CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="lt" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Daugumos atstovavimas – Vikipedija</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )ltwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","sausio","vasario","kovo","balandžio","gegužės","birželio","liepos","rugpjūčio","rugsėjo","spalio","lapkričio","gruodžio"],"wgRequestId":"116304b6-8fb5-4241-af06-b067eb60173f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Daugumos_atstovavimas","wgTitle":"Daugumos atstovavimas","wgCurRevisionId":7413030,"wgRevisionId":7413030,"wgArticleId":327271,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Rinkimai"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"lt","wgPageContentLanguage":"lt","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Daugumos_atstovavimas","wgRelevantArticleId":327271,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true, "wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"lt","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"lt"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":4000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1052894","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.5"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options" :"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking", "ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=lt&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=lt&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=lt&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Daugumos atstovavimas – Vikipedija"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//lt.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daugumos_atstovavimas"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Keisti" href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Vikipedija (lt)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//lt.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daugumos_atstovavimas"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.lt"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Vikipedija Atom prenumerata" href="/w/index.php?title=Specialus:Naujausi_keitimai&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Daugumos_atstovavimas rootpage-Daugumos_atstovavimas skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pereiti prie turinio</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pagrindinis meniu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pagrindinis meniu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pagrindinis meniu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">paslėpti</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Naršymas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pagrindinis_puslapis" title="Eiti į pradinį puslapį [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagrindinis puslapis</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedija:Bendruomen%C4%97" title="Apie projektą, ką galima daryti, kur ką rasti"><span>Bendruomenės puslapis</span></a></li><li id="n-forumas" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedija:Forumas"><span>Forumas</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialus:Naujausi_keitimai" title="Paskutinių keitimų sąrašas viki projekte [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Naujausi keitimai</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialus:Atsitiktinis_puslapis" title="Įkelti atsitiktinį puslapį [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Atsitiktinis straipsnis</span></a></li><li id="n-pagalba" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pagalba:Turinys"><span>Pagalba</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Pagrindinis_puslapis" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipedija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-lt.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Laisvoji enciklopedija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-lt.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specialus:Paie%C5%A1ka" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Ieškoti lietuviškame wiki [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Paieška</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Ieškoti Vikipedijoje" aria-label="Ieškoti Vikipedijoje" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Ieškoti lietuviškame wiki [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specialus:Paieška"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Paieška</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Asmeniniai įrankiai"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Išvaizda"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Išvaizda" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Išvaizda</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_lt.wikipedia.org&uselang=lt" class=""><span>Parama</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specialus:Sukurti_paskyr%C4%85&returnto=Daugumos+atstovavimas" title="Skatiname susikurti paskyrą ir prisijungti, tačiau, tai nėra privaloma" class=""><span>Sukurti paskyrą</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specialus:Prisijungimas&returnto=Daugumos+atstovavimas" title="Rekomenduojame prisijungti, nors tai nėra privaloma [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Prisijungti</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Daugiau parametrų" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Asmeniniai įrankiai" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Asmeniniai įrankiai</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Naudotojo meniu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_lt.wikipedia.org&uselang=lt"><span>Parama</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialus:Sukurti_paskyr%C4%85&returnto=Daugumos+atstovavimas" title="Skatiname susikurti paskyrą ir prisijungti, tačiau, tai nėra privaloma"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sukurti paskyrą</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialus:Prisijungimas&returnto=Daugumos+atstovavimas" title="Rekomenduojame