CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="et" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Turism – Vikipeedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )etwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","jaanuar","veebruar","märts","aprill","mai","juuni","juuli","august","september","oktoober","november","detsember"],"wgRequestId":"0e86bfbd-194e-4fde-a5c8-86023805863c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Turism","wgTitle":"Turism","wgCurRevisionId":6835933,"wgRevisionId":6835933,"wgArticleId":6442,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 vead: puuduv perioodikaväljaanne","CS1 hooldus: mitu nime: autorite loend","CS1 vead: et al.","CS1 allikad inglise keeles (en)","Viideteta väidetega artiklid","Turism"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"et","wgPageContentLanguage":"et","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Turism","wgRelevantArticleId":6442,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"et","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"et"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q49389","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.OpenStreetMap","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=et&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=et&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=et&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Turisti_skulptuur_Badenis%2C_9._juuli_2008.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Turisti_skulptuur_Badenis%2C_9._juuli_2008.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1067"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="853"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Turism – Vikipeedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//et.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turism"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Muuda" href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Vikipeedia (et)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//et.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turism"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Vikipeedia Atom-voog" href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Viimased_muudatused&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Turism rootpage-Turism skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Mine sisu juurde</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sait"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Peamenüü" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peamenüü" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peamenüü</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peamenüü</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">peida</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigeerimine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Esileht" title="Mine esilehele [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Esileht</span></a></li><li id="n-generaldiscussion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:%C3%9Cldine_arutelu"><span>Üldine arutelu</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Viimased_muudatused" title="Vikis tehtud viimaste muudatuste loend [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Viimased muudatused</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Juhuslik_artikkel" title="Mine juhuslikule leheküljele [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Juhuslik lehekülg</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Juhend:Sisukord" title="Kuidas redigeerida"><span>Juhend</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Kontakteeru_meiega"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Erilehek%C3%BCljed"><span>Erileheküljed</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Trüki või ekspordi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Raamat&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Turism"><span>Koosta raamat</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:DownloadAsPdf&page=Turism&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laadi alla PDF-failina</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&printable=yes" title="Selle lehe trükiversioon [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Prinditav versioon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Esileht" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipeedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-et.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-et.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Eri:Otsimine" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Otsi vikist [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Otsing</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Otsi Vikipeediast" aria-label="Otsi Vikipeediast" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Otsi vikist [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Eri:Otsimine"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Otsi</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Isiklikud lehed"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Ilme"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Muuda lehekülje kirjasuurust, laiust ja värvust" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ilme" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ilme</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=et.wikipedia.org&uselang=et" class=""><span>Anneta</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Konto_loomine&returnto=Turism" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub konto luua ja sisse logida." class=""><span>Loo konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sisselogimine&returnto=Turism" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub sisse logida. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logi sisse</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Veel valikuid" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Isiklikud lehed" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Isiklikud lehed</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Kasutajamenüü" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=et.wikipedia.org&uselang=et"><span>Anneta</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Konto_loomine&returnto=Turism" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub konto luua ja sisse logida."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Loo konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sisselogimine&returnto=Turism" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub sisse logida. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logi sisse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sisselogimata kasutaja leheküljed <a href="/wiki/Juhend:Sissejuhatus" aria-label="Lisateave redigeerimise kohta"><span>lisateave</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Minu_kaast%C3%B6%C3%B6" title="Sellelt IP-aadressilt tehtud muudatuste loend [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kaastöö</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Minu_aruteluleht" title="Arutelu sellelt IP-aadressilt tehtud muudatuste kohta [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Arutelu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sait"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sisukord" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Turismi_ajalugu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turismi_ajalugu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Turismi ajalugu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turismi_ajalugu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turismi_liigid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turismi_liigid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Turismi liigid</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Turismi_liigid-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Turismi liigid"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Turismi_liigid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Massiturism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Massiturism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Massiturism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Massiturism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taliturism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taliturism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Taliturism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taliturism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loodusturism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loodusturism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Loodusturism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loodusturism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultuuriturism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultuuriturism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Kultuuriturism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kultuuriturism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meditsiiniturism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meditsiiniturism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Meditsiiniturism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meditsiiniturism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religiooniturism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religiooniturism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Religiooniturism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religiooniturism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Üritusturism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Üritusturism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Üritusturism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Üritusturism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nišiturism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nišiturism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Nišiturism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nišiturism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turismiatraktsioonid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turismiatraktsioonid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Turismiatraktsioonid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turismiatraktsioonid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultuuri_mõju_turismile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultuuri_mõju_turismile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kultuuri mõju turismile</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kultuuri_mõju_turismile-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Kultuuri mõju turismile"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kultuuri_mõju_turismile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Positiivne_mõju" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positiivne_mõju"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Positiivne mõju</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Positiivne_mõju-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Negatiivne_mõju" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negatiivne_mõju"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Negatiivne mõju</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Negatiivne_mõju-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultuuriüritused_ja_-objektid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultuuriüritused_ja_-objektid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Kultuuriüritused ja -objektid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kultuuriüritused_ja_-objektid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turismi_mõju" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turismi_mõju"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Turismi mõju</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Turismi_mõju-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Turismi mõju"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Turismi_mõju-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Positiivne_mõju_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positiivne_mõju_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Positiivne mõju</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Positiivne_mõju_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Probleemid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Probleemid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Probleemid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Probleemid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Protestid_massiturismi_vastu_ja_meetmed_piiramiseks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protestid_massiturismi_vastu_ja_meetmed_piiramiseks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Protestid massiturismi vastu ja meetmed piiramiseks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protestid_massiturismi_vastu_ja_meetmed_piiramiseks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turism_Eestis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turism_Eestis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Turism Eestis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turism_Eestis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaata_ka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaata_ka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vaata ka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaata_ka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Viited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Välislingid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Välislingid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Välislingid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Välislingid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Sisukord" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Turism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 148 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-148" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">148 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerisme" title="Toerisme – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Toerisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismus" title="Tourismus – šveitsisaksa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tourismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="šveitsisaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%89%E1%8B%9E_(%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%9D%E1%88%9D)" title="ጉዞ (ቱሪዝም) – amhara" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጉዞ (ቱሪዝም)" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9" title="سياحة – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سياحة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – aragoni" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizmo" title="Turizmo – aromuuni" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Turizmo" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromuuni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismo" title="Tourismo – frankoprovansi" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Tourismo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="frankoprovansi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8" title="পৰ্যটন – assami" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পৰ্যটন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismu" title="Turismu – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Turismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizm" title="Turizm – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Turizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="توریزم – lõunaaserbaidžaani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="توریزم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="lõunaaserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariwisata" title="Pariwisata – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pariwisata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8" title="পর্যটন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পর্যটন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koan-kong" title="Koan-kong – lõunamini" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Koan-kong" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="lõunamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Туризм – baškiiri" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Туризм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškiiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Турызм – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Турызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Турызм – valgevene (taraškievitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Турызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="valgevene (taraškievitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="पर्यटन – bihaari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पर्यटन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihaari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – keskbikoli" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="keskbikoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizam" title="Turizam – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Turizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touristerezh" title="Touristerezh – bretooni" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Touristerezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretooni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Туризъм – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Туризъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turisme" title="Turisme – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Turisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – sebu" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turistika" title="Turistika – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turistika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twristiaeth" title="Twristiaeth – kõmri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Twristiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kõmri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turisme" title="Turisme – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Turisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismus" title="Tourismus – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tourismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Τουρισμός – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τουρισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tourism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="گردشگری – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گردشگری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fer%C3%B0avinna" title="Ferðavinna – fääri" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ferðavinna" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="fääri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourisme" title="Tourisme – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tourisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerisme" title="Toerisme – läänefriisi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Toerisme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="läänefriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turisim" title="Turisim – friuuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Turisim" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friuuli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turas%C3%B3ireacht" title="Turasóireacht – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Turasóireacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turrysid" title="Turrysid – mänksi" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Turrysid" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mänksi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turasachd" title="Turasachd – gaeli" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Turasachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaeli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%A8" title="પર્યટન – gudžarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પર્યટન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%80%EA%B4%91" title="관광 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="관광" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yawon_bude_ido" title="Yawon bude ido – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yawon bude ido" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Cl%CA%BBiaimi" title="Ōlʻiaimi – havai" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Ōlʻiaimi" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Տուրիզմ – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տուրիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="पर्यटन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पर्यटन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizam" title="Turizam – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Turizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismo" title="Tourismo – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tourismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turisme" title="Turisme – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Turisme" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukhenketho" title="Ukhenketho – koosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ukhenketho" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="koosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fer%C3%B0amennska" title="Ferðamennska – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ferðamennska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA" title="תיירות – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תיירות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariwisata" title="Pariwisata – jaava" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pariwisata" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jaava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE" title="ಪ್ರವಾಸೋದ್ಯಮ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ರವಾಸೋದ್ಯಮ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ტურიზმი – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტურიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Туризм – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Туризм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Туризм – kirgiisi" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Туризм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utalii" title="Utalii – suahiili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Utalii" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touris" title="Touris – haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Touris" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism – Guajaana kreoolkeel" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tourism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guajaana kreoolkeel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur%C3%AEzm" title="Turîzm – kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Turîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turism" title="Turism – ladiini" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Turism" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladiini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%97%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%A7" title="ການທ່ອງທ່ຽວ – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ການທ່ອງທ່ຽວ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periegesis" title="Periegesis – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Periegesis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%ABrisms" title="Tūrisms – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tūrisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismus" title="Tourismus – letseburgi" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tourismus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="letseburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizmas" title="Turizmas – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Turizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiximo" title="Turiximo – liguuri" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Turiximo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerisme" title="Toerisme – limburgi" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Toerisme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turisme" title="Turisme – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Turisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizmus" title="Turizmus – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Turizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="पर्यटन – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पर्यटन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Туризам – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Туризам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizah%C3%A0n-tany" title="Fizahàn-tany – malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fizahàn-tany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="വിനോദസഞ്ചാരം – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിനോദസഞ്ചാരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="पर्यटन – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पर्यटन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ტურიზმი – megreli" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტურიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megreli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%87" title="سياحه – Egiptuse araabia" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سياحه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egiptuse araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%9D_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A2%EA%AF%95" title="ꯂꯝ ꯀꯣꯢꯕ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯝ ꯀꯣꯢꯕ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%87%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Жуулчлал – mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Жуулчлал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%8A%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကမ္ဘာလှည့် ခရီးသွား လုပ်ငန်း – birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကမ္ဘာလှည့် ခရီးသွား လုပ်ငန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerisme" title="Toerisme – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toerisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerisme" title="Toerisme – Hollandi alamsaksa" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Toerisme" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Hollandi alamsaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="पर्यटन – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पर्यटन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="पर्यटन – nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पर्यटन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%B3%E5%85%89" title="観光 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="観光" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – napoli" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A4%C3%A4menferkiar" title="Fräämenferkiar – põhjafriisi" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Fräämenferkiar" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="põhjafriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turisme" title="Turisme – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Turisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turisme" title="Turisme – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Turisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourisme" title="Tourisme – Normandia" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Tourisme" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Normandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torisme" title="Torisme – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Torisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daawwii(Tourism)" title="Daawwii(Tourism) – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Daawwii(Tourism)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizm" title="Turizm – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Turizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE" title="ਟੂਰਿਜ਼ਮ – pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਟੂਰਿਜ਼ਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DA%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%8A" title="گرځندويي – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="گرځندويي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D" title="ទេសចរណ៍ – khmeeri" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទេសចរណ៍" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeeri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turystyka" title="Turystyka – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Turystyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizm" title="Turizm – karakalpaki" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Turizm" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turism" title="Turism – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Turism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karu_puriy" title="Karu puriy – ketšua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Karu puriy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ketšua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Туристика – russiini" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Туристика" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="russiini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Туризм – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Туризм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Туризм – jakuudi" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Туризм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuudi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/piliwkuan" title="piliwkuan – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="piliwkuan" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="पर्यटनम् – sanskriti" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पर्यटनम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskriti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismu" title="Turismu – sardi" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Turismu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism – šoti" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tourism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="šoti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizmi" title="Turizmi – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Turizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismu" title="Turismu – sitsiilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Turismu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sitsiilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" title="සංචාරක කර්මාන්තය – singali" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සංචාරක කර්මාන්තය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tourism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turistika" title="Turistika – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Turistika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizem" title="Turizem – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Turizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="گەشتیاری – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گەشتیاری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Туризам – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Туризам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizam" title="Turizam – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Turizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matkailu" title="Matkailu – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Matkailu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turism" title="Turism – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamallayt" title="Tamallayt – šilha" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tamallayt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="šilha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – tagalogi" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE" title="சுற்றுலா – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுற்றுலா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Туризм – tatari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Туризм" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7" title="การท่องเที่ยว – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การท่องเที่ยว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du_l%E1%BB%8Bch" title="Du lịch – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Du lịch" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turisim" title="Turisim – uusmelaneesia" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Turisim" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="uusmelaneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizm" title="Turizm – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Turizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sy%C3%BDahat%C3%A7ylyk" title="Syýahatçylyk – türkmeeni" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Syýahatçylyk" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="türkmeeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nsrahw%C9%9B" title="Nsrahwɛ – tvii" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Nsrahwɛ" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="tvii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Туризм – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Туризм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA" title="سیاحت – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سیاحت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torismo" title="Torismo – veneti" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Torismo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turism" title="Turism – võru" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Turism" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourisse" title="Tourisse – vallooni" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tourisse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallooni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – varai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8" title="旅游 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="旅游" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="טוריזם – jidiši" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טוריזם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%85%E9%81%8A" title="旅遊 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="旅遊" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizm" title="Turizm – dõmli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Turizm" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dõmli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerisme" title="Toerisme – zeelandi" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Toerisme" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zeelandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8" title="旅游 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="旅游" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariwisata" title="Pariwisata – Mandailingi