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<title> Child Well-Being - Population Reference Bureau </title>  <meta name="title" content="Child Well-Being"> <meta name="type" content="SubSection"> <meta name="language" content="english"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/><meta name="CODE_LANGUAGE" content="C#"/><meta name="vs_defaultClientScript" content="JavaScript"/><meta name="vs_targetSchema" content="http://schemas.microsoft.com/intellisense/ie5"/>  <link href="/web/20091008194748cs_/http://www.prb.org/default.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20091008194748cs_/http://www.prb.org/css/styles_legacy.css?param=3"/><link href="/web/20091008194748cs_/http://www.prb.org/css/styles_home.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="/web/20091008194748cs_/http://www.prb.org/css/new_banner.css?param=2" rel="stylesheet"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20091008194748cs_/http://www.prb.org/css/superfish.css?param=2" media="screen"/> <script type="text/javascript" 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<br/> <div id="ctl15_ctl06_ctl05_pnlSuper"> <div id="browsebox3" style="TEXT-ALIGN: left">QUICK LINKS</div> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="225" bgcolor="#efebde" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008194748/http://www.prbblog.org/"><img hspace="6" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images08/blogart.gif" border="0"/></a></td> <td class="featuretextsmall" valign="top" align="left"><strong><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008194748/http://www.prbblog.org/"><strong>PRB Blog </strong></a></strong><br/>Read and respond to what PRB colleagues are thinking about—Behind the Numbers</td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left" colspan="2"><img height="2" alt="Divider" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images/browsedivider.gif" width="225" vspace="5"/></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008194748/http://discuss.prb.org/"><img hspace="6" 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</strong></a></strong><br/>Evidence-based analyses to inform health policymaking in developing countries.</td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left" colspan="2"><img height="2" alt="Divider" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images/browsedivider.gif" width="225" vspace="5"/></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div>  <p><br/> <div id="featuredlinksbox"> <div id="ctl15_ctl08_ctl01_pnlTitle"> <div id="titles"><span class="titletext">Child Well-Being</span></div> </div> <br/> <h1>Child Well-Being</h1> <h2>Overview</h2> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="228" align="right" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="8" height="232"><img height="8" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images/1px_clear.gif" width="20" border="0"/></td> <td width="220"> <hr align="center" width="220" color="#cf7217"/> <p><b>Research in Progress</b><br/><font class="biblio"><img height="8" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images/1px_clear.gif" width="20" border="0"/><img height="5" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/test/topics/blackdot.gif" width="5"/>  <a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/CPIPR/Topics/ChildWellBeing/RecentPubs.aspx">Recent Publications </a></font><br/><font class="biblio"><img height="8" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images/1px_clear.gif" width="20" border="0"/><img height="5" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/test/topics/blackdot.gif" width="5"/>  <a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/CPIPR/Topics/ChildWellBeing/FundedActivities.aspx">NICHD-Funded Activities</a></font></p> <p class="small"><b>Press Releases</b><br/><font class="biblio"><img height="8" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images/1px_clear.gif" width="20" border="0"/><img height="5" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/test/topics/blackdot.gif" width="5"/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008194748/http://www.pop.psu.edu/searchable/press/mar2209.htm" target="_blank">Education Slowing AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa (March 2009)</a></font><br/><img height="8" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images/1px_clear.gif" width="20" border="0"/><img height="5" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/test/topics/blackdot.gif" width="5"/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008194748/http://www.pop.psu.edu/searchable/press/feb2107.htm" target="_blank">Race May Play a Role in Children's Asthma Care (February 2007)</a> <br/><img height="8" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images/1px_clear.gif" width="20" border="0"/><img height="5" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/test/topics/blackdot.gif" width="5"/><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008194748/http://www.pop.psu.edu/searchable/press/jan0307.htm" target="_blank">Researcher Says Childhood Obesity May Be More Prevalent in Rural Areas (January 2007)</a><br/><img height="8" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images/1px_clear.gif" width="20" border="0"/><img height="5" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/test/topics/blackdot.gif" width="5"/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008194748/http://www.pop.psu.edu/searchable/press/sept0506.htm" target="_blank">Identifying Risk for Obesity in Early Childhood (September 2006)</a><br/><img height="8" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images/1px_clear.gif" width="20" border="0"/><img height="5" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/test/topics/blackdot.gif" width="5"/> <font class="biblio"><a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/CPIPR/Topics/ChildWellBeing/PressReleaseArchives.aspx">Archives</a></font></p> <p class="small"><b>Contacts</b><br/><img height="8" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images/1px_clear.gif" width="20" border="0"/><img height="5" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/test/topics/blackdot.gif" width="5"/><font class="biblio"><a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/CPIPR/Topics/ChildWellBeing/Contacts.aspx#nichd">NICHD Population Centers</a><br/><img height="8" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images/1px_clear.gif" width="20" border="0"/><img height="5" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/test/topics/blackdot.gif" width="5" border="0"/> <a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/CPIPR/Topics/ChildWellBeing/Contacts.aspx#dbsb">DBSB Programs</a><br/><img height="8" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images/1px_clear.gif" width="20" border="0"/><img height="5" src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/test/topics/blackdot.gif" width="5"/> <a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/CPIPR/Topics/ChildWellBeing/Contacts.aspx#prb">PRB Staff</a></font></p> <hr align="center" width="220" color="#cf7217"/> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>(April 2009) Children remain a substantial proportion of the U.S. population. The population ages 18 and younger is 25 percent in 