CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1120029812",accountID:"3387486",trustKey:"66686",xpid:"VwUPVlJbDhAJU1lXAgYOUFM=",licenseKey:"NRJS-9a9cccb33f0fcc3edf9",applicationID:"978557967"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>g,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),h(a.gm,f),h(c.prototype,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>s,Qu:()=>c,TZ:()=>a,ih:()=>u,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit"],o="api",a=n.K7.softNav,s={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},c={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},u={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>E,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>T,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",T="cb"+R,A="jsTime",E="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var S=r(9417),N=r(5603),O=r(5284);const _=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let I=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:j,loader_config:P,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();j||(x=L.init,j=L.info,P=L.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,N.a)(e.agentIdentifier,P||{}),j.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(j.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,j);const H=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),D=[j.beacon,j.errorBeacon];I||(H.proxy.assets&&(_(H.proxy.assets),D.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&D.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?D:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var A="api-",S=A+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(A,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const _=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(S+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function j(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{_[e]=I(S,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(S,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>j()),!0):j(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),I=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.274.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-1vUqEfJPB8Pihje9mv5CfYgkitO1FWcS+UQb84DbXqP8oYctRv4/lzl/MzNLPlRhcY1WVDBGL20I8vm6s2VV7g==",249:"sha512-Y/BeZAh6VSTmUtUNmS5XdyKxL92s30Fyyj8xVW76HSPxcKItL4+x2+kGMZc8pMJnUpZDz1L4eftZQAJh3D8NnA==",212:"sha512-Gn2tQ3qog5Yhrx/gRutkSTYPp+7nkKFt4/mIXg99LxcNpMDAYJZDBYmAACdoHNM86+iq1F3cBcQotFNzjIX8bw=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),T=i(2843),A=i(3878),E=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=E.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,E.T,t),p.RI&&((0,T.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(3969);class _ extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),j=i(3304);class P{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,j.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new P(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new P(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class D extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var M=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,M.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,j.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,j.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){T(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):T(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function T(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Te,Lc:Ae,uP:Ee,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Te;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Te,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ee,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class _e extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Oe.H3,"_").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class je extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var Pe=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function De(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const Me={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(Me[t.debugId]++)return t;Me[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:Je,e5:Qe,tH:$e,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=Pe;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=De(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Qe]=~~this[Qe]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on(Je,m),o.on(Je,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([$e+Ze,$e+"-done",$e+Xe+Ze,$e+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,Je,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,$e+Ze),v(d,$e+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];p.RI&&e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,_e,_,D,ot,ct,je,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://som.yale.edu/alumni" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="000f9f" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="16x16" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="32x32" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="96x96" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="192x192" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/favicon-192x192.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png" /> <meta property="og:type" content="Page" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://som.yale.edu/alumni" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Alumni" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://som.yale.edu/sites/default/files/styles/open_graph/public/2022-10/_DSC1891%20%282400%29.jpeg?h=c3635fa2&itok=lS8vxCsl" /> <meta property="og:image:url" content="https://som.yale.edu/sites/default/files/styles/open_graph/public/2022-10/_DSC1891%20%282400%29.jpeg?h=c3635fa2&itok=lS8vxCsl" /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2024-03-12T09:55:37-0400" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Alumni" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@YaleSOM" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://som.yale.edu/alumni" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://som.yale.edu/sites/default/files/styles/open_graph/public/2022-10/_DSC1891%20%282400%29.jpeg?h=c3635fa2&itok=lS8vxCsl" /> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({"entityBundle":"page","entityId":"243385","entityTitle":"Alumni","entityTaxonomy":[],"entityType":"node","entityCreated":"1622715840","entityCreatedDateIso":"2021-06-03T06:24:00-0400"});</script> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 9 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <style>html{box-sizing:border-box}*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box}body,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p,figure,blockquote,dl,dd{margin:0}ul[role=list],ol[role=list]{list-style:none}html:focus-within{scroll-behavior:auto}body{min-height:100vh;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed;line-height:1.5}img,picture{max-width:100%;display:block}input,button,textarea,select{font:inherit}@media(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){html:focus-within{scroll-behavior:auto}*,*::before,*::after{animation-duration:.01ms !important;animation-iteration-count:1 !important;transition-duration:.01ms !important;scroll-behavior:auto !important}}.motion{padding:0 1rem}@media(min-width: 920px){.motion__grid{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}}@media(min-width: 920px){.motion__grid-item{margin-bottom:1rem;margin-right:1rem;width:49%}.motion__grid-item:nth-child(2n){margin-right:0}}.demo-motion{background-color:clr(yale-grey);border-radius:2px;cursor:pointer;padding:3rem;text-align:center}.demo-motion::before{content:"Duration: 0.3s";display:block}.demo-motion::after{content:"Timing Function: ease-in-out"}.demo-motion span{display:block;margin:.25rem}.demo-motion--fade{transition:all .3s ease-in-out 0ms}.demo-motion--fade:hover,.demo-motion--fade:focus{background-color:clr(accent-high);color:clr(muted)}.demo-motion--slide-up{transition:transform .4s ease-in 0ms}.demo-motion--slide-up::before{content:"Duration: 0.4s";display:block}.demo-motion--slide-up::after{content:"Timing Function: ease-in"}.demo-motion--slide-up:hover,.demo-motion--slide-up:focus{transform:translateY(-10px)}.demo-motion--slide-down{transition:transform .2s linear 0ms}.demo-motion--slide-down::before{content:"Duration: 0.2s";display:block}.demo-motion--slide-down::after{content:"Timing Function: linear"}.demo-motion--slide-down:hover,.demo-motion--slide-down:focus{transform:translateY(10px)}.demo-motion--expand{transition:transform .3s cubic-bezier(0.17, 0.67, 0.83, 0.67) 0ms}.demo-motion--expand::before{content:"Duration: 0.3s";display:block}.demo-motion--expand::after{content:"Timing Function: cubic-bezier(.17,.67,.83,.67)"}.demo-motion--expand:hover,.demo-motion--expand:focus{transform:scale(1.03)}.menu__close-sub{--button-border: 0;--button-background-color: transparent;--button-padding: 0;--link-border: 0;--link-background-color: transparent;--link-padding: 0}:root [data-theme=default] *::selection{background:#000f9f;color:#fff}.site-header--center .site-header__submenu-container,.site-header--center .site-header__cta,.site-header__home-link,.site-header__cta,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open],.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link,[data-component-theme=dark]{--color: #bec8e0;--color-deemphasis: #9babd0;--border-color: #fff;--button-color: #fff;--heading-color: #fff;--link-color: #fff;--link-color-hover: #bec8e0;--paragraph-color: #bec8e0;--gn-logo-color: #fff;--yalesom-logo-text-color: #fff;--yalesom-logo-shield-outline-color: #9CB6D3}.site-header--center .site-header__submenu-container h2,.site-header--center .site-header__cta h2,.site-header__home-link h2,.site-header__cta h2,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] h2,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link h2,[data-component-theme=dark] h2,.site-header--center .site-header__submenu-container h3,.site-header--center .site-header__cta h3,.site-header__home-link h3,.site-header__cta h3,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] h3,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link h3,[data-component-theme=dark] h3,.site-header--center .site-header__submenu-container h4,.site-header--center .site-header__cta h4,.site-header__home-link h4,.site-header__cta h4,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] h4,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link h4,[data-component-theme=dark] h4,.site-header--center .site-header__submenu-container h5,.site-header--center .site-header__cta h5,.site-header__home-link h5,.site-header__cta h5,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] h5,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link h5,[data-component-theme=dark] h5,.site-header--center .site-header__submenu-container h6,.site-header--center .site-header__cta h6,.site-header__home-link h6,.site-header__cta h6,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] h6,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link h6,[data-component-theme=dark] h6{--color: #fff}.site-header--center .site-header__submenu-container svg:not(a svg),.site-header--center .site-header__cta svg:not(a svg),.site-header__home-link svg:not(a svg),.site-header__cta svg:not(a svg),.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] svg:not(a svg),.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link svg:not(a svg),[data-component-theme=dark] svg:not(a svg){fill:var(--svg-fill-color, #fff)}.site-header--center .site-header__submenu-container *::selection,.site-header--center .site-header__cta *::selection,.site-header__home-link *::selection,.site-header__cta *::selection,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] *::selection,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link *::selection,[data-component-theme=dark] *::selection{background:#fff;color:#000f9f}.site-header__menu,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu{scrollbar-color:var(--custom-scrollbar-color, #bec8e0) rgba(0,0,0,0);scrollbar-width:.5rem}.site-header__menu::-webkit-scrollbar,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu::-webkit-scrollbar{background:rgba(0,0,0,0);width:.5rem}.site-header__menu::-webkit-scrollbar-track,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu::-webkit-scrollbar-track{box-shadow:none}.site-header__menu::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece{background-color:var(--custom-scrollbar-track, #000f9f)}.site-header__menu::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:var(--custom-scrollbar-color, #bec8e0)}.node__header--story .node__summary,.node__header--story .node__metadata,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__help-text,.hero-animation__heading,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,.heading:not(h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6){--link-font-weight: 800;color:var(--heading-color, var(--color, inherit));font-size:var(--heading-font-size, var(--font-size, clamp( 0.6180469716rem, calc(0.4907292954rem + 0.5658563384vw), 1rem )));font-family:var(--heading-font-family, neue-haas-unica, HelveticaNeue, Arial, sans-serif);font-weight:var(--heading-font-weight, 800);letter-spacing:var(--heading-letter-spacing, -0.02rem);line-height:var(--heading-line-height, var(--line-height, 1.618));margin:var(--heading-margin, 0 0 0.25em);text-wrap:var(--heading-text-wrap)}h1,.heading--xl{--heading-font-size: clamp( 2.3211991627rem, calc(1.8430321352rem + 2.125186789vw), 3.7557002452rem );--heading-line-height: 1.1278325626;--heading-margin: 0 0 0.6180469716em;--heading-text-wrap: balance}.node__header--podcast .node__title,.hero-animation__heading,h2,.heading--l{--heading-font-size: clamp( 1.4346101129rem, calc(1.1390804297rem + 1.3134652589vw), 2.3211991627rem );--heading-line-height: 1.2720062893}.node__header--story .node__summary,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__help-text,h3,.heading--m{--heading-font-size: clamp( 1.1278325626rem, calc(1.0255733792rem + 0.4544852597vw), 1.4346101129rem );--heading-line-height: 1.4346101129}h4,.heading--s{--heading-font-size: clamp( 1rem, calc(0.9093312369rem + 0.4029722804vw), 1.2720062893rem );--heading-line-height: 1.4346101129}h5,.heading--xs{--color: #001c42;--heading-font-size: clamp( 0.7861596349rem, calc(0.7148795132rem + 0.3168005409vw), 1rem );--heading-line-height: 1.4346101129}h6,.heading--2xs{--color: #001c42;--heading-font-size: clamp( 0.6180469716rem, calc(0.5620094171rem + 0.2490557975vw), 0.7861596349rem );--heading-line-height: 1.618}.menu__button-inner{display:inline;-webkit-text-decoration:var(--link-text-decoration, underline);text-decoration:var(--link-text-decoration, underline);-webkit-text-decoration-color:var(--link-underline-color, #bec8e0);text-decoration-color:var(--link-underline-color, #bec8e0);text-decoration-thickness:var(--link-underline-size, 0.125em);-webkit-text-decoration-skip-ink:var(--link-underline-skip, none);text-decoration-skip-ink:var(--link-underline-skip, none);text-underline-offset:var(--link-underline-offset, 0.125em);transition:all 200ms ease-in-out}.menu__button-inner:hover,.menu__button-inner:focus-visible{--link-underline-offset: var(--link-underline-offset-hover, 0em);-webkit-text-decoration:var(--link-text-decoration-hover, underline);text-decoration:var(--link-text-decoration-hover, underline);-webkit-text-decoration-color:var(--link-underline-color, #bec8e0);text-decoration-color:var(--link-underline-color, #bec8e0);text-decoration-thickness:var(--link-hover-size, 0.125em)}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link,.menu a,.menu__link,.menu__expand-button .menu__title,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__link,.text-long a,p a,h1 a,h2 a,h3 a,h4 a,h5 a,h6 a,a figcaption,a p.has-style-annotation{display:var(--link-text-display, inline);-webkit-text-decoration:var(--link-text-decoration, underline);text-decoration:var(--link-text-decoration, underline);-webkit-text-decoration-color:var(--link-underline-color, #bec8e0);text-decoration-color:var(--link-underline-color, #bec8e0);text-decoration-thickness:var(--link-underline-size, 0.125em);-webkit-text-decoration-skip-ink:var(--link-underline-skip, none);text-decoration-skip-ink:var(--link-underline-skip, none);text-underline-offset:var(--link-underline-offset, 0.125em)}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link:hover,.menu a:hover,.menu__link:hover,.menu__expand-button .menu__title:hover,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__link:hover,.text-long a:hover,p a:hover,h1 a:hover,h2 a:hover,h3 a:hover,h4 a:hover,h5 a:hover,h6 a:hover,a figcaption:hover,a p.has-style-annotation:hover,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link:focus-visible,.menu