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Beginning in the 1960s through the early 2000s, Gersten played a major role in shaping American drama and <a href="/wiki/Musical_theatre" title="Musical theatre">musical theatre</a>. </p><p>From 1960 to 1978, Gersten worked with <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Papp" title="Joseph Papp">Joseph Papp</a> as associate producer at the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Shakespeare_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Shakespeare Festival">New York Shakespeare Festival</a>. After leaving the NYSF, he served as executive producer of <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Center_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Center Theater">Lincoln Center Theater</a> from 1985 until he retired in 2013, where (with <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Mosher" title="Gregory Mosher">Gregory Mosher</a>, then with <a href="/wiki/Andre_Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Andre Bishop">Andre Bishop</a>) he oversaw over 150 productions. </p><p>In addition to receiving the <a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Perry" title="Antoinette Perry">Antoinette Perry</a> Award (The "<a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a>") for Lifetime Achievement in 2013, Gersten was the recipient of fifteen <a href="/wiki/Tony_Awards" title="Tony Awards">Tony Awards</a> for his productions. </p><p>He died from pancreatic cancer on April 27, 2020, at the age of 97.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Gersten&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gersten was the son of Henrietta (Henig) Gersten and Jacob Israel Gersten, a garment worker and chauffeur. Gersten grew up in <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark, New Jersey</a>, in a traditional Jewish immigrant household, crowded with relatives, his father Jacob holding the position of secretary at the local synagogue. Like his cohort, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Papp" title="Joseph Papp">Joseph Papp</a>, Gersten came to the theater from an unsophisticated middle-class background.<sup id="cite_ref-Gersten_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gersten-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a teenager, Gersten became interested in theater and acting during his time at <a href="/wiki/West_Side_High_School_(New_Jersey)" title="West Side High School (New Jersey)">West Side High School</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-Rothstein_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rothstein-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gersten was attending <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a> as the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> entered <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> following the Japanese attack on <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a>. He enlisted in the quartermaster corps and was stationed in Hawaii. He transitioned into special services after attending a performance on a base of <i><a href="/wiki/Macbeth" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a></i> featuring the theater stars <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Evans_(actor)" title="Maurice Evans (actor)">Maurice Evans</a> (a Captain) and <a href="/wiki/Dame_Judith_Anderson" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Judith Anderson">Dame Judith Anderson</a>. Working on productions in the military, he developed his skills as a stage manager and producer.<sup id="cite_ref-Gersten_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gersten-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rothstein_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rothstein-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career">Early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Gersten&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After World War II, Gersten got his <a href="/wiki/Equity_card" title="Equity card">Equity card</a> and began his professional career when <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Evans_(actor)" title="Maurice Evans (actor)">Maurice Evans</a> asked him to become the Assistant Stage Manager of the US tour of "GI Hamlet" – starring Evans. Following his first professional gig, Gersten joined the Actor's Lab in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, where he met his future colleague and co-producer, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Papp" title="Joseph Papp">Joseph Papp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gersten_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gersten-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Turan_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1950s, Gersten was hired by <a href="/wiki/John_Houseman" title="John Houseman">John Houseman</a> to work as a stage manager at the <a href="/wiki/American_Shakespeare_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="American Shakespeare Festival">American Shakespeare Festival</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stratford,_Connecticut" title="Stratford, Connecticut">Stratford, Connecticut</a>. He was active as a <a href="/wiki/Broadway_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadway production">Broadway production</a> stage manager at the <a href="/wiki/American_Shakespeare_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="American Shakespeare Festival">American Shakespeare Festival</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stratford,_Connecticut" title="Stratford, Connecticut">Stratford, Connecticut</a>. His last job was as a Production Stage Manager (PSM) to the first performances of <a href="/wiki/Funny_Girl_(musical)" title="Funny Girl (musical)">Funny Girl</a> starring <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gersten_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gersten-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rothstein_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rothstein-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the late 1940s and the 1950s, Gersten was politically active. He attended meetings of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party</a> and worked on union organizing. Both he and Joseph Papp worked on behalf of Vice President <a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry A. Wallace</a>’s unsuccessful bid for the presidency in 1948 (as the candidate of the Progressive Party). He was also active on behalf of the plight of <a href="/wiki/Julius_and_Ethel_Rosenberg" title="Julius and Ethel Rosenberg">Julius and Ethel Rosenberg</a>. In time, Gersten was investigated by the House Un-American Activities Committee and was required to appear before the committee in 1958. Gersten <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution#Self-incrimination" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">pled the 5th</a>. (Papp was also brought before the committee.) Though he was threatened with dismissal, Gersten did not lose his job because both <a href="/wiki/John_Houseman" title="John Houseman">John Houseman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a> spoke on his behalf.