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Insomnia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1._Insomnia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Isolated_symptoms_and_normal_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isolated_symptoms_and_normal_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Isolated symptoms and normal variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isolated_symptoms_and_normal_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2._Sleep-related_breathing_disorders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2._Sleep-related_breathing_disorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>2. Sleep-related breathing disorders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2._Sleep-related_breathing_disorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Obstructive_sleep_apnea_(OSA)_syndromes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obstructive_sleep_apnea_(OSA)_syndromes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndromes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obstructive_sleep_apnea_(OSA)_syndromes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_sleep_apnea_syndromes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_sleep_apnea_syndromes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Central sleep apnea syndromes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_sleep_apnea_syndromes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sleep-related_hypoventilation_disorders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sleep-related_hypoventilation_disorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>Sleep-related hypoventilation disorders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sleep-related_hypoventilation_disorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sleep-related_hypoxemia_disorder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sleep-related_hypoxemia_disorder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.4</span> <span>Sleep-related hypoxemia disorder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sleep-related_hypoxemia_disorder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Isolated_symptoms_and_normal_variants_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isolated_symptoms_and_normal_variants_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.4.1</span> <span>Isolated symptoms and normal variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isolated_symptoms_and_normal_variants_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-3._Central_disorders_of_hypersomnolence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#3._Central_disorders_of_hypersomnolence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>3. Central disorders of hypersomnolence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-3._Central_disorders_of_hypersomnolence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-4._Circadian_rhythm_sleep-wake_disorders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#4._Circadian_rhythm_sleep-wake_disorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>4. Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-4._Circadian_rhythm_sleep-wake_disorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-5._Parasomnias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#5._Parasomnias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>5. Parasomnias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-5._Parasomnias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-NREM-related_parasomnias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NREM-related_parasomnias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.1</span> <span>NREM-related parasomnias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NREM-related_parasomnias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-REM-related_parasomnias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#REM-related_parasomnias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.2</span> <span>REM-related parasomnias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-REM-related_parasomnias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_parasomnias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_parasomnias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.3</span> <span>Other parasomnias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_parasomnias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isolated_symptoms_and_normal_variants_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isolated_symptoms_and_normal_variants_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.4</span> <span>Isolated symptoms and normal variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isolated_symptoms_and_normal_variants_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-6._Sleep-related_movement_disorders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#6._Sleep-related_movement_disorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>6. Sleep-related movement disorders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-6._Sleep-related_movement_disorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Isolated_symptoms_and_normal_variants_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isolated_symptoms_and_normal_variants_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.1</span> <span>Isolated symptoms and normal variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isolated_symptoms_and_normal_variants_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-7._Other_sleep_disorders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#7._Other_sleep_disorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>7. Other sleep disorders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-7._Other_sleep_disorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">International Classification of Sleep Disorders</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders" title="International Classification of Sleep Disorders – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="International Classification of Sleep Disorders" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clasificaci%C3%B3n_internacional_de_los_trastornos_del_sue%C3%B1o" title="Clasificación internacional de los trastornos del sueño – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Clasificación internacional de los trastornos del sueño" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="طبقه‌بندی بین‌المللی اختلال‌های خواب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="طبقه‌بندی بین‌المللی اختلال‌های خواب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification_internationale_des_troubles_du_sommeil" title="Classification internationale des troubles du sommeil – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Classification internationale des troubles du sommeil" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classificatio_internationalis_perturbationum_somni" title="Classificatio internationalis perturbationum somni – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Classificatio internationalis perturbationum somni" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E9%9A%9C%E5%AE%B3%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="睡眠障害国際分類 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="睡眠障害国際分類" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICSD" title="ICSD – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="ICSD" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Coding resource for sleep and sleep-related disorders</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical condition</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-medical-condition"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">International Classification of Sleep Disorder</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sleep_medicine" title="Sleep medicine">Sleep medicine</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>International Classification of Sleep Disorders</b> (<b>ICSD</b>) is "a primary diagnostic, <a href="/wiki/Epidemiological" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidemiological">epidemiological</a> and coding resource for clinicians and researchers in the field of sleep and sleep medicine".