bataki" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Pariwisata" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Mandailingi bataki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q49389#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turism" title="Vaata sisulehekülge [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arutelu:Turism" rel="discussion" title="Arutelu selle lehekülje sisu kohta [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Arutelu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Muuda keelevarianti" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">eesti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="vaatamisi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turism"><span>Vaata</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit" title="Muuda seda lehekülge [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Muuda</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit" title="Redigeeri selle lehekülje lähteteksti [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Muuda lähteteksti</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=history" title="Selle lehekülje varasemad redaktsioonid [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Näita ajalugu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tööriistad" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tööriistad</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tööriistad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">peida</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Veel võimalusi" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Toimingud </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turism"><span>Vaata</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit" title="Muuda seda lehekülge [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Muuda</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit" title="Redigeeri selle lehekülje lähteteksti [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Muuda lähteteksti</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=history"><span>Näita ajalugu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Üldine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Lingid_siia/Turism" title="Kõik viki leheküljed, mis siia viitavad [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lingid siia</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Seotud_muudatused/Turism" rel="nofollow" title="Viimased muudatused lehekülgedel, millele on siit viidatud [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Seotud muudatused</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&oldid=6835933" title="Püsilink lehekülje sellele redaktsioonile"><span>Püsilink</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=info" title="Lisateave selle lehekülje kohta"><span>Lehekülje teave</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sellele_lehek%C3%BCljele_viitamine&page=Turism&id=6835933&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Teave sellele leheküljele viitamise kohta"><span>Viita leheküljele</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTurism"><span>Hangi lühendatud URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTurism"><span>Laadi alla QR-kood</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Teistes projektides </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tourism" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikiquote.org/wiki/Turism" hreflang="et"><span>Vikitsitaadid</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q49389" title="Link andmehoidla seonduva üksuse juurde [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Andmeüksus</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Ilme"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ilme</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">peida</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Turisti_skulptuur_Badenis,_9._juuli_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Turisti_skulptuur_Badenis%2C_9._juuli_2008.jpg/220px-Turisti_skulptuur_Badenis%2C_9._juuli_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Turisti_skulptuur_Badenis%2C_9._juuli_2008.jpg/330px-Turisti_skulptuur_Badenis%2C_9._juuli_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Turisti_skulptuur_Badenis%2C_9._juuli_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Turisti skulptuur Badeni termide ees Austrias</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Voore_k%C3%BClalistemaja_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Voore_k%C3%BClalistemaja_05.jpg/220px-Voore_k%C3%BClalistemaja_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Voore_k%C3%BClalistemaja_05.jpg/330px-Voore_k%C3%BClalistemaja_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Voore_k%C3%BClalistemaja_05.jpg/440px-Voore_k%C3%BClalistemaja_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3020" data-file-height="2013" /></a><figcaption>Turistid on <a href="/wiki/Majutusettev%C3%B5te" title="Majutusettevõte">majutusettevõtete</a> oluline sihtrühm. <a href="/wiki/Voore_(Saare)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voore (Saare)">Voore</a> <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BClalistemaja" title="Külalistemaja">külalistemaja</a> Jõgeva maakonnas</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Turism</b> on reisimine meelelahutuseks, huviväärsustega tutvumiseks. See ei hõlma reisimist alalisest elukohast alalisse töö- või õppimiskohta ning muudesse igapäevase elutegevusega seotud kohtadesse.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mõned turismi definitsioonid lisavad piirava tingimusena, et turismireisi sihtkoht peab olema reisija alalisest asukohast vähemalt 80 km kaugusel, sihtkohas viibimise kestus peab jääma alla aasta ja reisi eesmärgiks olevad tegevused ei tohi olla sihtkohas tasustatud. Vahel eristatakse ka vähemalt üht ööbimist sisaldavaid ja ühepäevaseid turismireise. </p><p>Turismi harrastavat ehk reisivat inimest nimetatakse <a href="/wiki/Turist" title="Turist">turistiks</a>. <a href="/wiki/Maailma_Turismiorganisatsioon" title="Maailma Turismiorganisatsioon">Maailma Turismiorganisatsioon</a> (World Tourism Organization) määratleb turiste inimestena, kes "reisivad väljaspool nende tavapärast elukeskkonda jäävatesse kohtadesse kauem kui 24 tunniks, kuid mitte kauemaks kui aastaks puhkuse, äri või muudel eesmärkidel, mis pole seotud külastatavas paigas tasustatava tegevusega".<sup id="cite_ref-rIT3c_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rIT3c-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sihtkoha järgi võib turismi jagada <a href="/wiki/Siseturism" title="Siseturism">sise-</a> ja välisturismiks: esimene hõlmab reisimist ühe riigi piires, teine rahvusvahelisi reise. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Turistid_Tallinna_vanalinnas._2016._aasta_juuni..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Turistid_Tallinna_vanalinnas._2016._aasta_juuni..jpg/250px-Turistid_Tallinna_vanalinnas._2016._aasta_juuni..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Turistid_Tallinna_vanalinnas._2016._aasta_juuni..jpg/330px-Turistid_Tallinna_vanalinnas._2016._aasta_juuni..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Turistid_Tallinna_vanalinnas._2016._aasta_juuni..jpg/500px-Turistid_Tallinna_vanalinnas._2016._aasta_juuni..jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Turistid Tallinna vanalinnas, juuni 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>Turismist on saanud kogu maailmas populaarne puhkuseviis. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010. aastal</a> reisis maailmas ühest paigast teise enam kui 940 miljonit rahvusvahelist turisti, mis on 6,6% rohkem kui <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009. aastal</a>. Rahvusvahelise turismi käive kasvas 2010. aastal 693 miljardi euroni (919 miljardi USA dollarini)<sup id="cite_ref-WTO2011Highlights_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WTO2011Highlights-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000. aastate</a> lõpu majanduslanguse tõttu langes nõudlus rahvusvaheliste reiside järele järsult ja <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5hjapoolkera" title="Põhjapoolkera">põhjapoolkera</a> suvekuudel vähenes rahvusvaheliste turismireiside arvu kasv 2%-ni.<sup id="cite_ref-WTO2008_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WTO2008-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Langustendents tugevnes 2009. aastal ja teravnes mõnes riigis 2009. aasta gripipandeemia mõjul veelgi, nii et 2009. aastal vähenes rahvusvaheline turism 4% ehk 880 miljoni reisini ning käive langes hinnanguliselt 6%.<sup id="cite_ref-WTOjanuary10_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WTOjanuary10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Turism on eluliselt tähtis näiteks <a href="/wiki/Prantsusmaa" title="Prantsusmaa">Prantsusmaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egiptus" title="Egiptus">Egiptuse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kreeka" title="Kreeka">Kreeka</a>, <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">USA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hispaania" title="Hispaania">Hispaania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itaalia" title="Itaalia">Itaalia</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Tai" title="Tai">Tai</a> majandusele. Samuti on see oluline saareriikidele nagu <a href="/wiki/Bahama" title="Bahama">Bahama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fid%C5%BEi" title="Fidži">Fidži</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maldiivid" title="Maldiivid">Maldiivid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filipiinid" title="Filipiinid">Filipiinid</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Sei%C5%A1ellid" title="Seišellid">Seišellid</a>, kuna turismisektori teenused ja kaubad toovad neile raha ja ettevõtetes on arvukalt turismiga seotud töökohti. Turism kui <a href="/wiki/Majandus" title="Majandus">majandusharu</a> hõlmab ja seob mitmesuguseid teenuseid nagu <a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">transport</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majutus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majutus (pole veel kirjutatud)">majutus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toitlustamine" title="Toitlustamine">toitlustamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suveniir" title="Suveniir">suveniirid</a>, ekskursioonid, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kultuuri%C3%BCritus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kultuuriüritus (pole veel kirjutatud)">kultuuriüritused</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meelelahutus" title="Meelelahutus">meelelahutus</a> jms. </p><p>Turismiga seotud inimtegevusi uurib <a href="/wiki/Turismigeograafia" title="Turismigeograafia">turismigeograafia</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Vilbaste" title="Gustav Vilbaste">Gustav Vilbaste</a> soovitas turismi eestikeelseks vasteks terminit "huviränd"<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Viitamine" title="Vikipeedia:Viitamine"><span title="See väide vajab viidet.">viide?</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Turismi_ajalugu">Turismi ajalugu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Turismi ajalugu"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Turismi ajalugu" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inimajaloo algusest saati on inimesed eri eesmärkidel maailmas ringi rännanud. Antiikajal reisisid ühiskonna rikkamad liikmed puhkuse, lõbu- või teadmistejanu nimel teistesse piirkondadesse. <a href="/wiki/Vana-Rooma" class="mw-redirect" title="Vana-Rooma">Vana-Rooma</a> ülikud külastasid <a href="/wiki/Vahemere_maad" title="Vahemere maad">Vahemere</a> piirkonna kuurorte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baiae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baiae (pole veel kirjutatud)">Baiaes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pompei" title="Pompei">Pompeis</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hierapolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hierapolis (pole veel kirjutatud)">Hierapolises</a>, filosoofid võtsid ette retki <a href="/wiki/Aleksandria" title="Aleksandria">Aleksandriasse</a> ja <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4his-Ida" title="Lähis-Ida">Lähis-Ida</a> iidsetesse templitesse.<sup id="cite_ref-04azl_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-04azl-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:British-Connaisseurs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/British-Connaisseurs.jpg/250px-British-Connaisseurs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/British-Connaisseurs.jpg/330px-British-Connaisseurs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/British-Connaisseurs.jpg/500px-British-Connaisseurs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>Briti noormehed Grand Touril Roomas, 1750</figcaption></figure> <p>Enne rongiliikluse väljaarenemist oli tänapäevase turismi eelkäija nn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Tour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Tour (pole veel kirjutatud)">Grand Tour</a> <a href="/wiki/17._sajand" title="17. sajand">17.</a>–<a href="/wiki/19._sajand" title="19. sajand">19. sajandil</a>, mil <a href="/wiki/Suurbritannia" title="Suurbritannia">Suurbritannia</a> ja <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5hja-Euroopa" title="Põhja-Euroopa">Põhja-Euroopa</a> kõrgklassi haritud noormeeste seas oli levinud käia retkedel üle terve <a href="/wiki/Euroopa" title="Euroopa">Euroopa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-0CdlM_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0CdlM-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Retked võisid kesta aastaid ja neid nähti ülikoolijärgse haridustee ühe etapina. Reisi eesmärk oli tutvuda <a href="/wiki/Antiikkultuur" title="Antiikkultuur">antiik</a>- ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Renessansskultuur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renessansskultuur (pole veel kirjutatud)">renessansskultuuri</a> pärandite ning <a href="/wiki/Mandri-Euroopa" title="Mandri-Euroopa">Mandri-Euroopa</a> aristokraatlike kommetega. Kujunesid tüüpilised reisiplaanid, "kohustuslik" oli järgemööda aega veeta <a href="/wiki/Pariis" title="Pariis">Pariisis</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0veits" title="Šveits">Šveitsis</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Itaalia" title="Itaalia">Itaalia</a> linnades.<sup id="cite_ref-fj8w0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fj8w0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oma muljed jäädvustati <a href="/wiki/Reisikiri" title="Reisikiri">reisikirjades</a>, mis hiljem said kodumaal müügihittideks.<sup id="cite_ref-saRDT_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saRDT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6%C3%B6stusrevolutsioon" class="mw-redirect" title="Tööstusrevolutsioon">Tööstusrevolutsioon</a> tõi endaga kaasa <a href="/wiki/Raudteetransport" title="Raudteetransport">raudteedevõrgu</a> rajamise, mis esimest korda ajaloos võimaldas pikemaid reise ette võtta ka <a href="/wiki/Keskklass" title="Keskklass">kesk</a>- ja hiljem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alamklass_(sotsioloogia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alamklass (sotsioloogia) (pole veel kirjutatud)">alamklassi</a> liikmetel.<sup id="cite_ref-hdPmA_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hdPmA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suurbritannias toimusid muudatused kõige varem. Esimene ametlik <a href="/wiki/Reisib%C3%BCroo" title="Reisibüroo">reisifirma</a>, Cox & Kings, loodi <a href="/wiki/1758" title="1758">1758. aastal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SwDC3_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SwDC3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reisiagentuuride ja massiturismi pioneer oli <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cook" title="Thomas Cook">Thomas Cook</a>, kes <a href="/wiki/1841" title="1841">1841. aastal</a> hakkas esimesena korraldama <a href="/wiki/Ekskursioon" title="Ekskursioon">ekskursioone</a>. Osavõtt maksis ühe <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0illing" title="Šilling">šillingi</a> ning sisaldas rongipiletit ja sõidu kestel sööki ning muusikat. Cookil olid sõlmitud lepingud rongifirmadega, kes maksid talle vastutasuks sõitjate eest osa piletitulust. <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855. aastal</a> korraldas ta esimese ekskursiooni võõrsile, kui viis <a href="/w/index.php?title=1855._aasta_Pariisi_maailman%C3%A4itus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1855. aasta Pariisi maailmanäitus (pole veel kirjutatud)">Pariisi maailmanäituse</a> puhul grupi <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicesterist</a> <a href="/wiki/Calais" title="Calais">Calais’sse</a>. Järgmistel aastatel hakkas ta juba üleeuroopalisi reise korraldama.