<sup id="cite_ref-Gersten_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gersten-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Epstein_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epstein-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_York_Shakespeare_Festival">New York Shakespeare Festival</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Gersten&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: New York Shakespeare Festival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1960, Joseph Papp invited Gersten to work with him at the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Shakespeare_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Shakespeare Festival">New York Shakespeare Festival</a>. The job as associate producer became a full-time job in 1964. This began a long partnership during which Papp and Gersten established the New York Shakespeare Festival (NYSF) at the old <a href="/wiki/Astor_Library" title="Astor Library">Astor Library</a> downtown while presenting a series of significant productions. During his tenure at the NYSF, it would become the pre-eminent non-profit theater in the United States. (Gersten would also produce at <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Center" title="Lincoln Center">Lincoln Center</a>’s <a href="/wiki/Vivian_Beaumont" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivian Beaumont">Vivian Beaumont</a> and Mitzi E. Newhouse (prior to 1973 the Forum) theaters during <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_the_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare in the Park">NYSF</a>’s tenure there between 1974 and 1977.) <sup id="cite_ref-Gersten_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gersten-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Turan_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Epstein_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epstein-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The eighteen year Papp/Gersten regime at the NYSF would usher in a bold new era of <a href="/wiki/Playwriting" class="mw-redirect" title="Playwriting">playwriting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Musical_theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical theater">musical theater</a>. Significant dramatists such as <a href="/wiki/Liz_Swados" class="mw-redirect" title="Liz Swados">Liz Swados</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Rabe" title="David Rabe">David Rabe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Shepard" title="Sam Shepard">Sam Shepard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennett_(theater)" title="Michael Bennett (theater)">Michael Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Foreman" title="Richard Foreman">Richard Foreman</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Guare" title="John Guare">John Guare</a> as well as major stage stars including <a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Waterston" title="Sam Waterston">Sam Waterston</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Herrmann" title="Edward Herrmann">Edward Herrmann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_C._Scott" title="George C. Scott">George C. Scott</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colleen_Dewhurst" title="Colleen Dewhurst">Colleen Dewhurst</a> (not to mention the visual artist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Brooks_Davis" title="Paul Brooks Davis">Paul Davis</a>), got their first national attention at the NYSF.<sup id="cite_ref-Turan_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Productions during this period alo included dozens of plays by <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> and free theater in <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a>. Notable productions during the Papp/Gersten era include an adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>’s <i><a href="/wiki/Two_Gentlemen_of_Verona" class="mw-redirect" title="Two Gentlemen of Verona">Two Gentlemen of Verona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hair_(musical)" title="Hair (musical)">Hair</a>, <a href="/wiki/That_Championship_Season" title="That Championship Season">That Championship Season</a>, <a href="/wiki/For_Colored_Girls_Who_Have_Considered_Suicide" class="mw-redirect" title="For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide">For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide</a>/When the Rainbow is Enuf, <a href="/wiki/Streamers_(play)" title="Streamers (play)">Streamers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buried_Child" title="Buried Child">Buried Child</a></i> and the crowning achievement of the NYSF during this period: the musical: <i><a href="/wiki/A_Chorus_Line" title="A Chorus Line">A Chorus Line</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gersten_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gersten-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Turan_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Epstein_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epstein-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1968, Gersten married Cora Cahan, at the time touring as a dancer with various modern dance companies. (With <a href="/wiki/Eliot_Feld" title="Eliot Feld">Eliot Feld</a>, Cora Cahan would establish and serve as executive director of Eliot Feld's dance company, <a href="/wiki/Feld_Ballet" class="mw-redirect" title="Feld Ballet">Feld Ballet</a>. In 1982, Cora and Eliot conceived and created the <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Joyce Theater">Joyce Theater</a>. Since 1990, Cora has been President of The New 42nd Street, a <a href="/wiki/Non-profit_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit organization">non-profit