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<li id="toc-Recent_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Recent developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Campus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internationality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internationality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Internationality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internationality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rankings_and_reputation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rankings_and_reputation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rankings and reputation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rankings_and_reputation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rankings and reputation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rankings_and_reputation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Overall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subject" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subject"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Subject</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subject-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graduates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graduates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Graduates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graduates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Organisation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organisation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Fees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faculties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faculties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Faculties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faculties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fraunhofer-Institutes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fraunhofer-Institutes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Fraunhofer-Institutes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fraunhofer-Institutes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jülich-Aachen_Research_Alliance_(JARA)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jülich-Aachen_Research_Alliance_(JARA)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jülich-Aachen_Research_Alliance_(JARA)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graduate_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graduate_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Graduate schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graduate_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aachen_Institute_for_advanced_study_in_Computational_Engineering_Science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aachen_Institute_for_advanced_study_in_Computational_Engineering_Science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.1</span> <span>Aachen Institute for advanced study in Computational Engineering Science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aachen_Institute_for_advanced_study_in_Computational_Engineering_Science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Associations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Associations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Associations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Associations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_faculty_and_alumni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_faculty_and_alumni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable faculty and alumni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_faculty_and_alumni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">RWTH Aachen University</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="جامعة رينيش-ويستفاليان التقنية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامعة رينيش-ويستفاليان التقنية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AE%D9%86_%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="آخن تکنیکال بیلیم‌یوردو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آخن تکنیکال بیلیم‌یوردو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/RWTH_Aachen" title="RWTH Aachen – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="RWTH Aachen" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рэйнска-Вестфальскі тэхнічны ўніверсітэт Ахена – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэйнска-Вестфальскі тэхнічны ўніверсітэт Ахена" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Por%C3%BDnsko-Vestf%C3%A1lsk%C3%A1_technick%C3%A1_univerzita_v_C%C3%A1ch%C3%A1ch" title="Porýnsko-Vestfálská technická univerzita v Cáchách – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Porýnsko-Vestfálská technická univerzita v Cáchách" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/RWTH_Aachen" title="RWTH Aachen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="RWTH Aachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/RWTH_Aacheni_%C3%9Clikool" title="RWTH Aacheni Ülikool – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="RWTH Aacheni Ülikool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%86%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Πολυτεχνείο του Άαχεν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολυτεχνείο του Άαχεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_T%C3%A9cnica_de_Aquisgr%C3%A1n" title="Universidad Técnica de Aquisgrán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universidad Técnica de Aquisgrán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknologia_altlernejo_Akeno" title="Teknologia altlernejo Akeno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Teknologia altlernejo Akeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%AE%D9%86" title="دانشگاه فنی آخن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه فنی آخن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_polytechnique_de_Rh%C3%A9nanie-Westphalie" title="École supérieure polytechnique de Rhénanie-Westphalie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="École supérieure polytechnique de Rhénanie-Westphalie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%97%A8_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B3%BC%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="아헨 공과대학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아헨 공과대학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AD%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%80%D5%BC%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%BD-%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D6%86%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%AD%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ախենի Հռենոս-վեստֆալյան տեխնիկական համալսարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ախենի Հռենոս-վեստֆալյան տեխնիկական համալսարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="आखन विश्वविद्यालय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आखन विश्वविद्यालय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Teknologi_Rhein_Westfalen_Aachen" title="Universitas Teknologi Rhein Westfalen Aachen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Universitas Teknologi Rhein Westfalen Aachen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/RWTH" title="RWTH – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="RWTH" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/RWTH_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%9F" title="RWTH אוניברסיטת אאכן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="RWTH אוניברסיטת אאכן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acheno_technikos_universitetas" title="Acheno technikos universitetas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Acheno technikos universitetas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="ആർഡബ്ലിയുടിഎച്ച് ആക്കൻ യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആർഡബ്ലിയുടിഎച്ച് ആക്കൻ യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A0" title="आखन विद्यापीठ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आखन विद्यापीठ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF-%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%8A%D9%86" title="جامعة راينلاند-ويستڤاليان التكنولوچيه فى اخين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جامعة راينلاند-ويستڤاليان التكنولوچيه فى اخين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheinisch-Westf%C3%A4lische_Technische_Hochschule" title="Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%98%E3%83%B3%E5%B7%A5%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="アーヘン工科大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アーヘン工科大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/RWTH_Aachen" title="RWTH Aachen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="RWTH Aachen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/RWTH_Aachen_universiteti" title="RWTH Aachen universiteti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="RWTH Aachen universiteti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/RWTH_Aachen" title="RWTH Aachen – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="RWTH Aachen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_T%C3%A9cnica_da_Ren%C3%A2nia_do_Norte-Vestf%C3%A1lia_em_Aachen" title="Universidade Técnica da Renânia do Norte-Vestfália em Aachen – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universidade Técnica da Renânia do Norte-Vestfália em Aachen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рейнско-Вестфальский технический университет Ахена – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рейнско-Вестфальский технический университет Ахена" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/RWTH_Aachen" title="RWTH Aachen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="RWTH Aachen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/RWTH_Aachen" title="RWTH Aachen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="RWTH Aachen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibersidad_ng_Aachen_RWTH" title="Unibersidad ng Aachen RWTH – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unibersidad ng Aachen RWTH" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Ахеннең Рейн-вестфалия техник университеты – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ахеннең Рейн-вестфалия техник университеты" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/RWTH_Aachen" title="RWTH Aachen – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="RWTH Aachen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рейнсько-Вестфальський технічний університет Аахена – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рейнсько-Вестфальський технічний університет Аахена" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_RWTH_Aachen" title="Đại học RWTH Aachen – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại học RWTH Aachen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%90%9B%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="亚琛工业大学 