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title="Schwartzia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schwartzia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartzia" title="Schwartzia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Schwartzia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartzia" title="Schwartzia – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Schwartzia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartzia" title="Schwartzia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Schwartzia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartzia" title="Schwartzia – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Schwartzia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2253277#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Schwartzia</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:NoranteaBrasiliensis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/NoranteaBrasiliensis.jpg/220px-NoranteaBrasiliensis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/NoranteaBrasiliensis.jpg/330px-NoranteaBrasiliensis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/NoranteaBrasiliensis.jpg/440px-NoranteaBrasiliensis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i>Norantea brasiliensis</i> (synonym of <i>Schwartzia brasiliensis</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Schwartzia_(plant)" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ericales" title="Ericales">Ericales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marcgraviaceae" title="Marcgraviaceae">Marcgraviaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Schwartzia</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mariano_de_Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Vellozo" title="José Mariano de Conceição Vellozo">Vell.</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul class="taxonlist"><li><i>Caracasia</i> <small>Szyszyl. </small></li><li><i>Vargasia</i> <small>Ernst </small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Schwartzia</b></i> is a genus of <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> belonging to the family <a href="/wiki/Marcgraviaceae" title="Marcgraviaceae">Marcgraviaceae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-POWO_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POWO-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is found in tropical parts of South America, mainly within the <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">rainforest</a>. It has greenish, white, reddish or red coloured flowers. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_(plant)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>They are sprawling shrubs, <a href="/wiki/Lianas" class="mw-redirect" title="Lianas">lianas</a>, and sometimes small trees.<sup id="cite_ref-Kubitzk_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kubitzk-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dressler_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dressler-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leaves are spirally arranged,<sup id="cite_ref-Dressler_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dressler-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sessility_(botany)" title="Sessility (botany)">sessile</a> (without a stalk) or <a href="/wiki/Petiole_(botany)" title="Petiole (botany)">petiolate</a> (having a leaf stalk).<sup id="cite_ref-Kubitzk_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kubitzk-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are coriaceous (leathery or stiff and tough),<sup id="cite_ref-Dressler_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dressler-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has inflorescences which are short <a href="/wiki/Racemes" class="mw-redirect" title="Racemes">racemes</a> with between 8-60 flowers,<sup id="cite_ref-Dressler_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dressler-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (though <i>Schwartzia brasiliensis</i> has long racemes of between 60 and 300 flowers).<sup id="cite_ref-Kubitzk_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kubitzk-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have straight, rarely geniculate (bent at a sharp angle), slender or stout,<sup id="cite_ref-Dressler_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dressler-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and elongated <a href="/wiki/Pedicels" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedicels">pedicels</a> (flower stalks), which are between 1.4–9 cm (1–4 in), depending on the species.<sup id="cite_ref-Kubitzk_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kubitzk-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Nectary" class="mw-redirect" title="Nectary">nectaries</a> are <a href="/wiki/Adnation" title="Adnation">adnate</a> (grown from or closely fused to an organ) to the lower third of the pedicel, mostly stipitate (stalked or borne on a stipe), cup-like, sac-like or boat shaped.<sup id="cite_ref-Kubitzk_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kubitzk-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flowers have 5 sepals and 5 petals,<sup id="cite_ref-Kubitzk_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kubitzk-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dressler_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dressler-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which are <a href="/wiki/Connation" title="Connation">connate</a> (or fused to another organ) and greenish, white, reddish or red in colour shades.<sup id="cite_ref-Kubitzk_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kubitzk-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 5 imbricated (or tiled, overlapping) sepals are generally circular in shape. They form a <a href="/wiki/Quincunx" title="Quincunx">quincunx</a> and are coriaceous (leathery, stiff and tough). The 5 petals are free to variously connate, imbricate in bud and strongly reflexed (bent) at anthesis (after flowering).<sup id="cite_ref-Dressler_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dressler-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has 12–85 <a href="/wiki/Stamens" class="mw-redirect" title="Stamens">stamens</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Dressler_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dressler-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the filaments (stamen stalks) mostly free or the outer whorl basally adnate (fused together) to the corolla, linear, flattened or somewhat triangular.