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[o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Early history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PHP_3_and_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PHP_3_and_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 PHP 3 and 4 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PHP_3_and_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PHP_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PHP_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 PHP 5 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PHP_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PHP_6_and_Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PHP_6_and_Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 PHP 6 and Unicode </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PHP_6_and_Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PHP_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PHP_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 PHP 7 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PHP_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PHP_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PHP_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 PHP 8 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PHP_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Just-in-time_compilation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Just-in-time_compilation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.1 Just-in-time compilation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Just-in-time_compilation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Addition_of_the_match_expression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Addition_of_the_match_expression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.2 Addition of the match expression </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Addition_of_the_match_expression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Type_changes_and_additions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Type_changes_and_additions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.3 Type changes and additions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Type_changes_and_additions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syntax_changes_and_additions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syntax_changes_and_additions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.4 Syntax changes and additions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syntax_changes_and_additions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standard_library_changes_and_additions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standard_library_changes_and_additions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.5 Standard library changes and additions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standard_library_changes_and_additions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.6 Additional changes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PHP_8.1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PHP_8.1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 PHP 8.1 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PHP_8.1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PHP_8.2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PHP_8.2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 PHP 8.2 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PHP_8.2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PHP_8.3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PHP_8.3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 PHP 8.3 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PHP_8.3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PHP_8.4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PHP_8.4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10 PHP 8.4 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PHP_8.4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Release_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Release_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.11 Release history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Release_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mascot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mascot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Mascot </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mascot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syntax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syntax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Syntax </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Syntax-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Syntax subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Syntax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Data_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Data types </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Functions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PHP_objects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PHP_objects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 PHP objects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PHP_objects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Example" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Example"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 Example </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Example-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Implementations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implementations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Implementations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Implementations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Licensing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Licensing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Licensing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Licensing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_and_community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_and_community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Development and community </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_and_community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_PHP_Foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_PHP_Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 The PHP Foundation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_PHP_Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Installation_and_configuration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Installation_and_configuration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Installation and configuration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Installation_and_configuration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Use </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Use subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Popularity_and_usage_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popularity_and_usage_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Popularity and usage statistics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popularity_and_usage_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Security </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Security-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Security subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cryptographic_Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cryptographic_Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Cryptographic Security </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cryptographic_Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Long-Term_Support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Long-Term_Support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Long-Term Support </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Long-Term_Support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">PHP</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 116 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-116" aria-hidden="true" > 116 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="بي إتش بي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بي إتش بي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF" title="পিএইচপি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পিএইচপি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="पीएचपी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पीएचपी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DA%86%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="پی‌اچ‌پی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پی‌اچ‌پی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP_(%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE)" title="PHP (પ્રોગ્રામિંગ ભાષા) – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="PHP (પ્રોગ્રામિંગ ભાષા)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="पीएचपी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पीएचपी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF" title="ಪಿ ಎಚ್ ಪಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಿ ಎಚ್ ಪಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="पिएचपी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पिएचपी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D.%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF." title="പി.എച്ച്.പി. – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പി.എച്ച്.പി." data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="पीएचपी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पीएचपी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="पिएचपी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पिएचपी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="पी एच् पी – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पी एच् पी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP_(%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E)" title="PHP (プログラミング言語) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="PHP (プログラミング言語)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="پی ایچ پی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پی ایچ پی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8" title="ភីអេចភី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភីអេចភី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="पी एच् पी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पी एच् पी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP_(skriptovac%C3%AD_jazyk)" title="PHP (skriptovací jazyk) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="PHP (skriptovací jazyk)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%DB%8C%DA%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="پی ئەیچ پی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پی ئەیچ پی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF.%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D.%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF" title="பி.எச்.பி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பி.எச்.பி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5" title="ภาษาพีเอชพี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาพีเอชพี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="پی ایچ پی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پی ایچ پی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="PHP" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Scripting language created in 1994</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the scripting language. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/PHP_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="PHP (disambiguation)">PHP (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">PHP</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:PHP-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/PHP-logo.svg/121px-PHP-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="121" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/PHP-logo.svg/182px-PHP-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/PHP-logo.svg/242px-PHP-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="711" data-file-height="384" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Programming_paradigm" title="Programming paradigm">Paradigm</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Multi-paradigm_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-paradigm programming language">Multi-paradigm</a>: <a href="/wiki/Imperative_programming" title="Imperative programming">imperative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Functional_programming" title="Functional programming">functional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented</a>, <a href="/wiki/Procedural_programming" title="Procedural programming">procedural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reflective_programming" title="Reflective programming">reflective</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Software_design" title="Software design">Designed by</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rasmus_Lerdorf" title="Rasmus Lerdorf">Rasmus Lerdorf</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Software_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Software developer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data organiser"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://php.net/credits/">The PHP Development Team</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zend_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Zend Technologies">Zend Technologies</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thephp.foundation/">PHP Foundation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First appeared</th><td class="infobox-data">8 June 1995; 29 years ago (1995-06-08)<a href="#cite_note-Lerdorf-1995-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lerdorf-2007-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">8.4.1 / 21 November 2024; 7 days ago (2024-11-21)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Type_system" title="Type system">Typing discipline</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_typing" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic typing">Dynamic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strong_and_weak_typing" title="Strong and weak typing">weak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gradual_typing" title="Gradual typing">gradual</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Implementation language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> (primarily; some components <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">OS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM_i" title="IBM i">IBM i</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM_Z" title="IBM Z">IBM Z</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/PHP_License" title="PHP License">PHP License</a> (most of Zend engine under <a href="/wiki/Zend_Engine_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Zend Engine License">Zend Engine License</a>) for PHP 4 and later versions (only; dual-licensed <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a> version 2 or any later version and PHP License for PHP versions 3.0 or earlier.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extensions</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>.php</code>,<code>.phar</code>,<code>.phtml</code>,<code>.pht</code>,<code>.phps</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.php.net">www.php.net</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Major <a href="/wiki/Programming_language_implementation" title="Programming language implementation">implementations</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Zend_Engine" title="Zend Engine">Zend Engine</a>, <a href="/wiki/HHVM" title="HHVM">HHVM</a>, <a href="/wiki/PeachPie" title="PeachPie">PeachPie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quercus_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quercus (software)">Quercus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parrot_virtual_machine" title="Parrot virtual machine">Parrot</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Influenced by</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>, <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>,<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tcl" title="Tcl">Tcl</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Lerdorf-2007-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a><a href="#cite_note-Stogov-2015-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Influenced</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Hack_(programming_language)" title="Hack (programming language)">Hack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Server_Pages" title="Jakarta Server Pages">JSP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Active_Server_Pages" title="Active Server Pages">ASP</a>, <a href="/wiki/React_(JavaScript_library)" class="mw-redirect" title="React (JavaScript library)">React JS</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below hlist" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-top: 3px;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/PHP_Programming" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:PHP Programming">PHP Programming</a> at Wikibooks</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> PHP is a <a href="/wiki/General-purpose_programming_language" title="General-purpose programming language">general-purpose</a> <a href="/wiki/Scripting_language" title="Scripting language">scripting language</a> geared towards <a href="/wiki/Web_development" title="Web development">web development</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> It was originally created by <a href="/wiki/Danish_Canadians" title="Danish Canadians">Danish-Canadian</a> <a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">programmer</a> <a href="/wiki/Rasmus_Lerdorf" title="Rasmus Lerdorf">Rasmus Lerdorf</a> in 1993 and released in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-Krill-2013-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The PHP <a href="/wiki/Reference_implementation" title="Reference implementation">reference implementation</a> is now produced by the PHP Group.<a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-11">[11]</a> PHP was originally an abbreviation of Personal Home Page,<a href="#cite_note-php.net-3-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> but it now stands for the <a href="/wiki/Recursive_acronym" title="Recursive acronym">recursive acronym</a> PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> PHP code is usually processed on a <a href="/wiki/Web_server" title="Web server">web server</a> by a PHP <a href="/wiki/Interpreter_(computing)" title="Interpreter (computing)">interpreter</a> implemented as a <a href="/wiki/Plugin_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plugin (computing)">module</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Daemon_(computing)" title="Daemon (computing)">daemon</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface" title="Common Gateway Interface">Common Gateway Interface</a> (CGI) executable. On a web server, the result of the <a href="/wiki/Interpreter_(computing)" title="Interpreter (computing)">interpreted</a> and executed PHP code—which may be any type of data, such as generated <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> or <a href="/wiki/Binary_number" title="Binary number">binary</a> image data—would form the whole or part of an <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> response. Various <a href="/wiki/Web_template_system" title="Web template system">web template systems</a>, web <a href="/wiki/Content_management_system" title="Content management system">content management systems</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Web_framework" title="Web framework">web frameworks</a> exist that can be employed to orchestrate or facilitate the generation of that response. Additionally, PHP can be used for many programming tasks outside the web context, such as standalone <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical applications</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">drone</a> control.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> PHP code can also be directly executed from the <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command line</a>. The standard PHP interpreter, powered by the <a href="/wiki/Zend_Engine" title="Zend Engine">Zend Engine</a>, is <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> released under the <a href="/wiki/PHP_License" title="PHP License">PHP License</a>. PHP has been widely ported and can be deployed on most web servers on a variety of <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">platforms</a>.<a href="#cite_note-O'Reilly-2001-17">[17]</a> The PHP language has evolved without a written <a href="/wiki/Formal_specification" title="Formal specification">formal specification</a> or standard, with the original <a href="/wiki/Implementation" title="Implementation">implementation</a> acting as the <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> standard that other implementations aimed to follow. W3Techs reports that as of 27 October 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit">[update]</a> (about two years since PHP 7 was discontinued and 11 months after the PHP 8.3 release), PHP 7 is still used by 50.0% of PHP websites, which is outdated and known to be insecure.<a href="#cite_note-www.php.net-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-W3Techs_–_World_Wide_Web_Technology_Surveys-19">[19]</a> In addition the even more outdated (discontinued for 5+ years) and insecure PHP 5 is used by 13.2% and the no longer supported PHP 8.0 is also very popular. Meaning the vast majority do not use the supported versions. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:327px;max-width:327px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:107px;max-width:107px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Rasmus_Lerdorf_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rasmus_Lerdorf_cropped.jpg/105px-Rasmus_Lerdorf_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rasmus_Lerdorf_cropped.jpg/158px-Rasmus_Lerdorf_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rasmus_Lerdorf_cropped.jpg/210px-Rasmus_Lerdorf_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="669" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:107px;max-width:107px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Andi_Gutmans_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Andi_Gutmans_1.jpg/105px-Andi_Gutmans_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Andi_Gutmans_1.jpg/158px-Andi_Gutmans_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Andi_Gutmans_1.jpg/210px-Andi_Gutmans_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="808" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:107px;max-width:107px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Zeev_Suraski_2005_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Zeev_Suraski_2005_cropped.jpg/105px-Zeev_Suraski_2005_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Zeev_Suraski_2005_cropped.jpg/158px-Zeev_Suraski_2005_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Zeev_Suraski_2005_cropped.jpg/210px-Zeev_Suraski_2005_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="298" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Rasmus_Lerdorf" title="Rasmus Lerdorf">Rasmus Lerdorf</a>, creator of PHP; and <a href="/wiki/Andi_Gutmans" title="Andi Gutmans">Andi Gutmans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zeev_Suraski" title="Zeev Suraski">Zeev Suraski</a>, creators of the <a href="/wiki/Zend_Engine" title="Zend Engine">Zend Engine</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history">edit</a>]</div> PHP development began in 1993<a href="#cite_note-Krill-2013-9">[9]</a> when <a href="/wiki/Rasmus_Lerdorf" title="Rasmus Lerdorf">Rasmus Lerdorf</a> wrote several <a href="/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface" title="Common Gateway Interface">Common Gateway Interface</a> (CGI) programs in <a href="/wiki/C-programming" class="mw-redirect" title="C-programming">C</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Lerdorf-2012-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> which he used to maintain his <a href="/wiki/Personal_homepage" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal homepage">personal homepage</a>. He extended them to work with <a href="/wiki/Web_form" class="mw-redirect" title="Web form">web forms</a> and to communicate with <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">databases</a>, and called this implementation "Personal Home Page/Forms Interpreter" or PHP/FI. An example of the early PHP <a href="/wiki/Syntax_(programming_languages)" title="Syntax (programming languages)">syntax</a>:<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>   Hey, you are using Netscape!