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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Interior</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magnetic_field" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magnetic_field"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Magnetic field</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magnetic_field-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rotation_and_orbit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rotation_and_orbit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Rotation and orbit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rotation_and_orbit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Planetary_rings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planetary_rings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Planetary rings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Planetary_rings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Planetary rings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Planetary_rings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_features_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_features_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Physical features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_features_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spokes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spokes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Spokes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spokes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Moons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Exploration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Saturn</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 231 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-231" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">231 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Saturnus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(Planet)" title="Saturn (Planet) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Saturn (Planet)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%88%85%E1%8D%88%E1%8B%B5" title="ማህፈድ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማህፈድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Saturnus" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF" title="शनि – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="शनि" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A6tern_(tungol)" title="Sætern (tungol) – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Sætern (tungol)" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84" title="زحل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زحل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(planeta)" title="Saturno (planeta) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Saturno (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(plan%C3%A8ta)" title="Saturno (planèta) – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Saturno (planèta)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B9" title="শনি গ্ৰহ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="শনি গ্ৰহ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu_(planeta)" title="Saturnu (planeta) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Saturnu (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9" title="शनि ग्रह – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="शनि ग्रह" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C3%BAyno" title="Satúyno – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Satúyno" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(planet)" title="Saturn (planet) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Saturn (planet)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%84" title="زوحل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="زوحل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Saturnus" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9" title="শনি গ্রহ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শনি গ্রহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Saturnus" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B3%CD%98-chhe%E2%81%BF" title="Thó͘-chheⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thó͘-chheⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Saturnus" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Сатурн (планета) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сатурн (планета)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Сатурн (планета) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сатурн (планета)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сатурн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9" title="शनि ग्रह – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="शनि ग्रह" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno" title="Saturno – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Saturno" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Сатурн (планета) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сатурн (планета)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(Planet)" title="Saturn (Planet) – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Saturn (Planet)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="སྤེན་པ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྤེན་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadorn_(planedenn)" title="Sadorn (planedenn) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sadorn (planedenn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3)" title="Бимба (гараг) – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Бимба (гараг)" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(planeta)" title="Saturn (planeta) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Saturn (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сатурн" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(planeta)" title="Saturno (planeta) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Saturno (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(planeta)" title="Saturn (planeta) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Saturn (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirema_(chindeya)" title="Chirema (chindeya) – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chirema (chindeya)" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanya_la_Mlisko" title="Chanya la Mlisko – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Chanya la Mlisko" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu" title="Saturnu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Saturnu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadwrn_(planed)" title="Sadwrn (planed) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sadwrn (planed)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86" title="ساتورن – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ساتورن" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Saturnus" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(Planet)" title="Saturn (Planet) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Saturn (Planet)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9etin" title="Séetin – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Séetin" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(planet)" title="Saturn (planet) – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Saturn (planet)" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9" title="शनिग्रह – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="शनिग्रह" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94" title="སྤེན་པ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="སྤེན་པ" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82)" title="Κρόνος (πλανήτης) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κρόνος (πλανήτης)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C3%BBren" title="Satûren – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Satûren" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(planeta)" title="Saturno (planeta) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Saturno (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(planedo)" title="Saturno (planedo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Saturno (planedo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu_(praneta)" title="Saturnu (praneta) – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Saturnu (praneta)" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno" title="Saturno – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Saturno" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84" title="زحل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زحل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanigrah" title="Sanigrah – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Sanigrah" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturne_(plan%C3%A8te)" title="Saturne (planète) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Saturne (planète)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Saturnus" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satarn_(pl%C3%A1in%C3%A9ad)" title="Satarn (pláinéad) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Satarn (pláinéad)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarn_(planaid)" title="Sarn (planaid) – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Sarn (planaid)" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satarn" title="Satarn – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Satarn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno" title="Saturno – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Saturno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F" title="土星 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="土星" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A4%D8%AD%D9%84" title="زؤحل – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="زؤحل" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF_(%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B9)" title="શનિ (ગ્રહ) – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="શનિ (ગ્રહ)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%BA-s%C3%AAn" title="Thú-sên – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thú-sên" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Сатурн һариг – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Сатурн һариг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EC%84%B1" title="토성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makulu" title="Makulu – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Makulu" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%B6_(%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF)" title="Սատուրն (մոլորակ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սատուրն (մոլորակ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF_(%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9)" title="शनि (ग्रह) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शनि (ग्रह)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno" title="Saturno – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Saturno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno" title="Saturno – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Saturno" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Saturnus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(planeta)" title="Saturno (planeta) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Saturno (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%C3%A6)" title="Сатурн (планетæ) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сатурн (планетæ)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISaturn_(i-astronomy)" title="ISaturn (i-astronomy) – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="ISaturn (i-astronomy)" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNomaxhama" title="UNomaxhama – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UNomaxhama" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C3%BArnus_(reikistjarna)" title="Satúrnus (reikistjarna) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Satúrnus (reikistjarna)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(astronomia)" title="Saturno (astronomia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Saturno (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%99" title="שבתאי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שבתאי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Saturnus" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satirini" title="Satirini – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Satirini" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF_(%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B9)" title="ಶನಿ (ಗ್ರಹ) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶನಿ (ಗ್ರಹ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu" title="Saturnu – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Saturnu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="სატურნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სატურნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%9A%D9%86" title="شیٚن – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="شیٚن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturna" title="Saturna – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Saturna" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сатурн" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadorn_(planet)" title="Sadorn (planet) – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Sadorn (planet)" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zohali" title="Zohali – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Zohali" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Сатурн" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturne" title="Saturne – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Saturne" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satin_(plan%C3%A8t)" title="Satin (planèt) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Satin (planèt)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satirn_(plan%C3%A8t)" title="Satirn (planèt) – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Satirn (planèt)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(gerst%C3%AArk)" title="Saturn (gerstêrk) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Saturn (gerstêrk)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сатурн" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%B2" title="ດາວເສົາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ດາວເສົາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus_(planeta)" title="Saturnus (planeta) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Saturnus (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturns_(plan%C4%93ta)" title="Saturns (planēta) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Saturns (planēta)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(Plan%C3%A9it)" title="Saturn (Planéit) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Saturn (Planéit)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Сатурн" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnas" title="Saturnas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Saturnas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C3%BBrno_(astronomia)" title="Satûrno (astronomia) – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Satûrno (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus_(planeet)" title="Saturnus (planeet) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Saturnus (planeet)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satun%C3%A9" title="Satuné – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Satuné" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno" title="Saturno – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Saturno" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Saturnus" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/saturn" title="saturn – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="saturn" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(pianeta)" title="Saturno (pianeta) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Saturno (pianeta)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szaturnusz" title="Szaturnusz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szaturnusz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Сатурн (планета) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сатурн (планета)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satiorna_(planeta)" title="Satiorna (planeta) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Satiorna (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="ശനി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ശനി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu_(pjaneta)" title="Saturnu (pjaneta) – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Saturnu (pjaneta)" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9" title="शनी ग्रह – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शनी ग्रह" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90)" title="მარსქული (პლანეტა) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მარსქული (პლანეტა)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84" title="زحل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زحل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="کنوون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کنوون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuhal" title="Zuhal – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zuhal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%86_%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯊꯥꯡꯆ ꯊꯄꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯊꯥꯡꯆ ꯊꯄꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Saturnus" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%AB-s%C4%ADng" title="Tū-sĭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tū-sĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno" title="Saturno – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Saturno" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5)" title="Сатурн (шары тяште) – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Сатурн (шары тяште)" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Санчир – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Санчир" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%82%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BA" title="စနေဂြိုဟ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စနေဂြိုဟ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzitzimic%C4%ABtlalli" title="Tzitzimicītlalli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tzitzimicītlalli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Nigerian Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigerian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus_(planeet)" title="Saturnus (planeet) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Saturnus (planeet)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus_(planeet)" title="Saturnus (planeet) – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Saturnus (planeet)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9" title="शनिग्रह – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="शनिग्रह" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81" title="संनगु – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="संनगु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F" title="土星 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="土星" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno" title="Saturno – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Saturno" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9E%DF%8C%DF%AC%DF%98%DF%8C%DF%B2%DF%AC%DF%95%DF%8C%DF%AE" title="ߞߌ߬ߘߌ߲߬ߕߌ߮ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߞߌ߬ߘߌ߲߬ߕߌ߮" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Сатурн" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Saturnus" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planeten_Saturn" title="Planeten Saturn – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Planeten Saturn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturne_(planete)" title="Saturne (planete) – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Saturne (planete)" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturne_(planeta)" title="Saturne (planeta) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Saturne (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B6%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF" title="ଶନି – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଶନି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafqubeellaa" title="Lafqubeellaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Lafqubeellaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_(%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF)" title="ਸ਼ਨੀ (ਗ੍ਰਹਿ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ਨੀ (ਗ੍ਰਹਿ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84" title="زحل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="زحل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84" title="زحل – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="زحل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satoern" title="Satoern – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Satoern" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%8D" title="ភពសៅរ៍ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភពសៅរ៍" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(pianeta)" title="Saturn (pianeta) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Saturn (pianeta)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(Planet)" title="Saturn (Planet) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Saturn (Planet)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(planeta)" title="Saturno (planeta) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Saturno (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(planeta)" title="Saturn (planeta) – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Saturn (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zual" title="Zual – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Zual" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shani" title="Shani – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Shani" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_(planet)" title="Saturn (planet) – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Saturn (planet)" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawcha" title="Hawcha – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hawcha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Сатурн" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сатурн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сатурн" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83" title="शनिः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="शनिः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9E" title="ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu_(praneta)" title="Saturnu (praneta) – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Saturnu (praneta)" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturni" title="Saturni – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Saturni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu_(pianeta)" title="Saturnu (pianeta) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Saturnu (pianeta)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%80" title="සෙනසුරු ග්‍රහලොව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සෙනසුරු ග්‍රහලොව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84" title="زحل – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="زحل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A" title="Кронъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Кронъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raage" title="Raage – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Raage" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کەیوان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کەیوان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сатурн" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Saturnus" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saturnus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Saturnus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(planeta)" title="Saturno (planeta) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Saturno (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF_(%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D)" title="சனி (கோள்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சனி (கோள்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Сатурн (планета) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сатурн (планета)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%82" title="శని గ్రహం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="శని గ్రహం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnu_(planeta)" title="Saturnu (planeta) – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Saturnu (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ดาวเสาร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดาวเสาร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Зуҳал – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Зуҳал" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%8C%E1%8F%93%E1%8F%82" title="ᏌᏓᏂ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏌᏓᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C3%BCrn" title="Satürn – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Satürn" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satun" title="Satun – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Satun" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Сатурн – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Сатурн" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Сатурн (планета) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сатурн (планета)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84" title="زحل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زحل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%86" title="ساتۇرن – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ساتۇرن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndaundeiqnamh" title="Ndaundeiqnamh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ndaundeiqnamh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_(astronomia)" title="Saturno (astronomia) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Saturno (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sao_Th%E1%BB%95" title="Sao Thổ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sao Thổ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C3%BBne_(planete)" title="Satûne (planete) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Satûne (planete)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F" title="土星 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="土星" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus_(planete)" title="Saturnus (planete) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Saturnus (planete)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno" title="Saturno – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Saturno" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F" title="土星 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="土星" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="סאטורן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סאטורן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1t%C3%BArn%C3%B9" title="Sátúrnù – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Sátúrnù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F" title="土星 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="土星" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus_(planete)" title="Saturnus (planete) – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Saturnus (planete)" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satorns" title="Satorns – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Satorns" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F" title="土星 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="土星" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johal" title="Johal – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Johal" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus" title="Saturnus – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saturnus" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Saturn" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%93" title="ⴰⴳⵔⵓ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⴳⵔⵓ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q193#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the planet. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Saturn_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Saturn (disambiguation)">Saturn (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9689576">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Saturn <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn_symbol_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="♄"><img alt="♄" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Saturn_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/24px-Saturn_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Saturn_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/36px-Saturn_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Saturn_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/48px-Saturn_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn_during_Equinox.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Saturn_during_Equinox.jpg/300px-Saturn_during_Equinox.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Saturn_during_Equinox.jpg/450px-Saturn_during_Equinox.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Saturn_during_Equinox.jpg/600px-Saturn_during_Equinox.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4613" data-file-height="2233" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Pictured in natural color approaching <a href="/wiki/Equinox" title="Equinox">equinox</a>, photographed by <i><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini</a></i> in July 2008; the dot in the bottom left corner is <a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Titan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#f8f9fa">Designations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="nowrap" style="font-size:85%">(<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap;margin-right:.25em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Saturn.ogg" title="About this sound"><img alt="audio speaker icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/En-us-Saturn.ogg" class="internal" title="En-us-Saturn.ogg">listen</a></span></span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-walter2003_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walter2003-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Named after</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saturn_(mythology)" title="Saturn (mythology)">Saturn</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_adjectivals_and_demonyms_of_astronomical_bodies" title="List of adjectivals and demonyms of astronomical bodies">Adjectives</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Saturnian <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cronian<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> / Kronian<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#f8f9fa"><a href="/wiki/Osculating_orbit" title="Osculating orbit">Orbital characteristics</a><sup id="cite_ref-fact_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fact-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)" title="Epoch (astronomy)">Epoch</a> <a href="/wiki/J2000.0" class="mw-redirect" title="J2000.0">J2000.0</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion and aphelion">Aphelion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,514.50 million km (10.1238 AU)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion and aphelion">Perihelion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,352.55 million km (9.0412 AU)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes" title="Semi-major and semi-minor axes">Semi-major axis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,433.53 million km (9.5826 AU)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Eccentricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998565000000000000♠"></span>0.0565</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Orbital period</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8662964">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001294571000000000♠"></span>29.4571 <a href="/wiki/Julian_year_(astronomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian year (astronomy)">yr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008929596608000000♠"></span>10,759.22 d</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004244910700000000♠"></span>24,491.07</span> Saturnian <a href="/wiki/Solar_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar day">solar days</a><sup id="cite_ref-CSeligman_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSeligman-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Synodic period</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">378.09 days</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Average <a href="/wiki/Orbital_speed" title="Orbital speed">orbital speed</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">9.68 km/s (6.01 mi/s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Mean_anomaly" title="Mean anomaly">Mean anomaly</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000553304279467243♠"></span>317.020°</span><sup id="cite_ref-VSOP87_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VSOP87-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998433714319120591♠"></span>2.485°</span> to <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">ecliptic</a><sup id="cite_ref-VSOP87_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VSOP87-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998961676417848877♠"></span>5.51°</span> to <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a><sup id="cite_ref-VSOP87_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VSOP87-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998162315620435473♠"></span>0.93°</span> to <a href="/wiki/Invariable_plane" title="Invariable plane">invariable plane</a><sup id="cite_ref-Souami_Souchay_2012_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Souami_Souchay_2012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Longitude_of_the_ascending_node" title="Longitude of the ascending node">Longitude of ascending node</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000198382849427935♠"></span>113.665°</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Time of periastron</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2032-Nov-29<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Argument_of_periapsis" title="Argument of periapsis">Argument of perihelion</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000592350785492860♠"></span>339.392°</span><sup id="cite_ref-VSOP87_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VSOP87-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Known <a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">satellites</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn" title="Moons of Saturn">145</a> in total <a href="/wiki/Moonlet" title="Moonlet">moonlets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fact_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fact-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#f8f9fa"><span class="anchor" id="Infobox_Physical_characteristics"></span>Physical characteristics<sup id="cite_ref-fact_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fact-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Mean radius</div></th><td class="infobox-data">58,232 km (36,184 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-1bar_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1bar-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">Equatorial</a> radius</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>60,268 km (37,449 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-1bar_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1bar-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000944900000000000♠"></span>9.449</span> Earths</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Geographical_pole" title="Geographical pole">Polar</a> radius</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>54,364 km (33,780 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-1bar_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1bar-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000855200000000000♠"></span>8.552 Earths</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Flattening" title="Flattening">Flattening</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998979600000000000♠"></span>0.097<span style="margin-left:.25em;">96</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Circumference</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><span style="white-space: nowrap">365<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">882.4</span></span> km <small><a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equatorial</a> (<span style="white-space: nowrap">227<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">348.8</span></span> mi)</small><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Spheroid#Surface_area" title="Spheroid">Surface area</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>4.27<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>10</sup> km<sup>2</sup> (1.65<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>10</sup> sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-nasafact_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasafact-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1bar_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1bar-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001837030000000000♠"></span>83.703 Earths</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">Volume</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>8.2713<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>14</sup> km<sup>3</sup> (1.9844<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>14</sup> cu mi)<sup id="cite_ref-1bar_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1bar-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002763590000000000♠"></span>763.59 