<sup id="cite_ref-ICSD-R_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICSD-R-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ICSD was produced by the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Sleep_Medicine" title="American Academy of Sleep Medicine">American Academy of Sleep Medicine</a> (AASM) in association with the European Sleep Research Society, the Japanese Society of Sleep Research, and the Latin American Sleep Society. The classification was developed as a revision and update of the Diagnostic Classification of Sleep and Arousal Disorders (DCSAD) that was produced by both the Association of Sleep Disorders Centers (ASDC) and the Association for the Psychophysiological Study of Sleep and was published in the journal Sleep in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second edition, called ICSD-2, was published by the AASM in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The third edition, ICSD-3, was released by the AASM in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-icsd3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icsd3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A text revision of the third edition (ICSD-3-TR) was published in 2023 by the AASM.<sup id="cite_ref-icsd3tr_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icsd3tr-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Milestones_of_sleep_disorder_classifications">Milestones of sleep disorder classifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Milestones of sleep disorder classifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>ICSD </th> <th>ICD </th> <th>DSM </th></tr> <tr> <td>1974 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>DSM-III </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td> </td> <td>ICD-9 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979 </td> <td>Nosology </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td> </td> <td>ICD-CM </td> <td>DSM-III </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>DSM-III-R </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td>ICSD </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 </td> <td> </td> <td>ICD-10 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>DSM-IV </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <td>ICSD-R </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>DSM-IV-TR </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td>ICSD-2 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td>ICSD-2 Pocket Version </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td> </td> <td>ICD-10-CM </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td>ICSD-3 </td> <td> </td> <td>DSM-5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td> </td> <td>ICD-11 Beta </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td> </td> <td>ICD-11 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>ICSD-3-TR </td> <td> </td> <td>DSM-5-TR </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Introduction">Introduction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Introduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1979, the first Diagnostic Classification of Sleep and Arousal Disorders (DCSAD) was developed by the Association of Sleep Disorders Centers (ASDC) and the Association for the Psychophysiological Study of Sleep. Disorders were divided into four main categories.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS) – Insomnias</li> <li>Disorders of Excessive somnolence (DOES) – Hypersomnias</li> <li>Disorders of the Sleep-Wake Schedule – Circadian Disorders</li> <li>Dysfunctions Associated with Sleep, Sleep Stages, or Partial Arousals – Parasomnias</li></ol> <p>In 1990, the first comprehensive classification of disorders of sleep and arousal, the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-1990), was developed by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) in association with the European Sleep Research Society, the Japanese Society of Sleep Research, and the Latin American Sleep Society.<sup id="cite_ref-ThorpyClassification_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThorpyClassification-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 84 sleep disorders were inventoried, based on pathophysiological characteristics. It was later revised as the ICSD-R in 1997. </p><p>The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) uses a multiaxial system for stating and coding diagnoses both in clinical reports or for database purposes. The axial system uses International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9-CM) coding wherever possible. Additional codes are included for procedures and physical signs of particular interest to sleep disorders clinicians and researchers. Diagnoses and procedures are listed and coded on three main "axes". The axial system is arranged as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-ICSD-R_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICSD-R-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Axis A ICSD Classification of Sleep Disorders </p><p>Axis B ICD-9-CM Classification of Procedures </p><p>Axis C ICD-9-CM Classification of Diseases (nonsleep diagnoses). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ICSD-I_(1990)_and_ICSD-Revised_(1997)"><span id="ICSD-I_.281990.29_and_ICSD-Revised_.281997.29"></span>ICSD-I (1990) and ICSD-Revised (1997)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: ICSD-I (1990) and ICSD-Revised (1997)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Dyssomnias <ol><li>Intrinsic Sleep Disorders</li> <li>Extrinsic Sleep Disorders</li> <li>Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders</li></ol></li> <li>Parasomnias <ol><li>Arousal Disorders</li> <li>Sleep-Wake Transition Disorders</li> <li>Parasomnias Usually Associated with REM Sleep</li> <li>Other Parasomnias</li></ol></li> <li>Sleep Disorders Associated with Mental, Neurologic, or Other Medical Disorders <ol><li>Associated with Mental Disorders</li> <li>Associated with Neurologic Disorders</li> <li>Associated with Other Medical Disorders</li></ol></li> <li>Proposed Sleep Disorders <ol><li>Shorter Sleeper</li> <li>Long Sleeper</li> <li>Menstrual-Associated Sleep Disorders</li></ol></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ICSD-2">ICSD-2</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: ICSD-2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2005, the International Classification of Sleep Disorders underwent minor updates and modifications resulting in version 2 (ICSD-2).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>ICSD-2 </th> <th>ICD-9-CM </th> <th>ICD-10-CM </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Insomnia" title="Insomnia">Insomnia</a>:</b> Insomnia is defined as the subjective perception of difficulty with sleep initiation, duration, consolidation, or quality that occurs despite adequate opportunity for sleep, and that results in some form of daytime impairment.