organization</a> generated by the city and the state as part of the 42nd Street Redevelopment Project.) The Gerstens have two children, Jenny Cahan Gersten and Jilian Cahan Gersten. </p><p>Perhaps Gersten's most significant contribution to the <a href="/wiki/Theater_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Theater of the United States">American theater</a> was his realization that a non-profit theater could produce commercially. In what he has described as a ‘eureka moment’ <sup id="cite_ref-Gersten_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gersten-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he found a way to free the New York Shakespeare Festival and later the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Center_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Center Theater">Lincoln Center Theater</a> from dependency on commercial producers when moving a show to <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a>. Through this innovative approach to underwriting production, beginning with moving <i>Two Gentlemen of Verona</i> to Broadway in 1971, (and particularly with the success of <i>A Chorus Line</i>), the fortunes of the New York Shakespeare Festival grew enormously. Gersten's approach would change the course of non-profit institutions nationally and especially in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. </p><p>In 1978, Gersten and Papp went their separate ways when Gersten insisted that the NYSF produce <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennett_(theater)" title="Michael Bennett (theater)">Michael Bennett</a>’s <i>Ballroom</i>. Papp fired Gersten, whereupon Gersten went on to independently produce <i>Ballroom</i> (as well as <a href="/wiki/John_Guare" title="John Guare">John Guare</a>’s <i><a href="/wiki/Bosoms_and_Neglect" title="Bosoms and Neglect">Bosoms and Neglect</a></i>) on Broadway later that year.<sup id="cite_ref-Turan_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Epstein_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epstein-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zoetrope_and_Radio_City_Music_Hall">Zoetrope and Radio City Music Hall</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Gersten&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Zoetrope and Radio City Music Hall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1979, Gersten was invited by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> to come work for his new <a href="/wiki/Zoetrope_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoetrope Studios">Zoetrope Studios</a> as Executive Vice President of Creative Affairs. During his tenure at Zoetrope, Gersten would serve as Executive Producer of <a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a>’s <i><a href="/wiki/One_From_the_Heart" class="mw-redirect" title="One From the Heart">One From the Heart</a></i>, as well as three other films. He also acted as Co-Producer of the live-orchestra presentations throughout the world of <a href="/wiki/Abel_Gance" title="Abel Gance">Abel Gance</a>’s film <a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_(1927_film)" title="Napoléon (1927 film)"><i>Napoléon</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gersten_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gersten-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After leaving Zoetrope, Gersten was recruited by <a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Music_Hall" title="Radio City Music Hall">Radio City Music Hall</a> to serve as their Vice President to produce live original content. A highlight of his two and a quarter year tenure, was a massive production of <i><a href="/wiki/Porgy_and_Bess" title="Porgy and Bess">Porgy and Bess</a></i>, (featuring a 90-strong company). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lincoln_Center_Theater">Lincoln Center Theater</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Gersten&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lincoln Center Theater"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1985, the <a href="/wiki/Vivian_Beaumont_Theater" title="Vivian Beaumont Theater">Vivian Beaumont Theater</a>, a component of the larger Lincoln Center performing arts complex, had been dark for four years. A board of directors headed by former New York Mayor <a href="/wiki/John_V._Lindsay" class="mw-redirect" title="John V. Lindsay">John V. Lindsay</a> decided to try one more time to activate the theater which had been built and established in the mid-sixties, but failed to establish itself as a viable theatrical venue.<sup id="cite_ref-Rothstein_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rothstein-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (This period includes the four years in which the <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_the_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare in the Park">NYSF</a> produced at Lincoln Center.) </p><p>Gersten, at the time working for Alexander Cohen on Broadway and teaching as an adjunct professor of theater administration at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, was invited to act as a consultant on the board. He proposed a way to organize the Beaumont and was hired as Executive Producer alongside <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Mosher" title="Gregory Mosher">Gregory Mosher</a> who was hired as Artistic Director to lead the new entity "<a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Center_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Center Theater">Lincoln Center Theater</a>". Under Mosher and Gersten, the <a href="/wiki/Vivian_Beaumont" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivian Beaumont">Vivian Beaumont</a> and the Mitzi E. Newhouse theaters, moribund for nearly a decade, flourished. More than twenty productions followed in quick succession over the next five years, including several major successes (see Lincoln Center Theater). In 1991, Mr. Mosher announced that he would leave LCT to pursue other projects. </p><p>In 1991, Gersten invited Andre Bishop to take over as Artistic Director. (Bishop's tenure would begin in 1992). (After Gersten's retirement, Bishop would have the title of Producing Artistic Director). The long list of successes at <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Center_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Center Theater">Lincoln Center Theater</a> would grow under their partnership. For almost twenty years, Mr. Gersten and