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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nội dung</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Đầu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tiểu_sử" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tiểu_sử"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tiểu sử</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tiểu_sử-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Đọc_thêm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Đọc_thêm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Đọc thêm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Đọc_thêm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tham_khảo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tham_khảo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tham khảo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tham_khảo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liên_kết_ngoài" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liên_kết_ngoài"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Liên kết ngoài</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liên_kết_ngoài-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Nội dung" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Đóng mở mục lục" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Đóng mở mục lục</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alessandro Verri</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Xem bài viết trong ngôn ngữ khác. Bài có sẵn trong 7 ngôn ngữ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">7 ngôn ngữ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Verri" title="Alessandro Verri – Tiếng Séc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alessandro Verri" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Séc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Verri" title="Alessandro Verri – Tiếng Anh" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alessandro Verri" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Anh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Verri" title="Alessandro Verri – Tiếng Pháp" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alessandro Verri" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pháp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Verri" title="Alessandro Verri – Tiếng Italy" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alessandro Verri" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Italy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Verri" title="Alexander Verri – Tiếng La-tinh" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alexander Verri" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng La-tinh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%89_(%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%AE)" title="اليساندرو فيرى (مؤرخ) – Tiếng Ả Rập Ai Cập" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اليساندرو فيرى (مؤرخ)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập Ai Cập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Верри, Алессандро – Tiếng Nga" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Верри, Алессандро" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q780989#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sửa liên kết giữa ngôn ngữ" class="wbc-editpage">Sửa liên kết</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Không gian tên"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Verri" title="Xem bài viết [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bài viết</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn:Alessandro_Verri" rel="discussion" title="Thảo luận về trang này [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Thảo luận</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Thay đổi biến thể ngôn ngữ" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tiếng Việt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Verri"><span>Đọc</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Verri&veaction=edit" title="Sửa đổi trang này [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sửa đổi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Verri&action=edit" title="Sửa đổi mã nguồn của trang này [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sửa mã nguồn</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Verri&action=history" title="Các phiên bản cũ của trang này [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Xem lịch sử</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Công cụ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Công cụ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Công cụ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Thêm tùy chọn" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tác vụ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Verri"><span>Đọc</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Verri&veaction=edit" title="Sửa đổi trang này [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sửa đổi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Verri&action=edit" title="Sửa đổi mã nguồn của trang này [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sửa mã nguồn</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Verri&action=history"><span>Xem lịch sử</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chung </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%91%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%C3%A2y/Alessandro_Verri" title="Các trang liên kết đến đây [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Các liên kết đến đây</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Thay_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i_li%C3%AAn_quan/Alessandro_Verri" rel="nofollow" title="Thay đổi gần đây của các trang liên kết đến đây [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Thay đổi liên quan</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Trang_%C4%91%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t" title="Một danh sách chứa tất cả trang đặc biệt [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Trang đặc biệt</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Verri&oldid=70608162" title="Liên kết thường trực đến phiên bản này của trang"><span>Liên kết thường trực</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Verri&action=info" title="Thêm chi tiết về trang này"><span>Thông tin trang</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Tr%C3%ADch_d%E1%BA%ABn&page=Alessandro_Verri&id=70608162&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Hướng dẫn cách trích dẫn trang này"><span>Trích dẫn trang này</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAlessandro_Verri"><span>Lấy URL ngắn gọn</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAlessandro_Verri"><span>Tải mã QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In và xuất </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:S%C3%A1ch&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Alessandro+Verri"><span>Tạo một quyển sách</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:DownloadAsPdf&page=Alessandro_Verri&action=show-download-screen"><span>Tải dưới dạng PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Verri&printable=yes" title="Bản để in ra của trang [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bản để in ra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tại dự án khác </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Verri" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q780989" title="Liên kết đến khoản mục kết nối trong kho dữ liệu [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Khoản mục Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="vi" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:12px;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;line-height:1.1em;font-size:135%;font-weight:bold;color:black;font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Alessandro Verri</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Alessandro_Verri.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alessandro Verri"><img alt="Alessandro Verri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Alessandro_Verri.