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="亚琛工业大学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%90%9B%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="亚琛工业大学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亚琛工业大学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q273263#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=RWTH_Aachen_University&params=50_46_40_N_6_04_41_E_region:DE-NW_type:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°46′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°04′41″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.77778°N 6.07806°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.77778; 6.07806</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Public university in Aachen, Germany</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">RWTH Aachen University</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname" lang="de">Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:RWTH_Logo_3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/RWTH_Logo_3.svg/220px-RWTH_Logo_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/RWTH_Logo_3.svg/330px-RWTH_Logo_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/RWTH_Logo_3.svg/440px-RWTH_Logo_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="98" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Zukunft denken</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Motto in English</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Thinking the Future</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">10 October 1870<span class="noprint">; 154 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1870-10-10</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">€ 1.108 billion<sup id="cite_ref-facts_and_figures_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facts_and_figures-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Rector_(academia)" title="Rector (academia)">Rector</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulrich_R%C3%BCdiger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulrich Rüdiger (page does not exist)">Ulrich Rüdiger</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulrich_R%C3%BCdiger_(Physiker)" class="extiw" title="de:Ulrich Rüdiger (Physiker)">de</a>]</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,264<sup id="cite_ref-facts_and_figures_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facts_and_figures-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Administrative staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,979<sup id="cite_ref-facts_and_figures_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facts_and_figures-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">47,078<sup id="cite_ref-facts_and_figures_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facts_and_figures-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="state"><a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">Germany</div><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=RWTH_Aachen_University&params=50_46_40_N_6_04_41_E_region:DE-NW_type:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°46′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°04′41″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.77778°N 6.07806°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.77778; 6.07806</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Domestic:</li><li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Forschungsgemeinschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft">DFG</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/German_Excellence_Universities" class="mw-redirect" title="German Excellence Universities">German Excellence Initiative</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/TU9" title="TU9">TU9</a></li><li>International:</li><li>ALMA</li><li><a href="/wiki/CESAER_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="CESAER Association">CESAER</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/IDEA_League" title="IDEA League">IDEA Leaguepm</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/European_Society_for_Engineering_Education" title="European Society for Engineering Education">SEFI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Top_Industrial_Managers_for_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Top Industrial Managers for Europe">TIME</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/UNITECH_International" title="UNITECH International">UNITECH</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Partnership_of_a_European_Group_of_Aeronautics_and_Space_Universities" title="Partnership of a European Group of Aeronautics and Space Universities">PEGASUS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">EUA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rwth-aachen.de/lang/en">rwth-aachen.de</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SuperC_-_bei_Nacht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/SuperC_-_bei_Nacht.jpg/220px-SuperC_-_bei_Nacht.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/SuperC_-_bei_Nacht.jpg/330px-SuperC_-_bei_Nacht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/SuperC_-_bei_Nacht.jpg/440px-SuperC_-_bei_Nacht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2164" data-file-height="1787" /></a><figcaption><i>SuperC</i>, landmark of RWTH Aachen and the central service building for students</figcaption></figure> <p><b>RWTH Aachen University</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˌɛʁveːteːˌhaː<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈʔaːxn̩]</a></span>), in German <i><b>Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen</b></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a German public <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. With more than 47,000 students enrolled in 144 study programs, it is the largest technical university in Germany. </p><p>RWTH Aachen in 2019 emerged from the final of the third federal and state excellence strategy. The university will be funded as a university of excellence for the next seven years. RWTH Aachen was already part of the federal and state excellence initiative in 2007 and 2012. </p><p>Since 2007, RWTH Aachen has been continuously funded by the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Forschungsgemeinschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft">DFG</a> and the <a href="/wiki/German_Council_of_Science_and_Humanities" class="mw-redirect" title="German Council of Science and Humanities">German Council of Science and Humanities</a> as one of eleven (previously nine) German <a href="/wiki/German_Universities_Excellence_Initiative" title="German Universities Excellence Initiative">Universities of Excellence</a> for its future concept <i>RWTH 2020: Meeting Global Challenges</i> and the follow-up concept <i>The Integrated Interdisciplinary University of Science and Technology: Knowledge, Impact, Networks</i>, also receiving grants for associated graduate schools and <i>clusters of excellence</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The university regularly accounts for the highest amount of third-party funds among all German universities, placing first per faculty member and second overall in the most recent survey from 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>RWTH Aachen is a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/CESAER" title="CESAER">CESAER</a> association of universities of science and technology in Europe, and <a href="/wiki/IDEA_League" title="IDEA League">IDEA League</a>, a strategic alliance of five leading universities of technology in Europe,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as its German counterpart <a href="/wiki/TU9" title="TU9">TU9</a>. It is also a member of DFG and the <a href="/wiki/Top_Industrial_Managers_for_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Top Industrial Managers for Europe">Top Industrial Managers for Europe</a> network. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RWTH_Aachen_University&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 25 January 1858, prince <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_German_Emperor" title="Frederick III, German Emperor">Frederick William of Prussia</a> (later <a href="/wiki/German_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="German emperor">German emperor</a>), was given a donation of 5,000 <a href="/wiki/Vereinsthaler" title="Vereinsthaler">talers</a> from the <i>Aachener und Münchener Feuer-Versicherungs-Gesellschaft</i>, the precursor of the <a href="/wiki/AMB_Generali" class="mw-redirect" title="AMB Generali">AachenMünchener</a> <a href="/wiki/Insurance_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurance company">insurance company</a>, for charity. In March, the prince chose to use the donation to found the first <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussian</a> <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_technology" title="Institute of technology">institute of technology</a> somewhere in the <a href="/wiki/Rhine_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine province">Rhine province</a>. The seat of the institution remained undecided over years; while the prince initially favored <a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a>, the cities of <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a>, Bonn, <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> and <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a> also applied, with Aachen and Cologne being the main competitors. Aachen finally won with a financing concept backed by the insurance company and by local banks.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Groundbreaking" title="Groundbreaking">Groundbreaking</a> for the new <i>Polytechnikum</i> took place on 15 May 1865 and lectures started during the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> on 10 October 1870 with 223 students and 32 teachers. The new institution had as its primary purpose the education of engineers, especially for the mining industry in the <a href="/wiki/Ruhr_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruhr area">Ruhr area</a>; there were schools of <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical</a> and mechanical engineering as well as an introductory <i>general school</i> that taught mathematics and <a href="/wiki/Natural_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural sciences">natural sciences</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Social_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Social sciences">social sciences</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RWTH_Aachen_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/RWTH_Aachen_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg/220px-RWTH_Aachen_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/RWTH_Aachen_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg/330px-RWTH_Aachen_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/RWTH_Aachen_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg/440px-RWTH_Aachen_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Main Building of the RWTH Aachen. It was built in 1870.