Mr. Bishop produced an award-winning series of top shelf theatrical productions, sparing no expense to achieve the most exacting artistic results. A number of plays produced at <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Center_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Center Theater">Lincoln Center Theater</a>, would move to Broadway (or be produced directly for Broadway). Muscular, precise, and visually striking theater became the hallmark of <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Center_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Center Theater">Lincoln Center Theater</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cox_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cox-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Piepenburg_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piepenburg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bernard Gersten produced over 150 productions at LCT, including a revival of <a href="/wiki/John_Guare" title="John Guare">John Guare</a>’s <i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Blue_Leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Blue Leaves">House of Blue Leaves</a></i> and premiere of <i><a href="/wiki/Six_Degrees_of_Separation_(play)" title="Six Degrees of Separation (play)">Six Degrees of Separation</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Wendy_Wasserstein" title="Wendy Wasserstein">Wendy Wasserstein</a>’s <i>Sisters Rosenzweig</i>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a>’s <i><a href="/wiki/A_Delicate_Balance_(play)" title="A Delicate Balance (play)">A Delicate Balance</a></i>, Ngema's <i><a href="/wiki/Sarafina!_(musical)" title="Sarafina! (musical)">Sarafina</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/David_Mamet" title="David Mamet">David Mamet</a>’s <i><a href="/wiki/Speed_the_Plow" class="mw-redirect" title="Speed the Plow">Speed the Plow</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Stoppard" title="Tom Stoppard">Tom Stoppard</a>’s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Coast_of_Utopia" title="The Coast of Utopia">The Coast of Utopia</a></i> and a revival of <a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_(musical)" title="South Pacific (musical)"><i>South Pacific</i></a>. Under Gersten, the Lincoln Center Theater championed the work of <a href="/wiki/Spalding_Gray" title="Spalding Gray">Spalding Gray</a>, John Guare, Edward Albee, Tom Stoppard and <a href="/wiki/Wendy_Wasserstein" title="Wendy Wasserstein">Wendy Wasserstein</a> among the dozens of playwrights, composers, and directors who worked there, including <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Gutierrez" title="Gerald Gutierrez">Gerald Gutierrez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Zaks" title="Jerry Zaks">Jerry Zaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susan_Stroman" title="Susan Stroman">Susan Stroman</a>, Daniel Sullivan, <a href="/wiki/Bartlett_Sher" title="Bartlett Sher">Bartlett Sher</a> and Graciele Daniele.<sup id="cite_ref-Rothstein_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rothstein-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cox_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cox-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Piepenburg_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piepenburg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to retirement from LCT, Gersten helped implement the fundraising, design, and construction of the new <a href="/wiki/Claire_Tow_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Claire Tow Theater">Claire Tow Theater</a> atop the <a href="/wiki/Vivian_Beaumont" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivian Beaumont">Vivian Beaumont</a>. </p><p>Gersten implemented a new custom license plate for <a href="/wiki/New_York_State" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State">New York State</a> featuring the slogan ‘State of the Arts.’ Income from this custom license plate supports the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Council_on_the_Arts" title="New York State Council on the Arts">New York State Council on the Arts</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Gersten&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following is a selection of the awards won by Gersten. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Theater_Hall_of_Fame">American Theater Hall of Fame</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Gersten&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: American Theater Hall of Fame"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Inducted into the <a href="/wiki/American_Theater_Hall_of_Fame" title="American Theater Hall of Fame">American Theater Hall of Fame</a>, 2003<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drama_Desk_Awards">Drama Desk Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Gersten&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Drama Desk Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drama_Desk_Special_Award" title="Drama Desk Special Award">Drama Desk Special Award</a> for Revitalizing the Lincoln Center Theater, 2012<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tony_Awards">Tony Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Gersten&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tony Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Perry_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoinette Perry Award">Antoinette Perry Award</a> (Tony) for Lifetime Achievement, 2013<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sticks_and_Bones" title="Sticks and Bones">Sticks and Bones</a></i> Associate Producer, Best Play, 1971</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Gentlemen_of_Verona" class="mw-redirect" title="Two Gentlemen of Verona">Two Gentlemen of Verona</a></i> Associate Producer, Best Musical, 1971</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/That_Championship_Season" title="That Championship Season">That Championship Season</a></i> Associate Producer, Best Play 1973</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Chorus_Line" title="A Chorus Line">A Chorus Line</a></i> Associate Producer, Best Musical, 1976</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anything_Goes" title="Anything Goes">Anything Goes</a></i> Executive Producer, Best Revival of a Musical, 1989</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Town" title="Our Town">Our Town</a></i> Executive Producer, Best