Earths</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">Mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7026568340000000000♠"></span>5.6834<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>26</sup> kg</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001951590000000000♠"></span>95.159 Earths</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Mean <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">density</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.687 <a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">g</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cubic_centimetre" title="Cubic centimetre">cm<sup>3</sup></a> (0.0248 <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">lb/cu in</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1bar_b_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1bar_b-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span style="font-size:85%;">(less than water)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Surface_gravity" title="Surface gravity">Surface gravity</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>10.44 <a href="/wiki/Metre_per_second_squared" title="Metre per second squared">m/s<sup>2</sup></a> (34.3 <a href="/wiki/Foot_per_second_squared" title="Foot per second squared">ft/s<sup>2</sup></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1bar_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1bar-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1.065 <i><a href="/wiki/G-force" class="mw-redirect" title="G-force">g</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Moment_of_inertia_factor" title="Moment of inertia factor">Moment of inertia factor</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999220000000000000♠"></span>0.22</span><sup id="cite_ref-Fortney2018_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fortney2018-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Escape_velocity" class="mw-redirect" title="Escape velocity">Escape velocity</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">35.5 km/s (22.1 mi/s)<sup id="cite_ref-1bar_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1bar-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Rotation_period" title="Rotation period">Rotation period</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">10 h 32 m 36 s <br />(<a href="/wiki/Synodic_day" title="Synodic day">synodic; solar day</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-CSeligman_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSeligman-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Sidereal <a href="/wiki/Rotation_period" title="Rotation period">rotation period</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"> 10<sup>h</sup> 33<sup>m</sup> 38<sup>s</sup> <span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+ 1<sup>m</sup> 52<sup>s</sup></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">− 1<sup>m</sup> 19<sup>s</sup></sub></span> </span><sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20190118_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20190118-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-APJ-20190117_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APJ-20190117-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Equatorial rotation velocity</div></th><td class="infobox-data">9.87 km/s (6.13 mi/s; 35,500 km/h)<sup id="cite_ref-1bar_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1bar-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Axial_tilt" title="Axial tilt">Axial tilt</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">26.73° <span style="font-size:85%;">(to orbit)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">North pole <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Right_ascension" title="Right ascension">right ascension</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data">40.589°;  2<sup>h</sup> 42<sup>m</sup> 21<sup>s</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">North pole <a href="/wiki/Declination" title="Declination">declination</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">83.537°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">Albedo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>0.342 (<a href="/wiki/Bond_albedo" title="Bond albedo">Bond</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Hanel_et_al_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanel_et_al-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>0.499 (<a href="/wiki/Geometric_albedo" title="Geometric albedo">geometric</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_et_al_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_et_al-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table style="border-spacing: 0px; width:100%; border:none; background-color:#f9f9f9; margin:0; text-align:left; line-height:1.2em; white-space:nowrap"><tbody><tr> <th style="width:33%; padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">Surface <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temp.</a></th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">min</th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">mean</th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">max</th> </tr><tr> <th style="padding-left:1.0em">1 <a href="/wiki/Bar_(unit)" title="Bar (unit)">bar</a></th> <td></td> <td>134 K</td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <th style="padding-left:1.0em">0.1 <a href="/wiki/Bar_(unit)" title="Bar (unit)">bar</a></th> <td>88 K<sup id="cite_ref-min_max_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-min_max-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>97 K<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>151 K<sup id="cite_ref-min_max_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-min_max-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" class="mw-redirect" title="Apparent magnitude">Apparent magnitude</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">−0.55<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to +1.17<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Angular_diameter" class="mw-redirect" title="Angular diameter">Angular diameter</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">14.5″ to 20.1″ (excludes rings)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#f8f9fa">Atmosphere<sup id="cite_ref-fact_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fact-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Surface <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">pressure</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">140 kPa<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Scale_height" title="Scale height">Scale height</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">59.5 km (37.0 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_chemistry#Atmospheric_composition" title="Atmospheric chemistry">Composition by volume</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><table><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999963000000000000♠"></span>96.3%<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>2.4%</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> (H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998325000000000000♠"></span>3.25%<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>2.4%</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> (He)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6997450000000000000♠"></span>0.45%<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.2%</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a> (CH<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6996125000000000000♠"></span>0.0125%<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.0075%</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a> (NH<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6996109999999999999♠"></span>0.0110%<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.0058%</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_deuteride" title="Hydrogen deuteride">hydrogen deuteride</a> (HD)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6994700000000000000♠"></span>0.0007%<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.00015%</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ethane" title="Ethane">ethane</a> (C<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />6</span>)</td></tr></tbody></table><b>Ices</b>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a> (NH<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> (H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammonium_hydrosulfide" title="Ammonium hydrosulfide">ammonium hydrosulfide</a> (NH<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span>SH)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Saturn</b> is the sixth <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planet</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>. Saturn takes about 29.5 <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> years to complete one orbit around the Sun. A day on Saturn is much shorter than an Earth day, lasting only about 10.7 hours. This means that Saturn spins much faster than Earth, completing more than two rotations in the same time it takes Earth to complete just one. <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saturn is one of the four <a href="/wiki/Giant_planet" title="Giant planet">giant planets</a> in the Solar System, with <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a>. It is the second largest planet in the Solar System (Jupiter is the largest).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saturn was named after the <a href="/wiki/Roman_mythology" title="Roman mythology">Roman god</a> <a href="/wiki/Saturn_(mythology)" title="Saturn (mythology)">Saturn</a>. He was the Roman equivalent of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek god</a> <a href="/wiki/Kronos" title="Kronos">Kronos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saturn's symbol is ♄ which is the symbol of Saturnus' <a href="/wiki/Sickle" title="Sickle">sickle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inside Saturn is probably a <a href="/wiki/Planetary_core" title="Planetary core">core</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> compounds, surrounded by a deep layer of <a href="/wiki/Metallic_hydrogen" title="Metallic hydrogen">metallic hydrogen</a>, then a layer of <a href="/wiki/Liquid" title="Liquid">liquid</a> <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> and liquid <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> and finally, an outer <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gaseous</a> layer.<sup id="cite_ref-Composition_ref_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Composition_ref-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saturn has 146 known <a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">moons</a> <a href="/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit">orbiting</a> the planet.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest moon is <a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Titan</a>. Titan is larger in <a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">volume</a> than the planet <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a>. It is the second-largest moon in the Solar System. The largest moon is a moon of Jupiter, <a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(moon)" title="Ganymede (moon)">Ganymede</a>. There are also many <a href="/wiki/Planetary_ring" title="Planetary ring">rings</a> around Saturn. These rings are made of <a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">ice</a> with some <a href="/wiki/Minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Minerals">rocks</a> and dust. Some people think that that the rings were made by a moon <a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">impact</a> or other event. Saturn is about 1,433,000,000 <a href="/wiki/Kilometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilometer">km</a> (870,000,000 <a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">mi</a>) on average from the Sun. Saturn takes 29.4 <a href="/wiki/Julian_year_(astronomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian year (astronomy)">Earth years</a> in order to complete a revolution around the Sun.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_features">Physical features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Physical features" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Physical features"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn_Earth_Comparison.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Saturn compared to Earth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Saturn_Earth_Comparison.png/220px-Saturn_Earth_Comparison.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Saturn_Earth_Comparison.png/330px-Saturn_Earth_Comparison.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Saturn_Earth_Comparison.png/440px-Saturn_Earth_Comparison.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption>Saturn compared with the size of the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn_Robert_Hooke_1666.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Pen sketch with several labelled rings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Saturn_Robert_Hooke_1666.jpg/220px-Saturn_Robert_Hooke_1666.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Saturn_Robert_Hooke_1666.jpg/330px-Saturn_Robert_Hooke_1666.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Saturn_Robert_Hooke_1666.jpg/440px-Saturn_Robert_Hooke_1666.jpg 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption>Drawing of Saturn by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a> in 1666</figcaption></figure> <p>Saturn is a squished sphere. This means that it is flattened at the <a href="/wiki/Geographical_pole" title="Geographical pole">poles</a> and wider around the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rgo_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rgo-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The planet's <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equatorial</a> <a href="/wiki/Diameter" title="Diameter">diameter</a> is 120,536 km (74,898 mi). Its polar diameter (the distance from the north pole to the south pole through the centre) is 108,728 km (67,560 mi). This is a 9% difference.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saturn has a flattened shape because of its very fast <a href="/wiki/Rotation" title="Rotation">rotation</a>. It rotates once every 10.8 Earth hours. </p><p>Saturn is the only planet in the Solar System that is less <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">dense</a> than <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>. Even though the planet's <a href="/wiki/Planetary_core" title="Planetary core">core</a> is very dense, it has a <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gaseous</a> <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">atmosphere</a>. This makes its average density is 0.69 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. This means if Saturn could be placed in a large pool of water, it would float.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atmosphere">Atmosphere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Atmosphere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Atmosphere"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The outer part of Saturn's atmosphere is made up of about 96% <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>, 3% <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a>, 0.4% <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a> and 0.01% <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a>. There is also some <a href="/wiki/Acetylene" title="Acetylene">acetylene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethane" title="Ethane">ethane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phosphine" title="Phosphine">phosphine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mira_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mira-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn_hexagonal_north_pole_feature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The hexagonal cloud" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Saturn_hexagonal_north_pole_feature.jpg/220px-Saturn_hexagonal_north_pole_feature.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Saturn_hexagonal_north_pole_feature.jpg/330px-Saturn_hexagonal_north_pole_feature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Saturn_hexagonal_north_pole_feature.jpg/440px-Saturn_hexagonal_north_pole_feature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2012" data-file-height="1752" /></a><figcaption>The north polar <a href="/wiki/Hexagon" title="Hexagon">hexagonal</a> cloud first found by <a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a> and later by <a href="/wiki/Cassini-Huygens" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassini-Huygens">Cassini</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Saturn's <a href="/wiki/Cloud" title="Cloud">clouds</a> show a banded pattern. This is like the cloud bands seen on Jupiter. Saturn's clouds are much <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/faint#Adjective" class="extiw" title="wikt:faint">fainter</a> and the bands are wider at the equator. Saturn's lowest cloud layer is made up of water ice. It is about 10 km (6 mi) thick.<sup id="cite_ref-Mira_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mira-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a> there is quite low, at 250 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (-10°<a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">F</a>, -23°<a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">C</a>). However, scientists do not all agree on this. The layer above is made up of <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_sulfide" title="Ammonium sulfide">ammonium hydrosulfide</a> ice. It is about 77 km (48 mi) thick. Above it is a layer of ammonia ice clouds which are 80 km (50 mi) thick.<sup id="cite_ref-Mira_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mira-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest layer is made up of hydrogen and helium gases. It goes to between 200 km (124 mi) and 270 km (168 mi) above the water cloud tops. <a href="/wiki/Aurora" title="Aurora">Auroras</a> can be seen in Saturn in the <a href="/wiki/Mesosphere" title="Mesosphere">mesosphere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mira_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mira-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The temperature at Saturn's cloud tops is very low, at 98 K (-283 °F, -175 °C). The temperatures in the inner layers are much higher than the outside layers because of the <a href="/wiki/Heat" title="Heat">heat</a> made by Saturn's inside.