<sup id="cite_ref-Kubitzk_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kubitzk-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dressler_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dressler-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Anther" class="mw-redirect" title="Anther">anthers</a> are approximately sagittate (arrowhead-shaped),<sup id="cite_ref-Dressler_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dressler-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or heart-shaped.<sup id="cite_ref-Kubitzk_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kubitzk-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Thecae" class="mw-redirect" title="Thecae">thecae</a> are elongated.<sup id="cite_ref-Dressler_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dressler-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ovary_(botany)" title="Ovary (botany)">ovary</a> has 3 or 5 fused carpels,<sup id="cite_ref-Kubitzk_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kubitzk-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or seed chambers and few to numerous ovules per locule or chamber. The <a href="/wiki/Stigma_(botany)" title="Stigma (botany)">stigma</a> is smooth or slightly capitate (like the head of a pin) or radiate.<sup id="cite_ref-Dressler_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dressler-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After flowering it produces a leathery looking,<sup id="cite_ref-Dressler_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dressler-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fruit or seed capsule, which is almost globose (spherical) or berry-like (when immature). When ripe, they are often red or orange in color or just suffused with red. The fruits are sometimes also referred to as 'berries'.<sup id="cite_ref-Hammel_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hammel-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inside the capule, the seeds are reniform (kidney-shaped) to hemispheric. The testa (seed coat) is reticulate (net-like) and red-black or glossy, shiny black.<sup id="cite_ref-Dressler_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dressler-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hammel_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hammel-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_(plant)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The flowers of the various <i>Schwartzia</i> species are visited by bees, wasps, ants and also, butterflies. However, the construction of the inflorescences with the large distances between the flowers and the nectaries excludes <a href="/wiki/Pollination" title="Pollination">pollination</a> by insects, since even the largest insects do not touch the flower organs when harvesting the nectaries. Therefore, only birds, bats and other small mammals can be considered effective pollinators.<sup id="cite_ref-Giraldo_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giraldo-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among birds, only perched birds such as the <a href="/wiki/Sugarbird" title="Sugarbird">sugarbird</a> (<i>Promerops</i>) are considered more suitable for pollination rather than hummingbirds. From Brazil, however, pollination of <i>Schwartzia adamantium</i> by the swallow-tailed hummingbird (<i><a href="/wiki/Eupetomena_macroura" class="mw-redirect" title="Eupetomena macroura">Eupetomena macroura</a></i>) is documented.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_(plant)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The genus name of <i>Schwartzia</i> is in honour of <a href="/wiki/Olof_Swartz" title="Olof Swartz">Olof Swartz</a> (1760–1818), a Swedish botanist and taxonomist. He is best known for his taxonomic work and studies into <a href="/wiki/Pteridophytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pteridophytes">pteridophytes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was first described and published in Fl. Flumin. Vol. 5 on page 221 in 1829.<sup id="cite_ref-POWO_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POWO-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Schwartzia glabra</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Vell.</span> was the only species discussed there and thus became the type species. However, the same species was validly described as early as 1824 under the name <i>Norantea brasiliensis</i> by the Swiss botanist <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Denys_Choisy" title="Jacques Denys Choisy">Jacques Denys Choisy</a> and is therefore now called <i>Schwartzia brasiliensis</i>. </p><p><i>Schwartzia</i> was treated as part of a broad genus of <i>Norantea</i> until the mid-1990s. The species of today's genera <i>Marcgraviastrum</i>, <i>Pseudosarcopera</i> and <i>Sarcopera</i> were also counted within <i>Norantea</i>. Beginning with the unpublished dissertation by the American botanist Hollis G. Bedell from 1985,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which a division of the genus <i>Norantea</i> was proposed, a classification concept with several smaller genera has now prevailed. <i>Schwartzia</i> includes the former subgenus of <i>Cochliophyllum</i> and partially the subgenus <i>Byrsophyllum</i> of the genus <i>Norantea</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Giraldo_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giraldo-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast to Norantea, Schwartzia has relatively short-stalked or sessile nectaries on the lower to middle part of the relatively long flower stalks. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogenetic">phylogenetic</a> study in 2002, was based on three regions of the <a href="/wiki/Plastid" title="Plastid">plastid</a> genome, has now confirmed that <i>Norantea</i> is not <a href="/wiki/Monophyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophyletic">monophyletic</a> in the old, broad sense. In this work, <i>Schwartzia costaricensis</i>, the only examined representative of <i>Schwartzia</i>, was the 'sister' taxon to <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruyschia_phylladenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruyschia phylladenia (page does not exist)">Ruyschia phylladenia</a></i>, the only examined representative of <i>Ruyschia</i>, with good statistical certainty.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Known_species">Known species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_(plant)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Known species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Kew and <a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-POWO_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POWO-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_adamantium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwartzia adamantium (page does not exist)">Schwartzia adamantium</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Cambess.) Bedell ex Gir.