a:focus-visible,.menu__link:focus-visible,.menu__expand-button .menu__title:focus-visible,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__link:focus-visible,.text-long a:focus-visible,p a:focus-visible,h1 a:focus-visible,h2 a:focus-visible,h3 a:focus-visible,h4 a:focus-visible,h5 a:focus-visible,h6 a:focus-visible,a figcaption:focus-visible,a p.has-style-annotation:focus-visible{--link-underline-offset: var(--link-underline-offset-hover, 0em);-webkit-text-decoration:var(--link-text-decoration-hover, underline);text-decoration:var(--link-text-decoration-hover, underline);-webkit-text-decoration-color:var(--link-underline-color, #bec8e0);text-decoration-color:var(--link-underline-color, #bec8e0);text-decoration-thickness:var(--link-hover-size, 0.3125em)}.text-long>div,p{color:var(--paragraph-color, var(--color, inherit));font-size:var(--paragraph-font-size, var(--font-size, clamp( 1rem, calc(0.9093312369rem + 0.4029722804vw), 1.2720062893rem )));font-weight:var(--paragraph-font-weight, var(--font-weight, 300));font-family:var(--paragraph-font-family, var(--font-family, inherit));line-height:var(--paragraph-line-height, var(--line-height, 1.618));margin:var(--paragraph-margin, 0 0 1em)}.node__header--event .node__event-details{font-size:var(--font-size, clamp( 1rem, calc(0.9093312369rem + 0.4029722804vw), 1.2720062893rem ));font-family:var(--font-family, YaleNew, Times New Roman, serif);line-height:var(--font-line-height, 1.618)}p.has-size-xl{--font-size: clamp( 2.3211991627rem, calc(1.8430321352rem + 2.125186789vw), 3.7557002452rem );--line-height: 1.1278325626}.site-header__cta-text,p.has-size-lg{--font-size: clamp( 1.2720062893rem, calc(1.0099729937rem + 1.1645924249vw), 2.0581061761rem );--line-height: 1.2720062893}.text__byline{--font-size: clamp( 1rem, calc(0.9093312369rem + 0.4029722804vw), 1.2720062893rem )}.node__header--podcast-series .node__header-after .details-with-image,p.has-size-sm,figcaption,p.has-style-annotation{--font-size: clamp( 0.7861596349rem, calc(0.7148795132rem + 0.3168005409vw), 1rem )}[stuck] .menu--secondary-menu .menu__heading,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__description{position:absolute !important;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);overflow:hidden;height:1px;width:1px;word-wrap:normal}html{box-sizing:border-box;font-size:112.5%;scroll-padding-top:6.25rem}body{--header-menu-top: 0px;--content-safe-area-left: 1rem;--content-safe-area-right: 1rem;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;color:#121212;background-color:#fff;font-size:var(--font-size, clamp( 1rem, calc(0.9093312369rem + 0.4029722804vw), 1.2720062893rem ));font-family:var(--paragraph-font-family, YaleNew, Times New Roman, serif);line-height:var(--paragraph-line-height, var(--font-line-height, 1.618));overflow-x:hidden}@media(min-width: 768px){body{--content-safe-area-left: 2.617924rem;--content-safe-area-right: 2.617924rem}}body.toolbar-horizontal:where(:not(.gin--vertical-toolbar)),body.toolbar-vertical:where(:not(.gin--vertical-toolbar)){--header-menu-top: 39px}body.toolbar-horizontal.toolbar-tray-open:where(:not(.gin--vertical-toolbar)){--header-menu-top: 79px}*,*::after,*::before{box-sizing:inherit}.main{max-width:1368px;width:100%;padding:0 1.25rem;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;display:block}@media(min-width: 480px){.main{padding:0 1.25rem}}@media(min-width: 1368px){.main{padding-left:calc( 1.25rem + calc(-50vw + calc(1368px / 2)) );padding-right:calc( 1.25rem + calc(-50vw + calc(1368px / 2)) )}}.visually-hidden{position:absolute !important;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);overflow:hidden;height:1px;width:1px;word-wrap:normal}*::selection{background:#000f9f;color:#fff}button{background-color:var(--button-background-color, transparent);border:var(--button-border, none);border-color:var(--button-border-color, transparent);color:var(--button-color, var(--c-yale-blue));cursor:pointer;display:var(--button-display, inherit);font-family:var(--button-font-family, neue-haas-unica, HelveticaNeue, Arial, sans-serif);font-size:var(--button-font-size, inherit);font-weight:var(--button-font-weight, 800);line-height:var(--button-line-height, 1);padding:var(--button-padding, 0);margin:var(--button-margin, 0);text-align:var(--button-text-align, center);-webkit-text-decoration:var(--button-text-decoration, none);text-decoration:var(--button-text-decoration, none);transition:var(--button-transition, all 0.25s)}button:focus{outline:.0625rem dotted;outline-offset:.125rem}[data-whatintent=keyboard] button:focus{outline:.3125rem solid}button:not([disabled]):hover,button:not([disabled]):focus{background-color:var(--button-background-color-hover, var(--button-background-color));border-color:var(--button-border-color-hover, var(--button-border-color));color:var(--button-color-hover, var(--button-color));outline-color:var(--button-outline-color-hover, var(--button-border-color))}button[disabled]{opacity:.5;cursor:auto}.figure{margin:0}.figure__caption{--icon-width: 1rem;--icon-height: 1rem;margin-top:.5em}.icon{max-width:100%;height:var(--icon-height, inherit);width:var(--icon-width, inherit)}.icons-demo{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.icons-demo .icon{height:100px;padding:1rem;width:100px}@media(prefers-color-scheme: dark){.icons-demo .icon{fill:var(--c-accent-high)}}.icons-demo pre{background-color:var(--c-muted);font-size:.8rem;margin:0;text-align:center}.icons-demo__item{border:1px solid var(--c-muted);margin:1rem}img,picture{display:block;height:auto;max-width:100%}svg{fill:var(--svg-fill-color, inherit);max-width:100%;height:var(--svg-height, inherit);width:var(--svg-width, inherit)}figure{margin:0}figcaption,p.has-style-annotation{color:var(--figcaption-color, var(--color, #707070));font-family:var(--figcaption-font-family, "neue-haas-unica", "HelveticaNeue", "Arial", sans-serif);font-size:var(--figcaption-font-size, var(--font-size, inherit))}a figcaption,a p.has-style-annotation{--link-text-decoration: none;--link-text-display: block;color:var(--link-color, #000f9f)}.yalesom-logo{height:var(--logo-height, auto);width:var(--logo-width, 100%)}a{--svg-fill-color: var(--link-color, #000f9f);background-color:var(--link-background-color, transparent);border:var(--link-border, none);border-color:var(--link-border-color, inherit);color:var(--link-color, #000f9f);cursor:var(--link-cursor, pointer);display:var(--link-display, inline);font-family:var(--link-font-family, neue-haas-unica, HelveticaNeue, Arial, sans-serif);font-size:var(--link-font-size, inherit);font-weight:var(--link-font-weight, 300);letter-spacing:var(--link-letter-spacing, inherit);line-height:var(--link-line-height, inherit);margin:var(--link-margin, 0);padding:var(--link-padding, 0);-webkit-text-decoration:var(--link-text-decoration, none);text-decoration:var(--link-text-decoration, none);text-transform:var(--link-text-transform, inherit);transition:var(--link-transition, all 0.25s)}a:focus-visible{--link-text-decoration-hover: none;outline:.3125rem solid var(--link-outline-color, var(--link-color, #000f9f));outline-offset:.125rem}a:hover{--svg-fill-color: var(--link-color-hover);background-color:var(--link-background-color-hover, var(--link-background-color));border-color:var(--link-border-color-hover, var(--link-border-color));color:var(--link-color-hover, var(--link-color, #000f9f));outline-color:var(--link-outline-color-hover, var(--link-border-color))}.link{--link-font-weight: 800}.link--external,a[rel=external]{--link-margin: 0 1.25em 0 0;position:relative}.link--external .icon,a[rel=external] .icon{bottom:0;fill:var(--svg-fill-color, currentColor);height:.625em;position:absolute;translate:.25em -0.25em;width:.625em;vertical-align:bottom}@supports(-moz-appearance: none){.link--external .icon,a[rel=external] .icon{margin-left:-0.875em;position:relative;translate:.875em -0.25em}}a[href*=".doc"]::before,a[href*=".docx"]::before,a[href*=".xlsx"]::before,a[href*=".xls"]::before,a[href*=".pdf"]::before{-webkit-mask:url("../images/icons/download.svg") no-repeat center/contain;background-color:var(--svg-fill-color, currentColor);-webkit-mask-size:cover;mask-size:cover;background-size:1rem 1rem;width:1rem;height:1rem;position:relative;display:inline-block;margin-right:.25rem;opacity:1;transform:translateY(10%);content:""}.heading--thick{--heading-margin: 0 0 1em;padding-bottom:.3819820591em;border-bottom:0.2360828548em solid currentColor}.heading--thin{--heading-margin: 0 0 0.3819820591em;padding-bottom:.3819820591em;border-bottom:0.1459102934em solid currentColor}.heading--left{text-align:left}.heading--center{text-align:center}.heading--right{text-align:right}.heading--light{--heading-font-weight: 300}blockquote{--font-size: clamp( 1.2720062893rem, calc(1.1566750524rem + 0.5125832751vw), 1.618rem );--line-height: 1.2720062893;--paragraph-margin: 0 0 0.5em;margin:var(--blockquote-margin, 2em 0);padding-left:var(--blockquote-padding-left, 1.618em);border-left:var(--blockquote-border-color, var(--color)) solid .2360828548em}@container (width < 17.9420103827rem){blockquote{--font-size: 1.2720062893rem}}blockquote>p{display:inline;position:relative}blockquote>p:first-of-type::before{content:open-quote;color:var(--blockquote-color, var(--color, inherit));display:block;font-size:clamp( 2.617924rem, calc(1.2060566434rem + 6.2749660293vw), 6.8535260698rem );left:0;line-height:.618;position:absolute;translate:-100% 0}blockquote>p:last-of-type::after{font-size:var(--font-size);line-height:var(--line-height);content:close-quote;color:var(--blockquote-color, var(--color, inherit));display:inline}blockquote .quote-attribution{color:var(--blockquote-attribution-color, var(--color, #707070))}hr,.hr{margin:2.617924rem 0;background:var(--hr-color, var(--color, #121212));border-style:solid;border-width:2px 0 0;border-color:var(--hr-color, var(--color, #121212))}.hr--shield{height:1.75rem;border:none;background:url("../images/icons/shield.svg") no-repeat;background-position:50% 50%}.hr--thick{margin:4.235801032rem 0;border-width:.625rem}p:last-of-type{--paragraph-margin: 0}p.has-margin-lg{--paragraph-margin: 0 0 2.617924em}p.has-margin-sm{--paragraph-margin: 0 0 0.6180469716em}p.has-style-annotation{--paragraph-margin: 0 0 0.25em}p.heading{--heading-font-weight: 300;--heading-margin: 0 0 1em}p.text-align-right{margin-left:auto;text-align:right}p a{--link-font-size: 89%;--link-font-weight: 800}strong{font-weight:800}span{font-size:var(--span-font-size, var(--font-size, inherit));line-height:var(--span-line-height, var(--line-height, inherit))}.text__byline{margin-top:1.618rem}@media(min-width: 1080px){.text--left{border-left:.1459102934rem solid var(--paragraph-color, var(--color, currentColor));padding-left:1.618rem}}@media(min-width: 1080px){.text--right{border-right:.1459102934rem solid var(--paragraph-color, var(--color, currentColor));padding-right:1.618rem}}.text--top{border-top:.1459102934rem solid var(--paragraph-color, var(--color, currentColor));padding-top:1rem}.text--bottom{border-bottom:.1459102934rem solid var(--paragraph-color, var(--color, currentColor));padding-bottom:1rem}.text-long{max-width:80ch}.text-long h2:not(:first-child),.text-long h3:not(:first-child),.text-long h4:not(:first-child),.text-long h5:not(:first-child),.text-long h6:not(:first-child){--heading-margin: 1em 0 0.25em}.text-long h2+h2,.text-long h2+h3,.text-long h2+h4,.text-long h2+h5,.text-long h2+h6,.text-long h3+h2,.text-long h3+h3,.text-long h3+h4,.text-long h3+h5,.text-long h3+h6,.text-long h4+h2,.text-long h4+h3,.text-long h4+h4,.text-long h4+h5,.text-long h4+h6,.text-long h5+h2,.text-long h5+h3,.text-long h5+h4,.text-long h5+h5,.text-long h5+h6,.text-long h6+h2,.text-long h6+h3,.text-long h6+h4,.text-long h6+h5,.text-long h6+h6{margin-top:0}.text-long li a{--link-font-size: 89%;--link-font-weight: 800}article>.text-long{margin-bottom:var(--layout-margin-bottom, 1rem);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}@media(min-width: 1080px){article>.text-long{max-width:var(--layout-width, min(66.67%, 75.9987860952rem * 0.667))}}.toggle{--toggle-weight: 0.125em;display:inline-block;position:relative}.toggle--hamburger{overflow:hidden}.toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--1{transform:translateY(calc(var(--toggle-size, 1em) * -0.25))}.toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--4{transform:translateY(calc(var(--toggle-size, 1em) * 0.25))}.toggle--hamburger .toggle__label{display:block;left:100%;opacity:0;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-48%)}.toggle--plus::after{transform:rotate(90deg)}.toggle--down-caret::after,.toggle--down-caret::before{--toggle-top: calc(50% + var(--toggle-size, 1em) * 0.375);--toggle-width: calc(var(--toggle-size, 1em) * 0.5);right:0}.toggle--down-caret::before{transform:translate(calc(-75% + var(--toggle-weight)), calc(var(--toggle-weight) * 0.5)) rotate(45deg);transform-origin:right top}.toggle--down-caret::after{transform:translate(calc(25% + var(--toggle-weight) * -0.25), 0) rotate(-45deg);transform-origin:left bottom}.toggle--down-caret .toggle__label{padding-right:calc(var(--toggle-width, var(--toggle-size, 1em))*.75)}.toggle--thin{--toggle-weight: 0.0625em}.toggle--count-0::after,.toggle--count-0::before{content:""}.toggle__bar,.toggle--count-0::after,.toggle--count-0::before{background-color:var(--toggle-color, currentColor);border-top:var(--toggle-weight) solid var(--toggle-color, currentColor);border-bottom:var(--toggle-weight) solid var(--toggle-color, currentColor);height:0;position:absolute;display:block;top:var(--toggle-top, calc(50% - var(--toggle-weight)));transition:all 200ms ease-in-out,transform 200ms ease-in-out 200ms;width:var(--toggle-width, 100%)}.toggle--count-0{min-height:var(--toggle-height, var(--toggle-size, 1em));min-width:var(--toggle-width, var(--toggle-size, 1em))}.toggle__bars,.toggle--count-0{position:relative}.toggle__bars{display:block;height:var(--toggle-height, var(--toggle-size, 1em));width:var(--toggle-width, var(--toggle-size, 1em));transition:transform 200ms ease-in-out 200ms}.toggle__label{display:none;font-size:var(--toggle-label-size, 61.8%);left:100%;transition:all 100ms ease-out 100ms}.toggle:hover.toggle--hamburger .toggle__label,.toggle:focus.toggle--hamburger .toggle__label{left:0;opacity:1}.toggle:hover.toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--2,.toggle:hover.toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--3,.toggle:focus.toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--2,.toggle:focus.toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--3{width:0}[open] .toggle.toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--1,.toggle[aria-expanded=true].toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--1{opacity:0;transform:rotate(-200%)}[open] .toggle.toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--2,.toggle[aria-expanded=true].toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--2{transform:rotate(45deg);width:100%}[open] .toggle.toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--3,.toggle[aria-expanded=true].toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--3{transform:rotate(135deg);width:100%}[open] .toggle.toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--4,.toggle[aria-expanded=true].toggle--hamburger .toggle__bar--4{opacity:0;transform:rotate(200%)}[open] .toggle.toggle--hamburger .toggle__label,.toggle[aria-expanded=true].toggle--hamburger .toggle__label{opacity:0}[open] .toggle.toggle--plus::after,.toggle[aria-expanded=true].toggle--plus::after{transform:rotate(180deg)}[open] .toggle.toggle--down-caret::before,.toggle[aria-expanded=true].toggle--down-caret::before{transform:translate(calc(-100% + var(--toggle-weight)), calc(var(--toggle-size, 1em) * -0.5 - var(--toggle-weight) * -0.5)) rotate(-45deg)}[open] .toggle.toggle--down-caret::after,.toggle[aria-expanded=true].toggle--down-caret::after{transform:translate(calc(0% + var(--toggle-weight) * -0.25), calc(var(--toggle-size, 1em) * -0.5)) rotate(45deg)}.teaser--ampersand{--hero-bg-color: #000f9f;background-color:var(--hero-bg-color);display:grid;isolation:isolate;overflow:hidden;position:relative;min-height:80vh;min-height:80dvh;transition:height 200ms ease-in-out}@media(min-width: 768px){.teaser--ampersand{min-height:37.5rem}}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__ampersand,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__content,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__media-container,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__words{grid-column:1/-1;grid-row:1/-1}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__ampersand{z-index:11}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__ampersand,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__content-ampersand{inset:-3%;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;text-align:center}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__ampersand