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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0nega_(n%C3%A0utica)" title="Mànega (nàutica) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mànega (nàutica)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breite_%C3%BCber_alles" title="Breite über alles – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Breite über alles" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manga_(n%C3%A1utica)" title="Manga (náutica) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Manga (náutica)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errun_(nautika)" title="Errun (nautika) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errun (nautika)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1_(%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="تیر (دریانوردی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تیر (دریانوردی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C3%AEtre-bau" title="Maître-bau – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maître-bau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manga_(n%C3%A1utica)" title="Manga (náutica) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Manga (náutica)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lintang_kapal" title="Lintang kapal – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lintang kapal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larghezza_massima_di_una_nave" title="Larghezza massima di una nave – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Larghezza massima di una nave" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A9less%C3%A9g_(haj%C3%B3)" title="Szélesség (hajó) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szélesség (hajó)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheepsbreedte" title="Scheepsbreedte – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Scheepsbreedte" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekksbredde" title="Dekksbredde – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dekksbredde" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE_(%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2)" title="ਬੀਮ (ਨੌਟੀਕਲ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੀਮ (ਨੌਟੀਕਲ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szeroko%C5%9B%C4%87_ca%C5%82kowita" title="Szerokość całkowita – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szerokość całkowita" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ship_length_measurements.svg/300px-Ship_length_measurements.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ship_length_measurements.svg/450px-Ship_length_measurements.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ship_length_measurements.svg/600px-Ship_length_measurements.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="587" /></a><figcaption>Graphical representation of the dimensions used to describe a ship. Dimension "b" is the <b>beam at waterline</b>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>beam</b> of a ship is its width at its widest point. The <b>maximum beam</b> (B<sub>MAX</sub>) is the distance between planes passing through the outer sides of the ship, <b>beam of the hull</b> (B<sub>H</sub>) only includes permanently fixed parts of the <a href="/wiki/Hull_(watercraft)" title="Hull (watercraft)">hull</a>, and <b>beam at waterline</b> (B<sub>WL</sub>) is the maximum width where the hull intersects the surface of the water.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Generally speaking, the wider the beam of a ship (or boat), the more <a href="/wiki/Initial_stability" title="Initial stability">initial stability</a> it has, at the expense of <a href="/wiki/Secondary_stability" title="Secondary stability">secondary stability</a> in the event of a <a href="/wiki/Capsizing" title="Capsizing">capsize</a>, where more energy is required to right the vessel from its inverted position. A ship that <a href="/wiki/Heeling_(sailing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heeling (sailing)">heels</a> on her <i>beam ends</i> has her deck beams nearly vertical.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Typical_values">Typical values</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beam_(nautical)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Typical values"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Typical length-to-beam ratios (<a href="/wiki/Aspect_ratio" title="Aspect ratio">aspect ratios</a>) for small sailboats are from 2:1 (dinghies to trailerable sailboats around 20 ft or 6 m) to 5:1 (racing sailboats over 30 ft or 10 m). </p><p>Large ships have widely varying beam ratios, some as large as 20:1. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Racing_shell" title="Racing shell">Rowing shells</a> designed for flatwater racing may have length to beam ratios as high as 30:1,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while a <a href="/wiki/Coracle" title="Coracle">coracle</a> has a ratio of almost 1:1 – it is nearly circular. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rule_of_thumb_-_formula">Rule of thumb - formula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beam_(nautical)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rule of thumb - formula"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Beam_(nautical)" title="Special:EditPage/Beam (nautical)">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="1) Why? 2) Which beam? The maximum beam? 3) So every boat of lenth L have the same beam? (January 2021)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The beam of many monohull vessels can be calculated using the following formula: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Beam=LOA^{\frac {2}{3}}+1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mi>O</mi> <msup> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Beam=LOA^{\frac {2}{3}}+1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f3250a679e10d11cdc8c8093e313312ecf57bed7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:20.054ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Beam=LOA^{\frac {2}{3}}+1}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Where LOA is Length OverAll and all lengths are in feet. </p><p>Some examples: </p> <ul><li>For a standard 27 ft (8.2 m) yacht: the cube root of 27 is 3, 3 squared is 9 plus 1 = 10. The beam of many 27 ft monohulls is 10 ft (3.05 m).</li> <li>For a <a href="/wiki/Volvo_Open_70" title="Volvo Open 70">Volvo Open 70</a> yacht: 70.5 to the power of 2/3 = 17 plus 1 = 18. The beam is often around 18 ft (5.5 m).</li> <li>For a 741 ft (226 m) long ship: the cube root is 9, and 9 squared is 81, plus 1. The beam will usually be around 82 ft (25 m), e.g. <a href="/wiki/Seawaymax" title="Seawaymax">Seawaymax</a>.</li></ul> <p>As catamarans have more than one hull, there is a different beam calculation for this kind of vessel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="BOC">BOC</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beam_(nautical)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: BOC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BOC stands for Beam On Centerline. This term in typically used in conjunction with LOA (Length overall). The ratio of LOA/BOC is used to estimate the stability of multihull vessels. The lower the ratio the greater the boat's stability. </p><p>The BOC for vessels is measured as follows: For a catamaran: the perpendicular distance from the centerline of one hull to the centerline of the other hull, measured at deck level. For a trimaran: the perpendicular distance between the centerline of the main hull and the centerline of either ama, measured at deck level </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_beams">Other beams</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beam_(nautical)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other beams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/beam_(nautical)" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/beam (nautical)">beam (nautical)</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p>Other meanings of 'beam' in the nautical context are: </p> <ul><li><b>Beam</b> – a timber similar in use to a floor joist, which runs horizontally from one side of the hull to the other athwartships.</li> <li><b>Carlin</b> – similar to a beam, except running in a fore and aft direction.</li> <li><b>Beam</b> – the direction across the vessel, perpendicular to fore-and-aft; something lying in that direction is said to be <i>abeam</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beam_(nautical)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8666:ed-2:v1:en">"ISO 8666:2016"</a>. <i>International Organization for Standardization</i>. July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Organization+for+Standardization&rft.atitle=ISO+8666%3A2016&rft.date=2016-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fobp%2Fui%2F%23iso%3Astd%3Aiso%3A8666%3Aed-2%3Av1%3Aen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeam+%28nautical%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/beam-ends">"Definition of BEAM-ENDS"</a>. <i>www.merriam-webster.