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id="toc-Fictional_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Before_the_world's_creation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Before_the_world's_creation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Before the world's creation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Before_the_world's_creation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>First Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Second Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Third Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appearance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appearance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Appearance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Appearance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Appearance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Appearance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Physical_body" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_body"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Physical body</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_body-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eye_of_Sauron" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eye_of_Sauron"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Eye of Sauron</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eye_of_Sauron-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concept_and_creation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concept_and_creation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Concept and creation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concept_and_creation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Analysis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Analysis subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wholly_evil_will" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wholly_evil_will"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Wholly evil will</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wholly_evil_will-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classically_reptilian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classically_reptilian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Classically reptilian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classically_reptilian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Destructive_Dracula-figure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Destructive_Dracula-figure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Destructive Dracula-figure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Destructive_Dracula-figure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Celtic_Balor_of_the_Evil_Eye" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celtic_Balor_of_the_Evil_Eye"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Celtic Balor of the Evil Eye</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Celtic_Balor_of_the_Evil_Eye-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antagonist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antagonist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Antagonist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antagonist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Adaptations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Primary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Secondary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sauron</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="ساورون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ساورون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Саўран – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Саўран" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Саўрон – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Саўрон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Саурон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Саурон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saoron" title="Saoron – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Saoron" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A0uron" title="Sàuron – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sàuron" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figuren_in_Tolkiens_Welt#Sauron" title="Figuren in Tolkiens Welt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Figuren in Tolkiens Welt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Σάουρον – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σάουρον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%C5%ADrono" title="Saŭrono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Saŭrono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="سائورون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سائورون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%B0%EB%A1%A0" title="사우론 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사우론" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F" title="סאורון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סאורון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="საურონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საურონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauronas" title="Sauronas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sauronas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron_(Tolkien)" title="Sauron (Tolkien) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sauron (Tolkien)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3" title="サウロン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サウロン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Саурон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Саурон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Саурон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Саурон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8C%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="சௌரோன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சௌரோன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="เซารอน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซารอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Саурон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Саурон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%88_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A4%D8%B1%D9%86" title="لارڈ ساؤرن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لارڈ ساؤرن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sauron" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Primary antagonist in Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the character from J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth writings. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sauron_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sauron (disambiguation)">Sauron (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fictional character</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394594">.mw-parser-output .ib-character{border-spacing:2px 5px}.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background-color:#DEDEE2}.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-image img{background-color:#f8f9fa}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background:hsl(240,6%,20%);color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background:hsl(240,6%,20%);color:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-character"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above notheme">Sauron</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien</a></i> character</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sauron_Tolkien_illustration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f8/Sauron_Tolkien_illustration.jpg/220px-Sauron_Tolkien_illustration.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f8/Sauron_Tolkien_illustration.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="234" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">J. R. R. Tolkien's watercolour illustration of Sauron<sup id="cite_ref-Hammond_Scull_1995_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hammond_Scull_1995-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">In-universe information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Aliases</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Mairon (originally)</li> <li>Annatar</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Dark_Lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark Lord">Dark Lord</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Necromancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Necromancer">Necromancer</a></li> <li>Lord of the Rings</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Race</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maia_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maia (Middle-earth)">Maia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Book(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit" title="The Hobbit">The Hobbit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Silmarillion" title="The Silmarillion">The Silmarillion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unfinished_Tales" title="Unfinished Tales">Unfinished Tales</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Middle-earth" title="The History of Middle-earth">The History of Middle-earth</a></i> series</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beren_and_L%C3%BAthien" title="Beren and Lúthien">Beren and Lúthien</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sauron</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/aʊər/: 'our' in 'hour'">aʊər</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Title_character" title="Title character">title character</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the main <a href="/wiki/Antagonist" title="Antagonist">antagonist</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i>, where he rules the land of <a href="/wiki/Mordor" title="Mordor">Mordor</a>. He has the ambition of ruling the whole of <a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">Middle-earth</a>, using the power of the <a href="/wiki/One_Ring" title="One Ring">One Ring</a>, which he has lost and seeks to recapture. In the same work, he is identified as the "<a href="/wiki/Necromancy" title="Necromancy">Necromancer</a>" of Tolkien's earlier novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit" title="The Hobbit">The Hobbit</a></i>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Silmarillion" title="The Silmarillion">The Silmarillion</a></i> describes him as the chief lieutenant of the first <a href="/wiki/Dark_Lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark Lord">Dark Lord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morgoth" title="Morgoth">Morgoth</a>. Tolkien noted that the <a href="/wiki/Ainur_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ainur (Middle-earth)">Ainur</a>, the "<a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">angelic</a>" powers of his constructed myth, "were capable of many degrees of error and failing", but by far the worst was "the absolute <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satanic</a> rebellion and evil of Morgoth and his satellite Sauron".<sup id="cite_ref-Letter_156_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter_156-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sauron appears most often as "the Eye", as if disembodied. </p><p>Tolkien, while denying that absolute <a href="/wiki/Evil_in_Middle-earth" title="Evil in Middle-earth">evil</a> could exist, stated that Sauron came as near to a wholly evil will as was possible. Commentators have compared Sauron to the <a href="/wiki/Count_Dracula" title="Count Dracula">title character</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bram_Stoker" title="Bram Stoker">Bram Stoker</a>'s 1897 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Dracula" title="Dracula">Dracula</a></i>, and to <a href="/wiki/Balor_of_the_Evil_Eye" class="mw-redirect" title="Balor of the Evil Eye">Balor of the Evil Eye</a> in <a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish mythology</a>. Sauron is briefly seen in a <a href="/wiki/Humanoid" title="Humanoid">humanoid</a> form in <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (film series)">film trilogy</a>, which otherwise shows him as a disembodied, flaming Eye. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fictional_history">Fictional history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauron&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Fictional history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Arda" title="History of Arda">History of Arda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Decline_and_fall_in_Middle-earth" title="Decline and fall in Middle-earth">Decline and fall in Middle-earth</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Before_the_world's_creation"><span id="Before_the_world.27s_creation"></span>Before the world's creation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauron&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Before the world's creation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Ainulindal%C3%AB" title="Ainulindalë">Ainulindalë</a></i> explains how the supreme being <a href="/wiki/Eru_Il%C3%BAvatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Eru Ilúvatar">Eru</a> began the creation with good,<sup id="cite_ref-Council_of_Elrond_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Council_of_Elrond-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> immortal, angelic spirits, the <a href="/wiki/Ainur_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ainur (Middle-earth)">Ainur</a>. These were the lesser <a href="/wiki/Maia_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maia (Middle-earth)">Maiar</a> including Sauron, and the greater <a href="/wiki/Valar" title="Valar">Valar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Letter_156_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter_156-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Letter_183_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter_183-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sauron perceived Eru directly.<sup id="cite_ref-MR_pp395–398_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MR_pp395–398-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was "far higher" than the Maiar who later came to Middle-earth as <a href="/wiki/Wizard_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wizard (Middle-earth)">Wizards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Letter_183_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter_183-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Vala Melkor rebelled against Eru,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> starting the evils<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which Sauron continued.<sup id="cite_ref-MR_pp395–398_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MR_pp395–398-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Age">First Age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauron&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sauron served <a href="/wiki/Aul%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aulë">Aulë</a>, the smith of the Valar, acquiring much knowledge;<sup id="cite_ref-MR_52_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MR_52-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Valaquenta_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valaquenta-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was at first called <i>Mairon</i> (<a href="/wiki/Quenya" title="Quenya">Quenya</a>: "The Admirable") until he joined Melkor. In <a href="/wiki/Beleriand" title="Beleriand">Beleriand</a>, he was called <i>Gorthu</i> ("Mist of Fear") and <i>Gorthaur</i> ("The Cruel") in <a href="/wiki/Sindarin" title="Sindarin">Sindarin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sauron was drawn to Melkor's power,<sup id="cite_ref-Of_the_Rings_of_Power_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Of_the_Rings_of_Power-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as he hated disorder.<sup id="cite_ref-MR_pp395–398_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MR_pp395–398-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sauron became a spy for Melkor on the isle of <a href="/wiki/Almaren" class="mw-redirect" title="Almaren">Almaren</a>, the Valar's home.<sup id="cite_ref-MR_52_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MR_52-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Melkor soon destroyed Almaren; the Valar moved to <a href="/wiki/Valinor" title="Valinor">Valinor</a>, not perceiving Sauron's treachery.<sup id="cite_ref-Letter_131_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter_131-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sauron followed Melkor to <a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">Middle-earth</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and openly joined the Valar's enemy.<sup id="cite_ref-Letter_183_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter_183-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sauron helped Melkor in every kind of deceit.<sup id="cite_ref-MR_420–421_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MR_420–421-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Valaquenta_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valaquenta-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time <a href="/wiki/Elf_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elf (Middle-earth)">Elves</a> awoke, Sauron was Melkor's lieutenant with command over the stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Angband_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Angband (Middle-earth)">Angband</a>. The Valar made war on Melkor and captured him, but Sauron escaped.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He hid, repaired Angband, and bred an army of <a href="/wiki/Orc_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orc (Middle-earth)">Orcs</a>. Melkor, now called Morgoth, murdered Finwë, King of the Noldor, and escaped to Middle-earth with the <a href="/wiki/Silmaril" class="mw-redirect" title="Silmaril">Silmarils</a>, pursued by the Noldor.<sup id="cite_ref-MR_420–421_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MR_420–421-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sauron directed the war against the Elves, conquering their fortress of Minas Tirith (not the later city in Gondor) on the isle of Tol Sirion. <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BAthien" class="mw-redirect" title="Lúthien">Lúthien</a> came there to save her lover, the imprisoned <a href="/wiki/Beren" class="mw-redirect" title="Beren">Beren</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Huan_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Huan (Middle-earth)">Huan</a> the Wolfhound. Sauron, as a <a href="/wiki/Werewolf" title="Werewolf">werewolf</a>, battled Huan, who took him by the throat; he was defeated and left as a huge <a href="/wiki/Vampire_bat" title="Vampire bat">vampire bat</a>. Lúthien destroyed the tower and rescued Beren. <a href="/wiki/E%C3%A4rendil" class="mw-redirect" title="Eärendil">Eärendil</a> eventually sailed to Valinor, and the Valar moved against Morgoth in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_Wrath" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Wrath">War of Wrath</a>; he was cast into the Outer Void beyond the world, but again Sauron escaped.<sup id="cite_ref-v333_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v333-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Age">Second Age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauron&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>About 500 years into the <a href="/wiki/Second_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Age">Second Age</a>, Sauron reappeared,<sup id="cite_ref-MR_420–421_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MR_420–421-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> intent on taking over Middle-earth.<sup id="cite_ref-Letter_183_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter_183-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Letter_131_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter_131-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-letters190_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-letters190-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MR_pp395–398_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MR_pp395–398-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To seduce the Elves into his service, Sauron assumed a fair appearance as <i>Annatar</i>, "Lord of Gifts"<sup id="cite_ref-Of_the_Rings_of_Power_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Of_the_Rings_of_Power-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and befriended <a href="/wiki/Celebrimbor" title="Celebrimbor">Celebrimbor</a>'s Elven-smiths of <a href="/wiki/Eregion" class="mw-redirect" title="Eregion">Eregion</a>. He taught them arts and magic, helping them to forge the <a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Power" title="Rings of Power">Rings of Power</a>. Sauron secretly forged the <a href="/wiki/One_Ring" title="One Ring">One Ring</a>, to rule all the others, in <a href="/wiki/Mordor" title="Mordor">Mordor</a>'s volcanic <a href="/wiki/Mount_Doom" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Doom">Mount Doom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Letter_131_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter_131-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Elves detected his influence when he put on the One Ring, and removed their Rings. Enraged, Sauron made war and overran Eregion, killed Celebrimbor, and seized the Seven and the Nine Rings of Power. The Three Rings were secretly entrusted to the Elves <a href="/wiki/Gil-galad" title="Gil-galad">Gil-galad</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%ADrdan" class="mw-redirect" title="Círdan">Círdan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Galadriel" title="Galadriel">Galadriel</a>. Sauron attacked them. The Elves were saved by an army from <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmenor" title="Númenor">Númenor</a>, defeating Sauron. Sauron fortified Mordor and completed the Dark Tower of <a href="/wiki/Barad-d%C3%BBr" class="mw-redirect" title="Barad-dûr">Barad-dûr</a>. He distributed the Seven and the Nine Rings to lords of <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwarf (Middle-earth)">Dwarves</a> and Men. Dwarves would not submit, but he enslaved Men as the feared <a href="/wiki/Nazg%C3%BBl" title="Nazgûl">Nazgûl</a>. Orcs, <a href="/wiki/Troll_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Troll (Middle-earth)">Trolls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Easterling_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Easterling (Middle-earth)">Easterlings</a> and men of <a href="/wiki/Harad" title="Harad">Harad</a> became his servants.