CINXE.COM
Madagascar Archives - Committee to Protect Journalists
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menu-item-98913"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/gambia/" id="menu-link-25">Gambia</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98914" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98914"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/ghana/" id="menu-link-26">Ghana</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98915" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98915"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/guinea/" id="menu-link-27">Guinea</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98916" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98916"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/guinea-bissau/" id="menu-link-28">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98917" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98917"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/ivory-coast/" id="menu-link-29">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98918" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98918"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/kenya/" id="menu-link-30">Kenya</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98919" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98919"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/lesotho/" id="menu-link-31">Lesotho</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98920" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98920"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/liberia/" id="menu-link-32">Liberia</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98921" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location current-menu-item menu-item-98921"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/madagascar/" aria-current="page" id="menu-link-33">Madagascar</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98922" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98922"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/malawi/" id="menu-link-34">Malawi</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98923" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98923"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/mali/" id="menu-link-35">Mali</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98924" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98924"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/mauritius/" id="menu-link-36">Mauritius</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98925" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98925"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/mozambique/" id="menu-link-37">Mozambique</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98926" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98926"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/namibia/" id="menu-link-38">Namibia</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98927" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98927"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/niger/" id="menu-link-39">Niger</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98928" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98928"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/nigeria/" id="menu-link-40">Nigeria</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98929" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98929"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/republic-of-congo/" id="menu-link-41">Republic of Congo</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98930" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98930"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/rwanda/" id="menu-link-42">Rwanda</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98931" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98931"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/senegal/" id="menu-link-43">Senegal</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98932" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98932"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/seychelles/" id="menu-link-44">Seychelles</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98933" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98933"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/sierra-leone/" id="menu-link-45">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98934" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98934"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/somalia/" id="menu-link-46">Somalia</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98935" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98935"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/south-africa/" id="menu-link-47">South Africa</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98936" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98936"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/south-sudan/" id="menu-link-48">South Sudan</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98938" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98938"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/tanzania/" id="menu-link-49">Tanzania</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98939" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98939"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/togo/" id="menu-link-50">Togo</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98940" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98940"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/uganda/" id="menu-link-51">Uganda</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98941" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98941"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/zambia/" id="menu-link-52">Zambia</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98942" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98942"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/zimbabwe/" id="menu-link-53">Zimbabwe</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98943" class="menu-parent-link menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location current-location-ancestor current-location-parent menu-item-98943"><a href="https://cpj.org/africa/" id="menu-link-54">All Africa</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-98944" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-98944"><a