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href="#Òbra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Òbra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Òbra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Òbras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Òbras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Òbras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Òbras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annèxes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annèxes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Annèxes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Annèxes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Annèxes</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Annèxes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Article_connèxe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Article_connèxe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Article connèxe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Article_connèxe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligams_extèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligams_extèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Ligams extèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligams_extèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Guilhèm Tomas Rainal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 20 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume-Thomas_Raynal" title="Guillaume-Thomas Raynal - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Guillaume-Thomas Raynal" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84" title="جويلاوم توماس فرانسوا راينال - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جويلاوم توماس فرانسوا راينال" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Thomas_Fran%C3%A7ois_Raynal" title="Guillaume Thomas François Raynal - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Guillaume Thomas François Raynal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Thomas_Fran%C3%A7ois_Raynal" title="Guillaume Thomas François Raynal - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Guillaume Thomas François Raynal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Thomas_Fran%C3%A7ois_Raynal" title="Guillaume Thomas François Raynal - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Guillaume Thomas François Raynal" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume-Thomas_Raynal" title="Guillaume-Thomas Raynal - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guillaume-Thomas Raynal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume-Thomas_Raynal" title="Guillaume-Thomas Raynal - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Guillaume-Thomas Raynal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Thomas_Raynal" title="Guillaume Thomas Raynal - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Guillaume Thomas Raynal" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume-Thomas_Raynal" title="Guillaume-Thomas Raynal - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guillaume-Thomas Raynal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9C" title="גיום תומא פרנסואה רנאל - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גיום תומא פרנסואה רנאל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume-Thomas_Raynal" title="Guillaume-Thomas Raynal - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Guillaume-Thomas Raynal" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AB%D5%B5%D5%B8%D5%B4_%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AC" title="Գիյոմ Ռեյնալ - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գիյոմ Ռեյնալ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume-Thomas_Fran%C3%A7ois_Raynal" title="Guillaume-Thomas François Raynal - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guillaume-Thomas François Raynal" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulielmus_Thomas_Raynal" title="Gulielmus Thomas Raynal - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gulielmus Thomas Raynal" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume-Thomas_Fran%C3%A7ois_Raynal" title="Guillaume-Thomas François Raynal - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Guillaume-Thomas François Raynal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume-Thomas_Raynal" title="Guillaume-Thomas Raynal - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Guillaume-Thomas Raynal" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Raynal" title="Guillaume Raynal - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Guillaume Raynal" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume-Thomas_Raynal" title="Guillaume-Thomas Raynal - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guillaume-Thomas Raynal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Рейналь, Гийом Тома - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рейналь, Гийом