<sup id="cite_ref-TG8mr_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TG8mr-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maailma esimene <a href="/wiki/Kruiisilaev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kruiisilaev">kruiisilaev</a> <a href="/wiki/Prinzessin_Victoria_Luise" title="Prinzessin Victoria Luise">Prinzessin Victoria Luise</a> ehitati <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburgis</a> <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900. aastal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kJHXx_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kJHXx-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Turismi_liigid">Turismi liigid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Turismi liigid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Turismi liigid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Massiturism">Massiturism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Massiturism"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Massiturism" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Barceloneta_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Barceloneta_2007.jpg/220px-Barceloneta_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Barceloneta_2007.jpg/330px-Barceloneta_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Barceloneta_2007.jpg/440px-Barceloneta_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Turistidest tulvil Barceloneta rand Barcelonas, Hispaanias</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Massiturism" title="Massiturism">Massiturismi</a> laiast levikust hoolimata puudub sellel siiani üheselt kokkulepitud definitsioon, kuid seda iseloomustavad korduvad omadused: </p> <ul><li>Massiturism sai alguse transpordi kiirest arengust <a href="/wiki/20._sajand" title="20. sajand">20. sajandi</a> <a href="/wiki/1960._aastad" title="1960. aastad">60.</a> ja <a href="/wiki/1970._aastad" title="1970. aastad">70. aastatel</a>, mis võimaldas suurel hulgal inimestel kiiresti ja odavalt pikki vahemaid läbida.</li> <li>Turistide peamine eesmärk on puhkus ja lõbu, kohalikust kultuurist ja eluolust huvitutakse vähe.</li> <li>Kohalik majandus sõltub turistide pidevast või hooajalisest voolust. Massiturismiga kaasnevad tihti müra, saaste ja suured turistidele mõeldud hooned (<a href="/wiki/Hotell" title="Hotell">hotellid</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Ostukeskus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostukeskus">ostukeskused</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-uZLLo_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uZLLo-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Massiturismi sihtkohad on tihti troopilised ja rannikuäärsed piirkonnad. Põhjaameeriklaste seas on populaarsed <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_saared" title="Hawaii saared">Hawaii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Kariibi_mere_saared" title="Kariibi mere saared">Kariibi mere saared</a>, eurooplaste seas <a href="/wiki/Vahemeri" title="Vahemeri">Vahemere</a> rannik ja <a href="/wiki/Kanaari_saared" title="Kanaari saared">Kanaari saared</a> ning mõlema seas <a href="/wiki/Kagu-Aasia" title="Kagu-Aasia">Kagu-Aasia</a> riigid nagu <a href="/wiki/Tai" title="Tai">Tai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indoneesia" title="Indoneesia">Indoneesia</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Filipiinid" title="Filipiinid">Filipiinid</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taliturism">Taliturism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Taliturism"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Taliturism" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Taliturism" title="Taliturism">Taliturismi</a> arengu hälliks peetakse <a href="/wiki/Sankt_Moritz" title="Sankt Moritz">Sankt Moritzit</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0veits" title="Šveits">Šveitsis</a>, kus <a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865. aastal</a> jäid mitmed <a href="/wiki/Hotell" title="Hotell">hotellid</a> esimest korda avatuks ka talvisel perioodil.<sup id="cite_ref-8Zf4N_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8Zf4N-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taliturismi peamised sihtkohad asuvad mägedes ja põhjapoolkera kõrgematel laiuskraadidel, kus külmemal ajal või aasta läbi on lumine. Talvine turism on tihti seotud <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">spordiga</a>, populaarsed on <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4esuusatamine" title="Mäesuusatamine">mägi-</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Murdmaasuusatamine" title="Murdmaasuusatamine">murdmaasuusatamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uisutamine" title="Uisutamine">uisutamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kelgutamine" title="Kelgutamine">kelgutamine</a> ning <a href="/wiki/Lumelauas%C3%B5it" title="Lumelauasõit">lumelaua-</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Mootorsaan" title="Mootorsaan">mootorsaanisõit</a>. Mõned kuurordid pakuvad ka võimalust sõita <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hobusaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hobusaan (pole veel kirjutatud)">hobusaani</a><sup id="cite_ref-RuPCY_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RuPCY-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koerterakend&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koerterakend (pole veel kirjutatud)">koerterakendiga</a><sup id="cite_ref-9m2F9_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9m2F9-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Detsember" title="Detsember">Detsembris</a> kasvab jõuluteemaliste reiside arv <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B5uluvana" title="Jõuluvana">jõuluvana</a> töökodadesse <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5hjamaad" title="Põhjamaad">Põhjamaades</a> ja <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5hja-Ameerika" title="Põhja-Ameerika">Põhja-Ameerikas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PDR5L_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PDR5L-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kliima soojenemisel võib mõnes piirkonnas lumikatte paksus ja kestus väheneda, mis omakorda kahandab ka turistide arvu ja taliturismiettevõtete sissetulekut.<sup id="cite_ref-OZhxu_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OZhxu-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DImYW_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DImYW-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eestis asuvad peamised taliturismi sihtkohad <a href="/wiki/Otep%C3%A4%C3%A4_k%C3%B5rgustik" title="Otepää kõrgustik">Otepää</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haanja_k%C3%B5rgustik" title="Haanja kõrgustik">Haanja</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Karula_k%C3%B5rgustik" title="Karula kõrgustik">Karula kõrgustikul</a> ning <a href="/wiki/Ida-Virumaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ida-Virumaa">Ida-</a> ja <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Virumaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Lääne-Virumaa">Lääne-Virumaal</a>. Talviti on enamasti avatud ka <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4%C3%A4tee" title="Jäätee">jääteed</a> mandri ja saarte vahel.<sup id="cite_ref-eSNKD_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eSNKD-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Loodusturism">Loodusturism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Loodusturism"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Loodusturism" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n_Silfra,_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir,_Su%C3%B0urland,_Islandia,_2014-08-16,_DD_055.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n_Silfra%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_055.JPG/220px-Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n_Silfra%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_055.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n_Silfra%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_055.JPG/330px-Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n_Silfra%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_055.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n_Silfra%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_055.JPG/440px-Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n_Silfra%2C_Parque_Nacional_de_%C3%9Eingvellir%2C_Su%C3%B0urland%2C_Islandia%2C_2014-08-16%2C_DD_055.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3321" /></a><figcaption>Islandile reisitakse sageli kohaliku loodusega tutvuma. Snorgeldamine <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eingvellir" title="Þingvellir">Þingvelliri</a> rahvuspargis</figcaption></figure><p>Loodusturism on üks maaturismi vorme, kus käiakse loodusretkedel ja -vaatlustel.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/20px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/40px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklites <a href="/wiki/Loodusturism" title="Loodusturism">Loodusturism</a> ja <a href="/wiki/%C3%96koturism" title="Ökoturism">Ökoturism</a></i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kultuuriturism">Kultuuriturism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Kultuuriturism"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Kultuuriturism" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kultuuriturism on kultuuriväärtustega tutvumisele keskenduv reisimine.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/20px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/40px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Kultuuriturism" title="Kultuuriturism">Kultuuriturism</a></i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meditsiiniturism">Meditsiiniturism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Meditsiiniturism"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Meditsiiniturism" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Meditsiiniturism" title="Meditsiiniturism">Meditsiiniturismi</a> korral lähevad arenenud maade elanikud riikidesse, kus teatud <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terviseprotseduur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terviseprotseduur (pole veel kirjutatud)">terviseprotseduurid</a> on lähteriigi omadest odavamad või lühema ooteajaga. Seepärast erineb meditsiiniline turism olukorrast, kus vähem arenenud piirkondade elanikud reisivad arenenud riikidesse saamaks <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arstiabi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arstiabi (pole veel kirjutatud)">arstiabi</a>, mis nende kodukohas ei ole kättesaadav.<sup id="cite_ref-N2tky_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2tky-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JKaxL_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JKaxL-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meditsiinilise turismi peamisteks lähteriikideks on USA, Suurbritannia ja <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Euroopa" title="Lääne-Euroopa">Lääne-Euroopa</a> riigid, sihtriikideks <a href="/wiki/Kesk-Ameerika" title="Kesk-Ameerika">Kesk-</a> ja <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B5una-Ameerika" title="Lõuna-Ameerika">Lõuna-Ameerika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ida-Euroopa" title="Ida-Euroopa">Ida-Euroopa</a> ning <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B5una-Aasia" title="Lõuna-Aasia">Lõuna-</a> ja Kagu-Aasia maad.<sup id="cite_ref-vyB40_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vyB40-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Populaarsed on <a href="/wiki/Ilukirurgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilukirurgia">ilukirurgia</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljakusravi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viljakusravi (pole veel kirjutatud)">viljakusravi</a> protseduurid ning muud keerulised operatsioonid, näiteks liigese-, südame- ja hambakirurgia. Meditsiiniline turism vähem arenenud riikidesse võib kaasa tuua teatud riske. Patsient võib ebahügieenilistest arstiabi tingimustest <a href="/wiki/Nakkushaigused" title="Nakkushaigused">nakatuda haigustesse</a> või saada muid tervisetüsistusi, võib tekkida ka juriidilisi probleeme.<sup id="cite_ref-m4sPw_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m4sPw-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Üheks raviturismi alavormiks on <a href="/wiki/Spaaturism" title="Spaaturism">spaaturism</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religiooniturism">Religiooniturism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Religiooniturism"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Religiooniturism" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Supplicating_Pilgrim_at_Masjid_Al_Haram._Mecca,_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Supplicating_Pilgrim_at_Masjid_Al_Haram._Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/220px-Supplicating_Pilgrim_at_Masjid_Al_Haram._Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Supplicating_Pilgrim_at_Masjid_Al_Haram._Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/330px-Supplicating_Pilgrim_at_Masjid_Al_Haram._Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Supplicating_Pilgrim_at_Masjid_Al_Haram._Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/440px-Supplicating_Pilgrim_at_Masjid_Al_Haram._Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Moslemist palverändur Mekas Saudi Araabias</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/20px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/40px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Palver%C3%A4nnak" title="Palverännak">Palverännak</a></i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Religiooniturism" title="Religiooniturism">Religiooniturism</a> võetakse ette usulistel või moraalsetel põhjustel, selle alla kuuluvad <a href="/wiki/Palver%C3%A4nnak" title="Palverännak">palverännakud</a> pühapaikadesse ja pühadesse linnadesse, <a href="/wiki/Misjon" title="Misjon">misjonitööd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klooster" title="Klooster">kloostrites</a> viibimised ja usuteemalised kokkutulekud. Religiooniturismi ajalugu ulatub tagasi antiikaega, selle sihtkohad ja tähtsus erinevad religiooniti. <a href="/wiki/Kristlane" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristlane">Kristlaste</a> palverännakud on seotud <a href="/wiki/Jeesus_Kristus" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeesus Kristus">Jeesus Kristuse</a> ja <a href="/wiki/P%C3%BChak" title="Pühak">pühakute</a> sünni-, elu- ja surmapaikadega ning <a href="/wiki/Paavst" title="Paavst">paavsti</a> elupaigaga <a href="/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan">Vatikanis</a>. <a href="/wiki/Moslem" class="mw-redirect" title="Moslem">Moslemitel</a> on kombeks vähemalt kord elus ette võtta <a href="/wiki/Had%C5%BE" title="Hadž">hadž</a> ehk palverännak <a href="/wiki/Meka" title="Meka">Mekasse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2sASH_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2sASH-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kristlike palverändurite sihtkohad keskaegses Eestis on olnud <a href="/wiki/Pirita_klooster" title="Pirita klooster">Pirita klooster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tallinna_Toomkirik" class="mw-redirect" title="Tallinna Toomkirik">Tallinna Toomkirik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vastseliina_piiskopilinnus" title="Vastseliina piiskopilinnus">Vastseliina linnusekabel</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Padise_klooster" title="Padise klooster">Padise klooster</a>, aga neist tuntuim oli Vastseliina.<sup id="cite_ref-SKXuR_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SKXuR-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Üritusturism"><span id=".C3.9Critusturism"></span>Üritusturism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Üritusturism"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Üritusturism" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Critusturism" title="Üritusturism">Üritusturism</a> on reisimine kindla ürituse toimumiskohta ning seejärel osalemine üritusel pealtvaataja, esineja või meeskonna liikme rollis. Seda liigitatakse sageli kultuuriturismi alamliigiks, aga kuna üritusturism ei ole seotud ainult kultuuriüritustega, siis võib seda siduda ka näiteks spordi- ja äriturismiga. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nišiturism"><span id="Ni.C5.A1iturism"></span>Nišiturism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Nišiturism"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Nišiturism" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Old_City_Harbour,_Tallinn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Old_City_Harbour%2C_Tallinn.jpg/250px-Old_City_Harbour%2C_Tallinn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Old_City_Harbour%2C_Tallinn.jpg/330px-Old_City_Harbour%2C_Tallinn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Old_City_Harbour%2C_Tallinn.jpg/500px-Old_City_Harbour%2C_Tallinn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1631" /></a><figcaption>Tallinna saabub aastas keskmisel üle 300 000 kruiisituristi</figcaption></figure> <p>Mõned nišiturismi näited: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ekstreemturism" title="Ekstreemturism">Ekstreemturism</a></b> – ekstreemturismi eesmärk on külastada ohtlikke piirkondi ja/või tegeleda <a href="/wiki/Ekstreemsport" title="Ekstreemsport">ekstreemspordiga</a>. Sinna alla võib kuuluda viibimine <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4gi" title="Mägi">mägedes</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B5rb" title="Kõrb">kõrbedes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanjon" title="Kanjon">kanjonites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vihmamets" title="Vihmamets">vihmametsades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koobas" title="Koobas">koobastes</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Vulkaan" title="Vulkaan">vulkaanide</a> ümbruses või muudes ohtlikuks tunnistatud paikades, näiteks <a href="/wiki/T%C5%A1ornob%C3%B5l" title="Tšornobõl">Tšornobõli</a> lähedal või <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B5jaseisukord" title="Sõjaseisukord">sõjaseisukorraga</a> riikides.