</figcaption></figure> <p>The unclear position of the new Prussian <i>polytechnika</i> (which officially were not universities) affected the first years. Polytechnics lacked prestige in society and the number of students decreased. This began to change in 1880 when the early RWTH, amongst others, was reorganized as a <i>Royal Technical University</i>, gained a seat in the <a href="/wiki/Prussian_House_of_Lords" title="Prussian House of Lords">Prussian House of Lords</a> and finally won the right to bestow <a href="/wiki/Doktoringenieur" title="Doktoringenieur">Dr.-Ing.</a> (1899) degrees and <a href="/wiki/Diplom" title="Diplom">Dipl.-Ing.</a> titles (introduced in 1902). In the same year, over 800 male students enrolled. In 1909 the first women were admitted and the artist <a href="/wiki/August_von_Brandis" title="August von Brandis">August von Brandis</a> succeeded Alexander Frenz at the Faculty of Architecture as a "professor of figure and landscape painting", Brandis became dean in 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, however, proved a serious setback for the university. Many students voluntarily joined up and died in the war, and parts of the university were shortly occupied or confiscated. </p><p>While the (then no more royal) <i>TH Aachen</i> (Technische Hochschule Aachen) flourished in the 1920s with the introduction of more independent <a href="/wiki/Faculty_(division)" title="Faculty (division)">faculties</a>, of several new institutes and of the <a href="/wiki/AStA" title="AStA">general students' committee</a>, the first signs of <a href="/wiki/Nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist">nationalist</a> radicalization also became visible within the university. <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Gleichschaltung" title="Gleichschaltung">Gleichschaltung</a></i> of the TH in 1933 met with relatively low resistance from both students and faculty. Beginning in September 1933, Jewish and (alleged) <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communist</a> professors (and from 1937 on also students) were systematically <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in Germany">persecuted</a> and excluded from the university. Vacant <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">Chairs</a> were increasingly given to <a href="/wiki/NSDAP" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP">NSDAP</a> party-members or sympathizers.<sup id="cite_ref-Archives_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archives-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The freedom of research and teaching became severely limited, and institutes important for the regime's plans were systematically established, and existing chairs promoted. Briefly closed in 1939, the TH continued courses in 1940, although with a low number of students. On 21 October 1944, when Aachen <a href="/wiki/Capitulation_(surrender)" title="Capitulation (surrender)">capitulated</a>, more than 70% of all buildings of the university were destroyed or heavily damaged. </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> ended in 1945 the university recovered and expanded quickly. In the 1950s, many professors who had been removed because of their alleged affiliation with the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi party">Nazi party</a> were allowed to return and a multitude of new institutes were founded. By the late 1960s, the TH had 10,000 students, making it the foremost of all German technical universities. With the foundation of philosophical and medical faculties in 1965 and 1966, respectively, the university became more "universal". The newly founded faculties in particular began attracting new students, and the number of students almost doubled twice from 1970 (10,000) to 1980 (more than 25,000) and from 1980 to 1990 (more than 37,000).<sup id="cite_ref-RWTH_–_Facts_&_Figures,_p._13_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RWTH_–_Facts_&_Figures,_p._13-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now, the average number of students is around 42,000, with about one third of all students being women. By relative terms, the most popular study-programs are engineering (57%), <a href="/wiki/Natural_science" title="Natural science">natural science</a> (23%), economics and <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a> (13%) and medicine (7%).<sup id="cite_ref-RWTH_–_Facts_&_Figures,_p._13_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RWTH_–_Facts_&_Figures,_p._13-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_developments">Recent developments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RWTH_Aachen_University&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Recent developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RWTH_Roter_Hoersaal.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/RWTH_Roter_Hoersaal.JPG/220px-RWTH_Roter_Hoersaal.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/RWTH_Roter_Hoersaal.JPG/330px-RWTH_Roter_Hoersaal.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/RWTH_Roter_Hoersaal.JPG/440px-RWTH_Roter_Hoersaal.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>"Red lecture hall" at the central campus</figcaption></figure> <p>In December 2006, RWTH Aachen and the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate">Sultanate</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> signed an agreement to establish a private <a href="/wiki/German_University_of_Technology_in_Oman" title="German University of Technology in Oman">German University of Technology</a> in <a href="/wiki/Muscat,_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscat, Oman">Muscat</a>. Professors from Aachen aided in developing the <a href="/wiki/Curricula" class="mw-redirect" title="Curricula">curricula</a> for the currently five study-programs and scientific staff took over some of the first courses.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, RWTH Aachen was chosen as one of nine German <a href="/wiki/German_Universities_Excellence_Initiative" title="German Universities Excellence Initiative">Universities of Excellence</a> for its future concept <i>RWTH 2020: Meeting Global Challenges</i>, earning it the <a href="/wiki/Connotation" title="Connotation">connotation</a> of being a "University of Excellence". However, although the list of universities honored for their future concepts mostly consists of large and already respected institutions, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_Education_and_Research_(Germany)" title="Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany)">Federal Ministry of Education and Research</a> claimed that the initiative aimed at promoting universities with a dedicated future concept so they could continue researching on an international level.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having won funds in all three lines of funding, the process brought RWTH Aachen University an additional total funding of €180 <a href="/wiki/Million" class="mw-redirect" title="Million">million</a> from 2007 to 2011. The other two lines of funding were <a href="/wiki/Graduate_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate schools">graduate schools</a>, where the <i>Aachen Institute for Advanced Study in <a href="/wiki/Computational_Science_and_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Computational Science and Engineering">Computational Engineering Science</a></i> received funding and so-called "clusters of excellence", where RWTH Aachen managed to win funding for the three clusters: <i>Ultra High-Speed Mobile Information and Communication (UMIC)</i>, <i>Integrative Production Technology for High-wage Countries</i> and <i>Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass (TMFB)</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> RWTH was selected to receive funding from the German federal and state governments for the third Universities of Excellence funding line starting 2019. RWTH's proposal was called "The Integrated Interdisciplinary University of Science and Technology – Knowledge. Impact. Networks." and has secured funding for a seven-year period.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blick_%C3%BCber_Aachen_auf_den_Katschhof,_Sept_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Blick_%C3%BCber_Aachen_auf_den_Katschhof%2C_Sept_2008.jpg/220px-Blick_%C3%BCber_Aachen_auf_den_Katschhof%2C_Sept_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Blick_%C3%BCber_Aachen_auf_den_Katschhof%2C_Sept_2008.jpg/330px-Blick_%C3%BCber_Aachen_auf_den_Katschhof%2C_Sept_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Blick_%C3%BCber_Aachen_auf_den_Katschhof%2C_Sept_2008.jpg/440px-Blick_%C3%BCber_Aachen_auf_den_Katschhof%2C_Sept_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>View towards the city of <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a> from <i>SuperC</i>, a central building for students next to the main building at the midtown campus</figcaption></figure> <p>2019 Clusters of Excellence </p> <ul><li>The Fuel Science Center (FSC) Adaptive Conversion Systems for Renewable Energy and Carbon Sources</li> <li>Internet of Production</li> <li>ML4Q – Matter and Light for Quantum Computing</li></ul> <p>RWTH was already awarded funding in the first and second Universities of Excellence funding lines, in 2007 and 2012 respectively. </p><p>The RWTH itself has a University agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Harbin_Institute_of_Technology" title="Harbin Institute of Technology">Harbin Institute of Technology</a> since 2019. In June 2024 a research by <a href="/wiki/Correctiv" title="Correctiv">Correctiv</a> journalists showed Chinese military involvement in several RWTH projects. From 100 RTWH professors in <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">Mechanical-</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">Electrical engineering</a> 19 had coorperated with researchers from <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Defense_Technology" title="National University of Defense Technology">NUDT</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Sons_of_National_Defence" title="Seven Sons of National Defence">Seven Sons of National Defence</a> initiative and 45 had benefited from Chinese government funding. The money, in some cases channelled through <a href="/wiki/Privately_held_company" title="Privately held company">companies</a> privately held by RWTH professors, went, among other things, to projects with military applications, including radar technology for <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">drones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campus">Campus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RWTH_Aachen_University&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Campus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RWTH-H%C3%B6rsaalzentrum_CARL.