Тома" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume-Thomas_Raynal" title="Guillaume-Thomas Raynal - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Guillaume-Thomas Raynal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q727782#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificar los ligams interlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modificar los ligams</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacis de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Guilh%C3%A8m_Tomas_Rainal" title="Veire l’article [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discutir:Guilh%C3%A8m_Tomas_Rainal&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion a prepaus d'aquesta pagina (la pagina existís pas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">occitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichatges"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Guilh%C3%A8m_Tomas_Rainal"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_Tomas_Rainal&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_Tomas_Rainal&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_Tomas_Rainal&action=history" title="Los autors e versions precedentas d'aquesta pagina. 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2444490">.mw-parser-output .infobox{background:#f9f9f9;color:#000;font-size:90%;line-height:1.6em;float:right;clear:right;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;width:23.7em;border:1px solid #c2c2c1;border-spacing:5px}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:super;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #c2c2c1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #e7e7e7}}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output 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.mergedbottomrow,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedbottomrow{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-text{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style> <table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:3.8px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #3357B9; color: #FFF;">Guilhèm Tomas Rainal</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:Error mw:File"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=oc&wpDestFile=File:Histoire_philosophique_et_politique_des_%C3%A9tablissemens_et_du_commerce_des_Europ%C3%A9ens_dans_les_deux_Indes_(1780)_(14777190352).jpg" class="new" title="Fichièr:File:Histoire philosophique et politique des établissemens et du commerce des Européens dans les deux Indes (1780) (14777190352).jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="260">File:Histoire_philosophique_et_politique_des_établissemens_et_du_commerce_des_Européens_dans_les_deux_Indes_(1780)_(14777190352).jpg</span></a></span> </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Naissença</th><td class="" style="">1713, <a href="/wiki/La_Panosa_(Canton_de_Severac)" title="La Panosa (Canton de Severac)">La Panosa (Canton de Severac)</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Decès</th><td class="" style="">1796, Passy <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="París">París</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Ocupacion</th><td class="" style="">escrivan, pensaire e preire.</td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #AAAAAA solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_Tomas_Rainal&action=edit&section=0"><span style="color:#555;">modificar</span></a></span> <span title="Consultatz la documentacion del modèl"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8l:Infodoc" title="Consultatz la documentacion del modèl"><img alt="Consultatz la documentacion del modèl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Guilhèm Tomàs Francés Rainal</b>, nascut a <a href="/wiki/La_Panosa_(Canton_de_Severac)" title="La Panosa (Canton de Severac)">La Panosa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Avairon_(departament)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avairon (departament)">Avairon</a>) lo <a href="/wiki/12_d%27abril" title="12 d'abril">12 d'abril</a> de <a href="/wiki/1713" class="mw-redirect" title="1713">1713</a> e mòrt a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Passy_(S%C3%A8ina)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passy (Sèina) (la pagina existís pas)">Passy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="París">París</a>) e <a href="/wiki/6_de_mar%C3%A7" title="6 de març">6 de març</a> de <a href="/wiki/1796" class="mw-redirect" title="1796">1796</a>, foguèt un <a href="/wiki/Escrivan" title="Escrivan">escrivan</a> de <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">lenga francesa</a>, pensaire e preire. