a> (Part)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Travancore_Anchal_Box_Krishnapuram_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Travancore_Anchal_Box_Krishnapuram_Palace.jpg/100px-Travancore_Anchal_Box_Krishnapuram_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Travancore_Anchal_Box_Krishnapuram_Palace.jpg/150px-Travancore_Anchal_Box_Krishnapuram_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Travancore_Anchal_Box_Krishnapuram_Palace.jpg/200px-Travancore_Anchal_Box_Krishnapuram_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns and<br />cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagarcoil" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagarcoil">Nagarcoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari" title="Kanyakumari">Kanyakumari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thovala" class="mw-redirect" title="Thovala">Thovala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suchindram" title="Suchindram">Suchindram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manavalakurichi" title="Manavalakurichi">Manavalakurichy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliyakkavilai" title="Kaliyakkavilai">Kaliyakkavilai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaikadu" title="Mandaikadu">Mandaikadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marthandam" title="Marthandam">Marthandam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neiyyur" title="Neiyyur">Neyyoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvithancode" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruvithancode">Thiruvithancode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolachal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolachal">Kolachal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parassala" title="Parassala">Parassala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neyyattinkara" title="Neyyattinkara">Neyyattinkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedumangadu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nedumangadu">Nedumangadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venjaramoodu" class="mw-redirect" title="Venjaramoodu">Venjaramoodu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryanad" class="mw-redirect" title="Aryanad">Aryanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vembayam" title="Vembayam">Vembayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirayinkeezhu" title="Chirayinkeezhu">Chirayinkeezhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attingal" title="Attingal">Attingal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varkala" title="Varkala">Varkala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avanavancherry" title="Avanavancherry">Avanavancherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallambalam" title="Kallambalam">Kallambalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilimanoor" title="Kilimanoor">Kilimanoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottarakkara" title="Kottarakkara">Kottarakkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neduvathoor" title="Neduvathoor">Neduvathoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayoor" title="Ayoor">Ayoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchal" title="Anchal">Anchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edamulackal" title="Edamulackal">Edamulackal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadayamangalam" title="Chadayamangalam">Chadayamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chathannoor" title="Chathannoor">Chathannoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalluvathukkal" title="Kalluvathukkal">Kalluvathukkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottiyam" title="Kottiyam">Kottiyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paravur,_Kollam" title="Paravur, Kollam">Paravur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parippally" title="Parippally">Parippally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munroethuruth" class="mw-redirect" title="Munroethuruth">Munroethuruth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayyanad" title="Mayyanad">Mayyanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punalur" title="Punalur">Punalur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathanapuram" title="Pathanapuram">Pathanapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchalloor" title="Manchalloor">Manchalloor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pidavoor" title="Pidavoor">Pidavoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoor" title="Adoor">Adoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konni,_Kerala" title="Konni, Kerala">Konni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathanamthitta" title="Pathanamthitta">Pathanamthitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhencherry" title="Kozhencherry">Kozhencherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranmula" title="Aranmula">Aranmula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbanad" title="Kumbanad">Kumbanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranni,_Kerala" title="Ranni, Kerala">Ranni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadasserikkara" class="mw-redirect" title="Vadasserikkara">Vadasserikkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallapally" title="Mallapally">Mallapally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruvalla" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruvalla">Tiruvalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parumala" title="Parumala">Parumala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannar_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mannar (India)">Mannar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edathua" title="Edathua">Edathua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengannur" title="Chengannur">Chengannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavelikkara" title="Mavelikkara">Mavelikkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padanilam" title="Padanilam">Padanilam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilakkal" title="Nilakkal">Nilakkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chettikulangara" title="Chettikulangara">Chettikulangara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayamkulam" title="Kayamkulam">Kayamkulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haripad" title="Haripad">Haripad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambalappuzha" title="Ambalappuzha">Ambalappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alappuzha" title="Alappuzha">Alappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankombu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mankombu">Mankombu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mararikulam" title="Mararikulam">Mararikulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherthala" title="Cherthala">Cherthala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aroor" title="Aroor">Aroor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changanacherry" class="mw-redirect" title="Changanacherry">Changanacherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vazhoor" title="Vazhoor">Vazhoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karukachal" title="Karukachal">Karukachal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottayam" title="Kottayam">Kottayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumarakam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumarakam">Kumarakam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pambadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pambadi">Pambadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ettumanoor" title="Ettumanoor">Ettumanoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikom" title="Vaikom">Vaikom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaduthuruthy" title="Kaduthuruthy">Kaduthuruthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalayolaparambu" title="Thalayolaparambu">Thalayolaparambu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuravilangad" title="Kuravilangad">Kuravilangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palai" class="mw-redirect" title="Palai">Palai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzhavoor" title="Uzhavoor">Uzhavoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonjar" title="Poonjar">Poonjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erattupetta" title="Erattupetta">Erattupetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanjirappally" title="Kanjirappally">Kanjirappally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponkunnam" title="Ponkunnam">Ponkunnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erumely" title="Erumely">Erumely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundakayam" title="Mundakayam">Mundakayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagamon" title="Vagamon">Vagamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peermade" title="Peermade">Peermade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumily" title="Kumily">Kumily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattappana" title="Kattappana">Kattappana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adimali" title="Adimali">Adimali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vechoor" title="Vechoor">Vechoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Paravur" title="North