<p>    Sorry, that record does not exist<p>  Welcome !<p> You have  credits left in your account.<p>  </pre></div> PHP/FI could be used to build simple, <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_web_application" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic web application">dynamic web applications</a>. To accelerate <a href="/wiki/Software_bug" title="Software bug">bug</a> reporting and improve the code, Lerdorf initially announced the release of PHP/FI as "Personal Home Page Tools (PHP Tools) version 1.0" on the <a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a> discussion group comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi on 8 June 1995.<a href="#cite_note-Lerdorf-1995-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> This release included basic functionality such as <a href="/wiki/Local_variable#Local_variables_in_Perl" title="Local variable">Perl-like variables</a>, form handling, and the ability to embed <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>. By this point, the <a href="/wiki/Syntax" title="Syntax">syntax</a> had changed to resemble that of <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>, but was simpler, more limited, and less consistent.<a href="#cite_note-php.net-3-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-11">[11]</a> Early PHP was never intended to be a new <a href="/wiki/Programming_language_theory" title="Programming language theory">programming language</a>; rather, it grew organically, with Lerdorf noting in retrospect: "I don't know how to stop it [...] there was never any intent to write a programming language [...] I have absolutely no idea how to write a programming language [...] I just kept adding the next logical step on the way."<a href="#cite_note-Rasmus_Lerdorf-2003-24">[24]</a> A development team began to form and, after months of work and <a href="/wiki/Beta_development_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta development stage">beta</a> testing, officially released PHP/FI 2 in November 1997.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The fact that PHP was not originally designed, but instead was developed organically has led to inconsistent naming of functions and inconsistent ordering of their parameters.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> In some cases, the function names were chosen to match the lower-level libraries which PHP was "wrapping",<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> while in some very early versions of PHP the length of the function names was used internally as a <a href="/wiki/Hash_function" title="Hash function">hash function</a>, so names were chosen to improve the distribution of <a href="/wiki/Hash_values" class="mw-redirect" title="Hash values">hash values</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rasmus_Lerdorf-2013-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PHP_3_and_4">PHP 3 and 4</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: PHP 3 and 4">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Custom-software-developement-php-net.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Custom-software-developement-php-net.JPG/220px-Custom-software-developement-php-net.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Custom-software-developement-php-net.JPG/330px-Custom-software-developement-php-net.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Custom-software-developement-php-net.JPG/440px-Custom-software-developement-php-net.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1239" data-file-height="956" /></a><figcaption>This is an example of PHP code for the <a href="/wiki/WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a> <a href="/wiki/Content_management_system" title="Content management system">content management system</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Zeev_Suraski" title="Zeev Suraski">Zeev Suraski</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andi_Gutmans" title="Andi Gutmans">Andi Gutmans</a> rewrote the <a href="/wiki/Parser" class="mw-redirect" title="Parser">parser</a> in 1997 and formed the base of PHP 3, changing the language's name to the <a href="/wiki/Recursive_acronym" title="Recursive acronym">recursive acronym</a> PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor.<a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Afterwards, public testing of PHP 3 began, and the official launch came in June 1998. Suraski and Gutmans then started a new <a href="/wiki/Rewrite_(programming)" title="Rewrite (programming)">rewrite</a> of PHP's core, producing the <a href="/wiki/Zend_Engine" title="Zend Engine">Zend Engine</a> in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> They also founded <a href="/wiki/Zend_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Zend Technologies">Zend Technologies</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ramat_Gan" title="Ramat Gan">Ramat Gan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-11">[11]</a> On 22 May 2000, PHP 4, powered by the Zend Engine 1.0, was released.<a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-11">[11]</a> By August 2008, this branch had reached version 4.4.9. PHP 4 is now no longer under development and nor are any security updates planned to be released.<a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-2007a-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PHP_5">PHP 5</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: PHP 5">edit</a>]</div> On 1 July 2004, PHP 5 was released, powered by the new Zend Engine II.<a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-11">[11]</a> PHP 5 included new features such as improved support for <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented programming</a>, the PHP Data Objects (PDO) extension (which defines a lightweight and consistent interface for accessing databases), and numerous performance enhancements.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In 2008, PHP 5 became the only stable version under development. <a href="/wiki/Late_static_binding" class="mw-redirect" title="Late static binding">Late static binding</a> had been missing from previous versions of PHP, and was added in version 5.3.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Many high-profile open-source projects ceased to support PHP 4 in new code from February 5, 2008, because of the GoPHP5 initiative,<a href="#cite_note-GoPHP5-36">[36]</a> provided by a consortium of PHP developers promoting the transition from PHP 4 to PHP 5.<a href="#cite_note-GoPHP5_Press_Release-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Over time, PHP interpreters became available on most existing <a href="/wiki/32-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="32-bit">32-bit</a> and <a href="/wiki/64-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="64-bit">64-bit</a> operating systems, either by building them from the PHP source code or by using pre-built binaries.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> For PHP versions 5.3 and 5.4, the only available <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> binary distributions were 32-bit <a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a> builds,<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> requiring Windows 32-bit compatibility mode while using <a href="/wiki/Internet_Information_Services" title="Internet Information Services">Internet Information Services</a> (IIS) on a 64-bit Windows platform. PHP version 5.5 made the 64-bit <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> builds available for Microsoft Windows.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Official security support for PHP 5.6 ended on 31 December 2018.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PHP_6_and_Unicode">PHP 6 and Unicode</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: PHP 6 and Unicode">edit</a>]</div> PHP received mixed reviews due to lacking native <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> support at the core language level.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> In 2005, a project headed by Andrei Zmievski was initiated to bring native <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> support throughout PHP, by embedding the <a href="/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode" title="International Components for Unicode">International Components for Unicode</a> (ICU) library, and representing text strings as <a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a> internally.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Since this would cause major changes both to the internals of the language and to user code, it was planned to release this as version 6.0 of the language, along with other major features then in development.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> However, a shortage of developers who understood the necessary changes, and performance problems arising from conversion to and from UTF-16, which is rarely used in a web context, led to delays in the project.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> As a result, a PHP 5.3 release was created in 2009, with many non-Unicode features back-ported from PHP 6, notably namespaces. In March 2010, the project in its current form was officially abandoned, and a PHP 5.4 release was prepared to contain most remaining non-Unicode features from PHP 6, such as traits and closure re-binding.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Initial hopes were that a new plan would be formed for Unicode integration, but by 2014 none had been adopted.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PHP_7">PHP 7</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: PHP 7">edit</a>]</div> During 2014 and 2015, a new major PHP version was developed, PHP 7. The numbering of this version involved some debate among internal developers.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> While the PHP 6 Unicode experiments had never been released, several articles and book titles referenced the PHP 6 names, which might have caused confusion if a new release were to reuse the name.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> After a vote, the name PHP 7 was chosen.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The foundation of PHP 7 is a PHP <a href="/wiki/Branching_(version_control)" title="Branching (version control)">branch</a> that was originally dubbed PHP next generation (phpng). It was authored by Dmitry Stogov, Xinchen Hui and Nikita Popov,<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> and aimed to optimize PHP performance by refactoring the Zend Engine while retaining near-complete language compatibility.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> By 14 July 2014, <a href="/wiki/WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a>-based benchmarks, which served as the main benchmark suite for the phpng project, showed an almost 100% increase in performance. Changes from phpng make it easier to improve performance in future versions, as more compact data structures and other changes are seen as better suited for a successful migration to a <a href="/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation" title="Just-in-time compilation">just-in-time</a> (JIT) compiler.<a href="#cite_note-php.net-7-55">[55]</a> Because of the significant changes, the reworked Zend Engine was called Zend Engine 3, succeeding Zend Engine 2 used in PHP 5.<a href="#cite_note-github.com-2014-56">[56]</a> Because of the major internal changes in phpng, it must receive a new <a href="/wiki/Software_versioning" title="Software versioning">major version</a> number of PHP, rather than a minor PHP 5 release, according to PHP's release process.<a href="#cite_note-PHP-2011-57">[57]</a> Major versions of PHP are allowed to break backward-compatibility of code and therefore PHP 7 presented an opportunity for other improvements beyond phpng that require backward-compatibility breaks.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In particular, it involved the following changes: <ul><li>Many fatal or recoverable-level legacy PHP error mechanisms were replaced with modern object-oriented <a href="/wiki/Exception_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Exception (computer science)">exceptions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-php.net-58">[58]</a></li> <li>The syntax for variable dereferencing was reworked to be internally more consistent and complete, allowing the use of the operators <code>-></code>, <code>[]</code>, <code>()</code>,<code>{}</code>, and <code>::</code>, with arbitrary meaningful left-side expressions.<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2014b-59">[59]</a></li> <li>Support for legacy PHP 4-style constructor methods was deprecated.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></li> <li>The behavior of the <a href="/wiki/Foreach_loop" title="Foreach loop"><code>foreach</code> statement</a> was changed to be more predictable.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></li> <li>Constructors for the few classes built-in to PHP which returned null upon failure were changed to throw an exception instead, for consistency.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li> <li>Several unmaintained or deprecated <a href="/wiki/Server_application_programming_interface" title="Server application programming interface">server application programming interfaces</a> (SAPIs) and extensions were removed from the PHP core, most notably the legacy <code>mysql</code> extension.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></li> <li>The behavior of the <code>list()</code> operator was changed to remove support for strings.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li> <li>Support was removed for legacy ASP-style delimiters <code><%</code> and <code>%></code> and <code><script language="php"> ... </script></code>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></li> <li>An oversight allowing a <a href="/wiki/Switch_statement" title="Switch statement">switch statement</a> to have multiple <code>default</code> clauses was fixed.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li> <li>Support for hexadecimal number support in some implicit conversions from strings to number types was removed.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Left-shift_operator" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-shift operator">left-shift</a> and <a href="/wiki/Right-shift_operator" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-shift operator">right-shift</a> operators were changed to behave more consistently across platforms.<a href="#cite_note-php.net-5-68">[68]</a></li> <li>Conversions between floating-point numbers and integers were changed (e.g. infinity changed to convert to zero) and implemented more consistently across platforms.<a href="#cite_note-php.net-5-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></li></ul> PHP 7 also included new language features. Most notably, it introduced return type declarations for functions<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2015a-70">[70]</a> which complement the existing parameter type declarations, and support for the <a href="/wiki/Variable_(computer_science)" title="Variable (computer science)">scalar</a> types (integer, float, string, and boolean) in parameter and return type declarations.<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2015b-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PHP_8">PHP 8</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: PHP 8">edit</a>]</div> PHP 8 was released on 26 November 2020, and is currently the second-most used PHP major version. PHP 8 is a major version and has breaking changes from previous versions.<a href="#cite_note-Brent-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-PHP-73">[73]</a> New features and notable changes include: <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Just-in-time_compilation">Just-in-time compilation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Just-in-time compilation">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation" title="Just-in-time compilation">Just-in-time compilation</a> is supported in PHP 8.<a href="#cite_note-wiki.php.net-2-74">[74]</a> PHP 8's <a href="/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation" title="Just-in-time compilation">JIT compiler</a> can provide substantial performance improvements for some use cases,<a href="#cite_note-Brent-2-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> while (then PHP) developer Nikita Popov stated that the performance improvements for most websites will be less substantial than the upgrade from PHP 5 to PHP 7.<a href="#cite_note-Popov-2020-77">[77]</a> Substantial improvements are expected more for mathematical-type operations than for common web-development use cases.<a href="#cite_note-Popov-2020-77">[77]</a> Additionally, the JIT compiler provides the future potential to move some code from C to PHP, due to the performance improvements for some use cases.<a href="#cite_note-Daniele-2020-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Addition_of_the_match_expression">Addition of the match expression</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Addition of the match expression">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/PHP_syntax_and_semantics#Match_expression" title="PHP syntax and semantics">PHP syntax and semantics § Match expression</a></div> PHP 8 introduced the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">match</code> expression.<a href="#cite_note-Redmond-2020-79">[79]</a> The match expression is conceptually similar to a <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">switch</code> statement and is more compact for some use cases.<a href="#cite_note-PHP_Watch-80">[80]</a> Because <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">match</code> is an expression, its result can be assigned to a variable or returned from a function.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Type_changes_and_additions">Type changes and additions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Type changes and additions">edit</a>]</div> PHP 8 introduced union types, a new <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">static</code> return type, and a new <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">mixed</code> type.<a href="#cite_note-Brent-72">[72]</a> "Attributes", often referred to as "annotations" in other programming languages, were added in PHP 8, which allow metadata to be added to classes.<a href="#cite_note-Brent-72">[72]</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">throw</code> was changed from being a statement to being an expression.<a href="#cite_note-wiki.php.net-4-82">[82]</a> This allows exceptions to be thrown in places that were not previously possible.<a href="#cite_note-Brent-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Syntax_changes_and_additions">Syntax changes and additions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Syntax changes and additions">edit</a>]</div> PHP 8 includes changes to allow alternate, more concise, or more consistent syntaxes in a number of scenarios. For example, the nullsafe operator is similar to the <a href="/wiki/Null_coalescing_operator" title="Null coalescing operator">null coalescing operator</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">??</code>, but used when calling methods.<a href="#cite_note-wiki.php.net-83">[83]</a> The following code snippet will not throw an error if <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">getBirthday()</code> returns null: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>$human_readable_date = $user->getBirthday()?->diffForHumans(); </pre></div> Constructor property promotion has been added as "<a href="/wiki/Syntactic_sugar" title="Syntactic sugar">syntactic sugar</a>," allowing class properties to be set automatically when parameters are passed into a class <a href="/wiki/Constructor_(object-oriented_programming)" title="Constructor (object-oriented programming)">constructor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brent-72">[72]</a> This reduces the amount of <a href="/wiki/Boilerplate_code" title="Boilerplate code">boilerplate code</a> that must be written.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Other minor changes include support for use of <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">::class</code> on objects, which serves as an alternative for the use of <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">get_class()</code>;<a href="#cite_note-Brent-72">[72]</a> non-capturing catches in try-catch blocks; variable syntax tweaks to resolve inconsistencies; support for named arguments; and support for trailing commas in parameter lists, which adds consistency with support for trailing commas in other contexts, such as in arrays.<a href="#cite_note-PHP-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Standard_library_changes_and_additions">Standard library changes and additions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Standard library changes and additions">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Weak maps were added in PHP 8. A <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">WeakMap</code> holds references to objects, but these references do not prevent such objects from being <a href="/wiki/Garbage_collection_(computer_science)" title="Garbage collection (computer science)">garbage collected</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wiki.php.net-3-85">[85]</a> This can provide performance improvements in scenarios where data is being <a href="/wiki/Cache_(computing)" title="Cache (computing)">cached</a>; this is of particular relevance for <a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93relational_mapping" title="Object–relational mapping">object–relational mappings</a> (ORM).<a href="#cite_note-Brent-72">[72]</a></li> <li>Various adjustments to interfaces, such as adding support for creating <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">DateTime</code> objects from interfaces, and the addition of a <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">Stringable</code> interface that can be used for type hinting.<a href="#cite_note-Brent-72">[72]</a></li> <li>Various new functions including <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">str_contains()</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">str_starts_with()</code>, and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">str_ends_with()</code>;<a href="#cite_note-Merchant-2020-86">[86]</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">fdiv()</code>; <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">get_debug_type()</code>; and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">get_resource_id()</code><a href="#cite_note-Brent-72">[72]</a></li> <li>Object implementation of <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">token_get_all()</code><a href="#cite_note-Brent-72">[72]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Additional_changes">Additional changes</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Additional changes">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Type annotations were also added into PHP's C source code itself to allow internal functions and methods to have "complete type information in reflection."<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></li> <li>Inheritance with private methods<a href="#cite_note-Brent-72">[72]</a></li> <li>Abstract methods in traits improvements<a href="#cite_note-Brent-72">[72]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PHP_8.1">PHP 8.1</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: PHP 8.1">edit</a>]</div> PHP 8.1 was released on November 25, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> It added support for <a href="/wiki/Enumerated_type" title="Enumerated type">enumerations</a> (also called "enums"), declaring properties as <code>readonly</code> (which prevents modification of the property after initialization), and array unpacking with string keys. The new <a href="/wiki/Bottom_type" title="Bottom type">never type</a> can be used to indicate that a function does not return.