prisijungti, nors tai nėra privaloma [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Prisijungti</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Pagalba:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>sužinoti daugiau</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialus:Mano_ind%C4%97lis" title="Keitimų sąrašas, padarytų iš šio IP adreso [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Indėlis</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialus:Mano_aptarimas" title="Pakeitimų aptarimas, darytus naudojant šį IP adresą [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Šio IP aptarimų puslapis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Epaslėpti\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"lt\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EŠios \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Vikipedija:Savait%C4%97s_iniciatyva\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Vikipedija:Savaitės iniciatyva\"\u003Esavaitės iniciatyva\u003C/a\u003E: \u003Cb\u003ENobelio premijos laureatai\u003C/b\u003E. Kviečiame prisidėti!\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Turinys" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Turinys</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">paslėpti</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Pradžia</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Paprastosios_(santykinės)_daugumos_atstovavimas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paprastosios_(santykinės)_daugumos_atstovavimas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Paprastosios (santykinės) daugumos atstovavimas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paprastosios_(santykinės)_daugumos_atstovavimas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Absoliučiosios_daugumos_atstovavimas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absoliučiosios_daugumos_atstovavimas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Absoliučiosios daugumos atstovavimas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absoliučiosios_daugumos_atstovavimas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poveikis_politinei_sistemai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poveikis_politinei_sistemai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Poveikis politinei sistemai</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poveikis_politinei_sistemai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kritika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kritika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kritika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kritika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naudojimas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naudojimas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Naudojimas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naudojimas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Šaltiniai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Šaltiniai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Šaltiniai</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Šaltiniai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Išnašos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Išnašos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Išnašos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Išnašos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Turinys" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Daugumos atstovavimas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 kalbų</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="انتخاب فردي – arabų" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انتخاب فردي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Votadeg_unanv_gant_un_dro_hepken" title="Votadeg unanv gant un dro hepken – bretonų" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Votadeg unanv gant un dro hepken" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pers%C3%B6nlichkeitswahl" title="Persönlichkeitswahl – vokiečių" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Persönlichkeitswahl" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vokiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurality_voting_system" title="Plurality voting system – anglų" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Plurality voting system" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escrutinio_uninominal_mayoritario" title="Escrutinio uninominal mayoritario – ispanų" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Escrutinio uninominal mayoritario" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispanų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AA%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87" title="حوزه انتخابیه تک‌نماینده – persų" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حوزه انتخابیه تک‌نماینده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enemmist%C3%B6vaali" title="Enemmistövaali – suomių" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Enemmistövaali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="suomių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrutin_uninominal_majoritaire_%C3%A0_un_tour" title="Scrutin uninominal majoritaire à un tour – prancūzų" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Scrutin uninominal majoritaire à un tour" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prancūzų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%98%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="בחירות בשיטה הרובנית – hebrajų" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בחירות בשיטה הרובנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="एकल सदस्यीय जिला – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एकल सदस्यीय जिला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egymand%C3%A1tumos_v%C3%A1laszt%C3%B3ker%C3%BClet" title="Egymandátumos választókerület – vengrų" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Egymandátumos választókerület" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="vengrų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einmenningskj%C3%B6rd%C3%A6mi" title="Einmenningskjördæmi – islandų" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Einmenningskjördæmi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collegio_uninominale" title="Collegio uninominale – italų" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Collegio uninominale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%B6" title="小選挙区制 – japonų" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="小選挙区制" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EC%84%A0%EA%B1%B0%EA%B5%AC%EC%A0%9C" title="소선거구제 – korėjiečių" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="소선거구제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korėjiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkelvoudig_kiesdistrict" title="Enkelvoudig kiesdistrict – olandų" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Enkelvoudig kiesdistrict" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enmannskrets" title="Enmannskrets – norvegų bukmolas" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Enmannskrets" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegų bukmolas" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordynacja_wi%C4%99kszo%C5%9Bciowa" title="Ordynacja większościowa – lenkų" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ordynacja większościowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="lenkų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voto_distrital" title="Voto distrital – portugalų" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Voto distrital" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vot_uninominal" title="Vot uninominal – rumunų" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vot uninominal" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Мажоритарная избирательная система – rusų" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мажоритарная избирательная система" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C4%87inski_izborni_sistem" title="Većinski izborni sistem – serbų-kroatų" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Većinski izborni sistem" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbų-kroatų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurality_voting" title="Plurality voting – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Plurality voting" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enmansvalkrets" title="Enmansvalkrets – švedų" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Enmansvalkrets" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dar_b%C3%B6lge_sistemi" title="Dar bölge sistemi – turkų" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dar bölge sistemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A7u_phi%E1%BA%BFu_%C4%91a_s%E1%BB%91_t%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i" title="Đầu phiếu đa số tương đối – vietnamiečių" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đầu phiếu đa số tương đối" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%95%B8%E5%88%B6" title="多數制 – kinų" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="多數制" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E8%AD%B0%E5%B8%AD%E5%96%AE%E7%A5%A8%E5%88%B6" title="單議席單票制 – kinų kalbos Kantono tarmė" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="單議席單票制" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kinų kalbos Kantono tarmė" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1052894#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Keisti tarpkalbines nuorodas" class="wbc-editpage">Keisti nuorodas</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Vardų sritys"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Daugumos_atstovavimas" title="Rodyti puslapio turinį [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Straipsnis</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aptarimas:Daugumos_atstovavimas&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Puslapio turinio aptarimas (puslapis neegzistuoja) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Aptarimas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">lietuvių</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Žiūrėti"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Daugumos_atstovavimas"><span>Skaityti</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&veaction=edit" title="Redaguoti šį puslapį [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Keisti</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&action=edit" title="Redaguoti šio puslapio išeities kodą [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Keisti vikitekstą</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&action=history" title="Ankstesnės puslapio versijos [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istorija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Įrankiai" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Įrankiai</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Įrankiai</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">paslėpti</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Daugiau nustatymų" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Veiksmai </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Daugumos_atstovavimas"><span>Skaityti</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&veaction=edit" title="Redaguoti šį puslapį [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Keisti</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&action=edit" title="Redaguoti šio puslapio išeities kodą [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Keisti vikitekstą</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&action=history"><span>Istorija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bendra </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialus:Kas_%C4%AF_%C4%8Dia_rodo/Daugumos_atstovavimas" title="Viki puslapių sąrašas, kuris nurodo čia [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Susiję straipsniai</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialus:Pakeitimai_susijusiuose_puslapiuose/Daugumos_atstovavimas" rel="nofollow" title="Paskutiniai