CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135724b6f1887a8',cH: 'nsqYrCthEasd1ogsIaSqBC.xWiBiozLNbDbVZb01nPU-1739791838-1.2.1.1-qF52FzKZ9Lq2rK3PQP2_oKwOZpnI8uup6SLp0DsB4PvGWp9CXvhiI9XkohyetijO',cUPMDTk: "\/10010232\/reduction-of-plants-biodiversity-in-hyrcanian-forest-by-coal-mining-activities?__cf_chl_tk=cLmbEArpMmz9okiraw5Fi9Z5grvbq0iQ4ka5Mm8Eq84-1739791838-1.0.1.1-MIsv8Xl0KVcmYx1Gnvl3y63zoo8HB.tvccGzAs85DKo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739791838',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10010232\/reduction-of-plants-biodiversity-in-hyrcanian-forest-by-coal-mining-activities?__cf_chl_f_tk=cLmbEArpMmz9okiraw5Fi9Z5grvbq0iQ4ka5Mm8Eq84-1739791838-1.0.1.1-MIsv8Xl0KVcmYx1Gnvl3y63zoo8HB.tvccGzAs85DKo",md: "L0cJxB7tuRsKUzj2S4m1BQhLi6YXapqEvmRWtqbu2AY-1739791838-1.2.1.1-pUAAnrydhfPeyzbs8Lhrn0POJu_kk0CKgcOqnp5u.DalrwIfyciUEFKk2bPoYawQp0126daMa73.6vuNEY8mAXYeMtSdvb.CMlYPWihC1jP4DSyC4jEY.AJd_nDXBlieqotanu7arp8RWVo1GFacd.yTr5pVsOyunZAsW1bSvU3j5QKjbrsiKh7nMOkKLY3q2wZXGGiPIiWo.kV_XKlOfdRe73WaSXH0y.HvA.XSUQl3ho8QlVCC4xbU2KiMxOgcP0Cc9aQ0maSkUT_Xid3xag9tsKE_LsAHjAbTuNgvEztJZ.vp30UkjXkemDLljD.IpviHx4UPEa8rJ5xLNVyq3Yq0zYj5_s12ysAAjeRRANvqyM3FKzk_1.hFNIs.rP8oohH3Z6DYXI7LF5KcvM8smUr1gqZFOmMckaQ5rgYiEYSQMAYLXG49or22uM9rMZ5_C4id5jyUGAOXMm2ptCSMHPi5kSuCcx3F537_qkMmZPnEBksM37OZKtIH1kes.VlTdu7Mv5awXRT.EVooEoHuKJH1wwYkO.d8WcfHaJ51pT0oEuRaoBKKAPkyPDQqW.YlXO_WUG0qrHFJQenXV9JQ96sCjRT68LMQVde7QsJ2li8r6LRQdoO6gV5pd6i2TK6r3T.RNdGxkHN4DPX06EQdlwM7LbHUzQYrpsITI2xxfC9mK0peBmTh4j0KksHvVX8pIaksghVAK4ERINR8AePuiu7UBsWYqehU3gSFHPbUj9nOcltOcKqF9rC3j3TM0GNv03iKH826Rp80uKO235ZuKd19Ys6J.fSEhL6vgrPwh4mnW7PK6pu5ss0OXOJoxBI3IyeTAfzzlWTAkh2MGWvx4KMaaBmocOrD2KP8XOVnKu8KpFEbWNatO5G4wH_pO04HzS9SnKbOxjoKZKbdBS1MAq10ydPS5OrxrFSuqYlgGvFj5AwOawdYYd0.BaOiB2zfbPYll0iyslFGTjtspTgwy95COZZjfPYhh7mYOqlrBKJcli8obZd25T.vOFEMrs116yKThB5y6ZFLymIkqoPR1BPoMd9LVfCFmBvRSMX2HcsWSL2N8AFii3fpct62VkoBFz67Yo9YRyhVS60kMaPswarHsMibSGCTr_ghkK24p4yugc7NyCcoJjrufRy9SZPizyeBscma0esigR83SWidcazV4AO_Ah4ZkPhUpTJeY3RD9p4U4CksR2LEbg_CIYtdwKxJzZCKikZRpkucTlUwXcZJgn9c5wuriRpizZoVg45duLVdmV.EBLhmk0yS3bN0tCwxPuKNmfhIH7T_QVhBwSlr3xgicahBt1tuG86Z3IfGsiEW9w9mUSmdLwMWXvvnivTDUYOWprBR48p_92g5sSxWiftWxpXuVtdDunMwDXvGqN_OZcFGPvovnvlTni9tx1VrjxcVtJ7YPbIStlpuFJp0ywtExO4ykcDikJ9fPzRRmrdlT.D2Wv6oafVjmVvH_ZEaihZQgVX7GcDD7ngKzMLKxH3U6K1zUrhbJq06OrKfwhQJzUPNCWa4L2V2tb6N7MfTUugVxwFVyWuhdiNw1rqHFc3L9Ltp9dZl1lXmz6lec7kLjCBw_m0JuW6_KZYQlthBK0DZgQgVA.jTjLZ4KarKObiNuyHZ.o20y90nBUsLlqWtmFpiKB0nUs4p_xtVEpRRaGH_6kNqc8_3CaNXk89S.s.5WA7WvCEqy07HDAQ00eLqy52IpNZs1U_NmyoJ6C0.ikNxbqxRFCwWgr1VAIIsNoNAjFSrwwiM8yGGQygocR10d.mxLa2hj3hqekiVhZrulPF3n.aI1CKd6bE1Bvj_p438j7KyoAToKGogOeCbBUy2K8pQJOMzlm84aG4JvgraAaGvG4TDV.W4I9cCKAHVb8tjgc_UqFCn2IwogxRIxV5VEqluQT.0B2qTTyYRTtd7r32RzB6hnOgOwbsCtbZUzA8ZS9F840lTtKVYa54e5uvaxuD_H78BQNgpd5PKV1gWyUmVaqdFuoPNAM59nw8zUHDSGj5MCn6H5GUBPCkSpaCbnlvSu7AGlK0VjSj518s_j8esRqEsT5pI5u2WF.rXyn3roPaOZ1XcgUmrHUc",mdrd: "5EWJKKDquNmApmbKVzYAS2hiv4PB1S3TqkjOzoRZhEE-1739791838-1.2.1.1-czi9PsRi759RvoYL4X4FhqcT5c2RU5T4ORaVpSU6G2wl47D1Cv9_X7JjMoLzWdWs8_bLm62D4aV_raH8UOOh1KlUNXaeqJnkFHpfm88Rooi0XBnXCALkTO9lMML.wJepNit00YHpEhhprgJJnKINiHm37lXhtVzxGFbmZIFKkDOmoeJ8oo4AOZF1sqxlkWd_6RBz8qp8kNrf95ZiPQ3Bky95VBECqi.8hK4hrDlB8Tkx1WcYA.kyXvu5NjGDIl9HG6i6T1WfL12i7JcEJfaIIgYJWf6NlUp_AoscWLfUKPbGrI3xu_wT_VVGW9zDK5DmsVR4eqO_Co8DsoSCUR06VdCSYFtCwgdPigyf8F__PtMwt27Z92qIvjYYuWzBoQ7yhcWmfRVmHikKwJ_hUzIkHk_4gO3qV.HqxIaRpxWuMw25TBtmMujLWV74cJuaW3qGcx2Qa.qnudBgYXkGtDBm.PudnzMuQSAT7OJ2AP00gqfznDyK_flDxsoGDyZMCxmBE.Vxy8wk0C6WKmoFvpoPRbBajOTN0GEpiSLripOQuMsYAphgteBewa1a2mT72cVvias6dTPvFUEywt4.MpD.utvrGZpezIjVRtUN5iHtkjU9.nG7gbBROP_sM56nfoi5Uq6fNQ3lTxnRMpg.XcLm39vTflxSvYR2qtmliMMWVMFTZVrkxUBeVSipMkIT5p00Pkx4a_W8JMFWJy2IONdEGzwP3IzpeUvcJBfEdVdHm8UjWGBNaQCGhlCAQ0HDsFJBkubDbypYwmAU9.90WSYR3Bb0YvE._FEGAtwet.Idc0OIPHuS6xufFdi1mfoWcNhVG71YzABoENvRdsrKaoPRNBX0GfDpCtd3ZqR31cw88FTcTuojDP.3ZXgF.7KycqFpwFX.Ray2pSaNNwjwiL2T5r.e.tDfYGQMxx_GR9Pw.QBYq_NehI8kkAqCS6Gp_gIo6Vnz8wIeQuzdPLk6U._Ei6BOrcf8G5CgFD3zWTD11j8luYP7lT.6xHQBZnVitRYe2A4AKWp55Sfz5CMooU0vacVNbUDIEECBRFeFod5psDxHbDNXFb5OJZbLVK3RCm6ll8ZRKZhAaALPzRObysPfNwQTQJgopwSUs.XyDCnd3MIoElMTYrkSc74o0oPDc7Jv8yITui6Uy0UEAtcY.T2wAQIH0s8OubPVbGUmQVBgnNKCuDP7uQwirs.OOyBt8kfLZWN7oPQC0xOAo63NCyu5nC0kvaXpzsRyd0_8TUFibgpVaW_A15ZT4XtIgqsQ.KcQ7z5J5ASFX9QpJ0tDmxwpM6lLds.KgefufB0L905jI3Q5awhhnh7vLMz8VAlcBcXGAhz5AV82cQenW8gOlh2mF8egz6r_DwJR5gGkwlSOfNSNK8SMpz5y4rCB9gyZyMVwxDq8Ay_ro2q67oTLCklR3JjujSrn6ifOgtcLAnFblcr1_r1acwrvFhegx.K074Af1Slvdx1fclRY8fkkcu1qU74EpXNykDRnj4HLltLbLTJRLC__yRL4CKc14L1w7DwILsQYufszbxEqTrQm88nCjh35Ek5EspigQVvxXpxZbOswUUTFP0LnUEnCE1xG1Dl0xzy2XXvic14h8NMsLWHedD.by2f.FKuOPE4YOTjw4GP0ZGjvLBJtJFSkTuIEOSk_ysXgpswJjl8bbMfs18r5c.hLZ4SBcgTqcL5op9v8WvCcDjUJu9yYHl7rWKV4XF5H_MSm1A4O8OESWI_SPF3KFcHWaJwh5Qifw9HD7USQ2BidXeApArg.SF_LpOFBA_ZCfoUU7dpM_wXQ_XdU5rdxEbgwrDc5NT1Uh4675BfI1XPe4eQdm2Dz66xG63sxQx1LUsTDbfmojU.vKtEjSkGRU0wJRBFTgiXgbso_wF7twUEOInCtAh7MeFEFoWWZUmRoOI7_YhBiJh5Yf.mKwMMwMeSyFIw1L6ao7iO_EMtypJsppmulHg5RGIFCygEtyred"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135724b6f1887a8';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10010232\/reduction-of-plants-biodiversity-in-hyrcanian-forest-by-coal-mining-activities?__cf_chl_rt_tk=cLmbEArpMmz9okiraw5Fi9Z5grvbq0iQ4ka5Mm8Eq84-1739791838-1.0.1.1-MIsv8Xl0KVcmYx1Gnvl3y63zoo8HB.tvccGzAs85DKo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>