id="menu-link-55" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Americas</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-98945" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98945"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/antigua-and-barbuda/" id="menu-link-56">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98946" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98946"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/argentina/" id="menu-link-57">Argentina</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98947" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98947"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/bahamas/" id="menu-link-58">Bahamas</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98948" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98948"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/barbados/" id="menu-link-59">Barbados</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98949" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98949"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/belize/" id="menu-link-60">Belize</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98950" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98950"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/bolivia/" id="menu-link-61">Bolivia</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98951" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98951"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/brazil/" id="menu-link-62">Brazil</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98952" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98952"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/canada/" id="menu-link-63">Canada</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98953" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98953"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/chile/" id="menu-link-64">Chile</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98955" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98955"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/colombia/" id="menu-link-65">Colombia</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98956" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98956"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/costa-rica/" id="menu-link-66">Costa Rica</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98957" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98957"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/cuba/" id="menu-link-67">Cuba</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98958" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98958"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/dominican-republic/" id="menu-link-68">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98959" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98959"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/ecuador/" id="menu-link-69">Ecuador</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98960" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98960"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/el-salvador/" id="menu-link-70">El Salvador</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98961" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98961"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/guatemala/" id="menu-link-71">Guatemala</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98962" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98962"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/guyana/" id="menu-link-72">Guyana</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98963" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98963"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/haiti/" id="menu-link-73">Haiti</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98964" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98964"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/honduras/" id="menu-link-74">Honduras</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98965" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98965"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/jamaica/" id="menu-link-75">Jamaica</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98966" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98966"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/mexico/" id="menu-link-76">Mexico</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98967" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98967"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/nicaragua/" id="menu-link-77">Nicaragua</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98968" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98968"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/panama/" id="menu-link-78">Panama</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98969" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98969"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/paraguay/" id="menu-link-79">Paraguay</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98970" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98970"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/peru/" id="menu-link-80">Peru</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98971" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98971"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/st-vincent-and-the-grenadines/" id="menu-link-81">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li id="menu-item-193107" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-193107"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/suriname/" id="menu-link-82">Suriname</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98972" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98972"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/trinidad-and-tobago/" id="menu-link-83">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98973" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98973"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/uruguay/" id="menu-link-84">Uruguay</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98974" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98974"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/usa/" id="menu-link-85">USA</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98975" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98975"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/venezuela/" id="menu-link-86">Venezuela</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98976" class="menu-parent-link menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98976"><a href="https://cpj.org/americas/" id="menu-link-87">All Americas</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-98977" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-98977"><a id="menu-link-88" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Asia</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-98978" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98978"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/afghanistan/" id="menu-link-89">Afghanistan</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98979" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98979"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/australia/" id="menu-link-90">Australia</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98980" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98980"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/bangladesh/" id="menu-link-91">Bangladesh</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98981" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98981"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/brunei/" id="menu-link-92">Brunei</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98982" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98982"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/cambodia/" id="menu-link-93">Cambodia</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98983" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98983"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/china/" id="menu-link-94">China</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98984" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98984"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/east-timor/" id="menu-link-95">East