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/RWTH-H%C3%B6rsaalzentrum_CARL.JPG/220px-RWTH-H%C3%B6rsaalzentrum_CARL.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/RWTH-H%C3%B6rsaalzentrum_CARL.JPG/330px-RWTH-H%C3%B6rsaalzentrum_CARL.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/RWTH-H%C3%B6rsaalzentrum_CARL.JPG/440px-RWTH-H%C3%B6rsaalzentrum_CARL.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4547" data-file-height="2405" /></a><figcaption>The newly built CARL in 2017, RWTH Aachen</figcaption></figure> <p>RWTH Aachen University's 620 acres (250 ha) campus is located in the north-western part of the city Aachen. There are two core areas – midtown and Melaten district. The Main Building, SuperC student's center and the <a href="/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán">Kármán</a> Hall are 500 m away from the city centre with the <a href="/wiki/Aachen_Cathedral" title="Aachen Cathedral">Aachen Cathedral</a>, the Audimax (biggest lecture hall) and the main refectory are 200 m farther. Other points of interest include the university's <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Botanischer_Garten_Aachen" title="Botanischer Garten Aachen">Botanischer Garten Aachen</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AC_BD_RWTH_Rogowski_Institut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/AC_BD_RWTH_Rogowski_Institut.jpg/220px-AC_BD_RWTH_Rogowski_Institut.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/AC_BD_RWTH_Rogowski_Institut.jpg/330px-AC_BD_RWTH_Rogowski_Institut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/AC_BD_RWTH_Rogowski_Institut.jpg/440px-AC_BD_RWTH_Rogowski_Institut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4708" data-file-height="3139" /></a><figcaption>The Rogowski building, home of the Aachen Institute for Advanced Study in Computational Engineering Science</figcaption></figure> <p>A new building, the so-called <i>Central Auditorium for Research and Learning</i> (CARL) was opened in 2017. It offers space for 4000 students and replaces Audimax as the largest lecture hall building. The name of the new central auditorium, which is going to contain different lecture halls, is a reference to <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>, who reigned his empire from Aachen in the middle-ages.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The RWTH has external facilities in <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BClich" title="Jülich">Jülich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a> and owns, together with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Stuttgart" title="University of Stuttgart">University of Stuttgart</a>, a house in <a href="/wiki/Kleinwalsertal" title="Kleinwalsertal">Kleinwalsertal</a> in the Austrian <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>. </p><p>The university is currently expanding in the city center and Melaten district. The SuperC, the new central service building for students, was opened in 2008. The groundbreaking for the new <i>Campus-Melaten</i> was in 2009. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internationality">Internationality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RWTH_Aachen_University&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Internationality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Double degrees and student mobility are promoted with other technology universities through the TIME (<a href="/wiki/Top_Industrial_Managers_for_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Top Industrial Managers for Europe">Top Industrial Managers for Europe</a>) network. Furthermore, the RWTH is member of the <a href="/wiki/IDEA_League" title="IDEA League">IDEA League</a>, which is a strategic partnership among four of Europe's leading research universities, including <a href="/wiki/Delft_University_of_Technology" title="Delft University of Technology">TU Delft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chalmers_University_of_Technology" title="Chalmers University of Technology">Chalmers University of Technology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ETH_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="ETH Zürich">ETH Zürich</a>, and was the first German university starting an <a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_Research_Opportunities_Program" title="Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program">Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program</a> in 2008. </p><p>Compared to other German universities the RWTH Aachen received the highest amount of funds granted by third-party donors in the last years.<sup id="cite_ref-Third-party_donors_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Third-party_donors-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More than 7,000 international students are currently enrolled within the undergraduate, graduate or PhD programme. Compared to other German universities the portion of international students at the RWTH Aachen is higher-than-average.<sup id="cite_ref-RWTH_–_Facts_&_Figures,_p._13_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RWTH_–_Facts_&_Figures,_p._13-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proximity of Aachen to the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg combined with the subsequent exposure to a variety of cultural heritages has placed RWTH Aachen University in a unique position with regards to the reflection and promotion of international aspects and intensive interaction with other universities. </p><p>In Asia, RWTH Aachen collaborates with <a href="/wiki/Tsinghua_University" title="Tsinghua University">Tsinghua University</a> to offer Tsinghua-Aachen (Germany) Joint Master Program.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rankings_and_reputation">Rankings and reputation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RWTH_Aachen_University&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Rankings and reputation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings" title="College and university rankings">University rankings</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;">Overall – Global & National</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style=";text-align:left;width: 99%"> <b><i><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a></i> World</b> 2024<sup id="cite_ref-QS_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QS-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style=";text-align:center;white-space: nowrap; border-right: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-right: 0.5em"> 106</td><td style=";text-align:center;white-space: nowrap; padding-left: 0.5em"> 5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style=";text-align:left;width: 99%"> <b><i><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a></i> World</b> 2024<sup id="cite_ref-THE_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THE-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style=";text-align:center;white-space: nowrap; border-right: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-right: 0.5em"> 90</td><td style=";text-align:center;white-space: nowrap; padding-left: 0.5em"> 5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style=";text-align:left;width: 99%"> <b><i><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a></i> World</b> 2023<sup id="cite_ref-ARWU_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARWU-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style=";text-align:center;white-space: nowrap; border-right: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-right: 0.5em"> 201–300</td><td style=";text-align:center;white-space: nowrap; padding-left: 0.5em"> 10–19</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="display:none;text-align:left;width: 99%"> <b><i><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a></i> Europe</b><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td><td style="display:none;text-align:center;white-space: nowrap; border-right: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-right: 0.5em"></td><td style="display:none;text-align:center;white-space: nowrap; padding-left: 0.5em"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="display:none;text-align:left;width: 99%"> <b><i><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a></i> Employability</b><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td><td style="display:none;text-align:center;white-space: nowrap; border-right: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-right: 0.5em"></td><td style="display:none;text-align:center;white-space: nowrap; padding-left: 0.5em"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="display:none;text-align:left;width: 99%"> <b><i><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a></i> Employability</b><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td><td style="display:none;text-align:center;white-space: nowrap; border-right: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-right: 0.5em"></td><td style="display:none;text-align:center;white-space: nowrap; padding-left: 0.5em"></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overall">Overall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RWTH_Aachen_University&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Overall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>RWTH Aachen was ranked #106 globally (#5 nationally) in the <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS World University Rankings</a> 2024,<sup id="cite_ref-QS_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QS-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> #90 globally (#5 nationally) in the <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">Times Higher Education World University Rankings</a> 2024,<sup id="cite_ref-THE_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THE-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and #201–300 globally (#10–19 nationally) in the <a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU World Rankings</a> 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-ARWU_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARWU-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subject">Subject</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RWTH_Aachen_University&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Subject"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 2023 QS Subject Ranking, RWTH Aachen ranks first in Germany in mechanical engineering and materials sciences.<sup id="cite_ref-QSSubject_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QSSubject-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2023 THE Subject Ranking, RWTH Aachen ranks second in Germany in engineering and computer science.<sup id="cite_ref-THESubject_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THESubject-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2022 ARWU Subject Ranking, RWTH Aachen ranks first in Germany in chemical engineering.