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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Mmalite</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Akụkọ_ihe_mere_eme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Akụkọ_ihe_mere_eme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Akụkọ ihe mere eme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Akụkọ_ihe_mere_eme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Okwu_na_usoro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Okwu_na_usoro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Okwu na usoro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Okwu_na_usoro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mmụta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mmụta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mmụta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mmụta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ihe_edeturu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ihe_edeturu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ihe edeturu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ihe_edeturu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ihe_odide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ihe_odide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ihe odide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ihe_odide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Njikọ_mpụga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Njikọ_mpụga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Njikọ mpụga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Njikọ_mpụga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Ndịna" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ịkụ nnụnụ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 asụsụ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1" title="تحجيل الطيور – Arabiikị" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تحجيل الطيور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabiikị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Кальцаванне птушак – Belarusianụ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кальцаванне птушак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusianụ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Опръстеняване – Bọlụgarịa" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Опръстеняване" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bọlụgarịa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anellatge_d%27ocells" title="Anellatge d'ocells – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anellatge d'ocells" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krou%C5%BEkov%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Kroužkování – Cheekị" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kroužkování" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheekị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringm%C3%A6rkning_af_fugle" title="Ringmærkning af fugle – Danịsh" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ringmærkning af fugle" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danịsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogelberingung" title="Vogelberingung – Jamanị" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vogelberingung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jamanị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_ringing" title="Bird ringing – Bekee" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bird ringing" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Bekee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdoringado" title="Birdoringado – Ndị Esperantọ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Birdoringado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Ndị Esperantọ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anillamiento_de_aves" title="Anillamiento de aves – Spanishi" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anillamiento de aves" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanishi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B5ngastamine" title="Rõngastamine – Ndị Estọnịa" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rõngastamine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Ndị Estọnịa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حلقه‌گذاری پرندگان – Peshianụ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حلقه‌گذاری پرندگان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Peshianụ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rengastus" title="Rengastus – Fịnịsh" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rengastus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fịnịsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baguage" title="Baguage – Fụrenchị" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Baguage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fụrenchị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A2_%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="טיבוע