CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="vi" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Perm – Wikipedia tiếng Việt</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )viwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"vi normal","wgMonthNames":["","tháng 1","tháng 2","tháng 3","tháng 4","tháng 5","tháng 6","tháng 7","tháng 8","tháng 9","tháng 10","tháng 11","tháng 12"],"wgRequestId":"194842b4-21bc-4600-9fe1-868f8ac3242d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Perm","wgTitle":"Perm","wgCurRevisionId":70689502,"wgRevisionId":70689502,"wgArticleId":6303,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Nguồn CS1 tiếng Nga (ru)","Nguồn CS1 tiếng Anh (en)","Trang thiếu chú thích trong bài","Bản mẫu webarchive dùng liên kết wayback","Bản mẫu webarchive dùng liên kết archiveis","Tất cả bài viết sơ khai","Sơ khai","Thành phố của Nga"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"vi","wgPageContentLanguage":"vi","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Perm","wgRelevantArticleId":6303,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"vi","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"vi"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":7000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q915","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.did_you_mean","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.AVIM","ext.gadget.AVIM_portlet","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.purgetab","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=vi&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=vi&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=vi&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=vi&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.20"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm.svg/1200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1497"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm.svg/800px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="998"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm.svg/640px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="798"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Perm – Wikipedia tiếng Việt"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//vi.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Sửa đổi" href="/w/index.php?title=Perm&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (vi)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//vi.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.vi"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Nguồn cấp Atom của Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Thay_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i_g%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%91%C3%A2y&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Perm rootpage-Perm skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Bước tới nội dung</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Trang Web"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Trình đơn chính" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Trình đơn chính" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Trình đơn chính</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Trình đơn chính</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Điều hướng </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Trang_Ch%C3%ADnh" title="Xem trang chính [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Trang Chính</span></a></li><li id="n-wikipedia-featuredcontent" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%95ng_th%C3%B4ng_tin:N%E1%BB%99i_dung_ch%E1%BB%8Dn_l%E1%BB%8Dc"><span>Nội dung chọn lọc</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ng%E1%BA%ABu_nhi%C3%AAn" title="Xem trang ngẫu nhiên [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Bài viết ngẫu nhiên</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Thay_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i_g%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%91%C3%A2y" title="Danh sách thay đổi gần đây trong wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Thay đổi gần đây</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:B%C3%A1o_l%E1%BB%97i_b%C3%A0i_vi%E1%BA%BFt"><span>Báo lỗi nội dung</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Trang_%C4%91%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t"><span>Trang đặc biệt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikipedia-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikipedia-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tương tác </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-wikipedia-helppage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:S%C3%A1ch_h%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng_d%E1%BA%ABn"><span>Hướng dẫn</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_thi%E1%BB%87u"><span>Giới thiệu Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:C%E1%BB%99ng_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng" title="Giới thiệu dự án, cách sử dụng và tìm kiếm thông tin ở đây"><span>Cộng đồng</span></a></li><li id="n-wikipedia-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn"><span>Thảo luận chung</span></a></li><li id="n-wikipedia-helpdesk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gi%C3%BAp_s%E1%BB%AD_d%E1%BB%A5ng_Wikipedia"><span>Giúp sử dụng</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Liên_lạc"><span>Liên lạc</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tr%C3%ACnh_t%E1%BA%A3i_l%C3%AAn_t%E1%BA%ADp_tin"><span>Tải lên tập tin</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Trang_Ch%C3%ADnh" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Bách khoa toàn thư mở" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-vi.svg" width="120" height="10" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.625em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:T%C3%ACm_ki%E1%BA%BFm" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Tìm kiếm Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Tìm kiếm</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Tìm kiếm trên Wikipedia" aria-label="Tìm kiếm trên Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Tìm kiếm Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Đặc_biệt:Tìm_kiếm"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Tìm kiếm</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Công cụ cá nhân"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Giao diện" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Giao diện</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=vi.wikipedia.org&uselang=vi" class=""><span>Quyên góp</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:M%E1%BB%9F_t%C3%A0i_kho%E1%BA%A3n&returnto=Perm" title="Bạn được khuyến khích mở tài khoản và đăng nhập; tuy nhiên, không bắt buộc phải có tài khoản" class=""><span>Tạo tài khoản</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C4%83ng_nh%E1%BA%ADp&returnto=Perm" title="Đăng nhập sẽ có lợi hơn, tuy nhiên không bắt buộc. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Đăng nhập</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Thêm tùy chọn" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Công cụ cá nhân" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Công cụ cá nhân</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Bảng chọn thành viên" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=vi.wikipedia.org&uselang=vi"><span>Quyên góp</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:M%E1%BB%9F_t%C3%A0i_kho%E1%BA%A3n&returnto=Perm" title="Bạn được khuyến khích mở tài khoản và đăng nhập; tuy nhiên, không bắt buộc phải có tài khoản"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Tạo tài khoản</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C4%83ng_nh%E1%BA%ADp&returnto=Perm" title="Đăng nhập sẽ có lợi hơn, tuy nhiên không bắt buộc. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Đăng nhập</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Trang dành cho người dùng chưa đăng nhập <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_thi%E1%BB%87u" aria-label="Tìm hiểu thêm về sửa đổi"><span>tìm hiểu thêm</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C3%B3ng_g%C3%B3p_c%E1%BB%A7a_t%C3%B4i" title="Danh sách các sửa đổi được thực hiện qua địa chỉ IP này [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Đóng góp</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn_t%C3%B4i" title="Thảo luận với địa chỉ IP này [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Thảo luận cho địa chỉ IP này</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Trang Web"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Nội dung" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nội dung</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Đầu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Khí_hậu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Khí_hậu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Khí hậu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Khí_hậu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Các_thành_phố_kết_nghĩa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Các_thành_phố_kết_nghĩa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Các thành phố kết nghĩa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Các_thành_phố_kết_nghĩa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xem_thêm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xem_thêm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Xem thêm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xem_thêm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tham_khảo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tham_khảo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tham khảo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tham_khảo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liên_kết_ngoài" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liên_kết_ngoài"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Liên kết ngoài</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liên_kết_ngoài-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Định_nghĩa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Định_nghĩa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Định nghĩa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Định_nghĩa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Nội dung" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Mục lục" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Đóng mở mục lục" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Đóng mở mục lục</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Perm</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Xem bài viết trong ngôn ngữ khác. Bài có sẵn trong 117 ngôn ngữ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-117" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">117 ngôn ngữ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Hà Lan (Nam Phi)" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hà Lan (Nam Phi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Tiếng Altai Miền Nam" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Altai Miền Nam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%95%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%AD%E1%88%9D" title="ፕየርም – Tiếng Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፕየርም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="بيرم (روسيا) – Tiếng Ả Rập" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيرم (روسيا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4" title="Բերմ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բերմ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Asturias" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Asturias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%85" title="پرم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پرم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm,_Rusia" title="Perm, Rusia – Tiếng Mã Lai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perm, Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mã Lai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE" title="পার্ম – Tiếng Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পার্ম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Mân Nam" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mân Nam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Tiếng Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC" title="Перм – Tiếng Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC" title="Перм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Перм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(grad)" title="Perm (grad) – Tiếng Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Perm (grad)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC" title="Перм – Tiếng Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Перм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(kapital_sa_lalawigan_sa_Rusya)" title="Perm (kapital sa lalawigan sa Rusya) – Tiếng Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Perm (kapital sa lalawigan sa Rusya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%C4%95%D0%BC" title="Перĕм – Tiếng Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Перĕм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(m%C4%9Bsto)" title="Perm (město) – Tiếng Séc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Perm (město)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Séc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(by)" title="Perm (by) – Tiếng Đan Mạch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Perm (by)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đan Mạch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(Stadt)" title="Perm (Stadt) – Tiếng Đức" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Perm (Stadt)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đức" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC" title="Περμ – Tiếng Hy Lạp" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hy Lạp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia – Tiếng Anh" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Perm, Russia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Anh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Пермь ош – Tiếng Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Пермь ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permjo" title="Permjo – Tiếng Quốc Tế Ngữ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Permjo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quốc Tế Ngữ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%85" title="پرم – Tiếng Ba Tư" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Tư" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Pháp" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pháp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(st%C3%AAd)" title="Perm (stêd) – Tiếng Frisia" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Perm (stêd)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Frisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A6%84" title="페름 – Tiếng Hàn" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페름" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hàn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4" title="Պերմ – Tiếng Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պերմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="पर्म – Tiếng Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पर्म" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Thượng Sorbia" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thượng Sorbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(Permski_kraj,_Rusija)" title="Perm (Permski kraj, Rusija) – Tiếng Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Perm (Permski kraj, Rusija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Khoa Học Quốc Tế" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Khoa Học Quốc Tế" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Tiếng Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(borg)" title="Perm (borg) – Tiếng Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Perm (borg)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm%27" title="Perm' – Tiếng Italy" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Perm'" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Italy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9D_(%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8)" title="פרם (עיר) – Tiếng Do Thái" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרם (עיר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Do Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="პერმი – Tiếng Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პერმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Tiếng Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Перым – Tiếng Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Перым" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(Ruscia)" title="Perm (Ruscia) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Perm (Ruscia)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permia" title="Permia – Tiếng La-tinh" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Permia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng La-tinh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perma" title="Perma – Tiếng Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Perma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(Stad)" title="Perm (Stad) – Tiếng Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Perm (Stad)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Tiếng Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm%C4%97" title="Permė – Tiếng Litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Permė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(stad)" title="Perm (stad) – Tiếng Limburg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Perm (stad)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Limburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm%27" title="Perm' – Tiếng Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Perm'" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(telep%C3%BCl%C3%A9s)" title="Perm (település) – Tiếng Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Perm (település)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC" title="Перм – Tiếng Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Перм" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="पर्म – Tiếng Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पर्म" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="პერმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პერმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Tiếng Mông Cổ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mông Cổ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(stad)" title="Perm (stad) – Tiếng Hà Lan" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Perm (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hà Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9F" title="ペルミ – Tiếng Nhật" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペルミ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nhật" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Tiếng Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(St%C3%A4%C3%A4d)" title="Perm (Stääd) – Tiếng Frisia Miền Bắc" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Perm (Stääd)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Frisia Miền Bắc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(by)" title="Perm (by) – Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Perm (by)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Na Uy (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Na Uy (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%85_(%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1)" title="پرم (شہر) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پرم (شہر)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85" title="پيرم – Tiếng Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پيرم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Перем – Tiếng Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Перем" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(miasto)" title="Perm (miasto) – Tiếng Ba Lan" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Perm (miasto)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ Crimean" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ Crimean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC" title="Перм – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Перм" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Tiếng Nga" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Sicilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sicilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Perm, Russia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(mesto)" title="Perm (mesto) – Tiếng Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Perm (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm,_Rusija" title="Perm, Rusija – Tiếng Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Perm, Rusija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%94%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пєрмь – Tiếng Slavơ Nhà thờ" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Пєрмь" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slavơ Nhà thờ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Перм (град) – Tiếng Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Перм (град)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Phần Lan" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Phần Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm,_Ryssland" title="Perm, Ryssland – Tiếng Thụy Điển" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Perm, Ryssland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thụy Điển" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பேர்ம் – Tiếng Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பேர்ம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Tiếng Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1" title="เปียร์ม – Tiếng Thái" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เปียร์ม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC" title="Перм – Tiếng Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Перм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" title="Пермь – Tiếng Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Пермь" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC" title="Перм – Tiếng Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%85" title="پیرم – Tiếng Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیرم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm%27" title="Perm' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Perm'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Tiếng Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%B0%94%E5%A7%86" title="彼尔姆 – Tiếng Ngô" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="彼尔姆" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ngô" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E7%88%BE%E5%A7%86" title="彼爾姆 – Tiếng Quảng Đông" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="彼爾姆" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quảng Đông" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%B0%94%E5%A7%86" title="彼尔姆 – Tiếng Trung" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="彼尔姆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Trung" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm" title="Perm – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Perm" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q915#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sửa liên kết giữa ngôn ngữ" class="wbc-editpage">Sửa liên kết</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Không gian tên"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perm" title="Xem bài viết [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bài viết</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn:Perm" rel="discussion" title="Thảo luận về trang này [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Thảo luận</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Thay đổi biến thể ngôn ngữ" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tiếng Việt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perm"><span>Đọc</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm&veaction=edit" title="Sửa đổi trang này [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sửa đổi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm&action=edit" title="Sửa đổi mã nguồn của trang này [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sửa mã nguồn</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm&action=history" title="Các phiên bản cũ của trang này [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Xem lịch sử</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Công cụ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Công cụ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Công cụ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Thêm tùy chọn" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tác vụ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perm"><span>Đọc</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm&veaction=edit" title="Sửa đổi trang này [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sửa đổi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm&action=edit" title="Sửa đổi mã nguồn của trang này [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sửa mã nguồn</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm&action=history"><span>Xem lịch sử</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chung </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%91%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%C3%A2y/Perm" title="Các trang liên kết đến đây [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Các liên kết đến đây</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Thay_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i_li%C3%AAn_quan/Perm" rel="nofollow" title="Thay đổi gần đây của các trang liên kết đến đây [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Thay đổi liên quan</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm&oldid=70689502" title="Liên kết thường trực đến phiên bản này của trang"><span>Liên kết thường trực</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm&action=info" title="Thêm chi tiết về trang này"><span>Thông tin trang</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Tr%C3%ADch_d%E1%BA%ABn&page=Perm&id=70689502&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Hướng dẫn cách trích dẫn trang này"><span>Trích dẫn trang này</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPerm"><span>Lấy URL ngắn gọn</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPerm"><span>Tải mã QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In và xuất </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:S%C3%A1ch&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Perm"><span>Tạo một quyển sách</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:DownloadAsPdf&page=Perm&action=show-download-screen"><span>Tải dưới dạng PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm&printable=yes" title="Bản để in ra của trang [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bản để in ra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tại dự án khác </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Perm" hreflang="vi"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q915" title="Liên kết đến khoản mục kết nối trong kho dữ liệu [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Khoản mục Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Giao diện</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Bách khoa toàn thư mở Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="vi" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r72019947">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Chú_thích_trong_bài plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Bài viết này <b>cần thêm <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ch%C3%BA_th%C3%ADch_ngu%E1%BB%93n_g%E1%BB%91c" title="Wikipedia:Chú thích nguồn gốc">chú thích nguồn gốc</a> để <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Th%C3%B4ng_tin_ki%E1%BB%83m_ch%E1%BB%A9ng_%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c" title="Wikipedia:Thông tin kiểm chứng được">kiểm chứng thông tin</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Mời bạn giúp <a class="external text" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perm&action=edit">hoàn thiện bài viết này</a> bằng cách bổ sung chú thích tới <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_%C4%91%C3%A1ng_tin_c%E1%BA%ADy" title="Wikipedia:Nguồn đáng tin cậy">các nguồn đáng tin cậy</a>. Các nội dung không có nguồn có thể bị nghi ngờ và xóa bỏ.</span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" class="extiw" title="en:Help:Maintenance template removal">Tìm hiểu cách thức và thời điểm xóa thông báo này</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm.svg/300px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm.svg/400px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="252" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><i>Đây là bài về thành phố Perm, về kỷ <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Ba_ch%E1%BA%A5t_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Địa chất học">địa chất</a> - xem bài <a href="/wiki/K%E1%BB%B7_Permi" title="Kỷ Permi">Kỷ Permi</a>, về tỉnh Perm - xem bài <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%E1%BB%89nh_Perm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tỉnh Perm (trang không tồn tại)">Tỉnh Perm</a>.</i></dd></dl> <p><b>Perm</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Nga" title="Tiếng Nga">tiếng Nga</a>: Пермь, dân số 1.000.100 thống kê dân số năm <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>) là một thành phố của nước <a href="/wiki/Nga" title="Nga">Nga</a>, nằm trên bờ <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B4ng_Kama" title="Sông Kama">sông Kama</a>, dưới chân <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A3y_n%C3%BAi_Ural" title="Dãy núi Ural">dãy núi Ural</a> - ranh giới giữa <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2u_%C3%82u" title="Châu Âu">châu Âu</a> và <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2u_%C3%81" title="Châu Á">châu Á</a>. Vị trí địa lý 58°00′vĩ bắc, 56°14′độ kinh đông. Pecmi được thành lập vào ngày <a href="/wiki/17_th%C3%A1ng_5" title="17 tháng 5">17 tháng 5</a> năm <a href="/wiki/1723" title="1723">1723</a>, và được gọi là thành phố từ năm <a href="/wiki/1781" title="1781">1781</a>. Thành phố này là thủ phủ của <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%E1%BB%89nh_Pecmi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tỉnh Pecmi (trang không tồn tại)">tỉnh Pecmi</a> (Пермская область), tỉnh này thuộc về <a href="/w/index.php?title=Li%C3%AAn_v%C3%B9ng_c%E1%BA%ADn_Volga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liên vùng cận Volga (trang không tồn tại)">Liên vùng cận Volga</a> (Приволжский федеральный округ). Thành phố này là trung tâm hành chính, công nghiệp, khoa học và văn hóa của tỉnh. Các ngành công nghiệp chủ đạo bao gồm chế tạo máy, <a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_ph%C3%B2ng" title="Quốc phòng">quốc phòng</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%E1%BA%A7u_m%E1%BB%8F" title="Dầu mỏ">dầu khí</a> (khoảng 3% sản lượng dầu khí toàn Nga), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C6%B0ng_c%E1%BA%A5t_d%E1%BA%A7u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chưng cất dầu (trang không tồn tại)">chưng cất dầu</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B3a_ch%E1%BA%A5t" title="Hóa chất">hóa chất</a> và hóa dầu, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BB%93_g%E1%BB%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Đồ gỗ (trang không tồn tại)">đồ gỗ</a> và chế biến <a href="/wiki/G%E1%BB%97" title="Gỗ">gỗ</a> cũng như công nghiệp <a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%B1c_ph%E1%BA%A9m" title="Thực phẩm">thực phẩm</a>. Pecmi cũng có một vài trường <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc" class="mw-disambig" title="Đại học">đại học</a> lớn. </p><p>Từ năm <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a> đến năm <a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a> thành phố có tên là <b>Molotov</b> (Мо́лотов), lấy theo tên gọi của <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Mikhailovich_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Khí_hậu"><span id="Kh.C3.AD_h.E1.BA.ADu"></span>Khí hậu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sửa đổi phần “Khí hậu”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm&action=edit&section=1" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Khí hậu"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="width:85%;"> <div> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height: 1.2em; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Dữ liệu khí hậu của Perm </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Tháng </th> <th scope="col">1 </th> <th scope="col">2 </th> <th scope="col">3 </th> <th scope="col">4 </th> <th scope="col">5 </th> <th scope="col">6 </th> <th scope="col">7 </th> <th scope="col">8 </th> <th scope="col">9 </th> <th scope="col">10 </th> <th scope="col">11 </th> <th scope="col">12 </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Năm </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Cao kỉ lục °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;">4.3<br />(39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;">34.6<br />(94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;">35.4<br />(95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;">36.6<br />(97.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1D00; color:#000000;">37.2<br />(99.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;">30.7<br />(87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1D00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">37.2<br />(99.