<sup id="cite_ref-Letter_183_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter_183-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Toward the end of the Second Age, Númenor sought to colonize Middle-earth. Led by Ar-Pharazôn, a massive army sailed to Middle-earth to battle Sauron. Dismayed by Númenor's might, Sauron surrendered, hoping to corrupt Númenor from within.<sup id="cite_ref-Letter_211_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter_211-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Letter_156_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter_156-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the One Ring, Sauron soon dominated the Númenóreans,<sup id="cite_ref-Letter_211_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter_211-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> undermining Númenor's religion, and inciting the island to worship Melkor with <a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice" title="Human sacrifice">human sacrifice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Letter_156_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter_156-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MR_pp395–398_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MR_pp395–398-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sauron convinced Ar-Pharazôn to attack <a href="/wiki/Aman_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aman (Middle-earth)">Aman</a> by sea to steal immortality from the Valar.<sup id="cite_ref-Letter_156_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter_156-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Letter_131_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter_131-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Valar appealed to Eru,<sup id="cite_ref-Letter_156_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter_156-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who <a href="/wiki/The_Silmarillion#Akallabêth" title="The Silmarillion">destroyed Númenor</a>. Sauron's body was destroyed and he lost the ability to appear beautiful.<sup id="cite_ref-Letter_211_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter_211-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Led by <a href="/wiki/Elendil" title="Elendil">Elendil</a>, nine ships escaped from <a href="/wiki/Akallabeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Akallabeth">the Downfall</a>; they founded the kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Gondor" title="Gondor">Gondor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arnor_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnor (Middle-earth)">Arnor</a> in Middle-earth. Sauron returned to Mordor and made war on these Exiles.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He captured Minas Ithil; Elendil's son <a href="/wiki/Isildur" title="Isildur">Isildur</a> escaped down the Anduin. <a href="/wiki/An%C3%A1rion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anárion">Anárion</a> defended <a href="/wiki/Osgiliath" class="mw-redirect" title="Osgiliath">Osgiliath</a> and drove Sauron's forces back to the mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-Of_the_Rings_of_Power_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Of_the_Rings_of_Power-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elendil, Isildur and Anárion formed the Last Alliance with the Elves and defeated Sauron at <a href="/wiki/Dagorlad" class="mw-redirect" title="Dagorlad">Dagorlad</a>. They invaded Mordor and besieged Barad-dûr for seven years. Finally, Sauron came out to fight face-to-face, killing Elendil and Gil-galad;<sup id="cite_ref-Letter_131_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter_131-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elendil's sword <a href="/wiki/List_of_Middle-earth_weapons_and_armour#Narsil" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Middle-earth weapons and armour">Narsil</a> broke beneath him. Isildur took up the hilt-shard and cut the One Ring from Sauron's hand, vanquishing Sauron. Isildur refused to destroy the Ring by casting it into Mount Doom, but kept it for his own.<sup id="cite_ref-Of_the_Rings_of_Power_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Of_the_Rings_of_Power-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Age">Third Age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauron&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Third Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></div> <p>Isildur was ambushed by Orcs at the <a href="/wiki/Gladden_Fields" class="mw-redirect" title="Gladden Fields">Gladden Fields</a>. Isildur put on the Ring and attempted to escape by swimming across <a href="/wiki/Anduin" class="mw-redirect" title="Anduin">Anduin</a>, but the Ring slipped from his finger. Isildur was killed by Orc archers. Sauron spent a thousand years as a shapeless evil.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sauron eventually reembodied. He concealed himself in <a href="/wiki/Mirkwood" title="Mirkwood">Mirkwood</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Necromancy" title="Necromancy">Necromancer</a>, in the stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Dol_Guldur" class="mw-redirect" title="Dol Guldur">Dol Guldur</a>, "Hill of Sorcery".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chief of the Nazgûl, the <a href="/wiki/Witch-king_of_Angmar" title="Witch-king of Angmar">Witch-king of Angmar</a>, destroyed the northern realm of Arnor. When attacked by Gondor, the Witch-king retreated to Mordor.<sup id="cite_ref-Of_the_Rings_of_Power_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Of_the_Rings_of_Power-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nazgûl captured Minas Ithil, renamed <a href="/wiki/Minas_Morgul" class="mw-redirect" title="Minas Morgul">Minas Morgul</a>, and seized its <i><a href="/wiki/Palant%C3%ADr" title="Palantír">palantír</a></i>, a seeing stone from Númenor.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/White_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="White Council">White Council</a> of Wizards discovered Sauron,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and drove him from Mirkwood. He returned to Mordor, openly declared himself, rebuilt Barad-dûr, and bred armies of large orcs, <a href="/wiki/Uruk-Hai" class="mw-redirect" title="Uruk-Hai">Uruks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The One Ring, lost in the Anduin, was found by the hobbit Sméagol. The Ring corrupted him. He shunned sunlight and took on the personality of <a href="/wiki/Gollum" title="Gollum">Gollum</a>. He retreated into caves, obsessed with the Ring, his "Precious". The Ring slipped from him and was picked up by <a href="/wiki/Bilbo_Baggins" title="Bilbo Baggins">Bilbo Baggins</a>. Gollum attempted to murder Bilbo and reclaim the Ring, but Bilbo escaped when the Ring slipped onto his finger. Many years later, Gandalf identified Bilbo's ring, now passed down to his cousin <a href="/wiki/Frodo_Baggins" title="Frodo Baggins">Frodo</a>, as Sauron's One Ring. He tasked Frodo with taking the Ring to Rivendell.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sauron tortured Gollum and discovered where the Ring was.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sauron sent the Nazgûl to pursue Frodo, but he escaped to <a href="/wiki/Rivendell" title="Rivendell">Rivendell</a>, where Elrond convened a council. It determined that the Ring should be destroyed in Mount Doom by the <a href="/wiki/Company_of_the_Ring" title="Company of the Ring">Company of the Ring</a>. <a href="/wiki/Saruman" title="Saruman">Saruman</a> attempted to capture the Ring, but he was defeated. The <i><a href="/wiki/Palant%C3%ADr" title="Palantír">palantír</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Orthanc" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthanc">Orthanc</a> fell into the hands of the Company; <a href="/wiki/Aragorn" title="Aragorn">Aragorn</a>, Isildur's descendant and heir to the throne of Gondor, used it to show himself to Sauron as if he held the Ring. Sauron, troubled, attacked Minas Tirith prematurely. His army was destroyed at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Pelennor_Fields" title="Battle of the Pelennor Fields">Battle of the Pelennor Fields</a>. Frodo entered Mordor through the pass of <a href="/wiki/Cirith_Ungol" class="mw-redirect" title="Cirith Ungol">Cirith Ungol</a>. Aragorn diverted Sauron's attention with an attack on the <a href="/wiki/Morannon" class="mw-redirect" title="Morannon">Black Gate</a> of Mordor.<sup id="cite_ref-RotK_last_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RotK_last-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frodo reached Mount Doom, but claimed the Ring for himself, revealing the Ring to Sauron. Gollum seized the Ring and fell into the Cracks of Doom, destroying it and himself. Sauron was utterly defeated, and vanished from Middle-earth.<sup id="cite_ref-RotK_last_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RotK_last-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appearance">Appearance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauron&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Appearance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_body">Physical body</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauron&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Physical body"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tolkien never described Sauron's appearance in detail, though he painted a watercolour illustration of him.<sup id="cite_ref-Hammond_Scull_1995_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hammond_Scull_1995-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sarah Crown, in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, wrote that "we're never ushered into his presence; we don't hear him speak. All we see is his influence".<sup id="cite_ref-Crown_2014_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crown_2014-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She called it "a bold move, to leave the book's central evil so undefined – an edgeless darkness given shape only through the actions of its subordinates",<sup id="cite_ref-Crown_2014_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crown_2014-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the result that he becomes "truly unforgettable ... vaster, bolder and more terrifying through his absence than he could ever have been through his presence".<sup id="cite_ref-Crown_2014_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crown_2014-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was initially able to change his appearance at will, but when he became Morgoth's servant, he took a sinister shape. In the First Age, the outlaw Gorlim was ensnared and brought into "the dreadful presence of Sauron", who had daunting eyes.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the battle with <a href="/wiki/Huan_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Huan (Middle-earth)">Huan</a>, the hound of Valinor, Sauron took the form of a werewolf. Then he assumed a serpent-like form, and finally changed back "from monster to his own accustomed [human-like] form".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He took on a beautiful appearance at the end of the First Age to charm <a href="/wiki/E%C3%B6nw%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eönwë">Eönwë</a>, near the beginning of the Second Age when appearing as Annatar to the Elves, and again near the end of the Second Age to corrupt the men of Númenor. He appeared then "as a man, or one in man's shape, but greater than any even of the race of Númenor in stature ... And it seemed to men that Sauron was great, though they feared the light of his eyes. To many he appeared fair, to others terrible; but to some evil."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the destruction of his fair form in the fall of Númenor, Sauron always took the shape of a terrible dark lord.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first incarnation after the Downfall of Númenor was hideous, "an image of malice and hatred made visible".<sup id="cite_ref-Akallabêth_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Akallabêth-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isildur recorded that Sauron's hand "was black, and yet burned like fire".<sup id="cite_ref-Council_of_Elrond_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Council_of_Elrond-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Eye_of_Sauron"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eye_of_Sauron">Eye of Sauron</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauron&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Eye of Sauron"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Mordor_SVG.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Mordor_SVG.svg/250px-Flag_of_Mordor_SVG.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Mordor_SVG.svg/330px-Flag_of_Mordor_SVG.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Mordor_SVG.svg/500px-Flag_of_Mordor_SVG.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>A flag displaying the Red Eye of Sauron, based on a design by Tolkien that was used on the cover of the first edition of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a></i> in 1954</figcaption></figure> <p>Throughout <i>The Lord of the Rings</i>, "the Eye" (known by other names, including the Red Eye, the Evil Eye, the Lidless Eye, the Great Eye) is the image most often associated with Sauron. Sauron's Orcs bore the symbol of the Eye on their helmets and shields, and referred to him as the "Eye" because he did not allow his name to be written or spoken, according to Aragorn.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Nazg%C3%BBl" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of the Nazgûl">Lord of the Nazgûl</a> threatened <a href="/wiki/%C3%89owyn" title="Éowyn">Éowyn</a> with torture before the "Lidless Eye" at the Battle of the Pelennor Fields.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frodo had a vision of the Eye in the Mirror of Galadriel:<sup id="cite_ref-Mirror_of_Galadriel_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mirror_of_Galadriel-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Eye was rimmed with fire, but was itself glazed, yellow as a cat's, watchful and intent, and the black slit of its pupil opened on a pit, a window into nothing.<sup id="cite_ref-Mirror_of_Galadriel_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mirror_of_Galadriel-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Later, Tolkien writes as if Frodo and Sam really glimpse the Eye directly. The mists surrounding Barad-dûr are briefly withdrawn, and: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>one moment only it stared out ... as from some great window immeasurably high there stabbed northward a flame of red, the flicker of a piercing Eye ... The Eye was not turned on them, it was gazing north ... but Frodo at that dreadful glimpse fell as one stricken mortally.<sup id="cite_ref-Mount_Doom_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mount_Doom-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>This raises the question of whether an "Eye" was Sauron's actual manifestation, or whether he had a body beyond the Eye.<sup id="cite_ref-sd38_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd38-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gollum (who was tortured by Sauron in person) tells Frodo that Sauron has, at least, a "Black Hand" with four fingers.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The missing finger was cut off when <a href="/wiki/Isildur" title="Isildur">Isildur</a> took the Ring, and the finger was still missing when Sauron reappeared centuries later. Tolkien writes in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Silmarillion" title="The Silmarillion">The Silmarillion</a></i> that "the Eye of Sauron the Terrible few could endure" even <i>before</i> his body was lost in the War of the Last Alliance.<sup id="cite_ref-Akallabêth_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Akallabêth-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the draft text of the climactic moments of <i>The Lord of the Rings</i>, "the Eye" stands for Sauron's very person, with emotions and thoughts:<sup id="cite_ref-sd38_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd38-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Dark Lord was suddenly aware of him [Frodo], the Eye piercing all shadows ... Its wrath blazed like a sudden flame and its fear was like a great black smoke, for it knew its deadly peril, the thread upon which hung its doom ... [I]ts thought was now bent with all its overwhelming force upon the Mountain..."<sup id="cite_ref-sd38_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd38-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tolkien" title="Christopher Tolkien">Christopher Tolkien</a> comments: "The passage is notable in showing the degree to which my father had come to identify the Eye of Barad-dûr with the mind and will of Sauron, so that he could speak of 'its wrath, its fear, its thought'. In the second text ... he shifted from 'its' to 'his' as he wrote out the passage anew."<sup id="cite_ref-sd38_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd38-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concept_and_creation">Concept and creation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauron&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Concept and creation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the earliest versions of the Silmarillion <a href="/wiki/Legendarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Legendarium">legendarium</a>, as detailed in the <i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Middle-earth" title="The History of Middle-earth">History of Middle-earth</a></i> series, Sauron underwent many changes. The prototype or precursor Sauron-figure was a giant monstrous cat, the Prince of Cats. Called <i>Tevildo</i>, <i>Tifil</i> and <i>Tiberth</i> among other names, this character played the role later taken by Sauron in the earliest version of the story of Beren and Tinúviel in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Lost_Tales" title="The Book of Lost Tales">The Book of Lost Tales</a></i> in 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Prince of Cats was later replaced by <i>Thû</i>, the Necromancer. The name was then changed to <i>Gorthû</i>, <i>Sûr</i>, and finally to Sauron. <i>Gorthû</i>, in the form <i>Gorthaur,</i> remained in <i>The Silmarillion</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-Valaquenta_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valaquenta-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both <i>Thû</i> and <i>Sauron</i> name the character in the 1925 <i><a href="/wiki/Lay_of_Leithian" class="mw-redirect" title="Lay of Leithian">Lay of Leithian</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The story of <a href="/wiki/Beren_and_L%C3%BAthien" title="Beren and Lúthien">Beren and Lúthien</a> also features the heroic hound Huan and involved the subtext of cats versus dogs in its earliest form. Later the cats were changed to wolves or werewolves, with Sauron becoming the Lord of Werewolves.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the 1977 publication of <i>The Silmarillion</i>, Sauron's origins and true identity were unclear to those without access to Tolkien's notes. In 1968, the poet <a href="/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. H. Auden">W. H. Auden</a> conjectured that Sauron might have been one of the Valar.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis">Analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauron&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wholly_evil_will">Wholly evil will</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauron&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Wholly evil will"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tolkien stated in his <i><a href="/wiki/The_Letters_of_J._R._R._Tolkien" title="The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien">Letters</a></i> that although he did not think "Absolute Evil" could exist as it would be "Zero", "in my story Sauron represents as near an approach to the <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Middle-earth#The_nature_of_evil" title="Christianity in Middle-earth">wholly evil will as is possible</a>." He explained that, like "all tyrants", Sauron had started out with good intentions but was corrupted by power, and that he "went further than human tyrants in pride and the lust for domination", being in origin an immortal (angelic) spirit. He began as Morgoth's servant; became his representative, in his absence in the Second Age; and at the end of the Third Age actually claimed to be 'Morgoth returned<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classically_reptilian">Classically reptilian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauron&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Classically reptilian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The classicist J. K. Newman comments that "Sauron's Greek name" makes him "the Lizard", from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a> <i> </i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%83%CE%B1%E1%BF%A6%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:σαῦρος">σαῦρος</a><i> (sauros)</i> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">lizard or reptile</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>, and that in turn places Frodo (whose quest destroys Sauron) as "a version of <a href="/wiki/Praxiteles" title="Praxiteles">Praxiteles</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Sauroktonos" title="Apollo Sauroktonos">Apollo Sauroktonos</a></i>", <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> the Lizard-killer.