<sup id="cite_ref-ARWU_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARWU-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; font-size: 90%"> <caption>QS Subject Ranking 2023<sup id="cite_ref-QSSubject_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QSSubject-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Subject</th> <th>Global</th> <th>National </th></tr> <tr> <th><div style="float:left;">Arts & Humanities</div> </th> <th>N/A </th> <th>N/A </th></tr> <tr> <td>Architecture and Built Environment </td> <td data-sort-value="51–100"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 51–100</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="3–5"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3–5</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><div style="float:left;">Engineering and Technology</div> </th> <th data-sort-value="55"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 55 </th> <th data-sort-value="4"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 4 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Engineering – Chemical </td> <td data-sort-value="38"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rise"><img alt="Rise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/9px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/14px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 38</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="2"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Engineering – Civil and Structural </td> <td data-sort-value="51–100"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 51–100</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="2–3"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2–3</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Computer Science and Information Systems </td> <td data-sort-value="90"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 90</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="3"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Engineering – Electrical and Electronic </td> <td data-sort-value="45"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 45</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="3"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 3</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Engineering – Mechanical </td> <td data-sort-value="19"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 19</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="1"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Engineering – Mineral and Mining </td> <td data-sort-value="15"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rise"><img alt="Rise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/9px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/14px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 15</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="2"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 2</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><div style="float:left;">Life Sciences & Medicine</div> </th> <th>N/A </th> <th>N/A </th></tr> <tr> <td>Biological Sciences </td> <td data-sort-value="151–200"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 151–200</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="12–15"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 12–15</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Medicine </td> <td data-sort-value="201–250"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 201–250</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="14–15"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 14–15</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><div style="float:left;">Natural Sciences</div> </th> <th data-sort-value="85"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 85 </th> <th data-sort-value="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 6 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Chemistry </td> <td data-sort-value="66"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 66</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="5"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 5</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Earth and Marine Sciences </td> <td data-sort-value="151–200"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 151–200</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="14–15"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 14–15</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Environmental Sciences </td> <td data-sort-value="101–150"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 101–150</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="4–5"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4–5</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Geology </td> <td data-sort-value="151–200"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 151–200</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="14–15"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 14–15</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Geophysics </td> <td data-sort-value="151–200"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rise"><img alt="Rise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/9px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/14px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 151–200</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="14–15"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rise"><img alt="Rise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/9px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/14px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 14–15</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Materials Sciences </td> <td data-sort-value="27"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rise"><img alt="Rise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/9px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/14px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 27</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="1"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mathematics </td> <td data-sort-value="136"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 136</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="8"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 8</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Physics and Astronomy </td> <td data-sort-value="60"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rise"><img alt="Rise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/9px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/14px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 60</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="5"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><div style="float:left;">Social Sciences & Management</div> </th> <th data-sort-value="401–450"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 401–450 </th> <th data-sort-value="13–15"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 13–15 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Business and Management Studies </td> <td data-sort-value="201–250"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 201–250</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="5–8"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5–8</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Economics and Econometrics </td> <td data-sort-value="301–350"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 301–350</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="12–15"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rise"><img alt="Rise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/9px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/14px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 12–15</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Education and Training </td> <td data-sort-value="251–300"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 251–300</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="11–14"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rise"><img alt="Rise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/9px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/14px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 11–14</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Statistics and Operational Research </td> <td data-sort-value="101–150"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 101–150</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="5–6"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5–6</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; font-size: 90%"> <caption>THE Subject Ranking 2023<sup id="cite_ref-THESubject_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THESubject-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Subject</th> <th>Global</th> <th>National </th></tr> <tr> <td>Computer science </td> <td data-sort-value="50"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rise"><img alt="Rise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/9px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/14px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 50</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="2"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rise"><img alt="Rise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/9px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/14px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 2</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Engineering </td> <td data-sort-value="32"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 32</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="2"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clinical & health </td> <td data-sort-value="201–250"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 201–250</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="12–16"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rise"><img alt="Rise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/9px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/14px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 12–16</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Physical sciences </td> <td data-sort-value="91"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> =91</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="8"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rise"><img alt="Rise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/9px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/14px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 8</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; font-size: 90%"> <caption>ARWU Subject Ranking 2022<sup id="cite_ref-ARWU_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARWU-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Subject</th> <th>Global</th> <th>National </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Natural Sciences </th></tr> <tr> <td>Mathematics </td> <td data-sort-value="301–400"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 