Paravur">North Paravur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alengad" class="mw-redirect" title="Alengad">Alengad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angamaly" title="Angamaly">Angamaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalady" title="Kalady">Kalady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluva" title="Aluva">Aluva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perumbavoor" title="Perumbavoor">Perumbavoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muvattupuzha" title="Muvattupuzha">Muvattupuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothamangalam,_Ernakulam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kothamangalam, Ernakulam">Kothamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arakuzha" title="Arakuzha">Arakuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koothattukulam" title="Koothattukulam">Koothattukulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piravom" title="Piravom">Piravom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolenchery" title="Kolenchery">Kolenchery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizhakkambalam" title="Kizhakkambalam">Kizhakkambalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idukki_district" title="Idukki district">Idukki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thodupuzha" title="Thodupuzha">Thodupuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painavu" title="Painavu">Painavu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munnar" title="Munnar">Munnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devikulam" title="Devikulam">Devikulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannan_Devan_Hills" title="Kannan Devan Hills">Kannan Devan Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marayur" title="Marayur">Marayur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adimali" title="Adimali">Adimali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udumbanchola" title="Udumbanchola">Udumbanchola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedumkandam" title="Nedumkandam">Nedumkandam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattappana" title="Kattappana">Kattappana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajakkad" title="Rajakkad">Rajakkad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pathanamthitta_district" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pathanamthitta_district" title="Template:Pathanamthitta district"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pathanamthitta_district" title="Template talk:Pathanamthitta district"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pathanamthitta_district" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pathanamthitta district"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pathanamthitta_district" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pathanamthitta_district" title="Pathanamthitta district">Pathanamthitta district</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Cities and towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoor" title="Adoor">Adoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandalam" title="Pandalam">Pandalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konni,_Pathanamthitta" class="mw-redirect" title="Konni, Pathanamthitta"> Konni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathanamthitta" title="Pathanamthitta">Pathanamthitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elanthoor" title="Elanthoor">Elanthoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhencherry" title="Kozhencherry">Kozhencherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranmula" title="Aranmula">Aranmula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koipuram" title="Koipuram">Koipuram</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kumbanad" title="Kumbanad">Kumbanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruvalla" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruvalla">Tiruvalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadapra" title="Kadapra">Kadapra</a>-<a href="/wiki/Parumala" title="Parumala">Parumala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallapally" title="Mallapally">Mallapally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranni,_Kerala" title="Ranni, Kerala">Ranni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Talukas,<br />panchayats<br />and<br />villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adoor" title="Adoor">Adoor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enadimangalam" title="Enadimangalam">Enadimangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodumon" title="Kodumon">Kodumon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angadickal" title="Angadickal">Angadickal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhamkulam" title="Ezhamkulam">Ezhamkulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enathu" title="Enathu">Enathu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erathu" title="Erathu">Erathu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoor" title="Adoor">Adoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parakode" title="Parakode">Parakode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadampanad" title="Kadampanad">Kadampanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peringanad" class="mw-redirect" title="Peringanad">Peringanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallikkal,_Pathanamthitta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pallikkal, Pathanamthitta">Pallikkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thumpamon" title="Thumpamon">Thumpamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandalam_Thekkekara" title="Pandalam Thekkekara">Pandalam Thekkekara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithaparampu" title="Kaithaparampu">Kaithaparampu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurampala" title="Kurampala">Kurampala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandalam" title="Pandalam">Pandalam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Konni,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Konni, India">Konni</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalanjoor" title="Kalanjoor">Kalanjoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koodal" title="Koodal">Koodal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mylapra" title="Mylapra">Mylapra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalapuzha" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalapuzha">Malayalapuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallicode" title="Vallicode">Vallicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallicode-Kottayam" title="Vallicode-Kottayam">Vallicode-Kottayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramadom" title="Pramadom">Pramadom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konni,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Konni, India">Konni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konni-Thazham" class="mw-redirect