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PHP_8.2">PHP 8.2</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: PHP 8.2">edit</a>]</div> PHP 8.2 was released on December 8, 2022.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> New in this release are <code>readonly</code> classes (whose instance properties are implicitly readonly), <a href="/wiki/Disjunctive_normal_form" title="Disjunctive normal form">disjunctive normal form</a> (DNF) types, and the <code>random</code> extension, which provides a <a href="/wiki/Pseudorandom_number_generator" title="Pseudorandom number generator">pseudorandom number generator</a> with an object-oriented <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a>,<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Sensitive Parameter value redaction, and a ton of other features. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PHP_8.3">PHP 8.3</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: PHP 8.3">edit</a>]</div> PHP 8.3 was released on November 23, 2023. This release introduced readonly array properties, allowing arrays to be declared as immutable after initialization. It also added support for class aliases for built-in PHP classes, new methods for random float generation in the Random extension, and enhanced PHP INI settings with fallback value support. Additionally, the new <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style>stream_context_set_options function provides improved API for stream manipulation, among other updates and deprecations. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PHP_8.4">PHP 8.4</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: PHP 8.4">edit</a>]</div> PHP 8.4 was released on November 21, 2024. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Release_history">Release history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Release history">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1253789634">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>thead>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption+tbody>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-datatable{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#333)}</style> <table class="wikitable mw-datatable mw-collapsible sticky-header"> <tbody><tr> <th>Version </th> <th style="min-width: 10em;">Release date </th> <th style="min-width: 10em;">Supported until<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2-92">[92]</a> </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="1.0">Old version, no longer maintained: 1.0 </td> <td>8 June 1995 </td> <td> </td> <td>Officially called "Personal Home Page Tools (PHP Tools)". This is the first use of the name "PHP".<a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="2.0">Old version, no longer maintained: 2.0 </td> <td>1 November 1997 </td> <td> </td> <td>Officially called "PHP/FI 2.0". This is the first release that could actually be characterised as PHP, being a standalone language with many features that have endured to the present day. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="3.0">Old version, no longer maintained: 3.0 </td> <td>6 June 1998 </td> <td>20 October 2000<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2-92">[92]</a> </td> <td>Development moves from one person to multiple developers. Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans rewritten the base for this version.<a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="4.0">Old version, no longer maintained: 4.0 </td> <td>22 May 2000<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> </td> <td>23 June 2001<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2-92">[92]</a> </td> <td>Added more advanced two-stage parse/execute tag-parsing system called the Zend engine.<a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-2008-94">[94]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="4.1">Old version, no longer maintained: 4.1 </td> <td>10 December 2001<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> </td> <td>12 March 2002<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2-92">[92]</a> </td> <td>Introduced "superglobals" (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">$_GET</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">$_POST</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">$_SESSION</code>, etc.)<a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-2008-94">[94]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="4.2">Old version, no longer maintained: 4.2 </td> <td>22 April 2002<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> </td> <td>6 September 2002<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2-92">[92]</a> </td> <td>Disabled <code>register_globals</code> by default. Data received over the network is not inserted directly into the <a href="/wiki/Global_variable" title="Global variable">global</a> namespace anymore, closing possible security holes in applications.<a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-2008-94">[94]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="4.3">Old version, no longer maintained: 4.3 </td> <td>27 December 2002<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> </td> <td>31 March 2005<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2-92">[92]</a> </td> <td>Introduced the <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line interface</a> (CLI), to supplement the CGI.<a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-2008-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-PHP_Manual-2-98">[98]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="4.4">Old version, no longer maintained: 4.4 </td> <td>11 July 2005<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> </td> <td>7 August 2008<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2-92">[92]</a> </td> <td>Fixed a memory corruption bug, which required breaking binary compatibility with extensions compiled against PHP version 4.3.x.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="5.0">Old version, no longer maintained: 5.0 </td> <td>13 July 2004<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> </td> <td>5 September 2005<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2-92">[92]</a> </td> <td>Zend Engine II with a new object model.<a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-2007-102">[102]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="5.1">Old version, no longer maintained: 5.1 </td> <td>24 November 2005<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> </td> <td>24 August 2006<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2-92">[92]</a> </td> <td>Performance improvements with the introduction of compiler variables in re-engineered PHP Engine.<a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-2007-102">[102]</a> Added PHP Data Objects (PDO) as a consistent interface for accessing databases.<a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-2011-104">[104]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="5.2">Old version, no longer maintained: 5.2 </td> <td>2 November 2006<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> </td> <td>6 January 2011<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2-92">[92]</a> </td> <td>Enabled the filter extension by default. Native <a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a> support.<a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-2007-102">[102]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="5.3">Old version, no longer maintained: 5.3 </td> <td>30 June 2009<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> </td> <td>14 August 2014<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2-92">[92]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Namespace" title="Namespace">Namespace</a> support; <a href="/wiki/Name_binding" title="Name binding">late static bindings</a>, jump label (limited <a href="/wiki/Goto" title="Goto">goto</a>), <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_function" title="Anonymous function">anonymous functions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Closure_(computer_programming)" title="Closure (computer programming)">closures</a>, PHP archives (phar), <a href="/wiki/Garbage_collection_(computer_science)" title="Garbage collection (computer science)">garbage collection</a> for circular references, improved <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> support, sqlite3, mysqlnd as a replacement for libmysql as the underlying library for the extensions that work with <a href="/wiki/MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a>, fileinfo as a replacement for mime_magic for better <a href="/wiki/MIME" title="MIME">MIME</a> support, the Internationalization extension, and deprecation of ereg extension. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="5.4">Old version, no longer maintained: 5.4 </td> <td>1 March 2012<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> </td> <td>3 September 2015<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2-92">[92]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trait_(computer_programming)" title="Trait (computer programming)">Trait</a> support, short array syntax support. Removed items: <code>register_globals</code>, <code>safe_mode</code>, <code>allow_call_time_pass_reference</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">session_register()</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">session_unregister()</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">session_is_registered()</code>. Built-in web server.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Several improvements to existing features, performance and reduced memory requirements. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="5.5">Old version, no longer maintained: 5.5 </td> <td>20 June 2013<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> </td> <td>10 July 2016<a href="#cite_note-php.net-8-110">[110]</a> </td> <td>Support for <a href="/wiki/Generator_(computer_programming)" title="Generator (computer programming)">generators</a>, <code>finally</code> blocks for exceptions handling, OpCache (based on Zend Optimizer+) bundled in official distribution.<a href="#cite_note-php.net-9-111">[111]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="5.6">Old version, no longer maintained: 5.6 </td> <td>28 August 2014<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> </td> <td>31 December 2018<a href="#cite_note-php.net-8-110">[110]</a> </td> <td>Constant scalar expressions, <a href="/wiki/Variadic_function" title="Variadic function">variadic functions</a>, argument unpacking, new exponentiation operator, extensions of the <code>use</code> statement for functions and constants, new <code>phpdbg</code> debugger as a SAPI module, and other smaller improvements.<a href="#cite_note-php.net-10-113">[113]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:silver;">6.x </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">Not released </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>Abandoned version of PHP that planned to include native Unicode support.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="7.0">Old version, no longer maintained: 7.0 </td> <td>3 December 2015<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2018-116">[116]</a> </td> <td>10 January 2019<a href="#cite_note-PHP-2011-57">[57]</a> </td> <td>Zend Engine 3 (performance improvements<a href="#cite_note-php.net-7-55">[55]</a> and 64-bit integer support on Windows<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a>), uniform variable syntax,<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2014b-59">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abstract_Syntax_Tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract Syntax Tree">AST</a>-based compilation process,<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> added <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">Closure::call()</code>,<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> bitwise shift consistency across platforms,<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">??</code> (<a href="/wiki/Null_coalescing_operator" title="Null coalescing operator">null coalesce</a>) operator,<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> code point <a href="/wiki/String_literal#Escape_sequences" title="String literal">escape syntax</a>,<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> return type declarations,<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2015a-70">[70]</a> scalar type (integer, float, string and boolean) declarations,<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2015b-71">[71]</a> <code><=></code> "spaceship" <a href="/wiki/Three-way_comparison" title="Three-way comparison">three-way comparison</a> operator,<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <a href="/wiki/Generator_(computer_programming)" title="Generator (computer programming)">generator</a> delegation,<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Anonymous class">anonymous classes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> simpler and more consistently available <a href="/wiki/CSPRNG" class="mw-redirect" title="CSPRNG">CSPRNG</a> API,<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> replacement of many remaining internal PHP "errors" with the more modern <a href="/wiki/Exception_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Exception (computer science)">exceptions</a>,<a href="#cite_note-php.net-58">[58]</a> and shorthand syntax for importing multiple items from a namespace.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="7.1">Old version, no longer maintained: 7.1 </td> <td>1 December 2016 </td> <td>1 December 2019<a href="#cite_note-php.net-8-110">[110]</a> </td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">iterable</code> type,<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> nullable types,<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> <a href="/wiki/Void_type" title="Void type"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">void</code> return type</a>,<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> class constant <a href="/wiki/Information_hiding" title="Information hiding">visibility modifiers</a>,<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> short list syntax,<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> multi-catch<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="7.2">Old version, no longer maintained: 7.2 </td> <td>30 November 2017 </td> <td>30 November 2020<a href="#cite_note-php.net-8-110">[110]</a> </td> <td>Object parameter and return type declaration,<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> libsodium extension,<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> abstract method overriding,<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> parameter type widening<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="7.3">Old version, no longer maintained: 7.3 </td> <td>6 December 2018<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> </td> <td>6 December 2021 </td> <td>Flexible <a href="/wiki/Here_document#PHP" title="Here document">Heredoc</a> and Nowdoc syntax,<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> support for reference assignment and array deconstruction with <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">list()</code>,<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> PCRE2 support,<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">hrtime</code> function<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="7.4">Old version, no longer maintained: 7.4 </td> <td>28 November 2019<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> </td> <td>28 November 2022 </td> <td>Typed properties 2.0,<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> preloading,<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> null-coalescing assignment operator,<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> improve <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">openssl_random_pseudo_bytes</code>,<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> weak references,<a href="#cite_note-wiki.php.net-3-85">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_function_interface" title="Foreign function interface">foreign function interface</a> (FFI),<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> always available hash extension,<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> password hash registry,<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> multibyte string splitting,<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> reflection for references,<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> unbundle ext/wddx,<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> new custom object serialization mechanism<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="8.0">Old version, no longer maintained: 8.0 </td> <td>26 November 2020<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> </td> <td>26 November 2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation" title="Just-in-time compilation">Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-wiki.php.net-2-74">[74]</a> arrays starting with a negative index,<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> stricter/saner language semantics (validation for abstract trait methods),<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> saner string to number comparisons,<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> saner numeric strings,<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">TypeError</code> on invalid arithmetic/bitwise operators,<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> reclassification of various engine errors,<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> consistent type errors for internal functions,<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> fatal error for incompatible method signatures<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a>), locale-independent float to string conversion,<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> variable syntax tweaks,<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> attributes,<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> named arguments,<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> match expression,<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> constructor property promotion,<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> union types,<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">mixed</code> type,<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> static return type,<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> nullsafe operator,<a href="#cite_note-wiki.php.net-83">[83]</a> non-capturing catches,<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">throw</code> expression,<a href="#cite_note-wiki.php.net-4-82">[82]</a> JSON extension is always available.<a href="#cite_note-Andre-177">[177]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="templateVersion co" style="color:black; background-color: #FEF8C6;" title="Old version, yet still maintained" data-sort-value="8.1">Old version, yet still maintained: 8.1 </td> <td>25 November 2021<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> </td> <td>31 December 2025 </td> <td>Explicit octal integer literal notation,<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> enumerations,<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> read-only properties,<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> first-class callable syntax,<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">new</code> in initializers,<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> pure intersection types,<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">never</code> return type,<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">final</code> class constraints,<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> fibers<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="templateVersion co" style="color:black; background-color: #FEF8C6;" title="Old version, yet still maintained" data-sort-value="8.2">Old version, yet still maintained: 8.2 </td> <td>8 December 2022<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> </td> <td>31 December 2026 </td> <td>Readonly classes,<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">null</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">false</code>, and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">true</code> as stand-alone types,<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> locale-independent case conversion,<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> disjunctive normal form types,<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> constants in traits<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="templateVersion co" style="color:black; background-color: #FEF8C6;" title="Old version, yet still maintained" data-sort-value="8.3">Old version, yet still maintained: 8.3 </td> <td>23 November 2023<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> </td> <td>31 December 2027 </td> <td>Typed class constants,<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> dynamic class constant fetch,<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#[\Override]</code> attribute,<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> deep-cloning of read-only properties,<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> new <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">json_validate</code> function,<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> randomizer additions,<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> the command-line linter supports multiple files </td></tr> <tr> <td class="templateVersion c" style="color:black; background-color: #D4F4B4;" title="Current stable version" data-sort-value="8.4">Current stable version: 8.4 </td> <td>21 November 2024<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> </td> <td>31 December 2028 </td> <td>Property hooks, asymmetric visibility, an updated DOM API, performance improvements, bug fixes, and general cleanup. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="templateVersion p" style="color:black; background-color: #C1E6F5;" title="Future release" data-sort-value="9.0">Future release: 9.0 </td> <td>Unannounced </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="4"><div class="templateVersion l" style="margin-left: -1em;"><div style="float: left; margin-left: 1em;">Legend:</div><div style="float: left; margin-left: 1em;">Old version, not maintained</div><div style="float: left; margin-left: 1em;">Old version, still maintained</div><div style="float: left; margin-left: 1em;">Latest version</div><div style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; display: none;">Latest preview version</div><div style="float: left; margin-left: 1em;">Future release</div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> Beginning on 28 June 2011, the PHP Development Team implemented a timeline for the release of new versions of PHP.<a href="#cite_note-PHP-2011-57">[57]</a> Under this system, at least one release should occur every month. Once per year, a minor release should occur which may include new features. Every minor release should at least be supported for two years with security and bug fixes, followed by at least one year of only security fixes, for a total of a three-year release process for every minor release. No new features, unless small and self-contained, are to be introduced into a minor release during the three-year release process. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mascot">Mascot</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Mascot">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Webysther_20160423_-_Elephpant.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Webysther_20160423_-_Elephpant.svg/200px-Webysther_20160423_-_Elephpant.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Webysther_20160423_-_Elephpant.svg/300px-Webysther_20160423_-_Elephpant.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Webysther_20160423_-_Elephpant.svg/400px-Webysther_20160423_-_Elephpant.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>The elePHPant, PHP mascot</figcaption></figure> The mascot of the PHP project is the elePHPant, a blue <a href="/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">elephant</a> with the PHP logo on its side, designed by Vincent Pontier<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> "The (PHP) letters were forming the shape of an elephant if viewed in a sideways angle."