Timor</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98985" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98985"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/fiji/" id="menu-link-96">Fiji</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98986" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98986"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/french-polynesia/" id="menu-link-97">French Polynesia</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98987" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98987"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/india/" id="menu-link-98">India</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98988" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98988"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/indonesia/" id="menu-link-99">Indonesia</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98989" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98989"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/japan/" id="menu-link-100">Japan</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98990" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98990"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/laos/" id="menu-link-101">Laos</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98991" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98991"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/malaysia/" id="menu-link-102">Malaysia</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98992" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98992"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/maldives/" id="menu-link-103">Maldives</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98993" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98993"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/mongolia/" id="menu-link-104">Mongolia</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98994" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98994"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/myanmar/" id="menu-link-105">Myanmar</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98995" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98995"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/nauru/" id="menu-link-106">Nauru</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98996" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98996"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/nepal/" id="menu-link-107">Nepal</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98997" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98997"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/new-zealand/" id="menu-link-108">New Zealand</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98998" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98998"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/north-korea/" id="menu-link-109">North Korea</a></li> <li id="menu-item-98999" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98999"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/pakistan/" id="menu-link-110">Pakistan</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99000" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99000"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/papua-new-guinea/" id="menu-link-111">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99001" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99001"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/philippines/" id="menu-link-112">Philippines</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99002" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99002"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/singapore/" id="menu-link-113">Singapore</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99003" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99003"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/solomon-islands/" id="menu-link-114">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99004" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99004"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/south-korea/" id="menu-link-115">South Korea</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99005" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99005"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/sri-lanka/" id="menu-link-116">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99006" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99006"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/taiwan/" id="menu-link-117">Taiwan</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99007" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99007"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/thailand/" id="menu-link-118">Thailand</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99008" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99008"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/tonga/" id="menu-link-119">Tonga</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99009" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99009"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/vietnam/" id="menu-link-120">Vietnam</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99010" class="menu-parent-link menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99010"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/" id="menu-link-121">All Asia</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-99011" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-99011"><a id="menu-link-122" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Europe & Central Asia</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-99012" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99012"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/albania/" id="menu-link-123">Albania</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99013" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99013"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/armenia/" id="menu-link-124">Armenia</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99014" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99014"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/austria/" id="menu-link-125">Austria</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99015" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99015"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/azerbaijan/" id="menu-link-126">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99016" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99016"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/belarus/" id="menu-link-127">Belarus</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99017" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99017"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/belgium/" id="menu-link-128">Belgium</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99018" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99018"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/bosnia/" id="menu-link-129">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99019" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99019"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/bulgaria/" id="menu-link-130">Bulgaria</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99020" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99020"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/chechnya/" id="menu-link-131">Chechnya</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99021" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99021"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/croatia/" id="menu-link-132">Croatia</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99022" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99022"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/cyprus/" id="menu-link-133">Cyprus</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99023" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99023"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/czech-republic/" id="menu-link-134">Czech