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Destructive_Dracula-figure">Destructive Dracula-figure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauron&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Destructive Dracula-figure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gwenyth Hood, writing in <i><a href="/wiki/Mythlore" title="Mythlore">Mythlore</a></i>, compares Sauron to <a href="/wiki/Count_Dracula" title="Count Dracula">Count Dracula</a> from <a href="/wiki/Bram_Stoker" title="Bram Stoker">Bram Stoker</a>'s 1897 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Dracula" title="Dracula">Dracula</a></i>. In her view, both of these monstrous antagonists seek to destroy, are linked to powers of darkness, are parasitical on created life, and are <a href="/wiki/Undead" title="Undead">undead</a>. Both control others psychologically and have "hypnotic eyes". Control by either of them represents "high spiritual terror" as it is a sort of "<a href="/wiki/Damnation" title="Damnation">damnation</a>-on-earth".<sup id="cite_ref-Hood_1987_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hood_1987-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Celtic_Balor_of_the_Evil_Eye">Celtic Balor of the Evil Eye</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauron&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Celtic Balor of the Evil Eye"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Celtic_influences_on_Tolkien" title="Celtic influences on Tolkien">Celtic influences on Tolkien</a></div> <p>Edward Lense, also writing in <i>Mythlore</i>, identifies a figure from <a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic mythology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balor_of_the_Evil_Eye" class="mw-redirect" title="Balor of the Evil Eye">Balor of the Evil Eye</a>, as a possible source for the Eye of Sauron. Balor's evil eye, in the middle of his forehead, was able to overcome a whole army. He was a leader of the supernatural <a href="/wiki/Fomorians" title="Fomorians">Fomorians</a>. Lense further compares Mordor to "a Celtic <a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">hell</a>", just as the Undying Lands of Aman resemble the Celtic <a href="/wiki/Earthly_Paradise" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthly Paradise">Earthly Paradise</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADr_na_n%C3%93g" title="Tír na nÓg">Tír na nÓg</a></i> in the furthest (Atlantic) West; and Balor "ruled the dead from a tower of glass".<sup id="cite_ref-Lense1976_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lense1976-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antagonist">Antagonist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauron&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Antagonist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Tolkien scholar <a href="/wiki/Verlyn_Flieger" title="Verlyn Flieger">Verlyn Flieger</a> writes that if there was an opposite to Sauron in <i>The Lord of the Rings</i>, it would not be Aragorn, his political opponent, nor Gandalf, his spiritual enemy, but <a href="/wiki/Tom_Bombadil" title="Tom Bombadil">Tom Bombadil</a>, the earthly Master who is entirely free of the desire to dominate and hence cannot be dominated.<sup id="cite_ref-Flieger_2011_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flieger_2011-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;" class="wikitable"> <caption>Sauron's opposite, as analysed by Verlyn Flieger<sup id="cite_ref-Flieger_2011_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flieger_2011-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width: 100px;"> </th> <th style="width: 150px;">Sauron </th> <th style="width: 275px;">Tom Bombadil </th></tr> <tr> <th>Role </th> <td>Antagonist</td> <td>Earthly counterpart </td></tr> <tr> <th>Title </th> <td>Dark Lord</td> <td>"Master" </td></tr> <tr> <th>Purpose </th> <td>Domination of whole of <a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">Middle-earth</a></td> <td>Care for <a href="/wiki/The_Old_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="The Old Forest">The Old Forest</a> "No hidden agenda, no covert desire or plan of operation" </td></tr> <tr> <th>Effect of the One Ring </th> <td>"Power over other wills"</td> <td>No effect on him "as he is not human", nor does it make others invisible to him, or him to others </td></tr> <tr> <th>How he sees the Ring </th> <td>Means of domination</td> <td>Looks right through it, his "blue eye peering through the circle of the Ring" </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauron&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sauron.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3a/Sauron.jpg/290px-Sauron.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3a/Sauron.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="199" /></a><figcaption>Sauron, portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Sala_Baker" title="Sala Baker">Sala Baker</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-BFI_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BFI-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In film versions of <i>The Lord of the Rings</i>, Sauron has been left off-screen as "an invisible and unvisualizable antagonist"<sup id="cite_ref-Langford_2013_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Langford_2013-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as in <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bakshi" title="Ralph Bakshi">Ralph Bakshi</a>'s 1978 <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(1978_film)" title="The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)">animated version</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Langford_2013_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Langford_2013-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or as a disembodied Eye, as in <a href="/wiki/Rankin/Bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Rankin/Bass">Rankin/Bass</a>'s 1980 animated adaptation of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King_(1980_film)" title="The Return of the King (1980 film)">The Return of the King</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2001–2003 <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (film series)">film trilogy</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a>, Sauron is voiced by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Howard_(actor)" title="Alan Howard (actor)">Alan Howard</a>. He is briefly shown as a large humanoid figure clad in spiky black armour, portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Sala_Baker" title="Sala Baker">Sala Baker</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BFI_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BFI-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but appears only as the disembodied Eye throughout the rest of the storyline.<sup id="cite_ref-MOTG_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOTG-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In earlier versions of Jackson's script, Sauron does battle with Aragorn, as shown in the extended DVD version of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King</a></i>. The scene was removed as too large a departure from Tolkien's text and was replaced with Aragorn fighting a troll.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sauron appears as the Necromancer in Jackson's <a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(film_series)" title="The Hobbit (film series)"><i>The Hobbit</i> film adaptations</a>, where he is voiced by <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Cumberbatch" title="Benedict Cumberbatch">Benedict Cumberbatch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sauron appears in the form of his eye in the 2017 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lego_Batman_Movie" title="The Lego Batman Movie">The Lego Batman Movie</a></i> voiced by <a href="/wiki/Jemaine_Clement" title="Jemaine Clement">Jemaine Clement</a>. He is one of the many classic villains the <a href="/wiki/Joker_(character)" title="Joker (character)">Joker</a> frees from the <a href="/wiki/Phantom_Zone" title="Phantom Zone">Phantom Zone</a> to run amok in <a href="/wiki/Gotham_City" title="Gotham City">Gotham City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sauron appears in the merchandise of the Jackson films, including computer and video games. These include <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Battle_for_Middle-earth_II" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II">The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II</a></i> (where he was voiced by <a href="/wiki/Fred_Tatasciore" title="Fred Tatasciore">Fred Tatasciore</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Tactics" title="The Lord of the Rings: Tactics">The Lord of the Rings: Tactics</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Third_Age" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age">The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Rings_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of the Rings Online">Lord of the Rings Online</a></i> game, he is featured as an enemy.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sauron's rise to power in the Second Age is portrayed in the Amazon prequel series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Rings_of_Power" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power">The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He first appears disguised as the non-canonical human character Halbrand,<sup id="cite_ref-Hibberd_2022_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hibberd_2022-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then in the second season as Annatar (a canonical alias of Sauron), both played by <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Vickers" title="Charlie Vickers">Charlie Vickers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ROP_S2_ref_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ROP_S2_ref-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Halbrand persona was conceived to make the audience share the feeling of being deceived by Sauron, and to ensure he would not overshadow other characters. Afterwards, he would be allowed to function like other classic TV villains (such as <a href="/wiki/Walter_White_(Breaking_Bad)" title="Walter White (Breaking Bad)">Walter White</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tony_Soprano" title="Tony Soprano">Tony Soprano</a>), or <a href="/wiki/Lucifer" title="Lucifer">Lucifer</a> in <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vickers said he was unaware of his character's true identity until filming <a href="/wiki/Adar_(The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Rings_of_Power)" title="Adar (The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power)">the third episode</a>. He admitted he began to suspect when lines from <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a></i>, a narrative poem about the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">biblical</a> story of the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_man" title="Fall of man">fall of man</a>, were used during an audition.<sup id="cite_ref-Hibberd_2022_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hibberd_2022-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lowden" title="Jack Lowden">Jack Lowden</a> portrays the character's First Age and early Second Age form in flashback in the <a href="/wiki/Elven_Kings_Under_the_Sky" title="Elven Kings Under the Sky">second season premiere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ROP_S2_ref_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ROP_S2_ref-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The depiction of <a href="/wiki/Evil_in_Middle-earth" title="Evil in Middle-earth">evil in Arda</a> as embodied in Sauron shifts both in Tolkien's writings and in the Amazon series. The prequel adopts Tolkien's use of both Augustinian and Manichean attitudes to evil.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_culture">In culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauron&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: In culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_J._R._R._Tolkien_and_his_works" title="List of things named after J. R. R. Tolkien and his works">List of things named after J. R. R. Tolkien and his works</a></div> <p>The Eye of Sauron is mentioned in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Stand" title="The Stand">The Stand</a></i>, a 1978 <a href="/wiki/Post-apocalyptic" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-apocalyptic">post-apocalyptic</a> novel written by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a>. The villain <a href="/wiki/Randall_Flagg" title="Randall Flagg">Randall Flagg</a> possesses an <a href="/wiki/Astral_body" title="Astral body">astral body</a> in the form of an "Eye" akin to the Lidless Eye. The novel itself was conceived by King as a "fantasy epic like <i>The Lord of the Rings</i>, only with an American setting".<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The idea of Sauron as a sleepless eye that watches and seeks the protagonists also influenced King's epic fantasy series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Tower_(series)" title="The Dark Tower (series)">The Dark Tower</a></i>; its villain, the <a href="/wiki/Crimson_King" title="Crimson King">Crimson King</a>, is a similarly disembodied evil presence whose icon is also an eye.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics_Universe" class="mw-redirect" title="Marvel Comics Universe">Marvel Comics Universe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Supervillain" title="Supervillain">supervillain</a> <a href="/wiki/Sauron_(comics)" title="Sauron (comics)">Sauron</a>, an enemy of the <a href="/wiki/X-Men" title="X-Men">X-Men</a> created in 1969, names himself after the Tolkien character.<sup id="cite_ref-X-Men'_1969_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-X-Men'_1969-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the comic series <i><a href="/wiki/Fables_(comics)" title="Fables (comics)">Fables</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Willingham" title="Bill Willingham">Bill Willingham</a>, one character is called "The Adversary", an ambiguous figure of immense evil and power believed to be responsible for much of the misfortune in the Fables' overall history. Willingham has stated "The Adversary", in name and in character, was inspired by Sauron.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauron&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This is made clear in the chapter "<a href="/wiki/The_Council_of_Elrond" title="The Council of Elrond">The Council of Elrond</a>", where Glorfindel states that "soon or late the Lord of the Rings would learn of its hiding place and would bend all his power towards it".<sup id="cite_ref-Council_of_Elrond_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Council_of_Elrond-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This conflicts with earlier versions of the story, in which Orcs existed before the wakening of the Elves, as in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Gondolin" title="The Fall of Gondolin">The Fall of Gondolin</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A notable exception was Sauron's emissary, the <a href="/wiki/Mouth_of_Sauron" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouth of Sauron">Mouth of Sauron</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauron&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary">Primary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauron&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Primary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 28em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hammond_Scull_1995-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hammond_Scull_1995_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hammond_Scull_1995_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHammondScull1995">Hammond & Scull 1995</a>, pp. 152ff</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, "Note on Pronunciation": "The first syllable of <i>Sauron</i> is like English <i>sour</i>, not <i>sore</i>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Council_of_Elrond-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Council_of_Elrond_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Council_of_Elrond_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Council_of_Elrond_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1954a">Tolkien 1954a</a>, book 2, ch. 2 "<a href="/wiki/The_Council_of_Elrond" title="The Council of Elrond">The Council of Elrond</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Letter_156-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Letter_156_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Letter_156_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Letter_156_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Letter_156_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Letter_156_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Letter_156_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarpenter2023">Carpenter 2023</a>, #156 to Robert Murray, S.J., 4 November 1954</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Letter_183-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Letter_183_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Letter_183_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Letter_183_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Letter_183_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Letter_183_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarpenter2023">Carpenter 2023</a>, #183, notes on <a href="/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. H. Auden">W. H. Auden</a>'s review of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MR_pp395–398-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MR_pp395–398_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MR_pp395–398_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MR_pp395–398_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MR_pp395–398_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MR_pp395–398_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1993">Tolkien 1993</a>, pp. 395–398</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The story of the Song of Creation was presented by the <a href="/wiki/Vala_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vala (Middle-earth)">Valar</a> "according to our modes of thought and our imagination of the visible world, in symbols that were intelligible to us". <a href="#CITEREFTolkien1994">Tolkien 1994</a>, p. 407</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Ainulindal%C3%AB" title="Ainulindalë">Ainulindalë</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1996">Tolkien 1996</a>, p. 413</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MR_52-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MR_52_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MR_52_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1993">Tolkien 1993</a>, p. 52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Valaquenta-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Valaquenta_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Valaquenta_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Valaquenta_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Valaquenta" class="mw-redirect" title="Valaquenta">Valaquenta</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Parma_Eldalamberon" class="mw-redirect" title="Parma Eldalamberon">Parma Eldalamberon</a></i> #17, 2007, p. 183</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Of_the_Rings_of_Power-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Of_the_Rings_of_Power_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Of_the_Rings_of_Power_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Of_the_Rings_of_Power_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Of_the_Rings_of_Power_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Of_the_Rings_of_Power_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Letter_131-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Letter_131_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Letter_131_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Letter_131_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Letter_131_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Letter_131_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarpenter2023">Carpenter 2023</a>, #131 to Milton Waldman, late 1951</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1955">Tolkien 1955</a>, p. 239</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MR_420–421-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MR_420–421_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MR_420–421_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MR_420–421_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1993">Tolkien 1993</a>, pp. 420–421</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, ch. 3 "Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien2018">Tolkien 2018</a>, p. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-v333-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-v333_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1987">Tolkien 1987</a>, p. 333</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-letters190-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-letters190_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarpenter2023">Carpenter 2023</a>, #153 to Peter Hastings (draft)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Letter_211-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Letter_211_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Letter_211_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Letter_211_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarpenter2023">Carpenter 2023</a>, #211 to Rhona Beare, 14 October 1958</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1955">Tolkien 1955</a>, Appendices</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1980">Tolkien 1980</a>, "The disaster of the Gladden Fields", p. 275</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1955">Tolkien 1955</a>, Appendix B, "The Tale of Years", "The Third Age"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1980">Tolkien 1980</a>, part 4, ch 3 "The Palantíri"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1954a">Tolkien 1954a</a>, book 2, ch. 2 "<a href="/wiki/The_Council_of_Elrond" title="The Council of Elrond">The Council of Elrond</a>", and Appendix B.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1955">Tolkien 1955</a>, Appendix A, "The Stewards": "In the last years of Denethor I the race of Uruks, black orcs of great strength, first appeared out of Mordor." (Denethor I died in TA 2477.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1954a">Tolkien 1954a</a>, book 1, ch. 2 "<a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_of_the_Past" title="The Shadow of the Past">The Shadow of the Past</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1954a">Tolkien 1954a</a>, book 1, ch. 2 "<a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_of_the_Past" title="The Shadow of the Past">The Shadow of the Past</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RotK_last-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RotK_last_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RotK_last_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1955">Tolkien 1955</a>, book 5, ch. 9 "The Last Debate"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, ch. 19, "Of Beren and Luthien"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, ch. 20 "Of the Fifth Battle: Nirnaeth Arnoediad"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1987">Tolkien 1987</a>, p. 67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarpenter2023">Carpenter 2023</a>, #246 to Eileen Elgar, September 1963</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Akallabêth-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Akallabêth_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Akallabêth_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akallab%C3%AAth" class="mw-redirect" title="Akallabêth">Akallabêth</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1954">Tolkien 1954</a>, book 3, ch. 5 "The Departure of Boromir"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1954">Tolkien 1954</a>, book 5, ch. 6 "The Battle of the Pelennor Fields"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mirror_of_Galadriel-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mirror_of_Galadriel_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mirror_of_Galadriel_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1954a">Tolkien 1954a</a>, book 2, ch. 7 "The Mirror of Galadriel"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mount_Doom-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mount_Doom_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1955">Tolkien 1955</a>, book 6, ch. 3 "Mount Doom"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sd38-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sd38_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sd38_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sd38_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sd38_45-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1992">Tolkien 1992</a>, part 1, ch. 4 "Mount Doom"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1954">Tolkien 1954</a>, book 4, ch. 3 "The Black Gate is Closed"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1984b">Tolkien 1984b</a>, Part Two, "The Tale of Tinúviel"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1984">Tolkien 1984</a>, "The Lay of Leithian"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien1977">Tolkien 1977</a>, ch. 18 "Of the Ruin of Beleriand and the Fall of Fingolfin"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarpenter2023">Carpenter 2023</a>, #183 notes on <a href="/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. H. Auden">W. H. Auden</a>'s review of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a></i></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary">Secondary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauron&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Secondary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 28em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMonroe" class="citation web cs1">Monroe, Caroline. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://greenbooks.theonering.net/guest/files/050102.html">"How much was Rowling inspired by Tolkien?"</a>. GreenBooks, <a href="/wiki/TheOneRing.net" class="mw-redirect" title="TheOneRing.net">TheOneRing.net</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190914023536/http://greenbooks.theonering.net/guest/files/050102.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+much+was+Rowling+inspired+by+Tolkien%3F&rft.pub=GreenBooks%2C+TheOneRing.net&rft.aulast=Monroe&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgreenbooks.theonering.net%2Fguest%2Ffiles%2F050102.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crown_2014-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crown_2014_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crown_2014_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crown_2014_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrown2014" class="citation news cs1">Crown, Sarah (27 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/oct/27/baddies-in-books-sauron-literatures-ultimate-source-of-evil">"Baddies in books: Sauron, literature's ultimate source of evil"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201028060905/https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/oct/27/baddies-in-books-sauron-literatures-ultimate-source-of-evil">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Baddies+in+books%3A+Sauron%2C+literature%27s+ultimate+source+of+evil&rft.date=2014-10-27&rft.aulast=Crown&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2Fbooksblog%2F2014%2Foct%2F27%2Fbaddies-in-books-sauron-literatures-ultimate-source-of-evil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAuden1968" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. H. Auden">Auden, W. H.</a> (June 1968). "Good and Evil in <i>The Lord of the Rings</i>". <i><a href="/wiki/Critical_Quarterly" title="Critical Quarterly">Critical Quarterly</a></i>. <b>10</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>2): <span class="nowrap">138–</span>142. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8705.1968.tb02218.x">10.1111/j.1467-8705.1968.tb02218.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Good+and+Evil+in+The+Lord+of+the+Rings&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E138-%3C%2Fspan%3E142&rft.date=1968-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-8705.1968.tb02218.x&rft.aulast=Auden&rft.aufirst=W.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNewman2005" class="citation journal cs1">Newman, J. 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Tolkien's 'The Lord of the Rings': A Classical Perspective". <i>Illinois Classical Studies</i>. <b>30</b>: <span class="nowrap">229–</span>247. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23065305">23065305</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Illinois+Classical+Studies&rft.atitle=J.R.R.+Tolkien%27s+%27The+Lord+of+the+Rings%27%3A+A+Classical+Perspective&rft.volume=30&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E229-%3C%2Fspan%3E247&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23065305%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=J.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hood_1987-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hood_1987_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHood1987" class="citation journal cs1">Hood, Gwenyth (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol14/iss2/2/">"Sauron and Dracula"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mythlore" title="Mythlore">Mythlore</a></i>. <b>14</b> (2 (52)): <span class="nowrap">11–</span>17, 56. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200919185156/https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol14/iss2/2/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-09-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mythlore&rft.atitle=Sauron+and+Dracula&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2+%2852%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E11-%3C%2Fspan%3E17%2C+56&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Hood&rft.aufirst=Gwenyth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdc.swosu.edu%2Fmythlore%2Fvol14%2Fiss2%2F2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lense1976-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lense1976_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLense1976" class="citation journal cs1">Lense, Edward (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol4/iss1/1/">"Sauron and Dracula"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mythlore" title="Mythlore">Mythlore</a></i>. <b>4</b> (1). article 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200918170825/https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol4/iss1/1/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-09-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mythlore&rft.atitle=Sauron+and+Dracula&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=article+1&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Lense&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdc.swosu.edu%2Fmythlore%2Fvol4%2Fiss1%2F1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flieger_2011-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Flieger_2011_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flieger_2011_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFlieger2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Verlyn_Flieger" title="Verlyn Flieger">Flieger, Verlyn</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jNjKrXRP0G8C&pg=PA244">"Sometimes One Word is Worth a Thousand Pictures"</a>. In Bogstad, Janice M.; Kaveny, Philip E. (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Picturing_Tolkien" title="Picturing Tolkien">Picturing Tolkien</a></i>. Jefferson, North Carolina: <a href="/wiki/McFarland_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="McFarland (publisher)">McFarland</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">50–</span>51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8473-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8473-7"><bdi>978-0-7864-8473-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200921142641/https://books.google.com/books?id=jNjKrXRP0G8C&pg=PA244">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-09-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sometimes+One+Word+is+Worth+a+Thousand+Pictures&rft.btitle=Picturing+Tolkien&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E50-%3C%2Fspan%3E51&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-8473-7&rft.aulast=Flieger&rft.aufirst=Verlyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjNjKrXRP0G8C%26pg%3DPA244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BFI-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BFI_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BFI_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201203145133/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bcac0937e">"Sala Baker"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a>. 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Drout">Drout, Michael D. C.</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia">J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia</a></i>. Abingdon, England: <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-96942-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-96942-0"><bdi>978-0-415-96942-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200802072541/https://books.google.com/books?id=B0loOBA3ejIC&pg=PA48">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-08-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bakshi%2C+Ralph+%281938%E2%80%93%29&rft.btitle=J.R.R.+Tolkien+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+England&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-415-96942-0&rft.aulast=Langford&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB0loOBA3ejIC%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cedmagic.com/featured/tolkien/rotk-2-3400-eye-sauron.html">"The Eye of Sauron – J.R.R. Tolkien's <i>The Return of the King</i>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170601224634/http://www.cedmagic.com/featured/tolkien/rotk-2-3400-eye-sauron.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-06-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Eye+of+Sauron+%E2%80%93+J.R.R.+Tolkien%27s+The+Return+of+the+King&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cedmagic.com%2Ffeatured%2Ftolkien%2Frotk-2-3400-eye-sauron.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVejvoda2020" class="citation web cs1">Vejvoda, Jim (31 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/articles/lord-of-the-rings-series-sauron-galadriel-elrond">"Lord of the Rings: Amazon Series Reportedly Includes Sauron, Galadriel, and Elrond"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2022</span>. <q>The villainous Sauron was played in humanoid form by Sala Baker, while Alan Howard voiced the antagonist in The Lord of the Rings</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+Amazon+Series+Reportedly+Includes+Sauron%2C+Galadriel%2C+and+Elrond&rft.pub=IGN&rft.date=2020-07-31&rft.aulast=Vejvoda&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2Flord-of-the-rings-series-sauron-galadriel-elrond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MOTG-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MOTG_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarl2007" class="citation journal cs1">Harl, Allison (Spring–Summer 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol25/iss3/7">"The monstrosity of the gaze: critical problems with a film adaptation of The Lord of the Rings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mythlore" title="Mythlore">Mythlore</a></i>. <b>25</b> (3). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200919191226/https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol25/iss3/7/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mythlore&rft.atitle=The+monstrosity+of+the+gaze%3A+critical+problems+with+a+film+adaptation+of+The+Lord+of+the+Rings&rft.chron=spring%E2%80%93summer&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Harl&rft.aufirst=Allison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdc.swosu.edu%2Fmythlore%2Fvol25%2Fiss3%2F7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStauffer2017" class="citation web cs1">Stauffer, Derek (10 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://screenrant.com/lord-of-the-rings-best-deleted-scenes-extended-edition/">"Lord Of The Rings: 15 Deleted Scenes You Won't Believe Were Cut"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Screen_Rant" title="Screen Rant">Screen Rant</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190806035624/https://screenrant.com/lord-of-the-rings-best-deleted-scenes-extended-edition/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Screen+Rant&rft.atitle=Lord+Of+The+Rings%3A+15+Deleted+Scenes+You+Won%27t+Believe+Were+Cut&rft.date=2017-08-10&rft.aulast=Stauffer&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscreenrant.com%2Flord-of-the-rings-best-deleted-scenes-extended-edition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChild2012" class="citation news cs1">Child, Ben (6 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2012/jan/06/the-hobbit-peter-jackson-ending">"Hobbit forming: will Peter Jackson give Tolkien's story a new ending?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111173337/http://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2012/jan/06/the-hobbit-peter-jackson-ending">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+9+Most+Surprising+Cameos+in+%27Lego+Batman%27&rft.date=2017-02-10&rft.aulast=Busch&rft.aufirst=Caitlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inverse.com%2Farticle%2F27676-lego-batman-villains-voldemort-sauron-godzilla-king-kong-daleks-jaws%2Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBusch2017" class="citation web cs1">Busch, Caitlin (February 10, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inverse.com/article/27707-lego-batman-voldemort-sauron-daleks-harry-potter-lord-of-the-rings-doctor-who/amp">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'LEGO Batman' Crosses over with 'Harry Potter,' 'Doctor Who,' and 'Lord of the Rings'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029063449/https://www.inverse.com/article/27707-lego-batman-voldemort-sauron-daleks-harry-potter-lord-of-the-rings-doctor-who/amp">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27LEGO+Batman%27+Crosses+over+with+%27Harry+Potter%2C%27+%27Doctor+Who%2C%27+and+%27Lord+of+the+Rings%27&rft.date=2017-02-10&rft.aulast=Busch&rft.aufirst=Caitlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inverse.com%2Farticle%2F27707-lego-batman-voldemort-sauron-daleks-harry-potter-lord-of-the-rings-doctor-who%2Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPower2020" class="citation news cs1">Power, Ed (17 January 2020). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/authors/battle-middle-earth-christopher-tolkien-fought-peter-jackson/">"The battle of Middle Earth: how Christopher Tolkien fought Peter Jackson over The Lord of the Rings"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/authors/battle-middle-earth-christopher-tolkien-fought-peter-jackson/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=%27The+Rings+of+Power%27+Finale%3A+Even+Sauron+Actor+Didn%27t+Know+He+Was+Sauron+at+First&rft.date=2022-10-13&rft.aulast=Hibberd&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Ftv%2Ftv-news%2Frings-of-power-finale-sauron-actor-interview-1235240895%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ROP_S2_ref-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ROP_S2_ref_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ROP_S2_ref_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDockterman2024" class="citation magazine cs1">Dockterman, Eliana (29 August 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/7010955/the-rings-of-power-sauron-true-form/">"Why Sauron Can Change Form on <i>The Rings of Power</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time magazine</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time+magazine&rft.atitle=Why+Sauron+Can+Change+Form+on+The+Rings+of+Power&rft.date=2024-08-29&rft.aulast=Dockterman&rft.aufirst=Eliana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F7010955%2Fthe-rings-of-power-sauron-true-form%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHibberd2022" class="citation news cs1">Hibberd, James (13 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/rings-of-power-sauron-season-2-lotr-1235240809/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The Rings of Power' Showrunners: Sauron Will Be Like Walter White in Season 2"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=%27The+Rings+of+Power%27+Showrunners%3A+Sauron+Will+Be+Like+Walter+White+in+Season+2&rft.date=2022-10-13&rft.aulast=Hibberd&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Ftv%2Ftv-news%2Frings-of-power-sauron-season-2-lotr-1235240809%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWaltherLarsen2024" class="citation journal cs1">Walther, Bo Kampmann; Larsen, Lasse Juel (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open.lnu.se/index.php/hn/article/view/4305/3796">"Beyond the Fantasy of Orcs: Orcish Transformation in Amazon's The Rings of Power"</a>. <i>HumaNetten</i> (52 (Spring 2024)): <span class="nowrap">92–</span>109. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15626%2Fhn.20245209">10.15626/hn.20245209</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HumaNetten&rft.atitle=Beyond+the+Fantasy+of+Orcs%3A+Orcish+Transformation+in+Amazon%27s+The+Rings+of+Power&rft.issue=52+%28Spring+2024%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E92-%3C%2Fspan%3E109&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15626%2Fhn.20245209&rft.aulast=Walther&rft.aufirst=Bo+Kampmann&rft.au=Larsen%2C+Lasse+Juel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.lnu.se%2Findex.php%2Fhn%2Farticle%2Fview%2F4305%2F3796&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKing1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">King, Stephen</a> (1978). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stand00step_1"><i>The Stand: The Complete & Uncut Edition</i></a></span>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-12168-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-12168-2"><bdi>978-0-385-12168-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Stand%3A+The+Complete+%26+Uncut+Edition&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-385-12168-2&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstand00step_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMagistrale2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Magistrale" title="Tony Magistrale">Magistrale, Tony</a> (21 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=neqOJbFjVvEC&pg=PA40"><i>Stephen King: America's Storyteller</i></a>. Santa Barbara, California: <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Praeger</a>. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0313352287" title="Special:BookSources/978-0313352287"><bdi>978-0313352287</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029063451/https://books.google.com/books?id=neqOJbFjVvEC&pg=PA40">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stephen+King%3A+America%27s+Storyteller&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2009-12-21&rft.isbn=978-0313352287&rft.aulast=Magistrale&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DneqOJbFjVvEC%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-X-Men'_1969-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-X-Men'_1969_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Thomas" title="Roy Thomas">Roy Thomas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Script_(comics)" title="Script (comics)">w</a>), <a href="/wiki/Neal_Adams" title="Neal Adams">Neal Adams</a> (<a href="/wiki/Penciller" title="Penciller">p</a>), <a href="/wiki/Tom_Palmer_(comics)" title="Tom Palmer (comics)">Tom Palmer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Inker" title="Inker">i</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sam_Rosen_(comics)" title="Sam Rosen (comics)">Sam Rosen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Letterer" title="Letterer">let</a>), <a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a> (<a href="/wiki/Editing" title="Editing">ed</a>). "In the Shadow of...Sauron!" <i><a href="/wiki/Uncanny_X-Men" title="Uncanny X-Men">The X-Men</a></i>, vol. 1, no. 60 (September 1969). New York City: <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel Comics</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Shea2003" class="citation web cs1">O'Shea, Tom (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050429103441/http://www.orcafresh.net/interview/in020503.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"This is a Wonderful Job": An Orca Q&A with Fables' Bill Willingham"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orcafresh.net/interview/in020503.html">the original</a> on 29 April 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22This+is+a+Wonderful+Job%22%3A+An+Orca+Q%26A+with+Fables%27+Bill+Willingham&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=O%27Shea&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orcafresh.net%2Finterview%2Fin020503.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span> Interview with Bill Willingham</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauron&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Carpenter" title="Humphrey Carpenter">Carpenter, Humphrey</a>, ed. (2023) [1981]. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Letters_of_J._R._R._Tolkien" title="The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien">The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien</a>: Revised and Expanded Edition</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Harper_Collins" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper Collins">Harper Collins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-35-865298-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-35-865298-4"><bdi>978-0-35-865298-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Letters+of+J.+R.+R.+Tolkien%3A+Revised+and+Expanded+Edition&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-35-865298-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHammondScull1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_G._Hammond" title="Wayne G. Hammond">Hammond, Wayne G.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Christina_Scull" title="Christina Scull">Scull, Christina</a> (1995). <i><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien:_Artist_and_Illustrator" title="J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator">J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator</a></i>. Illustrated by <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-74816-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-74816-X"><bdi>0-395-74816-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=J.+R.+R.+Tolkien%3A+Artist+and+Illustrator&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-395-74816-X&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=Wayne+G.&rft.au=Scull%2C+Christina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1954a" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1954a). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a></i>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9552942">9552942</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fellowship+of+the+Ring&rft.place=Boston&rft.series=%27%27The+Lord+of+the+Rings%27%27&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1954&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9552942&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1954" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1954). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Towers" title="The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a></i>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1042159111">1042159111</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Two+Towers&rft.place=Boston&rft.series=%27%27The+Lord+of+the+Rings%27%27&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1954&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1042159111&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1955" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1955). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a></i>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/519647821">519647821</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Return+of+the+King&rft.place=Boston&rft.series=%27%27The+Lord+of+the+Rings%27%27&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1955&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F519647821&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1977). <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tolkien" title="Christopher Tolkien">Christopher Tolkien</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Silmarillion" title="The Silmarillion">The Silmarillion</a></i>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-25730-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-395-25730-2"><bdi>978-0-395-25730-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Silmarillion&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-395-25730-2&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1980). <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tolkien" title="Christopher Tolkien">Christopher Tolkien</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Unfinished_Tales" title="Unfinished Tales">Unfinished Tales</a></i>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-29917-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-395-29917-3"><bdi>978-0-395-29917-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unfinished+Tales&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-395-29917-3&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1984). <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tolkien" title="Christopher Tolkien">Christopher Tolkien</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Lost_Tales" title="The Book of Lost Tales">The Book of Lost Tales</a></i>. Vol. 1. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-35439-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-35439-0"><bdi>0-395-35439-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Lost+Tales&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-395-35439-0&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1984b" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1984b). <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tolkien" title="Christopher Tolkien">Christopher Tolkien</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Lost_Tales" title="The Book of Lost Tales">The Book of Lost Tales</a></i>. Vol. 2. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-36614-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-36614-3"><bdi>0-395-36614-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Lost+Tales&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-395-36614-3&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1987). <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tolkien" title="Christopher Tolkien">Christopher Tolkien</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Road_and_Other_Writings" title="The Lost Road and Other Writings">The Lost Road and Other Writings</a></i>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-45519-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-45519-7"><bdi>0-395-45519-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lost+Road+and+Other+Writings&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-395-45519-7&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1993). <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tolkien" title="Christopher Tolkien">Christopher Tolkien</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Morgoth%27s_Ring" title="Morgoth's Ring">Morgoth's Ring</a></i>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-68092-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-68092-1"><bdi>0-395-68092-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Morgoth%27s+Ring&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-395-68092-1&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1992). <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tolkien" title="Christopher Tolkien">Christopher Tolkien</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Sauron_Defeated" class="mw-redirect" title="Sauron Defeated">Sauron Defeated</a></i>. Boston, New York, & London: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-60649-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-60649-7"><bdi>0-395-60649-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sauron+Defeated&rft.place=Boston%2C+New+York%2C+%26+London&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-395-60649-7&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1994). <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tolkien" title="Christopher Tolkien">Christopher Tolkien</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jewels" title="The War of the Jewels">The War of the Jewels</a></i>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-71041-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-71041-3"><bdi>0-395-71041-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+of+the+Jewels&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-395-71041-3&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1996). <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tolkien" title="Christopher Tolkien">Christopher Tolkien</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Peoples_of_Middle-earth" title="The Peoples of Middle-earth">The Peoples of Middle-earth</a></i>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-82760-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-395-82760-4"><bdi>978-0-395-82760-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Peoples+of+Middle-earth&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-395-82760-4&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTolkien2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (2018). <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tolkien" title="Christopher Tolkien">Christopher Tolkien</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Gondolin" title="The Fall of Gondolin">The Fall of Gondolin</a></i>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-0083-0275-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-0083-0275-7"><bdi>978-0-0083-0275-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fall+of+Gondolin&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-0083-0275-7&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASauron" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Template:The Lord of the Rings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Template talk:The Lord of the Rings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Lord of the Rings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Lord_of_the_Rings335" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructing_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Constructing The Lord of the Rings">Constructing <i>The Lord of the Rings</i></a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">About</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Volumes <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Towers" title="The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Stories <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_of_the_Past" title="The Shadow of the Past">The Shadow of the Past</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Council_of_Elrond" title="The Council of Elrond">The Council of Elrond</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Scouring_of_the_Shire" title="The Scouring of the Shire">The Scouring of the Shire</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Aragorn_and_Arwen" title="The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen">The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translating_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Translating The Lord of the Rings">Translating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_translations_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="List of translations of The Lord of the Rings">List of translations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translation_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_into_Swedish" title="Translation of The Lord of the Rings into Swedish">Swedish</a></li></ul></li> <li>Reception <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_Tolkien%27s_Middle-earth_writings" title="Impact of Tolkien's Middle-earth writings">Impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_reception_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Literary reception of The Lord of the Rings">Literary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_fandom" title="Tolkien fandom">Fandom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_fan_fiction" title="Tolkien fan fiction">Fan fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxonmoot" title="Oxonmoot">Oxonmoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkienmoot" title="Tolkienmoot">Tolkienmoot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_inspired_by_Tolkien" title="Works inspired by Tolkien">Works inspired</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_impact_on_fantasy" title="Tolkien's impact on fantasy">Tolkien's impact on fantasy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:One_Ring_Blender_Render.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/One_Ring_Blender_Render.png/60px-One_Ring_Blender_Render.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/One_Ring_Blender_Render.png/90px-One_Ring_Blender_Render.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/One_Ring_Blender_Render.png/120px-One_Ring_Blender_Render.png 2x" data-file-width="1945" data-file-height="1824" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_research" title="Tolkien research">Analysis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_antiquarianism" title="Tolkien and antiquarianism">Elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_constructed_by_Tolkien" title="Languages constructed by Tolkien">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Speech" title="Black Speech">Black Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvish_languages_of_Middle-earth" title="Elvish languages of Middle-earth">Elvish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quenya" title="Quenya">Quenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindarin" title="Sindarin">Sindarin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuzdul" title="Khuzdul">Khuzdul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Poetry_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Poetry in The Lord of the Rings">Poetry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Elbereth_Gilthoniel" title="A Elbereth Gilthoniel">A Elbereth Gilthoniel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nam%C3%A1ri%C3%AB" title="Namárië">Namárië</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_E%C3%A4rendil" title="Song of Eärendil">Song of Eärendil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_in_the_Moon_Stayed_Up_Too_Late" title="The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late">The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Goes_Ever_On_(song)" title="The Road Goes Ever On (song)">The Road Goes Ever On</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Walking_Song" title="A Walking Song">A Walking Song</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_artwork" title="Tolkien's artwork">Artwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreams_and_visions_in_Middle-earth" title="Dreams and visions in Middle-earth">Dreams and visions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_Middle-earth_family_trees" title="Tolkien's Middle-earth family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry_of_Middle-earth" title="Heraldry of Middle-earth">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_maps" title="Tolkien's maps">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proverbs_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Proverbs in The Lord of the Rings">Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_scripts" title="Tolkien's scripts">Scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Themes_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Themes of The Lord of the Rings">Themes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addiction_to_power_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Addiction to power in The Lord of the Rings">Addiction to power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestry_as_guide_to_character_in_Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Ancestry as guide to character in Tolkien's legendarium">Ancestry as guide to character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_Middle-earth" title="Architecture in Middle-earth">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_of_the_Ring" title="Company of the Ring">Company of the Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_immortality_in_Middle-earth" title="Death and immortality in Middle-earth">Death and immortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_and_fall_in_Middle-earth" title="Decline and fall in Middle-earth">Decline and fall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divination_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Divination in The Lord of the Rings">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Middle-earth" title="Economy of Middle-earth">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_in_Middle-earth" title="England in Middle-earth">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Environmentalism in The Lord of the Rings">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_in_Middle-earth" title="Evil in Middle-earth">Evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudal_allegiance_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Feudal allegiance in The Lord of the Rings">Feudal allegiance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_in_Middle-earth" title="Forests in Middle-earth">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell_and_Middle-earth" title="Hell and Middle-earth">Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroism_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Heroism in The Lord of the Rings">Heroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luck_and_fate_in_Middle-earth" title="Luck and fate in Middle-earth">Luck and fate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_in_Middle-earth" title="Magic in Middle-earth">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_illness_in_Middle-earth" title="Mental illness in Middle-earth">Mental illness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_moral_dilemma" title="Tolkien's moral dilemma">Moral dilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Middle-earth" title="Music of Middle-earth">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_of_weapons_in_Middle-earth" title="Naming of weapons in Middle-earth">Naming of weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_courage_in_Middle-earth" title="Northern courage in Middle-earth">Northern courage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paganism_in_Middle-earth" title="Paganism in Middle-earth">Paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plants_in_Middle-earth" title="Plants in Middle-earth">Plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Prophecy in The Lord of the Rings">Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_journeys_of_Middle-earth" title="Psychological journeys of Middle-earth">Psychological journeys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quests_in_Middle-earth" title="Quests in Middle-earth">Quests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_race" title="Tolkien and race">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Sexuality in The Lord of the Rings">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_and_language_in_Middle-earth" title="Sound and language in Middle-earth">Sound and language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Tolkien%27s_fiction" title="Time in Tolkien's fiction">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trees_in_Middle-earth" title="Trees in Middle-earth">Trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Women in The Lord of the Rings">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Influences_on_Tolkien" title="Influences on Tolkien">Influences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_antiquarianism" title="Tolkien and antiquarianism">Antiquarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beowulf_and_Middle-earth" title="Beowulf and