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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ensaluti</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Paĝoj por elsalutitaj redaktistoj <a href="/wiki/Helpo:Enkonduko" aria-label="Lernu pli pri redaktado"><span>Lernu pli</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Miaj_kontribuoj" title="Listo de redaktoj faritaj el ĉi tiu IPa adreso [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribuoj</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Mia_diskutpa%C4%9Do" title="Diskuto pri redaktoj sub tiu ĉi IP adreso [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuto</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retejo"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Enhavo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Enhavo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Komenco</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Notacio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notacio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Notacio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notacio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecoj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecoj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ecoj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecoj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Enhavo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Enhavtabelo" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Duvalenta operacio</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Iru al artikolo en alia lingvo. Havebla en 66 lingvo" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 lingvoj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عملية ثنائية — araba" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عملية ثنائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_binaria" title="Operación binaria — astura" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Operación binaria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Бінарная аперацыя — belorusa" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бінарная аперацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belorusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бинарна операция — bulgara" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бинарна операция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8_(%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4)" title="অপারেশন (গণিত) — bengala" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অপারেশন (গণিত)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binarna_operacija" title="Binarna operacija — bosna" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Binarna operacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3_bin%C3%A0ria" title="Operació binària — kataluna" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Operació binària" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataluna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ژمێرەکاریی دوانی — sorana" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژمێرەکاریی دوانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_operace" title="Binární operace — ĉeĥa" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Binární operace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ĉeĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Бинарлă операци — ĉuvaŝa" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Бинарлă операци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ĉuvaŝa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin%C3%A6r_operator" title="Binær operator — dana" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Binær operator" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweistellige_Verkn%C3%BCpfung" title="Zweistellige Verknüpfung — germana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zweistellige Verknüpfung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BE%CE%B7" title="Δυαδική πράξη — greka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυαδική πράξη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_operation" title="Binary operation — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Binary operation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_binaria" title="Operación binaria — hispana" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Operación binaria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binaarne_tehe" title="Binaarne tehe — estona" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Binaarne tehe" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eragiketa_bitar" title="Eragiketa bitar — eŭska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eragiketa bitar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="eŭska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="عمل دوتایی — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عمل دوتایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin%C3%A4%C3%A4rioperaatio" title="Binäärioperaatio — finna" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Binäärioperaatio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_binaire" title="Opération binaire — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Opération binaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obrachadh_c%C3%A0raideach" title="Obrachadh càraideach — skot-gaela" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Obrachadh càraideach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skot-gaela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_binaria" title="Operación binaria — galega" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Operación binaria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="פעולה בינארית — hebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פעולה בינארית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binarna_operacija" title="Binarna operacija — kroata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Binarna operacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_binari" title="Operation binari — Interlingvao" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Operation binari" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingvao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operasi_biner" title="Operasi biner — indonezia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Operasi biner" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaco_binara" title="Operaco binara — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Operaco binara" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B0ger%C3%B0_(st%C3%A6r%C3%B0fr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Aðgerð (stærðfræði) — islanda" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Aðgerð (stærðfræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operazione_binaria" title="Operazione binaria — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Operazione binaria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%A0%85%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97" title="二項演算 — japana" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="二項演算" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%95%AD_%EC%97%B0%EC%82%B0" title="이항 연산 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이항 연산" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiryar_(matemat%C3%AEk)" title="Kiryar (matematîk) — kurda" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kiryar (matematîk)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin%C4%81ra_oper%C4%81cija" title="Bināra operācija — latva" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bināra operācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operasi_biner" title="Operasi biner — minankabaŭa" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Operasi biner" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minankabaŭa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="ദ്വയാങ്കസംക്രിയ — malajalama" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദ്വയാങ്കസംക്രിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Хоёртын үйлдэл — mongola" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хоёртын үйлдэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operasi_dedua" title="Operasi dedua — malaja" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Operasi dedua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binaire_operatie" title="Binaire operatie — nederlanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Binaire operatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin%C3%A6r_operasjon" title="Binær operasjon — novnorvega" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Binær operasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novnorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin%C3%A6r_operasjon" title="Binær operasjon — dannorvega" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Binær operasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="dannorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8i_de_composicion_int%C3%A8rna" title="Lèi de composicion intèrna — okcitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lèi de composicion intèrna" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzia%C5%82anie_dwuargumentowe" title="Działanie dwuargumentowe — pola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Działanie dwuargumentowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operassion" title="Operassion — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Operassion" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_bin%C3%A1ria" title="Operação binária — portugala" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Operação binária" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%C8%9Bie_binar%C4%83" title="Operație binară — rumana" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Operație binară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бинарная операция — rusa" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бинарная операция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opirazzioni_binaria" title="Opirazzioni binaria — sicilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Opirazzioni binaria" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binarna_operacija" title="Binarna operacija — serbo-Kroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Binarna operacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-Kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_operation" title="Binary operation — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Binary operation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin%C3%A1rna_oper%C3%A1cia" title="Binárna operácia — slovaka" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Binárna operácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvo%C4%8Dlena_operacija" title="Dvočlena operacija — slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dvočlena operacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veprimi_binar" title="Veprimi binar — albana" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Veprimi binar" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Бинарна операција — serba" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бинарна операција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin%C3%A4r_operator" title="Binär operator — sveda" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Binär operator" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sveda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%88%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="ஈருறுப்புச் செயலி — tamila" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஈருறுப்புச் செயலி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84" title="การดำเนินการทวิภาค — taja" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การดำเนินการทวิภาค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operasyong_tambalan" title="Operasyong tambalan — tagaloga" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Operasyong tambalan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0kili_i%C5%9Flem" title="İkili işlem — turka" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İkili işlem" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Бінарна операція — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бінарна операція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A9p_to%C3%A1n_hai_ng%C3%B4i" title="Phép toán hai ngôi — vjetnama" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phép toán hai ngôi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97" title="二元运算 — vua" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="二元运算" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бинарн