Republic</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99024" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99024"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/denmark/" id="menu-link-135">Denmark</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99025" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99025"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/finland/" id="menu-link-136">Finland</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99026" class="menu-item 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href="https://cpj.org/americas/" id="menu-link-310">All Americas</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-98977"><a id="menu-link-311" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Asia</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98978"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/afghanistan/" id="menu-link-312">Afghanistan</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98979"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/australia/" id="menu-link-313">Australia</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98980"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/bangladesh/" id="menu-link-314">Bangladesh</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98981"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/brunei/" id="menu-link-315">Brunei</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98982"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/cambodia/" id="menu-link-316">Cambodia</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98983"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/china/" id="menu-link-317">China</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98984"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/east-timor/" id="menu-link-318">East Timor</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98985"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/fiji/" id="menu-link-319">Fiji</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98986"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/french-polynesia/" id="menu-link-320">French Polynesia</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98987"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/india/" id="menu-link-321">India</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98988"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/indonesia/" id="menu-link-322">Indonesia</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98989"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/japan/" id="menu-link-323">Japan</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98990"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/laos/" id="menu-link-324">Laos</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98991"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/malaysia/" id="menu-link-325">Malaysia</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98992"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/maldives/" id="menu-link-326">Maldives</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98993"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/mongolia/" id="menu-link-327">Mongolia</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98994"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/myanmar/" id="menu-link-328">Myanmar</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98995"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/nauru/" id="menu-link-329">Nauru</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98996"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/nepal/" id="menu-link-330">Nepal</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98997"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/new-zealand/" id="menu-link-331">New Zealand</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98998"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/north-korea/" id="menu-link-332">North Korea</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-98999"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/pakistan/" id="menu-link-333">Pakistan</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99000"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/papua-new-guinea/" id="menu-link-334">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99001"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/philippines/" id="menu-link-335">Philippines</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99002"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/singapore/" id="menu-link-336">Singapore</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99003"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/solomon-islands/" id="menu-link-337">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99004"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/south-korea/" id="menu-link-338">South Korea</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99005"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/sri-lanka/" id="menu-link-339">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99006"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/taiwan/" id="menu-link-340">Taiwan</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99007"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/thailand/" id="menu-link-341">Thailand</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99008"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/tonga/" id="menu-link-342">Tonga</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99009"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/vietnam/" id="menu-link-343">Vietnam</a></li> <li class="menu-parent-link menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99010"><a href="https://cpj.org/asia/" id="menu-link-344">All Asia</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-99011"><a id="menu-link-345" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Europe & Central