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="177" data-file-height="250" /></a></span><div style="padding:5px">Alessandro Verri</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Sinh</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1741-11-09</span>)</span>9 tháng 11 năm 1741<br /><a href="/wiki/Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Milan">Milan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Mất</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;">23 tháng 9 năm 1816<span style="display:none">(1816-09-23)</span> (74 tuổi)<br /><a href="/wiki/Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Rome">Rome</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Nghề nghiệp</th><td class="role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Nhà văn</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Alessandro Verri</b> (9/11/1741 - 23/9/1816) là một nhà văn người <a href="/wiki/%C3%9D" title="Ý">Ý</a> </p><p>Sinh ra ở <a href="/wiki/Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Milan">Milan</a> trong một gia đình quý tộc.Khi còn trẻ, ông tham gia sáng lập hội <a href="/w/index.php?title=Accademia_dei_Pugni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Accademia dei Pugni (trang không tồn tại)">Accademia dei Pugni</a> cùng anh trai của ông <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Verri" title="Pietro Verri">Pietro Verri</a> và những người bạn <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria" title="Cesare Beccaria">Cesare Beccaria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonso_Longo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfonso Longo (trang không tồn tại)">Alfonso Longo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Secchi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Secchi (trang không tồn tại)">Pietro Secchi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giambattista_Biffi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giambattista Biffi (trang không tồn tại)">Giambattista Biffi</a> và <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luigi_Lambertenghi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luigi Lambertenghi (trang không tồn tại)">Luigi Lambertenghi</a>. Sau đó, ông đã cộng tác với tạp chí Il Caffè. Trong thời gian này ông đã viết <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saggio_sulla_Storia_d%27Italia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saggio sulla Storia d'Italia (trang không tồn tại)">Saggio sulla Storia d'Italia</a> ("tiểu luận về Lịch sử Ý", 1761-1766). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tiểu_sử"><span id="Ti.E1.BB.83u_s.E1.BB.AD"></span>Tiểu sử</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Verri&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sửa đổi phần “Tiểu sử”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Verri&action=edit&section=1" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Tiểu sử"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sau đó, Verri chuyển đến <a href="/wiki/Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Rome">Rome</a>. Ông là một trong những dịch giả người Ý đầu tiên của <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>. Ông đã viết hai tác phẩm: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantea_v%C3%A0_La_congiura_di_Milano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantea và La congiura di Milano (trang không tồn tại)">Pantea và La congiura di Milano</a>, cả hai được xuất bản năm 1779. </p><p>Năm 1782, ông đã viết cuốn tiểu thuyết <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%AA_avventure_di_Saffo_poetessa_di_Mitilene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lê avventure di Saffo poetessa di Mitilene (trang không tồn tại)">Lê avventure di Saffo poetessa di Mitilene</a> ("Những cuộc phiêu lưu của Sappho, nhà thơ của Mitilene"), nhưng tác phẩm nổi tiếng nhất của ông là <a href="/w/index.php?title=Notti_Romane_al_Sepolcro_degli_Scipioni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Notti Romane al Sepolcro degli Scipioni (trang không tồn tại)">Notti Romane al Sepolcro degli Scipioni</a> ("Đêm Roma tại mộ của Scipiones"), hai phần đầu được công trong năm 1792 và 1804, tác phẩm gợi lên những điều nền văn minh La Mã cổ đại, nhấn mạnh sự tàn bạo của nó trái ngược với hòa bình của <a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%B4_gi%C3%A1o" title="Kitô giáo">Kitô giáo</a>.Phần ba của tác phẩm vẫn chưa được công bố cho đến năm 1967. </p><p>Tác phẩm khác của ông bao gồm một bản dịch của <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daphne_v%C3%A0_Chloe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daphne và Chloe (trang không tồn tại)">Daphne và Chloe</a> (1812), tiểu thuyết <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_vita_di_Erostrato&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La vita di Erostrato (trang không tồn tại)">La vita di Erostrato</a> ("Cuộc sống của Herostratos ", 1815) và <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicende_memorabili_de_%27suoi_tempi_dal_1789_al_1801&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vicende memorabili de 'suoi tempi dal 1789 al 1801 (trang không tồn tại)">Vicende memorabili de 'suoi tempi dal 1789 al 1801</a> </p><p>Verri chết ở <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B4ma" class="mw-redirect" title="Rôma">Rôma</a> năm 1816. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Đọc_thêm"><span id=".C4.90.E1.BB.8Dc_th.C3.AAm"></span>Đọc thêm</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Verri&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sửa đổi phần “Đọc thêm”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Verri&action=edit&section=2" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Đọc thêm"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.it/books?id=63wtAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Le+avventure+di+Saffo+poetessa+di+Mitilene&lr=&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES&ei=9AWlSe68F6TGMszbhIQO">Alessandro Verri, <i>Le avventure di Saffo poetessa di Mitilene</i></a>, Roma e Genova, Stamperia Frugoni, 1809.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.it/books?id=eG4MAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA191&dq=La+vita+di+Erostrato&lr=&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES&ei=LAilSb_4JousMoK-hYQO#PPP5,M1">testi online di Alessandro Verri a cura di Giovanni Antonio Maggi, <i>Opere scelte di Alessandro Verri</i></a>, Milano, 1822.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.it/books?id=XWPMA2JaseQC&pg=PA5&dq=Alessandro+Verri&ei=YgSlSYXtHIaoM8DC7YMO#PPR5,M1">opera postuma di Alessandro Verri a cura di Giovanni Antonio Maggi, <i>Vicende memorabili dal 1789 al 1801</i></a>, Milano, Tipografia Guglielmini, 1858.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibliotecaitaliana.it/exist/ScrittoriItalia/show-text.xq?textID=mets.si270">testo online di Alessandro Verri a cura di Renzo Negri, <i>Le Notti Romane</i></a>, Bari, Laterza, 1967.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bollatiboringhieri.it/scheda.php?codice=9788833910826">Scheda online a cura Gianni Francioni, Sergio Romagnoli, <i>« Il Caffè » dal 1764 al 1766</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609004420/http://www.bollatiboringhieri.it/scheda.php?codice=9788833910826">Lưu trữ</a> 2015-06-09 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Collana «Pantheon», Bollati Boringhieri Editore, 2005 Due volumi,</li> <li>F. Novati, A. Giulini, E. Greppi, G. Seregni, <i>Carteggio di Pietro e di Alessandro Verri</i>, 12 volumi, Milano, L. F. Cogliati, Milesi & figli, Giuffrè, 1910-1942.</li> <li>Gianmarco Gasparri (a cura) <i>Viaggio a Parigi e Londra (1766-1767) - Carteggio di Pietro ed Alessandro Verri</i>, Milano, Adelphi, 1980.</li> <li>Nicola Raponi, <i>Alessandro Verri e il Trattato di Tolentino</i>, in Quaderni del Bicentenario 2, Tolentino, 1997, <i>pp. 125-132</i></li> <li>Isabella Colucci, <i>Antonio Canova, la marchesa Boccapaduli e Alessandro Verri:lettere a altre testimonianze inedite</i>, in Paragone Arte, 49/1998 (1999), pp. 64–74</li> <li>Fabio Tarzia, <i>Libri e rivoluzioni. Figure e mentalità nella Roma di fine ancien régime</i>, Milano, Franco Angeli, 2000. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_s%C3%A1ch/8846421566" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 8846421566</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francoangeli.it/Ricerca/Scheda_Libro.asp?CodiceISBN=9788846421562">scheda online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.it/books?id=PCcl9Er1eM8C&printsec=frontcover#PPA7,M1">capitoli online</a></li> <li>Marina Pieretti, <i>Margherita Sparapani Gentili Boccapaduli. Ritratto di una gentildonna romana (1735-1820)</i>, in “Rivista storica del Lazio”, XIII-XIV, Roma, 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gangemi.com/scheda.asp?id=8849202377">scheda online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121206032928/http://www.gangemi.com/scheda.asp?id=8849202377">Lưu trữ</a> 2012-12-06 tại <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archive.today&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archive.today (trang không tồn tại)">Archive.today</a></li> <li>Isabella Colucci, <i>Il salotto e le collezioni della Marchesa Boccapaduli</i>, Quaderni storici, N. 2, agosto 2004, pp. 449–494 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mulino.it/rivisteweb/scheda_articolo.php?id_articolo=15601">scheda online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060105170654/http://www.mulino.it/rivisteweb/scheda_articolo.php?id_articolo=15601">Lưu trữ</a> 2006-01-05 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Vittoria Orlandi Balzari, <i>Alessandro Verri antiquario in Roma</i>, Quaderni storici, N. 2, agosto 2004, pp. 495–528 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mulino.it/rivisteweb/scheda_articolo.php?id_articolo=15602">scheda online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051204133236/http://www.mulino.it/rivisteweb/scheda_articolo.php?id_articolo=15602">Lưu trữ</a> 2005-12-04 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Nicola Raponi, <i>Il mito di Bonaparte in Italia. Atteggiamenti della società milanese e reazioni nello stato romano</i>, Studi Storici Carocci, 2005, <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_s%C3%A1ch/9788843033744" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9788843033744</a></li> <li>Nicola Raponi, <i>Alessandro Verri a Pievefavera (1793-1795): allarmi rivoluzionari e scoperta di un tranquillo rifugio nella provincia romana</i>, Estr. da: <i>Archivio storico lombardo: giornale della Società storica lombarda</i>, Milano, Cisalpino, 2007.</li> <li>Marina Pieretti, <i>Il Viaggio d'Italia di Margherita Sparapani Gentili Boccapaduli</i>, in "Scritture di donne - La memoria restituita", Atti del convegno, Roma, 23-24 marzo 2004, a cura di Marina Caffiero e Manola Ida Venzo, marzo 2007, <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_s%C3%A1ch/9788883342097" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-88-8334-209-7</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.viella.it/edizioni/Memoria/Memoria_01.htm">scheda online</a></li> <li>Pietro Verri, Alessandro Verri, a cura di Sara Rosini, <i>Carteggio di Pietro e Alessandro Verri. 19 maggio 1792 - 8 luglio 1797</i>, Edizione Nazionale di Pietro Verri, 2008, <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_s%C3%A1ch/9788863720945" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9788863720945</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.storiaeletteratura.it/catalog/title/index.php?cmd=ext&title_id=1270&subclass=">scheda online</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_h%E1%BB%8Fng" title="Wikipedia:Liên kết hỏng"><span title=" kể từ 2021-02-03">liên kết hỏng</span></a></i>]</span></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tham_khảo"><span id="Tham_kh.E1.BA.A3o"></span>Tham khảo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Verri&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sửa đổi phần “Tham khảo”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Verri&action=edit&section=3" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Tham khảo"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71728118">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liên_kết_ngoài"><span id="Li.C3.AAn_k.E1.BA.BFt_ngo.C3.A0i"></span>Liên kết ngoài</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Verri&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sửa đổi phần “Liên kết ngoài”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Verri&action=edit&section=4" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Liên kết ngoài"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberliber.it/biblioteca/v/verri_alessandro/index.htm">Note biografiche e opere di Alessandro Verri</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111020014617/http://www.liberliber.it/biblioteca/v/verri_alessandro/index.htm">Lưu trữ</a> 2011-10-20 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://almanaccoromano.blogspot.com/2008_11_01_archive.html">Breve descrizione del romanzo più famoso scritto dal Verri: Notti romane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.info.roma.it/monumenti_dettaglio.asp?ID_schede=2085">Palazzo Gentili Del Drago, in via San Nicola in Arcione, Roma</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.villediroma.com/villagentili-dominici.htm">Villa Gentili-Dominicini, Roma</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121230043433/http://www.villediroma.com/villagentili-dominici.htm">Lưu trữ</a> 2012-12-30 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70958518">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Áo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II_c%E1%BB%A7a_Th%C3%A1nh_ch%E1%BA%BF_La_M%C3%A3" title="Joseph II của Thánh chế La Mã">Joseph II</a> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Leopold_II_c%E1%BB%A7a_Th%C3%A1nh_ch%E1%BA%BF_La_M%C3%A3" title="Leopold II của Thánh chế La Mã">Leopold II</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresia_c%E1%BB%A7a_%C3%81o" title="Maria Theresia của Áo">Maria Theresia</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Đan Mạch – Na Uy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ludvig_Holberg" title="Ludvig Holberg">Ludvig Holberg</a> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jens_Schielderup_Sneedorff" title="Jens Schielderup Sneedorff">Sneedorff</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Friedrich_Struensee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Friedrich Struensee (trang không tồn tại)">Johann Friedrich Struensee</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Eggert_%C3%93lafsson" title="Eggert Ólafsson">Eggert Ólafsson</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Thomas Hobbes</a> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newton</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wilkes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Wilkes (trang không tồn tại)">John Wilkes</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Gibbon" title="Edward Gibbon">Edward Gibbon</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Jeremy Bentham</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Mary Wollstonecraft</a></span> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Ashley-Cooper,_3rd_Earl_of_Shaftesbury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury (trang không tồn tại)">Lord Shaftesbury</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pháp</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bayle" title="Pierre Bayle">Pierre Bayle</a> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Bernard_le_Bovier_de_Fontenelle" title="Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle">Fontenelle</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Quesnay" title="François Quesnay">François Quesnay</a> </span>| <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges-Louis_Leclerc,_B%C3%A1_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_x%E1%BB%A9_Buffon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges-Louis Leclerc, Bá tước xứ Buffon (trang không tồn tại)">G.L. Buffon</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Denis Diderot</a> </span>| <a href="/wiki/Claude_Adrien_Helv%C3%A9tius" title="Claude Adrien Helvétius">Helvétius</a> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jean_le_Rond_d%27Alembert" title="Jean