Revival of a Play, 1989</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carousel_(musical)" title="Carousel (musical)">Carousel</a></i> Executive Producer, Best Revival of a Musical, 1994</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Heiress" title="The Heiress">The Heiress</a></i> Executive Producer, Best Revival of a Play, 1995</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Delicate_Balance_(play)" title="A Delicate Balance (play)">A Delicate Balance</a></i> Executive Producer, Best Revival of a Play, 1996</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Contact_(musical)" title="Contact (musical)">Contact</a></i> Executive Producer, Best Musical, 2000</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Awake_and_Sing" class="mw-redirect" title="Awake and Sing">Awake and Sing</a></i> Executive Producer, Best Revival of a Play, 2006</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Coast_of_Utopia" title="The Coast of Utopia">The Coast of Utopia</a></i> Executive Producer, Best Play, 2007</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_(musical)" title="South Pacific (musical)">South Pacific</a></i> Executive Producer, Best Revival of a Musical, 2008</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/War_Horse_(play)" title="War Horse (play)">War Horse</a></i> Executive Producer, Best Play, 2011</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clybourne_Park" title="Clybourne Park">Clybourne Park</a></i> Executive Producer, Best Play, 2012</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vanya_and_Sonia_and_Masha_and_Spike" title="Vanya and Sonia and Masha and Spike">Vanya and Sonia and Masha and Spike</a></i> Executive Producer, Best Play, 2013</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Gersten&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSlotnik2020" class="citation news cs1">Slotnik, Daniel E. (27 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/27/theater/bernard-gersten-dead.html">"Bernard Gersten, Offstage Star of Nonprofit Theater, Dies at 97"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bernard+Gersten%2C+Offstage+Star+of+Nonprofit+Theater%2C+Dies+at+97&rft.date=2020-04-27&rft.aulast=Slotnik&rft.aufirst=Daniel+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F04%2F27%2Ftheater%2Fbernard-gersten-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernard+Gersten" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gersten-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gersten_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gersten_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gersten_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gersten_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gersten_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gersten_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gersten_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gersten_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gersten_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gersten, Bernard. <i>My Life As It Were</i>, an unpublished autobiography (with John DiLeo).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rothstein-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rothstein_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothstein_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothstein_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothstein_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothstein_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothstein2010" class="citation news cs1">Rothstein, Mervyn (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/article/a-life-in-the-theatre-bernard-gersten-com-165433">"A Life in the Theatre: Bernard Gersten"</a>. <i>Playbill</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Playbill&rft.atitle=A+Life+in+the+Theatre%3A+Bernard+Gersten&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Rothstein&rft.aufirst=Mervyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.playbill.com%2Farticle%2Fa-life-in-the-theatre-bernard-gersten-com-165433&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernard+Gersten" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turan-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Turan_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turan_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turan_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turan_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turan_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Turan, Kenneth; <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Papp" title="Joseph Papp">Joseph Papp</a> with the assistance of Gail Merrifield Papp (2009). ‘’Free for All: Joe Papp, the Public and the Greatest Theater Story Ever Told’’. <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a> New York.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Epstein-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Epstein_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epstein_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epstein_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epstein_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Epstein, Helen (1994). ‘’Joe Papp: An American Life’’. <a href="/wiki/Little_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Brown">Little Brown</a> Boston, Massachusetts.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cox-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cox_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cox_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox2012" class="citation news cs1">Cox, Gordon (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2012/legit/news/bernard-gersten-to-exit-lct-1118056369/">"Bernard Gersten to Exit LCT"</a>. <i>Variety</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Bernard+Gersten+to+Exit+LCT&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2012%2Flegit%2Fnews%2Fbernard-gersten-to-exit-lct-1118056369%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernard+Gersten" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Piepenburg-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Piepenburg_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Piepenburg_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiepenburg2012" class="citation news cs1">Piepenburg, Erik (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/09/gersten-to-step-down-at-lincoln-center-theater/">"Gersten to Step Down at Lincoln Center Theater"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gersten+to+Step+Down+at+Lincoln+Center+Theater&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Piepenburg&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F07%2F09%2Fgersten-to-step-down-at-lincoln-center-theater%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernard+Gersten" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/article/32nd-annual-theatre-hall-of-fame-inductees-announced-mamet-channing-grimes-among-names-com-109085">"32nd Annual Theatre Hall of Fame Inductees Announced; Mamet, Channing, Grimes among Names"</a>. <i>Playbill</i>. 