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Trung bình ngày tối đa °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;">−9.3<br />(15.3) </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;">−7.6<br />(18.3) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;">0.1<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;">−3.1<br />(26.4) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;">−8<br />(18) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">7.1<br />(44.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Trung bình ngày °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;">−12.8<br />(9.0) </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;">−11.6<br />(11.1) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;">−4.2<br />(24.4) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;">3.0<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;">−5.8<br />(21.6) </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;">−11.1<br />(12.0) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">2.7<br />(36.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Tối thiểu trung bình ngày °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;">−16.2<br />(2.8) </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;">−15.1<br />(4.8) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;">−8.1<br />(17.4) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;">−0.9<br />(30.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;">0.5<br />(32.9) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;">−8.4<br />(16.9) </td> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000;">−14.2<br />(6.4) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">−1.3<br />(29.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Thấp kỉ lục °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #0000F3; color:#FFFFFF;">−44.9<br />(−48.8) </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;">−40.8<br />(−41.4) </td> <td style="background: #2A2AFF; color:#FFFFFF;">−34.8<br />(−30.6) </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#FFFFFF;">−23.5<br />(−10.3) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;">−13<br />(9) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;">−3.4<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;">1.7<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;">−1.9<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;">−7.8<br />(18.0) </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;">−25.2<br />(−13.4) </td> <td style="background: #1616FF; color:#FFFFFF;">−38.5<br />(−37.3) </td> <td style="background: #0000E7; color:#FFFFFF;">−47.1<br />(−52.8) </td> <td style="background: #0000E7; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">−47.1<br />(−52.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Lượng <a href="/wiki/Gi%C3%A1ng_th%E1%BB%A7y" title="Giáng thủy">Giáng thủy</a> trung bình mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;">44<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #CDFFCD; color:#000000;">30<br />(1.2) </td> <td style="background: #D5FFD5; color:#000000;">28<br />(1.1) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;">36<br />(1.4) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;">59<br />(2.3) </td> <td style="background: #82FF82; color:#000000;">81<br />(3.2) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;">70<br />(2.8) </td> <td style="background: #8DFF8D; color:#000000;">76<br />(3.0) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;">72<br />(2.8) </td> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000;">61<br />(2.4) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;">55<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;">45<br />(1.8) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">657<br />(25.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Số ngày mưa trung bình </th> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;">1 </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;">2 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;">4 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;">11 </td> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;">18 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;">18 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;">17 </td> <td style="background: #0808FF; color:#FFFFFF;">20 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;">21 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;">17 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;">7 </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;">3 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">139 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Số ngày tuyết rơi trung bình </th> <td style="background: #0000A4; color:#FFFFFF;">28 </td> <td style="background: #0000B9; color:#FFFFFF;">24 </td> <td style="background: #1414FF; color:#FFFFFF;">19 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;">9 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;">4 </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;">2 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;">13 </td> <td style="background: #0000CC; color:#FFFFFF;">24 </td> <td style="background: #0000B0; color:#FFFFFF;">27 </td> <td style="background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">150 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_%E1%BA%A9m_t%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i" title="Độ ẩm tương đối">Độ ẩm tương đối</a> trung bình (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;">72 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;">65 </td> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;">62 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">76 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Số giờ nắng trung bình tháng </th> <td style="background: #454545; color:#FFFFFF;">38 </td> <td style="background: #9E9E9E; color:#000000;">79 </td> <td style="background: #C4C408; color:#000000;">152 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;">198 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;">275 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0B; color:#000000;">290 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;">284 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;">226 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD33; color:#000000;">132 </td> <td style="background: #767676; color:#FFFFFF;">65 </td> <td style="background: #454545; color:#FFFFFF;">37 </td> <td style="background: #2A2A2A; color:#FFFFFF;">23 </td> <td style="background: #C5C506; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">1.799 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Nguồn 1: Pogoda.ru.net<sup id="cite_ref-pogoda_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pogoda-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Nguồn 2: NOAA (nắng, 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-HKO_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HKO-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Các_thành_phố_kết_nghĩa"><span