<sup id="cite_ref-uoTHe_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoTHe-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4vinguturism" title="Hävinguturism">Hävinguturism</a></b> – tuntud ka kui "viimase võimaluse turism", turistide eesmärk on külastada mitmesuguseid hävimisohus loodusobjekte. See on hiljutise tekkega turismiharu, millel on tihedaid sidemeid <a href="/wiki/%C3%96koturism" title="Ökoturism">ökoturismi</a> ja <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4%C3%A4stev_turism" class="mw-redirect" title="Säästev turism">säästva turismiga</a>. Populaarsed sihtkohad on näiteks <a href="/wiki/Kilimanjaro" title="Kilimanjaro">Kilimanjaro</a> mäe lumine tipp ja <a href="/wiki/Suur_Vallrahu" title="Suur Vallrahu">Suure Vallrahu</a> <a href="/wiki/Korallriff" class="mw-redirect" title="Korallriff">korallrifid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kzDn4_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kzDn4-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Katastroofiturism" title="Katastroofiturism">Katastroofiturism</a></b> – turism piirkondadesse, mis on hiljuti üle elanud mõne inim- või loodusteguritest põhjustatud <a href="/wiki/Katastroof" title="Katastroof">katastroofi</a>. Selle peamine eesmärk on emotsionaalse põnevuse kogemine. Katastroofiturism tekitab vastakaid arvamusi, kuna see võib ühest küljest häirida <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4%C3%A4stet%C3%B6%C3%B6d" title="Päästetööd">pääste</a>- ja koristustööde läbiviimist, teisest küljest suurendada rahva teadlikkust katastroofi tagajärgedest ja aidata <a href="/wiki/Heategevus" title="Heategevus">heategevuslikel</a> organisatsioonidel kannatanute jaoks abivahendeid koguda.<sup id="cite_ref-Novelli_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Novelli-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-X2hg6_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-X2hg6-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eestis võib katastroofiturismi sihtkohaks liigitada iga-aastase <a href="/wiki/Soomaa" title="Soomaa">Soomaa</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viies_aastaeg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viies aastaeg (pole veel kirjutatud)">viienda aastaaja</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cleujutus" title="Üleujutus">üleujutused</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tdZA6_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tdZA6-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kosmoseturism" title="Kosmoseturism">Kosmoseturism</a></b> – alles arenev turismiharu, <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013. aasta</a> septembri seisuga on kosmosereisi võimalust pakkunud ainult <a href="/w/index.php?title=Venemaa_Kosmoseagentuur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venemaa Kosmoseagentuur (pole veel kirjutatud)">Venemaa Kosmoseagentuur</a>, kuid lähiaastatel alustavad reise mitmed erafirmad nagu <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic">Virgin Galactic</a><sup id="cite_ref-Zxc0b_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zxc0b-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. 2010. aasta uuringus hinnati, et <a href="/wiki/2030" title="2030">2030. aastaks</a> võib kosmoseturismi turuväärtus ulatuda miljardi dollarini.<sup id="cite_ref-Novelli_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Novelli-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7kFaX_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7kFaX-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kruiisiturism" title="Kruiisiturism">Kruiisiturism</a></b> – toimub <a href="/wiki/Kruiisilaev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kruiisilaev">kruiisilaevadel</a> ning selle juurde kuuluvad kaldaekskursioonid eri sadamates ja linnades, kus laevad oma reisi jooksul peatuvad.</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBT-turism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LGBT-turism (pole veel kirjutatud)">LGBT-turism</a></b> – suunatud <a href="/wiki/Gei" title="Gei">gei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lesbi" title="Lesbi">lesbi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biseksuaal" class="mw-redirect" title="Biseksuaal">bi-</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Transsoolisus" title="Transsoolisus">transsoolistele</a> turistidele, kes soovivad reisida <a href="/wiki/LGBT" title="LGBT">LGBT</a>-sõbralikesse paikadesse<sup id="cite_ref-1PfvI_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1PfvI-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> või võtta osa <a href="/wiki/Geiparaad" title="Geiparaad">geiparaadidest</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Militaarturism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Militaarturism (pole veel kirjutatud)">Militaarturism</a></b> – sõjaväe ja sõjaväelise tegevusega seotud vaatamisväärsuste külastamine eesmärgiga saada infot militaarobjekti ja sellega seonduva kohta.</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mototurism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mototurism (pole veel kirjutatud)">Mototurism</a></b> - eesmärgiks on läbida mootorrattaga pikki vahemaid. Vaatamisväärsuste külastamine on valikuline, mõned sõitjad selle nimel sadulasse lähevadki, teised keskenduvad sõidurõõmule. Reisitakse üksi, kahekesi või mootorratturite gruppidena. Ööbitakse telgis, laagripaikades ja hotellides.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Popkultuuriturism" title="Popkultuuriturism">Popkultuuriturism</a></b> – tuntud <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">filmide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirjandus" title="Kirjandus">kirjanduse</a> või <a href="/wiki/Muusika" title="Muusika">muusikaga</a> seotud asukohtade külastamine.<sup id="cite_ref-aeM6D_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aeM6D-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Näiteks pärast <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B5rmuste_isand" title="Sõrmuste isand">"Sõrmuste Isanda"</a> <a href="/wiki/Triloogia" title="Triloogia">triloogia</a> filmide valmimist suurenes märgatavalt <a href="/wiki/Uus-Meremaa" title="Uus-Meremaa">Uus-Meremaad</a> külastanud turistide arv, mitmed kohalikud <a href="/wiki/Reisib%C3%BCroo" title="Reisibüroo">reisibürood</a> on hakanud pakkuma turismipakette kuulsate stseenide filmivõtete paikadesse.<sup id="cite_ref-4vAkZ_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4vAkZ-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Seksiturism" title="Seksiturism">Seksiturism</a></b> – seksiturismi käigus soovib turist osa võtta <a href="/wiki/Seks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seks">seksuaalsest tegevusest</a>, reisides piirkondadesse, kus <a href="/wiki/Prostitutsioon" title="Prostitutsioon">prostitutsioon</a> on legaalne või <a href="/wiki/Korrakaitse" title="Korrakaitse">korrakaitse</a> vähem hoolas.<sup id="cite_ref-VZGne_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VZGne-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inim%C3%B5igusorganisatsioon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inimõigusorganisatsioon (pole veel kirjutatud)">Inimõigusorganisatsioonid</a> on süüdistanud seksiturismi <a href="/wiki/Inimkaubandus" title="Inimkaubandus">inimkaubandusele</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapsprostitutsioon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lapsprostitutsioon (pole veel kirjutatud)">lapsprostitutsioonile</a> kaasa aitamises.<sup id="cite_ref-qQovP_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qQovP-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sporditurism" title="Sporditurism">Sporditurism</a></b> – sporditurism hõlmab <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spordi%C3%BCritus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spordiüritus (pole veel kirjutatud)">spordiüritustele</a> reisimist, eesmärgiga neist osa võtta kas võistleja või pealtvaatajana.<sup id="cite_ref-Ovx87_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ovx87-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Populaarsed sporditurismi sihtkohad on <a href="/wiki/Ol%C3%BCmpiam%C3%A4ngud" title="Olümpiamängud">olümpiamängud</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Jalgpalli_maailmameistriv%C3%B5istlused" title="Jalgpalli maailmameistrivõistlused">jalgpalli maailmameistrivõistlused</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Novelli_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Novelli-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sporditurism on kasvav äri, näiteks <a href="/wiki/2012._aasta_suveol%C3%BCmpiam%C3%A4ngud" title="2012. aasta suveolümpiamängud">2012. aasta Londoni olümpiamängudele</a> müüdi kokku peaaegu 11 miljonit piletit, teenides 822 miljonit eurot. Eelmine piletitulurekord kuulus <a href="/wiki/2000._aasta_suveol%C3%BCmpiam%C3%A4ngud" title="2000. aasta suveolümpiamängud">2000. aasta Sydney olümpiamängudele</a> 433 miljoni euroga.<sup id="cite_ref-tAe4p_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tAe4p-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tumeturism" title="Tumeturism">Tumeturism</a></b> – sihtkoht on seotud surma, kannatuste ja õudusega.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Turismiatraktsioonid">Turismiatraktsioonid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Turismiatraktsioonid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Turismiatraktsioonid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:2009-05-30-polska-by-RalfR-30.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/2009-05-30-polska-by-RalfR-30.jpg/250px-2009-05-30-polska-by-RalfR-30.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/2009-05-30-polska-by-RalfR-30.jpg/330px-2009-05-30-polska-by-RalfR-30.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/2009-05-30-polska-by-RalfR-30.jpg/500px-2009-05-30-polska-by-RalfR-30.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Pommeri hertsogi loss, <a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a> (Poola)</figcaption></figure> <p>Turismiatraktsioonideks nimetatakse kohale omaseid omadusi või objekte, mis meelitavad inimesi seda kohta külastama. Külastuse põhjuseks on tavaliselt eesmärk näha atraktsiooni, teha teatud tegevust või saada mingi kogemus. Mõned atraktsioonid on justkui iseenesest tõmbetegurid, näiteks looduskaunid kohad või paigad ajaloolise taustaga, millele on omistatud huvipakkuv tähendus.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Turismiatraktsioonid võib jagada neljaks: </p> <ul><li><b>looduslikud</b> (põhinevad loodusgeograafial – mäed, metsad, koopad, floora, fauna);</li> <li><b>inimtekkelised</b> (algselt turismile mitteorienteeritud) – esialgu kandsid muud funktsiooni (nt ajaloolised ehitised);</li> <li><b>inimtekkelised</b> (algselt turismile suunatud) – spetsiaalselt mõeldud turistide meelitamiseks (lõbustuspargid, ostukeskused, muuseumid);</li> <li><b>eriüritused</b> – mitmekülgne valdkond, kuhu kuuluvad näiteks laulupeod, ilmalikud festivalid, spordiüritused, isegi pulmad ja kokkutulekud.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Peaaegu kõigest on võimalik kujundada turismiatraktsioon, kuid mitte kõigil pole võrdseid võimalusi. Ühtede tõmbetegurid kaaluvad üles teiste omad. Prominentsemad atraktsioonid on näiteks <a href="/wiki/Eiffeli_torn" title="Eiffeli torn">Eiffeli torn</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Suur_Hiina_m%C3%BC%C3%BCr" title="Suur Hiina müür">Suur Hiina müür</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultuuri_mõju_turismile"><span id="Kultuuri_m.C3.B5ju_turismile"></span>Kultuuri mõju turismile</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Kultuuri mõju turismile"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Kultuuri mõju turismile" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:WMEE_Ida-Viru_pildiretk_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/WMEE_Ida-Viru_pildiretk_04.JPG/220px-WMEE_Ida-Viru_pildiretk_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/WMEE_Ida-Viru_pildiretk_04.JPG/330px-WMEE_Ida-Viru_pildiretk_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/WMEE_Ida-Viru_pildiretk_04.JPG/440px-WMEE_Ida-Viru_pildiretk_04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Turism on tänapäeval tihti seotud <a href="/wiki/Fotograafia" title="Fotograafia">fotograafiaga</a>, sest turistid soovivad sageli nähtut ja kogetut jäädvustada ning see on fotograafide töö osa.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kultuur avaldab turismile nii positiivset kui ka negatiivset mõju. Sotsiaalne ja kultuuriline mõju tähendab sellist mõju, mis tekitab kohalike elanike hulgas sotsiaalseid muutusi, infrastruktuuri parandamist ja elustiili muutust. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Positiivne_mõju"><span id="Positiivne_m.C3.B5ju"></span>Positiivne mõju</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Muuda alaosa "Positiivne mõju"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit&section=13" title="Muuda alaosa "Positiivne mõju" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Selleks et säilitada pärandit, investeeritakse raha turismi suurendamiseks. Samuti täiustatakse infrastruktuuri ja säilitatakse kohalikke objekte, mis omakorda on vajalikud hariduse ja vaba aja veetmise jaoks. Kohalike elanike jaoks korraldatakse üritusi. Kohalikud suhtlevad turistidega ja toimub kontakt eri rahvuste vahel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Negatiivne_mõju"><span id="Negatiivne_m.C3.B5ju"></span>Negatiivne mõju</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Muuda alaosa "Negatiivne mõju"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit&section=14" title="Muuda alaosa "Negatiivne mõju" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Piirkondade ulatusliku liikluse tõttu ei suuda infrastruktuur toime tulla kiire kasvuga, mille tagajärjeks on ülerahvastatus. Turistid võivad häirida kohalike elanike elu ja nende tavasid, tekitades müra, segadust ja rahutust. Samuti võib toimuda kultuuride segunemine ehk kohalikud kopeerivad teise kultuuri tavasid. Segunemine võib kaasa tuua usuliste väärtuste kaotamist.<sup id="cite_ref-I7xMU_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-I7xMU-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kultuuriüritused_ja_-objektid"><span id="Kultuuri.C3.BCritused_ja_-objektid"></span>Kultuuriüritused ja -objektid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Muuda alaosa "Kultuuriüritused ja -objektid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit&section=15" title="Muuda alaosa "Kultuuriüritused ja -objektid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tänapäeval on kunstil suur roll inimeste meelitamises. Euroopa riikides külastatakse <a href="/wiki/Muusikal" title="Muusikal">muusikale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teater" title="Teater">teatrietendusi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ballett" title="Ballett">balletti</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Ooper" title="Ooper">ooperit</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Viitamine" title="Vikipeedia:Viitamine"><span title="See väide vajab viidet.">viide?</span></a></i>]</sup> Muuseumid on kodanike ja turistide jaoks peamised ja kättesaadavamad sihtkohad. Euroopas on seitse muuseumit, millel on suur osatähtsus ja enamus nendest muuseumitest paikneb Pariisis ja <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">Londonis</a>. Viimastel aastakümnetel on Euroopa linnadest saanud loomingulised keskused, näiteks <a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berliin" title="Berliin">Berliin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kopenhaagen" title="Kopenhaagen">Kopenhaagen</a>. Kultuur mõjutab otseselt linna kinnisvara väärtust, muutudes kultuurilise uuenemise strateegiate peamiseks elemendiks.<sup id="cite_ref-9CVyt_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9CVyt-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Näiteks Eestis saavutab populaarsuse <a href="/wiki/Rotermanni_kvartal" title="Rotermanni kvartal">Rotermanni kvartali</a> arhitektuur. Samuti on väga populaarne valik turistide seas <a href="/wiki/Kumu" title="Kumu">Kumu kunstimuuseum</a>. Eesti teatrikunstis on esile kerkinud <a href="/wiki/Teater_NO99" title="Teater NO99">teater NO99</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rahvamuusika" title="Rahvamuusika">Rahvamuusika</a> on teinud läbi teatava taassünni. Näiteks korraldatakse <a href="/wiki/Viljandi_p%C3%A4rimusmuusika_festival" title="Viljandi pärimusmuusika festival">Viljandi pärimusmuusika festivali</a> ning kõige suurem ja tähtsam on <a href="/wiki/Laulupidu" title="Laulupidu">laulupidu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vvZqR_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vvZqR-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Turismi_mõju"><span id="Turismi_m.C3.B5ju"></span>Turismi mõju</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Muuda alaosa "Turismi mõju"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit&section=16" title="Muuda alaosa "Turismi mõju" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Osmussaare_vikiekspeditsioon_2015._1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Osmussaare_vikiekspeditsioon_2015._1.jpg/220px-Osmussaare_vikiekspeditsioon_2015._1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Osmussaare_vikiekspeditsioon_2015._1.jpg/330px-Osmussaare_vikiekspeditsioon_2015._1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Osmussaare_vikiekspeditsioon_2015._1.jpg/440px-Osmussaare_vikiekspeditsioon_2015._1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4115" data-file-height="2733" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/RMK" class="mw-redirect" title="RMK">RMK</a> laagriplats <a href="/wiki/Osmussaar" title="Osmussaar">Osmussaarel</a> on üles seatud just selleks, et hõlbustada turistidele saarel peatumist</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Positiivne_mõju_2"><span id="Positiivne_m.C3.B5ju_2"></span>Positiivne mõju</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Muuda alaosa "Positiivne mõju"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit&section=17" title="Muuda alaosa "Positiivne mõju" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turism aitab luua uusi töökohti nii otseselt, luues tööd turiste teenindavale personalile, kui ka kaudselt <a href="/wiki/Jaem%C3%BC%C3%BCk" title="Jaemüük">jaemüügi-</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">transpordisektoreid</a> kasvatades. Turistide jaoks loodud infrastruktuuri, näiteks kaubanduskeskusi, lõbustusasutusi ja transpordisõlmi, saavad kasutada ka kohalikud. Maapiirkondades võib turism aidata kaasa väikeettevõtete loomisele. Turistidelt laekub kohalikku majandusse makse, mida vähem arenenud piirkondades võib kasutada koolide ja haiglate ehituseks.