301–400</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="19–29"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rise"><img alt="Rise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/9px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/14px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 19–29</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Physics </td> <td data-sort-value="76–100"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 76–100</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="6–7"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6–7</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chemistry </td> <td data-sort-value="76–100"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 76–100</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="2–5"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rise"><img alt="Rise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/9px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/14px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 2–5</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Earth Sciences </td> <td data-sort-value="301–400"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 301–400</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="24–30"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 24–30</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Engineering </th></tr> <tr> <td>Mechanical Engineering </td> <td data-sort-value="51–75"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 51–75</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="1–2"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rise"><img alt="Rise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/9px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/14px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 1–2</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Electrical & Electronic Engineering </td> <td data-sort-value="151–200"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 151–200</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="5–6"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 5–6</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Telecommunication Engineering </td> <td data-sort-value="201–300"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 201–300</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="5–6"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 5–6</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Instruments Science & Technology </td> <td data-sort-value="201–300"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 201–300</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="3–6"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 3–6</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Biomedical Engineering </td> <td data-sort-value="101–150"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 101–150</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="6–10"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6–10</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Computer Science & Engineering </td> <td data-sort-value="201–300"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 201–300</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="3–10"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rise"><img alt="Rise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/9px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/14px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 3–10</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chemical Engineering </td> <td data-sort-value="76–100"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 76–100</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="1"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Materials Science & Engineering </td> <td data-sort-value="101–150"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 101–150</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="3–5"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3–5</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nanoscience & Nanotechnology </td> <td data-sort-value="101–150"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 101–150</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="3–5"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rise"><img alt="Rise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/9px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/14px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 3–5</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Energy Science & Engineering </td> <td data-sort-value="101–150"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 101–150</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="5–6"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5–6</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Environmental Science & Engineering </td> <td data-sort-value="151–200"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 151–200</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="5–6"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5–6</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Biotechnology </td> <td data-sort-value="101–150"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 101–150</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="5–7"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 5–7</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mining & Mineral Engineering </td> <td data-sort-value="51–75"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 51–75</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="2"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Metallurgical Engineering </td> <td data-sort-value="36"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 36</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="3"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Life Sciences </th></tr> <tr> <td>Human Biological Sciences </td> <td data-sort-value="201–300"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 201–300</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="27–30"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rise"><img alt="Rise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/9px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/14px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 27–30</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Agricultural Sciences </td> <td data-sort-value="201–300"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 201–300</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="19–23"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rise"><img alt="Rise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/9px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/14px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 19–23</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Medical Sciences </th></tr> <tr> <td>Dentistry & Oral Sciences </td> <td data-sort-value="101–150"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 101–150</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="8–13"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8–13</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Medical Technology </td> <td data-sort-value="51–75"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 51–75</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="9–12"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9–12</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences </td> <td data-sort-value="101–150"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 101–150</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="10–14"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rise"><img alt="Rise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/9px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/14px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 10–14</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Social Sciences </th></tr> <tr> <td>Economics </td> <td data-sort-value="301–400"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 301–400</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="16–23"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rise"><img alt="Rise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/9px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/14px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 16–23</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Psychology </td> <td data-sort-value="201–300"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 201–300</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="18–23"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fall"><img alt="Fall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/9px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/14px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 18–23</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Business Administration </td> <td data-sort-value="201–300"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 201–300</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="5–10"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rise"><img alt="Rise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/9px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/14px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 5–10</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Management </td> <td data-sort-value="201–300"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 201–300</div> </td> <td data-sort-value="4–8"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Same position"><img alt="Same position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/9px-Steady3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/14px-Steady3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Steady3.svg/18px-Steady3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4–8</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>In 2009, two prominent German newspapers, <i><a href="/wiki/Handelsblatt" title="Handelsblatt">Handelsblatt</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Wirtschaftswoche" title="Wirtschaftswoche">Wirtschaftswoche</a></i>, ranked RWTH Aachen the first place in Germany in the fields of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, industrial engineering, and computer science.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, Handelsblatt ranked The RWTH School of Business and Economics amongst top 10 within Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2015 ranking published by <a href="/wiki/German_Academic_Exchange_Service" title="German Academic Exchange Service">DAAD</a> together with Centre for Higher Education Development and <a href="/wiki/Die_Zeit" title="Die Zeit">Die Zeit</a>, RWTH Aachen also stands on top among other German universities in the aforementioned fields of engineering and computer science.