id="C.C3.A1c_th.C3.A0nh_ph.E1.BB.91_k.E1.BA.BFt_ngh.C4.A9a"></span>Các thành phố kết nghĩa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sửa đổi phần “Các thành phố kết nghĩa”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm&action=edit&section=2" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Các thành phố kết nghĩa"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perm' <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_ph%E1%BB%91_k%E1%BA%BFt_ngh%C4%A9a" title="Thành phố kết nghĩa">kết nghĩa</a> với các thành phố sau: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Hoa Kỳ">Mỹ</a> (<a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Xem_thêm"><span id="Xem_th.C3.AAm"></span>Xem thêm</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sửa đổi phần “Xem thêm”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm&action=edit&section=3" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Xem thêm"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FC_Amkar_Perm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FC Amkar Perm (trang không tồn tại)">FC Amkar Perm</a>, câu lạc bộ <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1" title="Bóng đá">bóng đá</a> của thành phố.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ural_Great&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ural Great (trang không tồn tại)">Ural Great</a>, câu lạc bộ <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3ng_r%E1%BB%95" title="Bóng rổ">bóng rổ</a> của thành phố.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tham_khảo"><span id="Tham_kh.E1.BA.A3o"></span>Tham khảo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sửa đổi phần “Tham khảo”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm&action=edit&section=4" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Tham khảo"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71728118">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pogoda-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pogoda_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r72042645">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"“""”""‘""’"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/28224.htm">“Pogoda.ru.net”</a> (bằng tiếng Nga). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Truy cập ngày 8 tháng 12 năm 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pogoda.ru.net&rft.pub=Weather+and+Climate+%28%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pogodaiklimat.ru%2Fclimate%2F28224.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3APerm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HKO-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HKO_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72042645" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_II/RA/28225.TXT">“Perm Climate Normals 1961–1990”</a> (bằng tiếng Anh). <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (trang không tồn tại)">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Truy cập ngày 8 tháng 12 năm 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Perm+Climate+Normals+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FTABLES%2FREG_II%2FRA%2F28225.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3APerm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liên_kết_ngoài"><span id="Li.C3.AAn_k.E1.BA.BFt_ngo.C3.A0i"></span>Liên kết ngoài</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sửa đổi phần “Liên kết ngoài”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm&action=edit&section=5" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Liên kết ngoài"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71936381">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70981351">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons có thêm hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về <i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Perm?uselang=vi">Perm</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perm.ru/">Trang chủ</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050530004321/http://heritage.perm.ru/index_e.htm">Lưu trữ</a> 2005-05-30 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (bằng tiếng Nga)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.perm.ru/index_e.htm">Di sản của khu vực Perm'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050530004321/http://heritage.perm.ru/index_e.htm">Lưu trữ</a> 2005-05-30 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (bằng tiếng Anh và Nga)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://invest.permtpp.ru/en/main/">Phòng thương mại và công nghiệp Perm'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121202035918/http://invest.permtpp.ru/en/main/">Lưu trữ</a> 2012-12-02 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (bằng tiếng Anh và Nga)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.permonline.ru/~museum/romanov/">Viện bảo tàng dòng họ Romanov ở Perm'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20040201072629/http://www.permonline.ru/~museum/romanov/">Lưu trữ</a> 2004-02-01 tại <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archive.today&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archive.today (trang không tồn tại)">Archive.today</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kommersant.com/tree.asp?rubric=5&node=406&doc_id=-62">- Thông tin về Perm' và khu vực Perm' trên trang Web của Kommersant Publishing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051020140341/http://kommersant.com/tree.asp?rubric=5">Lưu trữ</a> 2005-10-20 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Định_nghĩa"><span id=".C4.90.E1.BB.8Bnh_ngh.C4.A9a"></span>Định nghĩa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sửa đổi phần “Định nghĩa”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm&action=edit&section=6" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Định nghĩa"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Từ thế kỷ 13 – 17, <b>Perm'</b> là tên gọi của một khu vực rộng lớn bằng <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%E1%BB%89nh_Perm%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tỉnh Perm' (trang không tồn tại)">tỉnh Perm'</a> và <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B4mi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kômi (trang không tồn tại)">nước cộng hòa tự trị Kômi</a> ngày nay. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r72019927">.mw-parser-output #stub{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Baustelle.svg");background-position:center left;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:32px;padding-left:40px}</style><div class="boilerplate metadata plainlinks" id="stub"><table class="metadata plainlinks stub" style="background: transparent;" role="presentation"><tbody><tr> <td><i>Bài viết này vẫn còn <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:B%C3%A0i_s%C6%A1_khai" title="Wikipedia:Bài sơ khai">sơ khai</a>. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia <a class="external text" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perm&veaction=edit">mở rộng nội dung</a> để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.</i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70958518">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r72022842">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="position: absolute; right: 15px; display: none;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:S%C6%A1_khai" title="Bản mẫu:Sơ khai"><abbr title="Xem bản mẫu này">x</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn_B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:S%C6%A1_khai" title="Thảo luận Bản mẫu:Sơ khai"><abbr title="Thảo luận bản mẫu này">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:EditPage/B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:S%C6%A1_khai" title="Đặc biệt:EditPage/Bản mẫu:Sơ khai"><abbr title="Sửa bản mẫu này">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Lấy từ “<a dir="ltr" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perm&oldid=70689502">https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perm&oldid=70689502</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i" title="Đặc biệt:Thể loại">Thể loại</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Th%C3%A0nh_ph%E1%BB%91_c%E1%BB%A7a_Nga" title="Thể loại:Thành phố của Nga">Thành phố của Nga</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Thể loại ẩn: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_CS1_ti%E1%BA%BFng_Nga_(ru)" title="Thể loại:Nguồn CS1 tiếng Nga (ru)">Nguồn CS1 tiếng Nga (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_CS1_ti%E1%BA%BFng_Anh_(en)" title="Thể loại:Nguồn CS1 tiếng Anh (en)">Nguồn CS1 tiếng Anh (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Trang_thi%E1%BA%BFu_ch%C3%BA_th%C3%ADch_trong_b%C3%A0i" title="Thể loại:Trang thiếu chú thích trong bài">Trang thiếu chú thích trong bài</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu_webarchive_d%C3%B9ng_li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_wayback" title="Thể loại:Bản mẫu webarchive dùng liên kết wayback">Bản mẫu webarchive dùng liên kết wayback</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu_webarchive_d%C3%B9ng_li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_archiveis" title="Thể loại:Bản mẫu webarchive dùng liên kết archiveis">Bản mẫu webarchive dùng liên kết archiveis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:T%E1%BA%A5t_c%E1%BA%A3_b%C3%A0i_vi%E1%BA%BFt_s%C6%A1_khai" title="Thể loại:Tất cả bài viết sơ khai">Tất cả bài viết sơ khai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:S%C6%A1_khai" title="Thể loại:Sơ khai">Sơ khai</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Trang này được sửa đổi lần cuối vào ngày 15 tháng 9 năm 2023, 22:32.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Văn bản được phát hành theo <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Nguy%C3%AAn_v%C4%83n_Gi%E1%BA%A5y_ph%C3%A9p_Creative_Commons_Ghi_c%C3%B4ng%E2%80%93Chia_s%E1%BA%BB_t%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_t%E1%BB%B1_phi%C3%AAn_b%E1%BA%A3n_4.0_Qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Wikipedia:Nguyên văn Giấy phép Creative Commons Ghi công–Chia sẻ tương tự phiên bản 4.0 Quốc tế">Giấy phép Creative Commons Ghi công–Chia sẻ tương tự</a>; có thể áp dụng điều khoản bổ sung. Với việc sử dụng trang web này, bạn chấp nhận <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/vi">Điều khoản Sử dụng</a> và <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/vi">Quy định quyền riêng tư</a>. Wikipedia® là thương hiệu đã đăng ký của <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, một tổ chức phi lợi nhuận.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Quy định quyền riêng tư</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_thi%E1%BB%87u">Giới thiệu Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ph%E1%BB%A7_nh%E1%BA%ADn_chung">Lời phủ nhận</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Bộ Quy tắc Ứng xử Chung</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Lập trình viên</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/vi.wikipedia.org">Thống kê</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Tuyên bố về cookie</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//vi.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perm&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Phiên bản di động</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Tìm kiếm</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Tìm kiếm trên Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Đặc_biệt:Tìm_kiếm"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Tìm kiếm</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Nội dung" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Đóng mở mục lục" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Đóng mở mục lục</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Perm</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>117 ngôn ngữ</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Thêm đề tài</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-748fc965c8-pcglr","wgBackendResponseTime":218,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.327","walltime":"0.430","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1397,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":35314,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":311,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":13970,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 370.552 1 -total"," 27.10% 100.422 1 Bản_mẫu:Tham_khảo"," 24.09% 89.267 1 Bản_mẫu:Weather_box"," 24.05% 89.114 2 Bản_mẫu:Chú_thích_web"," 23.90% 88.573 1 Bản_mẫu:Thể_loại_Commons"," 17.37% 64.367 1 Bản_mẫu:Chú_thích_trong_bài"," 17.25% 63.927 1 Bản_mẫu:If_then_show"," 12.85% 47.609 1 Bản_mẫu:Hộp_thông_báo"," 6.12% 22.696 1 Bản_mẫu:Commons"," 5.68% 21.055 1 Bản_mẫu:Dự_án_liên_quan"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.211","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3730358,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-7747cbdfbb-k9cdj","timestamp":"20250318201838","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Perm","url":"https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Perm","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q915","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q915","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Qu\u1ef9 Wikimedia","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-05-24T09:01:05Z","dateModified":"2023-09-15T22:32:54Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/22\/Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm.svg"}</script> </body> </html>