Middle-earth"><i>Beowulf</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_influences_on_Tolkien" title="Celtic influences on Tolkien">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Middle-earth" title="Christianity in Middle-earth">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_classical_world" title="Tolkien and the classical world">Classical world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_War_and_Middle-earth" title="The Great War and Middle-earth">First World War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_Norse" title="Tolkien and the Norse">Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_medieval" title="Tolkien and the medieval">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_modern_sources" title="Tolkien's modern sources">Modern sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_modernists" title="Tolkien and the modernists">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris%27s_influence_on_Tolkien" title="William Morris's influence on Tolkien">William Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_mythology_for_England" title="A mythology for England">A mythology for England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philology_and_Middle-earth" title="Philology and Middle-earth">Philology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_influence_on_Tolkien" title="Shakespeare's influence on Tolkien">Shakespeare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literary_devices_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Literary devices in The Lord of the Rings">Techniques</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anachronism_in_Middle-earth" title="Anachronism in Middle-earth">Anachronism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_pairing_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Character pairing in The Lord of the Rings">Character pairing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editorial_framing_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Editorial framing of The Lord of the Rings">Editorial framing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_frame_stories" title="Tolkien's frame stories">Frame stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudotranslation_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Pseudotranslation in The Lord of the Rings">Pseudotranslation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impression_of_depth_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Impression of depth in The Lord of the Rings">Impression of depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_structure_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Narrative structure of The Lord of the Rings">Narrative structure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interlacing_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Interlacing in The Lord of the Rings">Interlacing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storytelling_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Storytelling in The Lord of the Rings">Storytelling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_prose_style" title="Tolkien's prose style">Prose style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_ambiguity" title="Tolkien's ambiguity">Ambiguity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_Pooh" title="Epic Pooh">Epic Pooh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_peoples" title="Middle-earth peoples">Peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maiar" title="Maiar">Maiar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balrog" title="Balrog">Balrogs</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sauron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizards_in_Middle-earth" title="Wizards in Middle-earth">Wizards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandalf" title="Gandalf">Gandalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radagast" title="Radagast">Radagast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saruman" title="Saruman">Saruman</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_peoples#Free_peoples" title="Middle-earth peoples">Free<br />peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dwarves_in_Middle-earth" title="Dwarves in Middle-earth">Dwarves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balin_(Middle-earth)" title="Balin (Middle-earth)">Balin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gimli_(Middle-earth)" title="Gimli (Middle-earth)">Gimli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elves_in_Middle-earth" title="Elves in Middle-earth">Elves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galadriel" title="Galadriel">Galadriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorfindel" title="Glorfindel">Glorfindel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half-elf" title="Half-elf">Half-elven</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arwen" title="Arwen">Arwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elrond" title="Elrond">Elrond</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legolas" title="Legolas">Legolas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thranduil" title="Thranduil">Thranduil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ent" title="Ent">Ents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treebeard" title="Treebeard">Treebeard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobbit" title="Hobbit">Hobbits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilbo_Baggins" title="Bilbo Baggins">Bilbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frodo_Baggins" title="Frodo Baggins">Frodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merry_Brandybuck" title="Merry Brandybuck">Merry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pippin_Took" title="Pippin Took">Pippin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samwise_Gamgee" title="Samwise Gamgee">Sam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_in_Middle-earth" title="Men in Middle-earth">Men</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beorn" title="Beorn">Beornings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%BAedain" title="Drúedain">Drúedain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAnedain" title="Dúnedain">Dúnedain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aragorn" title="Aragorn">Aragorn</a></li></ul></li> <li>of <a href="/wiki/Gondor" title="Gondor">Gondor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boromir" title="Boromir">Boromir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denethor" title="Denethor">Denethor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faramir" title="Faramir">Faramir</a></li></ul></li> <li>of <a href="/wiki/Rohan,_Middle-earth" title="Rohan, Middle-earth">Rohan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89omer" title="Éomer">Éomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89owyn" title="Éowyn">Éowyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9oden" title="Théoden">Théoden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%ADma_Wormtongue" title="Gríma Wormtongue">Wormtongue</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_monsters" title="Tolkien's monsters">Monsters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrow-wight" title="Barrow-wight">Barrow-wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gollum" title="Gollum">Gollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazg%C3%BBl" title="Nazgûl">Nazgûl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witch-king_of_Angmar" title="Witch-king of Angmar">Witch-king of Angmar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Man_Willow" title="Old Man Willow">Old Man Willow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orc" title="Orc">Orcs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelob" title="Shelob">Shelob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolls_in_Middle-earth" title="Trolls in Middle-earth">Trolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warg" title="Warg">Wargs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watcher_in_the_Water" title="Watcher in the Water">Watcher in the Water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eagles_in_Middle-earth" title="Eagles in Middle-earth">Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldberry" title="Goldberry">Goldberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Bombadil" title="Tom Bombadil">Tom Bombadil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cosmology_of_Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Cosmology of Tolkien's legendarium">World</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Middle-earth" title="Geography of Middle-earth">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">Middle-earth</a> <ul><li>Eriador <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bree_(Middle-earth)" title="Bree (Middle-earth)">Bree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Forest" title="Old Forest">Old Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivendell" title="Rivendell">Rivendell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shire" title="The Shire">The Shire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bag_End" title="Bag End">Bag End</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondor" title="Gondor">Gondor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harad" title="Harad">Harad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothl%C3%B3rien" title="Lothlórien">Lothlórien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirkwood" title="Mirkwood">Mirkwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moria,_Middle-earth" title="Moria, Middle-earth">Moria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordor" title="Mordor">Mordor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohan,_Middle-earth" title="Rohan, Middle-earth">Rohan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isengard" title="Isengard">Isengard</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valinor" title="Valinor">Undying Lands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Helm%27s_Deep" title="Battle of Helm's Deep">Helm's Deep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Pelennor_Fields" title="Battle of the Pelennor Fields">Pelennor Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Morannon" title="Battle of the Morannon">Morannon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Things</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mithril" title="Mithril">Mithril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliphaunt" title="Oliphaunt">Oliphaunts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palant%C3%ADr" title="Palantír">Palantírs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phial_of_Galadriel" title="Phial of Galadriel">Phial of Galadriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Power" title="Rings of Power">Rings of Power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Ring" title="One Ring">One Ring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_and_armour_in_Middle-earth" title="List of weapons and armour in Middle-earth">List of weapons and armour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit" title="The Hobbit">The Hobbit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tom_Bombadil" title="The Adventures of Tom Bombadil">The Adventures of Tom Bombadil</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Errantry" title="Errantry">Errantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastitocalon_(poem)" title="Fastitocalon (poem)">Fastitocalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sea-Bell" title="The Sea-Bell">The Sea-Bell</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Goes_Ever_On" title="The Road Goes Ever On">The Road Goes Ever On</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bilbo%27s_Last_Song" title="Bilbo's Last Song">Bilbo's Last Song</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Silmarillion" title="The Silmarillion">The Silmarillion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unfinished_Tales" title="Unfinished Tales">Unfinished Tales</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Letters_of_J._R._R._Tolkien" title="The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien">The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Middle-earth" title="The History of Middle-earth">The History of Middle-earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Children_of_H%C3%BArin" title="The Children of Húrin">The Children of Húrin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_The_Hobbit" title="The History of The Hobbit">The History of The Hobbit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beren_and_L%C3%BAthien" title="Beren and Lúthien">Beren and Lúthien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Gondolin" title="The Fall of Gondolin">The Fall of Gondolin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nature_of_Middle-earth" title="The Nature of Middle-earth">The Nature of Middle-earth</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Adaptations_and_derivative_works341" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Adaptations of The Lord of the Rings">Adaptations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Works_inspired_by_Tolkien" title="Works inspired by Tolkien">derivative works</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bored_of_the_Rings" title="Bored of the Rings">Bored of the Rings</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Ringbearer" title="The Last Ringbearer">The Last Ringbearer</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muddle_Earth" title="Muddle Earth">Muddle Earth</a></i> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Illustrating_Middle-earth" title="Illustrating Middle-earth">Illustrations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Map_of_Middle-earth" title="A Map of Middle-earth">A Map of Middle-earth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Baynes" title="Pauline Baynes">Pauline Baynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Remington" title="Barbara Remington">Barbara Remington</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howe_(illustrator)" title="John Howe (illustrator)">John Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lee_(illustrator)" title="Alan Lee (illustrator)">Alan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margrethe_II" title="Margrethe II">Margrethe II of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Nasmith" title="Ted Nasmith">Ted Nasmith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theatre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fellowship!" title="Fellowship!">Fellowship!</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(musical)" title="The Lord of the Rings (musical)">The Lord of the Rings</a></i> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Middle-earth" title="Music of Middle-earth">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Hansson" title="Bo Hansson">Bo Hansson</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Music_Inspired_by_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings">Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings</a></i> (1972)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_de_Meij" title="Johan de Meij">Johan de Meij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._1_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Symphony No. 1 The Lord of the Rings">Symphony No. 1 <i>The Lord of the Rings</i></a> (1988)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Ramble_On" title="Ramble On">Ramble On</a>" (1969)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Misty_Mountain_Hop" title="Misty Mountain Hop">Misty Mountain Hop</a>" (1971)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_Evermore" title="The Battle of Evermore">The Battle of Evermore</a>" (1971)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(1955_radio_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)">The Lord of the Rings</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, 1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(1979_radio_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)">The Lord of the Rings</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>, 1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hordes_of_the_Things_(radio_series)" title="Hordes of the Things (radio series)">Hordes of the Things</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(1981_radio_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)">The Lord of the Rings</a></i> (BBC, 1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Der_Herr_der_Ringe" title="Der Herr der Ringe">Der Herr der Ringe</a></i> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_in_motion_pictures" title="Middle-earth in motion pictures">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(1978_film)" title="The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)">The Lord of the Rings</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bakshi" title="Ralph Bakshi">Bakshi</a>, 1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King_(1980_film)" title="The Return of the King (1980 film)">The Return of the King</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Rankin/Bass_Animated_Entertainment" title="Rankin/Bass Animated Entertainment">Rankin/Bass</a>, 1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_War_of_the_Rohirrim" title="The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim">The War of the Rohirrim</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Kenji_Kamiyama" title="Kenji Kamiyama">Kamiyama</a>, 2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (film series)">Peter Jackson<br />series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a></i> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="Music of The Lord of the Rings film series">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Concerning_Hobbits" title="Concerning Hobbits">Concerning Hobbits</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Into_the_West_(song)" title="Into the West (song)">Into the West</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/May_It_Be" title="May It Be">May It Be</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Approach</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Production_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="Production of The Lord of the Rings film series">Production</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hobbiton_Movie_Set" title="Hobbiton Movie Set">Hobbiton Movie Set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson%27s_interpretation_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Peter Jackson's interpretation of The Lord of the Rings">Peter Jackson's interpretation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Picturing_Tolkien" title="Picturing Tolkien">Picturing Tolkien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_on_Film" title="Tolkien on Film">Tolkien on Film</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sagan_om_ringen_(1971_film)" title="Sagan om ringen (1971 film)">Sagan om ringen</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khraniteli" title="Khraniteli">Khraniteli</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hobitit" title="Hobitit">Hobitit</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Rings_of_Power" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power">The Rings of Power</a></i> (2022) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Rings_of_Power" title="Music of The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power">music</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fan-made</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hunt_for_Gollum" title="The Hunt for Gollum">The Hunt for Gollum</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Born_of_Hope" title="Born of Hope">Born of Hope</a></i> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_in_video_games" title="Middle-earth in video games">Video games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Journey_to_Rivendell" title="The Lord of the Rings: Journey to Rivendell">Journey to Rivendell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Rings:_Game_One" title="Lord of the Rings: Game One">Game One</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shadows_of_Mordor" title="Shadows of Mordor">Game Two: Shadows of Mordor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/War_in_Middle_Earth" title="War in Middle Earth">War in Middle Earth</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien%27s_The_Lord_of_the_Rings,_Vol._I_(1990_video_game)" title="J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game)"><i>Vol. I</i> (1990)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien%27s_The_Lord_of_the_Rings,_Vol._I_(1994_video_game)" title="J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1994 video game)"><i>Vol. I</i> (SNES)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien%27s_Riders_of_Rohan" title="J. R. R. Tolkien's Riders of Rohan">Riders of Rohan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elendor" title="Elendor">Elendor</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien%27s_The_Lord_of_the_Rings,_Vol._II:_The_Two_Towers" title="J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. II: The Two Towers"><i>Vol. II: The Two Towers</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring_(video_game)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)"><i>The Fellowship of the Ring</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers_(video_game)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)"><i>The Two Towers</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King_(video_game)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)"><i>The Return of the King</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_War_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring"><i>War of the Ring</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Third_Age" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age"><i>The Third Age</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Third_Age_(Game_Boy_Advance_video_game)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age (Game Boy Advance video game)">Game Boy