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Adjustment sleep disorder (acute insomnia) </td> <td>307.41 </td> <td>F 51.02 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Psychophysiological insomnia </td> <td>307.42 </td> <td>F 51.04 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Paradoxical insomnia (formerly sleep state misperception) </td> <td>307.42 </td> <td>F 51.03 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Idiopathic insomnia </td> <td>307.42 </td> <td>F 51.01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Insomnia due to mental disorder </td> <td>307.42 </td> <td>F 51.05 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Inadequate sleep hygiene </td> <td>V69.4 </td> <td>Z72.821 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Behavioral insomnia of childhood </td> <td>307.42 </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>- Sleep-onset association type </td> <td>— </td> <td>z73.810 </td></tr> <tr> <td>- Limit-setting sleep type </td> <td>— </td> <td>z73.811 </td></tr> <tr> <td>- Combined type </td> <td>— </td> <td>Z73.812 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Insomnia due to drug or substance </td> <td>292.85 </td> <td>G47.02 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Insomnia due to medical condition (code also the associated medical condition) </td> <td>327.01 </td> <td>G47.01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Insomnia not due to a substance or known physiological condition, unspecified </td> <td>780.52 </td> <td>F51.09 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Physiological (organic) insomnia, unspecified; (organic insomnia, NOS) </td> <td>327.00 </td> <td>G47.09 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><b>Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders:</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Central_sleep_apnea" title="Central sleep apnea">Central sleep apnea</a> syndromes</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Primary central sleep apnea </td> <td>327.21 </td> <td>G47.31 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Central sleep apnea due to Cheyne-Stokes breathing pattern </td> <td>768.04 </td> <td>R06.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Central sleep apnea due to high altitude periodic breathing </td> <td>327.22 </td> <td>G47.32 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Central sleep apnea due to a medical condition, not Cheyne-Stokes </td> <td>327.27 </td> <td>G47.31 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Central sleep apnea due to a drug or substance </td> <td>327.29 </td> <td>F10-19 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Primary sleep apnea of infancy </td> <td>770.81 </td> <td>P28.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Obstructive_sleep_apnea" title="Obstructive sleep apnea">Obstructive sleep apnea</a> syndromes</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Obstructive sleep apnea, adult </td> <td>327.23 </td> <td>G47.33 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Obstructive sleep apnea, pediatric </td> <td>327.23 </td> <td>G47.33 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><b>Sleep-related hypoventilation/hypoxemic syndromes</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sleep-related non-obstructive alveolar hypoventilation, bidiopathic </td> <td>327.24 </td> <td>G47.34 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome </td> <td>327.25 </td> <td>G47.35 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><b>Sleep-related hypoventilation/hypoxemia due to a medical condition</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sleep-related hypoventilation/hypoxemia due to pulmonary parenchymal or vascular pathology </td> <td>327.26 </td> <td>G47.36 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sleep-related hypoventilation/hypoxemia due to lower airways obstruction </td> <td>327.26 </td> <td>G47.36 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sleep-related hypoventilation/hypoxemia due to neuromuscular or chest wall disorders </td> <td>327.26 </td> <td>G47.36 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><b>Other sleep-related breathing disorder</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sleep apnea/sleep related breathing disorder, unspecified </td> <td>320.20 </td> <td>G47.30 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><b> <a href="/wiki/Hypersomnia" title="Hypersomnia">Hypersomnias</a> of Central Origin:</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Narcolepsy" title="Narcolepsy">Narcolepsy</a> with cataplexy </td> <td>347.01 </td> <td>G47.411 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Narcolepsy without cataplexy </td> <td>347.00 </td> <td>G47.419 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Narcolepsy due to medical condition </td> <td>347.10 </td> <td>G47.421 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Narcolepsy, unspecified </td> <td>347.00 </td> <td>G47.43 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Recurrent hypersomnia </td> <td>780.54 </td> <td>G47.13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>- <a href="/wiki/Kleine-Levin_Syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Kleine-Levin Syndrome">Kleine-Levin Syndrome</a> </td> <td>327.13 </td> <td>G47.13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>- Menstrual-related hypersomnia </td> <td>327.13 </td> <td>G47.13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Idiopathic hypersomnia with long sleep time </td> <td>327.11 </td> <td>G47.11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Idiopathic hypersomnia without long sleep time </td> <td>327.12 </td> <td>G47.12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Behaviorally induced insufficient sleep syndrome </td> <td>307.44 </td> <td>F51.12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hypersomnia due to medical condition </td> <td>327.14 </td> <td>G47.14 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hypersomnia due to drug or substance </td> <td>292.85 </td> <td>G47.14 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hypersomnia not due to a substance or known physiological condition </td> <td>327.15 </td> <td>F51.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Physiological (organic) hypersomnia, unspecified (organic hypersomnia, NOS) </td> <td>327.10 </td> <td>G47.10 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><b>Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders:</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, delayed sleep phase type </td> <td>327.31 </td> <td>G47.21 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, advanced sleep phase type </td> <td>327.32 </td> <td>G47.22 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, irregular sleep-wake type </td> <td>327.33 </td> <td>G47.23 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, free-running (non-entrained) type </td> <td>327.34 </td> <td>G47.24 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, jet lag type </td> <td>327.35 </td> <td>G47.25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, shift work type </td> <td>327.36 </td> <td>G47.26 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Circadian rhythm sleep disorders due to medical condition </td> <td>327.37 </td> <td>G47.27 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other circadian rhythm sleep disorder </td> <td>327.39 </td> <td>G47.29 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other circadian rhythm sleep disorder due to drug or substance </td> <td>292.85 </td> <td>G47.27 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><b>Parasomnias:</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Disorders of arousal (from non-REM sleep) </td></tr> <tr> <td>- Confusional arousals </td> <td>327.41 </td> <td>G47.51 </td></tr> <tr> <td>- Sleepwalking </td> <td>307.46 </td> <td>F51.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>- Sleep terrors </td> <td>307.46 </td> <td>F51.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Parasomnias usually associated with REM sleep </td></tr> <tr> <td>- REM sleep behavior disorder (including parasomnia overlap disorder and status dissociatus) </td> <td>327.42 </td> <td>G47.52 </td></tr> <tr> <td>- Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis </td> <td>327.43 </td> <td>G47.53 </td></tr> <tr> <td>- Nightmare disorder </td> <td>307.47 </td> <td>F51.