2002-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Playbill&rft.atitle=32nd+Annual+Theatre+Hall+of+Fame+Inductees+Announced%3B+Mamet%2C+Channing%2C+Grimes+among+Names&rft.date=2002-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.playbill.com%2Farticle%2F32nd-annual-theatre-hall-of-fame-inductees-announced-mamet-channing-grimes-among-names-com-109085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernard+Gersten" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://entertainment.time.com/2013/06/09/tony-awards-2013-the-complete-list-of-winners/">"Tony Awards 2013: The Complete List of Winners"</a>. <i>Time</i>. 2013-06-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Tony+Awards+2013%3A+The+Complete+List+of+Winners&rft.date=2013-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.time.com%2F2013%2F06%2F09%2Ftony-awards-2013-the-complete-list-of-winners%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABernard+Gersten" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Gersten&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lct.org/shows/people/bernard-gersten/">Lincoln Center Theater</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0314928/">Bernard Gersten</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53818338#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">1947–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dora_Chamberlain" title="Dora Chamberlain">Dora Chamberlain</a> / Ira and Rita Katzenberg / <a href="/wiki/Jules_Leventhal" title="Jules Leventhal">Jules Leventhal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Burns_Mantle" title="Burns Mantle">Burns Mantle</a> / P. A. MacDonald / <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Sardi_Sr." title="Vincent Sardi Sr.">Vincent Sardi Sr.</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Vera Allen / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Beisman" title="Paul Beisman">Paul Beisman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joe_E._Brown" title="Joe E. Brown">Joe E. Brown</a> / Cast of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Importance_of_Being_Earnest" title="The Importance of Being Earnest">The Importance of Being Earnest</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Dowling" title="Robert W. Dowling">Robert W. Dowling</a> / Experimental Theatre Inc. / Rosalind Gilder / <a href="/wiki/June_Lockhart" title="June Lockhart">June Lockhart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mary_Martin" title="Mary Martin">Mary Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Pierce_(backstage_doorman)" title="George Pierce (backstage doorman)">George Pierce</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Whitmore" title="James Whitmore">James Whitmore</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>No award</i> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Evans_(actor)" title="Maurice Evans (actor)">Maurice Evans</a> / Philip Faversham / <a href="/wiki/Brock_Pemberton" title="Brock Pemberton">Brock Pemberton</a> (1950)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ruth Green (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boyer" title="Charles Boyer">Charles Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Kook" title="Edward Kook">Edward Kook</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a> / <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Lillie" title="Beatrice Lillie">Beatrice Lillie</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>No award</i> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Proscenium Productions (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Fourth Street Chekov Theatre / <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Center" title="New York City Center">City Center</a> / <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="New York Public Library for the Performing Arts">The New York Public Library Theatre Collection</a> / The Shakespearewrights / <i><a href="/wiki/The_Threepenny_Opera" title="The Threepenny Opera">The Threepenny Opera</a></i> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Shakespeare_Theatre" title="American Shakespeare Theatre">American Shakespeare Festival</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Barrault" title="Jean-Louis Barrault">Jean-Louis Barrault</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Russell_Bennett" title="Robert Russell Bennett">Robert Russell Bennett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willie_Hammerstein" title="Willie Hammerstein">William Hammerstein</a> / Joseph Harbuck / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Shyre" title="Paul Shyre">Paul Shyre</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louise_Heims_Beck" title="Louise Heims Beck">Mrs. Martin Beck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_the_Park_(New_York_City)" title="Shakespeare in the Park (New York City)">New York Shakespeare Festival</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russel_Crouse" title="Russel Crouse">Russel Crouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Lindsay" title="Howard Lindsay">Howard Lindsay</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> / Cast of <i><a href="/wiki/La_Plume_de_Ma_Tante" title="La Plume de Ma Tante">La Plume de Ma Tante</a></i> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burgess_Meredith" title="Burgess Meredith">Burgess Meredith</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Thurber" title="James Thurber">James Thurber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_III" title="John D. Rockefeller III">John D. Rockefeller III</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Merrick" title="David Merrick">David Merrick</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Guild" title="Theatre Guild">The Theatre Guild</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Atkinson" title="Brooks Atkinson">Brooks