בעלי חיים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טיבוע בעלי חיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8" title="पक्षिपटबंधन – Hindị" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पक्षिपटबंधन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Znanstveno_prstenovanje_ptica" title="Znanstveno prstenovanje ptica – Kọrọtịan" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Znanstveno prstenovanje ptica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kọrọtịan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gy%C5%B1r%C5%B1z%C3%A9s" title="Gyűrűzés – Hụngarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gyűrűzés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hụngarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inanellamento" title="Inanellamento – Italịanu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Inanellamento" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italịanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E9%A1%9E%E6%A8%99%E8%AD%98%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%BB" title="鳥類標識調査 – Japaniisi" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鳥類標識調査" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japaniisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ფრინველთა დარგოლვა – Geọjịan" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრინველთა დარგოლვა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Geọjịan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%A5%98_%EA%B0%80%EB%9D%BD%EC%A7%80_%EB%B6%80%EC%B0%A9_%EC%A1%B0%EC%82%AC" title="조류 가락지 부착 조사 – Korịa" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조류 가락지 부착 조사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korịa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauk%C5%A1%C4%8Di%C5%B3_%C5%BEiedavimas" title="Paukščių žiedavimas – Lituanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paukščių žiedavimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringen_(ornithologie)" title="Ringen (ornithologie) – Dọchị" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ringen (ornithologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dọchị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringmerking" title="Ringmerking – Nọrweyịan Nynersk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ringmerking" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nọrweyịan Nynersk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringmerking" title="Ringmerking – Nọrweyịan Bọkmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ringmerking" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Nọrweyịan Bọkmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obr%C4%85czkowanie_(zoologia)" title="Obrączkowanie (zoologia) – Poliishi" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Obrączkowanie (zoologia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poliishi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anilhagem_de_aves" title="Anilhagem de aves – Pọrtụgụese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anilhagem de aves" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Pọrtụgụese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Кольцевание птиц – Rọshian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кольцевание птиц" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rọshian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obro%C4%8Dkanje_ptic" title="Obročkanje ptic – Slovịan" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Obročkanje ptic" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovịan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Научно прстеновање птица – Sebịan" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Научно прстеновање птица" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sebịan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringm%C3%A4rkning" title="Ringmärkning – Sụwidiishi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ringmärkning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sụwidiishi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="பறவைக்கு வளையமிடல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பறவைக்கு வளையமிடல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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> <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ọdịdị</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">Ga na nootu akụkụ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">zoo</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ig" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%E1%BB%8Bl%E1%BB%A5:A_researcher_uses_a_banding_pliers_to_attach_a_band_to_the_leg_of_a_Common_Yellowthroat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/A_researcher_uses_a_banding_pliers_to_attach_a_band_to_the_leg_of_a_Common_Yellowthroat.jpg/220px-A_researcher_uses_a_banding_pliers_to_attach_a_band_to_the_leg_of_a_Common_Yellowthroat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/A_researcher_uses_a_banding_pliers_to_attach_a_band_to_the_leg_of_a_Common_Yellowthroat.jpg/330px-A_researcher_uses_a_banding_pliers_to_attach_a_band_to_the_leg_of_a_Common_Yellowthroat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/A_researcher_uses_a_banding_pliers_to_attach_a_band_to_the_leg_of_a_Common_Yellowthroat.jpg/440px-A_researcher_uses_a_banding_pliers_to_attach_a_band_to_the_leg_of_a_Common_Yellowthroat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3808" data-file-height="2539" /></a><figcaption>Onye na-eme nchọpụta na-eji eriri na-ejikọta eriri na ụkwụ nke yellowthroat nkịtị.