<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> The elePHPant is sometimes differently coloured when in <a href="/wiki/Plush_toy" class="mw-redirect" title="Plush toy">plush toy</a> form.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> Many variations of this mascot have been made over the years. Only the elePHPants based on the original design by Vincent Pontier are considered official by the community.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> These are collectable and some of them are extremely rare.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syntax">Syntax</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Syntax">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/PHP_syntax_and_semantics" title="PHP syntax and semantics">PHP syntax and semantics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Hello_World%22_Application_in_PHP.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%22Hello_World%22_Application_in_PHP.png/220px-%22Hello_World%22_Application_in_PHP.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%22Hello_World%22_Application_in_PHP.png/330px-%22Hello_World%22_Application_in_PHP.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%22Hello_World%22_Application_in_PHP.png/440px-%22Hello_World%22_Application_in_PHP.png 2x" data-file-width="1902" data-file-height="1096" /></a><figcaption>A "Hello, World" application in PHP 7.4 running on its built-in development server</figcaption></figure> The following <a href="/wiki/%22Hello,_World!%22_program" title=""Hello, World!" program">"Hello, World!" program</a> is written in PHP code embedded in an <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> document: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html+php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>PHP "Hello, World!" program</title> </head> <body> <p><?= 'Hello, World!' ?></p> </body> </html> </pre></div> However, as no requirement exists for PHP code to be embedded in HTML, the simplest version of Hello, World! may be written like this, with the closing tag <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">?></code> omitted as preferred in files containing pure PHP code.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php5 mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><?php echo 'Hello, World!'; </pre></div> The PHP interpreter only executes PHP code within its <a href="/wiki/Delimiter" title="Delimiter">delimiters</a>. Anything outside of its delimiters is not processed by PHP, although the non-PHP text is still subject to <a href="/wiki/Control_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Control structure">control structures</a> described in PHP code. The most common delimiters are <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><?php</code> to open and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">?></code> to close PHP sections. The shortened form <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><?</code> also exists. This short delimiter makes script files less portable since support for them can be disabled in the local PHP configuration and it is therefore discouraged.<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2008-210">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-3-211">[211]</a> Conversely, there is no recommendation against the echo short tag <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><?=</code>.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> Prior to PHP 5.4.0, this short syntax for <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">echo</code> only works with the <code>short_open_tag</code> configuration setting enabled, while for PHP 5.4.0 and later it is always available.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-php.net-2008-210">[210]</a> The purpose of all these delimiters is to separate PHP code from non-PHP content, such as <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> code or HTML markup.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> So the shortest <a href="/wiki/%22Hello,_World!%22_program" title=""Hello, World!" program">"Hello, World!" program</a> written in PHP is: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html+php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><?='Hello, World!'; </pre></div> The first form of delimiters, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><?php</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">?></code>, in <a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a> and other <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> documents, creates correctly formed XML processing instructions.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> This means that the resulting mixture of PHP code and other markups in the server-side file is itself well-formed XML. Variables are <a href="/wiki/Sigil_(computer_programming)" title="Sigil (computer programming)">prefixed</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Dollar_sign" title="Dollar sign">dollar symbol</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Primitive_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Primitive type">type</a> does not need to be specified in advance. PHP 5 introduced type declarations that allow functions to force their parameters to be objects of a specific class, arrays, interfaces or <a href="/wiki/Callback_function" class="mw-redirect" title="Callback function">callback functions</a>. However, before PHP 7, type declarations could not be used with scalar types such as integers or strings.<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2015b-71">[71]</a> Below is an example of how PHP variables are declared and initialized. <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><?php $name = 'John'; // variable of string type being declared and initialized $age = 18; // variable of integer type being declared and initialized $height = 5.3; // variable of double type being declared and initialized echo $name . ' is ' . $height . "m tall\n"; // concatenating variables and strings echo "$name is $age years old."; // interpolating variables to string ?> </pre></div> Unlike function and class names, variable names are case-sensitive. Both double-quoted ("") and <a href="/wiki/Heredoc" class="mw-redirect" title="Heredoc">heredoc</a> strings provide the ability to interpolate a variable's value into the string.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> PHP treats <a href="/wiki/Newline" title="Newline">newlines</a> as <a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">whitespace</a> in the manner of a <a href="/wiki/Free-form_language" title="Free-form language">free-form language</a>, and statements are terminated by a semicolon.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> PHP has three types of <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_programming_languages_(syntax)#Comments" title="Comparison of programming languages (syntax)">comment syntax</a>: <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">/* */</code> marks block and inline comments; <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">//</code> or <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">#</code> are used for one-line comments.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> The <code>echo</code> statement is one of several facilities PHP provides to output text.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In terms of keywords and language syntax, PHP is similar to C-style syntax. <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">if</code> conditions, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">for</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">while</code> loops and function returns are similar in syntax to languages such as C, C++, C#, Java and Perl.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_types">Data types</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Data types">edit</a>]</div> PHP is <a href="/wiki/Strong_and_weak_typing" title="Strong and weak typing">loosely typed</a>. It stores integers in a platform-dependent range, either as a 32, 64 or 128-bit <a href="/wiki/Signed_number_representations" title="Signed number representations">signed</a> <a href="/wiki/Integer_(computer_science)" title="Integer (computer science)">integer</a> equivalent to the <a href="/wiki/C_variable_types_and_declarations" class="mw-redirect" title="C variable types and declarations">C-language long type</a>. Unsigned integers are converted to signed values in certain situations, which is different behaviour to many other programming languages.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> Integer variables can be assigned using decimal (positive and negative), <a href="/wiki/Octal" title="Octal">octal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Binary_code" title="Binary code">binary</a> notations.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Floating-point_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Floating-point number">Floating-point numbers</a> are also stored in a platform-specific range. They can be specified using floating-point notation, or two forms of <a href="/wiki/Scientific_notation" title="Scientific notation">scientific notation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-2-221">[221]</a> PHP has a native <a href="/wiki/Boolean_data_type" title="Boolean data type">Boolean</a> type that is similar to the native Boolean types in <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> and <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>. Using the Boolean type conversion rules, non-zero values are interpreted as true and zero as false, as in <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a> and C++.<a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-2-221">[221]</a> The null data type represents a variable that has no value; <code>NULL</code> is the only allowed value for this data type.<a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-2-221">[221]</a> Variables of the "resource" type represent references to resources from external sources. These are typically created by functions from a particular extension, and can only be processed by functions from the same extension; examples include file, image, and database resources.<a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-2-221">[221]</a> Arrays can contain elements of any type that PHP can handle, including resources, objects, and even other arrays. Order is preserved in lists of values and in <a href="/wiki/Hash_table" title="Hash table">hashes</a> with both keys and values, and the two can be intermingled.<a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-2-221">[221]</a> PHP also supports <a href="/wiki/String_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="String (computing)">strings</a>, which can be used with single quotes, double quotes, nowdoc or <a href="/wiki/Heredoc" class="mw-redirect" title="Heredoc">heredoc</a> syntax.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> The Standard PHP Library (SPL) attempts to solve standard problems and implements efficient data access interfaces and classes.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Functions">Functions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Functions">edit</a>]</div> PHP defines a large array of functions in the core language and many are also available in various extensions; these functions are well documented online <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.php.net/docs.php">PHP documentation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2014a-224">[224]</a> However, the built-in library has a wide variety of naming conventions and associated inconsistencies, as described under <a href="#History">history</a> above. Custom functions may be defined by the developer: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>function myAge(int $birthYear): string { // calculate the age by subtracting the birth year from the current year. $yearsOld = date('Y') - $birthYear; // return the age in a descriptive string. return $yearsOld . ($yearsOld == 1 ? ' year' : ' years'); } echo 'I am currently ' . myAge(1995) . ' old.'; </pre></div> As of 2024, the output of the above sample program is "I am currently 29 years old." In lieu of <a href="/wiki/Function_pointer" title="Function pointer">function pointers</a>, functions in PHP can be referenced by a string containing their name. In this manner, normal PHP functions can be used, for example, as <a href="/wiki/Callback_function" class="mw-redirect" title="Callback function">callbacks</a> or within <a href="/wiki/Function_table" class="mw-redirect" title="Function table">function tables</a>.<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2014c-225">[225]</a> User-defined functions may be created at any time without being <a href="/wiki/Function_prototype" title="Function prototype">prototyped</a>.<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2014a-224">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-php.net-2014c-225">[225]</a> Functions may be defined inside code blocks, permitting a <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_dispatch" title="Dynamic dispatch">run-time decision</a> as to whether or not a function should be defined. There is a <code>function_exists</code> function that determines whether a function with a given name has already been defined. Function calls must use parentheses, with the exception of zero-argument class <a href="/wiki/Constructor_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constructor (computer science)">constructor</a> functions called with the PHP operator <code>new</code>, in which case parentheses are optional.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Since PHP 4.0.1 <code>create_function()</code>, a thin wrapper around <code>eval()</code>, allowed normal PHP functions to be created during program execution; it was deprecated in PHP 7.2 and removed in PHP 8.0<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> in favor of syntax for <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_function" title="Anonymous function">anonymous functions</a> or "<a href="/wiki/Closure_(computer_programming)" title="Closure (computer programming)">closures</a>"<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> that can capture variables from the surrounding scope, which was added in PHP 5.3. Shorthand arrow syntax was added in PHP 7.4:<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>function getAdder($x) { return fn($y) => $x + $y; } $adder = getAdder(8); echo $adder(2); // prints "10" </pre></div> In the example above, <code>getAdder()</code> function creates a closure using passed argument <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">$x</code>, which takes an additional argument <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">$y</code>, and returns the created closure to the caller. Such a function is a first-class object, meaning that it can be stored in a variable, passed as a <a href="/wiki/Parameter_(computer_programming)" title="Parameter (computer programming)">parameter</a> to other functions, etc.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> Unusually for a dynamically typed language, PHP supports type declarations on function parameters, which are enforced at runtime. This has been supported for classes and interfaces since PHP 5.0, for arrays since PHP 5.1, for "callables" since PHP 5.4, and scalar (integer, float, string and boolean) types since PHP 7.0.<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2015b-71">[71]</a> PHP 7.0 also has type declarations for function return types, expressed by placing the type name after the list of parameters, preceded by a colon.<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2015a-70">[70]</a> For example, the <code>getAdder</code> function from the earlier example could be annotated with types like so in PHP 7: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>function getAdder(int $x): Closure { return fn(int $y): int => $x + $y; } $adder = getAdder(8); echo $adder(2); // prints "10" echo $adder(null); // throws an exception because an incorrect type was passed $adder = getAdder([]); // would also throw an exception </pre></div> By default, scalar type declarations follow weak typing principles. So, for example, if a parameter's type is <code>int</code>, PHP would allow not only integers, but also convertible numeric strings, floats or Booleans to be passed to that function, and would convert them.<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2015b-71">[71]</a> However, PHP 7 has a "strict typing" mode which, when used, disallows such conversions for function calls and returns within a file.<a href="#cite_note-php.net-2015b-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PHP_objects">PHP objects</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: PHP objects">edit</a>]</div> Basic <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented programming</a> functionality was added in PHP 3 and improved in PHP 4.<a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-11">[11]</a> This allowed for PHP to gain further abstraction, making creative tasks easier for programmers using the language. Object handling was completely rewritten for PHP 5, expanding the feature set and enhancing performance.<a href="#cite_note-mjtsai.com-230">[230]</a> In previous versions of PHP, objects were handled like <a href="/wiki/Value_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Value type">value types</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mjtsai.com-230">[230]</a> The drawback of this method was that code had to make heavy use of PHP's "reference" variables if it wanted to modify an object it was passed rather than creating a copy of it. In the new approach, objects are referenced by <a href="/wiki/Handle_(computing)" title="Handle (computing)">handle</a>, and not by value.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] PHP 5 introduced private and protected <a href="/wiki/Member_variable" title="Member variable">member variables</a> and methods, along with <a href="/wiki/Abstract_type" title="Abstract type">abstract classes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Final_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Final type">final classes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abstract_method" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract method">abstract methods</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Final_method" class="mw-redirect" title="Final method">final methods</a>. It also introduced a standard way of declaring <a href="/wiki/Constructor_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constructor (computer science)">constructors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Destructor_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Destructor (computer science)">destructors</a>, similar to that of other object-oriented languages such as <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, and a standard <a href="/wiki/Exception_handling" title="Exception handling">exception handling</a> model. Furthermore, PHP 5 added <a href="/wiki/Interface_(computing)" title="Interface (computing)">interfaces</a> and allowed for multiple interfaces to be implemented. There are special interfaces that allow objects to interact with the runtime system. <a href="/wiki/Object_(computer_science)" title="Object (computer science)">Objects</a> implementing ArrayAccess can be used with <a href="/wiki/Array_data_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Array data type">array</a> syntax and objects implementing <a href="/wiki/Iterator" title="Iterator">Iterator</a> or <a href="/wiki/IteratorAggregate" class="mw-redirect" title="IteratorAggregate">IteratorAggregate</a> can be used with the <code>foreach</code> <a href="/wiki/Language_construct" title="Language construct">language construct</a>. There is no <a href="/wiki/Virtual_table" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual table">virtual table</a> feature in the engine, so <a href="/wiki/Static_variable" title="Static variable">static variables</a> are bound with a name instead of a reference at compile time.<a href="#cite_note-The_PHP_Group-4-231">[231]</a> If the developer creates a copy of an object using the reserved word <code>clone</code>, the Zend engine will check whether a <code>__clone()</code> method has been defined. If not, it will call a default <code>__clone()</code> which will copy the object's properties. If a <code>__clone()</code> method is defined, then it will be responsible for setting the necessary properties in the created object. For convenience, the engine will supply a function that imports the properties of the source object, so the programmer can start with a by-value <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/replica" class="extiw" title="wikt:replica">replica</a> of the source object and only override properties that need to be changed.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Visibility_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Visibility (computer science)">visibility</a> of PHP properties and methods is defined using the <a href="/wiki/Keyword_(computer_programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Keyword (computer programming)">keywords</a> <code>public</code>, <code>private</code>, and <code>protected</code>. The default is public, if only <a href="/wiki/Variable_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Variable (programming)">var</a> is used; <code>var</code> is a synonym for <code>public</code>. Items declared <code>public</code> can be accessed everywhere. <code>protected</code> limits access to <a href="/wiki/Inherited_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Inherited class">inherited classes</a> (and to the class that defines the item). <code>private</code> limits visibility only to the class that defines the item.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> Objects of the same type have access to each other's private and protected members even though they are not the same instance.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Example">Example</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Example">edit</a>]</div> The following is a basic example of <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented programming</a> in PHP 8: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre><?php abstract class User { protected string $name; public function __construct(string $name) { // make first letter uppercase and the rest lowercase $this->name = ucfirst(strtolower($name)); } public function greet(): string { return "Hello, my name is " . $this->name; } abstract public function job(): string; } class Student extends User { public function __construct(string $name, private string $course) { parent::__construct($name); } public function job(): string { return "I learn " . $this->course; } } class Teacher extends User { public function __construct(string $name, private array $teachingCourses) { parent::__construct($name); } public function job(): string { return "I teach " . implode(", ", $this->teachingCourses); } } $students = [ new Student("Alice", "Computer Science"), new Student("Bob", "Computer Science"), new Student("Charlie", "Business Studies"), ]; $teachers = [ new Teacher("Dan", ["Computer Science", "Information Security"]), new Teacher("Erin", ["Computer Science", "3D Graphics Programming"]), new Teacher("Frankie", ["Online Marketing", "Business Studies", "E-commerce"]), ]; foreach ([$students, $teachers] as $users) { echo $users[0]::class . "s:\n"; array_walk($users, function (User $user) { echo "{$user->greet()}, {$user->job()}\n"; }); } </pre></div> This program outputs the following: <pre>Students: Hello, my name is Alice, I learn Computer Science Hello, my name is Bob, I learn Computer Science Hello, my name is Charlie, I learn Business Studies Teachers: Hello, my name is Dan, I teach Computer Science, Information Security Hello, my name is Erin, I teach Computer Science, 3D Graphics Programming Hello, my name is Frankie, I teach Online Marketing, Business Studies, E-commerce </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementations">Implementations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Implementations">edit</a>]</div> The only complete PHP implementation is the original, known simply as PHP. It is the most widely used and is powered by the <a href="/wiki/Zend_Engine" title="Zend Engine">Zend Engine</a>. To disambiguate it from other implementations, it is sometimes unofficially called "Zend PHP". The Zend Engine <a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">compiles</a> PHP <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> on-the-fly into an internal format that it can execute, thus it works as an <a href="/wiki/Interpreter_(computing)" title="Interpreter (computing)">interpreter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> It is also the "reference implementation" of PHP, as PHP has no formal specification, and so the semantics of Zend PHP define the semantics of PHP. Due to the complex and nuanced semantics of PHP, defined by how Zend works, it is difficult for competing implementations to offer complete compatibility.