Atkinson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Franco_Zeffirelli" title="Franco Zeffirelli">Franco Zeffirelli</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bennett" title="Alan Bennett">Alan Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cook" title="Peter Cook">Peter Cook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Miller" title="Jonathan Miller">Jonathan Miller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Moore" title="Dudley Moore">Dudley Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/W._McNeil_Lowry" title="W. McNeil Lowry">W. McNeil Lowry</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eva_Le_Gallienne" title="Eva Le Gallienne">Eva Le Gallienne</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Miller" title="Gilbert Miller">Gilbert Miller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smith_(designer)" title="Oliver Smith (designer)">Oliver Smith</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Menken" title="Helen Menken">Helen Menken</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>No award</i> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">APA-Phoenix Theatre / <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Bailey" title="Pearl Bailey">Pearl Bailey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Channing" title="Carol Channing">Carol Channing</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier" title="Maurice Chevalier">Maurice Chevalier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich">Marlene Dietrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Merrick" title="David Merrick">David Merrick</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Burnett" title="Carol Burnett">Carol Burnett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rex_Harrison" title="Rex Harrison">Rex Harrison</a> / <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">The National Theatre Company of Great Britain</a> / The <a href="/wiki/Negro_Ensemble_Company" title="Negro Ensemble Company">Negro Ensemble Company</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Fontanne" title="Lynn Fontanne">Lynn Fontanne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Lunt" title="Alfred Lunt">Alfred Lunt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_the_Park_(New_York_City)" title="Shakespeare in the Park (New York City)">New York Shakespeare Festival</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ingram Ash / <a href="/wiki/Elliot_Norton" title="Elliot Norton">Elliot Norton</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Playbill" title="Playbill">Playbill</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_L._Stevens" title="Roger L. Stevens">Roger L. Stevens</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof" title="Fiddler on the Roof">Fiddler on the Roof</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Merman" title="Ethel Merman">Ethel Merman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Guild" title="Theatre Guild">The Theatre Guild</a>-American Theatre Society (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Community_Fund" title="Entertainment Community Fund">The Actors Fund of America</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay" title="John Lindsay">John Lindsay</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Shubert_Organization" title="The Shubert Organization">Shubert Organization</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Actors%27_Equity_Association" title="Actors' Equity Association">Actors' Equity Association</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/A_Moon_for_the_Misbegotten" title="A Moon for the Misbegotten">A Moon for the Misbegotten</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Candide_(operetta)" title="Candide (operetta)">Candide</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cook" title="Peter Cook">Peter Cook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Moore" title="Dudley Moore">Dudley Moore</a> / Harold Friedlander / <a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Liza_Minnelli" title="Liza Minnelli">Liza Minnelli</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Development_Fund" title="Theatre Development Fund">Theatre Development Fund</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_F._Wharton_(lawyer)" title="John F. Wharton (lawyer)">John F. Wharton</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_Hirschfeld" title="Al Hirschfeld">Al Hirschfeld</a> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Circle_in_the_Square_Theatre" title="Circle in the Square Theatre">Circle in the Square Theatre</a> / Thomas H. Fitzgerald / <a href="/wiki/Mathilde_Pincus" title="Mathilde Pincus">Mathilde Pincus</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Crawford" title="Cheryl Crawford">Cheryl Crawford</a> / Equity Liberty Theatre / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Manilow" title="Barry Manilow">Barry Manilow</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_of_the_Deaf" title="National Theatre of the Deaf">National Theatre of the Deaf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lily_Tomlin" title="Lily Tomlin">Lily Tomlin</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stan_Dragoti" title="Stan Dragoti">Stan Dragoti</a> and Charles Moss (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Walter F. Diehl / <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill_Theater_Center" title="Eugene O'Neill Theater Center">Eugene O'Neill Memorial Theater Center</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Richard Fitzgerald / <a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mary_Tyler_Moore" title="Mary Tyler Moore">Mary Tyler Moore</a> / Hobe Morrison (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Music_Hall" title="Radio City Music Hall">Radio City Music Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Community_Fund" title="Entertainment Community Fund">The Actors Fund of America</a> / <a href="/wiki/WarnerMedia" title="WarnerMedia">Warner Communications</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>No award</i> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Chorus_Line" title="A Chorus Line">A Chorus Line</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Feller" title="Peter Feller">Peter Feller</a> / <i>La Tragedie de Carmen</i> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yul_Brynner" title="Yul Brynner">Yul Brynner</a> / <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Council_on_the_Arts" title="New York State Council on the Arts">New York State Council on the Arts</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>No award</i> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Mason" title="Jackie Mason">Jackie Mason</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Academy_of_Music" title="Brooklyn Academy of Music">Brooklyn Academy of Music</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>No award</i> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>No award</i> (1990–1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma!" title="Oklahoma!">Oklahoma!