Advance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Battle_for_Middle-earth" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth"><i>The Battle for Middle-earth</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Tactics" title="The Lord of the Rings: Tactics"><i>Tactics</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Battle_for_Middle-earth_II" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II"><i>The Battle for Middle-earth II</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Battle_for_Middle-earth_II:_The_Rise_of_the_Witch-king" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king"><i>The Rise of the Witch-king</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Conquest" title="The Lord of the Rings: Conquest"><i>Conquest</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Aragorn%27s_Quest" title="The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest"><i>Aragorn's Quest</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_War_in_the_North" title="The Lord of the Rings: War in the North"><i>War in the North</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(video_game)" title="Lego The Lord of the Rings (video game)"><i>Lego The Lord of the Rings</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_Middle-earth" title="Guardians of Middle-earth">Guardians of Middle-earth</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth:_Shadow_of_Mordor" title="Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor"><i>Shadow of Mordor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth:_Shadow_of_War" title="Middle-earth: Shadow of War"><i>Shadow of War</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Gollum" title="The Lord of the Rings: Gollum"><i>Gollum</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Return_to_Moria" title="The Lord of the Rings: Return to Moria"><i>Return to Moria</i></a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online36" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online" title="The Lord of the Rings Online">The Lord of the Rings Online</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Mines_of_Moria" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Mines of Moria"><i>Mines of Moria</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Siege_of_Mirkwood" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Siege of Mirkwood"><i>Siege of Mirkwood</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Rise_of_Isengard" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Rise of Isengard"><i>Rise of Isengard</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Riders_of_Rohan" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Riders of Rohan"><i>Riders of Rohan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Helm%27s_Deep" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Helm's Deep"><i>Helm's Deep</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Mordor" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Mordor"><i>Mordor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Minas_Morgul" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Minas Morgul"><i>Minas Morgul</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_War_of_Three_Peaks" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: War of Three Peaks"><i>War of Three Peaks</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Fate_of_Gundabad" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Fate of Gundabad"><i>Fate of Gundabad</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Before_the_Shadow" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Before the Shadow"><i>Before the Shadow</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tabletop role-<br />playing games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_Role_Playing" title="Middle-earth Role Playing">Middle-earth Role Playing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Roleplaying_Game" title="The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game">The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_One_Ring_Roleplaying_Game" title="The One Ring Roleplaying Game">The One Ring Roleplaying Game</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adventures_in_Middle-earth" title="Adventures in Middle-earth">Adventures in Middle-earth</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_Earth_(board_game)" title="Middle Earth (board game)">Middle Earth</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Ring_(SPI_game)" title="War of the Ring (SPI game)">War of the Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondor:_The_Siege_of_Minas_Tirith" title="Gondor: The Siege of Minas Tirith">Gondor: The Siege of Minas Tirith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauron_(game)" title="Sauron (game)">Sauron</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Rings_(board_game)" title="Lord of the Rings (board game)">Lord of the Rings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Ring_(board_game)" title="War of the Ring (board game)">War of the Ring</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Card games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_Collectible_Card_Game" title="Middle-earth Collectible Card Game">Middle-earth Collectible Card Game</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Trading_Card_Game" title="The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game">The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Card_Game" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game">The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_Strategy_Battle_Game" title="Middle-earth Strategy Battle Game">Middle-earth Strategy Battle Game</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lego_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Lego The Lord of the Rings">Lego The Lord of the Rings</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Hobbit710" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hobbit" title="Template:Hobbit"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hobbit" title="Template talk:Hobbit"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hobbit" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hobbit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Hobbit710" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit" title="The Hobbit">The Hobbit</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobbit" title="Hobbit">Hobbit</a> <a href="/wiki/Hobbit_(word)" title="Hobbit (word)">(word)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Tolkien's legendarium">Legendarium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_frame_stories" title="Tolkien's frame stories">frame stories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">Middle-earth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_artwork" title="Tolkien's artwork">artwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beowulf_and_Middle-earth" title="Beowulf and Middle-earth"><i>Beowulf</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_maps" title="Tolkien's maps">maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_of_weapons_in_Middle-earth" title="Naming of weapons in Middle-earth">naming of weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_journeys_of_Middle-earth" title="Psychological journeys of Middle-earth">psychological journeys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirth#Runes_from_The_Hobbit" title="Cirth">runes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Editions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English-language_editions_of_The_Hobbit" title="English-language editions of The Hobbit">English-language editions</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Annotated_Hobbit" title="The Annotated Hobbit">The Annotated Hobbit</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translations_of_The_Hobbit" title="Translations of The Hobbit">Translations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Hobbit_characters" title="List of The Hobbit characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilbo_Baggins" title="Bilbo Baggins">Bilbo Baggins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizards_in_Middle-earth" title="Wizards in Middle-earth">Wizards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandalf" title="Gandalf">Gandalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radagast" title="Radagast">Radagast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarves_in_Middle-earth" title="Dwarves in Middle-earth">Dwarves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thorin_Oakenshield" title="Thorin Oakenshield">Thorin Oakenshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balin_(Middle-earth)" title="Balin (Middle-earth)">Balin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orc" title="Orc">Goblins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolls_in_Middle-earth" title="Trolls in Middle-earth">Trolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gollum" title="Gollum">Gollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagles_in_Middle-earth" title="Eagles in Middle-earth">Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beorn" title="Beorn">Beorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elves_in_Middle-earth" title="Elves in Middle-earth">Elves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elrond" title="Elrond">Elrond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thranduil" title="Thranduil">the Elvenking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smaug" title="Smaug">Smaug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bard_the_Bowman" title="Bard the Bowman">Bard the Bowman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Necromancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warg" title="Warg">Wargs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Middle-earth" title="Geography of Middle-earth">Places</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Eriador <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Shire" title="The Shire">The Shire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivendell" title="Rivendell">Rivendell</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rhovanion <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirkwood" title="Mirkwood">Mirkwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esgaroth" title="Esgaroth">Esgaroth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonely_Mountain" title="Lonely Mountain">Lonely Mountain</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_The_Hobbit" title="The History of The Hobbit">The History of The Hobbit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bilbo%27s_Last_Song" title="Bilbo's Last Song">Bilbo's Last Song</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(pinball)" title="The Hobbit (pinball)"><i>The Hobbit</i> pinball machine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_Strategy_Battle_Game" title="Middle-earth Strategy Battle Game">The Hobbit Strategy Battle Game</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_The_Hobbit" title="Adaptations of The Hobbit">Adaptations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(radio_series)" title="The Hobbit (radio series)">The Hobbit</a></i> (1968)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gene Deitch's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(1967_film)" title="The Hobbit (1967 film)">The Hobbit</a></i> (1967)</li> <li>Rankin/Bass's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(1977_film)" title="The Hobbit (1977 film)">The Hobbit</a></i> (1977)</li> <li>Soviet <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(1985_film)" title="The Hobbit (1985 film)">The Hobbit</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(film_series)" title="The Hobbit (film series)">Peter Jackson's series</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit:_An_Unexpected_Journey" title="The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey">An Unexpected Journey</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit:_The_Desolation_of_Smaug" title="The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug">The Desolation of Smaug</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit:_The_Battle_of_the_Five_Armies" title="The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies">The Battle of the Five Armies</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_original_characters_in_The_Hobbit_film_series" title="List of original characters in The Hobbit film series">original characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Hobbit_film_series" title="Music of The Hobbit film series">music</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(1982_video_game)" title="The Hobbit (1982 video game)">The Hobbit</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(2003_video_game)" title="The Hobbit (2003 video game)">The Hobbit</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lego_The_Hobbit" title="Lego The Hobbit">Lego The Hobbit</a></i> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:The_Hobbit" title="Category:The Hobbit">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Middle-earth371" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Middle-earth" title="Template:Middle-earth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Middle-earth" title="Template talk:Middle-earth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Middle-earth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Middle-earth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Middle-earth371" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">Middle-earth</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien_bibliography" title="J. R. R. Tolkien bibliography">Bibliography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_canon" title="Middle-earth canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Tolkien's legendarium">Legendarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Middle-earth" title="Outline of Middle-earth">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In Tolkien's<br />lifetime</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit" title="The Hobbit">The Hobbit</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i> (1954-55) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a></i> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_of_the_Past" title="The Shadow of the Past">The Shadow of the Past</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Council_of_Elrond" title="The Council of Elrond">The Council of Elrond</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Towers" title="The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a></i> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Scouring_of_the_Shire" title="The Scouring of the Shire">The Scouring of the Shire</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Aragorn_and_Arwen" title="The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen">The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen</a>"</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tom_Bombadil" title="The Adventures of Tom Bombadil">The Adventures of Tom Bombadil</a></i> (1962)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Posthumous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Silmarillion" title="The Silmarillion">The Silmarillion</a></i> (1977) <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Ainulindal%C3%AB" title="Ainulindalë">Ainulindalë</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unfinished_Tales" title="Unfinished Tales">Unfinished Tales</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Letters_of_J._R._R._Tolkien" title="The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien">The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bilbo%27s_Last_Song" title="Bilbo's Last Song">Bilbo's Last Song</a></i> (1990)</li> <li>The three "Great Tales" <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Children_of_H%C3%BArin" title="The Children of Húrin">The Children of Húrin</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beren_and_L%C3%BAthien" title="Beren and Lúthien">Beren and Lúthien</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Gondolin" title="The Fall of Gondolin">The Fall of Gondolin</a></i> (2018)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_N%C3%BAmenor" title="The Fall of Númenor">The Fall of Númenor</a></i> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History of<br />composition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Middle-earth" title="The History of Middle-earth">History of<br />Middle-earth</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[1–2] <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Lost_Tales" title="The Book of Lost Tales">The Book of Lost Tales</a></i> (1983–84) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfwine_(Tolkien)" title="Ælfwine (Tolkien)">Ælfwine</a></li></ul></li> <li>[3] <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lays_of_Beleriand" title="The Lays of Beleriand">The Lays of Beleriand</a></i> (1985)</li> <li>[4] <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shaping_of_Middle-earth" title="The Shaping of Middle-earth">The Shaping of Middle-earth</a></i> (1986)</li> <li>[5] <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Road_and_Other_Writings" title="The Lost Road and Other Writings">The Lost Road and Other Writings</a></i> (1987) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Etymologies_(Tolkien)" title="The Etymologies (Tolkien)">The Etymologies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lhammas" title="Lhammas">Lhammas</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>[6–9] <i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The History of The Lord of the Rings">The History of The Lord of the Rings</a></i> (1988–92) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Notion_Club_Papers" title="The Notion Club Papers">The Notion Club Papers</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>[10] <i><a href="/wiki/Morgoth%27s_Ring" title="Morgoth's Ring">Morgoth's Ring</a></i> (1993)</li> <li>[11] <i><a href="/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jewels" title="The War of the Jewels">The War of the Jewels</a></i> (1994)</li> <li>[12] <i><a href="/wiki/The_Peoples_of_Middle-earth" title="The Peoples of Middle-earth">The Peoples of Middle-earth</a></i> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Rateliff" title="John D. Rateliff">John D. Rateliff</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_The_Hobbit" title="The History of The Hobbit">The History of The Hobbit</a></i> (2007)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_F._Hostetter" title="Carl F. Hostetter">Carl F. Hostetter</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nature_of_Middle-earth" title="The Nature of Middle-earth">The Nature of Middle-earth</a></i> (2021)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Arda" title="History of Arda">Fictional<br />universe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_peoples" title="Middle-earth peoples">Peoples</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_monsters" title="Tolkien's monsters">monsters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ainur_in_Middle-earth" title="Ainur in Middle-earth">Ainur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maiar" title="Maiar">Maiar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balrog" title="Balrog">Balrogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizards_in_Middle-earth" title="Wizards in Middle-earth">Wizards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valar" title="Valar">Valar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragons_in_Middle-earth" title="Dragons in Middle-earth">Dragons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancalagon_the_Black" title="Ancalagon the Black">Ancalagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smaug" title="Smaug">Smaug</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarves_in_Middle-earth" title="Dwarves in Middle-earth">Dwarves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagles_in_Middle-earth" title="Eagles in Middle-earth">Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elves_in_Middle-earth" title="Elves in Middle-earth">Elves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half-elf" title="Half-elf">Half-elven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noldor" title="Noldor">Noldor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundering_of_the_Elves" title="Sundering of the Elves">Sundering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ent" title="Ent">Ents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobbit" title="Hobbit">Hobbits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_in_Middle-earth" title="Men in Middle-earth">Men</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beorn" title="Beorn">Beornings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%BAedain" title="Drúedain">Drúedain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAnedain" title="Dúnedain">Dúnedain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orc" title="Orc">Orcs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolls_in_Middle-earth" title="Trolls in Middle-earth">Trolls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Middle-earth_characters" title="List of Middle-earth characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>First and Second Ages <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celebrimbor" title="Celebrimbor">Celebrimbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C3%A4rendil_and_Elwing" title="Eärendil and Elwing">Eärendil and Elwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elendil" title="Elendil">Elendil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%ABanor" title="Fëanor">Fëanor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingolfin" title="Fingolfin">Fingolfin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finw%C3%AB_and_M%C3%ADriel" title="Finwë and Míriel">Finwë and Míriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil-galad" title="Gil-galad">Gil-galad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BArin" title="Húrin">Húrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isildur" title="Isildur">Isildur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BAthien_and_Beren" title="Lúthien