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] PHP's single-request-per-script-execution model, and the fact that the Zend Engine is an interpreter, leads to inefficiency; as a result, various products have been developed to help improve PHP performance. In order to speed up execution time and not have to compile the PHP source code every time the web page is accessed, PHP scripts can also be deployed in the PHP engine's internal format by using an <a href="/wiki/Opcode" title="Opcode">opcode</a> cache, which works by <a href="/wiki/Cache_(computing)" title="Cache (computing)">caching</a> the compiled form of a PHP script (opcodes) in <a href="/wiki/Shared_memory_(interprocess_communication)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shared memory (interprocess communication)">shared memory</a> to avoid the overhead of <a href="/wiki/Parsing" title="Parsing">parsing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Compiling" class="mw-redirect" title="Compiling">compiling</a> the code every time the script runs. An opcode cache, <a href="/wiki/Zend_Opcache" class="mw-redirect" title="Zend Opcache">Zend Opcache</a>, is built into PHP since version 5.5.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> Another example of a widely used opcode cache is the <a href="/wiki/Alternative_PHP_Cache" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative PHP Cache">Alternative PHP Cache</a> (APC), which is available as a <a href="/wiki/PHP_Extension_Community_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="PHP Extension Community Library">PECL</a> extension.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> While Zend PHP is still the most popular implementation, several other implementations have been developed. Some of these are <a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">compilers</a> or support <a href="/wiki/JIT_compilation" class="mw-redirect" title="JIT compilation">JIT compilation</a>, and hence offer performance benefits over Zend PHP at the expense of lacking full PHP compatibility.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Alternative implementations include the following: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HHVM" title="HHVM">HHVM</a> (HipHop Virtual Machine) – developed at Facebook and available as open source, it converts PHP code into a high-level bytecode (commonly known as an <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermediate language">intermediate language</a>), which is then translated into x86-64 machine code dynamically at runtime by a <a href="/wiki/Just-in-time_compiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Just-in-time compiler">just-in-time</a> (JIT) compiler, resulting in up to 6× performance improvements.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> However, since version 7.2 Zend has outperformed HHVM,<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> and HHVM 3.24 is the last version to officially support PHP.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HipHop_for_PHP" title="HipHop for PHP">HipHop</a> – developed at Facebook and available as open source, it transforms the PHP scripts into <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> code and then compiles the resulting code, reducing the server load up to 50%. In early 2013, Facebook deprecated it in favour of HHVM due to multiple reasons, including deployment difficulties and lack of support for the whole PHP language, including the <code>create_function()</code> and <code>eval()</code> constructs.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parrot_virtual_machine" title="Parrot virtual machine">Parrot</a> – a virtual machine designed to run dynamic languages efficiently; the cross-translator Pipp transforms the PHP source code into the <a href="/wiki/Parrot_intermediate_representation" title="Parrot intermediate representation">Parrot intermediate representation</a>, which is then translated into the Parrot's bytecode and executed by the virtual machine.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PeachPie" title="PeachPie">PeachPie</a> – a second-generation compiler to .<a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">NET</a> <a href="/wiki/Common_Intermediate_Language" title="Common Intermediate Language">Common Intermediate Language</a> (CIL) bytecode, built on the <a href="/wiki/Roslyn_(compiler)" title="Roslyn (compiler)">Roslyn</a> platform; successor of Phalanger, sharing several architectural components</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalanger_(compiler)" title="Phalanger (compiler)">Phalanger</a> – compiles PHP into .Net Common Intermediate Language bytecode; predecessor of PeachPie</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quercus_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quercus (software)">Quercus</a> – compiles PHP into <a href="/wiki/Java_bytecode" title="Java bytecode">Java bytecode</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Licensing">Licensing</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Licensing">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/PHP_License" title="PHP License">PHP License</a></div> PHP is <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> released under the <a href="/wiki/PHP_License" title="PHP License">PHP License</a>, which stipulates that:<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> Products derived from this software may not be called "PHP", nor may "PHP" appear in their name, without prior written permission from group@php.net. You may indicate that your software works in conjunction with PHP by saying "<a href="/wiki/Foo" class="mw-redirect" title="Foo">Foo</a> for PHP" instead of calling it "PHP Foo" or "phpfoo". </blockquote> This restriction on the use of "PHP" makes the PHP License incompatible with the <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a> (GPL), while the Zend License is incompatible due to an advertising clause similar to that of the original <a href="/wiki/BSD_license" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD license">BSD license</a>.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_and_community">Development and community</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Development and community">edit</a>]</div> PHP includes various <a href="/wiki/List_of_PHP_libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of PHP libraries">free and open-source libraries</a> in its source distribution or uses them in resulting PHP binary builds. PHP is fundamentally an <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>-aware system with built-in modules for accessing <a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">File Transfer Protocol</a> (FTP) servers and many database servers, including <a href="/wiki/PostgreSQL" title="PostgreSQL">PostgreSQL</a>, <a href="/wiki/MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SQL_Server" title="Microsoft SQL Server">Microsoft SQL Server</a> and <a href="/wiki/SQLite" title="SQLite">SQLite</a> (which is an embedded database), <a href="/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol" title="Lightweight Directory Access Protocol">LDAP</a> servers, and others. Numerous functions are familiar to C programmers, such as those in the <a href="/wiki/Stdio.h" class="mw-redirect" title="Stdio.h">stdio</a> family, are available in standard PHP builds.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> PHP allows developers to write <a href="/wiki/Software_extension" class="mw-redirect" title="Software extension">extensions</a> in <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> to add functionality to the PHP language. PHP extensions can be compiled statically into PHP or loaded dynamically at runtime. Numerous extensions have been written to add support for the <a href="/wiki/Windows_API" title="Windows API">Windows API</a>, process management on <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a>, multibyte strings (<a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>), <a href="/wiki/CURL" title="CURL">cURL</a>, and several popular <a href="/wiki/Archive_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive format">compression formats</a>. Other PHP features made available through extensions include integration with <a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">Internet Relay Chat</a> (IRC), dynamic generation of images and <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash">Adobe Flash</a> content, PHP Data Objects (PDO) as an abstraction layer used for accessing databases,<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> and even <a href="/wiki/Speech_synthesis" title="Speech synthesis">speech synthesis</a>. Some of the language's core functions, such as those dealing with strings and arrays, are also implemented as extensions.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> The <a href="/wiki/PHP_Extension_Community_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="PHP Extension Community Library">PHP Extension Community Library</a> (PECL) project is a repository for extensions to the PHP language.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> Some other projects, such as Zephir, provide the ability for PHP extensions to be created in a high-level language and compiled into native PHP extensions. Such an approach, instead of writing PHP extensions directly in C, simplifies the development of extensions and reduces the time required for programming and testing.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> By December 2018 the PHP Group consisted of ten people: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thies_C._Arntzen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thies C. Arntzen (page does not exist)">Thies C. Arntzen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stig_Bakken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stig Bakken (page does not exist)">Stig Bakken</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shane_Caraveo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shane Caraveo (page does not exist)">Shane Caraveo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andi_Gutmans" title="Andi Gutmans">Andi Gutmans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rasmus_Lerdorf" title="Rasmus Lerdorf">Rasmus Lerdorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Ruby" title="Sam Ruby">Sam Ruby</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sascha_Schumann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sascha Schumann (page does not exist)">Sascha Schumann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zeev_Suraski" title="Zeev Suraski">Zeev Suraski</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Winstead&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jim Winstead (page does not exist)">Jim Winstead</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Zmievski" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrei Zmievski">Andrei Zmievski</a>.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> <a href="/wiki/Zend_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Zend Technologies">Zend Technologies</a> provides a <a href="/wiki/Zend_Certified_Engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Zend Certified Engineer">PHP Certification</a> based on PHP 8<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> exam (and previously based on PHP 7 and 5.5) for programmers to become certified PHP developers. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_PHP_Foundation">The PHP Foundation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: The PHP Foundation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">PHP</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:The_PHP_Foundation_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/The_PHP_Foundation_Logo.svg/220px-The_PHP_Foundation_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/The_PHP_Foundation_Logo.svg/330px-The_PHP_Foundation_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/The_PHP_Foundation_Logo.svg/440px-The_PHP_Foundation_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">November 22, 2021; 3 years ago (2021-11-22)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Automattic" title="Automattic">Automattic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laravel" title="Laravel">Laravel</a>, Acquia, <a href="/wiki/Zend_(company)" title="Zend (company)">Zend</a>, Private Packagist, <a href="/wiki/Symfony" title="Symfony">Symfony</a>, Craft CMS, Tideways, <a href="/wiki/PrestaShop" title="PrestaShop">PrestaShop</a>, <a href="/wiki/JetBrains" title="JetBrains">JetBrains</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://thephp.foundation">https://thephp.foundation</a></td></tr></tbody></table> On 26 November 2021, the <a href="/wiki/JetBrains" title="JetBrains">JetBrains</a> blog announced the creation of The PHP Foundation, which will sponsor the design and development of PHP.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Commit_(version_control)" title="Commit (version control)">Commits</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Code_review" title="Code review">Reviews</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFCs</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>2022<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> </th> <td>683 </td> <td>283 </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2023<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> </th> <td>784 </td> <td>702 </td> <td>17 </td></tr></tbody></table> The foundation hires "Core Developers" to work on the PHP language's core repository. Roman Pronskiy, a member of the foundation's board, said that they aim to pay "market salaries" to developers.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> The response to the foundation has mostly been positive, with the foundation being praised for better supporting the language and helping to stop the decrease in the language's popularity.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> However, it has also been criticised for adding breaking changes to minor versions of PHP, such as in PHP 8.2 where initialising members of a class out-with the original class scope would cause depreciation errors,<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> these changes impacted a number of open source projects including <a href="/wiki/WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a>. <a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> Germany's <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Tech_Fund" title="Sovereign Tech Fund">Sovereign Tech Fund</a> provided more than 200,000 Euros to support the PHP Foundation.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Installation_and_configuration">Installation and configuration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Installation and configuration">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PHP_7.1_-_Example_phpinfo()_Screen.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/PHP_7.1_-_Example_phpinfo%28%29_Screen.png/220px-PHP_7.1_-_Example_phpinfo%28%29_Screen.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/PHP_7.1_-_Example_phpinfo%28%29_Screen.png/330px-PHP_7.1_-_Example_phpinfo%28%29_Screen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/PHP_7.1_-_Example_phpinfo%28%29_Screen.png/440px-PHP_7.1_-_Example_phpinfo%28%29_Screen.png 2x" data-file-width="947" data-file-height="843" /></a><figcaption>Example output of the phpinfo() function in PHP 7.1</figcaption></figure> There are two primary ways for adding support for PHP to a web server – as a native web server module, or as a CGI executable. PHP has a direct module interface called <a href="/wiki/Server_application_programming_interface" title="Server application programming interface">server application programming interface</a> (SAPI), which is supported by many web servers including <a href="/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server" title="Apache HTTP Server">Apache HTTP Server</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Information_Services" title="Internet Information Services">Microsoft IIS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oracle_iPlanet_Web_Server" title="Oracle iPlanet Web Server">iPlanet Web Server</a>. Some other web servers, such as OmniHTTPd, support the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Server_Application_Programming_Interface" title="Internet Server Application Programming Interface">Internet Server Application Programming Interface</a> (ISAPI), which is <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>'s web server module interface. If PHP has no module support for a web server, it can always be used as a <a href="/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface" title="Common Gateway Interface">Common Gateway Interface</a> (CGI) or <a href="/wiki/FastCGI" title="FastCGI">FastCGI</a> processor; in that case, the web server is configured to use PHP's CGI executable to process all requests to PHP files.<a href="#cite_note-php.net-4-267">[267]</a> PHP-FPM (FastCGI Process Manager) is an alternative FastCGI implementation for PHP, bundled with the official PHP distribution since version 5.3.3.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> When compared to the older FastCGI implementation, it contains some additional features, mostly useful for heavily loaded web servers.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> When using PHP for command-line scripting, a PHP <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line interface</a> (CLI) executable is needed. PHP supports a CLI <a href="/wiki/Server_application_programming_interface" title="Server application programming interface">server application programming interface</a> (SAPI) since PHP 4.3.0.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> The main focus of this SAPI is developing <a href="/wiki/Command_line_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Command line interface">shell</a> applications using PHP. There are quite a few differences between the CLI SAPI and other SAPIs, although they do share many of the same behaviours.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> PHP has a direct module interface called SAPI for different web servers;<a href="#cite_note-php.net-6-272">[272]</a> in case of PHP 5 and Apache 2.0 on Windows, it is provided in form of a <a href="/wiki/Dynamic-link_library" title="Dynamic-link library">DLL</a> file called <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">php5apache2.dll,<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> which is a module that, among other functions, provides an interface between PHP and the web server, implemented in a form that the server understands. This form is what is known as a SAPI.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] There are different kinds of SAPIs for various web server extensions. For example, in addition to those listed above, other SAPIs for the PHP language include the Common Gateway Interface and command-line interface.<a href="#cite_note-php.net-6-272">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> PHP can also be used for writing desktop <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> (GUI) applications, by using the <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/cztomczak/phpdesktop">"PHP Desktop"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=PHP+Desktop&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fcztomczak%2Fphpdesktop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> or discontinued <a href="/wiki/PHP-GTK" title="PHP-GTK">PHP-GTK</a> extension. PHP-GTK is not included in the official PHP distribution,<a href="#cite_note-php.net-4-267">[267]</a> and as an extension, it can be used only with PHP versions 5.1.0 and newer. The most common way of installing PHP-GTK is by compiling it from the source code.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> When PHP is installed and used in <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud</a> environments, <a href="/wiki/Software_development_kit" title="Software development kit">software development kits</a> (SDKs) are provided for using cloud-specific features.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] For example: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a> provides the AWS SDK for PHP<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a> can be used with the Windows Azure SDK for PHP.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a></li></ul> Numerous configuration options are supported, affecting both core PHP features and extensions.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> Configuration file <code>php.ini</code> is searched for in different locations, depending on the way PHP is used.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> The configuration file is split into various sections,<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> while some of the configuration options can be also set within the web server configuration.<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Use">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LAMP_software_bundle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LAMP_software_bundle.svg/440px-LAMP_software_bundle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LAMP_software_bundle.svg/660px-LAMP_software_bundle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LAMP_software_bundle.svg/880px-LAMP_software_bundle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>A broad overview of the LAMP software bundle, displayed here together with <a href="/wiki/Squid_(software)" title="Squid (software)">Squid</a> </figcaption></figure> PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to <a href="/wiki/Server-side_scripting" title="Server-side scripting">server-side</a> <a href="/wiki/Web_development" title="Web development">web development</a>, in which case PHP generally runs on a <a href="/wiki/Web_server" title="Web server">web server</a>. Any PHP code in a requested file is <a href="/wiki/Execution_(computing)" title="Execution (computing)">executed</a> by the PHP runtime, usually to create <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_web_page" title="Dynamic web page">dynamic web page</a> content or dynamic images used on websites or elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> It can also be used for <a href="/wiki/Command-line" class="mw-redirect" title="Command-line">command-line</a> scripting and <a href="/wiki/Client-side" class="mw-redirect" title="Client-side">client-side</a> <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> (GUI) applications. PHP can be deployed on most web servers, many <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">platforms</a>, and can be used with many <a href="/wiki/Relational_database_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Relational database management system">relational database management systems</a> (RDBMS). Most <a href="/wiki/Web_hosting" class="mw-redirect" title="Web hosting">web hosting</a> providers support PHP for use by their clients. It is available free of charge, and the PHP Group provides the complete source code for users to build, customize and extend for their own use.<a href="#cite_note-O'Reilly-2001-17">[17]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scheme_dynamic_page_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Scheme_dynamic_page_en.svg/440px-Scheme_dynamic_page_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Scheme_dynamic_page_en.svg/660px-Scheme_dynamic_page_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Scheme_dynamic_page_en.svg/880px-Scheme_dynamic_page_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1015" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>Dynamic web page: example of <a href="/wiki/Server-side_scripting" title="Server-side scripting">server-side scripting</a> (PHP and MySQL)</figcaption></figure> Originally designed to create dynamic <a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">web pages</a>, PHP now focuses mainly on <a href="/wiki/Server-side_scripting" title="Server-side scripting">server-side scripting</a>,<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> and it is similar to other server-side scripting languages that provide dynamic content from a web server to a <a href="/wiki/Client_(computing)" title="Client (computing)">client</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>'s <a href="/wiki/ASP.NET" title="ASP.NET">ASP.NET</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>' <a href="/wiki/JavaServer_Pages" class="mw-redirect" title="JavaServer Pages">JavaServer Pages</a>,<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> and <code><a href="/wiki/Mod_perl" title="Mod perl">mod_perl</a></code>. PHP has also attracted the development of many <a href="/wiki/Software_framework" title="Software framework">software frameworks</a> that provide building blocks and a design structure to promote <a href="/wiki/Rapid_application_development" title="Rapid application development">rapid application development</a> (RAD).