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+BEAM-ENDS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fbeam-ends&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeam+%28nautical%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629162315/http://www.sciencenews.org/pages/sn_arc99/7_17_99/mathland.htm">"Science News Online: Ivars Peterson's MathTrek (7/17/99): Row Your Boat"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencenews.org/pages/sn_arc99/7_17_99/mathland.htm">the original</a> on 2011-06-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Science+News+Online%3A+Ivars+Peterson%27s+MathTrek+%287%2F17%2F99%29%3A+Row+Your+Boat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencenews.org%2Fpages%2Fsn_arc99%2F7_17_99%2Fmathland.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeam+%28nautical%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beam_(nautical)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaylerKeever,_John_M.2003" class="citation book cs1">Hayler, William B.; Keever, John M. (2003). <i>American Merchant Seaman's Manual</i>. Cornell Maritime Pr. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87033-549-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87033-549-9"><bdi>0-87033-549-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Merchant+Seaman%27s+Manual&rft.pub=Cornell+Maritime+Pr&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-87033-549-9&rft.aulast=Hayler&rft.aufirst=William+B.&rft.au=Keever%2C+John+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeam+%28nautical%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurpinMcEwen,_William_A.1980" class="citation book cs1">Turpin, Edward A.; McEwen, William A. (1980). <i>Merchant Marine Officers' Handbook</i> (4th ed.). Centreville, MD: Cornell Maritime Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87033-056-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87033-056-X"><bdi>0-87033-056-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merchant+Marine+Officers%27+Handbook&rft.place=Centreville%2C+MD&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Cornell+Maritime+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-87033-056-X&rft.aulast=Turpin&rft.aufirst=Edward+A.&rft.au=McEwen%2C+William+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeam+%28nautical%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Ship_measurements" title="Template:Ship measurements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ship_measurements" title="Template talk:Ship measurements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ship_measurements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ship measurements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ship_measurements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ship_measurements" title="Ship measurements">Ship measurements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Length</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Length_overall" title="Length overall">Length overall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Length_between_perpendiculars" title="Length between perpendiculars">Length between perpendiculars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterline_length" title="Waterline length">Length at the waterline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breadth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Beam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Depth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draft_(hull)" title="Draft (hull)">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_(watercraft)#Metrics" title="Hull (watercraft)">Moulded depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeboard_(nautical)" title="Freeboard (nautical)">Freeboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Load_line_(watercraft)" title="Load line (watercraft)">Load line (Plimsoll Line)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under_keel_clearance" title="Under keel clearance">Under keel clearance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Height</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_draft" title="Air draft">Air draft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Volume</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Worldwide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tonnage" title="Tonnage">Tonnage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_tonnage" title="Gross tonnage">Gross tonnage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compensated_gross_tonnage" title="Compensated gross tonnage">Compensated gross tonnage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_tonnage" title="Net tonnage">Net tonnage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Specialized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal/Universal Measurement System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_Measurement" title="Thames Measurement">Thames measurement tonnage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Archaic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">Gross register tonnage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_register_tonnage" title="Net register tonnage">Net register tonnage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capacity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deadweight_tonnage" title="Deadweight tonnage">Deadweight tonnage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit" title="Twenty-foot equivalent unit">Twenty-foot equivalent unit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Intermodal_container" title="Intermodal container">Intermodal containers</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Archaic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Builder%27s_Old_Measurement" title="Builder's Old Measurement">Builder's Old Measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorsom_System" title="Moorsom System">Moorsom System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weight</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)" title="Displacement (ship)">Displacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)#Loaded_displacement" title="Displacement (ship)">Loaded displacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)#Standard_displacement" title="Displacement (ship)">Standard displacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)#Light_displacement" title="Displacement (ship)">Light displacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)#Normal_displacement" title="Displacement (ship)">Normal displacement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stability</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inclining_test" title="Inclining test">Inclining test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angle_of_list" title="Angle of list">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angle_of_loll" title="Angle of loll">Angle of loll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacentric_height" title="Metacentric height">Metacentric height (GM)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cargo_ship#Size_categories" title="Cargo ship">Limits</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aframax" title="Aframax">Aframax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimax" title="Baltimax">Baltimax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capesize" title="Capesize">Capesize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinamax" title="Chinamax">Chinamax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handymax" title="Handymax">Handymax/Supramax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handysize" title="Handysize">Handysize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaccamax" title="Malaccamax">Malaccamax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamax" title="Panamax">Panamax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panamax#Neopanamax" title="Panamax">§ Neopanamax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9niche_(barge)" title="Péniche (barge)">Péniche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-Max" title="Q-Max">Q-Max</a> (Qatar-max)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seawaymax" title="Seawaymax">Seawaymax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suezmax" title="Suezmax">Suezmax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_tanker#Size_categories" title="Oil tanker">VLCC and ULCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamalmax" 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