and Beren">Lúthien and Beren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melian_(Middle-earth)" title="Melian (Middle-earth)">Melian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgoth" title="Morgoth">Morgoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thingol" title="Thingol">Thingol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuor_and_Idril" title="Tuor and Idril">Tuor and Idril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BArin_Turambar" title="Túrin Turambar">Túrin Turambar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungoliant" title="Ungoliant">Ungoliant</a></li></ul></li> <li>Third Age <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elrond" title="Elrond">Elrond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galadriel" title="Galadriel">Galadriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandalf" title="Gandalf">Gandalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorfindel" title="Glorfindel">Glorfindel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldberry" title="Goldberry">Goldberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gollum" title="Gollum">Gollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saruman" title="Saruman">Saruman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sauron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Bombadil" title="Tom Bombadil">Tom Bombadil</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Middle-earth" title="Geography of Middle-earth">Places</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>First and Second Ages <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beleriand" title="Beleriand">Beleriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmenor" title="Númenor">Númenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valinor" title="Valinor">Valinor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Third Age <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bree_(Middle-earth)" title="Bree (Middle-earth)">Bree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esgaroth" title="Esgaroth">Esgaroth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondor" title="Gondor">Gondor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harad" title="Harad">Harad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isengard" title="Isengard">Isengard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonely_Mountain" title="Lonely Mountain">Lonely Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothl%C3%B3rien" title="Lothlórien">Lothlórien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirkwood" title="Mirkwood">Mirkwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordor" title="Mordor">Mordor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moria,_Middle-earth" title="Moria, Middle-earth">Moria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivendell" title="Rivendell">Rivendell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohan,_Middle-earth" title="Rohan, Middle-earth">Rohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shire" title="The Shire">The Shire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bag_End" title="Bag End">Bag End</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mithril" title="Mithril">Mithril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palant%C3%ADr" title="Palantír">Palantír</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Book_of_Westmarch" title="Red Book of Westmarch">Red Book of Westmarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Power" title="Rings of Power">Rings of Power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Ring" title="One Ring">One Ring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silmarils" title="Silmarils">Silmarils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Trees_of_Valinor" title="Two Trees of Valinor">Two Trees of Valinor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_and_armour_in_Middle-earth" title="List of weapons and armour in Middle-earth">List of weapons and armour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Analysis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_antiquarianism" title="Tolkien and antiquarianism">Elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_artwork" title="Tolkien's artwork">Artwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_Middle-earth_family_trees" title="Tolkien's Middle-earth family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry_of_Middle-earth" title="Heraldry of Middle-earth">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_constructed_by_Tolkien" title="Languages constructed by Tolkien">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%BBnaic" title="Adûnaic">Adûnaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Speech" title="Black Speech">Black Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvish_languages_of_Middle-earth" title="Elvish languages of Middle-earth">Elvish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quenya" title="Quenya">Quenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindarin" title="Sindarin">Sindarin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuzdul" title="Khuzdul">Khuzdul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valarin" title="Valarin">Valarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westron" title="Westron">Westron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_maps" title="Tolkien's maps">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_poetry" title="Tolkien's poetry">Tolkien's poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_scripts" title="Tolkien's scripts">Scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Themes_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Themes of The Lord of the Rings">Themes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anachronism_in_Middle-earth" title="Anachronism in Middle-earth">Anachronism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestry_as_guide_to_character_in_Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Ancestry as guide to character in Tolkien's legendarium">Ancestry as guide to character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_Middle-earth" title="Architecture in Middle-earth">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Middle-earth" title="Christianity in Middle-earth">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmology_of_Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Cosmology of Tolkien's legendarium">Cosmology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_round_world_dilemma" title="Tolkien's round world dilemma">Round World dilemma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_immortality_in_Middle-earth" title="Death and immortality in Middle-earth">Death and immortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_and_fall_in_Middle-earth" title="Decline and fall in Middle-earth">Decline and fall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreams_and_visions_in_Middle-earth" title="Dreams and visions in Middle-earth">Dreams and visions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Middle-earth" title="Economy of Middle-earth">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_in_Middle-earth" title="England in Middle-earth">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Environmentalism in The Lord of the Rings">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_in_Middle-earth" title="Evil in Middle-earth">Evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_War_and_Middle-earth" title="The Great War and Middle-earth">First World War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_in_Middle-earth" title="Forests in Middle-earth">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_frame_stories" title="Tolkien's frame stories">Frame stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell_and_Middle-earth" title="Hell and Middle-earth">Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroism_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Heroism in The Lord of the Rings">Heroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_light_in_Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Christian light in Tolkien's legendarium">Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luck_and_fate_in_Middle-earth" title="Luck and fate in Middle-earth">Luck and fate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_in_Middle-earth" title="Magic in Middle-earth">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_illness_in_Middle-earth" title="Mental illness in Middle-earth">Mental illness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_modernists" title="Tolkien and the modernists">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_moral_dilemma" title="Tolkien's moral dilemma">Moral dilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Middle-earth" title="Music of Middle-earth">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_of_weapons_in_Middle-earth" title="Naming of weapons in Middle-earth">Naming of weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_courage_in_Middle-earth" title="Northern courage in Middle-earth">Northern courage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Straight_Road" title="Old Straight Road">Old Straight Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paganism_in_Middle-earth" title="Paganism in Middle-earth">Paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plants_in_Middle-earth" title="Plants in Middle-earth">Plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_journeys_of_Middle-earth" title="Psychological journeys of Middle-earth">Psychological journeys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quests_in_Middle-earth" title="Quests in Middle-earth">Quests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_and_language_in_Middle-earth" title="Sound and language in Middle-earth">Sound and language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Tolkien%27s_fiction" title="Time in Tolkien's fiction">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trees_in_Middle-earth" title="Trees in Middle-earth">Trees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_impact_on_fantasy" title="Tolkien's impact on fantasy">Tolkien's impact on fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influences_on_Tolkien" title="Influences on Tolkien">Influences</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beowulf_and_Middle-earth" title="Beowulf and Middle-earth"><i>Beowulf</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_influences_on_Tolkien" title="Celtic influences on Tolkien">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_classical_world" title="Tolkien and the classical world">Classical world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_influences_on_Tolkien" title="Finnish influences on Tolkien">Finnish language and literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_medieval" title="Tolkien and the medieval">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_modern_sources" title="Tolkien's modern sources">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris%27s_influence_on_Tolkien" title="William Morris's influence on Tolkien">William Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_Norse" title="Tolkien and the Norse">Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philology_and_Middle-earth" title="Philology and Middle-earth">Philology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_influence_on_Tolkien" title="Shakespeare's influence on Tolkien">Shakespeare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_prose_style" title="Tolkien's prose style">Prose style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_ambiguity" title="Tolkien's ambiguity">Ambiguity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_mythology_for_England" title="A mythology for England">A mythology for England</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlas_of_Middle-earth" title="The Atlas of Middle-earth">The Atlas of Middle-earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journeys_of_Frodo" title="Journeys of Frodo">Journeys of Frodo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Map_of_Middle-earth" title="A Map of Middle-earth">A Map of Middle-earth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations,<br />legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Illustrating_Middle-earth" title="Illustrating Middle-earth">Artists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Baynes" title="Pauline Baynes">Pauline Baynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cor_Blok" title="Cor Blok">Cor Blok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anke_Ei%C3%9Fmann" title="Anke Eißmann">Anke Eißmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_Hildebrandt" title="Brothers Hildebrandt">Brothers Hildebrandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Dolfen" title="Jenny Dolfen">Jenny Dolfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Fairburn" title="Mary Fairburn">Mary Fairburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donato_Giancola" title="Donato Giancola">Donato Giancola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howe_(illustrator)" title="John Howe (illustrator)">John Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tove_Jansson" title="Tove Jansson">Tove Jansson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Korotich" title="Alexander Korotich">Alexander Korotich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lee_(illustrator)" title="Alan Lee (illustrator)">Alan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Loback" title="Tom Loback">Tom Loback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margrethe_II" title="Margrethe II">Margrethe II of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Nasmith" title="Ted Nasmith">Ted Nasmith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Composers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Hansson" title="Bo Hansson">Bo Hansson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_de_Meij" title="Johan de Meij">Johan de Meij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._1_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Symphony No. 1 The Lord of the Rings">Symphony No. 1 <i>The Lord of the Rings</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Shore" title="Howard Shore">Howard Shore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="Music of The Lord of the Rings film series">Music of <i>The Lord of the Rings</i> film series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Hobbit_film_series" title="Music of The Hobbit film series">Music of <i>The Hobbit</i> film series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Rings_of_Power" title="Music of The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power">Music of <i>The Rings of Power</i> TV series</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_Guardian" title="Blind Guardian">Blind Guardian</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nightfall_in_Middle-Earth" title="Nightfall in Middle-Earth">Nightfall in Middle-Earth</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Swann" title="Donald Swann">Donald Swann</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Goes_Ever_On" title="The Road Goes Ever On">The Road Goes Ever On</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poems_and_Songs_of_Middle_Earth" title="Poems and Songs of Middle Earth">Poems and Songs of Middle Earth</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tolkien_Ensemble" title="The Tolkien Ensemble">The Tolkien Ensemble</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Evening_in_Rivendell" title="An Evening in Rivendell">An Evening in Rivendell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Night_in_Rivendell" title="A Night in Rivendell">A Night in Rivendell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/At_Dawn_in_Rivendell" title="At Dawn in Rivendell">At Dawn in Rivendell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leaving_Rivendell" title="Leaving Rivendell">Leaving Rivendell</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_Tolkien%27s_Middle-earth_writings" title="Impact of Tolkien's Middle-earth writings">Impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_Enterprises" title="Middle-earth Enterprises">Middle-earth Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_inspired_by_Tolkien" title="Works inspired by Tolkien">Works inspired by Tolkien</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_fan_fiction" title="Tolkien fan fiction">Fan fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_in_motion_pictures" title="Middle-earth in motion pictures">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_Calendars" title="Tolkien Calendars">Calendars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_in_video_games" title="Middle-earth in video games">Video games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_J._R._R._Tolkien_and_his_works" title="List of things named after J. R. R. Tolkien and his works">Things named after Tolkien and his works</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literary_reception_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Literary reception of The Lord of the Rings">Literary<br />criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Guide_to_Middle-earth" title="The Complete Guide to Middle-earth">The Complete Guide to Middle-earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Companion_to_J._R._R._Tolkien" title="A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien">A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interrupted_Music" title="Interrupted Music">Interrupted Music</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Middle-Earth" title="Master of Middle-Earth">Master of Middle-Earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Picturing_Tolkien" title="Picturing Tolkien">Picturing Tolkien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Question_of_Time_(book)" title="A Question of Time (book)">A Question of Time</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien:_Author_of_the_Century" title="J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century">J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_J._R._R._Tolkien_Companion_and_Guide" title="The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide">The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien_Encyclopedia" title="J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia">J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_A_Reader%27s_Companion" title="The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion">The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Perilous_Realms" title="Perilous Realms">Perilous Realms</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Middle-Earth" title="The Road to Middle-Earth">The Road to Middle-Earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Splintered_Light" title="Splintered Light">Splintered Light</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_Invention_of_Myth" title="Tolkien and the Invention of Myth">Tolkien and the Invention of Myth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_Art:_%27A_Mythology_for_England%27" title="Tolkien's Art: 'A Mythology for England'">Tolkien's Art: 'A Mythology for England'</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien:_A_Look_Behind_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Tolkien: A Look Behind The Lord of the Rings">Tolkien: A Look Behind The Lord of the Rings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Tolkien_Compass" title="A Tolkien Compass">A Tolkien Compass</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien:_Maker_of_Middle-earth" title="Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth">Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien,_Race_and_Cultural_History" title="Tolkien, Race and Cultural History">Tolkien, Race and Cultural History</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_Legendarium:_Essays_on_The_History_of_Middle-earth" title="Tolkien's Legendarium: Essays on The History of Middle-earth">Tolkien's Legendarium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_Great_War" title="Tolkien and the Great War">Tolkien and the Great War</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Worlds_of_J._R._R._Tolkien" title="The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien">The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ring_of_Words:_Tolkien_and_the_Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary">The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sauron&oldid=1282344518">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sauron&oldid=1282344518</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:The_Silmarillion_characters" title="Category:The Silmarillion characters">The Silmarillion characters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:The_Hobbit_characters" title="Category:The Hobbit characters">The Hobbit characters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:The_Lord_of_the_Rings_characters" title="Category:The Lord of the Rings characters">The Lord of the Rings characters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Middle-earth_rulers" title="Category:Middle-earth rulers">Middle-earth rulers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Male_characters_in_literature" title="Category:Male characters in literature">Male characters in literature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Video_game_bosses" title="Category:Video game bosses">Video game bosses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dark_lords" title="Category:Dark lords">Dark lords</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_move-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_August_2024" title="Category:Use British English from August 2024">Use British English from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Infobox_character_with_multiple_unlabeled_fields" title="Category:Articles using Infobox character with multiple unlabeled fields">Articles using Infobox character with multiple unlabeled fields</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 March 2025, at 21:05<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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