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Some of these include <a href="/wiki/PRADO_(framework)" title="PRADO (framework)">PRADO</a>, <a href="/wiki/CakePHP" title="CakePHP">CakePHP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Symfony" title="Symfony">Symfony</a>, <a href="/wiki/CodeIgniter" title="CodeIgniter">CodeIgniter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laravel" title="Laravel">Laravel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yii_Framework" class="mw-redirect" title="Yii Framework">Yii Framework</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phalcon_(framework)" title="Phalcon (framework)">Phalcon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laminas" title="Laminas">Laminas</a>, offering features similar to other <a href="/wiki/Web_framework" title="Web framework">web frameworks</a>. The <a href="/wiki/LAMP_(software_bundle)" title="LAMP (software bundle)">LAMP architecture</a> has become popular in the web industry as a way of deploying web applications.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> PHP is commonly used as the P in this bundle alongside <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server" title="Apache HTTP Server">Apache</a> and <a href="/wiki/MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a>, although the P may also refer to <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>, or some mix of the three. Similar packages, <a href="/wiki/WAMP_(software_bundle)" class="mw-redirect" title="WAMP (software bundle)">WAMP</a> and <a href="/wiki/MAMP" title="MAMP">MAMP</a>, are also available for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, with the first letter standing for the respective operating system. Although both PHP and Apache are provided as part of the macOS base install, users of these packages seek a simpler installation mechanism that can be more easily kept up to date.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] For specific and more advanced usage scenarios, PHP offers a well-defined and documented way for writing custom extensions in <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> or <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] Besides extending the language itself in form of additional <a href="/wiki/Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">libraries</a>, extensions are providing a way for improving execution speed where it is critical and there is room for improvements by using a true <a href="/wiki/Compiled_language" title="Compiled language">compiled language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> PHP also offers well-defined ways for embedding itself into other software projects. That way PHP can be easily used as an internal <a href="/wiki/Scripting_language" title="Scripting language">scripting language</a> for another project, also providing tight interfacing with the project's specific internal <a href="/wiki/Data_structure" title="Data structure">data structures</a>.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> PHP received mixed reviews due to lacking support for <a href="/wiki/Multithreading_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Multithreading (software)">multithreading</a> at the core language level,<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> though using threads is made possible by the "pthreads" <a href="/wiki/PHP_Extension_Community_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="PHP Extension Community Library">PECL</a> extension.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> A command line interface, php-cli, and two <a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a> <a href="/wiki/Windows_Script_Host" title="Windows Script Host">Windows Script Host</a> scripting engines for PHP have been produced.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popularity_and_usage_statistics">Popularity and usage statistics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Popularity and usage statistics">edit</a>]</div> PHP is used for <a href="/wiki/Web_content_management_system" title="Web content management system">Web content management systems</a> including <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a>,<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> <a href="/wiki/WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a>,<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> <a href="/wiki/Joomla" title="Joomla">Joomla</a>,<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> <a href="/wiki/Drupal" title="Drupal">Drupal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a> <a href="/wiki/Moodle" title="Moodle">Moodle</a>,<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a> <a href="/wiki/EZ_Publish" title="EZ Publish">eZ Publish</a>, <a href="/wiki/EZ_Platform" class="mw-redirect" title="EZ Platform">eZ Platform</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SilverStripe" class="mw-redirect" title="SilverStripe">SilverStripe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a> As of January 2013<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit">[update]</a>, PHP was used in more than 240 million <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">websites</a> (39% of those sampled) and was installed on 2.1 million <a href="/wiki/Web_server" title="Web server">web servers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a> As of 21 November 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit">[update]</a> (the day of PHP 8.4's release), PHP is used as the server-side programming language on 75.4% of websites where the language could be determined; PHP 7 is the most used version of the language with 49.1% of websites using PHP being on that version, while 37.9% use PHP 8, 12.9% use PHP 5 and 0.1% use PHP 4.<a href="#cite_note-W3Techs_–_World_Wide_Web_Technology_Surveys-19">[19]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1050355024">.mw-parser-output .stackedbar{border:1px solid grey;height:10px;width:100%;line-height:0;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .StackedBarTemplate>div:first-child{font-size:14px;width:100%;text-align:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .StackedBarTemplate>div:first-child>div>span{padding:0.15em}.mw-parser-output .StackedBarTemplate_lean>div:first-child>div{transform:translateX(1em)rotate(200deg)}.mw-parser-output .StackedBarTemplate_lean>div:first-child>div>span{text-align:left;writing-mode:vertical-rl}.mw-parser-output .StackedBarTemplate_vertical>div:first-child>div{transform:rotate(180deg)}.mw-parser-output .StackedBarTemplate_vertical>div:first-child>div>span{text-align:left;writing-mode:vertical-rl}</style> <div class="StackedBarTemplate"><div style=""> <div style="flex:35.3">PHP 8 37.9%</div><div style="flex:49.1">PHP 7 49.1%</div><div style="flex:13.5">PHP 5 12.9%</div><div style="flex:0.1">PHP 4 0.1%</div><div style="flex:2"></div> </div> <table class="stackedbar" cellspacing="1" style="height:10px"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size:0px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #66FF66 0.1%, #D4F4B4 9.4%, #FEF8C6 36.6%, #FFCC66, #FF7800);; width: 35.3%" title=""> </td> <td style="font-size:0px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #dc2626 71.7%, #ef4444, #f87171, #fca5a5, #fecaca);; width: 49.1%" title=""> </td> <td style="font-size:0px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #075985 54.2%, #0369a1, #0284c7, #0ea5e9, #38bdf8, #7dd3fc, #bae6fd);; width: 13.5%" title=""> </td> <td style="font-size:0px; background: #d4d4d4;; width: 0.1%" title=""> </td> <td style="font-size:0px; background: #E2E2E2; width: 2%" title=""> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:322px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:320px;height:320px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:160px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:160px;line-height:0;left:160px; top:160px; border-width:160px 0 0 162196.06773726px; border-left-color:#e5e5e5"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 320px 160px 0;border-color:#e5e5e5"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 160px 320px 0;border-color:#e5e5e5"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:160px;line-height:0;left:160px; top:160px; border-width:160px 0 0 158166.34912112px; border-left-color:#d4d4d4"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 320px 160px 0;border-color:#d4d4d4"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 160px 320px 0;border-color:#d4d4d4"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:160px;line-height:0;left:160px; top:160px; border-width:160px 0 0 149792.83064843px; border-left-color:#a3a3a3"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 320px 160px 0;border-color:#a3a3a3"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 160px 320px 0;border-color:#a3a3a3"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:160px;line-height:0;left:160px; top:160px; border-width:160px 0 0 123018.24413458px; border-left-color:#737373"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 320px 160px 0;border-color:#737373"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 160px 320px 0;border-color:#737373"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:160px;line-height:0;left:160px; top:160px; border-width:160px 0 0 63821.397358183px; border-left-color:#525252"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 320px 160px 0;border-color:#525252"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 160px 320px 0;border-color:#525252"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:160px;line-height:0;left:160px; top:160px; border-width:160px 0 0 21989.932238143px; border-left-color:#bae6fd"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 320px 160px 0;border-color:#bae6fd"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 160px 320px 0;border-color:#bae6fd"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:160px;line-height:0;left:160px; top:160px; border-width:160px 0 0 21989.932238143px; border-left-color:#7dd3fc"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 320px 160px 0;border-color:#7dd3fc"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 160px 320px 0;border-color:#7dd3fc"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:160px;line-height:0;left:160px; top:160px; border-width:160px 0 0 15211.381025136px; border-left-color:#38bdf8"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 320px 160px 0;border-color:#38bdf8"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 160px 320px 0;border-color:#38bdf8"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:160px;line-height:0;left:160px; top:160px; border-width:160px 0 0 2434.2537133136px; border-left-color:#0ea5e9"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 320px 160px 0;border-color:#0ea5e9"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 160px 320px 0;border-color:#0ea5e9"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:160px;line-height:0;left:160px; top:160px; border-width:160px 0 0 856.00672682781px; border-left-color:#0284c7"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 320px 160px 0;border-color:#0284c7"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 160px 320px 0;border-color:#0284c7"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:160px;line-height:0;left:160px; top:160px; border-width:160px 0 0 501.571113155px; border-left-color:#0369a1"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 320px 160px 0;border-color:#0369a1"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 160px 320px 0;border-color:#0369a1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:160px;line-height:0;left:160px; top:160px; border-width:160px 0 0 406.17035832881px; border-left-color:#075985"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 320px 160px 0;border-color:#075985"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 160px 320px 0;border-color:#075985"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:160px;line-height:0;left:160px; top:160px; border-width:160px 0 0 150.4392956745px; border-left-color:#fecaca"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 320px 160px 0;border-color:#fecaca"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 160px 320px 0;border-color:#fecaca"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:160px;line-height:0;left:160px; top:160px; border-width:160px 0 0 118.41105911206px; border-left-color:#fca5a5"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 320px 160px 0;border-color:#fca5a5"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 160px 320px 0;border-color:#fca5a5"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:160px;line-height:0;left:160px; top:160px; border-width:160px 0 0 92.197407715463px; border-left-color:#f87171"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 320px 160px 0;border-color:#f87171"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 160px 320px 0;border-color:#f87171"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:160px;line-height:0;left:160px; top:160px; border-width:160px 0 0 42.154346839387px; border-left-color:#ef4444"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 320px 160px 0;border-color:#ef4444"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 160px 320px 0;border-color:#ef4444"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:160px;line-height:0;right:160px; top:160px; border-width:159.19216271701px 16.057874376194px 0 0; border-top-color:#dc2626"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 320px 160px 0;border-color:#dc2626"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:160px;line-height:0;right:160px; top:0; border-width:0 168.25159998065px 160px 0; border-right-color:#FF7800"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 160px 160px 0;border-color:#FF7800"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:160px;line-height:0;right:160px; top:0; border-width:0 33.344146530193px 160px 0; border-right-color:#FFCC66"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 160px 160px 0;border-color:#FFCC66"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:160px;line-height:0;left:160px; top:39.056131702813px; border-width:0 0 120.94386829719px 104.7500869752px; border-bottom-color:#FEF8C6"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:160px;line-height:0;left:160px; top:124.50867167225px; border-width:0 0 35.491328327748px 156.0139917236px; border-bottom-color:#D4F4B4"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:160px;line-height:0;left:160px; top:160px; border-width:0 0 0px 160px; border-bottom-color:#66FF66"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Usage share of PHP versions on 21 November 2024: the day of PHP 8.4's release<a href="#cite_note-W3Techs_–_World_Wide_Web_Technology_Surveys-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-w3techs.com-308">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  PHP 8.4: less than 0.1% of PHP 8 (0%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  PHP 8.3: 9.40% of PHP 8 (3.56%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  PHP 8.2: 26.6% of PHP 8 (10.08%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  PHP 8.1: 38.6% of PHP 8 (14.63%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  PHP 8.0: 25.4% of PHP 8 (9.63%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  PHP 7.4: 72.3% of PHP 7 (35.50%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  PHP 7.3: 11.6% of PHP 7 (5.70%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  PHP 7.2: 8.60% of PHP 7 (4.22%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  PHP 7.1: 3.70% of PHP 7 (1.82%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  PHP 7.0: 3.80% of PHP 7 (1.87%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  PHP 5.6: 54.4% of PHP 5 (7.0176%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  PHP 5.5: 8.20% of PHP 5 (1.0578%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  PHP 5.4: 15.3% of PHP 5 (1.9737%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  PHP 5.3: 14.7% of PHP 5 (1.8963%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  PHP 5.2: 6.80% of PHP 5 (0.8772%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  PHP 5.1: 0.40% of PHP 5 (0.0516%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  PHP 5.0: less than 0.1% of PHP 5 (0%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  PHP 4.4: 75.9% of PHP 4 (0.0759%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  PHP 4.3: 19.2% of PHP 4 (0.0192%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  PHP 4.2: 3.70% of PHP 4 (0.0037%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  PHP 4.1: 0.90% of PHP 4 (0.0009%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  PHP 4.0: 0.40% of PHP 4 (0.0004%)</div> </div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Security">Security</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Security">edit</a>]</div> In 2019, 11% of all vulnerabilities listed by the <a href="/wiki/National_Vulnerability_Database" title="National Vulnerability Database">National Vulnerability Database</a> were linked to PHP;<a href="#cite_note-National_Vulnerability_Database-311">[311]</a> historically, about 30% of all vulnerabilities listed since 1996 in this database are linked to PHP. Technical security flaws of the language itself or of its core libraries are not frequent (22 in 2009, about 1% of the total although PHP applies to about 20% of programs listed).<a href="#cite_note-PHP-2012-312">[312]</a> Recognizing that programmers make mistakes, some languages include <a href="/wiki/Taint_checking" title="Taint checking">taint checking</a> to automatically detect the lack of <a href="/wiki/Data_validation" title="Data validation">input validation</a> which induces many issues. Such a feature has been proposed for PHP in the past, but either been rejected or the proposal abandoned.<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> Third-party projects such as <a href="/wiki/Suhosin" title="Suhosin">Suhosin</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> and Snuffleupagus<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a> aim to remove or change dangerous parts of the language. Historically, old versions of PHP had some configuration parameters and default values for such runtime settings that made some PHP applications prone to security issues. Among these, <code><a href="/wiki/Magic_quotes" title="Magic quotes">magic_quotes_gpc</a></code> and <code>register_globals</code><a href="#cite_note-PHP_Manual-3-318">[318]</a> configuration directives were the best known; the latter made any URL parameters become PHP variables, opening a path for serious security vulnerabilities by allowing an attacker to set the value of any uninitialized global variable and interfere with the execution of a PHP script. Support for "<a href="/wiki/Magic_quotes" title="Magic quotes">magic quotes</a>" and "register globals" settings has been deprecated since PHP 5.3.0, and removed from PHP 5.4.0.<a href="#cite_note-PHP_Manual-319">[319]</a> Another example for the potential runtime-settings vulnerability comes from failing to disable PHP execution (for example by using the <code>engine</code> configuration directive)<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a> for the directory where uploaded files are stored; enabling it can result in the execution of malicious code embedded within the uploaded files.<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a><a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> The best practice is to either locate the image directory outside of the document root available to the web server and serve it via an intermediary script or disable PHP execution for the directory which stores the uploaded files.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Also, enabling the dynamic loading of PHP extensions (via <code>enable_dl</code> configuration directive)<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Shared_web_hosting" class="mw-redirect" title="Shared web hosting">shared web hosting</a> environment can lead to security issues.<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a><a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> Implied <a href="/wiki/Type_conversion" title="Type conversion">type conversions</a> that result in different values being treated as equal, sometimes against the programmer's intent, can lead to security issues. For example, the result of the comparison <code>'0e1234' == '0'</code> is <code>true</code>, because strings that are parsable as numbers are converted to numbers; in this case, the first compared value is treated as <a href="/wiki/Scientific_notation" title="Scientific notation">scientific notation</a> having the value (0×101234), which is zero. Errors like this resulted in authentication vulnerabilities in <a href="/wiki/Simple_Machines_Forum" title="Simple Machines Forum">Simple Machines Forum</a>,<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a> <a href="/wiki/Typo3" class="mw-redirect" title="Typo3">Typo3</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> and <a href="/wiki/PhpBB" title="PhpBB">phpBB</a><a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a> when <a href="/wiki/MD5" title="MD5">MD5</a> <a href="/wiki/Password_hashing" class="mw-redirect" title="Password hashing">password hashes</a> were compared. The recommended way is to use <code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://secure.php.net/hash_equals">hash_equals()</a></code> (for <a href="/wiki/Timing_attack" title="Timing attack">timing attack</a> safety), <code><a href="/wiki/Strcmp" class="mw-redirect" title="Strcmp">strcmp</a></code> or the identity operator (<code>===</code>), as <code>'0e1234' === '0'</code> results in <code>false</code>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In a 2013 analysis of over 170,000 <a href="/wiki/Website_defacement" title="Website defacement">website defacements</a>, published by <a href="/wiki/Zone-H" title="Zone-H">Zone-H</a>, the most frequently (53%) used technique was the exploitation of <a href="/wiki/File_inclusion_vulnerability" title="File inclusion vulnerability">file inclusion vulnerability</a>, mostly related to insecure usage of the PHP language constructs <code>include</code>, <code>require</code>, and <code>allow_url_fopen</code>.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cryptographic_Security">Cryptographic Security</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Cryptographic Security">edit</a>]</div> PHP includes <code>rand()</code><a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a> and <code>mt_rand()<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a></code>functions which use a <a href="/wiki/Pseudorandom_number_generator" title="Pseudorandom number generator">pseudorandom number generator</a>, and are not cryptographically secure. As of version 8.1, the <code>random_int()</code> function is included, which uses a cryptographically secure source of randomness provided by the system.<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a> There are two attacks that can be performed over PHP entropy sources: "seed attack" and "state recovery attack".[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] As of 2012, a $250 <a href="/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit" title="Graphics processing unit">GPU</a> can perform up to 230 <a href="/wiki/MD5" title="MD5">MD5</a> calculations per second, while a $750 GPU can perform four times as many calculations at the same time.<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> In combination with a "<a href="/wiki/Birthday_attack" title="Birthday attack">birthday attack</a>" this can lead to serious security vulnerabilities.