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><b>Other <a href="/wiki/Parasomnia" title="Parasomnia">Parasomnias</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sleep-related dissociative disorders </td> <td>300.15 </td> <td>F44.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sleep <a href="/wiki/Enuresis" title="Enuresis">enuresis</a> </td> <td>788.36 </td> <td>N39.44 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sleep-related groaning (<a href="/wiki/Catathrenia" title="Catathrenia">catathrenia</a>) </td> <td>327.49 </td> <td>G47.59 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Exploding head syndrome </td> <td>327.49 </td> <td>G47.59 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sleep-related hallucinations </td> <td>368.16 </td> <td>R29.81 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sleep-related eating disorder </td> <td>327.49 </td> <td>G47.59 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Parasomnia" title="Parasomnia">Parasomnia</a>, unspecified </td> <td>227.40 </td> <td>G47.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Parasomnia due to a drug or substance </td> <td>292.85 </td> <td>G47.54 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Parasomnia due to a medical condition </td> <td>327.44 </td> <td>G47.54 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><b>Sleep-Related Movement Disorders:</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Restless_legs_syndrome" title="Restless legs syndrome">Restless legs syndrome</a> (including sleep-related growing pains) </td> <td>333.49 </td> <td>G25.81 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Periodic_limb_movement_disorder" title="Periodic limb movement disorder">Periodic limb movement sleep disorder</a> </td> <td>327.51 </td> <td>G47.61 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sleep-related leg cramps </td> <td>327.52 </td> <td>G47.62 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sleep-related bruxism </td> <td>327.53 </td> <td>G47.63 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder </td> <td>327.59 </td> <td>G47.69 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sleep-related movement disorder, unspecified </td> <td>327.59 </td> <td>G47.90 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sleep-related movement disorder due to drug or substance </td> <td>327.59 </td> <td>G47.67 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sleep-related movement disorder due to medical condition </td> <td>327.59 </td> <td>G47.67 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><b>Isolated Symptoms, Apparently Normal Variants, and Unresolved Issues</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Long sleeper </td> <td>307.49 </td> <td>R29.81 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Short sleeper </td> <td>307.49 </td> <td>R29.81 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Snoring" title="Snoring">Snoring</a> </td> <td>786.09 </td> <td>R06.83 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sleep talking </td> <td>307.49 </td> <td>R29.81 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sleep starts, <a href="/wiki/Hypnic_jerk" title="Hypnic jerk">hypnic jerks</a> </td> <td>307.47 </td> <td>R25.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Benign sleep myoclonus of infancy </td> <td>781.01 </td> <td>R25.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hypnagogic foot tremor and alternating leg muscle activation during sleep </td> <td>781.01 </td> <td>R25.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Propriospinal <a href="/wiki/Myoclonus" title="Myoclonus">myoclonus</a> at sleep onset </td> <td>781.01 </td> <td>R25.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Excessive fragmentary <a href="/wiki/Myoclonus" title="Myoclonus">myoclonus</a> </td> <td>781.01 </td> <td>R25.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><i><b>Other Sleep Disorders</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other physiological (organic) sleep disorder </td> <td>327.8 </td> <td>G47.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other sleep disorder not due to a known substance or physiological condition </td> <td>327.8 </td> <td>G47.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Environmental sleep disorder </td> <td>307.48 </td> <td>F51.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><i><b>Sleep disorders associated with conditions classifiable elsewhere</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fatal familial insomnia </td> <td>046.8 </td> <td>A81.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fibromyalgia" title="Fibromyalgia">Fibromyalgia</a> </td> <td>729.1 </td> <td>M79.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sleep-related <a href="/wiki/Epilepsy" title="Epilepsy">epilepsy</a> </td> <td>345 </td> <td>G40.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sleep-related <a href="/wiki/Headache" title="Headache">headaches</a> </td> <td>784.0 </td> <td>R51 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sleep-related <a href="/wiki/Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease" title="Gastroesophageal reflux disease">gastroesophageal reflux disease</a> </td> <td>530.1 </td> <td>K21.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sleep-related coronary artery ischemia </td> <td>411.8 </td> <td>I25.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sleep-related abnormal swallowing, choking, and <a href="/wiki/Laryngospasm" title="Laryngospasm">laryngospasm</a> </td> <td>787.2 </td> <td>R13.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><i><b>Other psychiatric/behavioral disorders frequently encountered in the differential diagnosis of sleep disorders</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mood_disorder" title="Mood disorder">Mood disorders</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anxiety_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Anxiety disorders">Anxiety disorders</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Somatic_symptom_disorder" title="Somatic symptom disorder">Somatoform disorders</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">Schizophrenia</a> and other psychotic disorders </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>Disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Personality_disorder" title="Personality disorder">Personality disorders</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The ICSD-2 thus lists 81 sleep disorder diagnostic categories divided in 8 major categories. Each diagnostic is detailed in a description that presents the diagnostic criteria. The 81 diagnostics are divided into 8 main categories, namely insomnias, sleep-related breathing disorders, hypersomnias of central origin, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, parasomnias, sleep-related movement disorders, isolated symptoms apparently normal variants and unresolved issues, other sleep disorders. The two last categories (i.e. sleep disorders associated with disorders classified elsewhere and psychiatric disorders frequently encountered in the differential diagnosis of sleep disorders) are presented in the appendices and count 13 diagnostics.<sup id="cite_ref-ThorpyClassification_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThorpyClassification-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, a pocket version of the ICSD-2 was released. In this version, a pediatric section was added listing the following diagnostic categories: </p> <ol><li>Behavioural Insomnia in Childhood <ol><li>Onset Type</li> <li>Limit Setting Type</li></ol></li> <li>Primary Sleep Apnea of Infancy</li> <li>Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Pediatric</li> <li>Congenital Central Alveolar Hypoventilation Syndrome</li> <li>Sleep <a href="/wiki/Enuresis" title="Enuresis">Enuresis</a></li> <li>Restless Legs Syndrome</li> <li>Sleep-related Rhythmic Movement Disorder</li></ol> <p>However, this classification brought some confusion into the field, which led to the revision of the classification in 2011. The classification was much more discussed by experts of the field and led to the third edition of the ICSD. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ICSD-3_(2014)_and_ICSD-3-TR_(2023)"><span id="ICSD-3_.282014.29_and_ICSD-3-TR_.282023.29"></span>ICSD-3 (2014) and ICSD-3-TR (2023)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: ICSD-3 (2014) and ICSD-3-TR (2023)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The revision of the ICSD-2 was firstly made by the AASM and other International Societies. This revision integrates pediatric diagnosis into clinical adult diagnosis (except for <a href="/wiki/Obstructive_sleep_apnea" title="Obstructive sleep apnea">obstructive sleep apnea</a>) and led to the third edition of the ICSD, which was released in 2014. </p><p>ICSD-3 includes specific diagnoses within the seven major categories, as well as an appendix for classification of sleep disorders associated with medical and neurologic disorders. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM) codes corresponding to each specific diagnosis can be found within the ICSD-3.<sup id="cite_ref-icsd3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icsd3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, pediatric diagnoses are not distinguished from adult diagnoses except for sleep-related breathing disorders.<sup id="cite_ref-icsd3highlights_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icsd3highlights-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, significant changes have been made in the nosology of insomnia, narcolepsy and parasomnia. Primary vs. secondary (i.e. comorbid) insomnia has been reunited into a single disorder: chronic insomnia. Narcolepsy has been divided into narcolepsy type 1 and narcolepsy type 2. These two types are distinguished by the presence or absence of cataplexy and the cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 level. Concerning parasomnia, the sections have been modified, grouping together common features. Finally, a section on treatment-emerging CSA has been added to the CSA syndromes section.<sup id="cite_ref-icsd3highlights_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icsd3highlights-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It also discusses common <i>isolated symptoms and normal variants</i>. Some occur during normal sleep: as an example, sleep talking occurs at some time in most normal sleepers. Some lie on the continuum between normal and abnormal: as an example, snoring without associated airway compromise, sleep disturbance, or other consequences is essentially normal, whereas heavy snoring is often part of obstructive sleep apnea. </p><p>Furthermore, some features are no longer disorders and are reunited in <i>The</i> <i>AASM [American Academy of Sleep Medicine] Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications</i>. Therefore, ICSD permanently refers to this manual. The latter allows, for instance, to find definitions of polysomnography or specific features.<sup id="cite_ref-icsd3highlights_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icsd3highlights-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ICSD-3 counts 383 pages for 83 disorders. It is divided into 7 main categories: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1._Insomnia">1. <a href="/wiki/Insomnia" title="Insomnia">Insomnia</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1. Insomnia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Chronic insomnia disorder</li> <li>Short-term insomnia disorder</li> <li>Other insomnia (when the patient has insomnia symptoms but does not meet criteria for the other two types of insomnia)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Isolated_symptoms_and_normal_variants">Isolated symptoms and normal variants</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Isolated symptoms and normal variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2._Sleep-related_breathing_disorders">2. Sleep-related breathing disorders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2. Sleep-related breathing disorders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Obstructive_sleep_apnea_(OSA)_syndromes"><span id="Obstructive_sleep_apnea_.28OSA.29_syndromes"></span><a href="/wiki/Obstructive_sleep_apnea" title="Obstructive sleep apnea">Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndromes</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndromes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>OSA, adult</li> <li>OSA, pediatric</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Central_sleep_apnea_syndromes"><a href="/wiki/Central_sleep_apnea" title="Central sleep apnea">Central sleep apnea syndromes</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Central sleep apnea syndromes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Central sleep apnea with Cheyne-Stokes breathing</li> <li>Central sleep apnea due a medical disorder without Cheyne-Stokes breathing</li> <li>Central sleep apnea due to high altitude periodic breathing</li> <li>Central sleep apnea due to a medication or substance</li> <li>Primary central sleep apnea</li> <li>Primary central sleep apnea of infancy</li> <li>Primary central sleep apnea of prematurity</li> <li>Treatment-emergent central sleep apnea</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sleep-related_hypoventilation_disorders">Sleep-related hypoventilation disorders</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sleep-related hypoventilation disorders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Obesity hypoventilation syndrome</li> <li>Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome</li> <li>Late-onset central hypoventilation with hypothalamic dysfunction</li> <li>Idiopathic central alveolar hypoventilation</li> <li>Sleep-related hypoventilation due to a medication or substance</li> <li>Sleep-related hypoventilation due to a medical disorder</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sleep-related_hypoxemia_disorder">Sleep-related hypoxemia disorder</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sleep-related hypoxemia disorder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Isolated_symptoms_and_normal_variants_2">Isolated symptoms and normal variants</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Isolated symptoms and normal variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Snoring" title="Snoring">Snoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catathrenia" title="Catathrenia">Catathrenia</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="3._Central_disorders_of_hypersomnolence">3. Central disorders of hypersomnolence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 3. Central disorders of hypersomnolence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Narcolepsy" title="Narcolepsy">Narcolepsy</a> type 1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcolepsy" title="Narcolepsy">Narcolepsy</a> type 2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idiopathic_hypersomnia" title="Idiopathic hypersomnia">Idiopathic hypersomnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleine%E2%80%93Levin_syndrome" title="Kleine–Levin syndrome">Kleine-Levin syndrome</a></li> <li>Hypersomnia due to a medical disorder</li> <li>Hypersomnia due to a medication or substance</li> <li>Hypersomnia associated with a psychiatric disorder</li> <li>Insufficient sleep syndrome</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="4._Circadian_rhythm_sleep-wake_disorders">4. Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 4. Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Delayed_sleep_phase_disorder" title="Delayed sleep phase disorder">Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_sleep_phase_disorder" title="Advanced sleep phase disorder">Advanced sleep-wake phase disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irregular_sleep%E2%80%93wake_rhythm" class="mw-redirect" title="Irregular sleep–wake rhythm">Irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-24-hour_sleep-wake_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder">Non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shift_work_sleep_disorder" title="Shift work sleep disorder">Shift work disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_lag" title="Jet lag">Jet lag disorder</a></li> <li>Circadian sleep-wake disorder not otherwise specified</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="5._Parasomnias">5. <a href="/wiki/Parasomnia" title="Parasomnia">Parasomnias</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 5. Parasomnias"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="NREM-related_parasomnias">NREM-related parasomnias</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: NREM-related parasomnias"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Confusional_arousals" class="mw-redirect" title="Confusional arousals">Confusional arousals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepwalking" title="Sleepwalking">Sleepwalking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_terror" title="Night terror">Sleep terrors</a></li> <li>Sleep-related eating disorder</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="REM-related_parasomnias">REM-related parasomnias</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: REM-related parasomnias"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>REM sleep behavior disorder</li> <li>Recurrent isolated <a href="/wiki/Sleep_paralysis" title="Sleep paralysis">sleep paralysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightmare" title="Nightmare">Nightmare</a> disorder</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_parasomnias">Other parasomnias</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Other parasomnias"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Exploding_head_syndrome" title="Exploding head syndrome">Exploding head syndrome</a></li> <li>Sleep-related hallucinations</li> <li>Sleep <a href="/wiki/Nocturnal_enuresis" title="Nocturnal enuresis">enuresis</a></li> <li>Parasomnia due to a medical disorder</li> <li>Parasomnia due to a medication or substance</li> <li>Parasomnia, unspecified</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Isolated_symptoms_and_normal_variants_3">Isolated symptoms and normal variants</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Isolated symptoms and normal variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Sleep talking</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="6._Sleep-related_movement_disorders">6. Sleep-related movement disorders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 6. Sleep-related movement disorders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Restless_legs_syndrome" title="Restless legs syndrome">Restless legs syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodic_limb_movement_disorder" title="Periodic limb movement disorder">Periodic limb movement disorder</a></li> <li>Sleep-related leg <a href="/wiki/Cramps_in_the_Leg" class="mw-redirect" title="Cramps in the Leg">cramps</a></li> <li>Sleep-related <a href="/wiki/Bruxism" title="Bruxism">bruxism</a></li> <li>Sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder</li> <li>Benign sleep <a href="/wiki/Myoclonus" title="Myoclonus">myoclonus</a> of infancy</li> <li>Propriospinal myoclonus at sleep onset</li> <li>Sleep-related movement disorder due to a medical disorder</li> <li>Sleep-related movement disorder due to a medication or substance</li> <li>Sleep-related movement disorder, unspecified</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Isolated_symptoms_and_normal_variants_4">Isolated symptoms and normal variants</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Isolated symptoms and normal variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Excessive fragmentary myoclonus</li> <li>Hypnagogic foot tremor and alternating leg muscle activation</li> <li>Sleep starts (hypnic jerks)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="7._Other_sleep_disorders">7. Other sleep disorders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 7. Other sleep disorders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other sleep-related symptoms or events that do not meet the standard definition of a sleep disorder. </p><p>In 2023, the AASM revised the third edition with the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, third edition, text revision (ICSD-3-TR).<sup id="cite_ref-icsd3tr_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icsd3tr-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="See_also">See also</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_sleep_disorders" title="Classification of sleep disorders">Classification of sleep disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronotype" title="Chronotype">Chronotypes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_health_effects" class="mw-redirect" title="Noise health effects">Noise health effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polysomnography" title="Polysomnography">Polysomnography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polysomnographic_technician" class="mw-redirect" title="Polysomnographic technician">Polysomnographic technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversed_vegetative_symptoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Reversed vegetative symptoms">Reversed vegetative symptoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_hygiene" title="Sleep hygiene">Sleep hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_medicine" title="Sleep medicine">Sleep medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_study" title="Sleep study">Sleep study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundowning_(dementia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundowning (dementia)">Sundowning (dementia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_noise_machine" title="White noise machine">White noise machine</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ICSD-R-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ICSD-R_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICSD-R_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Academy_of_Sleep_Medicine2001" class="citation book cs1">American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726034931/http://www.esst.org/adds/ICSD.pdf"><i>International Classification of Sleep Disorders, revised (ICSD-R)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Sleep Disorders Association. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9657220-1-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-9657220-1-5"><bdi>0-9657220-1-5</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esst.org/adds/ICSD.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-07-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Classification+of+Sleep+Disorders%2C+revised+%28ICSD-R%29&rft.pub=American+Sleep+Disorders+Association&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-9657220-1-5&rft.au=American+Academy+of+Sleep+Medicine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esst.org%2Fadds%2FICSD.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Classification+of+Sleep+Disorders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward_P._Roffwarg1979" class="citation journal cs1">Howard P. Roffwarg (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fsleep%2F2.1.1">"Diagnostic classification of sleep and arousal disorders. 