<sup id="cite_ref-heat_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heat-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saturn's <a href="/wiki/Wind" title="Wind">winds</a> are some of the fastest in the Solar System. They can reach 1,800 <a href="/wiki/Kilometres_per_hour" title="Kilometres per hour">km/h</a> (1,118 <a href="/wiki/Miles_per_hour" title="Miles per hour">mph</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ten times faster than winds on <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Storms_and_spots">Storms and spots</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Storms and spots" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Storms and spots"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Saturn's atmosphere can make oval shaped clouds. They are like the clearer spots seen on Jupiter. These oval spots are cyclonic storms, similar to <a href="/wiki/Cyclone" title="Cyclone">cyclones</a> seen on Earth. In 1990, the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> found a very large white cloud near Saturn's equator. Storms like this one in 1990 were known as <a href="/wiki/Great_White_Spot" title="Great White Spot">Great White Spots</a>. These unique storms only exist for a short time and only occur in about every 30 Earth years, in summer <a href="/wiki/Solstice" title="Solstice">solstice</a>s in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Great White Spots were also found in 1876, 1903, 1933, and 1960. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a> spacecraft found a <a href="/wiki/Hexagon" title="Hexagon">hexagonal</a> cloud <a href="/wiki/Pattern" title="Pattern">pattern</a> near Saturn's north pole at about <a href="/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude">78°N</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%88%92Huygens" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassini−Huygens">Cassini−Huygens</a> probe later <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/confirm" class="extiw" title="wikt:confirm">confirmed</a> it in 2006. Unlike the north pole, the south pole does not show any hexagonal clouds. The probe also found a <a href="/wiki/Hurricane" title="Hurricane">hurricane</a>-like storm on the south pole that showed an <a href="/wiki/Eye_(cyclone)" title="Eye (cyclone)">eyewall</a>. Until this finding, eyewalls had only been seen on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interior">Interior</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Interior" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Interior"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Saturn's inside is similar to Jupiter's inside. It has a small rocky core about the size of the Earth at its <a href="/wiki/Center" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Center">center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rgo_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rgo-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is very hot. Its <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a> reaches 15,000 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (26,540 °F (14,727 °C)). Saturn is so hot that it gives out more <a href="/wiki/Heat_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Heat energy">heat energy</a> into space than it gets from the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-heat_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heat-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Above it is a thicker layer of metallic hydrogen, about 30,000 km (18,641 mi) deep. Above that layer is a region of liquid hydrogen and helium.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The core is heavy, with about 9 to 22 times more mass than the Earth's core.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magnetic_field">Magnetic field</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Magnetic field" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Magnetic field"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Saturn has a natural <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_field" title="Magnetic field">magnetic field</a> that is weaker than Jupiter's. Like the Earth's, Saturn's field is a magnetic <a href="/wiki/Dipole" title="Dipole">dipole</a> (it has a North and a South). Saturn's field is unique in that it is perfectly <a href="/wiki/Symmetrical" class="mw-redirect" title="Symmetrical">symmetrical</a>, unlike any other known planet.<sup id="cite_ref-sutton_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sutton-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means the field is exactly in line with the planet's <a href="/wiki/Axis_of_rotation" title="Axis of rotation">axis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sutton_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sutton-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saturn generates <a href="/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">radio waves</a>, but they are too weak to be detected from Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The moon Titan orbits in the outer part of Saturn's magnetic field and gives out <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(physics)" title="Plasma (physics)">plasma</a> to the field from the <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ionised</a> <a href="/wiki/Particle" title="Particle">particles</a> in Titan's atmosphere.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rotation_and_orbit">Rotation and orbit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Rotation and orbit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Rotation and orbit"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Saturn's average <a href="/wiki/Distance" title="Distance">distance</a> from the Sun is over 1,400,000,000 km (886,000,000 mi). This is about nine times the distance from the Earth to the Sun. It takes 10,756 days, or about 29.4 years, for Saturn to orbit around the Sun.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is known as Saturn's <i>orbital period</i>. </p><p>Voyager 1 <a href="/wiki/Measurement" title="Measurement">measured</a> Saturn's rotation as being 10 hours, 14 minutes at the equator, 10 hours, 40 minutes closer to the poles, and 10 hours, 39 minutes, 24 seconds for the planet's inside.<sup id="cite_ref-mira2_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mira2-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is known as its <i>rotational period</i>. </p><p>Cassini measured the rotation of Saturn as being 10 hours, 45 minutes, 45 seconds ± 36 seconds.<sup id="cite_ref-SFTSRPiaP_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFTSRPiaP-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That is about six minutes longer than the radio rotational period measured by the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">spacecrafts</a>, which flew by Saturn in 1980 and 1981. </p><p>Saturn's rotational period is calculated by the rotation speed of radio waves given off by the planet. The Cassini−Huygens spacecraft found that the radio waves slowed down. This suggested that the rotational period <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/increase" class="extiw" title="wikt:increase">increased</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SFTSRPiaP_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFTSRPiaP-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since scientists do not think Saturn's rotation is actually slowing down, the explanation may be that the magnetic field causes the radio waves.<sup id="cite_ref-SFTSRPiaP_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFTSRPiaP-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Planetary_rings">Planetary rings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Planetary rings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Planetary rings"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn" title="Rings of Saturn">Rings of Saturn</a></div> <p>Saturn is best known for its <a href="/wiki/Planetary_rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Planetary rings">planetary rings</a> which are easy to see with a <a href="/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope">telescope</a>. There are seven named rings: A, B, C, D, E, F, and G.<sup id="cite_ref-cosmos_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cosmos-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were named in the order they were found, which is different to their order from the planet. From the planet the rings are ordered: D, C, B, A, F, G and E.<sup id="cite_ref-cosmos_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cosmos-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 57">: 57 </span></sup> </p><p>Some scientists think that the rings are <a href="/wiki/Material" title="Material">material</a> left after a moon broke apart.<sup id="cite_ref-cosmos_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cosmos-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 60">: 60 </span></sup> A new idea says that it was a very large moon, most of which crashed into the planet. This left a large amount of ice to form the rings and some of the moons. This includes <a href="/wiki/Enceladus_(moon)" title="Enceladus (moon)">Enceladus</a>, which is thought to be made of ice.<sup id="cite_ref-cosmos_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cosmos-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 61">: 61 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: History"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rings were first found by <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> in 1610, using his telescope. They did not look like rings to Galileo. He called them "handles". He thought that Saturn was three different planets that were right next to each other. In 1612, when the rings were facing edge on with the Earth, the rings disappeared, then reappeared again in 1613, further confusing Galileo.<sup id="cite_ref-history_of_the_rings_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_of_the_rings-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1655, <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens" title="Christiaan Huygens">Christiaan Huygens</a> was the first person to say that Saturn was surrounded by rings. Using a much more powerful telescope than Galilei's, he said that Saturn "is surrounded by a thin, flat, ring, nowhere touching...".<sup id="cite_ref-history_of_the_rings_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_of_the_rings-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1675, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Domenico_Cassini" title="Giovanni Domenico Cassini">Giovanni Domenico Cassini</a> found that the planet's rings were in fact made of smaller rings with gaps. The largest ring gap was later named the <a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn" title="Rings of Saturn">Cassini Division</a>. In 1859, <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a> showed that the rings cannot be solid, but are made of small particles, each orbiting Saturn on their own. Otherwise, it would become unstable or break apart.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/James_Keeler" class="mw-redirect" title="James Keeler">James Keeler</a> studied the rings using a <a href="/wiki/Spectrometer" title="Spectrometer">spectroscope</a> in 1895 which proved Maxwell's theory.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_features_2">Physical features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: Physical features" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Physical features"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rings range from 6,630 km (4,120 mi) to 120,700 km (75,000 mi) above the planet's equator. While the equatorial circumference of Saturn is 378,675 km (235,298 miles). As proved by Maxwell, even though the rings appear to be solid and unbroken when viewed from above, the rings are made of small particles of rock and ice. They are only about 10 m (33 ft) thick; made of <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">silica</a> rock, <a href="/wiki/Iron_oxide" title="Iron oxide">iron oxide</a> and ice particles.<sup id="cite_ref-cosmos_48-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cosmos-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 55">: 55 </span></sup> The smallest particles are only specks of dust while the largest are the size of a house. The C and D rings also seem to have a "wave" in them, like waves in water.<sup id="cite_ref-cosmos_48-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cosmos-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 58">: 58 </span></sup> These large waves are 500 m (1,640 ft) high, but only moving slowly at about 250 m (820 ft) each day.<sup id="cite_ref-cosmos_48-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cosmos-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 58">: 58 </span></sup> Some scientists believe that the wave is caused by Saturn's moons.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another idea is the waves were made by a <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comet</a> hitting Saturn in 1983 or 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-cosmos_48-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cosmos-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 60">: 60 </span></sup> </p><p>The largest gaps in the rings are the Cassini Division and the <a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn" title="Rings of Saturn">Encke Division</a>, both visible from the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>. The Cassini Division is the largest, measuring 4,800 km (2,983 mi) wide.<sup id="cite_ref-Cassini_Division_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassini_Division-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, when the Voyager spacecrafts visited Saturn in 1980, they discovered that the rings are a complex structure, made out of thousands of thin gaps and ringlets. Scientists believe this is caused by the <a href="/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity">gravitational force</a> of some of Saturn's moons. The tiny moon <a href="/wiki/Pan_(moon)" title="Pan (moon)">Pan</a> orbits inside Saturn's rings, creating a gap within the rings. Other ringlets keep their structure due to the gravitational force of <a href="/wiki/Shepherd_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Shepherd satellite">shepherd satellites</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Prometheus_(moon)" title="Prometheus (moon)">Prometheus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pandora_(moon)" title="Pandora (moon)">Pandora</a>. Other gaps form due to the gravitational force of a large moon farther away. The moon <a href="/wiki/Mimas_(moon)" title="Mimas (moon)">Mimas</a> is responsible for clearing away the Cassini gap.<sup id="cite_ref-Cassini_Division_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassini_Division-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recent data from the Cassini spacecraft has shown that the rings have their own atmosphere, free from the planet's atmosphere. The rings' atmosphere is made of oxygen gas, and it is produced when the Sun's <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a> light breaks up the water ice in the rings. <a href="/wiki/Chemical_reaction" title="Chemical reaction">Chemical reactions</a> also occur between the ultraviolet light and the water <a href="/wiki/Molecule" title="Molecule">molecules</a>, creating hydrogen gas. The oxygen and hydrogen atmospheres around the rings are very widely spaced.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well as oxygen and hydrogen gas, the rings have a thin atmosphere made of <a href="/wiki/Hydroxide" title="Hydroxide">hydroxide</a> (a combination of oxygen and hydrogen called an anion), which was discovered by the Hubble Space Telescope.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spokes">Spokes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: Spokes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Spokes"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voyager_2_-_Saturn_Rings_-_3085_7800_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The spokes in Saturn's rings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Voyager_2_-_Saturn_Rings_-_3085_7800_2.png/220px-Voyager_2_-_Saturn_Rings_-_3085_7800_2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Voyager_2_-_Saturn_Rings_-_3085_7800_2.png/330px-Voyager_2_-_Saturn_Rings_-_3085_7800_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Voyager_2_-_Saturn_Rings_-_3085_7800_2.png/440px-Voyager_2_-_Saturn_Rings_-_3085_7800_2.png 2x" data-file-width="707" data-file-height="730" /></a><figcaption>The spokes in Saturn's rings, photographed by Voyager 2</figcaption></figure> <p>The Voyager space probe discovered features shaped like <a href="/wiki/Ray" title="Ray">rays</a>, called spokes.<sup id="cite_ref-malik_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-malik-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were also seen later by the Hubble telescope. The Cassini probe <a href="/wiki/Photograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Photograph">photographed</a> the spokes in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-malik_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-malik-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They appear dark when lit by sunlight, and appear light against the unlit side of the planet. At first it was thought the spokes were made of microscopic dust particles, but new evidence shows that they are made of ice.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They rotate at the same rate as the planet's <a href="/wiki/Magnetosphere" title="Magnetosphere">magnetosphere</a>, therefore, it is believed that they have a connection with <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetism" title="Electromagnetism">electromagnetism</a>. However, what causes the spokes to form is still unknown. They appear to be <a href="/wiki/Season" title="Season">seasonal</a>, disappearing during <a href="/wiki/Solstice" title="Solstice">solstice</a> and appearing again during <a href="/wiki/Equinox" title="Equinox">equinox</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Moons">Moons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: Moons" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Moons"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Saturn has a total of 146 moons; <a href="/wiki/List_of_Saturn%27s_moons" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Saturn's moons">53 are named moons</a>, and another 29 are still being studied.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the moons are very small: 33 are less than 10 km (6 mi) in diameter and 13 moons are less than 50 km (31 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seven moons are large enough to be a near perfect <a href="/wiki/Sphere" title="Sphere">sphere</a> caused by their own <a href="/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity">gravity</a>. These moons are <a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Titan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhea_(moon)" title="Rhea (moon)">Rhea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iapetus_(moon)" title="Iapetus (moon)">Iapetus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dione_(moon)" title="Dione (moon)">Dione</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tethys_(moon)" title="Tethys (moon)">Tethys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enceladus_(moon)" title="Enceladus (moon)">Enceladus</a> and Mimas.