" title="Konni-Thazham">Konni-Thazham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iravon" title="Iravon">Iravon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruvappulam" title="Aruvappulam">Aruvappulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thannithodu" class="mw-redirect" title="Thannithodu">Thannithodu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seethathodu" title="Seethathodu">Seethathodu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittar,_Kerala" title="Chittar, Kerala">Chittar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kozhencherry" title="Kozhencherry">Kozhencherry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kulanada" title="Kulanada">Kulanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezhuveli" title="Mezhuveli">Mezhuveli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidangannoor" title="Kidangannoor">Kidangannoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranmula" title="Aranmula">Aranmula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallappuzhassery" title="Mallappuzhassery">Mallappuzhassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhencherry" title="Kozhencherry">Kozhencherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naranganam" title="Naranganam">Naranganam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elanthoor" title="Elanthoor">Elanthoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenneerkara" title="Chenneerkara">Chenneerkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omalloor" class="mw-redirect" title="Omalloor">Omalloor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathanamthitta" title="Pathanamthitta">Pathanamthitta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ranni,_Kerala" title="Ranni, Kerala">Ranni</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vadasserikkara" class="mw-redirect" title="Vadasserikkara">Vadasserikkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perunad" title="Perunad">Ranni-Perunad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athikkayam" title="Athikkayam">Athikkayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollamula" title="Kollamula">Kollamula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chethakkal" title="Chethakkal">Chethakkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazhavangadi_(Pathanamthitta)" title="Pazhavangadi (Pathanamthitta)">Ranni-Pazhavangadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angadi" title="Angadi">Ranni-Angadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranni,_Kerala" title="Ranni, Kerala">Ranni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherukole" title="Cherukole">Cherukole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayroor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayroor">Ayroor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mallappally" class="mw-redirect" title="Mallappally">Mallappally</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kottangal" title="Kottangal">Kottangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perumpetty" title="Perumpetty">Perumpetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhumattoor" title="Ezhumattoor">Ezhumattoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelliyoor" title="Thelliyoor">Thelliyoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puramattam" title="Puramattam">Puramattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anicadu" title="Anicadu">Anicadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallooppara" title="Kallooppara">Kallooppara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallappally" class="mw-redirect" title="Mallappally">Mallappally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnamthanam" title="Kunnamthanam">Kunnamthanam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thiruvalla</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaviyoor" title="Kaviyoor">Kaviyoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuttoor_(Thiruvalla)" title="Kuttoor (Thiruvalla)">Kuttoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eraviperoor" title="Eraviperoor">Eraviperoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koipuram" title="Koipuram">Koipuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thottapuzhassery" title="Thottapuzhassery">Thottapuzhassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuttappuzha" title="Kuttappuzha">Kuttappuzha</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thiruvalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavumbhagam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kavumbhagam">Kavumbhagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peringara" title="Peringara">Peringara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedumpuram" title="Nedumpuram">Nedumpuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadapra" title="Kadapra">Kadapra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niranam" title="Niranam">Niranam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2336443#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2336443#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2336443#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/154889708">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4598756-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n89113228">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007565182105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&oldid=1263530395">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&oldid=1263530395</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Thiruvalla" title="Category:Thiruvalla">Thiruvalla</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_and_towns_in_Pathanamthitta_district" title="Category:Cities and towns in Pathanamthitta district">Cities and towns in Pathanamthitta district</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2020">Use dmy dates from August 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_October_2015" title="Category:Use Indian English from October 2015">Use Indian English from October 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Malayalam_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Malayalam IPA">Pages with Malayalam IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_March_2024" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2024">Articles needing additional references from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 December 2024, at 04:55<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalla&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-55db797859-g4c6q","wgBackendResponseTime":181,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.185","walltime":"1.600","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7885,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":210299,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":14862,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":27,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":10,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":144537,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1271.834 1 -total"," 27.66% 351.790 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 24.05% 305.868 1 Template:Infobox"," 20.78% 264.350 1 Template:Reflist"," 13.34% 169.688 15 Template:Cite_web"," 10.73% 136.511 1 Template:IPA-ml"," 10.61% 134.911 1 Template:IPA"," 6.78% 86.279 1 Template:Geographic_Location"," 5.47% 69.534 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.03% 63.950 6 Template:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.706","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":25894228,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-64bc75cbbf-kcxxw","timestamp":"20241218032146","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Thiruvalla","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thiruvalla","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2336443","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2336443","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-02-14T13:08:53Z","dateModified":"2024-12-17T04:55:44Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c8\/Sree_Vallabha_Temple_Thiruvalla.jpg","headline":"Municipal town in Kerala, India"}</script> </body> </html>