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Long-Term_Support">Long-Term Support</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Long-Term Support">edit</a>]</div> The PHP development team provides official bug fixes for 2 years following release of each minor version, followed by another 2 years where only security fixes are released.<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> After this, the release is considered <a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle#End-of-life" title="Software release life cycle">end of life</a> and no longer officially supported. Extended Long-Term Support beyond this is available from commercial providers, such as <a href="/wiki/Zend_(company)" title="Zend (company)">Zend</a> and others<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Octicons-terminal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/24px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/37px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/49px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1024" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Computer_programming" title="Portal:Computer programming">Computer programming portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/28px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/42px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/56px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_programming_languages" title="Comparison of programming languages">Comparison of programming languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apache%E2%80%93MySQL%E2%80%93PHP_packages" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Apache–MySQL–PHP packages">List of Apache–MySQL–PHP packages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PHP_accelerators" title="List of PHP accelerators">List of PHP accelerators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PHP_editors" title="List of PHP editors">List of PHP editors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEAR" title="PEAR">PEAR</a> (PHP Extension and Application Repository)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHP_accelerator" title="PHP accelerator">PHP accelerator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template_processor" title="Template processor">Template processor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAMPP" title="XAMPP">XAMPP</a> (free and open-source cross-platform web server solution stack package)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zend_Server" title="Zend Server">Zend Server</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lerdorf-1995-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lerdorf-1995_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lerdorf-1995_1-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLerdorf1995" class="citation web cs1">Lerdorf, Rasmus (June 8, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external 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Thank you @HipHopVM @SaraMG. #php7thankyou"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=It%27s+not+a+secret+that+some+%23PHP7+optimization+ideas+came+from+HHVM%2C+LuaJIT+and+V8.+Thank+you+%40HipHopVM+%40SaraMG.+%23php7thankyou&rft.date=2015-12-04&rft.aulast=Stogov&rft.aufirst=Dmitry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fdstogov%2Fstatus%2F672864802474229760&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.php.net/">"PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor"</a>. www.php.net. Retrieved 2020-02-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.php.net&rft.atitle=PHP%3A+Hypertext+Preprocessor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.php.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Krill-2013-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Krill-2013_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Krill-2013_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrill2013" class="citation web cs1">Krill, Paul (2013-11-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoworld.com/article/2609877/believe-the-hype--php-founder-backs-facebook-s-hiphop-technology.html">"Believe the hype: PHP founder backs Facebook's HipHop technology"</a>. InfoWorld. Retrieved 2022-10-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Believe+the+hype%3A+PHP+founder+backs+Facebook%27s+HipHop+technology&rft.date=2013-11-18&rft.aulast=Krill&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoworld.com%2Farticle%2F2609877%2Fbelieve-the-hype--php-founder-backs-facebook-s-hiphop-technology.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/g/comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi/c/PyJ25gZ6z7A/m/M9FkTUVDfcwJ?pli=1">"Announce: Personal Home Page Tools (PHP Tools)"</a>. groups.google.com. 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The PHP Group. Retrieved 2008-02-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+PHP+and+related+projects&rft.pub=The+PHP+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.php.net%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-php.net-3-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-php.net-3_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-php.net-3_12-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://php.net/manual/en/history.php.php">"History of PHP"</a>. php.net.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=php.net&rft.atitle=History+of+PHP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphp.net%2Fmanual%2Fen%2Fhistory.php.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlsson2013" class="citation book cs1">Olsson, Mikael (2013-09-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_ahBAAAAQBAJ">PHP Quick Scripting Reference</a>. 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Retrieved 25 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PHP+5.4.0+Release+Announcement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.php.net%2Freleases%2F5_4_0.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://php.net/manual/en/features.commandline.webserver.php">"Built-in web server"</a>. Retrieved March 26, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Built-in+web+server&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphp.net%2Fmanual%2Fen%2Ffeatures.commandline.webserver.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.php.net/releases/5_5_0.php">"PHP 5.5.0 Release Announcement"</a>. Retrieved 25 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PHP+5.5.0+Release+Announcement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.php.net%2Freleases%2F5_5_0.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-php.net-8-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-php.net-8_110-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-php.net-8_110-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-php.net-8_110-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-php.net-8_110-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://php.net/supported-versions.php">"Supported Versions"</a>. php.net. Retrieved 2017-12-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=php.net&rft.atitle=Supported+Versions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphp.net%2Fsupported-versions.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-php.net-9-111"><a href="#cite_ref-php.net-9_111-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://php.net/manual/en/migration55.new-features.php">"PHP 5.5.0 changes"</a>. php.net. Retrieved 2015-03-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=php.net&rft.atitle=PHP+5.5.0+changes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphp.net%2Fmanual%2Fen%2Fmigration55.new-features.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.php.net/releases/5_6_0.php">"PHP 5.6.0 Release Announcement"</a>. Retrieved 25 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PHP+5.6.0+Release+Announcement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.php.net%2Freleases%2F5_6_0.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-php.net-10-113"><a href="#cite_ref-php.net-10_113-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/migration56.new-features.php">"Migrating from PHP 5.5.x to PHP 5.6.x"</a>. php.net. Retrieved 2014-03-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=php.net&rft.atitle=Migrating+from+PHP+5.5.x+to+PHP+5.6.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.php.net%2Fmanual%2Fen%2Fmigration56.new-features.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Articles/379909/">"Resetting PHP 6"</a>. <q>There have been books on the shelves purporting to cover PHP 6 since at least 2008. But, in March 2010, the PHP 6 release is not out – in fact, it is not even close to out. Recent events suggest that PHP 6 will not be released before 2011 – if, indeed, it is released at all.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Resetting+PHP+6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flwn.net%2FArticles%2F379909%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoworld.com/article/2841561/php/php-7-moves-full-speed-ahead.html">"PHP 7 moves full speed ahead"</a>. 2014-10-31. <q>Recent versions of PHP have been part of the 5.x release series, but there will be no PHP 6. "We're going to skip [version] 6, because years ago, we had plans for a 6, but those plans were very different from what we're doing now," Gutmans said. Going right to version 7 avoids confusion.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PHP+7+moves+full+speed+ahead&rft.date=2014-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoworld.com%2Farticle%2F2841561%2Fphp%2Fphp-7-moves-full-speed-ahead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-php.net-2018-116"><a href="#cite_ref-php.net-2018_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://php.net/archive/2018.php#id2018-07-19-2">"News Archive – 2018: PHP 7.2.9 Released"</a>. php.net. 2018-08-16. Retrieved 2018-08-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=php.net&rft.atitle=News+Archive+%E2%80%93+2018%3A+PHP+7.2.9+Released&rft.date=2018-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphp.net%2Farchive%2F2018.php%23id2018-07-19-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/size_t_and_int64_next">"PHP: rfc:size_t_and_int64_next"</a>. php.net. Retrieved 16 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=php.net&rft.atitle=PHP%3A+rfc%3Asize_t_and_int64_next&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Fsize_t_and_int64_next&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/abstract_syntax_tree">"PHP: rfc:abstract_syntax_tree"</a>. php.net. Retrieved 16 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=php.net&rft.atitle=PHP%3A+rfc%3Aabstract_syntax_tree&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Fabstract_syntax_tree&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/closure_apply">"PHP: rfc:closure_apply"</a>. php.net. Retrieved 16 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=php.net&rft.atitle=PHP%3A+rfc%3Aclosure_apply&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Fclosure_apply&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/integer_semantics">"PHP: rfc:integer_semantics"</a>. php.net. Retrieved 16 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=php.net&rft.atitle=PHP%3A+rfc%3Ainteger_semantics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Finteger_semantics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/isset_ternary">"PHP: rfc:isset_ternary"</a>. php.net. Retrieved 16 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=php.net&rft.atitle=PHP%3A+rfc%3Aisset_ternary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Fisset_ternary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/unicode_escape">"RFC: Unicode Codepoint Escape Syntax"</a>. 2014-11-24. Retrieved 2014-12-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RFC%3A+Unicode+Codepoint+Escape+Syntax&rft.date=2014-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Funicode_escape&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/combined-comparison-operator">"Combined Comparison (Spaceship) Operator"</a>. php.net. Retrieved 2015-05-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=php.net&rft.atitle=Combined+Comparison+%28Spaceship%29+Operator&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Fcombined-comparison-operator&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/generator-delegation">"PHP RFC: Generator Delegation"</a>. php.net. Retrieved 2015-05-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=php.net&rft.atitle=PHP+RFC%3A+Generator+Delegation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Fgenerator-delegation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/anonymous_classes">"PHP RFC: Anonymous Classes"</a>. php.net. Retrieved 2015-05-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=php.net&rft.atitle=PHP+RFC%3A+Anonymous+Classes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Fanonymous_classes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/easy_userland_csprng">"PHP RFC: Easy User-land CSPRNG"</a>. php.net. Retrieved 2015-05-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=php.net&rft.atitle=PHP+RFC%3A+Easy+User-land+CSPRNG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Feasy_userland_csprng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/group_use_declarations">"PHP RFC: Group Use Declarations"</a>. php.net. Retrieved 2015-05-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=php.net&rft.atitle=PHP+RFC%3A+Group+Use+Declarations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Fgroup_use_declarations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/iterable">"PHP: rfc:iterable"</a>. php.net. 2016-06-10. Retrieved 2023-06-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=php.net&rft.atitle=PHP%3A+rfc%3Aiterable&rft.date=2016-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Fiterable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/nullable_types">"PHP: rfc:nullable_types"</a>. php.net. 2014-04-10. Retrieved 2023-06-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=php.net&rft.atitle=PHP%3A+rfc%3Anullable_types&rft.date=2014-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Fnullable_types&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki.php.net/rfc/void_return_type">"PHP: rfc:void_return_type"</a>. php.net. 2015-11-09. Retrieved 2015-11-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=php.net&rft.atitle=PHP%3A+rfc%3Avoid_return_type&rft.date=2015-11-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Fvoid_return_type&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/class_const_visibility">"PHP: rfc:class_constant_visibility"</a>. php.net. 2015-10-27. Retrieved 2015-12-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=php.net&rft.atitle=PHP%3A+rfc%3Aclass_constant_visibility&rft.date=2015-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Fclass_const_visibility&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/short_list_syntax">"PHP: rfc:short_list_syntax"</a>. php.net. 2016-04-07. 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Retrieved 14 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.php.net&rft.atitle=PHP+RFC%3A+Saner+numeric+strings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Fsaner-numeric-strings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/arithmetic_operator_type_checks">"PHP RFC: Stricter type checks for arithmetic/bitwise operators"</a>. wiki.php.net. 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Retrieved 14 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.php.net&rft.atitle=PHP+RFC%3A+Reclassifying+engine+warnings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Fengine_warnings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/consistent_type_errors">"PHP: rfc:consistent_type_errors"</a>. wiki.php.net. 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Retrieved 2019-05-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.php.net&rft.atitle=PHP%3A+rfc%3Alsp_errors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Flsp_errors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/locale_independent_float_to_string">"PHP RFC: Locale-independent float to string cast"</a>. wiki.php.net. Retrieved 14 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.php.net&rft.atitle=PHP+RFC%3A+Locale-independent+float+to+string+cast&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Flocale_independent_float_to_string&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/variable_syntax_tweaks">"PHP RFC: Variable Syntax Tweaks"</a>. wiki.php.net. 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Retrieved 14 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.php.net&rft.atitle=PHP+RFC%3A+Attributes+V2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Fattributes_v2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/attribute_amendments">"PHP RFC: Attribute Amendments"</a>. wiki.php.net. 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Retrieved 14 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.php.net&rft.atitle=PHP+RFC%3A+Match+expression+v2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Fmatch_expression_v2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/constructor_promotion">"PHP RFC: Constructor Property Promotion"</a>. wiki.php.net. Retrieved 14 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.php.net&rft.atitle=PHP+RFC%3A+Constructor+Property+Promotion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Fconstructor_promotion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/union_types_v2">"PHP RFC: Union Types 2.0"</a>. wiki.php.net. Retrieved 14 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.php.net&rft.atitle=PHP+RFC%3A+Union+Types+2.0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Funion_types_v2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/mixed_type_v2">"PHP RFC: Mixed Type v2"</a>. wiki.php.net. Retrieved 14 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.php.net&rft.atitle=PHP+RFC%3A+Mixed+Type+v2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Fmixed_type_v2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/static_return_type">"PHP RFC: Static return type"</a>. wiki.php.net. Retrieved 14 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.php.net&rft.atitle=PHP+RFC%3A+Static+return+type&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Fstatic_return_type&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/non-capturing_catches">"PHP RFC: non-capturing catches"</a>. wiki.php.net. Retrieved 14 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.php.net&rft.atitle=PHP+RFC%3A+non-capturing+catches&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Fnon-capturing_catches&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Andre-177"><a href="#cite_ref-Andre_177-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndre" class="citation web cs1">Andre, Tyson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/always_enable_json">"PHP RFC: Always available JSON extension"</a>. PHP. 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Archived from the original on 4 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ahack.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fahack.ru%2Farticles%2Fcryptographic-security-and-php-applications.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrawczyk2013" class="citation web cs1">Krawczyk, Pawel (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150415150236/https://ipsec.pl/web-application-security/most-common-attacks-web-applications.html">"Most common attacks on web applications"</a>. IPSec.pl. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ipsec.pl/web-application-security/most-common-attacks-web-applications.html">the original</a> on 2015-04-15. Retrieved 2015-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Most+common+attacks+on+web+applications&rft.pub=IPSec.pl&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Krawczyk&rft.aufirst=Pawel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fipsec.pl%2Fweb-application-security%2Fmost-common-attacks-web-applications.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrawczyk2013" class="citation web cs1">Krawczyk, Pawel (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ipsec.pl/application-security/2013/so-what-are-most-critical-application-flaws-new-owasp-top-10.html">"So what are the "most critical" application flaws? On new OWASP Top 10"</a>. IPSec.pl. Retrieved 2015-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=So+what+are+the+%22most+critical%22+application+flaws%3F+On+new+OWASP+Top+10&rft.pub=IPSec.pl&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Krawczyk&rft.aufirst=Pawel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fipsec.pl%2Fapplication-security%2F2013%2Fso-what-are-most-critical-application-flaws-new-owasp-top-10.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://php.net/rand">"PHP: Rand – Manual"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PHP%3A+Rand+%E2%80%93+Manual&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphp.net%2Frand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://php.net/mt_rand">"PHP: Mt_rand - Manual"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PHP%3A+Mt_rand+-+Manual&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphp.net%2Fmt_rand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><a href="#cite_ref-334">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://php.net/random_int">"PHP: Random_int – Manual"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PHP%3A+Random_int+%E2%80%93+Manual&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphp.net%2Frandom_int&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArgyrosKiayias2012" class="citation web cs1">Argyros, George; Kiayias, Aggelos (10 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity12/technical-sessions/presentation/argyros">"I Forgot Your Password: Randomness Attacks Against PHP Applications"</a>. usenix.org. <a href="/wiki/USENIX" title="USENIX">USENIX</a>. Retrieved 19 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=usenix.org&rft.atitle=I+Forgot+Your+Password%3A+Randomness+Attacks+Against+PHP+Applications&rft.date=2012-08-10&rft.aulast=Argyros&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Kiayias%2C+Aggelos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usenix.org%2Fconference%2Fusenixsecurity12%2Ftechnical-sessions%2Fpresentation%2Fargyros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-336"><a href="#cite_ref-336">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/release_cycle_update">"PHP: RFC:release_cycle_update"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PHP%3A+RFC%3Arelease_cycle_update&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.php.net%2Frfc%2Frelease_cycle_update&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><a href="#cite_ref-337">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zend.com/services/php-long-term-support">"PHP Support for PHP 7.2 – 8.0 | PHP LTS | Zend by Perforce"</a>. Retrieved 2024-05-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PHP+Support+for+PHP+7.2+%E2%80%93+8.0+%7C+PHP+LTS+%7C+Zend+by+Perforce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zend.com%2Fservices%2Fphp-long-term-support&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pagely.com/solutions/php-long-term-support/">"Pagely PHP Long Term Support Page"</a>. Pagely. Retrieved 2024-09-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pagely&rft.atitle=Pagely+PHP+Long+Term+Support+Page&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpagely.com%2Fsolutions%2Fphp-long-term-support%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APHP" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=PHP&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235611614">.