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_Tomas_Rainal&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_Tomas_Rainal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Biografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rainal ven, après de longas estudis <a href="/wiki/Companhi%C3%A1_de_J%C3%A8sus" title="Companhiá de Jèsus">jesuistas</a>, preire en 1733 mai per desir de promocion sociala que per conviccion reala. En 1746, es nomenat a la <a href="/wiki/Egleisa_de_Sent_Sulpici_de_Par%C3%ADs" title="Egleisa de Sent Sulpici de París">glèisa de Sant Sulpici</a> a <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="París">París</a> ont, per melhorar son ordinari, es atanben preceptor dins de grandas familhas. Atanpauc esita pas a vendre de sermons a de confraires mens inspirats qu'el, e provòca un escandal al descobrir qu’aviá acceptat d’enterrar de <a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">protestants</a> los fasent passar per de <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A8isa_Catolica_Romana" title="Glèisa Catolica Romana">catolics</a> contra pagament. Encara l’abat Rainal foguèt fòrça ligat tot lo long de sa vida als protestants. </p><p>Fugís Sant Sulpici e comença a frequentar los salons de la dòmna de Tencin puèi de la dòmna Geoffrin. S'i fa conéisser coma apòstol de la libertat. Se constituís una fortuna d'esperel impriment sas òbras que realiza atanben lo comèrci. Redigís atanben d'obratges de comanda pels grands de l’epòca coma, per exemple lo duc de Choiseul, que de retorn foguèt nomenat, director del <i>Mercure de France</i> en 1750. Ven membre de l'Acadèmia reiala de las sciéncias e de las letras de Berlin. </p><p>La gravadura de son retrach al cap de la tresena edicion de l’<i>Istòria filosofica e politica dels establiments e del comèrci dels Europèus dins las doas Índias </i>signa son obratge. Es una ataca contra lo colonialisme. Es donc obligat de fugir (1781). Se recapta en <a href="/wiki/So%C3%AFssa" title="Soïssa">Soïssa</a> ont faguèt erigir un monument a la glòria de la libertat (1783–1793)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Puèi passa a la cort de <a href="/wiki/Frederic_II_de_Pr%C3%BAssia" title="Frederic II de Prússia">Frederic II de Prússia</a> puèi a aquela de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caterina_II_de_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caterina II de Russia (la pagina existís pas)">Caterina II de Russia</a> totjorn velhant a de nòvas edicions de son obratge. Autorizat a tornar en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> en 1784, mas enebit de demorar a <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="París">París</a>, s’installa a <a href="/wiki/Tolon" title="Tolon">Tolon</a>, puèi a <a href="/wiki/Marselha" title="Marselha">Marselha</a> e ven fondator de prèmis academics e de benfasença que contunhan lo succès de son òbra dins las grandas acadèmias europèas. Vòl pas far sesilha als Estats generals de 1789 invocant son vièlhum. Aquò l’empachèt pas, dos ans mai tard, de denonciar los excesses e lo torn violent que faguèron prene a la <a href="/wiki/Revolucion_Francesa" title="Revolucion Francesa">Revolucion</a> los revolucionaris que vesián en el un paire fondator. Dins sa <i>Letra a l’Assemblada nacionala</i> adreiçada lo 31 de mai de 1791 escriu: « Parlèri als reis de lors poders, suportatz qu'uèi parle al pòble de sas decas ». Quitament jos la Terror, son prestigi e sa popularitat son tals que los revolucionaris li evitaràn de subir lo meteis malastre que maites Brissotins patiguèron en octobre de 1793; puslèu lo deneguèron l’accusant de senilitat. Pressentit per èsser membre de l’Institut de França en 1795, unes meses abans sa mòrt, pretextèt qu'èra vièlh per refusar aquela promocion. </p><p>Jamai non foguèt deputat, mas beneficièt pel mond revolucionari de son imatge d'antiesclavagista fervent, subretot après lo decret del <a href="/wiki/4_de_febri%C3%A8r" title="4 de febrièr">16 pluviôse</a> <a href="/wiki/1794" class="mw-redirect" title="1794">an II</a>. Son nebòt, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Cambolas" title="Simon Cambolas">Simon Cambolas</a>, convencional regicid, contribuiguèt lo <a href="/wiki/3_de_febri%C3%A8r" title="3 de febrièr">15 pluviôse</a> <a href="/wiki/1794" class="mw-redirect" title="1794">an II</a> a l'obertura dels debats sus l'abolicion de l'esclavatge. Un pintral representant <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Belley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Baptiste Belley (la pagina existís pas)">Jean-Baptiste Belley</a>, un dels dos primièrs députats negres de Sant Domingo a la Convencion e dins las assembladas directorialas, lo mòstra acoidat al bust de l'abat Rainal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Òbra"><span id=".C3.92bra"></span>Òbra</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_Tomas_Rainal&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Òbra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_Tomas_Rainal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Òbra"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Comença a publicar