Asia</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99012"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/albania/" id="menu-link-346">Albania</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99013"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/armenia/" id="menu-link-347">Armenia</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99014"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/austria/" id="menu-link-348">Austria</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99015"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/azerbaijan/" id="menu-link-349">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99016"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/belarus/" id="menu-link-350">Belarus</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99017"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/belgium/" id="menu-link-351">Belgium</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99018"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/bosnia/" id="menu-link-352">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99019"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/bulgaria/" id="menu-link-353">Bulgaria</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99020"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/chechnya/" id="menu-link-354">Chechnya</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99021"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/croatia/" id="menu-link-355">Croatia</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99022"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/cyprus/" id="menu-link-356">Cyprus</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99023"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/czech-republic/" id="menu-link-357">Czech Republic</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99024"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/denmark/" id="menu-link-358">Denmark</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99025"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/finland/" id="menu-link-359">Finland</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99026"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/france/" id="menu-link-360">France</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99027"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/georgia/" id="menu-link-361">Georgia</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99028"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/germany/" id="menu-link-362">Germany</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99029"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/greece/" id="menu-link-363">Greece</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99030"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/hungary/" id="menu-link-364">Hungary</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99031"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/ireland/" id="menu-link-365">Ireland</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99032"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/italy/" id="menu-link-366">Italy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99033"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/kazakhstan/" id="menu-link-367">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99034"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/kosovo/" id="menu-link-368">Kosovo</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99035"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/kyrgyzstan/" id="menu-link-369">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99036"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/latvia/" id="menu-link-370">Latvia</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99037"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/lithuania/" id="menu-link-371">Lithuania</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99038"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/luxembourg/" id="menu-link-372">Luxembourg</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99039"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/macedonia/" id="menu-link-373">Macedonia</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99040"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/malta/" id="menu-link-374">Malta</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99041"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/moldova/" id="menu-link-375">Moldova</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99042"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/montenegro/" id="menu-link-376">Montenegro</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99043"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/netherlands/" id="menu-link-377">Netherlands</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99044"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/north-macedonia/" id="menu-link-378">North Macedonia</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99045"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/norway/" id="menu-link-379">Norway</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99046"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/poland/" id="menu-link-380">Poland</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99047"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/portugal/" id="menu-link-381">Portugal</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99048"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/romania/" id="menu-link-382">Romania</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99049"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/russia/" id="menu-link-383">Russia</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99050"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/serbia/" id="menu-link-384">Serbia</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99051"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/slovakia/" id="menu-link-385">Slovakia</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99052"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/slovenia/" id="menu-link-386">Slovenia</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99053"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/south-ossetia/" id="menu-link-387">South Ossetia</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99054"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/spain/" id="menu-link-388">Spain</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99055"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/sweden/" id="menu-link-389">Sweden</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99056"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/switzerland/" id="menu-link-390">Switzerland</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99057"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/tajikistan/" id="menu-link-391">Tajikistan</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99058"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/turkey/" id="menu-link-392">Turkey</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99059"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/turkmenistan/" id="menu-link-393">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99060"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/uk/" id="menu-link-394">UK</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99061"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/ukraine/" id="menu-link-395">Ukraine</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99062"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/uzbekistan/" id="menu-link-396">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99063"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/vatican-city/" id="menu-link-397">Vatican