svg,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__content-ampersand svg{isolation:isolate;width:100%;height:100%;max-height:106%}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__ampersand path,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__content-ampersand path{position:relative}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__content,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__heading{margin:0 auto;max-width:75.9987860952rem;width:100%}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__content{--color: #fff;--link-color: #fff;--teaser-font-size: clamp( 1rem, calc(0.9093312369rem + 0.4029722804vw), 1.2720062893rem );--heading-font-weight: 300;--font-family: neue-haas-unica, HelveticaNeue, Arial, sans-serif;--paragraph-line-height: 1.618;align-items:center;background-color:var(--hero-bg-color);clip-path:polygon(0% 50%, 0% 50%, 100% 50%, 100% 50%);display:grid;margin:20vh 0;margin:20dvh 0;overflow:hidden;padding:1.618rem;position:static;transition:clip-path 236ms ease-in-out;z-index:12}@media(min-width: 768px){.teaser--ampersand .teaser__content{gap:1.618rem;isolation:isolate;margin:0 auto;clip-path:polygon(50% 0%, 50% 0%, 50% 100%, 50% 100%);width:max(34.375rem, 38.19%)}}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__link{--link-text-decoration: none}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__heading{display:block}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__text{display:inline}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__text *{display:inline;font-size:inherit}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__content-ampersand{mix-blend-mode:multiply;z-index:-1}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__heading,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__words{color:#fff;font-size:clamp( 2.617924rem, calc(1.6945768157rem + 4.1037652635vw), 5.3879655529rem );font-family:"Stencil","HelveticaNeue","Arial",sans-serif;line-height:.75}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__media-container{display:grid;grid-template-rows:1fr 1fr;overflow:hidden;z-index:1}@media(min-width: 768px){.teaser--ampersand .teaser__media-container{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;grid-template-rows:1fr;max-height:max(80vh,37.5rem)}}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__media-container>.media{background-color:#000f9f;overflow:hidden}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__media-container img,.teaser--ampersand .teaser__media-container picture{height:100%;width:100%}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__media-container img{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;opacity:.8}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__words{align-self:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.25em;max-width:100vw;padding:0 var(--content-safe-area-right) 0 var(--content-safe-area-left);translate:0 -5%;z-index:10}@media(min-width: 768px){.teaser--ampersand .teaser__words{display:inline-flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:0;justify-content:center;text-align:center}}html:where(:not(.js)) .teaser--ampersand .teaser__words{z-index:12}.teaser--ampersand .teaser__word{--span-font-size: 200%;flex:0 1 0%;-webkit-hyphens:initial;-ms-hyphens:initial;hyphens:initial;max-width:100%;opacity:0;word-wrap:break-word}@media(min-width: 768px){.teaser--ampersand .teaser__word{--span-font-size: 100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-hyphens:inherit;-ms-hyphens:inherit;hyphens:inherit}}html:where(:not(.js)) .teaser--ampersand .teaser__word{opacity:1}.teaser--ampersand #outline-ampersand{stroke-width:.125rem;fill:none;stroke:#fff;stroke-linecap:round;z-index:-1}.teaser--ampersand #overlay-ampersand,.teaser--ampersand #solid-ampersand{fill:#000f9f;transform-origin:center center}.teaser--ampersand .animated-arrow{display:block;transform:translate(0, 33%)}.teaser--ampersand[data-has-story] .teaser__content{clip-path:polygon(0% 0%, 100% 0%, 100% 100%, 0% 100%)}.teaser--ampersand:not([data-animation-state]) .teaser__word{opacity:0}.teaser--ampersand:not([data-animation-state]) .teaser__media-container .media{opacity:0}.hero-animation{--heading-font-family: Stencil, HelveticaNeue, Arial, sans-serif;--heading-font-weight: 300;--heading-margin: 0;background-color:var(--hero-animation-bg-color, #001c42);color:var(--hero-animation-color, #fff);display:grid;position:relative;overflow:hidden}@media(min-width: 768px){.hero-animation{min-height:50vh}}@media(min-width: 1080px){.hero-animation{min-height:61.8vh}}.hero-animation__container{grid-column:1;grid-row:1;position:relative;display:flex;align-items:center;width:100%;padding:1rem 0;z-index:1}.hero-animation__heading{--heading-font-size: clamp( 4.7772743326rem, calc(1.6679376662rem + 13.8192740733vw), 14.1052843321rem );--heading-line-height: 0.6970534998;align-items:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:95%;justify-content:space-between;width:100%;text-shadow:0 4px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.25);transform:translateY(1rem);text-transform:lowercase}.hero-animation__heading span{display:block}@media(min-width: 768px){.hero-animation__heading{--heading-font-size: clamp( 2.617924rem, calc(0.5846559118rem + 9.0367470586vw), 8.7177282646rem );flex-direction:row;justify-content:center}}.hero-animation__heading-divider{font-size:clamp( 22.8223500493rem, calc(14.7728602028rem + 35.7755104293vw), 46.9708195891rem );opacity:0;transform:scale(0.75);transform-origin:left center;transition:transform 300ms ease-in-out 0ms,opacity 100ms ease-in 0ms}@media(min-width: 768px){.hero-animation__heading-divider{font-size:clamp( 14.1052843321rem, calc(3.1501059131rem + 48.6896818622vw), 46.9708195891rem );left:50%;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:scale(0.75) translate(-50%, -37.5%)}}.hero-animation__image-container{display:grid;flex-direction:column;grid-column:1;grid-row:1;grid-template-rows:1fr 1fr;transition:all 200ms ease-in-out;z-index:0}@media(min-width: 768px){.hero-animation__image-container{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;grid-template-rows:1fr}}.hero-animation__image{flex:1 1 100%;overflow:hidden}.hero-animation__image img{filter:saturate(1.5);-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;height:100%;transform:scale(1.03);transition:transform 200ms ease-in-out;width:100%}.hero-animation__image picture{height:100%}.hero-animation__word{-webkit-hyphens:auto;-ms-hyphens:auto;hyphens:auto;overflow-wrap:break-word;text-align:center;transition:transform 300ms ease-in-out 0ms;width:100%}@media(min-width: 768px){.hero-animation__word{flex:1 1 100%}}.hero-animation__word--left{transform:translate(-100vw, -0.125em)}@media(min-width: 768px){.hero-animation__word--left{padding-right:13%;text-align:right}}.hero-animation__word--right{transform:translate(100vw, -0.125em)}@media(min-width: 768px){.hero-animation__word--right{padding-left:13%;text-align:left}}[data-aos=hero-animation].aos-animate .hero-animation__word{transition-delay:600ms}[data-aos=hero-animation].aos-animate .hero-animation__word--left{transform:translate(0, -0.125em)}@media(min-width: 768px){[data-aos=hero-animation].aos-animate .hero-animation__word--left{transform:translate(-1rem, -0.125em)}}[data-aos=hero-animation].aos-animate .hero-animation__heading-divider{transition-delay:400ms;transform:scale(1) translateY(7.5%);opacity:1}@media(min-width: 768px){[data-aos=hero-animation].aos-animate .hero-animation__heading-divider{transform:scale(1) translate(-50%, -37.5%)}}[data-aos=hero-animation].aos-animate .hero-animation__word--right{transform:translate(0, -0.125em)}@media(min-width: 768px){[data-aos=hero-animation].aos-animate .hero-animation__word--right{transform:translate(1rem, -0.125em)}}[data-aos=hero-animation].aos-animate~.hero-animation__image-container{mix-blend-mode:lighten;opacity:.618}[data-aos=hero-animation].aos-animate~.hero-animation__image-container .hero-animation__image img{filter:blur(3px);transform:scale(1.1)}.menu{--link-text-decoration: none;--link-color:#bec8e0;--link-text-decoration-hover: underline;--list-item-margin: 0;color:var(--menu-color, #bec8e0);font-family:var(--menu-font-family, neue-haas-unica, HelveticaNeue, Arial, sans-serif);font-size:var(--menu-font-size, clamp( 0.8866564357rem, calc(0.8488752476rem + 0.1679163916vw), 1rem ));line-height:var(--menu-line-height, 1.2)}.menu__close-sub{cursor:pointer;color:currentColor;display:none;visibility:hidden}.menu__description{display:block}.menu__heading{--heading-font-size: clamp( 1.2720062893rem, calc(1.1566750524rem + 0.5125832751vw), 1.618rem );--heading-margin: 0}.menu__expand[open] .menu__list{opacity:1}.menu__expand-button{list-style:none}.menu__expand-button::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.menu__expand-button .menu__title{cursor:pointer;transition:all 100ms ease-in-out}.menu__link{--link-text-decoration: none}.menu__link[rel=external]{padding:0}.menu__link[rel=external] .icon{right:-0.875em}.menu__link--hidden{display:none}.menu__list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.menu__list li::before{display:none}.menu__list--depth-1{opacity:0;transition:opacity 250ms ease-in-out 100ms}.menu__section-title{align-items:center;display:flex;gap:1rem;margin-bottom:0.6180469716rem}.menu__title{color:var(--menu-title-color, inherit);position:relative;text-align:left}.menu--breadcrumb{--link-color: #707070;--link-hover-size: 0.25rem;--menu-font-size: 0.75rem;color:#707070;margin-bottom:.3819820591rem}.menu--breadcrumb .menu__list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap}.menu--breadcrumb .menu__item::after{content:"/";display:inline-block;margin:0 .25em}.menu--breadcrumb .menu__item:last-child::after{content:""}#block-breadcrumbs{position:relative;z-index:1}.menu--secondary-menu{--icon-height: 1em;--icon-width: 1em;--menu-color: #000f9f;--link-color: #000f9f;--link-underline-color:#000f9f;--link-underline-offset: 0.375em;--link-underline-offset-hover: 0.25em;max-width:var(--site-secondary-nav-width, 75.9987860952rem);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;position:relative}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__expand[open] .menu__expand-button{--menu-title-color: #fff;--toggle-color: #fff}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__expand[open] .menu__expand-button::after{background-color:#000f9f}@media(min-width: 768px){.menu--secondary-menu .menu__expand[open] .menu__expand-button::after{border:#9CB6D3 solid;border-width:.125rem .125rem 0}}@media(min-width: 768px){.menu--secondary-menu .menu__expand[open] .menu__list-container{border:#9CB6D3 solid;border-width:0 .125rem .125rem}}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__expand-button{font-weight:800}@media(min-width: 768px){.menu--secondary-menu .menu__expand-button{margin-top:-0.6180469716rem;padding:0.6180469716rem 0 0}}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__expand-button .menu__title{margin-bottom:-0.3125em;padding-bottom:.3125em}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__expand-button::after{bottom:0;box-sizing:border-box;content:"";left:-0.6180469716rem;position:absolute;top:0;width:max(100%, 18.75rem);z-index:-1}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__heading{overflow:hidden;position:absolute;visibility:hidden;width:0px}@media(min-width: 768px){.menu--secondary-menu .menu__heading{overflow:visible;position:relative;visibility:visible;width:auto}}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__help-text{--heading-margin: 0}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__item{padding:var(--menu-item-padding, 0.5em 0 0);position:relative;z-index:0}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__item[data-expanded=true]{z-index:10}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__item--depth-0{flex-basis:100%}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__item--depth-0:nth-child(n+4) .menu__expand-button::after{width:max(100% + 1.618rem, 12.5rem)}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__item--depth-0:nth-child(n+4) .menu__list-container{min-width:max(100% + 1.618rem, 12.5rem)}@media(min-width: 768px){.menu--secondary-menu .menu__item--depth-0{flex:0 0 auto;padding-top:0.6180469716rem}}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__item--active.menu__item--depth-0 .menu__expand-button,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__item--active.menu__item--depth-0>[aria-current]{--link-text-decoration: underline;--link-underline-offset: 0.125em;--link-underline-size: 0.375rem}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__item [aria-current]{--link-text-decoration: underline;--link-underline-offset: 0.125em;--link-underline-size: 0.125rem}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__link{--link-underline-color:#fff}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__link--depth-0{--link-font-weight: 800}@media(min-width: 768px){.menu--secondary-menu .menu__link--depth-0{--link-underline-color:#000f9f;margin:0;padding-bottom:.25em}}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__link--depth-0 .menu__title{white-space:nowrap}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__link[rel=external]{padding-right:0}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__link[rel=external] .icon{display:inline;position:static}@media(min-width: 1080px){.menu--secondary-menu .menu__link[rel=external] .icon{transform:translateY(-0.1875rem)}}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__list{--toggle-width: 14px}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__list--depth-0{display:none;margin-top:0}@media(min-width: 768px){.menu--secondary-menu .menu__list--depth-0{-moz-column-gap:1.2720062893rem;column-gap:1.2720062893rem;display:inline-flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:flex-start;margin-top:-0.6180469716rem;width:100%}}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__list--depth-1{--link-hover-size: 0.125rem}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__list--depth-1 .menu__list{margin-left:1.618rem}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__list-container{--link-color: #fff;--link-font-weight: 300;overflow:hidden}@media(min-width: 768px){.menu--secondary-menu .menu__list-container{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0 0.6180469716rem 1rem;position:absolute;left:-0.6180469716rem;background-color:#000f9f;min-width:max(100%, 18.75rem);z-index:1}}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link{--link-color: #fff;--link-font-weight: 800;--link-underline-color: #fff;display:none;margin-bottom:0.6180469716rem;margin-top:0.6180469716rem}@media(min-width: 768px){.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link{margin-left:calc(1.618rem + 1rem)}}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-title .toggle{--toggle-size: 1.618em;white-space:nowrap}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-title .toggle::after,.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-title .toggle::before{--toggle-top: calc(50% + var(--toggle-size, 1em) * 0.125)}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-title .toggle__help-text{display:inline-block}@media(min-width: 768px){.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-title .toggle__help-text{display:none}}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-title .toggle__label{--toggle-label-size:clamp( 1.1278325626rem, calc(1.0255733792rem + 0.4544852597vw), 1.4346101129rem );display:block}.menu--secondary-menu .menu__shield{flex:0 0 1.618rem}[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link{display:inline-block}[stuck] .menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-link{margin-left:calc(1.618rem + 1rem)}[stuck] .menu--secondary-menu .menu__expand[open] .menu__list-container,[stuck] .menu--secondary-menu .menu__expand[open] .menu__expand-button::after{border:none}[stuck] .menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-title{margin-bottom:0}[stuck] .menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-title .toggle__help-text{display:inline-block}@media(min-width: 768px){[stuck] .menu--secondary-menu .menu__section-title .toggle__help-text{display:none}}.menu--secondary-menu .icon--menu--search{translate:0 .125em}.secondary-nav{background-color:var(--menu-background-color, transparent);position:sticky;top:-12.5rem;transition:background-color 0ms ease-in-out,top 0ms ease-in-out;z-index:100}@media(min-width: 768px){.secondary-nav{margin-bottom:2.617924rem;z-index:10}}.secondary-nav .menu{padding-bottom:1rem}@media(min-width: 768px){.secondary-nav .menu{padding:0}}.secondary-nav .menu__shield{display:none}@media(min-width: 768px){.secondary-nav .menu__section-title .toggle{display:none}}.secondary-nav[stuck],.