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%E1%BB%8Bl%E1%BB%A5:Ringing_of_black-headed_gull_Chroicocephalus_ridibundus_nestling.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Ringing_of_black-headed_gull_Chroicocephalus_ridibundus_nestling.jpg/220px-Ringing_of_black-headed_gull_Chroicocephalus_ridibundus_nestling.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Ringing_of_black-headed_gull_Chroicocephalus_ridibundus_nestling.jpg/330px-Ringing_of_black-headed_gull_Chroicocephalus_ridibundus_nestling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Ringing_of_black-headed_gull_Chroicocephalus_ridibundus_nestling.jpg/440px-Ringing_of_black-headed_gull_Chroicocephalus_ridibundus_nestling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1767" data-file-height="1298" /></a><figcaption><i>Chroicocephalus ridibundus</i> (Laridae) na-eti mkpu</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%E1%BB%8Bl%E1%BB%A5:Malet%C3%ADn_de_campo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Malet%C3%ADn_de_campo.jpg/220px-Malet%C3%ADn_de_campo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Malet%C3%ADn_de_campo.jpg/330px-Malet%C3%ADn_de_campo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Malet%C3%ADn_de_campo.jpg/440px-Malet%C3%ADn_de_campo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2687" /></a><figcaption>Igbe ngwá ọrụ maka ịtụ, ịtụ ihe n'ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ na ịpị nnụnụ.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%E1%BB%8Bl%E1%BB%A5:1_Students_at_bird_ringing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/1_Students_at_bird_ringing.jpg/220px-1_Students_at_bird_ringing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/1_Students_at_bird_ringing.jpg/330px-1_Students_at_bird_ringing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/1_Students_at_bird_ringing.jpg/440px-1_Students_at_bird_ringing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3522" data-file-height="2642" /></a><figcaption>Ụmụ akwụkwọ na-ekiri ihe omume nnụnụ na-eme n'oge "A day at the wetland", nke otu gburugburu ebe obibi <a href="/wiki/Ebe_Ak%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5ngwa_%E1%BB%A4wa_Nile_Maka_Okike" title="Ebe Akụrụngwa Ụwa Nile Maka Okike">WWF</a> haziri. E jidere otu onye ahụ, nwa okorobịa toro eto, n'otu ebe ahụ n'afọ gara aga na Lesbos, Gris.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mgba nnụnụ (UK) ma ọ bụ <b>banding nnụnụ</b>, bụ njikọ nke obere, nke nwere nọmba ọla ma ọ bụ plastik n'otu n'otu na ụkwụ ma ọ bụ nku <b>Ịkụ nnụnụ</b> ọhịa iji mee ka onye ọ bụla mara. Nke a na-enyere aka n'ịgbaso mmegharị nke nnụnụ na akụkọ ndụ ya. Ọ bụ nha a na-ahụkarị iji tụọ ma nyochaa ọnọdụ nke nku, abụba dị n'okpuru akpụkpọ ahụ, ihe ngosi afọ na mmekọahụ n'oge ijide maka ụda. Nchịkọta ma ọ bụ mgbake nke nnụnụ ahụ nwere ike inye ozi gbasara ịkwaga, ogologo ndụ, ọnwụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, ókèala, omume iri nri, na akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ndị na-amụ nnụnụ na-amụ. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pụkwara iji ụzọ ndị ọzọ nke akara nnụnụ mee ihe iji nye ohere maka njirimara dabere na mpaghara nke na-achọghị ijide. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Akụkọ_ihe_mere_eme"><span id="Ak.E1.BB.A5k.E1.BB.8D_ihe_mere_eme"></span>Akụkọ ihe mere eme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Ak%E1%BB%A5_nn%E1%BB%A5n%E1%BB%A5&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Mezie ngalaba: Akụkọ ihe mere eme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Ak%E1%BB%A5_nn%E1%BB%A5n%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Akụkọ ihe mere eme"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ndị agha Rom mere mgbalị ndị mbụ e dekọrọ iji gosi nnụnụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ n'oge Agha Punic na 218 BC, ndị agha nọchibidoro tọhapụrụ ugoloọma (nke na-egosi na nke a bụ omume a ma ama). Quintus Fabius Pictor jiri eriri dị n'ụkwụ nnụnụ ahụ zighachi ozi. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ọ bụ n'ọnọdụ ọzọ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, onye knight nwere mmasị na agbụrụ ụgbọ ịnyịnya n'oge Pliny (AD 1) kpọọrọ ugoloọma gaa Volterra, 135 kilomita (217 wee hapụ ugoloọma na ozi gbasara ndị mmeri agbụrụ. </p><p>Falconers na Middle Ages na-etinye efere na falcons ha na akara nke ndị nwe ha. <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>'England site n'ihe dị ka afọ 1560 ma ọ bụ karịa, a na-eji akara Swans, akara na ụgwọ ahụ. </p><p><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> chọtara ụgbala ndị ụta merụrụ ahụ (nke a na-akpọ pfeilstorch na German) nke agbụrụ ndị Afrịka nwere ike ịchọta na <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9man%E1%BB%8B" title="Jémanị">Germany</a> na 1822 ma bụrụ ụfọdụ n'ime ihe akaebe mbụ nke njem dị anya na nnụnụ Europe. </p><p>Na North America John James Audubon na Ernest Thompson Seton bụ ndị ọsụ ụzọ ọ bụ ezie na usoro ha nke akara nnụnụ dị iche na ụda nke oge a. Iji chọpụta ma ọ bụrụ na otu nnụnụ ahụ laghachiri n'ugbo ya, Audubon kegidere eriri ọlaọcha n'ụkwụ ụmụ phoebes nke ọwụwa anyanwụ na 1805 (ọ bụ ezie na a na-enyo eziokwu nke ụbọchị ahụ <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), ebe Seton ji ink mee snow buntings na Manitoba na 1882. <sup id="cite_ref-study_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-study-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen, onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ Danish, malitere ịgba nnụnụ maka ebumnuche sayensị sara mbara na 1899, na-eji mgbaaka Aluminium Ndị kpakpando Europe (Mortensen gbalịrị iji mgbaaka zinc dị ka 1890 mana ọ chọpụtara na ndị a dị oke arọ). [1] Johannes Thienemann guzobere atụmatụ banding mbụ na Germany na 1903 na Rossitten Bird Observatory na Baltic Coast nke East Prussia. Nke a sochiri Hungary na 1908, Great Britain na 1909 (site n'aka Arthur Landsborough Thomson na Aberdeen na Harry Witherby na England), Yugoslavia [nkọwa dị mkpa] na 1910 na mba Scandinavia n'etiti 1911 na 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  <sup id="cite_ref-tautinmetras_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tautinmetras-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> na-ekwu na Paul Bartsch nke Smithsonian Institution bụ onye mbụ na-agba ụta na US: ọ na-agba ịnyịnya 23 na-agba okpueze ojii n'afọ 1902. [1] [2] [3] <sup id="cite_ref-tautin100_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tautin100-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Leon J. Cole nke Mahadum Wisconsin guzobere American Bird Banding Association na 1909; nzukọ a lekọtara banding ruo mgbe e guzobere mmemme gọọmentị etiti na US (1920) na Canada (1923) dịka Migratory Bird Treaty nke 1918 si dị. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Okwu_na_usoro">Okwu na usoro</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Ak%E1%BB%A5_nn%E1%BB%A5n%E1%BB%A5&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Mezie ngalaba: Okwu na usoro" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Ak%E1%BB%A5_nn%E1%BB%A5n%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Okwu na usoro"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%E1%BB%8Bl%E1%BB%A5:Mist_net_kinglet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Mist_net_kinglet.jpg/220px-Mist_net_kinglet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Mist_net_kinglet.jpg/330px-Mist_net_kinglet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Mist_net_kinglet.jpg/440px-Mist_net_kinglet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>A na-ejide okpueze ruby n'ime ụgbụNet anwụrụ ọkụ</figcaption></figure> <p>Mgba nnụnụ bụ okwu a na-eji na UK na akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke Europe na ụwa. <i>Njikọ nnụnụ</i> bụ okwu a na-eji na US. A na-akpọ mgbalị ndị a haziri ahazi mgbịrịgba ma ọ bụ atụmatụ banding, na òtù ndị na-achịkwa ha bụ ndị na-akpọ ụda ma ọ bụ ndị na'ịgba egwu. (A na-akpọ nnụnụ ka ha na-akpọ ha ụda kama ịkpọ ha) A na-akpọ ndị na-akpọ ma ọ bụ ndị na-akụ nnụnụ, ha na-arụkwa ọrụ na-akụ ma ọ bụ na-akụ ha. </p><p>Enwere ike ijide nnụnụ site na iwere ha dị ka ụmụ nnụnụ n'akwụ́, ma ọ bụ dị ka ndị toro eto, e jidere ha na ụgbụ ụfụfụ, ọnyà ndị a na-adọkpụ, ụgbụ ndị na-adọrọ, ụgbụrụ, ma ọ bụghị ụzọ ndị ọzọ. Enwere ike ijide ndị na-eri anụ site n'ọtụtụ ụzọ, gụnyere ọnyà bal-chatri. </p><p>Mgbe e jidere nnụnụ, a na-etinye mgbaaka nke nha kwesịrị ekwesị (nke a na-ejikarị aluminum ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị mfe eme) n'ụkwụ nnụnụ ahụ, nwere nọmba pụrụ iche, na adreesị kọntaktị. A na-atụkarị nnụnụ ahụ ma tụọ ya, nyochaa ya maka data metụtara ọrụ mgbịrịgba ahụ, wee hapụ ya. Mgbaaka ndị ahụ dị nnọọ mfe, a na-emekwa ha ka ha ghara inwe mmetụta ọjọọ na nnụnụ - n'ezie, ihe ndabere niile nke iji ụda iji nweta data banyere nnụnụ bụ na nnụisi ndị gbara gburugburu kwesịrị ịkpa àgwà n'ụzọ niile n'otu ụzọ ahụ dị ka ndị na-enweghị mgbaaka. A pụrụ ịmata nnụnụ ndị a kpọtụrụ aha mgbe a nwetaghachiri ha, ma ọ bụ chọta ha nwụrụ anwụ, mgbe e mesịrị. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mmụta"><span id="Mm.E1.BB.A5ta"></span>Mmụta</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Ak%E1%BB%A5_nn%E1%BB%A5n%E1%BB%A5&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Mezie ngalaba: Mmụta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Ak%E1%BB%A5_nn%E1%BB%A5n%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Mmụta"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>-akpọ nnụnụ na-enye ngosipụta maka ọha na eze, ebe ndị ọkachamara na-akpọ ụmụ nnụnụ dị ndụ ka ha na-eme ka nzọụkwụ nke usoro ahụ pụta ìhè ma na-aza ajụjụ site n'aka ọha na eze. Ịkụziri ndị nleta banyere usoro ahụ <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>-enyere aka ịgbasa ozi ziri ezi banyere ya na ọha na eze. <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bụ ezie na ụda nnụnụ dị ndụ abụghị naanị usoro ịkụziri ọha na eze banyere nchekwa nnụnụ, ọ nwere ike ịbụ usoro na-adọrọ mmasị na nke pụrụ iche maka ndị ọbịa. </p><p>Ndị na-ahụ maka ịgba mgba na-achịkwa ọrụ ịgba mgbaaka mana n'ihi na enwere ike ịchọta nnụnụ gbara mgbaaka n'ofe mba, enwere ndị otu na-ahụ na a na-agbakọta mgbake na akụkọ. Na UK, British Trust for Ornithology na-ahazi ụda nnụnụ. Na North America U.S. Bird Banding Laboratory na-arụkọ ọrụ na mmemme ndị Canada ma kemgbe 1996, ya na North American Banding Council (NABC) na-arụ ọrụ. Ndị na-achụ nta nnụnụ mmiri nwere ike ịkọ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nnụnụ ha gburu ma ọ bụ hụ, ma chọpụta nkọwa nke nnụisi ahụ dịka ụdị, afọ, na ebe banding. A na-ahụkarị ìgwè nnụnụ dị ka ihe nrite n'ihi na ha ka dị obere. <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Union for Bird Ringing (EURING) na-ejikọta data ụda sitere na mmemme mba dị iche iche na Europe. [1] 'Australia, Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme na-achịkwa ozi niile nke nnụnụ na ụsụ. ebe SAFRING <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>-ahụ maka ọrụ ụda nnụnụ na South Africa. Ọ bụ Bombay Natural History Society na-achịkwa ụda nnụnụ na <a href="/wiki/Ndia" title="Ndia">India</a>. Nnụnụ na-agba gburugburu na Neotropics na Africa. <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>National Center for Bird Conservation (CEMAVE) na-ahazi atụmatụ mba maka ụda nnụnụ na Brazil. [1] [2] [3] </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ihe_edeturu">Ihe edeturu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Ak%E1%BB%A5_nn%E1%BB%A5n%E1%BB%A5&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Mezie ngalaba: Ihe edeturu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Ak%E1%BB%A5_nn%E1%BB%A5n%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Ihe edeturu"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="[[:Templeeti:Column-width]] list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Cottam (1956). "Uses of marking animals in ecological studies:marking birds for scientific purposes". <i>Ecology</i> <b>37</b> (4): 675–681. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1933058">10.2307/1933058</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.atitle=Uses+of+marking+animals+in+ecological+studies%3Amarking+birds+for+scientific+purposes&rft.title=Ecology&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.date=1956&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.au=Cottam&rft.aufirst=C&rft.pages=675%E2%80%93681&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307%2F1933058"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fisher, J. & Peterson, R.T. 1964. <i>The world of birds</i>. Doubleday & Co., Garden City, New York.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schechter, Frank I. The Historical Foundations of the Law Relating to Trade-Marks. New York: Columbia University Press, 1925. p. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Knight (1842) The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge: of the society for the diffusion of useful knowledge. Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Great Britain) v.11 [n.s. v.2] (pp. 277–278)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Haffer, J. (2007). "The development of ornithology in central Europe". <i>Journal of Ornithology</i> <b>148</b>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-007-0160-2">10.1007/s10336-007-0160-2</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.atitle=The+development+of+ornithology+in+central+Europe&rft.title=Journal+of+Ornithology&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ornithology&rft.date=2007&rft.volume=148&rft.au=Haffer%2C+J.&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10336-007-0160-2"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Halley (2018). "Audubon's famous banding experiment: Fact or fiction?". <i>Archives of Natural History</i> <b>45</b>: 118–121. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2018.0487">10.3366/anh.2018.0487</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.atitle=Audubon%27s+famous+banding+experiment%3A+Fact+or+fiction%3F&rft.title=Archives+of+Natural+History&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Natural+History&rft.date=2018&rft.volume=45&rft.au=Halley&rft.aufirst=Matthew+R&rft.pages=118%E2%80%93121&rft_id=info:doi/10.3366%2Fanh.2018.0487"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-study-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-study_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">North American Banding Council (2001). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nabanding.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/STUDYGUIDE.pdf">The North American Banders' Study Guide</a></i>. Point Reyes Station, Calif.: North American Banding Council, 3–4. Retrieved on <a href="/w/index.php?title=18_July_2012&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="18 July 2012 (peeji a adịgịhị)">18 July 2012</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+North+American+Banders%27+Study+Guide&rft.title=The+North+American+Banders%27+Study+Guide&rft.au=North+American+Banding+Council&rft.date=2001&rft.pub=North+American+Banding+Council&rft.place=Point+Reyes+Station%2C+Calif.&rft.pages=3%E2%80%934&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nabanding.net%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F04%2FSTUDYGUIDE.pdf"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Preuss, Niels Otto (2001). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ardeajournal.natuurinfo.nl/ardeapdf/a89-001-006.pdf">Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen: aspects of his life and of the history of bird ringing</a>". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ardea_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ardea (journal) (peeji a adịgịhị)">Ardea</a></i> <b>89</b> (1): 1–6.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.atitle=Hans+Christian+Cornelius+Mortensen%3A+aspects+of+his+life+and+of+the+history+of+bird+ringing&rft.title=%5B%5BArdea+%28journal%29%7CArdea%5D%5D&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BArdea+%28journal%29%7CArdea%5D%5D&rft.date=2001&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=1&rft.au=Preuss%2C+Niels+Otto&rft.pages=1%E2%80%936&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fardeajournal.natuurinfo.nl%2Fardeapdf%2Fa89-001-006.pdf"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Spencer, R. 1985. Marking. In: Campbell. B. & Lack, E. 1985. <i>A dictionary of birds</i>. British Ornithologists' Union. London, pp. 338–341.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tautinmetras-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-tautinmetras_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tautin. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euring.org/about_euring/newsletter2/namerican_banding_tautin_metras.htm">The North American Banding Program</a>", <i>EURING Newsletter</i>, December 1988. Retrieved on 21 May 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tautin100-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-tautin100_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ig" dir="ltr">Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; no text was provided for refs named <code>tautin100</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://braddockbaybirdobservatory.wordpress.com/education-2/banding-demonstrations/">Banding Demonstrations</a>", <i>Braddock Bay Bird Observatory</i>, 2013-02-26. Retrieved on 2017-10-31. (in en-US)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">Pitkin (2006). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prbo.org/cms/docs/edu/MPitkinMNWithThePublic.pdf">Mist-netting with the public: A guide for communicating science through bird banding</a></i>, 29. Retrieved on <a href="/w/index.php?title=31_October_2017&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="31 October 2017 (peeji a adịgịhị)">31 October 2017</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mist-netting+with+the+public%3A+A+guide+for+communicating+science+through+bird+banding&rft.title=Mist-netting+with+the+public%3A+A+guide+for+communicating+science+through+bird+banding&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft.au=Pitkin&rft.date=2006&rft.pages=29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prbo.org%2Fcms%2Fdocs%2Fedu%2FMPitkinMNWithThePublic.pdf"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210927064209/https://www.birds.cornell.edu/pifcapemay/duffy.htm/">A Bird in the Hand is Best</a>. <i>www.birds.cornell.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birds.cornell.edu/pifcapemay/duffy.htm">the original</a> on 27 September 2021. Retrieved on 2017-10-31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140528112858/http://www.euring.org/index.html">EURING</a>. EURING. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euring.org/index.html">the original</a> on 2014-05-28. Retrieved on 2014-06-02.