2003 of the U.S. population in 2007 and projected to be 23 percent of the population in 2050. One overall composite indicator of child well-being in the U.S. (CWI) suggests that children's circumstances have improved since 1995 (Land 2005). However, several indicators show that disparities across racial and ethnic groups have persisted over time. In addition, although most children do well in any number of different family structures, some positive outcomes are significantly more likely in certain types of families. </p> <p>As the U.S. population becomes more racially and ethnically diverse, so too does the population of children, with 21 percent of U.S. children in 2007 being of Hispanic origin, and 20 percent being Hispanic and non-Hispanic blacks and Asians. Disparities across racial and ethnic groups have persisted over time. Notably, infant mortality (before age 1), child mortality (ages 1-4, ages 5-14 and ages 15-17), and low birth-weight babies are much more prevalent in the non-Hispanic black population. </p> <ul class="biblio"> <li><img src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images2/bullet-arrow.gif"/> <a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/CPIPR/Topics/ChildWellBeing/Trends.aspx">Trends</a> </li> <li><img src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images2/bullet-arrow.gif"/> <a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/CPIPR/Topics/ChildWellBeing/Disparities.aspx">Disparities Across Population Groups and Space</a> </li> <li><img src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images2/bullet-arrow.gif"/> <a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/CPIPR/Topics/ChildWellBeing/Research.aspx">Research Highlights and Policy Initiatives</a> </li> <li><img src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images2/bullet-arrow.gif"/> <a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/CPIPR/Topics/ChildWellBeing/Sources.aspx">Sources and Notes</a></li></ul> <h2>Available Data </h2> <ul class="biblio"> <li><img src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images2/bullet-arrow.gif"/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008194748/http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealth/data/publicdata" target="_blank">National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health)</a> </li> <li><img src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images2/bullet-arrow.gif"/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008194748/http://www.fragilefamilies.princeton.edu/public.asp" target="_blank">Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study</a> </li> <li><img src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images2/bullet-arrow.gif"/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008194748/http://simba.isr.umich.edu/" target="_blank">Panel Study of Income Dynamics-Child Development Supplement</a> </li> <li><img src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images2/bullet-arrow.gif"/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008194748/http://www.bls.gov/nls/nlsdata.htm" target="_blank">National Longitudinal Survey of Youth</a> </li> <li><img src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images2/bullet-arrow.gif"/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008194748/http://www.socio.com/srch/summary/cwp/3citycomp.htm" target="_blank">Welfare, Children and Families: A Three City Study</a> </li> <li><img src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images2/bullet-arrow.gif"/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008194748/http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/cocoon/DSDR/STUDY/22940.xml">Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey</a></li></ul> <h2>Recent PRB Publications</h2> <ul class="biblio"> <li><img src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images2/bullet-arrow.gif"/> New Orleans—Key Indicators of Child Well-Being, 2004 (<a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/pdf05/NewOrleansChildWellbeing_Chart.pdf">PDF: 17KB</a>) </li> <li><img src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images2/bullet-arrow.gif"/> American Indian and Alaska Native Children: Results From the 2000 Census (<a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/pdf05/AmericanIndianAlaskaChildren.pdf">PDF: 301KB</a>) </li> <li><img src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images2/bullet-arrow.gif"/> Children in Immigrant Families: U.S. and State-Level Findings... (<a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/pdf05/ChildrenInImmigrant.pdf">PDF: 1.7M</a>) </li> <li><img src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images2/bullet-arrow.gif"/> The Growing Number of Kids in Severely Distressed Neighborhoods... (<a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/pdf/KidsDistressedNeighborhoods.pdf">PDF: 347KB</a>) </li> <li><img src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images2/bullet-arrow.gif"/> The Risk of Negative Child Outcomes in Low-Income Families (<a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/pdf06/RiskNegOut_Families.pdf">PDF: 514KB</a>) </li> <li><img src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images2/bullet-arrow.gif"/> The Concentration of Negative Child Outcomes in Low-Income Neighborhoods  (<a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/pdf06/NegChildOutcomes_Neighborhoods.pdf">PDF: 443KB</a>)</li></ul> <div id="ctl15_ctl08_ctl01_debugdiv"></div> </div> <div align="left"></div> </p> </div> </div> </div> <br/><br/>  <div align="center" style="clear: both"> <p> </p> <div align="center" id="ftr"><img src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images/footer2.gif" width="3" height="23" align="right"/><img src="/web/20091008194748im_/http://www.prb.org/images/footer1.gif" width="3" height="23" align="left"/><span class="footertext">Services: <a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/Rss.aspx">RSS Feeds</a>  ·  <a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/Home/EmailSignup.aspx">Get E-Mail News</a>  ·  <a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/Join.aspx">Join/Renew Membership</a>  ·  <a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/Donate.aspx">Donate</a>  ·  <a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/Bookstore.aspx">Bookstore</a>  ·  <a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/Home/Contact.aspx">Contact</a>  · <a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/SpanishContent.aspx">Español</a>  · <a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/FrenchContent.aspx">Français</a></span></div> <span class="footer2text"><b>Copyright 2009, Population Reference Bureau.</b> All rights reserved. • <a href="/web/20091008194748/http://www.prb.org/Home/Privacy.aspx">Privacy Policy</a></span><br/> <span class="footer2text">1875 Connecticut Avenue, NW • Suite 520 • Washington, DC 20009-5728 • USA <br/> <b>Phone:</b> 800-877-9881 • <b>Fax:</b> 202-328-3937 • <b>E-mail:</b> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008194748/mailto:popref@prb.org">popref@prb.org</a></span><br/> </div> <span class="footer2text">  </span> <span class="footer2text">   </span>  </form> <div id="debugdiv"> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? 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