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open]{margin-left:calc(var(--content-safe-area-left)*-1);margin-right:calc(var(--content-safe-area-right)*-1);padding:0 var(--content-safe-area-right) 0 var(--content-safe-area-left)}.secondary-nav[stuck] .menu,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu{margin-bottom:0;padding:.3819820591rem 0}.secondary-nav[stuck] .menu__section-title .toggle,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__section-title .toggle{display:block;flex:0 0 auto}.secondary-nav[stuck]{--menu-background-color: #fff;border:0 solid #121212;border-top-width:.6875rem;border-bottom-width:.0625rem;top:calc(var(--header-menu-top, 0));transition-duration:400ms}.secondary-nav[stuck] .menu__list--depth-0{display:none}.secondary-nav[stuck] .menu__shield{display:block}.secondary-nav[stuck][data-secondary-nav-state=open]{position:fixed;width:100%}.secondary-nav[stuck][data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu{height:calc(100vh - var(--header-menu-top, 0))}.secondary-nav[stuck][data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__list--depth-0{margin-left:calc(1.618rem + 1rem)}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open]{--menu-background-color: #000f9f;border-color:rgba(0,0,0,0)}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open]:not([stuck]) .menu{margin-top:-.3819820591rem}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu{height:calc(60vh - var(--header-menu-top, 0));overflow:hidden;overflow-y:scroll}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu.menu--small-menu .menu__item--depth-0{flex:0 0 auto}@media(min-width: 768px){.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu.menu--small-menu .menu__item--depth-0{width:calc(50% - 1rem)}}@media(min-width: 1080px){.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu.menu--small-menu .menu__item--depth-0{width:calc(25% - 1rem)}}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu.menu--small-menu .menu__list--depth-0{align-content:flex-start;-moz-column-count:1;column-count:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-start}@media(min-width: 768px){.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu.menu--small-menu .menu__list--depth-0{height:90%;margin:0 0 0 calc(1.618rem + 1rem);min-height:56.25rem}}@media screen and (max-height: 37.5rem)and (min-width: 1080px){.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu.menu--small-menu .menu__list--depth-0{min-height:37.5rem}}@media(min-width: 1080px){.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu.menu--small-menu .menu__list--depth-0{height:60%;max-height:25rem;min-height:auto}}@media(min-width: 1368px){.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu.menu--small-menu .menu__list--depth-0{max-height:12.5rem}}@media screen and (max-height: 25rem)and (min-width: 1080px){.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu.menu--small-menu .menu__list--depth-0{max-height:auto;min-height:25rem}}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__expand-button{margin:0;padding:0;pointer-events:none}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__expand-button::after,.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__expand-button .toggle{display:none}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__expand-button .menu__title{--menu-title-color:#bec8e0}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__heading{--link-color:#fff;--link-underline-color:#fff}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__item--depth-0{--link-underline-color:#bec8e0;-moz-column-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid;margin-bottom:1.618rem;page-break-inside:avoid}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__link--depth-0{--link-color:#bec8e0;--link-underline-color:#bec8e0;margin:0}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__list--depth-0{display:block;-moz-column-gap:1rem;column-gap:1rem;margin-bottom:2.617924rem}@media(min-width: 768px){.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__list--depth-0{-moz-column-count:2;column-count:2}}@media(min-width: 1080px){.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__list--depth-0{-moz-column-count:4;column-count:4}}.secondary-nav[data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__list-container{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);left:auto;padding:0;position:relative;min-width:auto}.node__header{--page-header-column-count: 12;--page-header-gap: 1.618rem;--paragraph-line-height: 1;background-color:var(--page-header-background, transparent);margin-bottom:1.618rem}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header--portrait .node__header-media{grid-column:1/span 3}}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header--portrait .node__header-content{grid-column-end:span 9}}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header--square .node__header-media{grid-column:1/span 4}}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header--square .node__header-content{grid-column-end:span 8}}.node__header-container{align-items:center;display:grid;gap:var(--page-header-gap, 1.618rem);grid-template-areas:"col-1";max-width:var(--page-width, 75.9987860952rem);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header-container{grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--page-header-column-count), minmax(0, 1fr));grid-auto-rows:minmax(1rem, auto)}.node__header-container>*{grid-column:1/var(--page-header-column-count)}}.node__header-content{padding:1rem var(--content-safe-area-right) 0 var(--content-safe-area-left)}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header-content{grid-column:auto/span 6;padding:0}}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header-content>p{margin-right:16.67%}}.node__header-media{order:10}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header-media{grid-column:1/span 6;order:initial}}.node__header-media img{width:100%}.node__header-job-title,.node__header-program{font-style:italic}.node__header p:last-child{--paragraph-margin:0}.node__header--profile{--page-header-background: #bec8e0;margin-left:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-left));margin-right:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-right))}.node__header--profile .node__title{margin:0 0 0.2360828548em}.node__header--faculty{--page-header-background: #bec8e0;margin-left:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-left));margin-right:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-right))}.node__header--faculty .node__title{margin:0 0 0.2360828548em}.node__header--event{padding-top:1rem}.node__header--event .node__header-container{grid-template-rows:repeat(3, auto)}.node__header--event .node__header-content{display:contents}.node__header--event .node__header-media{grid-row:auto}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header--event .node__header-media,.node__header--event .node__event-details{grid-column:3/span 8}}.node__header--event .node__event-details{--heading-font-weight: 300}.node__header--event .node__event-details .node__location-name{font-weight:800}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header--event .node__register{grid-column:8/span 3;grid-row:2}}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header--event .node__register+.node__event-details{grid-column-end:8;grid-row:2}}.node__header--event .node__title{--heading-margin: 0}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header--event .node__title,.node__header--event .node__title-group{grid-column:1/var(--page-header-column-count);grid-row:1}}.node__header--event span[itemprop=addressLocality]::before{display:block;content:""}.node__header--podcast{--page-header-background: #b8b1ba;--paragraph-line-height: 1.5;margin-left:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-left));margin-right:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-right))}.node__header--podcast.node__header--no-image .node__header-container{padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem}@media(min-width: 768px){.node__header--podcast.node__header--no-image .node__header-content{grid-column:3/span 6}}.node__header--podcast .node__header-bug{font-family:neue-haas-unica, HelveticaNeue, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:1rem}.node__header--podcast .node__header-bug *{display:inline}.node__header--podcast .node__header-after{background:#fff;padding-top:4.235801032rem;padding-bottom:1.618rem}.node__header--podcast .node__title{margin:0 0 0.2360828548em}.node__header--podcast .node__metadata{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;font-family:"neue-haas-unica","HelveticaNeue","Arial",sans-serif;gap:1rem;margin-bottom:1.618rem .node__header--podcast .node__metadata -series;margin-bottom-width:100%}.node__header--podcast .node__audio .plyr{--plyr-control-icon-size: 1.618rem;--plyr-control-play-icon-size: 4.235801032rem}.node__header--podcast .node__podcast-subscription{--icon-width: 3.3300157929rem;--icon-height: 3.3300157929rem;max-width:36.9265623798rem;width:100%;padding:0 1.25rem;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;display:flex;gap:1rem}@media(min-width: 480px){.node__header--podcast .node__podcast-subscription{padding:0 1.25rem}}@media(min-width: 36.9265623798rem){.node__header--podcast .node__podcast-subscription{padding-left:calc( 1.25rem + calc(-50vw + calc(36.9265623798rem / 2)) );padding-right:calc( 1.25rem + calc(-50vw + calc(36.9265623798rem / 2)) )}}.node__header--podcast .node__podcast-subscription-desc{flex:1 1 100%}.node__header--podcast .node__podcast-subscription-icons{align-items:baseline;display:flex;gap:1rem;flex:0 1 auto}.node__header--podcast .node__podcast-subscription-icons svg{display:block}@media(min-width: 768px){.node__header--podcast .node__header-container{grid-template-columns:repeat(12, minmax(0, 1fr));grid-auto-rows:minmax(1rem, auto);padding-top:1.618rem;padding-bottom:1.618rem}.node__header--podcast .node__header-media{grid-column:9/span 3;grid-row:1}.node__header--podcast .node__header-content{grid-column:2/span 7;grid-row:1}.node__header--podcast.node__header--video .node__header-media{align-self:end;grid-column:6/span 6;grid-row:1}.node__header--podcast.node__header--video .node__header-content{grid-column:2/span 4;grid-row:1}}.node__header--podcast-series{--icon-height:1rem;--icon-width: 1rem;--page-header-background: #b8b1ba;--paragraph-line-height: 1.5;margin-left:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-left));margin-right:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-right))}.node__header--podcast-series.node__header--no-image .node__header-container{padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem}.node__header--podcast-series .node__header-bug{font-family:neue-haas-unica, HelveticaNeue, Arial, sans-serif}.node__header--podcast-series .node__header-content{font-family:"neue-haas-unica","HelveticaNeue","Arial",sans-serif}.node__header--podcast-series .node__header-after{background:#fff;padding-top:4.235801032rem;padding-bottom:1.618rem;padding-left:calc(var(--content-safe-area-left));padding-right:calc(var(--content-safe-area-right))}.node__header--podcast-series .node__header-after>*+*{margin-top:4.235801032rem}.node__header--podcast-series .node__header-after .details-with-image{margin-bottom:1rem}.node__header--podcast-series .node__podcast-series-cta{margin-top:1rem;margin-bottom:1rem}.node__header--podcast-series .node__podcast-series-cta .link{--svg-width: 1rem;--svg-height: 1rem}.node__header--podcast-series .node__podcast-series-cta .link svg{vertical-align:middle}.node__header--podcast-series .node__podcast-subscription{--icon-width: 3.3300157929rem;--icon-height: 3.3300157929rem;display:flex;gap:1rem}.node__header--podcast-series .node__podcast-subscription-desc{flex:1 1 100%}.node__header--podcast-series .node__podcast-subscription-icons{align-items:baseline;display:flex;gap:1rem;flex:0 1 auto}.node__header--podcast-series .node__podcast-subscription-icons svg{display:block}@media(min-width: 768px){.node__header--podcast-series .node__header-container{grid-template-columns:repeat(12, minmax(0, 1fr));grid-auto-rows:minmax(1rem, auto);padding-top:1.618rem;padding-bottom:1.618rem}.node__header--podcast-series .node__header-media{grid-column:9/span 3;grid-row:1}.node__header--podcast-series .node__header-content{grid-column:2/span 7;grid-row:1}.node__header--podcast-series .node__podcast-experts,.node__header--podcast-series .node__podcast-subscription{max-width:var(--layout-width, min(66.67%, 75.9987860952rem * 0.667));margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}.node__header--story{padding-top:1rem}.node__header--story .node__header-content{display:contents}.node__header--story .node__header-media{order:10}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header--story .node__header-media,.node__header--story .node__metadata{grid-column:3/span 8}}.node__header--story .node__metadata{--heading-font-weight: 300}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header--story .node__summary{grid-column:3/span 8}}.node__header--story .node__title{--heading-margin: 0}@media(min-width: 1080px){.node__header--story .node__title,.node__header--story .node__title-group{grid-column:1/var(--page-header-column-count)}}.site-header{--site-header-column-count: 12;background-color:var(--site-header-bg-color, transparent);color:var(--site-header-color, var(--color, inherit));font-family:"neue-haas-unica","HelveticaNeue","Arial",sans-serif;padding-left:var(--content-safe-area-left);padding-right:var(--content-safe-area-right);position:relative}.site-header>*{z-index:1;position:relative}.site-header__background{bottom:0;left:0;mix-blend-mode:soft-light;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;z-index:0}.site-header__background figure,.site-header__background picture{height:100%}.site-header__background img{height:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;opacity:.618;width:100%}.site-header__banner{align-items:center;border-bottom:.3819820591rem solid var(--site-header-color, var(--color, currentColor));display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--site-header-column-count), minmax(0, 1fr));height:7.5rem;max-width:var(--site-header-width, 75.9987860952rem);margin-bottom:1rem;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;position:relative;z-index:1}@media(min-width: 1080px){.site-header__banner{gap:var(--site-header-gap, 1.618rem);grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--site-header-column-count), minmax(0, 1fr))}}.site-header__branding{grid-column-end:span 6}.site-header__cta{display:grid;gap:var(--site-header-gap, 1.618rem);grid-template-columns:repeat(6, minmax(0, 1fr));max-width:var(--site-header-width, 75.9987860952rem);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.site-header__cta-text,.site-header__cta-link{grid-column:1/span 6}@media(min-width: 1080px){.site-header__cta-text,.site-header__cta-link{grid-column:1/span 5}}.site-header__cta-link a{--arrow-color: #000f9f;--link-color: #000f9f;--link-background-color: #fff;--link-border-color: #fff;--link-color-hover: #000f9f;--link-background-color-hover: #bec8e0;--link-border-color-hover: transparent}.site-header__cta-text{--paragraph-line-height: 1;--paragraph-margin: 0}.site-header__home-link{grid-column:8/span 5;justify-self:end}@media(min-width: 768px){.site-header__home-link{grid-column:11/span 2}}.site-header__home-link .link{--icon-height: var(--link-font-size);--icon-width: var(--link-font-size);--link-font-weight: 300;--link-font-size: clamp( 0.6180469716rem, calc(0.5620094171rem + 0.2490557975vw), 0.7861596349rem );display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.25rem}.site-header__home-link .link svg{fill:var(--link-color);transform:scaleX(-1)}.site-header__menu{--custom-scrollbar-track: #bec8e0;background:#001c42;position:relative;height:calc(100vh - var(--header-menu-top) - 7.5rem + (0.3819820591 * 1rem));overflow:hidden;overflow-y:scroll;padding-left:var(--content-safe-area-left);padding-right:var(--content-safe-area-right)}.site-header__menu-container{left:0;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:calc(7.5rem - (0.3819820591 * 1rem));transform:translateX(-200%);transition:opacity 250ms ease-in-out;visibility:hidden;width:100%;z-index:1000}[data-main-nav-state=open] .site-header__menu-container{opacity:1;transform:translateX(0);visibility:visible}.site-header__menu-toggle{--toggle-size: clamp( 1.618rem, calc(1.284692rem + 1.4813688889vw), 2.617924rem );--toggle-weight: 0.25em;grid-column:11/span 2;justify-self:end}@media(min-width: 768px){.site-header__menu-toggle{grid-column:12/span 1}}.site-header__search{--link-color: #121212;--icon-height: 2em;--icon-width: 2em;grid-column:9/span 2;justify-self:end}@media(min-width: 768px){.site-header__search{grid-column:11/span 1}}@media(min-width: 1080px){.site-header__search{transform:translateX(var(--site-header-gap, 1.618rem))}}.site-header__search a,.site-header__search