<sup id="cite_ref-SpaceStottCarole_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpaceStottCarole-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Titan is the largest moon, larger than the planet Mercury, and it is the only moon in the Solar System to have a thick, dense atmosphere.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zubrin_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zubrin-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(moon)" title="Hyperion (moon)">Hyperion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(moon)" title="Phoebe (moon)">Phoebe</a> are the next largest moons, larger than 200 km (124 mi) in diameter. </p><p>Between December 2004 and January 2005 a man-made satellite called the Cassini−Huygens probe took lots of close photos of Titan. One part of this satellite, known as the Huygens probe, landed on Titan, on land. Named after the Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens, it was the first spacecraft to land in the outer Solar System.<sup id="cite_ref-hug_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hug-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The probe was designed to float in case it landed in liquid.<sup id="cite_ref-hug_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hug-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its batteries lasted about 3 hours. Enceladus, the sixth largest moon, is about 500 km (311 mi) in diameter. It is one of the few outer solar system objects that shows <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcanic</a> activity.<sup id="cite_ref-lloyd_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lloyd-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, scientists discovered an electric link between Saturn and Enceladus. This is caused by <a href="/wiki/Ionization" title="Ionization">ionised</a> particles from volcanos on the small moon interacting with Saturn's magnetic fields.<sup id="cite_ref-lloyd_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lloyd-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar interactions cause the <a href="/wiki/Aurora" title="Aurora">northern lights</a> on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exploration">Exploration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Change section: Exploration" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Exploration"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn_from_Cassini_Orbiter_(2007-01-19).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Saturn from Cassini orbiter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Saturn_from_Cassini_Orbiter_%282007-01-19%29.jpg/220px-Saturn_from_Cassini_Orbiter_%282007-01-19%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Saturn_from_Cassini_Orbiter_%282007-01-19%29.jpg/330px-Saturn_from_Cassini_Orbiter_%282007-01-19%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Saturn_from_Cassini_Orbiter_%282007-01-19%29.jpg/440px-Saturn_from_Cassini_Orbiter_%282007-01-19%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4088" data-file-height="2908" /></a><figcaption>Saturn as seen from the Cassini spacecraft in 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>Saturn was first explored by the <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">Pioneer 11</a> spacecraft in September 1979. It flew as close as 20,000 km (12,427 mi) above the planet's cloud tops. It took photographs of the planet and a few of its moons, but were low in <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/resolution" class="extiw" title="wikt:resolution">resolution</a>. It discovered a new, thin ring called the F ring. It also discovered that the dark ring gaps appear bright when viewed towards the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>, which shows the gaps are not empty. The spacecraft measured the temperature of the moon Titan.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1980, Voyager 1 visited Saturn and took higher resolution photographs of the planet, rings, and moons. These photos showed some of the surface features of the moons. Voyager 1 went close to Titan and gained much information about its atmosphere. In August 1981, <a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a> continued to study the planet. Photos taken by the space probe showed that changes were happening to the rings and atmosphere. The Voyager spacecraft discovered a number of moons orbiting close to Saturn's rings, as well as discovering new ring gaps. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cassini_Saturn_Orbit_Insertion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Cassini_Saturn_Orbit_Insertion.jpg/220px-Cassini_Saturn_Orbit_Insertion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Cassini_Saturn_Orbit_Insertion.jpg/330px-Cassini_Saturn_Orbit_Insertion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Cassini_Saturn_Orbit_Insertion.jpg/440px-Cassini_Saturn_Orbit_Insertion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="14400" data-file-height="9600" /></a><figcaption>Drawing of Cassini in orbit around Saturn</figcaption></figure> <p>On July 1, 2004, the Cassini−Huygens probe entered into orbit around Saturn. Before then, it flew close to <a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(moon)" title="Phoebe (moon)">Phoebe</a>, taking very high-resolution photos of its surface and collecting data. On December 25, 2004, the Huygens probe separated from the Cassini probe before moving towards Titan's surface and landed on January 14, 2005. It landed on a dry surface, but it found that large bodies of liquid exist on the moon. The Cassini probe continued to collect data from Titan and a number of the icy moons. It found evidence that the moon Enceladus had water erupting from its <a href="/wiki/Geyser" title="Geyser">geysers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cassini also proved, in July 2006, that Titan had <a href="/wiki/Lakes_of_Titan" title="Lakes of Titan">hydrocarbon lakes</a>, located near its north pole. In March 2007, it discovered a large hydrocarbon lake the size of the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> near its north pole.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cassini observed <a href="/wiki/Lightning" title="Lightning">lightning</a> occurring in Saturn since early 2005. The power of the lightning was measured to be 1,000 times more powerful than lightning on Earth. Astronomers believe that the lightning observed in Saturn is the strongest ever seen.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Change section: Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Notes"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1bara"><a href="#ref_1bara"><b><sup>a</sup></b></a></span> Refers to the level of one bar <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">atmospheric pressure</a></li> <li><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_B_Centerb"><a href="#ref_B_Centerb"><b><sup>b</sup></b></a></span> Orbital information is based on the <a href="/wiki/Barycentre" class="mw-redirect" title="Barycentre">barycentre</a> of the Saturn system, the centre of <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a>, not the <a href="/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry">geometric centre</a>. Barycentre measurements are used because they are not changed by the daily movement of the moons.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_planets" title="List of planets">List of planets</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724317"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-walter2003-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-walter2003_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWalter2003" class="citation book cs1">Walter, Elizabeth (21 April 2003). <i>Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary</i> (Second ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-53106-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-53106-1"><bdi>978-0-521-53106-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambridge+Advanced+Learner%27s+Dictionary&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003-04-21&rft.isbn=978-0-521-53106-1&rft.aulast=Walter&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="Reference-OED-Saturnian">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oed.com/cgi/findword?query_type=word&find=Find+word&queryword=Saturnian">Saturnian</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 2nd ed. 1989.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161222125722/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/downloads/Small_RPS_Report.pdf">"Enabling Exploration with Small Radioisotope Power Systems"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. September 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/downloads/Small_RPS_Report.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Enabling+Exploration+with+Small+Radioisotope+Power+Systems&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2004-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fmultimedia%2Fdownloads%2FSmall_RPS_Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMüller2010" class="citation journal cs1">Müller; et al. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2009ja015122">"Azimuthal plasma flow in the Kronian magnetosphere"</a>. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research</i>. <b>115</b> (A8): A08203. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JGRA..115.8203M">2010JGRA..115.8203M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2009ja015122">10.1029/2009ja015122</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0148-0227">0148-0227</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Azimuthal+plasma+flow+in+the+Kronian+magnetosphere&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=A8&rft.pages=A08203&rft.date=2010&rft.issn=0148-0227&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F2009ja015122&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010JGRA..115.8203M&rft.au=M%C3%BCller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1029%252F2009ja015122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="Reference-OED-Cronian">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oed.com/cgi/findword?query_type=word&find=Find+word&queryword=Cronian">Cronian</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 2nd ed. 1989.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CSeligman-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CSeligman_6-0">6.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CSeligman_6-1">6.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSeligman" class="citation web cs1">Seligman, Courtney. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cseligman.com/text/sky/rotationvsday.htm">"Rotation Period and Day Length"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728200555/http://cseligman.com/text/sky/rotationvsday.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rotation+Period+and+Day+Length&rft.aulast=Seligman&rft.aufirst=Courtney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcseligman.com%2Ftext%2Fsky%2Frotationvsday.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VSOP87-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-VSOP87_7-0">7.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-VSOP87_7-1">7.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-VSOP87_7-2">7.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-VSOP87_7-3">7.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSimonBretagnonChaprontChapront-Touzé1994" class="citation journal cs1">Simon, J.L.; Bretagnon, P.; Chapront, J.; Chapront-Touzé, M.; Francou, G.; Laskar, J. (February 1994). "Numerical expressions for precession formulae and mean elements for the Moon and planets". <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. <b>282</b> (2): 663–683. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994A&A...282..663S">1994A&A...282..663S</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.atitle=Numerical+expressions+for+precession+formulae+and+mean+elements+for+the+Moon+and+planets&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=663-683&rft.date=1994-02&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1994A%26A...282..663S&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=J.L.&rft.au=Bretagnon%2C+P.&rft.au=Chapront%2C+J.&rft.au=Chapront-Touz%C3%A9%2C+M.&rft.au=Francou%2C+G.&rft.au=Laskar%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Souami_Souchay_2012-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Souami_Souchay_2012_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSouamiSouchay2012" class="citation journal cs1">Souami, D.; Souchay, J. (July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201219011">"The solar system's invariable plane"</a>. <i>Astronomy & Astrophysics</i>. <b>543</b>: 11. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012A&A...543A.133S">2012A&A...543A.133S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201219011">10.1051/0004-6361/201219011</a></span>. A133.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+%26+Astrophysics&rft.atitle=The+solar+system%27s+invariable+plane&rft.volume=543&rft.pages=11&rft.date=2012-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201219011&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012A%26A...543A.133S&rft.aulast=Souami&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Souchay%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1051%252F0004-6361%252F201219011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=mb&sstr=699">"HORIZONS Web-Interface"</a>. <i>ssd.jpl.nasa.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ssd.jpl.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=HORIZONS+Web-Interface&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fhorizons.cgi%3Ffind_body%3D1%26body_group%3Dmb%26sstr%3D699&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fact-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fact_10-0">10.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fact_10-1">10.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fact_10-2">10.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fact_10-3">10.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2016" class="citation web cs1">Williams, David R. (23 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170717071200/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/saturnfact.html">"Saturn Fact Sheet"</a>. NASA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/saturnfact.html">the original</a> on 17 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saturn+Fact+Sheet&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2016-12-23&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fplanetary%2Ffactsheet%2Fsaturnfact.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/saturn/by-the-numbers/">"By the Numbers – Saturn"</a>. <i>NASA Solar System Exploration</i>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+Solar+System+Exploration&rft.atitle=By+the+Numbers+%E2%80%93+Saturn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fplanets%2Fsaturn%2Fby-the-numbers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nasafact-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nasafact_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110902084432/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Saturn&Display=Facts">"NASA: Solar System Exploration: Planets: Saturn: Facts & Figures"</a>. Solarsystem.nasa.gov. 22 March 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Saturn&Display=Facts">the original</a> on 2 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA%3A+Solar+System+Exploration%3A+Planets%3A+Saturn%3A+Facts+%26+Figures&rft.pub=Solarsystem.nasa.gov&rft.date=2011-03-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fplanets%2Fprofile.cfm%3FObject%3DSaturn%26Display%3DFacts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fortney2018-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Fortney2018_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFFortneyHelledNettlemannStevenson2018" class="citation book cs1">Fortney, J.J.; Helled, R.; Nettlemann, N.; Stevenson, D.J.; Marley, M.S.; Hubbard, W.B.; Iess, L. (6 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p358DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA51">"The Interior of Saturn"</a>. In Baines, K.H.; Flasar, F.M.; Krupp, N.; Stallard, T. (eds.). <i>Saturn in the 21st Century</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 44–68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-68393-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-68393-7"><bdi>978-1-108-68393-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Interior+of+Saturn&rft.btitle=Saturn+in+the+21st+Century&rft.pages=44-68&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2018-12-06&rft.isbn=978-1-108-68393-7&rft.aulast=Fortney&rft.aufirst=J.J.&rft.au=Helled%2C+R.&rft.au=Nettlemann%2C+N.&rft.au=Stevenson%2C+D.J.&rft.au=Marley%2C+M.S.&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+W.B.&rft.au=Iess%2C+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp358DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASA-20190118-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NASA-20190118_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMcCartneyWendel2019" class="citation news cs1">McCartney, Gretchen; Wendel, JoAnna (18 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190829054935/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=731">"Scientists Finally Know What Time It Is on Saturn"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=731">the original</a> on 29 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Scientists+Finally+Know+What+Time+It+Is+on+Saturn&rft.date=2019-01-18&rft.aulast=McCartney&rft.aufirst=Gretchen&rft.au=Wendel%2C+JoAnna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fnews%2Fnews.php%3Ffeature%3D731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-APJ-20190117-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-APJ-20190117_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMankovich,_Christopher2019" class="citation journal cs1">Mankovich, Christopher; et al. (17 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Faaf798">"Cassini Ring Seismology as a Probe of Saturn's Interior. I. Rigid Rotation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Astrophysical_Journal" title="The Astrophysical Journal">The Astrophysical Journal</a></i>. <b>871</b> (1): 1. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.10286">1805.10286</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019ApJ...871....1M">2019ApJ...871....1M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Faaf798">10.3847/1538-4357/aaf798</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:67840660">67840660</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=Cassini+Ring+Seismology+as+a+Probe+of+Saturn%27s+Interior.+I.