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120721123115/http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/stats/adu/p_safr1.htm">Safring</a>. Web.uct.ac.za (2001-10-03). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/stats/adu/p_safr1.htm">the original</a> on 2012-07-21. Retrieved on 2014-06-02.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924083354/http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/BBL/homepage/aboutbanding.cfm">Bird Banding Laboratory</a>. <i>usgs.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/BBL/homepage/aboutbanding.cfm">the original</a> on 24 September 2015. Retrieved on 24 September 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120104220550/http://www4.icmbio.gov.br/cemave/">CEMAVE</a>. Icmbio.gov.br. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icmbio.gov.br/cemave/">the original</a> on 4 January 2012. Retrieved on 2014-06-02.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ihe_odide">Ihe odide</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Ak%E1%BB%A5_nn%E1%BB%A5n%E1%BB%A5&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Mezie ngalaba: Ihe odide" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Ak%E1%BB%A5_nn%E1%BB%A5n%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Ihe odide"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Onye ọsụ ụzọ na-agba ịnyịnya". BTO News Nke 122, peeji nke 8. </li> <li>[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Ebe Ringing Registers nke Mahadum Aberdeen Bird-Migration Inquiry". Ịkpọ ụbọ akwara na ịkwaga mba ọzọ 4: 148.</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per_Martin-L%C3%B6f&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Per Martin-Löf (peeji a adịgịhị)">Martin-Löf</a> (1961). "Mortality rate calculations on ringed birds with special reference to the Dunlin <i>Calidris alpina</i>". <i>Arkiv för Zoologi</i> <b>13</b> (21).</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.atitle=Mortality+rate+calculations+on+ringed+birds+with+special+reference+to+the+Dunlin+%27%27Calidris+alpina%27%27&rft.title=Arkiv+f%C3%B6r+Zoologi&rft.jtitle=Arkiv+f%C3%B6r+Zoologi&rft.date=1961&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=21&rft.au=Martin-L%C3%B6f&rft.aufirst=P."> </span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Njikọ_mpụga"><span id="Njik.E1.BB.8D_mp.E1.BB.A5ga"></span>Njikọ mpụga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Ak%E1%BB%A5_nn%E1%BB%A5n%E1%BB%A5&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Mezie ngalaba: Njikọ mpụga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Ak%E1%BB%A5_nn%E1%BB%A5n%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Njikọ mpụga"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130810182854/http://birdringing.net/">Birdring.net: Ndepụta nke Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Bird Ringing na Bird Banding </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327142007/http://www.a1-idsystems.com/index_files/AnimalProducts.htm">A1 ID Systems: Onye na-emepụta mgbaaka nnụnụ eletrọniki. (Nkọwapụta microchip maka ụmụ anụmanụ)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anillamiento.net/">LaB O RINg Project: Nnụnụ nke Western Palearctic n'aka</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reportband.gov/">Akụkọ banyere otu egwu a chọtara na United States</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bbl/">Ụlọ nyocha nnụnụ US</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ring.ac">Akụkọ nnụnụ na-agba gburugburu n'ịntanetị site na atụmatụ Europe niile</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euring.org/">EURING (Nhazi nhazi maka atụmatụ ịpị nnụnụ na Europe)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060202231420/http://www.bsc-eoc.org/national/cmmn.html">Canadian Migration Monitoring Network (Na-ahazi nlekota mbugharị nnụnụ (gụnyere banding nnụnụ) na Canada)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064906/http://www.birdrings.eu/bird-rings-in-poland">Ụdị na nha nke mgbaaka nnụnụ eji eme ihe na Poland</a> nke Aranea bipụtara, onye na-emepụta mgbaaka nnwale.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010718132302/http://nabanding.net/nabanding/">Kansụl Banding nke North America (NABC)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birdpop.org/">The Institute for Bird Populations - MAPS banding Program</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/3032326.stm">Akụkọ BBC nke Bardsey Island, nke a gbara n'afọ 1957<i>Agwaetiti Bardsey, nke gbara gburugburu 1957</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icmbio.gov.br/cemave/">CEMAVE-Brazil</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.calgarybirdbandingsociety.org/">Calgary Bird Banding Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190430234939/http://www.hbrcnet.org/">Songbird na Hummingbird Banding Research</a> E debere ya na Wayback Machine Ohio na Indiana</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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