<sup id="cite_ref-Simm_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simm-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mõõduka mahuga turism aitab kohalikel <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4sit%C3%B6%C3%B6" title="Käsitöö">käsitöövormidel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tava (pole veel kirjutatud)">tavadel</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kultuuri%C3%BCritus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kultuuriüritus (pole veel kirjutatud)">kultuuriüritustel</a> säilida, kuna elanikud hakkavad teadvustama oma erilisust ja atraktiivsust. Kohalik kultuurimaastik võib isegi rikastuda kokkupuutel teiste maailmavaadetega.<sup id="cite_ref-Simm_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simm-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Loodusturism" title="Loodusturism">Loodus-</a> ja <a href="/wiki/%C3%96koturism" title="Ökoturism">ökoturism</a> aitavad tõmmata tähelepanu loodusrikkuste kaitse vajadusele, näidates nende väärtust puutumata kujul. Mitmel juhul võib loodusobjektide rahaline väärtus turismi tõmbeallikana ületada selle objekti <a href="/wiki/Loodusvarad" title="Loodusvarad">loodusvarade</a> kasutuselevõtust saadavat tulu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Probleemid">Probleemid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Muuda alaosa "Probleemid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit&section=18" title="Muuda alaosa "Probleemid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turismiga kaasneb siiski ka elu pahupool, milleks on õhu- ja veesaaste, liiklusummikud, erosioon, elupaikade ning liikide hävimine jne.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kliimamuutuste ja turismi vahekord on olnud loodus- ja inimgeograafiat ühendav teema. Fookus on peamiselt kliimamuutustel ja riskiohus keskkondadel nagu märgalad või polaarsed piirkonnad. Kliimamuutustest rääkides käsitletakse eri aspekte, mis on seotud turismiga: </p> <ul><li>turismist põhjustatud linnastumine põhjustab muutusi maakasutuses ja maakattetüübis;</li> <li>suurenenud transpordivõrgustiku energianõudlus;</li> <li>suure koormusega turismipiirkondades looduse mitmekesisuse vähenemine ja liikide väljasuremine;</li> <li>haiguste levik;</li> <li>puhta vee varu vähenemine.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Turismimajanduse negatiivsest küljest võib esile tuua nn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lekkeefekt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lekkeefekt (pole veel kirjutatud)">lekkeefekti</a>, mille tagajärjel viiakse suur osa turismitulust sihtriigist välja. Selle põhjuseid on mitu, alates välismaise päritoluga <a href="/wiki/Majutusettev%C3%B5te" title="Majutusettevõte">majutusasutustest</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Reisib%C3%BCroo" title="Reisibüroo">reisiagentuuridest</a> kuni reklaamikuludeni ja vajaduseni turistide tarbeks tooraineid sisse tarnida.<sup id="cite_ref-dt0a8_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dt0a8-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Et turiste üldse kohale meelitama hakata, on enne tarvis arendada kohalikku infrastruktuuri, mis vaesemates piirkondades võib tähendada kohalike elanike maksuraha kasutamist või kulukaid <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4lisinvesteering" title="Välisinvesteering">välisinvesteeringuid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-k3Sg1_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k3Sg1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uuringud on näidanud, et ligikaudu 70% turistide kulutustest <a href="/wiki/Tai" title="Tai">Tais</a> ei jää lekkeefekti tõttu sihtriiki.<sup id="cite_ref-NuSza_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NuSza-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turismi abil loodud töökohad on tihti madala palgaga ja hooajalised, samas võib turism kergitada toodete, teenuste ja kinnisvara hinda kohalike jaoks.<sup id="cite_ref-Simm_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simm-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Massiturism võib avaldada kahjulikku mõju kohalikule identiteedile ning turistide käitumise tagajärjel võivad tekkida probleemid ummikute, müra ja saastatuse tõttu. Kohalikud elanikud võidakse isegi turismipiirkondadest välja tõrjuda.<sup id="cite_ref-Simm_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simm-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liialt intensiivne turism avaldab survet piirkonna ressurssidele nagu vesi, kütus, toormaterjalid ja toit, kuna need kuluvad külastajate tarbeks. Üks turist võib keskmiselt päeva jooksul kulutada samasuguse koguse vett, mis arengumaa talupojal piisaks 100 päeva jooksul riisi kasvatamiseks. Ühe <a href="/wiki/Golfiv%C3%A4ljak" title="Golfiväljak">golfiväljaku</a> ülalpidamiseks vajalik vesi kataks 10 000 elanikuga linna veevajaduse.<sup id="cite_ref-XbpSk_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-XbpSk-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reisijate transport pika maa taha paiskab atmosfääri <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCsinikdioksiid" class="mw-redirect" title="Süsinikdioksiid">süsinikdioksiidi</a> ja muid saasteühendeid. Turistide avaldatav koormus võib lõpuks kahjustada turismi tõmbeallikat ennast, näiteks sukeldujad võivad kahjustada korallriffe.<sup id="cite_ref-Simm_48-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simm-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WWn58_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWn58-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Protestid_massiturismi_vastu_ja_meetmed_piiramiseks">Protestid massiturismi vastu ja meetmed piiramiseks</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Muuda alaosa "Protestid massiturismi vastu ja meetmed piiramiseks"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit&section=19" title="Muuda alaosa "Protestid massiturismi vastu ja meetmed piiramiseks" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Massiturismi tõttu on mitmetes populaarsetes kohtades saanud loodus kannatada ning eluruumide hinnad muutunud kohalike elanike jaoks liiga kõrgeks, samuti pole turismi suurenemine toonud kaasa väidetavat tarbimise ja majanduse kasvu, küll aga kohalike elutingimuste halvenemise. </p><p>2024. aastal toimus mitmeid proteste massiturismi vastu Lõuna-Euroopas, näiteks <a href="/wiki/Mallorca" title="Mallorca">Mallorcas</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelonas</a>. Turismi probleemne massiline kasv võib olla seotud mitme teguriga: odavad lennupiletid, <a href="/wiki/Sotsiaalmeedia" title="Sotsiaalmeedia">ühismeedia</a>, majandusliku heaolu kasv, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BClaliskorter" title="Külaliskorter">külaliskorterid</a> ja vähene reguleeritus.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Veneetsia" title="Veneetsia">Veneetsias</a> on kehtestatud turismimaks<sup id="cite_ref-:1_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, sama tehti <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Balis</a> ning seda kaalub Šveitsi küla <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lauterbrunnen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lauterbrunnen (pole veel kirjutatud)">Lauterbrunnen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jaapani asulas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fujikawaguchiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fujikawaguchiko (pole veel kirjutatud)">Fujikawaguchikos</a>, kus avaneb vaade <a href="/wiki/Fuji" title="Fuji">Fuji</a> mäele, püstitati vaadet piirav tara, kuna turistid tekitasid prügi, käisid <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eramaa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eramaa (pole veel kirjutatud)">eramaadel</a> ning tegid parkimisolud keeruliseks.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Turism_Eestis">Turism Eestis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Muuda alaosa "Turism Eestis"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit&section=20" title="Muuda alaosa "Turism Eestis" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/20px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/40px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Eesti_turism" title="Eesti turism">Eesti turism</a></i></dd></dl> <p>Eestit külastas <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015. aastal</a> 6 miljonit välisturisti, mis on varasema aastaga võrreldes langenud 7%. Umbes pooled turistidest veetsid Eestis vaid ühe päeva, ülejäänud viibisid pikemalt. Peamiselt saabuvad külastajad Eestisse <a href="/wiki/Soome" title="Soome">Soomest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venemaa" title="Venemaa">Venemaalt</a> ja <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4ti" title="Läti">Lätist</a>, veidi vähem <a href="/wiki/Saksamaa" title="Saksamaa">Saksamaalt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rootsi" title="Rootsi">Rootsist</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Leedu" title="Leedu">Leedust</a>. Hoogsalt on kasvanud turistide arv <a href="/wiki/Aasia" title="Aasia">Aasia</a> riikidest nagu <a href="/wiki/Jaapan" title="Jaapan">Jaapan</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B5una-Korea" title="Lõuna-Korea">Lõuna-Korea</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Hiina" title="Hiina">Hiina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kõige populaarsem turismipiirkond Eestis on <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a>, kus on turismi intensiivsus isegi suurem kui tuntud turismiriikides <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Maltal</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Horvaatia" title="Horvaatia">Horvaatias</a>. <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Eesti" title="Lääne-Eesti">Lääne-Eesti</a> turismimagnetiks on ka <a href="/wiki/Saaremaa" title="Saaremaa">Saaremaa</a>. Eesti turismile on siiski omane tugev hooajalisus, kuna peamiselt külastatakse Eestit suvel. Turismi intensiivsus on Eesti keskmisest suurem viies maakonnas: <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu_maakond" title="Pärnu maakond">Pärnu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saare_maakond" title="Saare maakond">Saare</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne_maakond" title="Lääne maakond">Lääne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valga_maakond" title="Valga maakond">Valga</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Harju_maakond" title="Harju maakond">Harju maakonnas</a>. Ülejäänud kümnes maakonnas jääb intensiivsus keskmisele alla. Kogu Eesti turismi intensiivsuse näitaja on 4 (iga elaniku kohta 4 majutusasutuses ööbitud ööd), mis jääb alla <a href="/wiki/Euroopa_Liit" title="Euroopa Liit">Euroopa Liidu</a> keskmisele (5).<sup id="cite_ref-:6_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit&section=21" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turismi_m%C3%B5isteid" title="Turismi mõisteid">Turismi mõisteid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4listuristide_arv_Eestis" title="Välisturistide arv Eestis">Välisturistide arv Eestis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit&section=22" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6066747">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xn--snaveeb-10a.ee/search/unif/est/dsall/turism/1/est">"Otsing"</a>. <i>xn--snaveeb-10a.ee</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 14. märtsil 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=xn--snaveeb-10a.ee&rft.atitle=Otsing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fxn--snaveeb-10a.ee%2Fsearch%2Funif%2Fest%2Fdsall%2Fturism%2F1%2Fest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rIT3c-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-rIT3c_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100922120940/http://pub.unwto.org/WebRoot/Store/Shops/Infoshop/Products/1034/1034-1.pdf">"UNWTO technical manual: Collection of Tourism Expenditure Statistics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. World Tourism Organization. 1995. Lk 14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pub.unwto.org/WebRoot/Store/Shops/Infoshop/Products/1034/1034-1.pdf">Originaali</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> arhiivikoopia seisuga 22.09.2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 26.03.2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNWTO+technical+manual%3A+Collection+of+Tourism+Expenditure+Statistics&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=World+Tourism+Organization&rft.date=1995&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpub.unwto.org%2FWebRoot%2FStore%2FShops%2FInfoshop%2FProducts%2F1034%2F1034-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WTO2011Highlights-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WTO2011Highlights_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111203015240/http://mkt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/unwtohighlights11enhr.pdf">"UNTWO Tourism Highlights 2011 Edition"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Tourism_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Tourism Organization (pole veel kirjutatud)">World Tourism Organization</a>. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mkt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/unwtohighlights11enhr.pdf">Originaali</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> arhiivikoopia seisuga 3.12.2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 1.07.2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNTWO+Tourism+Highlights+2011+Edition&rft.pub=World+Tourism+Organization&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmkt.unwto.org%2Fsites%2Fall%2Ffiles%2Fdocpdf%2Funwtohighlights11enhr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WTO2008-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WTO2008_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tourismroi.com/Content_Attachments/27670/File_633513750035785076.pdf">"UNWTO World Tourism Barometer June 2008"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <b>6</b> (2). <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Tourism_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Tourism Organization (pole veel kirjutatud)">World Tourism Organization</a>. Juuni 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 1.08.2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=UNWTO+World+Tourism+Barometer+June+2008&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2008-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourismroi.com%2FContent_Attachments%2F27670%2FFile_633513750035785076.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Mall:Cite_journal" title="Mall:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment">viitemall journal nõuab parameetrit <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Juhend:Viitamismallide_vead#missing_periodical" title="Juhend:Viitamismallide vead">juhend</a>)</span>(surnud link)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WTOjanuary10-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WTOjanuary10_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110626124833/http://unwto.org/facts/eng/pdf/barometer/UNWTO_Barom10_1_en_excerpt.pdf">"UNWTO World Tourism Barometer January 2010"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <b>8</b> (1). <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Tourism_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Tourism Organization (pole veel kirjutatud)">World Tourism Organization</a>. Jaanuar 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unwto.org/facts/eng/pdf/barometer/UNWTO_Barom10_1_en_excerpt.pdf">Originaali</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> arhiivikoopia seisuga 26.06.2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 18.03.2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=UNWTO+World+Tourism+Barometer+January+2010&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2010-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funwto.org%2Ffacts%2Feng%2Fpdf%2Fbarometer%2FUNWTO_Barom10_1_en_excerpt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Mall:Cite_journal" title="Mall:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment">viitemall journal nõuab parameetrit <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Juhend:Viitamismallide_vead#missing_periodical" title="Juhend:Viitamismallide vead">juhend</a>)</span>(surnud link)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-04azl-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-04azl_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Feifer, M. (1986). Tourism in history: From Imperial Rome to the present. Stein and Day.