-Cañas</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_andina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwartzia andina (page does not exist)">Schwartzia andina</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Gir.-Cañas</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_antioquensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwartzia antioquensis (page does not exist)">Schwartzia antioquensis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Gir.-Cañas</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_brasiliensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwartzia brasiliensis (page does not exist)">Schwartzia brasiliensis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Choisy) Bedell ex Gir.-Cañas</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_brenesii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwartzia brenesii (page does not exist)">Schwartzia brenesii</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Standl.) Bedell</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_chocoensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwartzia chocoensis (page does not exist)">Schwartzia chocoensis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Gir.-Cañas</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_costaricensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwartzia costaricensis (page does not exist)">Schwartzia costaricensis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Gilg) Bedell</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_diaz-piedrahitae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwartzia diaz-piedrahitae (page does not exist)">Schwartzia diaz-piedrahitae</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Gir.-Cañas</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_geniculatiflora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwartzia geniculatiflora (page does not exist)">Schwartzia geniculatiflora</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Gir.-Cañas & Fiaschi</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_jimenezii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwartzia jimenezii (page does not exist)">Schwartzia jimenezii</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Standl.) Bedell</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_jucuensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwartzia jucuensis (page does not exist)">Schwartzia jucuensis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Gir.-Cañas</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_lozaniana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwartzia lozaniana (page does not exist)">Schwartzia lozaniana</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Gir.-Cañas</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_magnifica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwartzia magnifica (page does not exist)">Schwartzia magnifica</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Gilg) Bedell</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_parrae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwartzia parrae (page does not exist)">Schwartzia parrae</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Gir.-Cañas</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_petersonii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwartzia petersonii (page does not exist)">Schwartzia petersonii</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Gir.-Cañas</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_pterosara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwartzia pterosara (page does not exist)">Schwartzia pterosara</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">de Roon & Bedell ex Gir.-Cañas</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_renvoizei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwartzia renvoizei (page does not exist)">Schwartzia renvoizei</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Gir.-Cañas</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_spiciflora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwartzia spiciflora (page does not exist)">Schwartzia spiciflora</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Juss.) Bedell</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_tarrazuensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwartzia tarrazuensis (page does not exist)">Schwartzia tarrazuensis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Hammel</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_weddelliana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwartzia weddelliana (page does not exist)">Schwartzia weddelliana</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Baill.) Bedell</span></li></ul> <p><i>Schwartzia diazpiedrahitae</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Gir.-Cañas</span> from western Colombia and Ecuador, which was only described in 2001, was then transferred to the genus <i>Pseudosarcopera</i> as <i>Pseudosarcopera diaz-piedrahitae</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but when that genus was declared a synonym of <i><a href="/wiki/Sarcopera" title="Sarcopera">Sarcopera</a></i> it was transferred back to <i>Schwartzia diazpiedrahitae</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Gir.-Cañas</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_(plant)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Its native range is in Tropical America. It is found within Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Leeward Islands, Panamá, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela and the Windward Islands.<sup id="cite_ref-POWO_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POWO-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Habitat">Habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_(plant)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority of <i>Schwartzia</i> species grow in montane rainforests and <a href="/wiki/Cloud_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloud forests">cloud forests</a>. <i>Schwartzia costaricensis</i> and <i>Schwartzia andina</i> reach altitudes of up to around 2,400 metres (7,900 ft), while the Peruvian-based, <i>Schwartzia magnifica</i> reaches up to 2,500 metres (8,200 ft). Only a few species, in particular the Colombian <i>Schwartzia chocoensis</i>, also occur in lowland rainforests. Several species also inhabit secondary forests and forest edges. <i>Schwartzia chocoensis</i> is also found in <a href="/wiki/Mangroves" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangroves">mangroves</a> and on the banks of large rivers. </p><p>The Brazilian species show clearly different habitat requirements. Only the very rare <i>Schwartzia geniculatiflora</i> is tied to the Atlantic rainforest. The other species, on the other hand, occur in