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);margin:0.5em 0;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.5em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-listen-to{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_integrated_development_environments#PHP" title="Comparison of integrated development environments">IDEs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aptana" title="Aptana">Aptana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codelobster" title="Codelobster">Codelobster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_(software)#Eclipse_PDT_(PHP_Development_Tools)" title="Eclipse (software)">Eclipse PDT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetBeans" title="NetBeans">NetBeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHPEdit" title="PHPEdit">PHPEdit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PhpStorm" class="mw-redirect" title="PhpStorm">PhpStorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zend_Studio" title="Zend Studio">Zend Studio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Widget_toolkit" title="Widget toolkit">Widget toolkit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PHP-GTK" title="PHP-GTK">PHP-GTK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WxPHP" title="WxPHP">wxPHP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:PHP" title="Category:PHP">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Web_interfaces" title="Template:Web interfaces"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Web_interfaces" title="Template talk:Web interfaces"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Web_interfaces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Web interfaces"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Web_interfaces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Web_API" title="Web API">Web interfaces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div id="Server-side"><a href="/wiki/Server-side" class="mw-redirect" title="Server-side">Server-side</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">Protocols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP/2" title="HTTP/2">v2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP/3" title="HTTP/3">v3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebDAV" title="WebDAV">WebDAV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface" title="Common Gateway Interface">CGI</a></li> 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href="/wiki/Plack_(software)#PSGI" title="Plack (software)">Perl PSGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Portlet_Specification" title="Java Portlet Specification">Portlet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Java_Portlet_Specification" title="Java Portlet Specification">container</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apache_modules" title="List of Apache modules">Apache modules</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Server_Side_Includes" title="Server Side Includes">mod_include</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_jk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mod jk">mod_jk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_lisp" title="Mod lisp">mod_lisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_mono" title="Mod mono">mod_mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_parrot" class="mw-redirect" title="Mod parrot">mod_parrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_perl" title="Mod perl">mod_perl</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">mod_php</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_proxy" title="Mod proxy">mod_proxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_python" title="Mod python">mod_python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_wsgi" title="Mod wsgi">mod_wsgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_ruby" title="Mod ruby">mod_ruby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phusion_Passenger" title="Phusion Passenger">Phusion Passenger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_service" title="Web service">Web service</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Web_resource" title="Web resource">Web resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web-oriented_architecture" title="Web-oriented architecture">WOA</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Resource-oriented_architecture" title="Resource-oriented architecture">ROA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_API" title="Open API">Open API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webhook" title="Webhook">Webhook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Application_server" title="Application server">Application server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_application_servers" title="List of application servers">comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server-side_scripting" title="Server-side scripting">Scripting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div id="Client-side"><a href="/wiki/Client-side" class="mw-redirect" title="Client-side">Client-side</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">Browser APIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NPAPI" title="NPAPI">C NPAPI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NPAPI#LiveConnect" title="NPAPI">LiveConnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPAPI#XPConnect" title="NPAPI">XPConnect</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPAPI#NPRuntime" title="NPAPI">C NPRuntime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Native_Client#Pepper" title="Google Native Client">C PPAPI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Native_Client" title="Google Native Client">NaCl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_Helper_Object" title="Browser Helper Object">BHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAML_Browser_Applications" title="XAML Browser Applications">XBAP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_API#Client_side" title="Web API">Web APIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML_audio" title="HTML audio">Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canvas_element" title="Canvas element">Canvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server-sent_events" title="Server-sent events">SSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_video" title="HTML video">Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSockets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Messaging" title="Web Messaging">Web messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_worker" title="Web worker">Web worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMLHttpRequest" title="XMLHttpRequest">XMLHttpRequest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DOM_event" title="DOM event">DOM events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encrypted_Media_Extensions" title="Encrypted Media Extensions">EME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML5_File_API" title="HTML5 File API">File</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Geolocation_API" title="W3C Geolocation API">Geolocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indexed_Database_API" title="Indexed Database API">IndexedDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Source_Extensions" title="Media Source Extensions">MSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVG" title="SVG">SVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAuthn" title="WebAuthn">WebAuthn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khronos_Group" title="Khronos Group">Khronos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebCL" title="WebCL">WebCL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGL" title="WebGL">WebGL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gears_(software)" title="Gears (software)">Gears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_SQL_Database" title="Web SQL Database">Web SQL Database</a> (formerly W3C)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebUSB" title="WebUSB">WebUSB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_(programming)" title="Ajax (programming)">Ajax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Remote_scripting" title="Remote scripting">Remote scripting</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_HTML" title="Dynamic HTML">DHTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_extension" title="Browser extension">Browser extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-site_scripting" title="Cross-site scripting">Cross-site scripting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cross-origin_resource_sharing" title="Cross-origin resource sharing">CORS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydration_(web_development)" title="Hydration (web development)">Hydration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashup_(web_application_hybrid)" title="Mashup (web application hybrid)">Mashup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Client-side_persistent_data" title="Client-side persistent data">Persistent data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_IDL" title="Web IDL">Web IDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_web_page#Client-side_scripting" title="Dynamic web page">Scripting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics">Related topics</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frontend_and_backend" title="Frontend and backend">Frontend and backend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microservices" title="Microservices">Microservices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/REST" title="REST">REST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GraphQL" title="GraphQL">GraphQL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push_technology" title="Push technology">Push technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solution_stack" title="Solution stack">Solution stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">Web page</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Static_web_page" title="Static web page">Static</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_web_page" title="Dynamic web page">Dynamic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_standards" title="Web standards">Web standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_API_security" title="Web API security">Web API security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">Web application</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rich_Internet_Application" title="Rich Internet Application">Rich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-page_application" title="Single-page application">Single-page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_web_app" title="Progressive web app">Progressive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_framework" title="Web framework">Web framework</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Programming_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Programming_languages" title="Template:Programming languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Programming_languages" title="Template talk:Programming languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Programming_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Programming languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Programming_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">Programming languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_programming_languages" title="Comparison of programming languages">Comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_programming_languages" title="Timeline of programming languages">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_programming_languages" title="History of programming languages">History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ada_(programming_language)" title="Ada (programming language)">Ada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simula" title="Simula">Simula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APL_(programming_language)" title="APL (programming language)">APL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic">Visual Basic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">classic</a></li> <li><a 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<li><a href="/wiki/R_(programming_language)" title="R (programming language)">R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rust_(programming_language)" title="Rust (programming language)">Rust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scratch_(programming_language)" title="Scratch (programming language)">Scratch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_script" title="Shell script">Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_(programming_language)" title="Swift (programming language)">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_programming_languages" title="List of programming languages">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> Lists: <a href="/wiki/List_of_programming_languages" title="List of programming languages">Alphabetical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_programming_languages_by_type" title="List of programming languages by type">Categorical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generational_list_of_programming_languages" title="Generational list of programming languages">Generational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-English-based_programming_languages" title="Non-English-based programming languages">Non-English-based</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Programming_languages" title="Category:Programming languages">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Free_and_open-source_software" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FOSS" title="Template:FOSS"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FOSS" title="Template talk:FOSS"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:FOSS" title="Special:EditPage/Template:FOSS"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Free_and_open-source_software" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_terms_for_free_software" title="Alternative terms for free software">Alternative terms for free software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_open-source_and_closed-source_software" title="Comparison of open-source and closed-source software">Comparison of open-source and closed-source software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_source-code-hosting_facilities" title="Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities">Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">Free software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_software_project_directories" title="List of free software project directories">Free software project directories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratis_versus_libre" title="Gratis versus libre">Gratis versus libre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_support" title="Long-term support">Long-term support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open-source software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software_development" title="Open-source software development">Open-source software development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_free_software" title="Outline of free software">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_free_and_open-source_software" title="Timeline of free and open-source software">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages" title="List of free and open-source software packages">Software packages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_free_software_for_audio" title="Comparison of free software for audio">Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_bioinformatics_software" title="List of open-source bioinformatics software">Bioinformatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_codecs" title="List of open-source codecs">Codecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_open-source_configuration_management_software" title="Comparison of open-source configuration management software">Configuration management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Device_driver" title="Device driver">Drivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_graphics_device_driver" title="Free and open-source graphics device driver">Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_open-source_wireless_drivers" title="Comparison of open-source wireless drivers">Wireless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_health_software" title="List of open-source health software">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_software_for_mathematics" title="List of open-source software for mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_office_suites" title="List of office suites">Office suites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_open-source_operating_systems" title="Comparison of open-source operating systems">Operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_routing_platforms" title="List of open-source routing platforms">Routing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_television_software" title="List of free television software">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_video_games" title="List of open-source video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_web_applications" title="List of free and open-source web applications">Web applications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_shopping_cart_software" title="Comparison of shopping cart software">E-commerce</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_Android_applications" title="List of free and open-source Android applications">Android apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_iOS_applications" title="List of free and open-source iOS applications">iOS apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commercial_open-source_applications_and_services" title="List of commercial open-source applications and services">Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_formerly_proprietary_software" title="List of formerly proprietary software">Formerly proprietary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_formerly_free_and_open-source_software" class="mw-redirect" title="List of formerly free and open-source software">Formerly open-source</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Community_of_practice" title="Community of practice">Community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_software_movement" title="Free software movement">Free software movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_free_and_open-source_software" title="History of free and open-source software">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source-software_movement" title="Open-source-software movement">Open-source-software movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free-software_events" title="List of free-software events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software_advocacy" title="Open-source software advocacy">Advocacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_software_organizations" title="List of free and open-source software organizations">Organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Movement_of_India" title="Free Software Movement of India">Free Software Movement of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free-software_license" title="Free-software license">Licenses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_Free_License" title="Academic Free License">AFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_License" title="Apache License">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Public_Source_License" title="Apple Public Source License">APSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_License" title="Artistic License">Artistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beerware" title="Beerware">Beerware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSD_licenses" title="BSD licenses">BSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">Creative Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Development_and_Distribution_License" title="Common Development and Distribution License">CDDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_Public_License" title="Eclipse Public License">EPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU GPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Affero_General_Public_License" title="GNU Affero General Public License">GNU AGPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License" title="GNU Lesser General Public License">GNU LGPL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISC_license" title="ISC license">ISC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Public_License" title="Mozilla Public License">MPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python_License" title="Python License">Python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python_Software_Foundation_License" title="Python Software Foundation License">Python Software Foundation License</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_Source_Initiative" title="Shared Source Initiative">Shared Source Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepycat_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleepycat License">Sleepycat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlicense" title="Unlicense">Unlicense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTFPL" title="WTFPL">WTFPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zlib_License" title="Zlib License">zlib</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Types_and_standards" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types and standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_free_and_open-source_software_licenses" title="Comparison of free and open-source software licenses">Comparison of licenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contributor_License_Agreement" title="Contributor License Agreement">Contributor License Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">Copyleft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debian_Free_Software_Guidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="Debian Free Software Guidelines">Debian Free Software Guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works" title="Definition of Free Cultural Works">Definition of Free Cultural Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_license" title="Free license">Free license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Free_Software_Definition" title="The Free Software Definition">The Free Software Definition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Source_Definition" title="The Open Source Definition">The Open Source Definition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_license" title="Open-source license">Open-source license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permissive_software_license" title="Permissive software license">Permissive software license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">Public domain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Challenges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">Digital rights management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/License_proliferation" title="License proliferation">License proliferation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_software_rebranded_by_Debian" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla software rebranded by Debian">Mozilla software rebranding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_device_driver" class="mw-redirect" title="Proprietary device driver">Proprietary device drivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_firmware" title="Proprietary firmware">Proprietary firmware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCO%E2%80%93Linux_disputes" title="SCO–Linux disputes">SCO/Linux controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_patents_and_free_software" title="Software patents and free software">Software patents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software_security" title="Open-source software security">Software security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivoization" title="Tivoization">Tivoization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusted_Computing" title="Trusted Computing">Trusted Computing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">Forking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Manifesto" title="GNU Manifesto">GNU Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Open_Specification_Promise" title="Microsoft Open Specification Promise">Microsoft Open Specification Promise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-core_model" title="Open-core model">Open-core model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_hardware" title="Open-source hardware">Open-source hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_Source_Initiative" title="Shared Source Initiative">Shared Source Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source-available_software" title="Source-available software">Source-available software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cathedral_and_the_Bazaar" title="The Cathedral and the Bazaar">The Cathedral and the Bazaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_OS" title="Revolution OS">Revolution OS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" 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