sos primièrs tèxtes dins las <i>Nouvelles littéraires</i>, (1747-1755) que seràn d’introduccion a la revista <i>Correspondance littéraire, philosophique et critique</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, realizada amb Grimm e <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Diderot</a>. Seguèron d'obratges de politica e d’istòria publicats sus comanda del govèrn coma l’<i>Histoire du Stadhoudérat</i> (1747) e l’<i>Histoire du Parlement d’Angleterre</i> (1748). </p><p>Publica fòrça obratges istorics o <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofics</a> de mendre importança fins a la sortida, en 1770, de la primièra edicion anonima d<i>'Istòria filosofica e politica dels establiments e del comèrci dels Europèus dins las doas Índias</i>, vertadièra enciclopedia de l’anticolonialisme al sègle XVIII. S’agís d’un dels sieus « viatges filosofics » avogat a l’epòca, plan documentat mas pretèxt a perpensaments sus la « lei naturala » e denonciacions fissantas del despotisme, del clericalisme, de l'esclavatge dels Negres, e del <a href="/wiki/Colonialisme" title="Colonialisme">colonialisme</a>. Esita pas far collaborar d’autres escrivans coma d'Holbach o <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Diderot</a> que li deu los passatges melhors e que lo fan avantatjosament comparar a <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> o <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a>. </p><p>Interdicha en 1772, l’<i>Istòria de las doas Índias</i> tornèt èsser publicada per l’abat Rainal dins una novèla edicion en 1774 qu'es sul còp mesa a l’Indèx pel clergat. Es en 1780 que publica sa tresena edicion de l'<i>Istòria de las doas Índias</i>, encara mai virulenta que las doas precedentas e qu'avoa implicitament coma essent de el i fasent gravar son retrach en frontispici (cf. supra). Condemnat pel Parlament de París, l’obratge es brutlat pel borrèl en plaça publica, çò que li balha un succès considerable. </p><p>L’ <i>Istòria de las doas Índias</i> siaguèt atanben l'escasença de la <i>Letra apologetica de l’abat Rainal al sénher Grimm</i> (1781) de <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Diderot</a>. Dins aquela letra que Diderot mandèt pas jamai, acusa violentament Grimm (qu' aviá criticat Raynal pr'amor d'aver desacaptada l'identitat de Rainal dins sa tresena edicion de l’<i>Istòria de las doas Índias</i> ) de s’èstre vendut als grands : <span class="citation">«Vos coneissi pas pus ; sètz vengut, sens vos'n dobtar benlèu, un antifilosòf dels pus esconduts e dangeiroses. Vivètz amb n'autres, pr'aquò nos asiratz»</span>. Diderot, que sa part de paternitat dins l'obratge èra sai que pas estrangièra a son indignacion, n’aviá çaquelai pas tòrt : la Revolucion avenguda, Grimm quitèt de cocha França en denigrar la Revolucion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Òbras"><span id=".C3.92bras"></span>Òbras</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_Tomas_Rainal&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Òbras" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_Tomas_Rainal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Òbras"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Raynal_-_Histoire_philosophique,_1794_-_336.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Raynal_-_Histoire_philosophique%2C_1794_-_336.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Raynal_-_Histoire_philosophique%2C_1794_-_336.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Raynal_-_Histoire_philosophique%2C_1794_-_336.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Raynal_-_Histoire_philosophique%2C_1794_-_336.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Raynal_-_Histoire_philosophique%2C_1794_-_336.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Raynal_-_Histoire_philosophique%2C_1794_-_336.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="2568" /></a><figcaption><i>Istòria flosofica</i>, <a href="/wiki/1794" class="mw-redirect" title="1794">1794</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Guillaume-Thomas_Raynal_%26_Map_of_Virginia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Guillaume-Thomas_Raynal_%26_Map_of_Virginia.jpg/220px-Guillaume-Thomas_Raynal_%26_Map_of_Virginia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Guillaume-Thomas_Raynal_%26_Map_of_Virginia.jpg/330px-Guillaume-Thomas_Raynal_%26_Map_of_Virginia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Guillaume-Thomas_Raynal_%26_Map_of_Virginia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="608" /></a><figcaption>Retrach de GuilhèmTomas Rainal ornat d'una mapa de <a href="/wiki/Virg%C3%ADnia" title="Virgínia">Virgínia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i>Nouvelles douteuses</i> (1747-1755)</li> <li><i>Histoire du Stadhoudérat</i> (1747)</li> <li><i>Histoire du Parlement d’Angleterre</i> (1748)</li> <li><i>Mémorial de Paris</i> (1749)</li> <li><i>Mercure de