different types of savannas and scrub forests as well as on rocky sites. <i>Schwartzia adamantium</i> inhabits the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Campos_cerrados&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campos cerrados (page does not exist)">Campos cerrados</a> in particular and reaches an altitude of 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) above sea level, depending on its distribution inland. <i>Schwartzia brasiliensis</i>, instead, occurs along the coast up to about 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above sea level and inhabits scrub forests and savannahs on rocky sites. But in coastal landscape, where it grows in scrub forests on sandy soil and along its margins. The species also occurs in mangrove forests. <i>Schwartzia jucuensisis</i> is known only from the rocky banks of the <a href="/wiki/Jucu_River" title="Jucu River">Jucu River</a> in the state of <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo">Espírito Santo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dressler_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dressler-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_(plant)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-POWO-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-POWO_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-POWO_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-POWO_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-POWO_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30088199-2">"<i>Schwartzia</i> Vell. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"</a>. <i>Plants of the World Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Plants+of+the+World+Online&rft.atitle=Schwartzia+Vell.+%7C+Plants+of+the+World+Online+%7C+Kew+Science&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpowo.science.kew.org%2Ftaxon%2Furn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A30088199-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchwartzia+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kubitzk-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kubitzk_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kubitzk_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kubitzk_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kubitzk_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kubitzk_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kubitzk_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kubitzk_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kubitzk_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kubitzk_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kubitzk_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Klaus Kubitzk <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O-tHGAaaf2cC&pg=PA263">The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants: Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons: Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. (2004)</a></i>, p. 263, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dressler-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dressler_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dressler_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dressler_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dressler_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dressler_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dressler_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dressler_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dressler_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dressler_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dressler_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dressler_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dressler_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dressler_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dressler_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dressler_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDressler2020" class="citation web cs1">Dressler, S. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB103321">"Marcgraviaceae in Flora do Brasil 2020"</a>. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marcgraviaceae+in+Flora+do+Brasil+2020&rft.pub=Jardim+Bot%C3%A2nico+do+Rio+de+Janeiro&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Dressler&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffloradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br%2Freflora%2Ffloradobrasil%2FFB103321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchwartzia+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hammel-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hammel_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hammel_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHammelGrayumHerreraZamora2007" class="citation book cs1">Hammel, B.E.; Grayum, M.H.; Herrera, C.; Zamora, N. (2007). <i>Manual de plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. VI: Dicotiledóneas (Haloragaceae–Phytolaccaceae)</i>. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. p. 374. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-930723-60-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-930723-60-3"><bdi>978-1-930723-60-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manual+de+plantas+de+Costa+Rica.+Vol.+VI%3A+Dicotiled%C3%B3neas+%28Haloragaceae%E2%80%93Phytolaccaceae%29&rft.pages=374&rft.pub=Missouri+Botanical+Garden+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-930723-60-3&rft.aulast=Hammel&rft.aufirst=B.E.&rft.au=Grayum%2C+M.H.&rft.au=Herrera%2C+C.&rft.au=Zamora%2C+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchwartzia+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giraldo-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giraldo_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giraldo_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGiraldo-Cañas2009" class="citation journal cs1">Giraldo-Cañas, D. (2009). "Revisión de las especies sudamericanas del género Schwartzia (Marcgraviaceae: complejo Norantea)". <i>Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas</i>. <b>3</b>: <span class="nowrap">693–</span>695.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Botanical+Research+Institute+of+Texas&rft.atitle=Revisi%C3%B3n+de+las+especies+sudamericanas+del+g%C3%A9nero+Schwartzia+%28Marcgraviaceae%3A+complejo+Norantea%29.&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E693-%3C%2Fspan%3E695&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Giraldo-Ca%C3%B1as&rft.aufirst=D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchwartzia+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArrudaCabrelli_Sallesde_Oliveira2007" class="citation journal cs1">Arruda, R.; Cabrelli Salles, J.; de Oliveira, P.E. (2007). "Hummingbird pollination in <i>Schwartzia adamantium</i> (Marcgraviaceae) in an area of Brazilian savanna". <i>Revista Brasileira de Zoociências</i>. <b>9</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">193–</span>198.