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Graduates">Graduates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RWTH_Aachen_University&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Graduates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>RWTH Aachen took 3rd place in 2018 based on the number of top managers in the German economy measured by the number of <a href="/wiki/DAX" title="DAX">DAX</a> <a href="/wiki/Board_of_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of management">board of management</a> members.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, RWTH Aachen took 2nd place.<sup id="cite_ref-Klaus_Hansen_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klaus_Hansen-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The top 3 universities in 2019 with the most top managers were the <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">LMU Munich</a>, the RWTH Aachen and the <a href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Darmstadt" title="Technische Universität Darmstadt">Technische Universität Darmstadt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Klaus_Hansen_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klaus_Hansen-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <i>Stepstone Salary Report for Graduates 2019/2020</i>, graduates of RWTH Aachen are amongst the highest earners in <a href="/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering,_and_mathematics" title="Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics">Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2001 to 2013, national rankings regularly identified RWTH Aachen as one of the best universities in Germany in the fields of engineering (especially mechanical engineering, <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a>), as well as amongst the top three in <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, and medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RWTH_Aachen_University&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">factual accuracy</a></b> of parts of this article (those related to paragraph) <b>may be compromised due to out-of-date information</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2012</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Almost all basic lectures are held in German, but an increasing number of master programs require proficiency in English for admission. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fees">Fees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RWTH_Aachen_University&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>RWTH Aachen is run by the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">federal state</a> of <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>. Since the summer semester of 2004 the state of North Rhine-Westphalia allowed universities to request a maximum of €500 per semester as tuition fees. In the past, tuition fees applied solely for long-term students and second studies. Since the summer semester of 2007, all students enrolled at the RWTH Aachen had to pay these €500, if they were not exempt for one of several reasons put forth by the State of North Rhine-Westphalia. </p><p>Since 24 February 2011 study fees were abolished by the <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia">Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia</a> (Legislation for the Improvement of Equal Opportunities to University Admission) with effect from Winter Term 2011/12. Universities will receive 249 Mio Euro of national funding for measures that improve the quality of teaching (e.g., through additional teachers and tutors) as compensation. Tuition fees per semester are still being charged. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Institut_f%C3%BCr_physikalische_Chemie_-_RWTH_Aachen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Institut_f%C3%BCr_physikalische_Chemie_-_RWTH_Aachen.jpg/220px-Institut_f%C3%BCr_physikalische_Chemie_-_RWTH_Aachen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Institut_f%C3%BCr_physikalische_Chemie_-_RWTH_Aachen.jpg/330px-Institut_f%C3%BCr_physikalische_Chemie_-_RWTH_Aachen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Institut_f%C3%BCr_physikalische_Chemie_-_RWTH_Aachen.jpg/440px-Institut_f%C3%BCr_physikalische_Chemie_-_RWTH_Aachen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5654" data-file-height="3770" /></a><figcaption>Institute for physical chemistry</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faculties">Faculties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RWTH_Aachen_University&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Faculties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The RWTH is divided into nine (previously ten) faculties: </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RWTH_Aachen_Faculty_of_Mathematics,_Computer_science,_and_Natural_sciences" title="RWTH Aachen Faculty of Mathematics, Computer science, and Natural sciences">F 1 – Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RWTH_Aachen_Faculty_of_Architecture" title="RWTH Aachen Faculty of Architecture">F 2 – Faculty of Architecture</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RWTH_Aachen_Faculty_of_Civil_Engineering" title="RWTH Aachen Faculty of Civil Engineering">F 3 – Faculty of Civil Engineering</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RWTH_Aachen_Faculty_of_Mechanical_Engineering" title="RWTH Aachen Faculty of Mechanical Engineering">F 4 – Faculty of Mechanical Engineering</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RWTH_Aachen_Faculty_of_Georesources_and_Materials_Engineering" title="RWTH Aachen Faculty of Georesources and Materials Engineering">F 5 – Faculty of Georesources and Materials Engineering</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RWTH_Aachen_Faculty_of_Electrical_Engineering_and_Information_Technology" title="RWTH Aachen Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology">F 6 – Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RWTH_Aachen_Faculty_of_Arts_and_Humanities" title="RWTH Aachen Faculty of Arts and Humanities">F 7 – Faculty of Arts and Humanities</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RWTH_Aachen_Faculty_of_Business_and_Economics" title="RWTH Aachen Faculty of Business and Economics">F 8 – School of Business and Economics</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RWTH_Aachen_Faculty_of_Medicine" title="RWTH Aachen Faculty of Medicine">F 10 – Faculty of Medicine</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Faculty nine was <a href="/wiki/Pedagogy" title="Pedagogy">pedagogical sciences</a>, but it was abandoned in 1989. <a href="/wiki/Teacher_education" title="Teacher education">Teacher education</a>, however, continued.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Universit%C3%A4tsklinikum_Aachen_2023_Front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Universit%C3%A4tsklinikum_Aachen_2023_Front.jpg/220px-Universit%C3%A4tsklinikum_Aachen_2023_Front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Universit%C3%A4tsklinikum_Aachen_2023_Front.jpg/330px-Universit%C3%A4tsklinikum_Aachen_2023_Front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Universit%C3%A4tsklinikum_Aachen_2023_Front.jpg/440px-Universit%C3%A4tsklinikum_Aachen_2023_Front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6240" data-file-height="3510" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Klinikum_Aachen" class="mw-redirect" title="Klinikum Aachen">Klinikum Aachen</a> (University hospital)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fraunhofer-Institutes">Fraunhofer-Institutes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RWTH_Aachen_University&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Fraunhofer-Institutes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The university cooperates with the <a href="/wiki/Fraunhofer_Society" title="Fraunhofer Society">Fraunhofer-Institutes</a> situated in the Melaten district of <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a>. The institutes offer workshops, courses and lectures for the students of RWTH Aachen. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fraunhofer-Institut_f._Molekularbiologie,_Campusboulevard_Aachen_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fraunhofer-Institut_f._Molekularbiologie%2C_Campusboulevard_Aachen_%282%29.JPG/220px-Fraunhofer-Institut_f._Molekularbiologie%2C_Campusboulevard_Aachen_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fraunhofer-Institut_f._Molekularbiologie%2C_Campusboulevard_Aachen_%282%29.JPG/330px-Fraunhofer-Institut_f._Molekularbiologie%2C_Campusboulevard_Aachen_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fraunhofer-Institut_f._Molekularbiologie%2C_Campusboulevard_Aachen_%282%29.JPG/440px-Fraunhofer-Institut_f._Molekularbiologie%2C_Campusboulevard_Aachen_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4339" data-file-height="2593" /></a><figcaption>Fraunhofer-Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Applied Information Technology (FIT) Sankt Augustin and Aachen</li> <li>Fraunhofer-Institute for Laser Technology ILT</li> <li>Fraunhofer-Institute for Production Technology IPT</li> <li>Fraunhofer-Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jülich-Aachen_Research_Alliance_(JARA)"><span id="J.C3.BClich-Aachen_Research_Alliance_.28JARA.29"></span>Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RWTH_Aachen_University&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance</i> (JARA) was founded by the RWTH Aachen and <a href="/wiki/Forschungszentrum_J%C3%BClich" title="Forschungszentrum Jülich">Forschungszentrum Jülich</a> in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-JARA_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JARA-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five sections are coordinated by the research facilities: </p> <ul><li>JARA-Brain (Diagnosis and therapy of neurologic sickness)</li> <li>JARA-Fit (Fundamentals of future information technology)</li> <li>JARA-HPC (High Performance Computing)</li> <li>JARA-Energy (Energy research)<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>JARA-FAME (Forces and matter experiments) <sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Graduate_schools">Graduate schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RWTH_Aachen_University&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Graduate schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aachen_Institute_for_advanced_study_in_Computational_Engineering_Science">Aachen Institute for advanced study in Computational Engineering Science</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RWTH_Aachen_University&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Aachen Institute for advanced study in Computational Engineering Science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aices.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Aices.png/100px-Aices.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Aices.png/150px-Aices.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Aices.png/200px-Aices.