le Rond d'Alembert">Jean le Rond d'Alembert</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baron_d%27Holbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baron d'Holbach (trang không tồn tại)">Baron d'Holbach</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Donatien_Alphonse_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Sade" title="Donatien Alphonse François de Sade">Marquis de Sade</a> </span>| <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marquis_de_Condorcet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marquis de Condorcet (trang không tồn tại)">Condorcet</a> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Lavoisier</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tienne_Bonnot_de_Condillac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Étienne Bonnot de Condillac (trang không tồn tại)">Étienne Bonnot de Condillac</a> </span>|<span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympe_de_Gouges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olympe de Gouges (trang không tồn tại)">Olympe de Gouges</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gruzia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Bagrationi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Bagrationi (trang không tồn tại)">David Bagrationi</a> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon_Dodashvili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solomon Dodashvili (trang không tồn tại)">Solomon Dodashvili</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Đức</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Erhard_Weigel" title="Erhard Weigel">Erhard Weigel</a> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz">Leibniz</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_c%E1%BB%A7a_Ph%E1%BB%95" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick II của Phổ">Frederick II</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Gotthold_Ephraim_Lessing" title="Gotthold Ephraim Lessing">Gotthold Ephraim Lessing</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Abbt" title="Thomas Abbt">Thomas Abbt</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Gottfried Herder">Johann Gottfried Herder</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Adam_Weishaupt" title="Adam Weishaupt">Adam Weishaupt</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Friedrich Schiller</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss">Gauss</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Moses_Mendelssohn" title="Moses Mendelssohn">Moses Mendelssohn</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hy Lạp</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adamantios_Korais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adamantios Korais (trang không tồn tại)">Adamantios Korais</a> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Rigas_Feraios" title="Rigas Feraios">Rigas Feraios</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hungary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferenc_Kazinczy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferenc Kazinczy (trang không tồn tại)">Ferenc Kazinczy</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3zsef_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="József Kármán (trang không tồn tại)">József Kármán</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A1nos_Bats%C3%A1nyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="János Batsányi (trang không tồn tại)">János Batsányi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mih%C3%A1ly_Fazekas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mihály Fazekas (trang không tồn tại)">Mihály Fazekas</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ireland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Edmund Burke</a> | <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Jonathan Swift</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Toland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Toland (trang không tồn tại)">John Toland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ý</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Giambattista Vico</a> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Cesare,_Marquis_of_Beccaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Cesare, Marquis of Beccaria">Cesare Beccaria</a> | <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Verri" title="Pietro Verri">Pietro Verri</a> | <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alessandro Verri</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gian_Rinaldo_Carli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gian Rinaldo Carli (trang không tồn tại)">Gian Rinaldo Carli</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Parini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Parini (trang không tồn tại)">Giuseppe Parini</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Goldoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlo Goldoni (trang không tồn tại)">Carlo Goldoni</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vittorio_Alfieri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vittorio Alfieri (trang không tồn tại)">Vittorio Alfieri</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Baretti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Baretti (trang không tồn tại)">Giuseppe Baretti</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hà Lan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Hugo Grotius</a> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Baruch Spinoza</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franciscus_van_den_Enden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franciscus van den Enden (trang không tồn tại)">Franciscus van den Enden</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ba Lan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanisław Leszczyński">Stanisław Leszczyński</a> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanis%C5%82aw_Konarski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanisław Konarski (trang không tồn tại)">Stanisław Konarski</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_II_August_c%E1%BB%A7a_Ba_Lan" title="Stanisław II August của Ba Lan">Stanisław II August của Ba Lan</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ignacy_Krasicki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ignacy Krasicki (trang không tồn tại)">Ignacy Krasicki</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ko%C5%82%C5%82%C4%85taj" title="Hugo Kołłątaj">Hugo Kołłątaj</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Ignacy_Potocki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman Ignacy Potocki (trang không tồn tại)">Ignacy Potocki</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanis%C5%82aw_Staszic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanisław Staszic (trang không tồn tại)">Stanisław Staszic</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jan_%C5%9Aniadecki" title="Jan Śniadecki">Jan Śniadecki</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julian_Ursyn_Niemcewicz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz (trang không tồn tại)">Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C4%99drzej_%C5%9Aniadecki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jędrzej Śniadecki (trang không tồn tại)">Jędrzej Śniadecki</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bồ Đào Nha</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebasti%C3%A3o_de_Melo,_Marquis_of_Pombal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sebastião de Melo, Marquis of Pombal (trang không tồn tại)">Sebastião de Melo, Marquis of Pombal</a> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_V_c%E1%BB%A7a_B%E1%BB%93_%C4%90%C3%A0o_Nha" title="João V của Bồ Đào Nha">João V</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_I_c%E1%BB%A7a_B%E1%BB%93_%C4%90%C3%A0o_Nha" title="José I của Bồ Đào Nha">José I</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ien%C4%83chi%C5%A3%C4%83_V%C4%83c%C4%83rescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ienăchiţă Văcărescu (trang không tồn tại)">Ienăchiţă Văcărescu</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton_Pann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anton