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-0CdlM-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-0CdlM_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chaney, E. (2000). The Evolution of the Grand Tour: Anglo-Italian Cultural Relations Since the Renaissance. Frank Cass Publishers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fj8w0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-fj8w0_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Towner, John. (1985). "THE GRAND TOUR A Key Phase in the History of Tourism". Annals of Tourism Research. 12, lk 297–333. J. Jafari and Pergamon Press Ltd.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-saRDT-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-saRDT_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bohls, E., Duncan, I. (Toim.) (2005). Travel Writing 1700–1830 : An Anthology. Oxford University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hdPmA-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-hdPmA_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Singh, L. K. (2008). "Issues in Tourism Industry". Fundamental of Tourism and Travel. Delhi: Isha Books. lk 189</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SwDC3-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SwDC3_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110525050010/http://www.coxandkings.co.uk/aboutus-history.aspx">"History: Centuries of Experience"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cox_%26_Kings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cox & Kings (pole veel kirjutatud)">Cox & Kings</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coxandkings.co.uk/aboutus-history.aspx">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 25.05.2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 23.09.2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History%3A+Centuries+of+Experience&rft.pub=Cox+%26+Kings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coxandkings.co.uk%2Faboutus-history.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TG8mr-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-TG8mr_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ingle, R., 1991 Thomas Cook of Leicester, Bangor, Headstart History</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kJHXx-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-kJHXx_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite id="CITEREFGrace,_Michael_L.2011" class="citation web cs1">Grace, Michael L. (6. juuni 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cruiselinehistory.com/tag/prinzessin-victoria-luise/">"ALBERT BALLIN – Inventor and father of the pleasure cruise"</a>. Cruise Line History<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24.09.2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ALBERT+BALLIN+%E2%80%93+Inventor+and+father+of+the+pleasure+cruise.&rft.pub=Cruise+Line+History&rft.date=2011-06-06&rft.au=Grace%2C+Michael+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcruiselinehistory.com%2Ftag%2Fprinzessin-victoria-luise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uZLLo-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-uZLLo_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite id="CITEREFHauser,_A.2009" class="citation web cs1">Hauser, A. (september 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017055750/http://www.destinationworld.info/newsletter/feature45.html">"What is Mass Tourism? An Attempt at Defining It"</a>. <i>Destination World</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.destinationworld.info/newsletter/feature45.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 17.10.2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 27.09.2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Destination+World&rft.atitle=What+is+Mass+Tourism%3F+An+Attempt+at+Defining+It&rft.date=2009-09&rft.au=Hauser%2C+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.destinationworld.info%2Fnewsletter%2Ffeature45.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8Zf4N-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8Zf4N_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Grace, Michael L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111219230025/http://www.kulmhotel-stmoritz.ch/en/portrait/tradition-history/early-winter-tourism.html">Early Winter Tourism</a> Tradition & History (vaadatud 24.09.2013)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RuPCY-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-RuPCY_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131021181753/http://www.wyomingtourism.org/thingstodo/overview/Sleigh-Rides/1551">SLEIGH RIDES</a> Wyoming Travel and Tourism (vaadatud 24.09.2013)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9m2F9-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9m2F9_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dogsledding-adventures.com/">Dog sledding tours, sleddog adventures in Lapland – Sweden</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PDR5L-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PDR5L_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Arctic Circle Cabin, Rovaniemi 1950–1975. Tourism Board of the City of Rovaniemi. Rautakirja Oy</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OZhxu-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-OZhxu_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Burakowski, E., Magnusson, M.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrdc.org/globalwarming/files/climate-impacts-winter-tourism-report.pdf">Climate Impacts on the Winter Tourism Economy in the United States</a> NRDC, detsember 2012 (vaadatud 24.09.2013)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DImYW-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DImYW_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Breiling M., Charamza P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.breiling.org/publ/snow1.PDF">The impact of global warming on winter tourism and skiing: a regionalized model for Austrian snow conditions</a> Regional Environmental Change, mai 1999 (vaadatud 24.09.2013)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eSNKD-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-eSNKD_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaldur, M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maaleht.ee/news/tarbija/turism/taliturism-eestis-labi-lume-ja-ule-jaa.d?id=23965437">Taliturism Eestis – läbi lume ja üle jää</a> Maaleht, 5. veebruar 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xn--snaveeb-10a.ee/search/unif/est/dsall/loodusturism/1/est">"Otsing"</a>. <i>xn--snaveeb-10a.ee</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 14. märtsil 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=xn--snaveeb-10a.ee&rft.atitle=Otsing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fxn--snaveeb-10a.ee%2Fsearch%2Funif%2Fest%2Fdsall%2Floodusturism%2F1%2Fest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xn--snaveeb-10a.ee/search/unif/est/dsall/kultuuriturism/1/est">"Otsing"</a>. <i>xn--snaveeb-10a.ee</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 14. märtsil 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=xn--snaveeb-10a.ee&rft.atitle=Otsing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fxn--snaveeb-10a.ee%2Fsearch%2Funif%2Fest%2Fdsall%2Fkultuuriturism%2F1%2Fest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2tky-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-N2tky_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite id="CITEREFHorowitz,_M._D.,_Rosensweig,_J._A.2007" class="citation web cs1">Horowitz, M. D., Rosensweig, J. A. (november 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131016211942/http://web.nchu.edu.tw/pweb/users/hychuo/lesson/5877.pdf">"Medical tourism–health care in the global economy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Physician Executive</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.nchu.edu.tw/pweb/users/hychuo/lesson/5877.pdf">Originaali</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> arhiivikoopia seisuga 16.10.2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 26.09.2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Physician+Executive&rft.atitle=Medical+tourism%E2%80%93health+care+in+the+global+economy&rft.date=2007-11&rft.au=Horowitz%2C+M.+D.%2C+Rosensweig%2C+J.+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.nchu.edu.tw%2Fpweb%2Fusers%2Fhychuo%2Flesson%2F5877.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Mall:Netiviide" title="Mall:Netiviide">netiviide</a>}}</code>: CS1 hooldus: mitu nime: autorite loend (<a href="/wiki/Kategooria:CS1_hooldus:_mitu_nime:_autorite_loend" title="Kategooria:CS1 hooldus: mitu nime: autorite loend">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JKaxL-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-JKaxL_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite id="CITEREFHorowitz,_M._D.,_Rosensweig,_J._A.,_Jones,_C._A.2007" class="citation web cs1">Horowitz, M. D., Rosensweig, J. A., Jones, C. A. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2234298/">"Medical Tourism: Globalization of the Healthcare Marketplace"</a>. <i>Medscape General Medicine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 26.09.2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medscape+General+Medicine&rft.atitle=Medical+Tourism%3A+Globalization+of+the+Healthcare+Marketplace&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Horowitz%2C+M.+D.%2C+Rosensweig%2C+J.+A.%2C+Jones%2C+C.+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2234298%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Mall:Netiviide" title="Mall:Netiviide">netiviide</a>}}</code>: CS1 hooldus: mitu nime: autorite loend (<a href="/wiki/Kategooria:CS1_hooldus:_mitu_nime:_autorite_loend" title="Kategooria:CS1 hooldus: mitu nime: autorite loend">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vyB40-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-vyB40_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gahlinger, PM. <i>The Medical Tourism Travel Guide: Your Complete Reference to Top-Quality, Low-Cost Dental, Cosmetic, Medical Care & Surgery Overseas.</i> Sunrise River Press, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m4sPw-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-m4sPw_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite id="CITEREFCrooks2013" class="citation web cs1">Crooks; et al. (8.02.2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/3/2/e002302.full">"Ethical and legal implications of the risks of medical tourism for patients: a qualitative study of Canadian health and safety representatives' perspectives"</a>. <i>BMJ Open</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 26.09.2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BMJ+Open&rft.atitle=Ethical+and+legal+implications+of+the+risks+of+medical+tourism+for+patients%3A+a+qualitative+study+of+Canadian+health+and+safety+representatives%E2%80%99+perspectives&rft.date=2013-02-08&rft.au=Crooks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbmjopen.bmj.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F2%2Fe002302.full&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Mall:Netiviide" title="Mall:Netiviide">netiviide</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">et al.-i üleliigne kasutus kohas: <code class="cs1-code">|autor=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Juhend:Viitamismallide_vead#explicit_et_al" title="Juhend:Viitamismallide vead">juhend</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2sASH-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2sASH_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, C. (1996). Atlas of Holy Places & Sacred Sites. DK Adult. lk 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SKXuR-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SKXuR_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Engman, K. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kjt.ee/2012/06/palverannak-kui-ajastuteulene-fenomen/">Palverännak kui ajastuteülene fenomen</a> Kirik ja Teoloogia, 20.06.2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uoTHe-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-uoTHe_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite id="CITEREFWatt,_P." class="citation web cs1">Watt, P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929203906/http://www.elementmoscow.ru/articles.php?i=125000&s=04-in-motion">"Extreme tourism"</a>. <i>Elelement</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elementmoscow.ru/articles.php?i=125000&s=04-in-motion">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 29.09.2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 25.09.2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Elelement&rft.atitle=Extreme+tourism&rft.au=Watt%2C+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elementmoscow.ru%2Farticles.php%3Fi%3D125000%26s%3D04-in-motion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kzDn4-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-kzDn4_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite id="CITEREFSalkin,_A.2006" class="citation web cs1">Salkin, A. (16.09.2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/16/world/americas/16iht-tourism.1.8762449.html?_r=0">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Tourism of doom' on rise"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 25.09.2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Tourism+of+doom%27+on+rise&rft.date=2006-09-16&rft.au=Salkin%2C+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F12%2F16%2Fworld%2Famericas%2F16iht-tourism.1.8762449.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Novelli-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Novelli_32-0">32,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Novelli_32-1">32,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Novelli_32-2">32,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Niche Tourism: Contemporary Issues, Trends and Cases. Novelli, M. (toim). Routledge. 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-X2hg6-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-X2hg6_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-disaster-tourism.htm">What Is Disaster Tourism?</a>. Petersen, L. Kasutatud 25.09.2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tdZA6-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-tdZA6_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120516161403/http://eesti.soomaa.com/soomaa-viies-aastaaeg/">Soomaa viies aastaaeg</a>. Soomaa (2013). Kasutatud 25.09.2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zxc0b-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Zxc0b_35-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite id="CITEREFBatley,_A.2010" class="citation web cs1">Batley, A. (5.06.2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1283188/Your-flight-departing-space-terminal-1-The-amazing-story-Sir-Richard-Bransons-new-Virgin-Galactic-project.html">"Your flight is now departing from space terminal 1: The amazing story behind Branson's Virgin Galactic project"</a>. London: Daily Mail<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 25.09.2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Your+flight+is+now+departing+from+space+terminal+1%3A+The+amazing+story+behind+Branson%27s+Virgin+Galactic+project&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Daily+Mail&rft.date=2010-06-05&rft.au=Batley%2C+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymail.co.uk%2Fhome%2Fmoslive%2Farticle-1283188%2FYour-flight-departing-space-terminal-1-The-amazing-story-Sir-Richard-Bransons-new-Virgin-Galactic-project.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7kFaX-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7kFaX_36-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faa.gov/news/updates/media/Economic%20Impact%20Study%20September%202010_20101026_PS.pdf">"The Economic Impact of Commercial Space Transportation on the U. S Economy in 2009"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Federal Aviation Administration. September 2010. Lehekülg 11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 25.09.2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Economic+Impact+of+Commercial+Space+Transportation+on+the+U.+S+Economy+in+2009&rft.pages=Lehek%C3%BClg+11&rft.pub=Federal+Aviation+Administration&rft.date=2010-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faa.gov%2Fnews%2Fupdates%2Fmedia%2FEconomic%2520Impact%2520Study%2520September%25202010_20101026_PS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1PfvI-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1PfvI_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lonelyplanet.com/usa/san-francisco/travel-tips-and-articles/76124">"Top gay-friendly destinations"</a>. <i>Lonely Planet</i>. 