1979 first edition. Association of Sleep Disorders Centers and the Association for the Psychophysiological Study of Sleep"</a>. <i>Sleep</i>. <b>2</b> (1): 1–154. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fsleep%2F2.1.1">10.1093/sleep/2.1.1</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/531417">531417</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sleep&rft.atitle=Diagnostic+classification+of+sleep+and+arousal+disorders.+1979+first+edition.+Association+of+Sleep+Disorders+Centers+and+the+Association+for+the+Psychophysiological+Study+of+Sleep.&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-154&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fsleep%2F2.1.1&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F531417&rft.au=Howard+P.+Roffwarg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fsleep%252F2.1.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Classification+of+Sleep+Disorders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorpy1990" class="citation journal cs1">Thorpy, M. J. (1990-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3480567">"Classification of sleep disorders"</a>. <i>Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology</i>. <b>7</b> (1): 67–81. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00004691-199001000-00006">10.1097/00004691-199001000-00006</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0736-0258">0736-0258</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3480567">3480567</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2406285">2406285</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Neurophysiology&rft.atitle=Classification+of+sleep+disorders&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=67-81&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3480567%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0736-0258&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2406285&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F00004691-199001000-00006&rft.aulast=Thorpy&rft.aufirst=M.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3480567&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Classification+of+Sleep+Disorders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Academy_of_Sleep_Medicine2005" class="citation book cs1">American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2005). <i>International Classification of Sleep Disorders, second edition (ICSD-2)</i>. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9657220-2-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-9657220-2-3"><bdi>0-9657220-2-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Classification+of+Sleep+Disorders%2C+second+edition+%28ICSD-2%29&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Sleep+Medicine&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-9657220-2-3&rft.au=American+Academy+of+Sleep+Medicine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Classification+of+Sleep+Disorders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-icsd3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-icsd3_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icsd3_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Academy_of_Sleep_Medicine2014" class="citation book cs1">American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aasmnet.org/library/default.aspx?id=9"><i>International Classification of Sleep Disorders, third edition (ICSD-3)</i></a>. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0991543410" title="Special:BookSources/978-0991543410"><bdi>978-0991543410</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Classification+of+Sleep+Disorders%2C+third+edition+%28ICSD-3%29&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Sleep+Medicine&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0991543410&rft.au=American+Academy+of+Sleep+Medicine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aasmnet.org%2Flibrary%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fid%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Classification+of+Sleep+Disorders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-icsd3tr-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-icsd3tr_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icsd3tr_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Academy_of_Sleep_Medicine2023" class="citation book cs1">American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aasm.org/clinical-resources/international-classification-sleep-disorders/"><i>International Classification of Sleep Disorders, third edition, text revision (ICSD-3-TR)</i></a>. American Academy Of Sleep Medicine. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9657220-9-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9657220-9-4"><bdi>978-0-9657220-9-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Classification+of+Sleep+Disorders%2C+third+edition%2C+text+revision+%28ICSD-3-TR%29&rft.pub=American+Academy+Of+Sleep+Medicine&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-9657220-9-4&rft.au=American+Academy+of+Sleep+Medicine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faasm.org%2Fclinical-resources%2Finternational-classification-sleep-disorders%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Classification+of+Sleep+Disorders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ThorpyClassification-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ThorpyClassification_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ThorpyClassification_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorpy2012" class="citation journal cs1">Thorpy, Michael J (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3480567">"Classification of Sleep Disorders"</a>. <i>Neurotherapeutics</i>. <b>9</b> (4): 687–701. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13311-012-0145-6">10.1007/s13311-012-0145-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3480567">3480567</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22976557">22976557</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotherapeutics&rft.atitle=Classification+of+Sleep+Disorders&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=687-701&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3480567%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22976557&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs13311-012-0145-6&rft.aulast=Thorpy&rft.aufirst=Michael+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3480567&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Classification+of+Sleep+Disorders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-icsd3highlights-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-icsd3highlights_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icsd3highlights_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icsd3highlights_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSateia2014" class="citation journal cs1">Sateia, Michael J. (2014-11-01). "International classification of sleep disorders-third edition: highlights and modifications". <i>Chest</i>. <b>146</b> (5): 1387–1394. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1378%2Fchest.14-0970">10.1378/chest.14-0970</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1931-3543">1931-3543</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25367475">25367475</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chest&rft.atitle=International+classification+of+sleep+disorders-third+edition%3A+highlights+and+modifications&rft.volume=146&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1387-1394&rft.date=2014-11-01&rft.issn=1931-3543&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25367475&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1378%2Fchest.14-0970&rft.aulast=Sateia&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Classification+of+Sleep+Disorders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width:100%; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666423" class="extiw" title="d:Q1666423">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/E66.2">E66.2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/F51">F51</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/G47">G47</a>,</li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes" title="List of ICD-9 codes">9-CM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=278.03">278.03</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=307.4">307.4</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=327">327</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=780.5">780.5</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D012893">D012893</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Diseases_Database" title="Diseases Database">DiseasesDB</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb26877.htm">26877</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">External resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000800.htm">000800</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/EMedicine" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emedicine.medscape.com/med/609-overview">med/609</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Medical_classification" title="Template:Medical classification"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Medical_classification" title="Template talk:Medical classification"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Medical_classification" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Medical classification"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medical_classification" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_classification" title="Medical classification">Medical classification</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Topographical_code" title="Topographical code">Topographical codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federative_International_Committee_on_Anatomical_Terminology" class="mw-redirect" title="Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology">Terminologia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Histologica" title="Terminologia Histologica">TH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Embryologica" title="Terminologia Embryologica">TE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematized_Nomenclature_of_Medicine#T_(Topography)_--_Anatomic_terms" title="Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine">SNOMED T axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH A axis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diagnosis_code" title="Diagnosis code">Diagnostic codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>general:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Classification_of_Diseases" title="International Classification of Diseases">ICD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ICD-11" title="ICD-11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICD-9" class="mw-redirect" title="ICD-9">9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Classification_of_Primary_Care" title="International Classification of Primary Care">ICPC-2</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionnaire_des_r%C3%A9sultats_de_consultation" class="extiw" title="fr:Dictionnaire des résultats de consultation">DRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NANDA" class="mw-redirect" title="NANDA">NANDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Read_code" title="Read code">Read codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematized_Nomenclature_of_Medicine" title="Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine">SNOMED D axis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>specialized:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Classification_of_Diseases_for_Oncology" title="International Classification of Diseases for Oncology">ICD-O</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ICSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Classification_of_Headache_Disorders" title="International Classification of Headache Disorders">ICHD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_International_League_of_Dermatological_Societies" title="The International League of Dermatological Societies">ILDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagnostic_and_Statistical_Manual_of_Mental_Disorders" title="Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders">DSM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DSM-IV_codes" class="mw-redirect" title="DSM-IV codes">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSM-5" title="DSM-5">5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Pediatric_Association_Classification_of_Diseases" title="British Pediatric Association Classification of Diseases">BPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Classification_of_Mental_Disorders" title="Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders">CCMD-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchard_Sports_Injury_and_Illness_Classification_System_(OSIICS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System (OSIICS)">OSIICS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Procedure_code" title="Procedure code">Procedural codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_Common_Procedure_Coding_System" title="Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System">HCPCS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Current_Procedural_Terminology" title="Current Procedural Terminology">CPT</a>, <a href="/wiki/HCPCS_Level_2" title="HCPCS Level 2">Level 2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ICD-10_Procedure_Coding_System" title="ICD-10 Procedure Coding System">10 PCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICD-9-CM_Volume_3" title="ICD-9-CM Volume 3">9-CM Volume 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Classification_of_Health_Interventions" title="International Classification of Health Interventions">ICHI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_Interventions_Classification" title="Nursing Interventions Classification">NIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematized_Nomenclature_of_Medicine" title="Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine">SNOMED P axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPS-301" title="OPS-301">OPS-301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Read_code" title="Read code">Read codes</a>/<a href="/wiki/OPCS-4" title="OPCS-4">OPCS-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_Commune_des_Actes_M%C3%A9dicaux" title="Classification Commune des Actes Médicaux">CCAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LOINC" title="LOINC">LOINC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_code" title="Pharmaceutical code">Pharmaceutical codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_drug_code" title="National drug code">NDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematized_Nomenclature_of_Medicine" title="Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine">SNOMED C axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Identification_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug Identification Number">DIN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outcomes codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_Outcomes_Classification" title="Nursing Outcomes Classification">NOC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&oldid=1258202614">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders&oldid=1258202614</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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