Pann (trang không tồn tại)">Anton Pann</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe_%C5%9Eincai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gheorghe Şincai (trang không tồn tại)">Gheorghe Şincai</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nga</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ekaterina_II_c%E1%BB%A7a_Nga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekaterina II của Nga">Ekaterina II</a> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Vasilyevich_Lomonosov" title="Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov">Lomonosov</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Ivanovich_Shuvalov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov (trang không tồn tại)">Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Ivanovich_Betskoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Ivanovich Betskoy (trang không tồn tại)">Ivan Ivanovich Betskoy</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekaterina_Romanovna_Vorontsova-Dashkova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekaterina Romanovna Vorontsova-Dashkova (trang không tồn tại)">Ekaterina Dashkova</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolay_Ivanovich_Novikov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolay Ivanovich Novikov (trang không tồn tại)">Nikolay Ivanovich Novikov</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Mikhailovich_Shcherbatov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikhail Mikhailovich Shcherbatov (trang không tồn tại)">Mikhail Mikhailovich Shcherbatov</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Nikolayevich_Radishchev" title="Aleksandr Nikolayevich Radishchev">Aleksandr Nikolayevich Radishchev</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scotland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Burnett,_Lord_Monboddo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Burnett, Lord Monboddo (trang không tồn tại)">Lord Monboddo</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Boswell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Boswell (trang không tồn tại)">James Boswell</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/James_Hutton" title="James Hutton">James Hutton</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Ferguson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adam Ferguson (trang không tồn tại)">Adam Ferguson</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Turnbull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Turnbull (trang không tồn tại)">George Turnbull</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Home,_Lord_Kames&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Home, Lord Kames (trang không tồn tại)">Lord Kames</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Hutcheson_(tri%E1%BA%BFt_gia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Hutcheson (triết gia) (trang không tồn tại)">Francis Hutcheson</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Reid" title="Thomas Reid">Thomas Reid</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dositej_Obradovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dositej Obradović (trang không tồn tại)">Dositej Obradović</a> | <span class="nowrap"> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tây Ban Nha</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaspar_Melchor_de_Jovellanos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos (trang không tồn tại)">Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos</a> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leandro_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Morat%C3%ADn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leandro Fernández de Moratín (trang không tồn tại)">Leandro Fernández de Moratín</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugenio_Espejo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugenio Espejo (trang không tồn tại)">Eugenio Espejo</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benito_Jer%C3%B3nimo_Feijoo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benito Jerónimo Feijoo (trang không tồn tại)">Benito Jerónimo Feijoo</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Thụy Điển</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Chydenius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anders Chydenius (trang không tồn tại)">Anders Chydenius</a> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l" title="Peter Forsskål">Peter Forsskål</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Gustav_III_c%E1%BB%A7a_Th%E1%BB%A5y_%C4%90i%E1%BB%83n" title="Gustav III của Thụy Điển">Gustav III</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arvid_Horn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvid Horn (trang không tồn tại)">Arvid Horn</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Henric_Kellgren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Henric Kellgren (trang không tồn tại)">Johan Henric Kellgren</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hoa Kỳ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/David_Rittenhouse" title="David Rittenhouse">David Rittenhouse</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Venezuela</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Miranda" title="Francisco de Miranda">Francisco de Miranda</a> </span> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Simón Bolívar</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Các tư tưởng liên quan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_t%C6%B0_b%E1%BA%A3n" title="Chủ nghĩa tư bản">Chủ nghĩa tư bản</a> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Liberties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Liberties (trang không tồn tại)">Civil Liberties</a> </span>| <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Critical_Thinking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Critical 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href="/w/index.php?title=Classical_liberalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Classical liberalism (trang không tồn tại)">Liberalism</a> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natural Philosophy (trang không tồn tại)">Natural Philosophy</a> </span>| <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rationality&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rationality (trang không tồn tại)">Rationality</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reason (trang không tồn tại)">Reason</a> | <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sapere_aude&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sapere aude (trang không tồn tại)">Sapere aude</a> </span>| <a href="/wiki/Khoa_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Khoa học">Khoa học</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secularism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secularism (trang không tồn tại)">Secularism</a> | <span class="nowrap"> <a 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class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Châu_Mỹ" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2u_M%E1%BB%B9" title="Châu Mỹ">Châu Mỹ</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.25em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:8.