svg{display:block}.site-header__submenu-container{position:relative;z-index:10}.site-header__title{--heading-margin: 0 0 1em;padding-bottom:.3819820591em;border-bottom:0.1459102934em solid currentColor;--heading-margin: 0 0 0.3819820591em;max-width:var(--site-header-width, 75.9987860952rem);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.site-header .yalesom-logo{--logo-height: 5.625rem;--logo-width: auto}@media(min-width: 768px){.site-header .yalesom-logo{--logo-height: auto;--logo-width: 100%}}.site-header #block-mainnavigation{position:static}.site-header #block-mainnavigation .contextual{top:auto}.page--is-front .site-header__banner{border-bottom-width:0;margin-bottom:0}.site-header--center{--site-header-bg-color: #000f9f;--site-header-color: #fff;--yalesom-logo-text-color: #fff;--yalesom-logo-shield-outline-color: #9CB6D3;padding-bottom:1rem}.site-header--center-parent .menu__heading{display:none}.site-header--center:not(.site-header--center-parent) .secondary-nav{margin-bottom:0}.site-header--center .menu__heading a{--link-color: var(--color, $color-white)}.site-header--center .secondary-nav[stuck]{position:fixed;width:100%}.site-header--center .secondary-nav[stuck] .menu__section-title{--button-color: #000f9f;display:flex}.site-header--center .secondary-nav[stuck][data-secondary-nav-state=open] .menu__section-title{--button-color: #fff}.site-header--center .site-header__banner{border-bottom:none}@media(min-width: 768px){.site-header--center .site-header__banner{height:auto;padding-top:1rem}}@media(min-width: 768px){.site-header--center .site-header__branding{grid-column-end:span 4}}.site-header--center .site-header__submenu-container .menu__expand,.site-header--center .site-header__submenu-container .menu__link{--link-underline-color: #fff;--menu-title-color: #bec8e0}.site-header--center .site-header__cta{margin-bottom:2.617924rem}.site-header--center .site-header__cta-text{--paragraph-color: #fff}.site-header--center+.site-main{margin-top:1.618rem}.site-header--center+.site-main .layout--bg.layout--edge-column:first-child,.site-header--center+.site-main .layout--bg.layout--edge-full:first-child{margin-top:-1.618rem}.layout{--layout-column-count: 12;container-name:layout;container-type:inline-size;position:relative;z-index:0}.layout--l .layout__content{--layout-column-outside: 0}.layout--xs{--layout-width: 29.0301727992rem;max-width:29.0301727992rem;width:100%;padding:0 1.25rem;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}@media(min-width: 480px){.layout--xs{padding:0 1.25rem}}@media(min-width: 29.0301727992rem){.layout--xs{padding-left:calc( 1.25rem + calc(-50vw + calc(29.0301727992rem / 2)) );padding-right:calc( 1.25rem + calc(-50vw + calc(29.0301727992rem / 2)) )}}.layout--2xs{--layout-width: 22.8223500493rem;max-width:22.8223500493rem;width:100%;padding:0 1.25rem;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}@media(min-width: 480px){.layout--2xs{padding:0 1.25rem}}@media(min-width: 22.8223500493rem){.layout--2xs{padding-left:calc( 1.25rem + calc(-50vw + calc(22.8223500493rem / 2)) );padding-right:calc( 1.25rem + calc(-50vw + calc(22.8223500493rem / 2)) )}}.layout--edge-full{--layout-width: 100%;max-width:none;overflow:hidden}.site-main .layout--edge-full,#root .layout--edge-full{margin-left:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-left));margin-right:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-right))}@container (width >= 768px){.layout--inset .layout__region>*:where(.media, .image-grid, figure){margin-left:calc((100% - var(--layout-gap)*(var(--layout-column-count) - var(--layout-column-outside)*2 - 1))/(var(--layout-column-count) - var(--layout-column-outside)*2) + var(--layout-gap));margin-right:calc((100% - var(--layout-gap)*(var(--layout-column-count) - var(--layout-column-outside)*2 - 1))/(var(--layout-column-count) - var(--layout-column-outside)*2) + var(--layout-gap))}}@container (width >= 512px){.layout--gutter-l.layout--two-column>.layout__content>.layout__regions>.layout__region{--layout-column-space: 1}}@container (width >= 512px){.layout--gutter-m.layout--two-column>.layout__content>.layout__regions>.layout__region--one{--layout-column-space: 1}}@container (width >= 512px){.layout--gutter-l.layout--three-column{--sidebar-gutter-offset: 4.235801032rem}}.layout--gutter-none .layout__content{--layout-gap: 0}.layout--interior-margin-none{--layout-background-margin: 0}.layout--interior-margin-none.layout--bg,.layout--interior-margin-none>.layout__content>.layout__regions>.layout__region>.layout--bg{padding:0}.layout--interior-margin-none.layout--bg>.layout__content>.layout__regions{padding-left:calc(var(--content-safe-area-left)*-1);padding-right:calc(var(--content-safe-area-right)*-1)}@container (width >= 75.9987860952rem){.layout--interior-margin-none.layout--bg>.layout__content>.layout__regions{padding-left:-1.618rem;padding-right:-1.618rem}}.layout--interior-margin-none.layout--bg>.layout__content>.layout__regions::after{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}.layout--interior-margin-m{--layout-background-margin: -2.617924rem}.layout--interior-margin-m.layout--bg,.layout--interior-margin-m>.layout__content>.layout__regions>.layout__region>.layout--bg{padding-bottom:2.617924rem;padding-top:2.617924rem}.layout--interior-margin-l{--layout-background-margin: -6.8535260698rem}.layout--interior-margin-l.layout--bg,.layout--interior-margin-l>.layout__content>.layout__regions>.layout__region>.layout--bg{padding-bottom:6.8535260698rem;padding-top:6.8535260698rem}.layout--margin-l{--layout-margin-bottom: 6.8535260698rem}.layout--margin-m{--layout-margin-bottom: 4.235801032rem}.layout--margin-s{--layout-margin-bottom: 1rem}.layout--margin-zero{--layout-margin-bottom: 0}.layout--hidden{display:none}.form-wrapper .layout--hidden{display:block}.layout__background{bottom:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;z-index:0}.layout__content{--layout-column-outside: 0;--layout-gap: 1.618rem;margin-bottom:var(--layout-margin-bottom, 4.235801032rem);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:var(--layout-width, 75.9987860952rem);padding:var(--layout-padding, 0)}@container (width >= 768px){.layout__content{--layout-column-outside: 2}}.layout__regions{display:grid;gap:var(--layout-gap, 1.618rem);grid-template-columns:repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));position:relative;max-width:var(--layout-width, 75.9987860952rem);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}@container (width >= 512px){.layout__regions{grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--layout-column-count), var(--layout-column-size, minmax(0, 1fr)));grid-auto-rows:minmax(1rem, auto)}.layout__regions>*{grid-column:1/-1}}.layout__regions::after{margin-bottom:var(--layout-background-margin, -1.618rem);margin-left:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-left));margin-right:calc(-1*var(--content-safe-area-right));margin-top:var(--layout-background-margin, -1.618rem)}@container (width >= 75.9987860952rem){.layout__regions::after{margin-left:-1.618rem;margin-right:-1.618rem}}.layout .layout .layout__content{--layout-column-outside: 0;--layout-margin-bottom: 0}.layout__stuck{position:sticky;top:calc(var(--header-menu-top, 0px) + 66px + 1rem)}.som-modal .layout .layout__content{--layout-column-outside: 0}.layout .paragraph--type--library-paragraph .layout .layout__content{margin-bottom:0;padding:0}.layout--profile-byline .views-element-container .layout__content{margin-bottom:1em}.site-main{overflow-x:hidden;padding-left:var(--content-safe-area-left);padding-right:var(--content-safe-area-right);position:relative;z-index:2}@media(min-width: 768px){.site-main{overflow-x:unset}}.main{margin-bottom:4em}.main>*{margin-bottom:1rem}@media(min-width: 1080px){.main>*{margin-bottom:0}}.main>*:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.main-sidebar{grid-area:sidebar}.main-content{grid-area:content;margin-bottom:1rem;width:100%}@media(min-width: 1080px){.main-content{margin-bottom:0}} </style> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"WebPage","headline":"Alumni","description":"[node:field_summary:value]","image":"[node:field_image:entity:url]","publisher":{"@type":"CollegeOrUniversity","name":"Yale School of Management"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/google_tag/main_som_gtm/google_tag.script.js?sn9grz" defer defer></script> <title>Alumni | Yale School of Management</title> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://use.typekit.net" crossorigin /> <link rel="preload" href="/themes/custom/som/fonts/yalenew/YaleNew-Roman.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel='preload' media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_8qoyyFDf5_IophOiprQx2C9jlokZyA1q3q5rYKneNHQ.css" as='style' onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" /><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_8qoyyFDf5_IophOiprQx2C9jlokZyA1q3q5rYKneNHQ.css" /></noscript> <link rel='preload' media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_clN9WlEddSD3LFv7bYa_AyjyAf2Mi5iL10U9en10IH8.css" as='style' onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" /><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_clN9WlEddSD3LFv7bYa_AyjyAf2Mi5iL10U9en10IH8.css" /></noscript> <link rel='preload' media="all" href="//use.typekit.net/cro6dpa.css" as='style' onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" /><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//use.typekit.net/cro6dpa.css" /></noscript> </head> <body class="page page--node page--node-page page--menu-join-is-parent page--menu-join-is-child"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable"> Skip to main content </a> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-P6NR3T9" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <header class="site-header" data-main-nav-state="closed"> <div class="site-header__banner"> <div class="site-header__branding"> <a class="logo-link" aria-label="Yale School of Management home page" href="/"> <picture> <source srcset="/themes/custom/som/images/logos/yalesom_logo_horizontal-min.svg" width="400" height="59" alt="Yale School of Management logo" media="(min-width: 768px)" /> <img src="/themes/custom/som/images/logos/yalesom_logo_stacked-min.svg" class="yalesom-logo" width="205" height="101" alt="Yale School of Management logo"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="site-header__search"> <a class="link" href="/search"> <svg class="icon" aria-labelledby="title-header-search-icon" > <title id="title-header-search-icon">Search Yale School of Management</title> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#search"></use> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="site-header__menu-toggle"> <button class="toggle toggle--thin toggle--hamburger toggle--count-4" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="site-header-navigation-main" > <span class="toggle__label">Menu</span> <span class="toggle__bars"> <span class="toggle__bar toggle__bar--1"></span> <span class="toggle__bar toggle__bar--2"></span> <span class="toggle__bar toggle__bar--3"></span> <span class="toggle__bar toggle__bar--4"></span> </span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="site-header__menu-container"> <div class="site-header__menu" data-component-theme="dark" id="site-header-navigation-main"> <div class="site-header__menu-content"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-mainnavigation-menu" id="block-mainnavigation"> <div id="menu-main-menu" class="menu menu--main-menu menu--small-menu"> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-0"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <details class="menu__expand" id="menu-detail-161637485"> <summary class="menu__expand-button" aria-controls="menu-detail-161637485" aria-expanded="false" role="button"> <span class="menu__title">Degree Programs</span> <span data-region="header" class="toggle toggle--plus toggle--count-0" > </span> </summary> <div class="menu__list-container"> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-1"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="MBA" href="/programs/mba"> <span class="menu__title">MBA</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Two-year program for leaders in all industries.</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="MBA for Executives" href="/programs/emba"> <span class="menu__title">MBA for Executives</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Rigorous executive MBA for accomplished professionals.</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Master of Advanced Management" href="/programs/mam"> <span class="menu__title">Master of Advanced Management</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">MBA graduates of top business schools around the world spend a year at Yale.</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Master's in Asset Management" href="/programs/mms-asset-management"> <span class="menu__title">Master's in Asset Management</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Intensive introduction to investing with leading faculty and practitioners.</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Master's in Global Business & Society" href="/programs/mms-global-business-and-society"> <span class="menu__title">Master's in Global Business & Society</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">A year of advanced leadership training for MIM graduates of top business schools around the world</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Master's in Public Education Management" href="/centers/the-broad-center/masters-degree-in-public-education-management"> <span class="menu__title">Master's in Public Education Management</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">One-year program for leaders in urban public school systems.</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Master's in Systemic Risk" href="/programs/mms-systemic-risk"> <span class="menu__title">Master's in Systemic Risk</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Specialized program for developing leaders in government agencies that manage systemic risk.</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Master’s in Technology Management" href="/programs/masters-technology-management"> <span class="menu__title">Master’s in Technology Management</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">One-year business & leadership program designed exclusively for Yale College engineering students</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Joint Degrees" href="/programs/joint-degrees"> <span class="menu__title">Joint Degrees</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Environment, Global Affairs, Medicine, Law, Public Health, Engineering, Architecture, Drama, Divinity, PhD, and Asset Management</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Silver Scholars for College Seniors" href="/programs/silver-scholars"> <span class="menu__title">Silver Scholars for College Seniors</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Opportunity for college seniors to immediately pursue a Yale MBA.