keitimai puslapiuose, pasiekiamuose iš šio puslapio [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Susiję keitimai</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialus:Specialieji_puslapiai" title="Specialiųjų puslapių sąrašas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialieji puslapiai</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&oldid=7413030" title="Nuolatinė nuoroda į šią puslapio versiją"><span>Nuolatinė nuoroda</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&action=info" title="Daugiau žinių apie šį puslapį"><span>Puslapio informacija</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialus:CiteThisPage&page=Daugumos_atstovavimas&id=7413030&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacija kaip cituoti šį puslapį"><span>Cituoti straipsnį</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialus:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Flt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDaugumos_atstovavimas"><span>Gauti sutrumpintą URL nuorodą</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialus:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Flt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDaugumos_atstovavimas"><span>Atsisiųsti QR kodą</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Spausdinti/eksportuoti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialus:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Daugumos+atstovavimas"><span>Kurti knygą</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialus:DownloadAsPdf&page=Daugumos_atstovavimas&action=show-download-screen"><span>Parsisiųsti kaip PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&printable=yes" title="Šio puslapio versija spausdinimui [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versija spausdinimui</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Kituose projektuose </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Single-member_district" hreflang="en"><span>Vikiteka</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1052894" title="Nuoroda į susietą duomenų saugyklos įrašą [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikiduomenys įrašas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Išvaizda"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Išvaizda</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">paslėpti</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Straipsnis iš Vikipedijos, laisvosios enciklopedijos.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lt" dir="ltr"><p><b>Daugumos atstovavimas</b> (dar vadinamas <b>mažoritarizmu</b> (nuo <a href="/wiki/Pranc%C5%ABz%C5%B3_kalba" title="Prancūzų kalba">pranc.</a> <i>majorité</i> – <i>dauguma</i>) arba <b>pliuralizmu</b>) – <a href="/wiki/Rinkim%C5%B3_sistema" title="Rinkimų sistema">rinkimų sistema</a>, pagal kurią atstovu išrenkamas daugiausiai <a href="/wiki/Balsas_(politologija)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balsas (politologija)">balsų</a> gavęs kandidatas. Ši sistema dar skirstoma į <b>paprastosios</b> (arba <b>santykinės</b>) ir <b>absoliučiosios daugumos</b> variacijas.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paprastosios_(santykinės)_daugumos_atstovavimas"><span id="Paprastosios_.28santykin.C4.97s.29_daugumos_atstovavimas"></span>Paprastosios (santykinės) daugumos atstovavimas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Paprastosios (santykinės) daugumos atstovavimas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Paprastosios (santykinės) daugumos atstovavimas"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pagal paprastosios daugumos sistemą pergalei <a href="/wiki/Rinkimai" title="Rinkimai">rinkimuose</a> pasiekti užtenka laimėti paprastą <a href="/wiki/Rinkim%C5%B3_apygarda" class="mw-redirect" title="Rinkimų apygarda">apygardos</a> rinkėjų <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bals%C5%B3_dauguma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balsų dauguma (puslapis neegzistuoja)">balsų daugumą</a>. Pavyzdžiui, jeigu vienas iš kandidatų surinko 30 % balsų, o jo konkurentai atitinkamai 20 %, 15 %, 10 %, 8 % ir t. t., tai pagal šią sistemą pergalė priklausys kandidatui, surinkusiam 30 % balsų. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Absoliučiosios_daugumos_atstovavimas"><span id="Absoliu.C4.8Diosios_daugumos_atstovavimas"></span>Absoliučiosios daugumos atstovavimas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Absoliučiosios daugumos atstovavimas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Absoliučiosios daugumos atstovavimas"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Norint laimėti rinkimus pagal absoliučiosios daugumos sistemą, kandidatui reikia surinkti absoliučią daugumą <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rink%C4%97jas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rinkėjas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">rinkėjų</a> balsų, t. y. 50 % + 1 balsas. Per rinkimus nė vienam kandidatui nesurinkus absoliučios daugumos, reikia organizuoti antrą rinkimų turą, kuriame dalyvaus du ar daugiau kandidatų, pirmajame ture surinkusių daugiausiai balsų. To galima išvengti suteikiant rinkėjams <b>alternatyvų balsą</b> – leidimą nurodyti ne tik labiausiai patikusį kandidatą, bet ir sureitinguoti likusius. Tokiu atveju nei vienam kandidatui nesurinkus absoliučiosios daugumos, mažiausiai balsų gavusio kandidato <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rinkim%C5%B3_biuletenis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rinkimų biuletenis (puslapis neegzistuoja)">biuleteniai</a> peržiūrimi ir iš jų balsai atiduodami kandidatams, pažymėtiems antru numeriu. Šiuo principu skaičiavimas atliekamas tol, kol vienas iš kandidatų galiausiai surenka absoliučiąją daugumą. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poveikis_politinei_sistemai">Poveikis politinei sistemai</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Poveikis politinei sistemai" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Poveikis politinei sistemai"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ši sistema yra palanki didelėms <a href="/wiki/Politin%C4%97_partija" title="Politinė partija">partijoms</a>, tačiau labai nepalanki mažoms. Tos, kurios neturi didelės įtakos ir kurias remia nedidelis rinkėjų skaičius, neturi galimybės kada nors laimėti rinkimus, kuriuose dėl mandato varžosi dvi stambiausios partijos. Dėl šios priežasties mažoms partijoms tenka prisidėti prie kurios nors iš didžiųjų, likti politinio gyvenimo pakraštyje arba visai iš jo pasitraukti. </p><p>Daugumos atstovavimo sistema taip pat verčia šalies politines jėgas ieškoti kompromiso ir jungtis į dvi pagrindines partijas ar partijų blokus. Dviejų partijų konkurencija skatina kiekvieną iš jų nuolat atnaujinti savo programas ir prisitaikyti prie rinkėjų poreikių. Be to, pagal daugumos atstovavimą vykdomi rinkimai linkę šalyje formuoti <a href="/wiki/Dvipartin%C4%97_sistema" title="Dvipartinė sistema">dvipartinę sistemą</a>, kuri padidina <a href="/wiki/Vienpartin%C4%97_sistema" title="Vienpartinė sistema">vienpartinių</a> (<a href="/wiki/Koalicija_(politika)" title="Koalicija (politika)">nekoalicinių</a>) <a href="/wiki/Vyriausyb%C4%97" title="Vyriausybė">vyriausybių</a> tikimybę. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kritika">Kritika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Kritika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Kritika"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Daugumos atstovavimo sistema kritikuojama dėl neteisingo rinkėjų nuomonės atspindėjimo ir balsų „iššvaistymo“. Pavyzdžiui, suskaičiavus balsus paaiškėja, kad antrame ture kandidatas A gavo 49,2 %, o B – 50,8 % balsų. Taigi net ir maža persvara laimėjęs kandidatas B laimi rinkimus ir gauna mandatą, o balsai atiduoti už kandidatą A „prapuola“. Dar didesnis balsų netekimas gali būti nesant antrajam rinkimų turui. Pavyzdžiui, keturiems kandidatams A, B, C ir D gavus atitinkamai 33 %, 27 %, 25 % ir 15 % balsų, kandidatas A laimi, o likusi elektorato dalis, sudaranti 67 % visų balsuotojų, išlieka neatstovaujama. Dėl šios priežasties daugumos atstovavimo sistema laikoma kaip viena iš neproporcingiausių. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naudojimas">Naudojimas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Naudojimas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Naudojimas"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Daugumos atstovavimo sistema naudojama renkant <a href="/wiki/Anglija" title="Anglija">Anglijos</a>, <a href="/wiki/JAV" class="mw-redirect" title="JAV">JAV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanados</a> parlamentą bei daugumos valstybių prezidentus. Ji populiari ir nevalstybinės valdžios rinkimuose. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Šaltiniai"><span id=".C5.A0altiniai"></span>Šaltiniai</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Šaltiniai" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Šaltiniai"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>David Robertson. <i>The Routledge dictionary of politics, 3rd edition</i>. Routledge, 2004</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Išnašos"><span id="I.C5.A1na.C5.A1os"></span>Išnašos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Išnašos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Išnašos"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Algis Krupavičius, Robertas Pogorelis. <i>Rinkimų sistema ir rinkimai</i>. iš <i>Lietuvos politinė sistema: sąranga ir raida</i>. Poligrafija ir informatika, 2004. p. 248–249</span> </li> </ol> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Rodomas puslapis "<a dir="ltr" href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&oldid=7413030">https://lt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&oldid=7413030</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specialus:Kategorijos" title="Specialus:Kategorijos">Kategorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Rinkimai" title="Kategorija:Rinkimai">Rinkimai</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Šis puslapis paskutinį kartą keistas 19 spalio 2024 13:19.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekstas pateikiamas pagal <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike Licenciją</a>; gali būti taikomos papildomos sąlygos. Detaliau – <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> .</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privatumo politika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedija:Apie">Apie Vikipediją</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedija:General_disclaimer">Jokių garantijų</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Kūrėjai</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/lt.wikipedia.org">Statistika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Slapukų politika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//lt.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daugumos_atstovavimas&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobili peržiūra</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-hdth4","wgBackendResponseTime":129,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.012","walltime":"0.017","ppvisitednodes":{"value":82,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":198,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":9,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":5,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":493,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 6.055 1 -total"," 45.99% 2.785 1 Šablonas:Išnašos"," 27.68% 1.676 1 Šablonas:Fr"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-75c465f4c6-l684m","timestamp":"20241125114335","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Daugumos atstovavimas","url":"https:\/\/lt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daugumos_atstovavimas","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1052894","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1052894","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2010-09-04T20:17:14Z","dateModified":"2024-10-19T11:19:10Z"}</script> </body> </html>