операция — kalmuka" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Бинарн операция" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A2" title="בינארישע אפעראציע — jida" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בינארישע אפעראציע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jida" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97" title="二元运算 — ĉina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="二元运算" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ĉina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="二元運算 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="二元運算" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="二元運算 — kantona" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="二元運算" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q164307#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redakti interlingvajn ligilojn" class="wbc-editpage">Redakti ligilojn</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomspacoj"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Duvalenta_operacio" title="Vidi la artikolon [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikolo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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dir="ltr"><table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" style="float:right; clear:right; color:black; background:#f9f9f9; border:1px solid #aaa; margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em; padding:0.2em; border-spacing:0.4em 0; text-align:center; line-height:1.4em; font-size:88%;" cellpadding=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; font-size:145%; line-height:1.15em; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Algebra_strukturo" title="Algebra strukturo">Algebraj strukturoj</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-bottom:0.2em;"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none; padding:0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Grupo_(algebro)" title="Grupo (algebro)">Grupo</a>-similaj</div><div class="NavContent" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.4em; text-align:center; border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><b><a href="/wiki/Grupo-teorio" title="Grupo-teorio">Grupo-teorio</a></b><div style="clear:both;"></div> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Duvalenta operacio</a><div style="clear:both;"></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Asocieco" title="Asocieco">Asocieco</a> • N <a href="/wiki/Ne%C5%ADtrala_elemento" class="mw-redirect" title="Neŭtrala elemento">Neŭtrala elemento</a> • I <a href="/wiki/Inversa_elemento" title="Inversa elemento">Inversa elemento</a> • </p> K <a href="/wiki/Komuteco" title="Komuteco">Komuteco</a><div style="clear:both;"></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Abela_grupo" class="mw-redirect" title="Abela grupo">Abela grupo</a> (ANIK) • <a href="/wiki/Grupo_(algebro)" title="Grupo (algebro)">Grupo</a> (ANI) • <a href="/wiki/Monoido" title="Monoido">Monoido</a> (AN) • <a href="/wiki/Duongrupo" class="mw-redirect" title="Duongrupo">Duongrupo</a> (A) • <a href="/wiki/Magmo_(matematiko)" title="Magmo (matematiko)">Magmo</a> </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kvaza%C5%ADgrupo" title="Kvazaŭgrupo">Kvazaŭgrupo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lopo" class="mw-disambig" title="Lopo">Lopo</a> • </p> <a href="/wiki/Grupo_de_Lie" title="Grupo de Lie">Lie-grupo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cikla_grupo" title="Cikla grupo">Cikla grupo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Simetria_grupo" title="Simetria grupo">Simetria grupo</a><div style="clear:both;"></div> <a href="/wiki/Grupa_homomorfio" title="Grupa homomorfio">Grupa homomorfio</a> • <a href="/wiki/Normala_subgrupo" title="Normala subgrupo">Normala subgrupo</a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-bottom:0.2em;"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none; padding:0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ringo_(algebro)" title="Ringo (algebro)">Ringo</a>-similaj</div><div class="NavContent" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.4em; text-align:center; border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><b><a href="/wiki/Ringo-teorio" title="Ringo-teorio">Ringo-teorio</a></b><div style="clear:both;"></div> <a href="/wiki/Distribueco" title="Distribueco">Distribueco</a><div style="clear:both;"></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ringo_(algebro)" title="Ringo (algebro)">Ringo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Komuta_ringo" title="Komuta ringo">Komuta ringo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Integreca_ringo" title="Integreca ringo">Integreca ringo</a> • </p> <a href="/wiki/Kampo_(algebro)" title="Kampo (algebro)">Kampo</a><div style="clear:both;"></div> <a href="/wiki/Ringa_homomorfio" title="Ringa homomorfio">Ringa homomorfio</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nuldivizoro" title="Nuldivizoro">Nuldivizoro</a> • <a href="/wiki/Idealo_(algebro)" title="Idealo (algebro)">Idealo</a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-bottom:0.2em;"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none; padding:0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Modulo_(algebro)" title="Modulo (algebro)">Modulo</a>-similaj</div><div class="NavContent" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.4em; text-align:center; border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lineara_algebro" title="Lineara algebro">Lineara algebro</a></b><div style="clear:both;"></div> <a href="/wiki/Modulo_(algebro)" title="Modulo (algebro)">Modulo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vektora_spaco" title="Vektora spaco">Vektora spaco</a><div style="clear:both;"></div> <a href="/wiki/Lineara_transformo" title="Lineara transformo">Lineara transformo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bazo_(lineara_algebro)" title="Bazo (lineara algebro)">Bazo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dimensio" title="Dimensio">Dimensio</a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr><td class="shangu-shablonon infoboximage" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em"><div class="noprint toccolours" style="border:2px solid #a2a9b1;padding:5px;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;font-size:xx-small;font-weight:normal"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Projekto:%C5%9Cablonoj" title="Projekto:Ŝablonoj"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/15px-Information_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/23px-Information_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/30px-Information_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><span class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Cablono:Algebraj_strukturoj" title="Ŝablono:Algebraj strukturoj">v</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Cablono-Diskuto:Algebraj_strukturoj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ŝablono-Diskuto:Algebraj strukturoj (paĝo ne ekzistas)">d</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Cablono%3AAlgebraj_strukturoj&action=edit">r</a></span></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Duvalenta operacio</b> aŭ <b>duargumenta operacio</b> estas <a href="/wiki/Operacio_(matematiko)" title="Operacio (matematiko)">operacio</a> kies <a href="/wiki/Valento_(matematiko)" title="Valento (matematiko)">valento</a> estas du, do <a href="/wiki/Funkcio_(matematiko)" title="Funkcio (matematiko)">funkcio</a> ĵetanta <a href="/wiki/Kartezia_produto" title="Kartezia produto">kartezian produton</a> <i>A</i>×<i>B</i> de du aroj al iu aro <i>C</i>. </p><p>Tre ofte <i>A</i>, <i>B</i> kaj <i>C</i> estas la sama aro, kaj do temas pri funkcio ĵetanta <i>A</i>×<i>A</i> al <i>A</i> — tian ĉi apartan specon de operacio oni nomas <b>interna operacio</b> sur la aro <i>A</i>. Tiaj estas, ekzemple, la bazaj operacioj <a href="/wiki/Adicio" title="Adicio">adicio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subtraho" title="Subtraho">subtraho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multipliko" title="Multipliko">multipliko</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/Divido" title="Divido">divido</a>, kvankam por multaj <a href="/wiki/Algebra_strukturo" title="Algebra strukturo">algebraj strukturoj</a> divido estas difinita ne sur la tuta aro <i>A</i>×<i>A</i> (divido per <a href="/wiki/Nulo" title="Nulo">nulo</a> ne estas difinita en <a href="/wiki/Ringo_(algebro)" title="Ringo (algebro)">ringoj</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notacio">Notacio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duvalenta_operacio&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakti sekcion: Notacio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duvalenta_operacio&action=edit&section=1" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Notacio"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Por la duvalentaj operacioj plej ofte oni uzas <a href="/wiki/Intermeta_operaciskribo" title="Intermeta operaciskribo">intermetan operaciskribon</a>, ĉe kiu la <a href="/wiki/Operacisimbolo" title="Operacisimbolo">operacisimbolo</a> situas inter la <a href="/wiki/Operando" title="Operando">operandoj</a>. </p><p>Pluraj duvalentaj operacioj povas kombiniĝi, ekzemple: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (a+b)\times (c-d)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>×</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (a+b)\times (c-d)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bec0ceb82bc48a2b5ffc55e6ed20bd9b69f49f53" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.59ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (a+b)\times (c-d)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>En <a href="/wiki/Komputado" title="Komputado">komputado</a> aŭ en matematiko por eviti la neceson uzi krampojn, oni povas uzi <b>senkrampajn operaciskribojn</b>: </p> <ul><li><b>antaŭmeta operaciskribo</b> (la operacisigno antaŭ la operandoj): <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \times +a\ b-c\ d}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>×</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>b</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>d</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \times +a\ b-c\ d}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f8914694ea4332b7cc9866ed6dfbadf7cde9cf71" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:13.1ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \times +a\ b-c\ d}"></span></li> <li><b>postmeta operaciskribo</b> (la operacisigno post la operandoj): <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a\ b+c\ d-\times }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>b</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>d</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mo>×</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a\ b+c\ d-\times }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bfead385f2128968ee50a82a9d6c83ac1603504a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:13.1ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a\ b+c\ d-\times }"></span></li></ul> <p>Ankaŭ ekzistas la <b>funkcia operaciskribo</b> kun literaj funkcinomoj anstataŭ simboloj, kaj krampoj, ekz-e: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(g(a,b),h(c,d))}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(g(a,b),h(c,d))}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/785230570d78dc6c98e1c0ff68fd659f90714cd5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.713ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(g(a,b),h(c,d))}"></span> aŭ <code>mult(plus(a,b),minus(c,d))</code>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecoj">Ecoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duvalenta_operacio&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redakti sekcion: Ecoj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duvalenta_operacio&action=edit&section=2" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Ecoj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Duvalentajn operaciojn oni ofte karakterizas per iliaj proprecoj, ekz-e <a href="/wiki/Komuteco" title="Komuteco">komuteco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asocieco" title="Asocieco">asocieco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Distribueco" title="Distribueco">distribueco</a>. </p> <div class="noprint" id="aliaj_projektoj" style="float: right; clear: right; 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