08.08.2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 25.09.2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lonely+Planet&rft.atitle=Top+gay-friendly+destinations&rft.date=2013-08-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonelyplanet.com%2Fusa%2Fsan-francisco%2Ftravel-tips-and-articles%2F76124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aeM6D-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-aeM6D_38-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite id="CITEREFMetcalf,_S.2006" class="citation web cs1">Metcalf, S. (mai 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/on-location">"Pop Culture Trips"</a>. <i>Travel+Leisure</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 25.09.2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Travel%2BLeisure&rft.atitle=Pop+Culture+Trips&rft.date=2006-05&rft.au=Metcalf%2C+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelandleisure.com%2Farticles%2Fon-location&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4vAkZ-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4vAkZ_39-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131016211717/http://www.theculturedtraveler.com/Archives/AUG2005/Movies_New_Zeland.htm">"Movie Tourism in New Zealand"</a>. <i>The Cultured Traveler</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theculturedtraveler.com/Archives/AUG2005/Movies_New_Zeland.htm">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 16.10.2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 25.09.2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Cultured+Traveler&rft.atitle=Movie+Tourism+in+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theculturedtraveler.com%2FArchives%2FAUG2005%2FMovies_New_Zeland.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VZGne-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-VZGne_40-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">WTO Statement On The Prevention Of Organized Sex Tourism. Adopted by the General Assembly of the World Tourism Organization at its eleventh session – Cairo (Egypt), 17–22 October 1995 (Resolution A/RES/338 (XI))</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-qQovP-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-qQovP_41-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite id="CITEREFGuzder,_D.2009" class="citation web cs1">Guzder, D. (25.08.2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101221005310/http://pulitzercenter.org/blog/untold-stories/economics-commercial-sexual-exploitation">"The Economics of Commercial Sexual Exploitation"</a>. <i>Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pulitzercenter.org/blog/untold-stories/economics-commercial-sexual-exploitation">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 21.12.2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 25.09.2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pulitzer+Center+on+Crisis+Reporting&rft.atitle=The+Economics+of+Commercial+Sexual+Exploitation&rft.date=2009-08-25&rft.au=Guzder%2C+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpulitzercenter.org%2Fblog%2Funtold-stories%2Feconomics-commercial-sexual-exploitation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ovx87-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ovx87_42-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite id="CITEREFCommonwealth_of_Australia2000" class="citation web cs1">Commonwealth of Australia (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ausport.gov.au/fulltext/2000/feddep/SportTourismStrategy.pdf">"Towards A National Sports Tourism Strategy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 25.09.2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Towards+A+National+Sports+Tourism+Strategy&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Commonwealth+of+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ausport.gov.au%2Ffulltext%2F2000%2Ffeddep%2FSportTourismStrategy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tAe4p-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-tAe4p_43-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite id="CITEREFMackay,_D.2012" class="citation web cs1">Mackay, D. (13.11.2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/summer-olympics/2012/1011660-london-2012-ticket-sales-record-set-to-leave-politicians-unimpressed">"London 2012 ticket sales record set to leave politicians unimpressed"</a>. <i>Inside the Games</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 25.09.2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inside+the+Games&rft.atitle=London+2012+ticket+sales+record+set+to+leave+politicians+unimpressed&rft.date=2012-11-13&rft.au=Mackay%2C+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidethegames.biz%2Folympics%2Fsummer-olympics%2F2012%2F1011660-london-2012-ticket-sales-record-set-to-leave-politicians-unimpressed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:5_44-0">44,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:5_44-1">44,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:5_44-2">44,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Nelson, V. 2013. <i>An Introduction to the Geography of Tourism.</i> Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-I7xMU-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-I7xMU_45-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/positive-negative-effects-tourism-social-cultural-prince-mdusman">https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/positive-negative-effects-tourism-social-cultural-prince-mdusman</a>, The positive and negative effects of Tourism on the social-cultural environment of a country, LinkedIn. 2016, 30. jaanuar.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9CVyt-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9CVyt_46-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171212031616/https://www.culturepartnership.eu/article/influence-of-culture-on-tourism">https://web.archive.org/web/20171212031616/https://www.culturepartnership.eu/article/influence-of-culture-on-tourism</a>, Влияние культурных и креативных индустрий на туризм и обновление городской среды, Ernst&Young, s.a.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vvZqR-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-vvZqR_47-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eesti_kultuur">https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eesti_kultuur</a>, Eesti kultuur, Vikipeedia, (s.a).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simm-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Simm_48-0">48,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Simm_48-1">48,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Simm_48-2">48,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Simm_48-3">48,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Simm_48-4">48,4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite id="CITEREFSimm,_C." class="citation web cs1">Simm, C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017054235/http://traveltips.usatoday.com/positive-negative-effects-tourism-63336.html">"Positive & Negative Effects of Tourism"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://traveltips.usatoday.com/positive-negative-effects-tourism-63336.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 17.10.2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 28.09.2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Positive+%26+Negative+Effects+of+Tourism&rft.au=Simm%2C+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftraveltips.usatoday.com%2Fpositive-negative-effects-tourism-63336.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_49-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams, S., Lew, A. A., 2015. <i>Tourism Geography: critical understandings of place, space and experience. Third edition.</i> Routledge. London, New York.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:4_50-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hall, C. M., Page, S. J., 2009. <i>Progress in Tourism Management: From the geography of tourism to geographies of tourism – A review.</i> Tourism Management, vol. 30. no 1, pp. 3–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dt0a8-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-dt0a8_51-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131016232725/http://www.unep.org/resourceefficiency/Business/SectoralActivities/Tourism/FactsandFiguresaboutTourism/ImpactsofTourism/EconomicImpactsofTourism/NegativeEconomicImpactsofTourism/tabid/78784/Default.aspx">"Negative Economic Impacts of Tourism"</a>. <i>Resource Efficiency and Sustainable Consumption and Production</i>. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unep.org/resourceefficiency/Business/SectoralActivities/Tourism/FactsandFiguresaboutTourism/ImpactsofTourism/EconomicImpactsofTourism/NegativeEconomicImpactsofTourism/tabid/78784/Default.aspx">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 16.10.2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 28.09.2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Resource+Efficiency+and+Sustainable+Consumption+and+Production&rft.atitle=Negative+Economic+Impacts+of+Tourism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unep.org%2Fresourceefficiency%2FBusiness%2FSectoralActivities%2FTourism%2FFactsandFiguresaboutTourism%2FImpactsofTourism%2FEconomicImpactsofTourism%2FNegativeEconomicImpactsofTourism%2Ftabid%2F78784%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-k3Sg1-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-k3Sg1_52-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mill, R. C. (2002). <i>The Tourism System</i>. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NuSza-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NuSza_53-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017003437/http://www.publicsector.org/local_agenda_21and_you/WhileTravelling/5Questions.html">While Travelling 5 – Questions for your travel agent</a> Agenda 21 (vaadatud 28.09.2013)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-XbpSk-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-XbpSk_54-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131016214813/http://www.responsibletravelreport.com/component/content/article/2642-mass-tourism-effects">The Effects Mass Tourism Has Had on Developing Countries</a> Responsible Travel Report (vaadatud 28.09.2013)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WWn58-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WWn58_55-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017063132/http://green.hotelscombined.com/Rtg-Negative-Impacts-of-Tourism.php">The Responsible Traveler Guide</a> Green Hotels & Responsible Tourism Initiative (vaadatud 28.09.2013)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_56-0">56,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_56-1">56,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite id="CITEREFBuckley2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Buckley, Julia (24. august 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/travel/tourism-why-it-went-wrong/index.html">"How it all went wrong for tourism"</a>. <i>CNN</i> (inglise)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 27. augustil 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=How+it+all+went+wrong+for+tourism&rft.date=2024-08-24&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2Ftravel%2Ftourism-why-it-went-wrong%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite id="CITEREFOrie2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Orie, Amarachi (20. mai 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2024/05/20/travel/lauterbrunnen-visitor-entry-fee-switzerland-intl-scli/index.html">"Swiss village overwhelmed by tourists wants to charge visitors for entry"</a>. <i>CNN</i> (inglise)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 27. augustil 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Swiss+village+overwhelmed+by+tourists+wants+to+charge+visitors+for+entry&rft.date=2024-05-20&rft.aulast=Orie&rft.aufirst=Amarachi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2024%2F05%2F20%2Ftravel%2Flauterbrunnen-visitor-entry-fee-switzerland-intl-scli%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite id="CITEREFMarcus2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Marcus, Lilit (21. mai 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/travel/fujikawaguchiko-japan-photo-blocking-barrier-intl-hnk/index.html">"Japanese town overrun with tourists puts up view-blocking barrier near Mount Fuji"</a>. <i>CNN</i> (inglise)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 27. augustil 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Japanese+town+overrun+with+tourists+puts+up+view-blocking+barrier+near+Mount+Fuji&rft.date=2024-05-21&rft.aulast=Marcus&rft.aufirst=Lilit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2Ftravel%2Ffujikawaguchiko-japan-photo-blocking-barrier-intl-hnk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ATurism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:6_59-0">59,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:6_59-1">59,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eesti statistika kvartalikiri. 3/2016. Tallinn. Statistikaamet.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Välislingid"><span id="V.C3.A4lislingid"></span>Välislingid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turism&action=edit&section=23" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6724296">.mw-parser-output table.side-box{margin:4px 0;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output th.side-box-text,.mw-parser-output td.side-box-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.side-box a>img{max-width:none!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output table.side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-left{margin-right:1em;border-collapse:collapse}}</style><table role="presentation" class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <tbody><tr> <td class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td> <td class="side-box-text">Tsitaadid Vikitsitaatides: <b><a href="https://et.wikiquote.org/wiki/Turism" class="extiw" title="q:Turism">Turism</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/12925321?leiaKehtiv">Turismiseadus</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turism&oldid=6835933">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turism&oldid=6835933</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Turism" title="Kategooria:Turism">Turism</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Peidetud kategooriad: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:CS1_vead:_puuduv_perioodikav%C3%A4ljaanne" title="Kategooria:CS1 vead: puuduv perioodikaväljaanne">CS1 vead: puuduv perioodikaväljaanne</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:CS1_hooldus:_mitu_nime:_autorite_loend" title="Kategooria:CS1 hooldus: mitu nime: autorite loend">CS1 hooldus: mitu nime: autorite loend</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:CS1_vead:_et_al." title="Kategooria:CS1 vead: et al.">CS1 vead: et al.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:CS1_allikad_inglise_keeles_(en)" title="Kategooria:CS1 allikad inglise keeles (en)">CS1 allikad inglise keeles (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Viideteta_v%C3%A4idetega_artiklid" title="Kategooria:Viideteta väidetega artiklid">Viideteta väidetega artiklid</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 13:10, 17. märts 2025.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. Täpsemalt vaata <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Wikimedia kasutamistingimustest</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Andmekaitsepõhimõtted</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Tiitelandmed">Tiitelandmed</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:%C3%9Cldine_lahti%C3%BCtlus">Lahtiütlused</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Käitumisjuhis</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Arendajad</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/et.wikipedia.org">Arvandmed</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Küpsiste avaldus</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//et.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turism&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobiilivaade</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Otsing</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Otsi Vikipeediast"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Eri:Otsimine"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Otsi</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Turism</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>148 keelt</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Lisa teema</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-779c5f569f-v7bk9","wgBackendResponseTime":163,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.356","walltime":"0.450","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2840,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":53149,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2088,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":104488,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 316.793 1 -total"," 64.69% 204.949 1 Mall:Viited"," 48.24% 152.832 24 Mall:Netiviide"," 14.80% 46.897 2 Mall:Lisa_viide"," 14.66% 46.431 1 Mall:Vikitsitaadid"," 14.14% 44.806 1 Mall:Sõsarprojekt"," 13.65% 43.250 1 Mall:Äärekast"," 10.12% 32.063 1 Mall:Fix"," 7.19% 22.763 2 Mall:Category_handler"," 2.73% 8.642 2 Mall:Cite_journal"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.176","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4389339,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6bb5cf9976-7689t","timestamp":"20250327093711","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Turism","url":"https:\/\/et.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turism","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q49389","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q49389","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia projektide kaast\u00f6\u00f6lised"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-03-20T10:39:53Z","dateModified":"2025-03-17T11:10:48Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a2\/Turisti_skulptuur_Badenis%2C_9._juuli_2008.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>