City</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99064"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/yugoslavia/" id="menu-link-398">Yugoslavia</a></li> <li class="menu-parent-link menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99065"><a href="https://cpj.org/europe/" id="menu-link-399">All Europe & Central Asia</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-99066"><a id="menu-link-400" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Middle East & North Africa</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99067"><a href="https://cpj.org/mideast/algeria/" id="menu-link-401">Algeria</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99068"><a href="https://cpj.org/mideast/bahrain/" id="menu-link-402">Bahrain</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99070"><a href="https://cpj.org/mideast/egypt/" id="menu-link-403">Egypt</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99071"><a href="https://cpj.org/mideast/iran/" id="menu-link-404">Iran</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99072"><a href="https://cpj.org/mideast/iraq/" id="menu-link-405">Iraq</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99073"><a href="https://cpj.org/mideast/israel-and-the-occupied-palestinian-territory/" id="menu-link-406">Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99074"><a href="https://cpj.org/mideast/jordan/" id="menu-link-407">Jordan</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99075"><a href="https://cpj.org/mideast/kuwait/" id="menu-link-408">Kuwait</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99076"><a href="https://cpj.org/mideast/lebanon/" id="menu-link-409">Lebanon</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99077"><a href="https://cpj.org/mideast/libya/" id="menu-link-410">Libya</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99078"><a href="https://cpj.org/mideast/mauritania/" id="menu-link-411">Mauritania</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99079"><a href="https://cpj.org/mideast/morocco/" id="menu-link-412">Morocco</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99080"><a href="https://cpj.org/mideast/oman/" id="menu-link-413">Oman</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99081"><a href="https://cpj.org/mideast/qatar/" id="menu-link-414">Qatar</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99082"><a href="https://cpj.org/mideast/saudi-arabia/" id="menu-link-415">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99083"><a href="https://cpj.org/mideast/sudan/" id="menu-link-416">Sudan</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99084"><a href="https://cpj.org/mideast/syria/" id="menu-link-417">Syria</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99085"><a href="https://cpj.org/mideast/tunisia/" id="menu-link-418">Tunisia</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99086"><a href="https://cpj.org/mideast/uae/" id="menu-link-419">UAE</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99087"><a href="https://cpj.org/mideast/yemen/" id="menu-link-420">Yemen</a></li> <li class="menu-parent-link menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-location menu-item-99088"><a href="https://cpj.org/mideast/" id="menu-link-421">All Middle East & North Africa</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-98869"><a id="menu-link-422" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Data</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-98870"><a id="menu-link-423" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Journalists Killed</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-98871"><a href="/data/killed/" id="menu-link-424">Killed in 2025</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-98872"><a href="/data/killed/all/" id="menu-link-425">Killed since 1992</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-98873"><a href="#" id="menu-link-426" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Journalists Imprisoned</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-345308"><a href="/?p=445451" id="menu-link-427">Imprisoned in 2024</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-345309"><a href="/data/?status=Imprisoned&start_year=1992&group_by=year" id="menu-link-428">Imprisoned since 1992</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-98874"><a href="/data/missing" id="menu-link-429">Missing Journalists</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-98876"><a href="/data" id="menu-link-430">All Attacks on the Press</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-185938"><a href="https://cpj.org/data-methodology/" id="menu-link-431">Methodology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-98877"><a id="menu-link-432" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Safety Resources</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> 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</a></li> <li> <a href="https://cpj.org/data/killed/africa/madagascar"> Journalists Killed (motive confirmed and unconfirmed) </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div> <div class="archive-list "> <span class="form-inline"> <label for="year-nav" class="text-muted"> Madagascar documents by Year: </label> <select id="year-nav" onchange="document.location.href=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" tabindex="-1" class="form-control btn-full" size="1"> <option value='https://cpj.org/africa/madagascar/2020/'> 2020 </option> <option value='https://cpj.org/africa/madagascar/2019/'> 2019 </option> <option value='https://cpj.org/africa/madagascar/2010/'> 2010 </option> <option value='https://cpj.org/africa/madagascar/2009/'> 2009 </option> <option value='https://cpj.org/africa/madagascar/2008/'> 2008 </option> <option value='https://cpj.org/africa/madagascar/2005/'> 2005 </option> <option value='https://cpj.org/africa/madagascar/2003/'> 2003 </option> <option value='https://cpj.org/africa/madagascar/2002/'> 2002 </option> <option value='https://cpj.org/africa/madagascar/1999/'> 1999 </option> </select> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row cpj--inline-cols"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div id="37344" class="cpj--module cpj--module--article-preview full"> <div class="cpj--module--header"> <a href="https://cpj.org/news/" id="cpj--module--category--entryid37344" class="btn btn-primary cpj--module--category btn-lg">Alerts</a> </div> <figure class="cpj--module--media"> <a href="https://cpj.org/2020/04/madagascar-journalist-arphine-helisoa-jailed-on-fa/" title="Madagascar journalist Arphine Helisoa jailed on false news, incitement allegation"><img width="750" height="480" src="https://cpj.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/afp_madagascar_04-22-2020_rs.jpg?w=750&h=480&crop=1" class="attachment-cpj-large-cropped size-cpj-large-cropped wp-post-image" alt="Gendarmes are seen in Antananarivo, Magascar, on April 7, 2020. Madagascar authorities recently jailed journalist Arphine Helisoa on false news and incitement allegations. (AFP/Rijasolo)" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /></a> </figure> <div class="cpj--module--content"> <a href="https://cpj.org/2020/04/madagascar-journalist-arphine-helisoa-jailed-on-fa/" class="cpj--module--link" title="Madagascar journalist Arphine Helisoa jailed on false news, incitement allegation"></a> <h3>Madagascar journalist Arphine Helisoa jailed on false news, incitement allegation</h3> <p class="cpj--module--content--timestamp"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2020-04-22T14:18:44-04:00">April 22, 2020 2:18 PM EDT</time></p> <div class="article--preview"><p>New York, April 22, 2020 — Authorities in Madagascar should immediately release journalist Arphine Helisoa and halt the legal proceedings against her, the Committee to Protect Journalists said today.