+Rigid+Rotation&rft.volume=871&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2019-01-17&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1805.10286&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A67840660%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Faaf798&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019ApJ...871....1M&rft.au=Mankovich%2C+Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3847%252F1538-4357%252Faaf798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hanel_et_al-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hanel_et_al_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHanel1983" class="citation journal cs1">Hanel, R.A.; et al. (1983). "Albedo, internal heat flux, and energy balance of Saturn". <i>Icarus</i>. <b>53</b> (2): 262–285. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983Icar...53..262H">1983Icar...53..262H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0019-1035%2883%2990147-1">10.1016/0019-1035(83)90147-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.atitle=Albedo%2C+internal+heat+flux%2C+and+energy+balance+of+Saturn&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=262-285&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0019-1035%2883%2990147-1&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1983Icar...53..262H&rft.aulast=Hanel&rft.aufirst=R.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mallama_et_al-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mallama_et_al_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMallamaKrobusekPavlov2017" class="citation journal cs1">Mallama, Anthony; Krobusek, Bruce; Pavlov, Hristo (2017). "Comprehensive wide-band magnitudes and albedos for the planets, with applications to exo-planets and Planet Nine". <i>Icarus</i>. <b>282</b>: 19–33. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.05048">1609.05048</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Icar..282...19M">2017Icar..282...19M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.icarus.2016.09.023">10.1016/j.icarus.2016.09.023</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119307693">119307693</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.atitle=Comprehensive+wide-band+magnitudes+and+albedos+for+the+planets%2C+with+applications+to+exo-planets+and+Planet+Nine&rft.volume=282&rft.pages=19-33&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1609.05048&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A119307693%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.icarus.2016.09.023&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017Icar..282...19M&rft.aulast=Mallama&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.au=Krobusek%2C+Bruce&rft.au=Pavlov%2C+Hristo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_20-0">18.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_20-1">18.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMallama,_A.Hilton,_J.L.2018" class="citation journal cs1">Mallama, A.; Hilton, J.L. (2018). "Computing Apparent Planetary Magnitudes for The Astronomical Almanac". <i>Astronomy and Computing</i>. <b>25</b>: 10–24. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.01973">1808.01973</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018A&C....25...10M">2018A&C....25...10M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ascom.2018.08.002">10.1016/j.ascom.2018.08.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:69912809">69912809</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+and+Computing&rft.atitle=Computing+Apparent+Planetary+Magnitudes+for+The+Astronomical+Almanac&rft.volume=25&rft.pages=10-24&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1808.01973&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A69912809%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ascom.2018.08.002&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018A%26C....25...10M&rft.au=Mallama%2C+A.&rft.au=Hilton%2C+J.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-min_max-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-min_max_21-0">19.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-min_max_21-1">19.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sciencing.com/saturns-temperature-ranges-7704.html">"Saturn's Temperature Ranges"</a>. <i>Sciencing</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sciencing&rft.atitle=Saturn%27s+Temperature+Ranges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsciencing.com%2Fsaturns-temperature-ranges-7704.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/fsd/saturn">"The Planet Saturn"</a>. <i>National Weather Service</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Weather+Service&rft.atitle=The+Planet+Saturn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov%2Ffsd%2Fsaturn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFKnecht2005" class="citation web cs1">Knecht, Robin (24 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014234631/http://www.tp.umu.se/space/Proj_05/Robin.K.pdf">"On The Atmospheres Of Different Planets"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tp.umu.se/space/Proj_05/Robin.K.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+The+Atmospheres+Of+Different+Planets&rft.date=2005-10-24&rft.aulast=Knecht&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tp.umu.se%2Fspace%2FProj_05%2FRobin.K.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/saturn/facts/">"Saturn: Facts - NASA Science"</a>. <i>science.nasa.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=science.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Saturn%3A+Facts+-+NASA+Science&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fsaturn%2Ffacts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/saturn/facts/">"Saturn: Facts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 11,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Holidays%2C+Festivals%2C+and+Celebrations+of+the+World+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Cronia+%28Kronia%29&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.credoreference.com%2Fentry%2Fhfcwd%2Fcronia_kronia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFCrystal" class="citation web cs1">Crystal, Ellie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crystalinks.com/saturnmyth.html">"Saturn Mythology"</a>. <i>Crystalinks.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Crystalinks.com&rft.atitle=Saturn+Mythology&rft.aulast=Crystal&rft.aufirst=Ellie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crystalinks.com%2Fsaturnmyth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Composition_ref-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Composition_ref_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBrainerd,_Jerome_James_2004" class="citation web cs1">Brainerd, Jerome James 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/planets/GiantGaseousPlanets.html">"Giant gaseous planets"</a>. The Astrophysics Spectator<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Giant+gaseous+planets&rft.pub=The+Astrophysics+Spectator&rft.au=Brainerd%2C+Jerome+James+2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astrophysicsspectator.com%2Ftopics%2Fplanets%2FGiantGaseousPlanets.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_discovery">"Planetary Satellite Discovery Circumstances"</a>. NASA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Planetary+Satellite+Discovery+Circumstances&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2F%3Fsat_discovery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/saturn/facts/">"Saturn: Facts - NASA Science"</a>. <i>science.nasa.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=science.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Saturn%3A+Facts+-+NASA+Science&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fsaturn%2Ffacts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rgo-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rgo_31-0">29.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rgo_31-1">29.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220216154134/http://www.oarval.org/section3_11.htm">"Saturn"</a>. <i>Information Leaflet No. 42</i>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Observatory,_Greenwich" title="Royal Observatory, Greenwich">Royal Greenwich Observatory</a>. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oarval.org/section3_11.htm">the original</a> on February 16, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Information+Leaflet+No.+42&rft.atitle=Saturn&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oarval.org%2Fsection3_11.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/cassini-arrival.pdf">"Cassini–Huygens Saturn arrival"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Press kit June 2004</i>. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. p. 9<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+kit+June+2004&rft.atitle=Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens+Saturn+arrival&rft.pages=9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fnews%2Fpress_kits%2Fcassini-arrival.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFVerba1991" class="citation book cs1">Verba, Joan Marie (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/voyagerexploring00verb"><i>Voyager: Exploring the outer planets</i></a>. FTL Publications. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/voyagerexploring00verb/page/20">20</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9825232-0-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-9825232-0-3"><bdi>0-9825232-0-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voyager%3A+Exploring+the+outer+planets&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=FTL+Publications&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-9825232-0-3&rft.aulast=Verba&rft.aufirst=Joan+Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvoyagerexploring00verb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mira-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mira_34-0">32.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mira_34-1">32.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mira_34-2">32.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mira_34-3">32.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mira.org/fts0/planets/100/text/txt002x.htm">"Saturn"</a>. <i>MIRA: field trips to the stars: the Solar System</i>. Monterey Institute of Research in Astronomy. 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MIRA%3A+field+trips+to+the+stars%3A+the+Solar+System&rft.atitle=Saturn&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mira.org%2Ffts0%2Fplanets%2F100%2Ftext%2Ftxt002x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-heat-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-heat_35-0">33.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-heat_35-1">33.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110304152513/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/whycassini/planet.html">"A gas giant with super-fast winds"</a>. <i>Cassini: unlocking Saturn's secrets</i>. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/whycassini/planet.html">the original</a> on March 4, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cassini%3A+unlocking+Saturn%27s+secrets&rft.atitle=A+gas+giant+with+super-fast+winds&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fcassini%2Fwhycassini%2Fplanet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2009" class="citation book cs1">Wilkinson, John (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hXmZP40vFksC"><i>Probing the new solar system</i></a>. CSIRO Publishing. p. 208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-643-09575-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-643-09575-5"><bdi>978-0-643-09575-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Probing+the+new+solar+system&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=CSIRO+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-643-09575-5&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhXmZP40vFksC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSullivant" class="citation web cs1">Sullivant, Rosemary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606043226/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/whycassini/cassini_storms_on_saturn.html">"Saturn's storms run rings around Earth's"</a>. <i>Cassini: unlocking Saturn's secrets</i>. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/whycassini/cassini_storms_on_saturn.html">the original</a> on June 6, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cassini%3A+unlocking+Saturn%27s+secrets&rft.atitle=Saturn%27s+storms+run+rings+around+Earth%27s&rft.aulast=Sullivant&rft.aufirst=Rosemary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fcassini%2Fwhycassini%2Fcassini_storms_on_saturn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFS._Pérez-Hoyos,_A._Sánchez-Lavega,_R.G._French,_J.F._Rojas.2005" class="citation journal cs1">S. Pérez-Hoyos, A. Sánchez-Lavega, R.G. French, J.F. Rojas. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103505000308">"Saturn's cloud structure and temporal evolution from ten years of Hubble Space Telescope images (1994–2003)"</a>. <i>Icarus</i>. <b>176</b> (1): 155–174. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Icar..176..155P">2005Icar..176..155P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.icarus.2005.01.014">10.1016/j.icarus.2005.01.014</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.atitle=Saturn%27s+cloud+structure+and+temporal+evolution+from+ten+years+of+Hubble+Space+Telescope+images+%281994%E2%80%932003%29&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=155-174&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.icarus.2005.01.014&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005Icar..176..155P&rft.au=S.+P%C3%A9rez-Hoyos%2C+A.+S%C3%A1nchez-Lavega%2C+R.G.+French%2C+J.F.+Rojas.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0019103505000308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMcKee2006" class="citation web cs1">McKee, Maggie (2006-11-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn10499">"Spectacular storm rages on Saturn's south pole"</a>. <i>New Scientist Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist+Magazine&rft.atitle=Spectacular+storm+rages+on+Saturn%27s+south+pole&rft.date=2006-11-06&rft.aulast=McKee&rft.aufirst=Maggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fdn10499&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613050453/http://www.nmm.ac.uk/explore/astronomy-and-time/astronomy-facts/solar-system/saturn">"Saturn"</a>. <i>Solar System</i>. National Maritime Museum. 2005-10-04. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/explore/astronomy-and-time/astronomy-facts/solar-system/saturn">the original</a> on June 13, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Solar+System&rft.atitle=Saturn&rft.date=2005-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nmm.ac.uk%2Fexplore%2Fastronomy-and-time%2Fastronomy-facts%2Fsolar-system%2Fsaturn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFFortney2004" class="citation web cs1">Fortney, Jonathon J. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/305/5689/1414">"Looking into the giant planets"</a>. <i>Science 305 (5689): 1414–1415</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+305+%285689%29%3A+1414%E2%80%931415&rft.atitle=Looking+into+the+giant+planets&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Fortney&rft.aufirst=Jonathon+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F305%2F5689%2F1414&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sutton-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sutton_42-0">40.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sutton_42-1">40.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSutton1981" class="citation web cs1">Sutton, Christine (1981-08-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oqqoUMj9-pUC&dq=Saturn+symmetrical+axis&pg=PA509">"Saturn yields to Voyager's brief caress"</a>. <i>New Scientist Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist+Magazine&rft.atitle=Saturn+yields+to+Voyager%27s+brief+caress&rft.date=1981-08-27&rft.aulast=Sutton&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoqqoUMj9-pUC%26dq%3DSaturn%2Bsymmetrical%2Baxis%26pg%3DPA509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since November 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="Smith" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, A. G.; Carr, T. D. (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_1959-09_130_2/page/641">"Radio-Frequency Observations of the Planets in 1957–1958"</a>. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. <b>130</b>: 641–647. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1959ApJ...130..641S">1959ApJ...130..641S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F146753">10.1086/146753</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=Radio-Frequency+Observations+of+the+Planets+in+1957%E2%80%931958&rft.volume=130&rft.pages=641-647&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F146753&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1959ApJ...130..641S&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=A.+G.&rft.au=Carr%2C+T.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_astrophysical-journal_1959-09_130_2%2Fpage%2F641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFRussell_C.T.;_Luhmann_J.G.1997" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Russell C.T.; Luhmann J.G. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/62DA9rN1s?url=http://www-ssc.igpp.ucla.edu/personnel/russell/papers/sat_mag.html">"Saturn: magnetic field and magnetosphere"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Planetary Sciences</i>. New York: Chapman and Hall. pp. 718–719. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-ssc.igpp.ucla.edu/personnel/russell/papers/sat_mag.html">the original</a> on October 5, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Saturn%3A+magnetic+field+and+magnetosphere&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Planetary+Sciences&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=718-719&rft.pub=Chapman+and+Hall&rft.date=1997&rft.au=Russell+C.T.%3B+Luhmann+J.G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-ssc.igpp.ucla.edu%2Fpersonnel%2Frussell%2Fpapers%2Fsat_mag.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/saturn/facts/">"Saturn: Facts - NASA Science"</a>. <i>science.nasa.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=science.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Saturn%3A+Facts+-+NASA+Science&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fsaturn%2Ffacts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mira2-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-mira2_46-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mira.org/fts0/planets/100/text/txt001x.htm#orbital">"Saturn: orbital and rotational information"</a>. <i>MIRA: field trips to the stars: the Solar System</i>. Monterey Institute for Research in Astronomy. 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MIRA%3A+field+trips+to+the+stars%3A+the+Solar+System&rft.atitle=Saturn%3A+orbital+and+rotational+information&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mira.org%2Ffts0%2Fplanets%2F100%2Ftext%2Ftxt001x.htm%23orbital&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFTSRPiaP-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SFTSRPiaP_47-0">45.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SFTSRPiaP_47-1">45.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SFTSRPiaP_47-2">45.