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%9Di_k%E1%BB%B3_Khai_s%C3%A1ng_%E1%BB%9F_M%E1%BB%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thời kỳ Khai sáng ở Mỹ (trang không tồn tại)">Vùng dùng<br />tiếng Anh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a 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style="width:1%;padding:0.25em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:8.75em;">Châu Mỹ La-tinh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugenio_Espejo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugenio Espejo (trang không tồn tại)">Eugenio Espejo</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Joaqu%C3%ADn_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Lizardi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Joaquín Fernández de Lizardi (trang không tồn tại)">José Joaquín Fernández de Lizardi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Servando_Teresa_de_Mier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Servando Teresa de Mier (trang không tồn tại)">Servando Teresa de Mier</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Miranda" title="Francisco de Miranda">Francisco de Miranda</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Simón Bolívar</a> </span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Trung_Âu" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Trung_%C3%82u" title="Trung Âu">Trung Âu</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.25em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:8.75em;">Đế quốc<br />La Mã Thần thánh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Wolff" class="mw-disambig" title="Christian Wolff">Christian Wolff</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Thomasius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Thomasius (trang không tồn tại)">Christian Thomasius</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Erhard_Weigel" title="Erhard Weigel">Erhard Weigel</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz">Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_II_c%E1%BB%A7a_Ph%E1%BB%95" title="Friedrich II của Phổ">Friedrich II</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Gotthold_Ephraim_Lessing" title="Gotthold Ephraim Lessing">Gotthold Ephraim Lessing</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Georg_Hamann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Georg Hamann (trang không tồn tại)">Johann Georg Hamann</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Abbt" title="Thomas Abbt">Thomas Abbt</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Gottfried Herder">Johann Gottfried von Herder</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Adam_Weishaupt" title="Adam Weishaupt">Adam Weishaupt</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Johann Gottlieb Fichte</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Joseph_Schelling" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling">Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Schiller" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich von Schiller">J.C.F. von Schiller</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abel_Seyler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abel Seyler (trang không tồn tại)">Abel Seyler</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gau%C3%9F" title="Carl Friedrich Gauß">Carl Friedrich Gauß</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Moses_Mendelssohn" title="Moses Mendelssohn">Moses Mendelssohn</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Johann Sebastian Bach</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Joseph Haydn</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.25em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:8.75em;">Hungary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferenc_Kazinczy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferenc Kazinczy (trang không tồn tại)">Ferenc Kazinczy</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3zsef_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="József Kármán (trang không tồn tại)">József Kármán</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A1nos_Bats%C3%A1nyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="János Batsányi (trang không tồn tại)">János Batsányi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mih%C3%A1ly_Fazekas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mihály Fazekas (trang không tồn tại)">Mihály Fazekas</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.25em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:8.75em;">Hà Lan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Hugo Grotius</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Baruch Spinoza</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franciscus_van_den_Enden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franciscus van den Enden (trang không tồn tại)">Franciscus van den Enden</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.25em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:8.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%9Di_k%E1%BB%B3_Khai_s%C3%A1ng_%E1%BB%9F_Ba_Lan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thời kỳ Khai sáng ở Ba Lan (trang không tồn tại)">Ba Lan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanisław Leszczyński">Stanisław Leszczyński</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanis%C5%82aw_Konarski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanisław Konarski (trang không tồn tại)">Stanisław Konarski</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_II_August_c%E1%BB%A7a_Ba_Lan" title="Stanisław II August của Ba Lan">Stanisław II August của Ba Lan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ignacy_Krasicki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ignacy Krasicki (trang không tồn tại)">Ignacy Krasicki</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ko%C5%82%C5%82%C4%85taj" title="Hugo Kołłątaj">Hugo Kołłątaj</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Ignacy_Potocki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman Ignacy Potocki (trang không tồn tại)">Ignacy Potocki</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanis%C5%82aw_Staszic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanisław Staszic (trang không tồn tại)">Stanisław Staszic</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jan_%C5%9Aniadecki" title="Jan Śniadecki">Jan Śniadecki</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julian_Ursyn_Niemcewicz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz (trang không tồn tại)">Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C4%99drzej_%C5%9Aniadecki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jędrzej Śniadecki (trang không tồn tại)">Jędrzej Śniadecki</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Đông_Âu" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_%C3%82u" title="Đông Âu">Đông Âu</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.75em;">Gruzia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulkhan-Saba_Orbeliani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani (trang không tồn tại)">Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Bagrationi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Bagrationi (trang không tồn tại)">David Bagrationi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon_Dodashvili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solomon Dodashvili (trang không tồn tại)">Solomon Dodashvili</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.75em;">Hy Lạp</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adamantios_Korais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adamantios Korais (trang không tồn tại)">Adamantios Korais</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rigas_Feraios_(1757-1798)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rigas Feraios (1757-1798) (trang không tồn tại)">Rigas Feraios</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theophilos_Kairis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theophilos Kairis (trang không tồn tại)">Theophilos Kairis</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%9Di_k%E1%BB%B3_Khai_s%C3%A1ng_%E1%BB%9F_Nga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thời kỳ Khai sáng ở Nga (trang không tồn tại)">Nga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_I_c%E1%BB%A7a_Nga" title="Pyotr I của Nga">Pyotr I</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ekaterina_II_c%E1%BB%A7a_Nga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekaterina II của Nga">Ekaterina II</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lomonosov" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikhail Lomonosov">Mikhail Lomonosov</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Shuvalov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Shuvalov (trang không tồn tại)">Ivan Shuvalov</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Betskoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Betskoy (trang không tồn tại)">Ivan Betskoy</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yekaterina_Romanovna_Vorontsova-Dashkova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yekaterina