</p> </div> <p><a href="https://cpj.org/2020/04/madagascar-journalist-arphine-helisoa-jailed-on-fa/">Read More ›</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div id="35372" class="cpj--module cpj--module--article-preview "> <div class="cpj--module--header"> <a href="https://cpj.org/letters/" id="cpj--module--category--entryid35372" class="btn btn-primary cpj--module--category btn-lg">Letters</a> </div> <div class="cpj--module--content"> <a href="https://cpj.org/2019/08/cpj-calls-on-sadc-heads-of-state-to-prioritize-pre/" class="cpj--module--link" title="CPJ calls on SADC heads of state to prioritize press freedom and the safety of journalists"></a> <h3>CPJ calls on SADC heads of state to prioritize press freedom and the safety of journalists</h3> <p class="cpj--module--content--timestamp"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2019-08-16T12:32:35-04:00">August 16, 2019 12:32 PM EDT</time></p> <div class="article--preview"><p>CPJ writes to the executive secretary and heads of state of the Southern African Development Community ahead of the 39th Ordinary Summit, urging them to prioritize press freedom and the safety of journalists in SADC.</p> </div> <p><a href="https://cpj.org/2019/08/cpj-calls-on-sadc-heads-of-state-to-prioritize-pre/">Read More ›</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div id="14583" class="cpj--module cpj--module--article-preview full"> <div class="cpj--module--header"> <a href="https://cpj.org/features-and-analysis/" id="cpj--module--category--entryid14583" class="btn btn-primary cpj--module--category btn-lg">Features & Analysis</a> </div> <figure class="cpj--module--media"> <a href="https://cpj.org/2010/07/after-50-years-journalism-at-a-crossroads-in-madag/" title="After 50 years, journalism at a crossroads in Madagascar"><img width="190" height="212" src="https://cpj.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Lovo-1.jpg?w=190&h=212&crop=1" class="attachment-cpj-large-cropped size-cpj-large-cropped wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /></a> </figure> <div class="cpj--module--content"> <a href="https://cpj.org/2010/07/after-50-years-journalism-at-a-crossroads-in-madag/" class="cpj--module--link" title="After 50 years, journalism at a crossroads in Madagascar"></a> <h3>After 50 years, journalism at a crossroads in Madagascar</h3> <p class="cpj--module--content--timestamp"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2010-07-21T08:01:31-04:00">July 21, 2010 8:01 AM EDT</time></p> <div class="article--preview"><p>Madagascar recently celebrated its 50th Independence Day, a milestone for a Malagasy press that has been documenting through difficult periods the nation’s tumultuous journey of self-rule. The funny thing is that most of our written press is in French, as in most former French colonies, and we never really question why that is or find…</p> </div> <p><a href="https://cpj.org/2010/07/after-50-years-journalism-at-a-crossroads-in-madag/">Read More ›</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div id="14428" class="cpj--module cpj--module--article-preview "> <div class="cpj--module--header"> <a href="https://cpj.org/letters/" id="cpj--module--category--entryid14428" class="btn btn-primary cpj--module--category btn-lg">Letters</a> </div> <div class="cpj--module--content"> <a href="https://cpj.org/2010/07/cpj-and-african-groups-urge-renewed-press-freedom/" class="cpj--module--link" title="CPJ, African groups call for press freedom commitment"></a> <h3>CPJ, African groups call for press freedom commitment</h3> <p class="cpj--module--content--timestamp"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2010-07-08T11:20:47-04:00">July 8, 2010 11:20 AM EDT</time></p> <div class="article--preview"><p>Your Excellencies: As you gather in Paris for festivities that celebrate your nations’ 50 years of independence, we, the undersigned African press freedom advocates petition for your public commitment to a free, vibrant, and self-sustaining press as a cornerstone of the development of francophone Africa in the next five decades.</p> </div> <p><a href="https://cpj.org/2010/07/cpj-and-african-groups-urge-renewed-press-freedom/">Read More ›</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div id="14169" class="cpj--module cpj--module--article-preview "> <div class="cpj--module--header"> <a href="https://cpj.org/news/" id="cpj--module--category--entryid14169" class="btn btn-primary cpj--module--category btn-lg">Alerts</a> </div> <div class="cpj--module--content"> <a href="https://cpj.org/2010/05/soldiers-raid-madagascar-radio-station-assault-sta/" class="cpj--module--link" title="Soldiers raid Madagascar radio station, assault staff"></a> <h3>Soldiers raid Madagascar radio station, assault staff</h3> <p class="cpj--module--content--timestamp"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2010-05-18T17:41:50-04:00">May 18, 2010 5:41 PM EDT</time></p> <div class="article--preview"><p>New York, May 18, 2010—The Committee to Protect Journalists calls on the government of Madagascar to investigate a Saturday raid on the opposition radio station Fréquence Plus that resulted in the arrest of an opposition leader while he was on a live radio program, local journalists told CPJ. The soldiers injured three journalists and destroyed the…</p> </div> <p><a href="https://cpj.org/2010/05/soldiers-raid-madagascar-radio-station-assault-sta/">Read More ›</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div id="13053" class="cpj--module cpj--module--article-preview "> <div class="cpj--module--header"> <a href="https://cpj.org/attacks/" id="cpj--module--category--entryid13053" class="btn btn-primary cpj--module--category btn-lg">Attacks On The Press</a> </div> <div class="cpj--module--content"> <a href="https://cpj.org/2010/02/attacks-on-the-press-2009-madagascar/" class="cpj--module--link" title="Attacks on the Press 2009: Madagascar"></a> <h3>Attacks on the Press 2009: Madagascar</h3> <p class="cpj--module--content--timestamp"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2010-02-16T00:28:00-05:00">February 16, 2010 12:28 AM EST</time></p> <div class="article--preview"><p>Top Developments• Rival leaders use media empires to pursue political goals.• Partisan attacks target journalists, news outlets. Key Statistic 1: Journalist killed in 2009, the first Malagasy media fatality ever recorded by CPJ. Malagasy journalists faced censorship, threats, and arrest as former president Marc Ravalomanana and new head of state Andry Rajoelina used their partisan…</p> </div> <p><a href="https://cpj.org/2010/02/attacks-on-the-press-2009-madagascar/">Read More ›</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div id="13167" class="cpj--module cpj--module--article-preview full"> <div class="cpj--module--header"> <a href="https://cpj.org/reports/" id="cpj--module--category--entryid13167" class="btn btn-primary cpj--module--category btn-lg">Reports</a> </div> <figure class="cpj--module--media"> <a href="https://cpj.org/reports/2009/12/journalist-deaths-2009-record-toll-philippines-somalia/" title="Philippines, Somalia fuel record death toll"><img width="250" height="375" src="https://cpj.