</a></i> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hume_Cronyn" title="Hume Cronyn">Hume Cronyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Tandy" title="Jessica Tandy">Jessica Tandy</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carol_Channing" title="Carol Channing">Carol Channing</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> / Harvey Sabinson (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>No award</i> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_B._Jacobs" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard B. Jacobs">Bernard B. Jacobs</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Edward E. Colton / Ben Edwards (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uta_Hagen" title="Uta Hagen">Uta Hagen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a> / Isabelle Stevenson (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dame_Edna_Everage#2000–2009" title="Dame Edna Everage">Dame Edna: The Royal Tour</a></i> / T. Edward Hambleton (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gemignani" title="Paul Gemignani">Paul Gemignani</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julie_Harris" title="Julie Harris">Julie Harris</a> / Robert Whitehead (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cy_Feuer" title="Cy Feuer">Cy Feuer</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Russell_Simmons" title="Russell Simmons">Russell Simmons</a>' Def Poetry Jam on Broadway</i> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_M._Nederlander" title="James M. Nederlander">James M. Nederlander</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Jones_(stage_actress)" title="Sarah Jones (stage actress)">Sarah Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>No award</i> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Russell_Bennett" title="Robert Russell Bennett">Robert Russell Bennett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Herman" title="Jerry Herman">Jerry Herman</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Ayckbourn" title="Alan Ayckbourn">Alan Ayckbourn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marian_Seldes" title="Marian Seldes">Marian Seldes</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Athol_Fugard" title="Athol Fugard">Athol Fugard</a> / Philip J. Smith (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Actors%27_Equity_Association" title="Actors' Equity Association">Actors' Equity Association</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Jackman" title="Hugh Jackman">Hugh Jackman</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bernard Gersten</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ming_Cho_Lee" title="Ming Cho Lee">Ming Cho Lee</a> / Paul Libin (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Greenwood" title="Jane Greenwood">Jane Greenwood</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Cameron_Mitchell" title="John Cameron Mitchell">John Cameron Mitchell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Harnick" title="Sheldon Harnick">Sheldon Harnick</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marshall_W._Mason" title="Marshall W. Mason">Marshall W. Mason</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> / Miles Wilkin (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Leguizamo" title="John Leguizamo">John Leguizamo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chita_Rivera" title="Chita Rivera">Chita Rivera</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Harris" title="Rosemary Harris">Rosemary Harris</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marin_Mazzie" title="Marin Mazzie">Marin Mazzie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Terrence_McNally" title="Terrence McNally">Terrence McNally</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Tilders" title="Sonny Tilders">Sonny Tilders</a> and Creature Technology Company / Jason Michael Webb / <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wheeler_(musician)" title="Harold Wheeler (musician)">Harold Wheeler</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">The Broadway Advocacy Coalition / <a href="/wiki/David_Byrne" title="David Byrne">David Byrne's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/American_Utopia_(film)" title="American Utopia (film)">American Utopia</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Freestyle_Love_Supreme" title="Freestyle Love Supreme">Freestyle Love Supreme</a> / <a href="/wiki/Graciela_Daniele" title="Graciela Daniele">Graciela Daniele</a> (2020/21)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_C._Nicola" title="James C. Nicola">James C. Nicola</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joel_Grey" title="Joel Grey">Joel Grey</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kander" title="John Kander">John Kander</a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Edelman" title="Alex Edelman">Alex Edelman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abe_Jacob" title="Abe Jacob">Abe Jacob</a> / Nikiya Mathis / <a href="/wiki/Jack_O%27Brien_(director)" title="Jack O'Brien (director)">Jack O'Brien</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_C._Wolfe" title="George C. Wolfe">George C. Wolfe</a> (2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53818338#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53818338#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53818338#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000035261332">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/23899350">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/404831/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmDjDpxTgjBt7gKVHvrbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n97860862">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p183275756">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000156845&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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