Romanovna Vorontsova-Dashkova (trang không tồn tại)">Ekaterina Dashkova</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolay_Novikov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolay Novikov (trang không tồn tại)">Nikolay Novikov</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Shcherbatov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikhail Shcherbatov (trang không tồn tại)">Mikhail Shcherbatov</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Radishchev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Radishchev (trang không tồn tại)">Alexander Radishchev</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.75em;">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dositej_Obradovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dositej Obradović (trang không tồn tại)">Dositej Obradović</a> </span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Vương_quốc_Anh_và_Ai-len" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_qu%E1%BB%91c_Anh" title="Vương quốc Anh">Vương quốc Anh</a> và <a href="/wiki/Ai-len" class="mw-redirect" title="Ai-len">Ai-len</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.75em;">Anh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright">Richard Arkwright</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Jeremy Bentham</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/John_Dryden" title="John Dryden">John Dryden</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fielding" title="Henry Fielding">Henry Fielding</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Gibbon" title="Edward Gibbon">Edward Gibbon</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Thomas Hobbes</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Ashley-Cooper,_B%C3%A1_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_Shaftesbury_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony Ashley-Cooper, Bá tước Shaftesbury III (trang không tồn tại)">Anthony Ashley-Cooper</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beilby_Porteus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beilby Porteus (trang không tồn tại)">Beilby Porteus</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Walpole,_B%C3%A1_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_Orford_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Walpole, Bá tước Orford IV (trang không tồn tại)">Horace Walpole</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wilkes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Wilkes (trang không tồn tại)">John Wilkes</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Herschel" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Mary Wollstonecraft</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel" title="George Frideric Handel">George Frideric Handel</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.75em;">Ai-len</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boyle</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/George_Berkeley" title="George Berkeley">George Berkeley</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Edmund Burke</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Jonathan Swift</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Toland_(philosopher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Toland (philosopher) (trang không tồn tại)">John Toland</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.75em;">Scotland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Black" title="Joseph Black">Joseph Black</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Boswell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Boswell (trang không tồn tại)">James Boswell</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Robert Burns</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Ferguson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adam Ferguson (trang không tồn tại)">Adam Ferguson</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Hutcheson_(nh%C3%A0_tri%E1%BA%BFt_h%E1%BB%8Dc)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Hutcheson (nhà triết học) (trang không tồn tại)">Francis Hutcheson</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/James_Hutton" title="James Hutton">James Hutton</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Home,_C%C3%B4ng_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_Kames&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Home, Công tước Kames (trang không tồn tại)">Henry Home</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Burnett,_C%C3%B4ng_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_Monboddo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Burnett, Công tước Monboddo (trang không tồn tại)">James Burnett</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Macpherson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Macpherson (trang không tồn tại)">James Macpherson</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Reid" title="Thomas Reid">Thomas Reid</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Robertson_(nh%C3%A0_s%E1%BB%AD_h%E1%BB%8Dc)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Robertson (nhà sử học) (trang không tồn tại)">William Robertson</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dugald_Stewart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dugald Stewart (trang không tồn tại)">Dugald Stewart</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Turnbull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Turnbull (trang không tồn tại)">George Turnbull</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt">James Watt</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Châu_Âu_La-tinh" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%A2u_%C3%82u_La-tinh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Châu Âu La-tinh (trang không tồn tại)">Châu Âu La-tinh</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.75em;">Pháp</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bayle" title="Pierre Bayle">Pierre Bayle</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Bernard_le_Bovier_de_Fontenelle" title="Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle">Fontenelle</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Secondat,_Nam_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_de_Montesquieu" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles de Secondat, Nam tước de Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Quesnay" title="François Quesnay">François Quesnay</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges-Louis_Leclerc,_B%C3%A1_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_x%E1%BB%A9_Buffon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges-Louis Leclerc, Bá tước xứ Buffon (trang không tồn tại)">G.L. Buffon</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Pasquale_Paoli" title="Pasquale Paoli">Pasquale Paoli</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Denis Diderot</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Claude_Adrien_Helv%C3%A9tius" title="Claude Adrien Helvétius">Helvétius</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jean_le_Rond_d%27Alembert" title="Jean le Rond d'Alembert">Jean le Rond d'Alembert</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Nam_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_d%27Holbach" title="Nam tước d'Holbach">Nam tước d'Holbach</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julien_Offray_de_La_Mettrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julien Offray de La Mettrie (trang không tồn tại)">Julien Offray de La Mettrie</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Donatien_Alphonse_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Sade" title="Donatien Alphonse François de Sade">Hầu tước de Sade</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A7u_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_de_Condorcet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hầu tước de Condorcet (trang không tồn tại)">Condorcet</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Lamarck" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck">Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tienne_Bonnot_de_Condillac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Étienne