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Brasileira+de+Zooci%C3%AAncias&rft.atitle=Hummingbird+pollination+in+Schwartzia+adamantium+%28Marcgraviaceae%29+in+an+area+of+Brazilian+savanna&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E193-%3C%2Fspan%3E198&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Arruda&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Cabrelli+Salles%2C+J.&rft.au=de+Oliveira%2C+P.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchwartzia+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBurkhardt2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Burkhardt, Lotte (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3372/epolist2018"><i>Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen – Erweiterte Edition</i></a> [<i>Index of Eponymic Plant Names – Extended Edition</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span> (in German). Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3372%2Fepolist2018">10.3372/epolist2018</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-946292-26-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-946292-26-5"><bdi>978-3-946292-26-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:187926901">187926901</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Verzeichnis+eponymischer+Pflanzennamen+%E2%80%93+Erweiterte+Edition&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Botanic+Garden+and+Botanical+Museum%2C+Freie+Universit%C3%A4t+Berlin&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A187926901%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3372%2Fepolist2018&rft.isbn=978-3-946292-26-5&rft.aulast=Burkhardt&rft.aufirst=Lotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3372%2Fepolist2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchwartzia+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">HG Bedell: A generic revision of Marcgraviaceae I. The Norantea complex. PhD dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park 1985.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWardPrice2002" class="citation journal cs1">Ward, N.M.; Price, R.A. (2002). "Phylogenetic relationships of Marcgraviaceae: insights from three chloroplast genes". <i><a href="/wiki/Systematic_Botany" title="Systematic Botany">Systematic Botany</a></i>. <b>27</b>: <span class="nowrap">149–</span>160.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Systematic+Botany&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+relationships+of+Marcgraviaceae%3A+insights+from+three+chloroplast+genes.&rft.volume=27&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E149-%3C%2Fspan%3E160&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=N.M.&rft.au=Price%2C+R.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchwartzia+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGiraldo-Cañas2007" class="citation journal cs1">Giraldo-Cañas, D. (2007). "Un nuevo género de la familia neotropical Marcgraviaceae (Ericales) y circunscripción del complejo Norantea". <i>Caldasia</i>. <b>29</b>: <span class="nowrap">203–</span>217.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Caldasia&rft.atitle=Un+nuevo+g%C3%A9nero+de+la+familia+neotropical+Marcgraviaceae+%28Ericales%29+y+circunscripci%C3%B3n+del+complejo+Norantea.&rft.volume=29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E203-%3C%2Fspan%3E217&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Giraldo-Ca%C3%B1as&rft.aufirst=D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchwartzia+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernal, R., G. Galeano, A. Rodríguez, H. Sarmiento y M. Gutiérrez. 2017. Nombres Comunes de las Plantas de Colombia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/nombrescomunes">http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/nombrescomunes</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_sources">Other sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_(plant)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>D. Giraldo-Cañas: Revisión de las especies colombianas del genero Schwartzia (Marcgraviaceae). Caldasia. 25, 2003, pp. 1–21. (PDF)</li> <li>D. Giraldo-Cañas: Validation of a new species of Schwartzia (Marcgraviaceae) and synopsis of the genus for Ecuador. Novon. 15, 2005, pp. 123–127. (on-line)</li> <li>D. Giraldo-Cañas: Lectotipificación para Schwartzia magnifica (complejo Norantea, Marcgraviaceae) and revisión del genero para Bolivia y Perú. Caldasia. 28, 2006, pp. 275–283. (on-line)</li> <li>D. Giraldo-Cañas: Las especies mesoamericanas y caribeñas del generos Schwartzia (complejo Norantea, Marcgraviaceae). Revista Institucional Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó. 27, 2008, pp. 4–18. (on-line)</li> <li>D. Giraldo-Cañas, P. Fiaschi: Las Marcgraviaceae (Ericales) de Brasil: Las esspecies del complejo Norantea. Caldasia. 27, 2005, pp. 173–194.</li> <li>Souza, V.C. 2015. Marcgraviaceae in Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Schwartzia</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2253277" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q2253277">Q2253277</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Schwartzia_(Marcgraviaceae)" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Schwartzia (Marcgraviaceae)">Schwartzia (Marcgraviaceae)</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/643GL">643GL</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/3234209">3234209</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=10936">10936</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/607289">607289</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/30088199-2">30088199-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1297425">1297425</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=164984">164984</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=765224">765224</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A30088199-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30088199-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/40033087">40033087</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-4000034639">wfo-4000034639</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_(plant)&oldid=1180092271">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schwartzia_(plant)&oldid=1180092271</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Marcgraviaceae" title="Category:Marcgraviaceae">Marcgraviaceae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ericales_genera" title="Category:Ericales genera">Ericales genera</a></li><li><a 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