</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Doctoral Programs" href="/programs/phd"> <span class="menu__title">Doctoral Programs</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Accounting, Financial Economics, Marketing, Operations, and Organizations and Management</span> </li> </ul> </div> </details> <div role="presentation" class="menu__media"> <div class="media media--image media--full-square" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2023-10/DSC_6299.JPG.webp?itok=1R3UaKip 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_2688/public/2023-10/DSC_6299.JPG.webp?itok=dl8hCSRz 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="1344" height="1344"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2023-10/DSC_6299.JPG.webp?itok=z4qSm-U4 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2023-10/DSC_6299.JPG.webp?itok=1R3UaKip 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="640" height="640"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2023-10/DSC_6299.JPG.webp?itok=SYJKoJJv 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/card_800_/public/2023-10/DSC_6299.JPG.webp?itok=VxhbN0WP 2x" type="image/webp" width="420" height="260"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2023-10/DSC_6299.JPG.webp?itok=SYJKoJJv" width="420" height="260" alt="Nathan Novemsky teaching" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="The SOM Experience" href="/the-som-experience"> <span class="menu__title">The SOM Experience</span> </a> <div role="presentation" class="menu__media"> <div class="media media--image media--full-square" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2024-03/_DSC3859.jpg.webp?itok=m22txWGq 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_2688/public/2024-03/_DSC3859.jpg.webp?itok=DHwzewzn 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="1344" height="1344"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2024-03/_DSC3859.jpg.webp?itok=l58UIFx4 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2024-03/_DSC3859.jpg.webp?itok=m22txWGq 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="640" height="640"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-03/_DSC3859.jpg.webp?itok=fycZCia2 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/card_800_/public/2024-03/_DSC3859.jpg.webp?itok=uH3cnL-z 2x" type="image/webp" width="420" height="260"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-03/_DSC3859.jpg.webp?itok=fycZCia2" width="420" height="260" alt="Students in Evans Hall" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <details class="menu__expand" id="menu-detail-2141474657"> <summary class="menu__expand-button" aria-controls="menu-detail-2141474657" aria-expanded="false" role="button"> <span class="menu__title">Centers & Initiatives</span> <span class="toggle toggle--plus toggle--count-0" > </span> </summary> <div class="menu__list-container"> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-1"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="The Broad Center" href="/centers/the-broad-center"> <span class="menu__title">The Broad Center</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Transformative leadership for public education</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Yale Center for Customer Insights" href="/centers/center-for-customer-insights"> <span class="menu__title">Yale Center for Customer Insights</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Advancing the frontiers of consumer understanding</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="International Center for Finance" href="/centers/international-center-for-finance"> <span class="menu__title">International Center for Finance</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Support for research in financial economics</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Program on Entrepreneurship" href="/centers/Program-on-Entrepreneurship"> <span class="menu__title">Program on Entrepreneurship</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Creating entrepreneurs for business & society</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Program on Social Enterprise, Innovation, and Impact" href="/centers/program-on-social-enterprise-innovation-impact"> <span class="menu__title">Program on Social Enterprise, Innovation, and Impact</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Harnessing business skills and markets for social objectives</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Program on Financial Stability" href="/centers/program-on-financial-stability"> <span class="menu__title">Program on Financial Stability</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Improving our understanding and management of systemic risk</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Swensen Asset Management Institute" href="/centers/swensen-asset-management-institute"> <span class="menu__title">Swensen Asset Management Institute</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Furthering the study and practice of asset management</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1 menu__link--external" title="Center for Business and the Environment" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://cbey.yale.edu/"> <span class="menu__title">Center for Business and the Environment</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> <span class="menu__description">Accelerating the transition to a just and thriving world</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Chief Executive Leadership Institute" href="/centers/chief-executive-leadership-institute"> <span class="menu__title">Chief Executive Leadership Institute</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">The world’s first school for CEOs</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Program on Stakeholder Innovation and Management" href="/centers/program-stakeholder-innovation-and-management"> <span class="menu__title">Program on Stakeholder Innovation and Management</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Advancing stakeholder research, education, and practice to benefit business and society</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Thurman Arnold Project" href="/centers/thurman-arnold-project-at-yale"> <span class="menu__title">Thurman Arnold Project</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Research related to competition and antitrust enforcement</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Meng Impact Investment Fund" href="/centers/meng-impact-investment-fund"> <span class="menu__title">Meng Impact Investment Fund</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Investing in ventures solving society’s biggest challenges</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1 menu__link--external" title="Yale Center Beijing" rel="external" target="_blank" href="http://centerbeijing.yale.edu/"> <span class="menu__title">Yale Center Beijing</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> <span class="menu__description">Developing leaders from all regions of the globe</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="China India Insights Program" href="/centers/china-india-insights-program"> <span class="menu__title">China India Insights Program</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Delivering new thinking on China, India, and emerging markets</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Initiative on Leadership and Organization" href="/centers/initiative-on-leadership-and-organization"> <span class="menu__title">Initiative on Leadership and Organization</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Multidisciplinary understanding of leadership and organizations</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="SOM Lab" href="/centers/som-lab"> <span class="menu__title">SOM Lab</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">An interdepartmental behavioral lab</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1 menu__link--external" title="Y-Rise Research Initiative on Innovation & Scale" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://yrise.yale.edu/"> <span class="menu__title">Y-Rise Research Initiative on Innovation & Scale</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> <span class="menu__description">Developing the science behind scaling up policy interventions</span> </li> </ul> </div> </details> <div role="presentation" class="menu__media"> <div class="media media--image media--full-square" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2024-03/DSC_7028.JPG.webp?itok=m5yHiZRB 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_2688/public/2024-03/DSC_7028.JPG.webp?itok=mgaBNz4s 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="1344" height="1344"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2024-03/DSC_7028.JPG.webp?itok=kYdSM_Hc 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2024-03/DSC_7028.JPG.webp?itok=m5yHiZRB 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="640" height="640"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-03/DSC_7028.JPG.webp?itok=TBgH1wG5 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/card_800_/public/2024-03/DSC_7028.JPG.webp?itok=8xCt-cGc 2x" type="image/webp" width="420" height="260"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-03/DSC_7028.JPG.webp?itok=TBgH1wG5" width="420" height="260" alt="Yale SOM Courtyard view of Evans Hall" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="Faculty & Research" href="/faculty-research"> <span class="menu__title">Faculty & Research</span> </a> <div role="presentation" class="menu__media"> <div class="media media--image media--full-square" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2024-03/_DSC5726.jpg.webp?itok=CM47nRaK 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_2688/public/2024-03/_DSC5726.jpg.webp?itok=QT6nMa6x 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="1344" height="1344"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2024-03/_DSC5726.jpg.webp?itok=ksG96FCm 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2024-03/_DSC5726.jpg.webp?itok=CM47nRaK 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="640" height="640"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-03/_DSC5726.jpg.webp?itok=JENscosN 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/card_800_/public/2024-03/_DSC5726.jpg.webp?itok=mQPmetyl 2x" type="image/webp" width="420" height="260"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-03/_DSC5726.jpg.webp?itok=JENscosN" width="420" height="260" alt="Professor Pinker and students conversing in a classroom" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <details class="menu__expand" id="menu-detail-923053019"> <summary class="menu__expand-button" aria-controls="menu-detail-923053019" aria-expanded="false" role="button"> <span class="menu__title">Executive Education</span> <span class="toggle toggle--plus toggle--count-0" > </span> </summary> <div class="menu__list-container"> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-1"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Executive Education" href="/executive-education"> <span class="menu__title">Executive Education</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Enhance your leadership and management skills</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Digital Programs" href="/executive-education/digital-programs"> <span class="menu__title">Digital Programs</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Cutting-edge faculty insights available through the latest online learning tools</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="For Individuals" href="/executive-education/for-individuals"> <span class="menu__title">For Individuals</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Find the right program for your leadership journey</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="For Companies" href="/executive-education"> <span class="menu__title">For Companies</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Top-quality training designed for the needs of your organization</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Participant Information" href="/executive-education/participant-information"> <span class="menu__title">Participant Information</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Your questions answered</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Fellowship for Public Education Leadership" href="/centers/the-broad-center/fellowship-for-public-education-leadership"> <span class="menu__title">Fellowship for Public Education Leadership</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Fellowship for Public Education Leadership</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Collaborator Programs" href="/executive-education/collaborator-programs"> <span class="menu__title">Collaborator Programs</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Executive Education collaborator programs</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Veterans Benefits" href="/executive-education/veterans-benefits"> <span class="menu__title">Veterans Benefits</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Yale SOM is proud to support funding opportunities for military professionals</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="About us" href="/executive-education/about"> <span class="menu__title">About us</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">How we teach</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Community " href="/executive-education/community"> <span class="menu__title">Community </span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Discover a community of lifelong learners</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Contact" href="/executive-education/contact"> <span class="menu__title">Contact</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Contact Executive Education</span> </li> </ul> </div> </details> <div role="presentation" class="menu__media"> <div class="media media--image media--full-square" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2023-10/161019-155-SOM-Exec-Edu-Womens-Leadership-2.jpg.webp?itok=CCa4BafJ 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_2688/public/2023-10/161019-155-SOM-Exec-Edu-Womens-Leadership-2.jpg.webp?itok=DwJFJPa0 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="1344" height="1344"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2023-10/161019-155-SOM-Exec-Edu-Womens-Leadership-2.jpg.webp?itok=aFgSis1n 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2023-10/161019-155-SOM-Exec-Edu-Womens-Leadership-2.jpg.webp?itok=CCa4BafJ 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="640" height="640"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2023-10/161019-155-SOM-Exec-Edu-Womens-Leadership-2.jpg.webp?itok=qZNxuzYU 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/card_800_/public/2023-10/161019-155-SOM-Exec-Edu-Womens-Leadership-2.jpg.webp?itok=9oBxUJvh 2x" type="image/webp" width="420" height="260"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2023-10/161019-155-SOM-Exec-Edu-Womens-Leadership-2.jpg.webp?itok=qZNxuzYU" width="420" height="260" alt="Three students talking" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--active menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--active menu__link--depth-0" title="Alumni" aria-current="page" href="/alumni"> <span class="menu__title">Alumni</span> </a> <div role="presentation" class="menu__media"> <div class="media media--image media--full-square" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2023-10/ysm_awards_675_52484095999_o.jpg.webp?itok=hLsuVKDs 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_2688/public/2023-10/ysm_awards_675_52484095999_o.jpg.webp?itok=HQqsM0GD 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="1344" height="1344"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2023-10/ysm_awards_675_52484095999_o.jpg.webp?itok=LSTN-HAA 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2023-10/ysm_awards_675_52484095999_o.jpg.webp?itok=hLsuVKDs 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="640" height="640"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2023-10/ysm_awards_675_52484095999_o.jpg.webp?itok=RKQOFZck 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/card_800_/public/2023-10/ysm_awards_675_52484095999_o.jpg.webp?itok=WCJWSPk4 2x" type="image/webp" width="420" height="260"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2023-10/ysm_awards_675_52484095999_o.jpg.webp?itok=RKQOFZck" width="420" height="260" alt="Alumni standing in front of blue backdrop" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="About" href="/about"> <span class="menu__title">About</span> </a> <div role="presentation" class="menu__media"> <div class="media media--image media--full-square" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2024-03/_DSC4992_0.jpg.webp?itok=8zFqUzfd 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_2688/public/2024-03/_DSC4992_0.jpg.webp?itok=G2TEh3ix 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="1344" height="1344"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2024-03/_DSC4992_0.jpg.webp?itok=DqeFJAN5 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1344/public/2024-03/_DSC4992_0.jpg.webp?itok=8zFqUzfd 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="640" height="640"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-03/_DSC4992_0.jpg.webp?itok=lwfXbEgw 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/card_800_/public/2024-03/_DSC4992_0.jpg.webp?itok=u1s-jB1Y 2x" type="image/webp" width="420" height="260"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-03/_DSC4992_0.jpg.webp?itok=lwfXbEgw" width="420" height="260" alt="Evans Hall Courtyard" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-mainnavigationextra-menu" id="block-mainnavigationextra"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-mainnavigationextra-menu">Main navigation - Extra</h2> <div id="menu-utility-menu" class="menu menu--utility-menu menu--small-menu"> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-0"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0 menu__link--external" title="myPortal" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://som.yale.edu/myportal"> <span class="menu__title">myPortal</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="Giving" href="/yale-som-campaign"> <span class="menu__title">Giving</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0 menu__link--external" title="Career Development" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://som.yale.edu/careers"> <span class="menu__title">Career