Bonnot de Condillac (trang không tồn tại)">Étienne Bonnot de Condillac</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympe_de_Gouges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olympe de Gouges (trang không tồn tại)">Olympe de Gouges</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Alexis de Tocqueville</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Maximilien Robespierre</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Danton" title="Georges Danton">Georges Danton</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.75em;">Italia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Giambattista Vico</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria" title="Cesare Beccaria">Cesare Beccaria</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Verri" title="Pietro Verri">Pietro Verri</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alessandro Verri</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Rinaldo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Rinaldo (trang không tồn tại)">Gian Rinaldo Carli</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Parini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Parini (trang không tồn tại)">Giuseppe Parini</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Goldoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlo Goldoni (trang không tồn tại)">Carlo Goldoni</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vittorio_Alfieri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vittorio Alfieri (trang không tồn tại)">Vittorio Alfieri</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Baretti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Baretti (trang không tồn tại)">Giuseppe Baretti</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Galvani" title="Luigi Galvani">Luigi Galvani</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Alessandro Volta</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi">Antonio Vivaldi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Scarlatti" title="Domenico Scarlatti">Domenico Scarlatti</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.75em;">Bồ Đào Nha</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebasti%C3%A3o_de_Melo,_H%E1%BA%A7u_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_Pombal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sebastião de Melo, Hầu tước Pombal (trang không tồn tại)">Sebastião de Melo, Hầu tước Pombal</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_V_c%E1%BB%A7a_B%E1%BB%93_%C4%90%C3%A0o_Nha" title="João V của Bồ Đào Nha">João V</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_I_c%E1%BB%A7a_B%E1%BB%93_%C4%90%C3%A0o_Nha" title="José I của Bồ Đào Nha">José I</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.75em;">Rumania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ien%C4%83chi%C5%A3%C4%83_V%C4%83c%C4%83rescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ienăchiţă Văcărescu (trang không tồn tại)">Ienăchiţă Văcărescu</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton_Pann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anton Pann (trang không tồn tại)">Anton Pann</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe_%C5%9Eincai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gheorghe Şincai (trang không tồn tại)">Gheorghe Şincai</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.75em;">Tây Ban Nha</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaspar_Melchor_de_Jovellanos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos (trang không tồn tại)">Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leandro_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Morat%C3%ADn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leandro Fernández de Moratín (trang không tồn tại)">Leandro Fernández de Moratín</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benito_Jer%C3%B3nimo_Feij%C3%B3o_y_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro (trang không tồn tại)">Benito J. Feijoo</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Carlos_III_c%E1%BB%A7a_T%C3%A2y_Ban_Nha" title="Carlos III của Tây Ban Nha">Carlos III</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jorge_Juan_y_Santacilia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jorge Juan y Santacilia (trang không tồn tại)">Jorge Juan y Santacilia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_de_Ulloa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio de Ulloa (trang không tồn tại)">Antonio de Ulloa</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A1_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_Floridablanca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bá tước Floridablanca (trang không tồn tại)">Bá tước Floridablanca</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" title="Francisco de Goya">Francisco de Goya</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Soler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Soler (trang không tồn tại)">Antonio Soler</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A9lix_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Samaniego&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Félix María de Samaniego (trang không tồn tại)">Félix María de Samaniego</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_de_Cadalso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José de Cadalso (trang không tồn tại)">José de Cadalso</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Mel%C3%A9ndez_Vald%C3%A9s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Meléndez Valdés (trang không tồn tại)">Juan Meléndez Valdés</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom%C3%A1s_de_Iriarte_y_Oropesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomás de Iriarte y Oropesa (trang không tồn tại)">Tomás de Iriarte y Oropesa</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Pablo_Abarca_de_Bolea,_B%C3%A1_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_Aranda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, Bá tước Aranda (trang không tồn tại)">Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, Bá tước Aranda</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Bán_đảo_Scandinavia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1n_%C4%91%E1%BA%A3o_Scandinavia" title="Bán đảo Scandinavia">Bán đảo Scandinavia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.75em;">Đan Mạch - Na Uy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ludvig_Holberg" title="Ludvig Holberg">Ludvig Holberg</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jens_Schielderup_Sneedorff" title="Jens Schielderup Sneedorff">Jens Schielderup Sneedorff</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Friedrich_Struensee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Friedrich Struensee (trang không tồn tại)">Johann Friedrich Struensee</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Eggert_%C3%93lafsson" title="Eggert Ólafsson">Eggert Ólafsson</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%9Di_k%E1%BB%B3_T%E1%BB%B1_do&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thời kỳ Tự do (trang không tồn tại)">Thụy Điển</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Chydenius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anders Chydenius (trang không tồn tại)">Anders Chydenius</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l" title="Peter Forsskål">Peter Forsskål</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Gustav_III_c%E1%BB%A7a_Th%E1%BB%A5y_%C4%90i%E1%BB%83n" title="Gustav III của Thụy Điển">Gustav III</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arvid_Horn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvid Horn (trang không tồn tại)">Arvid Horn</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Henric_Kellgren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Henric Kellgren (trang không tồn tại)">Johan Henric Kellgren</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg">Emanuel Swedenborg</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Các_chủ_đề_liên_quan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Các chủ đề liên quan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; 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