France</i> (1750-1754)</li> <li><i>Anecdotes littéraires, ou Histoire de ce qui est arrivé de plus singulier & et de plus intéressant aux écrivains françois, depuis le renouvellement des lettres sous François I<sup>er</sup> jusqu’à nos jours</i> (1750 ; 1756) <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k108424t.pdf">Texte en ligne</a></small></li> <li><i>Anecdotes historiques, militaires et politiques de l’Europe depuis l’élévation de Charles-Quint au thrône de l’Empire, jusqu’au traité d’Aix-la-Chapelle en 1748</i> (2 volumes, 1753) <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1084222.pdf">Texte en ligne 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k108423f.pdf">2</a></small></li> <li><i>École militaire</i> (3 volumes, 1762) <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k80133v.pdf">Texte en ligne 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k801346.pdf">2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k80135j.pdf">3</a></small></li> <li><i>Histoire du divorce de Henry VIII</i> (1763)</li> <li><i>Histoire philosophique et politique des établissemens & du commerce des européens dans les deux Indes</i> (6 volumes, 1770 ; 1774 ; 1780 ; 1820) <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k109687x.pdf">Texte en ligne 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1096889.pdf">2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k109689p.pdf">3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k109690m.pdf">4</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1096910.pdf">5</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k109692c.pdf">6</a></small></li> <li><i>Épices et produits coloniaux</i> (1770) <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k25850b.pdf">Texte en ligne</a></small></li> <li><i>Atlas de l’Histoire des deux Indes</i> (1772)</li> <li><i>Atlas portatif de l'histoire philosophique et politique</i> (1773) <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170317034842/http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/HASH01327108d12a137e3239e02a">Texte en ligne</a></small></li> <li><i>Tableau de l’Europe (supplément Histoire des deux Indes)</i> (1774)</li> <li><i>Esprit et génie de Guillaume-Thomas Raynal</i> (1777)</li> <li><i>Suppléments à l’Histoire des deux Indes</i> (1780)</li> <li><i>Révolution de l’Amérique</i> (1781) <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2135636.pdf">Texte en ligne</a></small><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Guillaumethomasraynal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Guillaumethomasraynal.jpg/220px-Guillaumethomasraynal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Guillaumethomasraynal.jpg/330px-Guillaumethomasraynal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Guillaumethomasraynal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="381" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>Retrach de Guilhèm Tomas Rainal ornant la tresena edicion de l’<i>Istòria de las deoas Índes</i>.</figcaption></figure></li> <li><i>Lettre à l’auteur de la Nymphe de Spa</i> (1781)</li> <li><i>Précis de l’Histoire philosophique</i> (1782)</li> <li><i>Réponse à la Censure de la Faculté de Théologie</i> (1782)</li> <li><i>Esprit et génie de M. l’abbé Reynal</i> (publié par l’abbé Hédouin, 1782) <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k651282.pdf">Texte en ligne</a></small></li> <li><i>Considérations sur la paix en 1783</i> (1783)</li> <li><i>Histoire philosophique et politique des isles françoises</i> (1784])</li> <li><i>Œuvres de M. l’abbé Raynal</i> (1785)</li> <li><i>Essai sur l’administration de St Domingue</i> (1785)</li> <li><i>Maximes des trois auteurs philosophes</i> (1787)</li> <li><i>Tableau général du commerce de l’Europe</i> (1787)</li> <li><i>Éloge d’Eliza Draper</i> (attribué à Diderot, 1787)</li> <li><i>L’Abbé Raynal aux États-généraux</i> (1789) <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k72957b.pdf">Texte en ligne</a></small></li> <li><i>Lettre à S. M. Louis XVI</i> (1789)</li> <li><i>Lettre à l’Assemblée nationale, 31 mai 1791</i> (1791)</li> <li><i>Extrait raisonné de l’Histoire des deux Indes</i> (1791)</li> <li><i>Histoire abrégée de l’Histoire des deux Indes</i> (1792)</li> <li><i>Abrégé de l’Histoire des deux Indes</i> (1793)</li> <li><i>Histoire abrégée de l’Établissement des Européens</i> (1797)</li> <li><i>Recueil de pensées</i> (1802)</li> <li><i>Abrégé de l’Histoire des deux Indes à l’usage de la jeunesse</i> (1810)]</li> <li><i>Le Raynal de la jeunesse</i> (1821)</li> <li><i>Des Peuples et des gouvernements</i> (1822)</li> <li><i>Histoire philosophique des Établissements dans l’Afrique septentrionale</i> (1826)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notas_e_referéncias"><span id="Notas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Notas e referéncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_Tomas_Rainal&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Notas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_Tomas_Rainal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Notas e referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="indicateur-langue">(<abbr class="abbr" title="Langue : allemand">de</abbr>)</span> Margrit Wyder, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzz.ch/2002/11/09/li/article8HS2B.html">« <span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>«Ich hoffe, es soll nicht zu Stande kommen.