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/Rally.06.Speak_.Up_.cpj_-1.jpg?w=250&h=375&crop=1" class="attachment-cpj-large-cropped size-cpj-large-cropped wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://cpj.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/Rally.06.Speak_.Up_.cpj_-1.jpg 250w, https://cpj.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/Rally.06.Speak_.Up_.cpj_-1.jpg?resize=200,300 200w" sizes="(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px" /></a> </figure> <div class="cpj--module--content"> <a href="https://cpj.org/reports/2009/12/journalist-deaths-2009-record-toll-philippines-somalia/" class="cpj--module--link" title="Philippines, Somalia fuel record death toll"></a> <h3>Philippines, Somalia fuel record death toll</h3> <p class="cpj--module--content--timestamp"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2009-12-17T00:01:15-05:00">December 17, 2009 12:01 AM EST</time></p> <div class="article--preview"><p>CPJ survey finds at least 68 journalists killed in 2009 New York, December 17, 2009—At least 68 journalists worldwide were killed for their work in 2009, the highest yearly tally ever documented by the Committee to Protect Journalists, the organization said in its year-end analysis. The record toll was driven in large part by the…</p> </div> <p><a href="https://cpj.org/reports/2009/12/journalist-deaths-2009-record-toll-philippines-somalia/">Read More ›</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div id="12441" class="cpj--module cpj--module--article-preview full"> <div class="cpj--module--header"> <a href="https://cpj.org/features-and-analysis/" id="cpj--module--category--entryid12441" class="btn btn-primary cpj--module--category btn-lg">Features & Analysis</a> </div> <figure class="cpj--module--media"> <a href="https://cpj.org/2009/07/in-madagascar-media-torn-along-partisan-lines/" title="In Madagascar, media torn along partisan lines"><img width="300" height="199" src="https://cpj.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/madagascar20newspapers20feb205.afp_.jpg?w=300&h=199&crop=1" class="attachment-cpj-large-cropped size-cpj-large-cropped wp-post-image" alt="Madagascar's political crisis has led to public distrust of the media. (AFP)" decoding="async" loading="lazy" /></a> </figure> <div class="cpj--module--content"> <a href="https://cpj.org/2009/07/in-madagascar-media-torn-along-partisan-lines/" class="cpj--module--link" title="In Madagascar, media torn along partisan lines"></a> <h3>In Madagascar, media torn along partisan lines</h3> <p class="cpj--module--content--timestamp"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2009-07-29T10:51:29-04:00">July 29, 2009 10:51 AM EDT</time></p> <div class="article--preview"><p>“Are you sure about coming back here now?” My cousin in Antananarivo was a bit hesitant about the wisdom of my plan to visit the family while the political crisis was still weighing on the daily lives of Malagasy citizens. I had not been back to my home country in nine years until this summer.…</p> </div> <p><a href="https://cpj.org/2009/07/in-madagascar-media-torn-along-partisan-lines/">Read More ›</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div id="12068" class="cpj--module cpj--module--article-preview full"> <div class="cpj--module--header"> <a href="https://cpj.org/features-and-analysis/" id="cpj--module--category--entryid12068" class="btn btn-primary cpj--module--category btn-lg">Features & Analysis</a> </div> <figure class="cpj--module--media"> <a href="https://cpj.org/2009/05/amid-political-tumult-jailing-draws-protest-in-mad/" title="Amid political tumult, jailing draws protest in Madagascar"><img width="425" height="181" src="https://cpj.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/Madagascar.05.18.09.cpj_.jpg?w=425&h=181&crop=1" class="attachment-cpj-large-cropped size-cpj-large-cropped wp-post-image" alt="Madatimes" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://cpj.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/Madagascar.05.18.09.cpj_.jpg 425w, https://cpj.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/Madagascar.05.18.09.cpj_.jpg?resize=300,128 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px" /></a> </figure> <div class="cpj--module--content"> <a href="https://cpj.org/2009/05/amid-political-tumult-jailing-draws-protest-in-mad/" class="cpj--module--link" title="Amid political tumult, jailing draws protest in Madagascar"></a> <h3>Amid political tumult, jailing draws protest in Madagascar</h3> <p class="cpj--module--content--timestamp"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2009-05-18T17:26:35-04:00">May 18, 2009 5:26 PM EDT</time></p> <div class="article--preview"><p>In Madagascar, dozens of journalists took to the streets of the capital, Antananarivo, to protest the imprisonment of radio presenter Evariste Ramanatsoavina, held since May 4. Ramanatsoavina, a presenter with Radio Mada, a now-banned station owned by ousted president Marc Ravalomanana, faces charges in connection with the station’s political commentary. The case illustrates the volatile…</p> </div> <p><a href="https://cpj.org/2009/05/amid-political-tumult-jailing-draws-protest-in-mad/">Read More ›</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div id="11721" class="cpj--module cpj--module--article-preview "> <div class="cpj--module--header"> <a href="https://cpj.org/news/" id="cpj--module--category--entryid11721" class="btn btn-primary cpj--module--category btn-lg">Alerts</a> </div> <div class="cpj--module--content"> <a href="https://cpj.org/2009/03/madagascar-media-outlets-raided-during-political-c/" class="cpj--module--link" title="Madagascar media outlets raided during political crisis"></a> <h3>Madagascar media outlets raided during political crisis</h3> <p class="cpj--module--content--timestamp"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2009-03-10T16:17:17-04:00">March 10, 2009 4:17 PM EDT</time></p> <div class="article--preview"><p>New York, March 10, 2009–The Committee to Protect Journalists condemns Saturday’s ransacking of a TV and radio broadcaster by security forces in the Indian Ocean island of Madagascar. The raid was part of ongoing government efforts to censor independent media coverage of political unrest, stemming from a bitter power struggle between opposition leader Andry Rajoelina…</p> </div> <p><a href="https://cpj.org/2009/03/madagascar-media-outlets-raided-during-political-c/">Read More ›</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /.row --> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="archive-navigation"> <a href="https://cpj.org/africa/madagascar/page/2/" class="more-category-news" > More documents on Madagascar › </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="archive-list "> <span class="form-inline"> <label for="year-nav" class="text-muted"> Madagascar documents by Year: </label> <select id="year-nav" onchange="document.location.href=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" tabindex="-1" class="form-control btn-full" size="1"> <option value='https://cpj.org/africa/madagascar/2020/'> 2020 </option> <option value='https://cpj.org/africa/madagascar/2019/'> 2019 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