CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91361add7f0cfd0a',cH: 'Ztm.lGUnVe4uewocgm3FruyytUY2GlO6yp3M_IKaaQU-1739798742-1.2.1.1-JjVVyrMQ7PDmFYWuhTkxpOCFbkIlBlPEOBKOfVR0FJz6ivndrSFo_YatApcKBXAA',cUPMDTk: "\/16550\/apa?__cf_chl_tk=Qog60yEff2OByxQRDZG0HpJWg1GGhj7pazl3htn_sM0-1739798742-1.0.1.1-Rw1SsvbVSC8N8aMjUo6_GCgTz0pgLU_gzPqtuAsi01M",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739798742',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/16550\/apa?__cf_chl_f_tk=Qog60yEff2OByxQRDZG0HpJWg1GGhj7pazl3htn_sM0-1739798742-1.0.1.1-Rw1SsvbVSC8N8aMjUo6_GCgTz0pgLU_gzPqtuAsi01M",md: "P2R0BlXZjmxnlpiurvVD8aDF8QA_2_B7ahRaWPmXtnI-1739798742-1.2.1.1-65zqxTqK4QWMbJBXePKH7vdAhpCDkbVRgtm.oapzw3MnvE.ZNOve.5z7rEf44mZbK1wGRGdOMH5ru9iLRoMQxlWnVawegNLVMUTpI0Qe0G3fc9QSV2ii9atKstcK30lJeIcvI.4nCHz5ZOfBkYKr_aSQJdMFP9LyNDYAaPFbzO_KVCAAWIbb9kn03kOHvNoh2LKe7fH6tc6ByfdTrLINdHkPjnUnsinDQQWdyYPpuONImfncnEin0Qn73iypiI0TnDzLd5hs6CnljFi5uosv1u76A0aFS65MrPixY6.tjGIEqh1_umofXPnYEIgmYf1DjpShmSSIvzK1IivLrL7pSiYesR.tD4QxLmwb8TuM4YMG8HYGffRnC_cLWv6YQtZnX21rTti.s9hFHLM__A.158A6knBd_B7as9nR0kwO4uAC0U_PFWsF3lB_CRo0_NHm7Q2Xo1.Q_9IdAWGlhThptlYwlc0ajYmuzbVI81oezeSMoRZXze_8S3nf9t9YU3bGxaEmTq7TlL0il5vyiGNpXAZmuBrPgCUl5Vi9ln_bWsVtM_EnsVVi9vXY7e2aydlLoasyVGKaoDm8itB4gSbi_23PEd2ISerFsW4pzqnHpBoa3IlJIMvz8iew0emHP43akHBilHz3L0i97WHekVSaMls2SlMgq3JYCjWucODwGV5Rz5hzbllLsmSRzaYC73M0Tbyql6fTg2aXp52ESEM1.yn1jyhkI8OGnW512w3xRZuHpSCe0RXnP_wy_XDL25q_MIfGR0.mNPs7e1MoNEgq.pLN6lZggZ3r.PLrQ543xy7FHxo7iMjtpoI8IrQH.LYCeMZ53X3ykBqCNK6ZPnBen1FudiJdSqR2zcayHvYZjnIn5wSgocAqWLOpZ16YK.xTe3lgR8XAKo2YIHykNZ.AroV1SD86sAQUOYpSs3FZRODDLKhSGnR4Lx631qPnHYsWibTixQlzCgwSrKs0iui0vOIx6eDHDCIcmdxZ0XE2SYL4TNOkZ8OQolrC2WSj0rBJDxDy1UqvL0v4dzPASGjYIxvf7.BfLDqDIGid_xvDrHv.g2voo.CQwCUKl2wXeef67HAo5rOBWF6OyuGplKSm58epGZG8rlo_St8tj3jOTAn9k.A6Pwfzc1zM9.ICp9dqTglKF4O949U3sG61W3j3yVDAueNip4eV8FZ1Sxc8VzyJqjmIdieyGwQrdj8ThZKiy02HrFv6VaAYi5MLGdKe4Q315HArrXskGejhM9Micg1Ks6Xv1xPj0L3Z_tfB1g31xyXGhzjBQGmVvMFjsiECxszWIVDr7pfY6KiFW0ZIOYTW0vcVsa3Zr1TOJub_gfu1pdy4a.spVuDrWpviscZ0O6iYS.4YhGp8P53zzos4Hdx3ZSK.aiu6d6LOkN3bUtyLMpM_1n8pJaaCjXy0H6dvpqYHp25_dB2tBnQBZzcGs_e2yplqCUt55Jlo_AuUpG4944RfTuT9Y3AICzA8uVhIxT9Oad2FAUOZw7g9lGQlcfwwQbhYiWbLtB5Oo5A4GkntlGbrE9alQFDXKpXt0p8hbm3bTQaFBlbl3VxTXkdLqr7CW1bNnCd37ZCCCvMOilR.QnaM6oN1tgQvQPIiuYOnyzd0heT71DEbqevDbTLwzoe1NY4npN1Sut8UX58claue36Cf2mtJfj579hX22zrLphTGyrSnG4uYUxXSkuN1HjXMZltTpDOo7LzqcbkAL9IKtad2kWnHU0yy2uQRisgf__TRn3shlWfrdlnhemMmRrj2ICb5fPNc6aY36xQJk6.ct_BCzcx6HMxyhHMvaa6PvK.O90V0YkbMNvzNjF85WvhyTXNhfsqxqELQwJxnbmNs9VYXeyjf9hPW5w0K.u6E16bJBh7Isg1FM_WskJieQdg",mdrd: "_71unxtg9h9GxFW6oxnS0jdLMSJQdvWck6qU6piUOBw-1739798742-1.2.1.1-ZndeUGU__UveDOM4HlBjJ9K1WWy.I2b.pGK5nqO7fr00r33AhfGmq_CNSumpOuG4xSGVs5KJEvLcEsqSn1M2F8fuqQN5HemF8dryBdd9XUGMdEpdiwFr4h5nEg0QxOSAw.B6CsKS_5XkWo4bPeboUYOKOOC683KImSIgFdaSdR9KY4yjqkdsVsR2GP_mvSHNN6wYFrMirUDg7jxd3qKfGnDKT4YXSQZumYFdBAaSoicnuVjbEqR4QTTPq.9bNRHY9aZVEzRJ6M08FdIX7U4jjWeq7EelnZVWzZsey_izFTpvXcfILRCjk.Fxe6TAvrMi763lXF7urXhiZwOhwroyWj3RT5Tx_HZyLrmDdtjJtl8EjvLlyST6gtzbQzwmQ3pHasKOUCAj6vT8irXLjyC3NqPDNFYlgreuvvDfVoxwoDYiovtjNVuCjfJMpiegNwlIoxS65lwK25.kic5CbwBVN4deFIJ7tLJsm7iMiSHyV6.3BJ9r73VlklYueucJVENxOc7W__LFtqfVOicTSzqmAe0KPq5KG6lVgkHUBsaV8Tjb5plpWRrxf.cwsZ0pP_m7oJM83t7yYruJGg0k7ivGa7sjjkR8hYnVqWM4O8uP17TiCOUXI9yKu6C1WYwW2LsIhJVg1nuwpwtT47Rv2av.axJMcE.RtHzep1kQT7w0m_n1G2DHSb7NiScZuGli3gjg18InPNyhJ2mwKPhtN1oAlg.obeUWti_B3PUsGwWQvOfZ3HUiHiauGi3Qkauk8OSJBgRTMdjRPADUzx9egxvPUT6e0L3eQFK_.LCUKjdNQqPeU2dBjz1Ct2.UeRVH0tDnFgHg9lLIekYWRgQUI1s_IOlEstUWlCaRy0lyf7wbpcXvz8PZfxxNZtc1n2qrznOWf.xh6_afHbjwcFnET4cZgXdqV7e2wgc7FdOlS1V_nNpBK2sdLZOiC2MT0MlowQ2vXUqHGVhp5LEYIOi.ojDF7fRKTIgLFn0aGihA0pp_MQqdmqPMkSmyMZ45MejcgmO4_DwlQi7o67280ZZdmYPxzAckO0R_IyQUzKZcBeq10_zu0J2AD4ZfhzdmZoknAw28X8GzDWdj21BofyLXWt5Kc5c6EP03a_thQ0OWR9Lo7bH0sh01hIusXTZPYNfd80yZuNLgG1cobLXQjkU4kuS3C3KZ8_TvCtbFu8_FDiVn35gbcGUAjBrRgRwp9o.dP9TOnC7RAgSTvhlmhmcIDbfcBF4jVVeFEecWcfTP.V7FeDuDD60fQTzE.eETfgpRspCi5UWhkI9QGXDjqwuhCRn4GywuwqfgQxdR8OZHlXtBh9r3tV7gA_E4go.cSx42Xn.ZWz96P7SB1G_P27CMX9DwIJe2.F3Wpb0LLkHH93O8c3ByA2IibpTYic3BRirB8INSNL.x2kw9rJuQ7wLphOrQFAftnvwoSH7nzrCrtFY4xp06D0KK14iHH7x1dAjjM3ub9ZJi_PpcCfHL5zwRTdH4_Q_YPJEYPRLKEhqbMwparFyYNH1AMVPLQI12Ty8_3KuXn1HDEzR4oe3euJZom0K7X2di2Ef6Hu09cGTLBF3KmiDsiTMDgm2y7FOt3s_gjUrIyI3rdnqrBdKLL_SCBdtWSWVfyo3wwFIA_4S1SUpgfOeV.YpJiPzyqrHUa4_YwNJGx0nWO4Z37wHPUkr0gpouP65sG.hxf5Z0Dy0tx_PTDxj91KmQ0KY9hsgRIiLs2Jl1ftWdgYIixuOQMGXxR_bkhzmsa2cWcqnZBkDIAxBfWKmI1CqHE.R91n3.GaZzEVMDAV.5pwdrkiP4AalVqGhz9LGSwLj5fFrvo6fsFadvAasrVGVh95Hemqz5YmxSirFuU_3iZAbi9fNrJyLusZCP1xJo5T2aMs6TTyFJK1Q1ca3WhzYBzXUKBssvpycsZ746jLsnPsyHmTjhaDX8QtWCH23MZo.FtsZ_bKASz6wmg3tj7HF5o0Mq_chdGqqVgiQl"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91361add7f0cfd0a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/16550\/apa?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Qog60yEff2OByxQRDZG0HpJWg1GGhj7pazl3htn_sM0-1739798742-1.0.1.1-Rw1SsvbVSC8N8aMjUo6_GCgTz0pgLU_gzPqtuAsi01M" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>