</i></span></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Parue en 16 volumes en 1877. <small>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235559/http://notices.bnf.fr/AfficherNoticeServlet?idNotice=35415478">lire en ligne</a>]</small>.</span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annèxes"><span id="Ann.C3.A8xes"></span>Annèxes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_Tomas_Rainal&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Annèxes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_Tomas_Rainal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Annèxes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_Tomas_Rainal&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_Tomas_Rainal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Bibliografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Gilles Bancarel, François-Paul Rossi, <i>Guillaume-Thomas Raynal philosophe des Lumières</i>, préf. Philippe Joutard, Toulouse, CRDP Midi-Pyrénées, 1996 <span> </span><small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <span class="nowrap">2865651509</span>)</small></li> <li>Gilles Bancarel, Gianluigi Goggi, <i>Raynal, de la polémique à l’histoire</i>, Oxford, SVEC, 2000 <span> </span><small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <span class="nowrap">0729407136</span>)</small></li> <li>Gilles Bancarel, <i>Raynal ou le devoir de vérité</i>, Paris, Honoré Champion, 2004 <span> </span><small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <span class="nowrap">274531047X</span>)</small></li> <li>Anatole Feugère, <i>Un Précurseur de la Révolution. L’Abbé Raynal (1713-1796)</i>, Angoulême, 1922</li> <li>Antoine Jay, <i>Précis historique sur la vie et les ouvrages de l’abbé Raynal</i>, Paris, 1820</li> <li>Hans Wolpe, <i>Raynal et sa machine de guerre ; l’Histoire des deux Indes et ses perfectionnements</i>, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1957</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Article_connèxe"><span id="Article_conn.C3.A8xe"></span>Article connèxe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_Tomas_Rainal&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Article connèxe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_Tomas_Rainal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Article connèxe"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ligams_extèrnes"><span id="Ligams_ext.C3.A8rnes"></span>Ligams extèrnes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_Tomas_Rainal&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modificar la seccion : Ligams extèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_Tomas_Rainal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Ligams extèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abbe-raynal.org/">Site de la Societat d'estudi Guillaume-Thomas Raynal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/fr/item/4398/"><i>Une histoire philosophique et politique des établissements et du commerce des Européens dans les Indes orientales et occidentales</i></a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Recuperada de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guilhèm_Tomas_Rainal&oldid=2429129">https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guilhèm_Tomas_Rainal&oldid=2429129</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias de la pagina</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Acad%C3%A8mia_de_Berlin" title="Categoria:Acadèmia de Berlin">Acadèmia de Berlin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Escrivan_franc%C3%A9s_del_s%C3%A8gle_XVIII" title="Categoria:Escrivan francés del sègle XVIII">Escrivan francés del sègle XVIII</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoria amagada : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Paginas_amb_ligams_de_fichi%C3%A8rs_copats" title="Categoria:Paginas amb ligams de fichièrs copats">Paginas amb ligams de fichièrs copats</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Aquela pagina es estada modificada pel darrièr còp lo 15 març de 2024 a 15.47.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Drech_d%27autor" title="Wikipèdia:Drech d'autor">Drech d'autor</a> : Los tèxtes son disponibles jos <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licéncia Creative Commons paternitat pertatge a l’identic</a> ; d’autras condicions se pòdon aplicar. 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