Development</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0 menu__link--external" title="Yale Insights" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://insights.som.yale.edu"> <span class="menu__title">Yale Insights</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main id="main-content" class="site-main"> <div class="region region--title"> <div id="block-breadcrumbs"> <div aria-label="breadcrumb" id="menu-breadcrumb" class="menu menu--breadcrumb menu--small-menu"> <ol class="menu__list menu__list--depth-0"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="" href="/alumni"> <span class="menu__title">Alumni: Home</span> </a> </li> </ol> </div> </div> <div id="block-pagetitle"> <h1 class="heading heading--xl" id="page-title"> Alumni </h1> </div> </div> <div id="secondary-nav-sticky-trigger" role="presentation"></div> <nav id="secondary-nav" class="secondary-nav" data-secondary-nav-state="closed" aria-labelledby="secondary-nav-title"> <div id="menu-secondary-menu" class="menu menu--secondary-menu"> <div class="menu__section-title"> <div class="menu__shield"> <img src="/themes/custom/som/images/logos/yalesom_logo_shield-min.svg" class="yalesom-logo yalesom-logo--shield" width="29" height="36" alt="Yale School of Management logo" /> </div> <h3 class="menu__heading" id="secondary-nav-title"> <a href="/alumni">Alumni</a> <span class="menu__help-text visually-hidden">Navigation Menu</span> </h3> <button id="block-somsubmenu" class="toggle toggle--thick toggle--down-caret toggle--count-0" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-secondary-menu" > <span class="toggle__label">Alumni <span class="toggle__help-text">Menu</span></span> </button> </div> <a class="menu__section-link" href="/alumni"> Alumni Home </a> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-0"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--active menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--active menu__link--depth-0" title="Alumni: Home" aria-current="page" href="/alumni"> <span class="menu__title">Alumni: Home</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0 menu__link--external" title="Alumni Directory" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://somconnect.yale.edu/"> <span class="menu__title">Alumni Directory</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0 menu__link--external" title="Career" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://cdo.som.yale.edu/"> <span class="menu__title">Career</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <details class="menu__expand" id="menu-detail-210357803"> <summary class="menu__expand-button" aria-controls="menu-detail-210357803" aria-expanded="false" role="button"> <span class="menu__title">Events & Reunions</span> <span class="toggle toggle--thin toggle--down-caret toggle--count-0" > </span> </summary> <div class="menu__list-container"> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-1"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Events & Reunions" href="/alumni/events-reunions"> <span class="menu__title">Events & Reunions</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Events & Reunions</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Yale SOM Exchange" href="/alumni/yale-som-exchange"> <span class="menu__title">Yale SOM Exchange</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Yale SOM Exchange</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Reunion Weekend " href="/alumni/events-reunions/reunions"> <span class="menu__title">Reunion Weekend </span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Alumni Reunions</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Women’s Circles" href="/alumni/events-reunions/yale-school-managements-womens-circles"> <span class="menu__title">Women’s Circles</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="Alumni Headlines" href="/alumni/alumni-headlines"> <span class="menu__title">Alumni Headlines</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <details class="menu__expand" id="menu-detail-376897811"> <summary class="menu__expand-button" aria-controls="menu-detail-376897811" aria-expanded="false" role="button"> <span class="menu__title">Alumni Benefits</span> <span class="toggle toggle--thin toggle--down-caret toggle--count-0" > </span> </summary> <div class="menu__list-container"> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-1"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Alumni Benefits" href="/alumni/alumni-benefits"> <span class="menu__title">Alumni Benefits</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Alumni Benefits</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Visit Evans Hall" href="/alumni/alumni-benefits/visit-edward-p-evans-hall"> <span class="menu__title">Visit Evans Hall</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Visit Evans Hall</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Loan Forgiveness" href="/alumni/alumni-benefits/loan-forgiveness"> <span class="menu__title">Loan Forgiveness</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Loan Forgiveness</span> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <details class="menu__expand" id="menu-detail-1789038666"> <summary class="menu__expand-button" aria-controls="menu-detail-1789038666" aria-expanded="false" role="button"> <span class="menu__title">Stay Engaged</span> <span class="toggle toggle--thin toggle--down-caret toggle--count-0" > </span> </summary> <div class="menu__list-container"> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-1"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Stay Engaged" href="/alumni/stay-engaged"> <span class="menu__title">Stay Engaged</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Stay Connected</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="SOM Connect" href="/alumni/som-connect"> <span class="menu__title">SOM Connect</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">SOM Connect</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Volunteer" href="/alumni/stay-connected/volunteer"> <span class="menu__title">Volunteer</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Volunteer</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Alumni Advisory Board" href="/alumni/stay-connected/alumni-advisory-board"> <span class="menu__title">Alumni Advisory Board</span> </a> <span class="menu__description">Alumni Advisory Board</span> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1 menu__link--external" title="Yale SOM Gear" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://secure.touchnet.net/C20510_ustores/web/store_main.jsp?STOREID=43&SINGLESTORE=true&clearPreview=true"> <span class="menu__title">Yale SOM Gear</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Just Five Questions" href="/alumni/stay-engaged/just-five-questions"> <span class="menu__title">Just Five Questions</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <details class="menu__expand" id="menu-detail-359971251"> <summary class="menu__expand-button" aria-controls="menu-detail-359971251" aria-expanded="false" role="button"> <span class="menu__title">Contact</span> <span class="toggle toggle--thin toggle--down-caret toggle--count-0" > </span> </summary> <div class="menu__list-container"> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-1"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Contact" href="/support-yale-som/contact"> <span class="menu__title">Contact</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-1" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-1" title="Registrar's Office for Alumni" href="/alumni/stay-connected/registrars-office-alumni"> <span class="menu__title">Registrar's Office for Alumni</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <article role="article" id="node-243385" class="node node--page node--full"> <div class="layout--l layout--margin-m layout--edge-full layout layout--one-column"> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div class="hero-animation" role="presentation" aria-describedby="hero-animation_35142"> <h2 id="hero-animation_35142" class="visually-hidden"> Animation description: The words Success and Impact independently slide in around a large ampersand. </h2> <div data-aos="hero-animation" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-center" data-aos-offset="200" class="hero-animation__container"> <div class="hero-animation__heading" aria-hidden="true"> <span id="paragraph-hero-animation-35142" class="hero-animation__word hero-animation__word--left">success</span> <span class="hero-animation__heading-divider">&</span> <span id="paragraph-hero-animation-35142" class="hero-animation__word hero-animation__word--right">impact</span> </div> </div> <div class="hero-animation__image-container" role="presentation"> <div class="hero-animation__image"> <div class="media media--image media--hero-animation" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_800/public/2023-06/52889158777_e18b1c0c65_k.jpg.webp?itok=p3ry12Tn 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1440/public/2023-06/52889158777_e18b1c0c65_k.jpg.webp?itok=ToAmCn1r 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="800" height="800"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2023-06/52889158777_e18b1c0c65_k.jpg.webp?itok=V95RhSVP 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1120/public/2023-06/52889158777_e18b1c0c65_k.jpg.webp?itok=XHVucd2a 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1080px)" type="image/webp" width="640" height="640"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_480/public/2023-06/52889158777_e18b1c0c65_k.jpg.webp?itok=LLLv0bHv 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_800/public/2023-06/52889158777_e18b1c0c65_k.jpg.webp?itok=p3ry12Tn 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="480" height="480"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2023-06/52889158777_e18b1c0c65_k.jpg.webp?itok=bpTrfD9H 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/card_800_/public/2023-06/52889158777_e18b1c0c65_k.jpg.webp?itok=mysCUuUu 2x" type="image/webp" width="420" height="260"/> <img loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_160/public/2023-06/52889158777_e18b1c0c65_k.jpg.webp?itok=h7DJHO6D" width="160" height="160" alt="Yale SOm Alumni posing" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="hero-animation__image"> <div class="media media--image media--hero-animation" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_800/public/2022-01/02fn-b.jpg.webp?itok=U-XTWQb1 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1440/public/2022-01/02fn-b.jpg.webp?itok=kCV0QGAh 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="800" height="800"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2022-01/02fn-b.jpg.webp?itok=n6qEi22n 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1120/public/2022-01/02fn-b.jpg.webp?itok=EVDr-ZdB 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1080px)" type="image/webp" width="640" height="640"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_480/public/2022-01/02fn-b.jpg.webp?itok=3rG8B6k2 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_800/public/2022-01/02fn-b.jpg.webp?itok=U-XTWQb1 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="480" height="480"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2022-01/02fn-b.jpg.webp?itok=0FEfuIE2 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/card_800_/public/2022-01/02fn-b.jpg.webp?itok=eavexbdt 2x" type="image/webp" width="420" height="260"/> <img loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_160/public/2022-01/02fn-b.jpg.webp?itok=gtV49xOP" width="160" height="160" alt="aerial view of city" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="layout--l layout layout--one-column" aria-labelledby="paragraph-heading-4430"> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div id="paragraph-heading-4430" class="paragraph paragraph--type--heading" > <h2 class="heading heading--thick heading--l "> Connect with Yale SOM </h2> </div> <section class="layout--l layout--column-50-50 layout layout--two-column "> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div id="paragraph-heading-3768" class="paragraph paragraph--type--heading" > <h3 class="heading heading--none heading--m "> <a class="heading__heading-link" href="/alumni/career"> Careers </a> </h3> </div> <div id="paragraph-text-with-media-7254" class="text-with-media text-with-media--left text-with-media--image " > <div class="text-with-media__media"> <figure class="figure"> <div class="media media--image media--half-scaled" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_1344_/public/2021-11/2019-12-06-som-150_0.jpg.webp?itok=Ovyf9LLM 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/scaled_2688_/public/2021-11/2019-12-06-som-150_0.jpg.webp?itok=CN_z3hqO 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1080px)" type="image/webp" width="140" height="93"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_672_/public/2021-11/2019-12-06-som-150_0.jpg.webp?itok=w4mE-yZ7 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/scaled_1344_/public/2021-11/2019-12-06-som-150_0.jpg.webp?itok=Ovyf9LLM 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="140" height="93"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_420_/public/2021-11/2019-12-06-som-150_0.jpg.webp?itok=MEpJ3rlZ 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/scaled_840_/public/2021-11/2019-12-06-som-150_0.jpg.webp?itok=4t1Fbib2 2x" type="image/webp" width="140" height="93"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_140_/public/2021-11/2019-12-06-som-150_0.jpg.webp?itok=1KqgkLqq" width="140" height="93" alt="Alumni entrepreneur on a panel in the classroom" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> <figcaption class="figure__caption"> <span class="figure__credit"></span> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="text-with-media__content"> <div class="text-long"><p>The Career Development Office (CDO) at Yale SOM works with Yale SOM Alumni on your own careers, as well as accessing Yale SOM talent to build your teams. Whether you are rejoining the workforce, relocating, evaluating unexpected opportunities, planning a career change, or hiring to grow your team, the Career Development Office can support you.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--two"> <div id="paragraph-heading-3769" class="paragraph paragraph--type--heading" > <h3 class="heading heading--none heading--m "> <a class="heading__heading-link" href="/alumni/stay-connected"> Volunteer </a> </h3> </div> <div id="paragraph-text-with-media-7255" class="text-with-media text-with-media--left text-with-media--image " > <div class="text-with-media__media"> <figure class="figure"> <div class="media media--image media--half-scaled" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_1344_/public/2021-11/som_reunion-0027.jpg.webp?itok=dbKdLtk0 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/scaled_2688_/public/2021-11/som_reunion-0027.jpg.webp?itok=zlEV91kU 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1080px)" type="image/webp" width="140" height="93"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_672_/public/2021-11/som_reunion-0027.jpg.webp?itok=wjdhFyOQ 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/scaled_1344_/public/2021-11/som_reunion-0027.jpg.webp?itok=dbKdLtk0 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="140" height="93"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_420_/public/2021-11/som_reunion-0027.jpg.webp?itok=jZ-ADzQd 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/scaled_840_/public/2021-11/som_reunion-0027.jpg.webp?itok=Q3rYWcJ- 2x" type="image/webp" width="140" height="93"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_140_/public/2021-11/som_reunion-0027.jpg.webp?itok=iAalmZrq" width="140" height="93" alt="Alumni volunteer event with two alums greeting each other" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> <figcaption class="figure__caption"> <span class="figure__credit"></span> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="text-with-media__content"> <div class="text-long"><p>Alumni support the School and the alumni community by volunteering in a wide range of important roles. Whether Yale SOM Alumni are looking to offer their time or talents, there is a volunteer opportunity to fit every schedule.