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMartinez2004" class="citation web cs1">Martinez, Carolina (2004-06-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110829082445/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/media/cassini-062804.html">"Scientists find that Saturn's rotation period is a puzzle"</a>. <i>Cassini: unlocking Saturn's secrets</i>. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/media/cassini-062804.html">the original</a> on 2011-08-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cassini%3A+unlocking+Saturn%27s+secrets&rft.atitle=Scientists+find+that+Saturn%27s+rotation+period+is+a+puzzle&rft.date=2004-06-28&rft.aulast=Martinez&rft.aufirst=Carolina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fcassini%2Fmedia%2Fcassini-062804.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cosmos-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cosmos_48-0">46.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cosmos_48-1">46.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cosmos_48-2">46.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cosmos_48-3">46.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cosmos_48-4">46.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cosmos_48-5">46.5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cosmos_48-6">46.6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cosmos_48-7">46.7</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFLovett2011" class="citation journal cs1">Lovett, Rick (June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/">"Dance of the rings"</a>. <i>Cosmos</i> (39): 57<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cosmos&rft.atitle=Dance+of+the+rings&rft.issue=39&rft.pages=57&rft.date=2011-06&rft.aulast=Lovett&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cosmosmagazine.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history_of_the_rings-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-history_of_the_rings_49-0">47.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-history_of_the_rings_49-1">47.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBaalke2005" class="citation web cs1">Baalke, Ron (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090321071339/http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/saturn/back.html">"Historical background of Saturn's rings"</a>. <i>www2.jpl.nasa.gov</i>. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/saturn/back.html">the original</a> on March 21, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www2.jpl.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Historical+background+of+Saturn%27s+rings&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Baalke&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fsaturn%2Fback.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMaxwell1859" class="citation web cs1">Maxwell, James Clerk (1859). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Extras/Maxwell_Saturn.html">"James Clerk Maxwell on the nature of Saturn's rings"</a>. <i>www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk&rft.atitle=James+Clerk+Maxwell+on+the+nature+of+Saturn%27s+rings&rft.date=1859&rft.aulast=Maxwell&rft.aufirst=James+Clerk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk%2F~history%2FExtras%2FMaxwell_Saturn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBrashear,_Ronald1999" class="citation web cs1">Brashear, Ronald (May 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/HST/Huygens/huygens-introduction.htm">"Christiaan Huygens and his Systema Saturnium"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a> Libraries<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christiaan+Huygens+and+his+Systema+Saturnium&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution+Libraries&rft.date=1999-05&rft.au=Brashear%2C+Ronald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sil.si.edu%2FDigitalCollections%2FHST%2FHuygens%2Fhuygens-introduction.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Saturn&Display=Rings">"Saturn: Rings"</a>. <i>Solar System exploration</i>. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2011-03-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Solar+System+exploration&rft.atitle=Saturn%3A+Rings&rft.date=2011-03-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fplanets%2Fprofile.cfm%3FObject%3DSaturn%26Display%3DRings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cassini_Division-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cassini_Division_53-0">51.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cassini_Division_53-1">51.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/solar_system_level2/cassini_division.html">"StarChild: Saturn's Cassini Division"</a>. <i>The Solar System</i>. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Solar+System&rft.atitle=StarChild%3A+Saturn%27s+Cassini+Division&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstarchild.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fdocs%2FStarChild%2Fsolar_system_level2%2Fcassini_division.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFRincon2005" class="citation news cs1">Rincon, Paul (July 1, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4640641.stm">"Saturn rings have own atmosphere"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. London: <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Saturn+rings+have+own+atmosphere&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.aulast=Rincon&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F4640641.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2006" class="citation journal cs1">Johnson, R.E. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=2006ApJ...644L.137J&db_key=AST&data_type=HTML&format=&high=42bf06f4d906731%20The%20Enceladus%20and%20OH%20Tori%20at%20Saturn">"The Enceladus and OH Tori at Saturn"</a>. <i>SAO/NASA ADS Astronomy Abstract Service</i>. <b>644</b> (2): L137–L139. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ApJ...644L.137J">2006ApJ...644L.137J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F505750">10.1086/505750</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37698445">37698445</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SAO%2FNASA+ADS+Astronomy+Abstract+Service&rft.atitle=The+Enceladus+and+OH+Tori+at+Saturn&rft.volume=644&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=L137-L139&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A37698445%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F505750&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006ApJ...644L.137J&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=R.E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fnph-bib_query%3Fbibcode%3D2006ApJ...644L.137J%26amp%3Bdb_key%3DAST%26amp%3Bdata_type%3DHTML%26amp%3Bformat%3D%26amp%3Bhigh%3D42bf06f4d906731%2520The%2520Enceladus%2520and%2520OH%2520Tori%2520at%2520Saturn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-malik-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-malik_56-0">54.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-malik_56-1">54.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMalik2005" class="citation web cs1">Malik, Tariq (2005-09-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/1554-cassini-probe-spies-spokes-saturn-rings.html">"Cassini Probe spies spokes in Saturn's rings"</a>. <i>space.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=space.com&rft.atitle=Cassini+Probe+spies+spokes+in+Saturn%27s+rings&rft.date=2005-09-15&rft.aulast=Malik&rft.aufirst=Tariq&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F1554-cassini-probe-spies-spokes-saturn-rings.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101224112125/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/media/cassini-070204.html">"Cassini exposes puzzles about ingredients in Saturn's rings"</a>. <i>Cassini: unlocking Saturn's secrets</i>. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2009-06-02. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/media/cassini-070204.html">the original</a> on 2010-12-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cassini%3A+unlocking+Saturn%27s+secrets&rft.atitle=Cassini+exposes+puzzles+about+ingredients+in+Saturn%27s+rings&rft.date=2009-06-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fcassini%2Fmedia%2Fcassini-070204.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap090602.html">"Spoke's reappear on Saturn's rings"</a>. <i>Astronomy Picture Of The Day</i>. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2009-06-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+Picture+Of+The+Day&rft.atitle=Spoke%27s+reappear+on+Saturn%27s+rings&rft.date=2009-06-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapod.nasa.gov%2Fapod%2Fap090602.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110316014904/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Saturn&Display=Moons">"Saturn: Moons"</a>. <i>Solar System exploration: planets</i>. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Saturn&Display=Moons">the original</a> on March 16, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Solar+System+exploration%3A+planets&rft.atitle=Saturn%3A+Moons&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fplanets%2Fprofile.cfm%3FObject%3DSaturn%26Display%3DMoons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/science/moons/">"About Saturn and its moons"</a>. <i>Cassini Solstice Mission</i>. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cassini+Solstice+Mission&rft.atitle=About+Saturn+and+its+moons&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsaturn.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fscience%2Fmoons%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SpaceStottCarole-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SpaceStottCarole_61-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFStottRobert_Dinwiddle,_David_Hughes_and_Giles_Sparrow2010" class="citation book cs1">Stott, Carole; Robert Dinwiddle, David Hughes and Giles Sparrow (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PA0Zj07An30C"><i>Space</i></a>. DK Books. p. 161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7566-6738-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7566-6738-2"><bdi>978-0-7566-6738-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Space&rft.pages=161&rft.pub=DK+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7566-6738-2&rft.aulast=Stott&rft.aufirst=Carole&rft.au=Robert+Dinwiddle%2C+David+Hughes+and+Giles+Sparrow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPA0Zj07An30C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMcKay2005" class="citation web cs1">McKay, Chris (2005-10-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astrobio.net/index.php?option=com_retrospection&task=detail&id=1755">"Titan: a moon with atmosphere"</a>. <i>Astrobiology Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Astrobiology+Magazine&rft.atitle=Titan%3A+a+moon+with+atmosphere&rft.date=2005-10-27&rft.aulast=McKay&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astrobio.net%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_retrospection%26task%3Ddetail%26id%3D1755&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zubrin-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Zubrin_63-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFZubrin,_Robert1999" class="citation book cs1">Zubrin, Robert (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/enteringspacecre0000zubr"><i>Entering space: creating a spacefaring civilization</i></a>. Section: Titan: Tarcher/Putnam. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/enteringspacecre0000zubr/page/163">163</a>–166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58542-036-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58542-036-0"><bdi>978-1-58542-036-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Entering+space%3A+creating+a+spacefaring+civilization&rft.place=Section%3A+Titan&rft.pages=163-166&rft.pub=Tarcher%2FPutnam&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-58542-036-0&rft.au=Zubrin%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenteringspacecre0000zubr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hug-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-hug_64-0">62.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-hug_64-1">62.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110808211722/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Target&Target=Saturn&MCode=Huygens">"Huygens"</a>. <i>Solar System exploration</i>. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Target&Target=Saturn&MCode=Huygens">the original</a> on August 8, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Solar+System+exploration&rft.atitle=Huygens&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fprofile.cfm%3FSort%3DTarget%26Target%3DSaturn%26MCode%3DHuygens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lloyd-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lloyd_65-0">63.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lloyd_65-1">63.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFLloyd2011" class="citation web cs1">Lloyd, James (2011-04-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110704210340/http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/news/4251/footprint-detected-one-saturns-moons">"Footprint detected from one of Saturn's moons"</a>. <i>cosmosmagazine.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/news/4251/footprint-detected-one-saturns-moons">the original</a> on July 4, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cosmosmagazine.com&rft.atitle=Footprint+detected+from+one+of+Saturn%27s+moons&rft.date=2011-04-21&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cosmosmagazine.com%2Fnews%2F4251%2Ffootprint-detected-one-saturns-moons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-13131537">"Aurora from Saturn moon 'circuit'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. BBC. 2011-04-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Aurora+from+Saturn+moon+%27circuit%27&rft.date=2011-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-13131537&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060130100401/http://spaceprojects.arc.nasa.gov/Space_Projects/pioneer/PN10%2611.html">"The Pioneer 10 & 11 Spacecraft"</a>. Ames Research Center, NASA. October 8, 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spaceprojects.arc.nasa.gov/Space_Projects/pioneer/PN10&11.html">the original</a> on January 30, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Pioneer+10+%26+11+Spacecraft&rft.pub=Ames+Research+Center%2C+NASA&rft.date=2005-10-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspaceprojects.arc.nasa.gov%2FSpace_Projects%2Fpioneer%2FPN10%2611.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span> Mission Descriptions. Retrieved July 5, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110623093434/http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2006/09mar_enceladus/">"Radical! Liquid water on Enceladus"</a>. <i>Science News</i>. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2006-03-09. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2006/09mar_enceladus/">the original</a> on 2011-06-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+News&rft.atitle=Radical%21+Liquid+water+on+Enceladus&rft.date=2006-03-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fscience-news%2Fscience-at-nasa%2F2006%2F09mar_enceladus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFRincon2007" class="citation news cs1">Rincon, Paul (March 14, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6449081.stm">"Probe reveals seas on Saturn moon"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. London: BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Probe+reveals+seas+on+Saturn+moon&rft.date=2007-03-14&rft.aulast=Rincon&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F6449081.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/02/060215090726.htm">"Astronomers find giant lightning storm at Saturn"</a>. <i>sciencedaily.com</i>. 2006-02-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sciencedaily.com&rft.atitle=Astronomers+find+giant+lightning+storm+at+Saturn&rft.date=2006-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F2006%2F02%2F060215090726.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFShirleyFairbridge1997" class="citation book cs1">Shirley, James H.; Fairbridge, Rhodes W. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dw2GadaPkYcC&dq=Barycenter&pg=PA62"><i>Encyclopedia of Planetary Sciences</i></a>. New York: Springer. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-412-06951-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-412-06951-2"><bdi>978-0-412-06951-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Planetary+Sciences&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-412-06951-2&rft.aulast=Shirley&rft.aufirst=James+H.&rft.au=Fairbridge%2C+Rhodes+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddw2GadaPkYcC%26dq%3DBarycenter%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724317"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1bar-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-1bar_11-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-1bar_11-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-1bar_11-2">1.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-1bar_11-3">1.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-1bar_11-4">1.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-1bar_11-5">1.5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-1bar_11-6">1.6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-1bar_11-7">1.7</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Refers to the level of 1 bar atmospheric pressure</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1bar_b-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1bar_b_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Based on the volume within the level of 1 bar atmospheric pressure</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Change section: Further reading" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Further reading"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="padding:0.25em 0.5em 0.5em 0.75em;border:1px solid #aaa;background:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-bottom:0.75em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;"><div style="clear:both;">Find more about<br /><b>Saturn</b><br />at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Sister projects">sister projects</a> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td style="padding-top:0.75em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Saturn" title="Search Wiktionary"><img alt="Search Wiktionary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/23px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/46px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.75em;"><a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Saturn" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Saturn">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Saturn_(planet)" title="Search Commons"><img alt="Search Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/37px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Saturn_(planet)" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Saturn (planet)">Media</a> from Commons </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Saturn" title="Search Wikinews"><img alt="Search Wikinews" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/25px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/38px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/50px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Saturn" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Saturn">News stories</a> from Wikinews </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Saturn" title="Search Wikiquote"><img alt="Search Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Saturn" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Saturn">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Saturn" title="Search Wikisource"><img alt="Search Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/48px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Saturn" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Saturn">Source texts</a> from Wikisource </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Saturn" title="Search Wikibooks"><img alt="Search Wikibooks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Saturn" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Saturn">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Saturn" title="Search Wikiversity"><img alt="Search Wikiversity" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/25px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/38px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/50px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Saturn" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/Saturn">Learning resources</a> from Wikiversity </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110809042235/http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/?search=SATURN">"Images of Saturn"</a>. <i>spacetelescope.org</i>. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/?search=SATURN">the original</a> on August 9, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=spacetelescope.org&rft.atitle=Images+of+Saturn&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spacetelescope.org%2Fimages%2F%3Fsearch%3DSATURN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/saturnfact.html">"Saturn Earth comparison"</a>. <i>Saturn fact Sheet</i>. NASA. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Saturn+fact+Sheet&rft.atitle=Saturn+Earth+comparison&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fplanetary%2Ffactsheet%2Fsaturnfact.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFVladimir_V._Tchernyi,_Andrew_Ju._Pospelov,_Serge_V._Girich2009" class="citation web cs1">Vladimir V. Tchernyi, Andrew Ju. Pospelov, Serge V. Girich (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160611212635/http://www.affs.org/html/studies_on_the_rings_of_saturn.html">"Studies on the Rings of Saturn"</a>. <i>The Academy for Future Science</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.affs.org/html/studies_on_the_rings_of_saturn.html">the original</a> on June 11, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Academy+for+Future+Science&rft.atitle=Studies+on+the+Rings+of+Saturn&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Vladimir+V.+Tchernyi%2C+Andrew+Ju.+Pospelov%2C+Serge+V.+Girich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.affs.org%2Fhtml%2Fstudies_on_the_rings_of_saturn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span> Theoretical description of the rings of Saturn.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230328102645/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/multimedia/pia07966.html">"Eerie sounds of Saturn's radio emissions"</a>. <i>Cassini: unlocking Saturn's secrets</i>. NASA. 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/multimedia/pia07966.html">the original</a> on March 28, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cassini%3A+unlocking+Saturn%27s+secrets&rft.atitle=Eerie+sounds+of+Saturn%27s+radio+emissions&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fcassini%2Fmultimedia%2Fpia07966.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span> A <a href="/wiki/WAV" title="WAV">WAV</a> file of radio emissions from Saturn.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091216231717/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2007-034">"Bizarre hexagon on Saturn"</a>. <i>News and Features</i>. NASA. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2007-034">the original</a> on December 16, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News+and+Features&rft.atitle=Bizarre+hexagon+on+Saturn&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fnews%2Fnews.cfm%3Frelease%3D2007-034&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASaturn" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Solar_System_Template_2.png" decoding="async" width="666" height="36" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="36" usemap="#ImageMap_22658df94c79d6c8" /></span><map name="ImageMap_22658df94c79d6c8"><area href="/wiki/Sun" shape="rect" coords="0,0,90,35" alt="The Sun" title="The Sun" /><area href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" shape="circle" coords="112,18,6" alt="Mercury" title="Mercury" /><area href="/wiki/Venus" shape="circle" coords="153,18,8" alt="Venus" title="Venus" /><area href="/wiki/Moon" shape="circle" coords="203,8,4" alt="The Moon" title="The Moon" /><area href="/wiki/Earth" shape="circle" coords="194,18,8" alt="Earth" title="Earth" /><area href="/wiki/Mars" shape="circle" coords="233,18,8" alt="Mars" title="Mars" /><area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Mars" shape="circle" coords="239,13,3" alt="Phobos and Deimos" title="Phobos and Deimos" /><area href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" shape="circle" coords="271,18,8" alt="Ceres" title="Ceres" /><area href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" shape="rect" coords="256,0,288,35" alt="The main asteroid belt" title="The main asteroid belt" /><area href="/wiki/Jupiter" shape="circle" coords="317,18,15" alt="Jupiter" title="Jupiter" /><area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter" shape="circle" coords="329,5,6" alt="Moons of Jupiter" title="Moons of Jupiter" /><area href="/wiki/Rings_of_Jupiter" shape="rect" coords="298,15,335,20" alt="Rings of Jupiter" title="Rings of Jupiter" /><area href="/wiki/Saturn" shape="circle" coords="372,18,12" alt="Saturn" title="Saturn" /><area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn" shape="circle" coords="381,7,6" alt="Moons of Saturn" title="Moons of Saturn" /><area href="/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn" shape="rect" coords="353,5,389,31" alt="Rings of Saturn" title="Rings of Saturn" /><area href="/wiki/Uranus" shape="circle" coords="418,18,12" alt="Uranus" title="Uranus" /><area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus" shape="circle" coords="427,10,6" alt="Moons of Uranus" title="Moons of Uranus" /><area href="/wiki/Rings_of_Uranus" shape="rect" coords="408,4,429,34" alt="Rings of Uranus" title="Rings of Uranus" /><area href="/wiki/Neptune" shape="circle" coords="462,18,12" alt="Neptune" title="Neptune" /><area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Neptune" shape="circle" coords="471,10,3" alt="Moons of Neptune" title="Moons of Neptune" /><area href="/wiki/Rings_of_Neptune" shape="rect" coords="441,9,485,28" alt="Rings of Neptune" title="Rings of Neptune" /><area href="/wiki/Pluto" shape="circle" coords="504,18,8" alt="Pluto" title="Pluto" /><area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Pluto" shape="circle" coords="508,13,3" alt="Moons of Pluto" title="Moons of Pluto" /><area href="/wiki/Haumea_(dwarf_planet)" shape="circle" coords="534,18,8" alt="Haumea" title="Haumea" /><area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Haumea" shape="circle" coords="538,13,3" alt="Moons of Haumea" title="Moons of Haumea" /><area href="/wiki/Makemake_(dwarf_planet)" shape="circle" coords="567,18,8" alt="Makemake" title="Makemake" /><area href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" shape="rect" coords="490,0,580,35" alt="The Kuiper Belt" title="The Kuiper Belt" /><area href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" shape="circle" coords="596,18,8" alt="Eris" title="Eris" /><area href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" shape="circle" coords="600,14,3" alt="Dysnomia" title="Dysnomia" /><area href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" shape="rect" coords="581,0,610,35" alt="The Scattered Disc" title="The Scattered Disc" /><area href="/wiki/Hills_cloud" shape="rect" coords="623,0,640,35" alt="The Hills Cloud" title="The Hills Cloud" /><area href="/wiki/Oort_cloud" shape="rect" coords="641,0,666,35" alt="The Oort Cloud" title="The Oort Cloud" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haumea" class="mw-redirect" title="Haumea">Haumea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Makemake" class="mw-redirect" title="Makemake">Makemake</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a></i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;;;;width:50%;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Planets" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">Planets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_planet" title="Terrestrial planet">Terrestrials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_planet" title="Giant planet">Giants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">Dwarfs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea" class="mw-redirect" title="Haumea">Haumea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makemake" class="mw-redirect" title="Makemake">Makemake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">Moons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Earth <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Mars" title="Moons of Mars">Mars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_(moon)" title="Phobos (moon)">Phobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos_(moon)" title="Deimos (moon)">Deimos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Moons of Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(moon)" title="Ganymede (moon)">Ganymede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callisto_(moon)" title="Callisto (moon)">Callisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Io_(moon)" title="Io (moon)">Io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(moon)" title="Europa (moon)">Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter#List" class="mw-redirect" title="Moons of Jupiter">all 95</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn" title="Moons of Saturn">Saturn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Titan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(moon)" title="Rhea (moon)">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iapetus_(moon)" title="Iapetus (moon)">Iapetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dione_(moon)" title="Dione (moon)">Dione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(moon)" title="Tethys (moon)">Tethys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus" title="Enceladus">Enceladus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimas_(moon)" title="Mimas (moon)">Mimas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(moon)" title="Hyperion (moon)">Hyperion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(moon)" title="Phoebe (moon)">Phoebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn#List" title="Moons of Saturn">all 83</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus" class="mw-redirect" title="Moons of Uranus">Uranus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titania_(moon)" title="Titania (moon)">Titania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberon_(moon)" title="Oberon (moon)">Oberon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbriel_(moon)" title="Umbriel (moon)">Umbriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_(moon)" title="Ariel (moon)">Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miranda_(moon)" title="Miranda (moon)">Miranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus#List" class="mw-redirect" title="Moons of Uranus">all 27</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Neptune" class="mw-redirect" title="Moons of Neptune">Neptune</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(moon)" title="Triton (moon)">Triton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteus_(moon)" title="Proteus (moon)">Proteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereid_(moon)" title="Nereid (moon)">Nereid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Neptune#List" class="mw-redirect" title="Moons of Neptune">all 14</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Pluto" title="Moons of Pluto">Pluto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nix_(moon)" title="Nix (moon)">Nix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(moon)" title="Hydra (moon)">Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerberos_(moon)" title="Kerberos (moon)">Kerberos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx_(moon)" title="Styx (moon)">Styx</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Haumea" title="Moons of Haumea">Haumean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hi%CA%BBiaka_(moon)" title="Hiʻiaka (moon)">Hiʻiaka</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makemake_(dwarf_planet)" title="Makemake (dwarf planet)">Makemake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S/2015_(136472)_1" class="mw-redirect" title="S/2015 (136472) 1">S/2015 (136472) 1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" title="Dysnomia (moon)">Dysnomia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Small_Solar_System_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Solar System body">Small <br />Solar <br />System <br />bodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">Comets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damocloid" title="Damocloid">Damocloids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteoroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteoroid">Meteoroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor planet">Minor planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetesimal" title="Planetesimal">Planetesimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">Near-Earth objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">Asteroid belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Pallas" title="2 Pallas">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Juno" title="3 Juno">Juno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">Vesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets:_1%E2%80%931000" title="List of minor planets: 1–1000">first 1000</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkwood_gap" title="Kirkwood gap">Kirkwood gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_trojan" title="Jupiter trojan">Jupiter trojans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">Trans-Neptunian objects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plutino" title="Plutino">Plutinos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" title="Scattered disc">Scattered disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oort_cloud" title="Oort cloud">Oort cloud</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hills_cloud" class="mw-redirect" title="Hills cloud">Hills cloud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:50%;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Rings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Jupiter" title="Rings of Jupiter">Jovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn" title="Rings of Saturn">Saturnian</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Rhea" title="Rings of Rhea">Rhean</a>)</span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Uranus" title="Rings of Uranus">Uranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Neptune" title="Rings of Neptune">Neptunian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea#Rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Haumea">Haumean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Hypothetical <br />objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planets_beyond_Neptune" title="Planets beyond Neptune">Planet Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planets_beyond_Neptune#Existence_of_Planet_X" title="Planets beyond Neptune">Planet X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theia_(planet)" title="Theia (planet)">Theia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyche_(hypothetical_planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyche (hypothetical planet)">Tyche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(hypothetical_planet)" title="Vulcan (hypothetical planet)">Vulcan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis_(star)" title="Nemesis (star)">Nemesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Space_exploration" title="Space exploration">Exploration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_colonization" title="Space colonization">Colonization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_station" title="Space station">space stations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_probe" title="Space probe">Space probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Moon" title="Exploration of the Moon">Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars" title="Exploration of Mars">Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)#Exploration" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid#Exploration" title="Asteroid">Asteroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Neptune" title="Exploration of Neptune">Neptune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System" title="Formation and evolution of the Solar System">Formation <br />and <br />evolution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accretion_(astrophysics)" title="Accretion (astrophysics)">Accretion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accretion_disk" title="Accretion disk">Accretion disk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accretion_disk#Excretion_disk" title="Accretion disk">Excretion disk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_disc" title="Circumstellar disc">Circumstellar disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_dust" title="Cosmic dust">Cosmic dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_impact_hypothesis" title="Giant impact hypothesis">Giant impact hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_cloud" title="Interstellar cloud">Interstellar cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_medium" title="Interstellar medium">Interstellar medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_space#Interstellar_space" title="Outer space">Interstellar space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_cloud" title="Molecular cloud">Molecular cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebular_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebular hypothesis">Nebular hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oort_cloud" title="Oort cloud">Oort cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">Outer 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