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="layout--l layout--margin-l layout--column-70-30 layout layout--two-column "> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div id="paragraph-text-with-media-7241" class="text-with-media text-with-media--left text-with-media--image " > <div class="text-with-media__media"> <figure class="figure"> <div class="media media--image media--half-scaled" role="group"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_1344_/public/2021-11/radha_kuppalli.jpg.webp?itok=cRuBru9X 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/scaled_2688_/public/2021-11/radha_kuppalli.jpg.webp?itok=MwxTUspU 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1080px)" type="image/webp" width="140" height="93"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_672_/public/2021-11/radha_kuppalli.jpg.webp?itok=mSB0Th1J 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/scaled_1344_/public/2021-11/radha_kuppalli.jpg.webp?itok=cRuBru9X 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="140" height="93"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_420_/public/2021-11/radha_kuppalli.jpg.webp?itok=xLKQG_B7 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/scaled_840_/public/2021-11/radha_kuppalli.jpg.webp?itok=sN0hY5Tw 2x" type="image/webp" width="140" height="93"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/scaled_140_/public/2021-11/radha_kuppalli.jpg.webp?itok=Jqr1jd3l" width="140" height="93" alt="Radha Kuppali portrait" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> <figcaption class="figure__caption"> <span class="figure__credit"></span> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="text-with-media__content"> <div class="text-long"><blockquote><p>When I discovered SOM, I realized its ethos was very closely aligned to my values around creating an impact in the world. </p> </blockquote> <p><a href="https://som.yale.edu/profile/radha-kuppalli-06">—Radha Kuppalli ’06</a>, Managing Director, Investor Services, New Forests</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--two"> <div id="paragraph-button-7242" class="paragraph paragraph--button paragraph--stacked-button"> <a class="som-link som-link--primary som-link--medium" href="https://somconnect.yale.edu/"> <span class="som-link__text">Alumni Directory</span> <span class="animated-arrow animated-arrow--right"> </span> </a> </div> <div id="paragraph-button-7279" class="paragraph paragraph--button paragraph--stacked-button"> <a class="som-link som-link--secondary som-link--medium" href="https://somconnect.yale.edu/"> <span class="som-link__text">SOM Connect</span> <span class="animated-arrow animated-arrow--right"> </span> </a> </div> <div id="paragraph-button-39784" class="paragraph paragraph--button paragraph--stacked-button"> <a class="som-link som-link--secondary som-link--medium" href="https://admissions.som.yale.edu/register/referral"> <span class="som-link__text">Refer a Candidate</span> <span class="animated-arrow animated-arrow--right"> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="layout--l layout--margin-l layout layout--one-column" aria-labelledby="paragraph-heading-7282"> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div id="paragraph-heading-7282" class="paragraph paragraph--type--heading" > <h2 class="heading heading--thick heading--l "> <a class="heading__heading-link" href="/alumni/alumni-headlines"> Alumni headlines </a> </h2> </div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-ea8fae7f067b285a4575db7e25ab16fa91cd7c2686a0ecb82a621ef72cbdf5db"> <section class="layout-parent"> <div class="layout layout--three-column layout--view-grid "> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div id="item-275629" data-js="node-teaser" class="som-row som-row--story som-row--card som-row--grid" > <figure class="som-row__image"> <img srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-11/Sooah-Billy-3%20%28USE%20THIS%20ONE%29_0.jpg.webp?itok=X2pJOMsP 420w, /sites/default/files/styles/card_672_/public/2024-11/Sooah-Billy-3%20%28USE%20THIS%20ONE%29_0.jpg.webp?itok=oqiIYIYw 672w, /sites/default/files/styles/card_800_/public/2024-11/Sooah-Billy-3%20%28USE%20THIS%20ONE%29_0.jpg.webp?itok=PD86mLg7 840w, /sites/default/files/styles/card_1344_/public/2024-11/Sooah-Billy-3%20%28USE%20THIS%20ONE%29_0.jpg.webp?itok=HyIQQljP 1344w" sizes="(min-width: 752px) 50vw, (min-width: 1065px) 33vw, 100vw" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-11/Sooah-Billy-3%20%28USE%20THIS%20ONE%29_0.jpg.webp?itok=X2pJOMsP" width="420" height="260" alt="Sooah Rho and Billy Huang" loading="lazy" /> </figure> <div class="som-row__content"> <span class="som-row__date"> November 20, 2024 </span> <h3 class="som-row__heading som-row__heading--m "> <a class="som-row__heading-link" href="/story/2024/advancing-workforce-development-through-impact-investing-connecticut"> Advancing Workforce Development Through Impact Investing in Connecticut </a> </h3> <div class="som-row__text"> <p>On November 13, 2024, Sooah Rho ’23 and Billy Huang ’21 came to speak at Social Impact Lab. Both alums embody a commitment to social impact that bridges personal experience, systemic change, and innovative program design.</p> </div> </div> <div class="som-row__metadata"> </div> </div> <div id="item-275428" data-js="node-teaser" class="som-row som-row--story som-row--card som-row--grid" > <figure class="som-row__image"> <img srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-11/Lindsay%20Greene%20-%202%20%281%29-2.jpg.webp?itok=anZTHe4O 420w, /sites/default/files/styles/card_672_/public/2024-11/Lindsay%20Greene%20-%202%20%281%29-2.jpg.webp?itok=xunnxcxH 672w, /sites/default/files/styles/card_800_/public/2024-11/Lindsay%20Greene%20-%202%20%281%29-2.jpg.webp?itok=QnzgU7I5 840w, /sites/default/files/styles/card_1344_/public/2024-11/Lindsay%20Greene%20-%202%20%281%29-2.jpg.webp?itok=hySR0TIX 1344w" sizes="(min-width: 752px) 50vw, (min-width: 1065px) 33vw, 100vw" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-11/Lindsay%20Greene%20-%202%20%281%29-2.jpg.webp?itok=anZTHe4O" width="420" height="260" alt="Lindsay Greene" loading="lazy" /> </figure> <div class="som-row__content"> <span class="som-row__date"> November 08, 2024 </span> <h3 class="som-row__heading som-row__heading--m "> <a class="som-row__heading-link" href="/story/2024/balancing-mission-driven-leadership-and-inclusive-industrial-growth-0"> Balancing Mission-Driven Leadership and Inclusive Industrial Growth </a> </h3> <div class="som-row__text"> <p>Lindsay Greene '11, President and CEO of the Brooklyn Navy Yard, spoke at Social Impact Lab, sharing her experiences at the helm of a unique mission-driven industrial hub in New York City.</p> </div> </div> <div class="som-row__metadata"> </div> </div> <div id="item-275370" data-js="node-teaser" class="som-row som-row--story som-row--card som-row--grid" > <figure class="som-row__image"> <img srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-09/Evans%20Hall-05%20%282%29.jpg.webp?itok=rtoatBTe 420w, /sites/default/files/styles/card_672_/public/2024-09/Evans%20Hall-05%20%282%29.jpg.webp?itok=w_HwHWpv 672w, /sites/default/files/styles/card_800_/public/2024-09/Evans%20Hall-05%20%282%29.jpg.webp?itok=RimnoVXE 840w, /sites/default/files/styles/card_1344_/public/2024-09/Evans%20Hall-05%20%282%29.jpg.webp?itok=IdLmJZgy 1344w" sizes="(min-width: 752px) 50vw, (min-width: 1065px) 33vw, 100vw" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_420_/public/2024-09/Evans%20Hall-05%20%282%29.jpg.webp?itok=rtoatBTe" width="420" height="260" alt="Evans Hall" loading="lazy" /> </figure> <div class="som-row__content"> <span class="som-row__date"> November 06, 2024 </span> <h3 class="som-row__heading som-row__heading--m "> <a class="som-row__heading-link" href="/story/2024/alumni-elected-congress-rhode-island-and-kentucky"> Alumni Elected to Congress in Rhode Island and Kentucky </a> </h3> <div class="som-row__text"> <p>Seth Magaziner ’10 was re-elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Rhode Island and Brett Guthrie ’97 won his ninth term as U.S. representative from Kentucky.</p> </div> </div> <div class="som-row__metadata"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div id="paragraph-button-37243" class="paragraph paragraph--button paragraph--stacked-button"> <a class="som-link som-link--medium" href="/alumni/alumni-headlines"> <span class="som-link__text">View All Headlines</span> <span class="animated-arrow animated-arrow--right"> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="layout--l layout layout--one-column" aria-labelledby="paragraph-heading-37240"> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div id="paragraph-heading-37240" class="paragraph paragraph--type--heading" > <h2 class="heading heading--thick heading--l "> <a class="heading__heading-link" href="/alumni/events-reunions"> Events & reunions </a> </h2> </div> <div class="layout--m layout--margin-l layout layout--one-column"> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--one"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="event-teaser-list-view js-view-dom-id-b1caeaa7b6ad66e3b39f136c927ea9002feea59bb5d930c941f8b43e85df8737"> <p>There are no upcoming events.</p> </div> </div> <div id="paragraph-button-37244" class="paragraph paragraph--button paragraph--stacked-button"> <a class="som-link som-link--medium" href="/alumni/events-reunions"> <span class="som-link__text">View all Events</span> <span class="animated-arrow animated-arrow--right"> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </article> </main> <div id="block-customcss" role="complementary" aria-label="Custom CSS" data-region="pre-footer"> <div class="text-long"><style type="text/css"> <![CDATA[/* ><!]]>*/ </style></div> </div> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="site-footer__container"> <ul class="site-footer__social-menu"> <li class="site-footer__social-item"> <a class="social-link__site-footer" target="_blank" href="https://instagram.com/YaleSOM"> <svg class="icon" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#instagram"></use> </svg> <span class="visually-hidden">Instagram</span> </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__social-item"> <a class="social-link__site-footer" target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/school/yale-school-of-management/"> <svg class="icon" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#linkedin"></use> </svg> <span class="visually-hidden">LinkedIn</span> </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__social-item"> <a class="social-link__site-footer" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/yalesom"> <svg class="icon" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#facebook"></use> </svg> <span class="visually-hidden">Facebook</span> </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__social-item"> <a class="social-link__site-footer" target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/yalesom"> <svg class="icon" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#youtube"></use> </svg> <span class="visually-hidden">YouTube</span> </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__social-item"> <a class="social-link__site-footer" target="_blank" href="https://www.threads.net/@yalesom"> <svg class="icon" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#threads"></use> </svg> <span class="visually-hidden">Threads</span> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="site-footer__contact"> <p class="site-footer__address"> <strong>Yale School of Management</strong><br/> Edward P. Evans Hall<br/> 165 Whitney Avenue<br/> New Haven, CT 06511-3729 </p> <div class="site-footer__cta-items"> <a class="som-link som-link--continuation som-link--medium" href="/apply"> <span class="som-link__text">Apply Now</span> <span class="animated-arrow animated-arrow--right"> </span> </a> <a class="som-link som-link--continuation som-link--medium" href="/newsletter"> <span class="som-link__text">Get Yale SOM News</span> <span class="animated-arrow animated-arrow--right"> </span> </a> </div> </div> <nav class="site-footer__navigation" aria-labelledby="footernavigation-menu"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="footernavigation-menu">Footer navigation</h2> <div id="menu-footer-menu-internal" class="menu menu--footer-menu-internal menu--footer-menu menu--small-menu"> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-0"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="Business & Society" href="/the-som-experience/mission"> <span class="menu__title">Business & Society</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="Programs" href="/programs"> <span class="menu__title">Programs</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="Case Studies" href="/case-studies"> <span class="menu__title">Case Studies</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="Giving" href="/about/support-yale-som"> <span class="menu__title">Giving</span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0" title="Contact" href="/about/contact"> <span class="menu__title">Contact</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="menu-footer-menu-external" class="menu menu--footer-menu-external menu--footer-menu menu--small-menu"> <ul class="menu__list menu__list--depth-0"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0 menu__link--external" title="SOM Directory" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://directory.som.yale.edu/"> <span class="menu__title">SOM Directory</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0 menu__link--external" title="Alumni Directory" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://somconnect.yale.edu"> <span class="menu__title">Alumni Directory</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0 menu__link--external" title="Campus Groups" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://groups.som.yale.edu/home_login"> <span class="menu__title">Campus Groups</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0 menu__link--external" title="Recruiters" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://som.yale.edu/careers"> <span class="menu__title">Recruiters</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0 menu__link--external" title="Yale Insights" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://insights.som.yale.edu/"> <span class="menu__title">Yale Insights</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--depth-0 menu__item--external" > <a class="menu__link menu__link--depth-0 menu__link--external" title="The Global Network" rel="external" target="_blank" href="https://globalnetwork.io/"> <span class="menu__title">The Global Network</span> <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div class="site-footer__copyright"> <ul class="site-footer__copyright-menu"> <li class="site-footer__copyright-item"> <a class="copyright-link__site-footer" href="/site-map"> Site Map </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__copyright-item"> <a class="copyright-link__site-footer" href="/terms-of-use"> Terms of Use </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__copyright-item"> <a class="copyright-link__site-footer copyright-link__site-footer--external" rel="external" href="https://www.yale.edu/privacy-policy"> Privacy Policy <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__copyright-item"> <a class="copyright-link__site-footer copyright-link__site-footer--external" rel="external" href="https://usability.yale.edu/web-accessibility/accessibility-yale"> Accessibility <svg class="icon" role="presentation" > <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/som/dist/icons.svg#arrow-top-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="site-footer__copyright-notice"> © Copyright 2024 Yale School of Management. All rights reserved. </p> <div class="site-footer__logos"> <a class="logo-link__site-footer" id="footer-logo-yale" rel="external" href="https://www.yale.edu/"> <img src="/themes/custom/som/images/logos/yale_university_logo.svg" loading="lazy" alt="Yale Universityt logo" width="500" height="216.1"> </a> <a class="logo-link__site-footer" id="footer-logo-gn" rel="external" href="https://globalnetwork.io"> <img src="/themes/custom/som/images/logos/gn_logo.svg" loading="lazy" alt="Global Network for Advanced Management logo" width="499.75" height="49.669"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer__ampersand"> <img src="/themes/custom/som/images/logos/ampersand_business_society.svg" loading="lazy" alt="Educating leaders for business and society" width="326.75" height="224.19"> </div> </div> </footer> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/243385","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"81ad299b12694224a09e34073e699acdb4043e5a74425c36c901ebe53b6ce993"}}</script> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/3.11.4/gsap.min.js" defer defer></script> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/3.11.4/ScrollTrigger.min.js" defer defer></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_f8flR6O8_jBaoxAxGJeDRM0OON5a71EjQRbtH1If0Zg.js" defer></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-9a9cccb33f0fcc3edf9","applicationID":"978557967","transactionName":"YVJSNRMAVkAHUkZZC1gYcQIVCFddSXVARRRXW2wPDgVdbyVeXEQWWVtcBBM9dlwCVGRZAUF0Xw8VE1dfClRAHVpAXlUW","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":1039,"atts":"TRVRQ1saRU4=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>