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="192" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The Aachen Institute for advanced study in Computational Engineering Science (AICES) is a graduate school established in 2006 under the <a href="/wiki/German_Universities_Excellence_Initiative" title="German Universities Excellence Initiative">German Universities Excellence Initiative</a> at the RWTH Aachen University. Research at AICES is broadly in the area of <a href="/wiki/Computational_engineering" title="Computational engineering">Computational engineering</a>, solving <a href="/wiki/Inverse_problems" class="mw-redirect" title="Inverse problems">inverse problems</a> that find applications in mathematics, <a href="/wiki/Computer_science_and_engineering" title="Computer science and engineering">computer science and engineering</a>, mechanical engineering and <a href="/wiki/Natural_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural sciences">natural sciences</a>. AICES is a collaborative effort of 47 <a href="/wiki/Principal_investigators" class="mw-redirect" title="Principal investigators">principal investigators</a> from 8 academic divisions of RWTH Aachen University, as well as <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Iron_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Planck Institute for Iron Research">Max Planck Institute for Iron Research</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forschungszentrum_J%C3%BClich" title="Forschungszentrum Jülich">Forschungszentrum Jülich</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Associations">Associations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RWTH_Aachen_University&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Associations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>RWTH Aachen – North American Alumni Association: Prof. Dr. Burkhard Rauhut, former president of the RWTH, and Prof. Dr. Laszlo Baksay, President of the newly founded "Association of Alumni, Friends and Supporters of RWTH Aachen University in North-America" signed the founding statement for a new branch of the RWTH Alumni Community in Melbourne (Florida) in May 2006.</li> <li>AStA (Students' Union)</li> <li>AISA (Assoc. of Indian Students in Aachen)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>GATS (Association of Thai Students in Aachen)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ISA e.V (Iranian Students Association)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pakistan Student Association<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>MexAS – Mexikanische Aachener Studierende (Mexican Students' Association)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ADDI (Aachen Drone Development Initiative)<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flugwissenschaftliche_Vereinigung_Aachen" title="Flugwissenschaftliche Vereinigung Aachen">Flugwissenschaftliche Vereinigung Aachen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abbreviation" title="Abbreviation">abbreviation</a>: FVA, English: Flight Research Association Aachen).<sup id="cite_ref-FVA_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FVA-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The FVA academic flying group is closely affiliated with RWTH Aachen and overseen by <a href="/w/index.php?title=IDAFLIEG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IDAFLIEG (page does not exist)">IDAFLIEG</a> (<i>Interessengemeinschaft deutscher akademischer Fliegergruppen e.V.</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-IDA_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDA-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Team_Sonnenwagen_Aachen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Team Sonnenwagen Aachen (page does not exist)">Team Sonnenwagen Aachen</a> Student team founded in late 2015 with the goal to develop and build solar cars for the <a href="/wiki/World_Solar_Challenge" title="World Solar Challenge">World Solar Challenge</a> in Australia. In 2017, the team participated for the first time in the challenge.</li> <li>Ecurie Aix – Student team founded in 1999 to compete in the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_Student_Germany" class="extiw" title="de:Formula Student Germany">formula student</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>SKY Campus Aachen – A student initiative that aims to boost awareness for mental health in the student community, through mindfulness, breathwork and yoga.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Team_Aachen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Team Aachen (page does not exist)">Space Team Aachen</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>TechAachen<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ecogenium<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_faculty_and_alumni">Notable faculty and alumni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RWTH_Aachen_University&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notable faculty and alumni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_RWTH_Aachen_University_people" title="List of RWTH Aachen University people">List of RWTH Aachen University people</a></div> <p>RWTH Aachen University has educated several notable individuals, including some Nobel laureates in physics and chemistry. The scientists and alumni of the RWTH Aachen played a major role in <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, medicine, <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical</a>, and mechanical engineering. For example, Nobel laureate <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a> received a degree in electrical engineering from RWTH Aachen and is known for the <a href="/wiki/Debye_model" title="Debye model">Debye model</a> and <a href="/wiki/Debye_relaxation" class="mw-redirect" title="Debye relaxation">Debye relaxation</a>. Another example, <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Zahn" title="Helmut Zahn">Helmut Zahn</a> and his team of the Institute for Textile Chemistry were the first who synthesised <a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">insulin</a> in 1963 and they were nominated for Nobel Prize. Another example is <a href="/wiki/B.J._Habibie" class="mw-redirect" title="B.J. Habibie">B.J. Habibie</a>, the third president of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> that contributed in many aviation advancements. <a href="/wiki/Franz_Josef_Och" title="Franz Josef Och">Franz Josef Och</a> was the chief architect of <a href="/wiki/Google_Translate" title="Google Translate">Google Translate</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Tietz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Werner Tietz (page does not exist)">Werner Tietz</a> is one of the leading engineers of the Volkswagen Group and vice president of SEAT. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RWTH_Aachen_University&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>RWTH</i> is the abbreviation of <i>Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule</i>, which translates into "Rheinish-Westphalian Technical University"<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "Rhenish-Westphalian Technical University".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The institution is in Germany commonly referred to as <i>RWTH Aachen</i> or simply <i>RWTH</i>. The abbreviation remains untranslated in other languages to avoid the use of the <i>Hochschule</i> term, which is sometimes mistakenly translated as <a href="/wiki/Highschool#United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Highschool">highschool</a>. Sometimes, RWTH Aachen is also referred to as <i>TH Aachen</i> or <i>Aachen University</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RWTH_Aachen_University&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rwth-aachen.de/cms/root/Die-RWTH/Einrichtungen/Verwaltung/Stabsstellen/Marketing/~eqbm/Corporate-Design/">"Corporate Design"</a>. <i>RWTH Aachen</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RWTH+Aachen&rft.atitle=Corporate+Design&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rwth-aachen.de%2Fcms%2Froot%2FDie-RWTH%2FEinrichtungen%2FVerwaltung%2FStabsstellen%2FMarketing%2F~eqbm%2FCorporate-Design%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARWTH+Aachen+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-facts_and_figures-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-facts_and_figures_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-facts_and_figures_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-facts_and_figures_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-facts_and_figures_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rwth-aachen.de/cms/root/Die-RWTH/Profil/~enw/Daten-Fakten/?lidx=1">"Facts and Figures"</a>. <i>RWTH Aachen</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RWTH+Aachen&rft.atitle=Facts+and+Figures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rwth-aachen.de%2Fcms%2Froot%2FDie-RWTH%2FProfil%2F~enw%2FDaten-Fakten%2F%3Flidx%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARWTH+Aachen+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeuna1999" class="citation book cs1">Geuna, Aldo (1999). "Patterns of university research in Europe". In Gambardella, Alfonso; Malerba, Franco (eds.). <i>The Organization of Economic Innovation in Europe</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 367–390. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-64303-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-64303-1"><bdi>0-521-64303-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Patterns+of+university+research+in+Europe&rft.btitle=The+Organization+of+Economic+Innovation+in+Europe&rft.pages=367-390&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-521-64303-1&rft.aulast=Geuna&rft.aufirst=Aldo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARWTH+Aachen+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeuna1999" class="citation book cs1">Geuna, Aldo (1999). <i>The Economics of Knowledge Production: Funding and the Structure of University Research</i>. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84064-028-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-84064-028-6"><bdi>1-84064-028-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Economics+of+Knowledge+Production%3A+Funding+and+the+Structure+of+University+Research&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-84064-028-6&rft.aulast=Geuna&rft.aufirst=Aldo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARWTH+Aachen+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerzog2020" class="citation book cs1">Herzog, Laura Mae Jacqueline (2020). Shin, Jung Cheol; Kehm, Barbara M (eds.). <i>Micro-Pollutant Regulation in the River Rhine: Cooperation in a Common-Pool Resource Problem Setting</i>. Springer. p. 276. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-007-4975-7">10.1007/978-94-007-4975-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-36769-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-36769-5"><bdi>978-3-030-36769-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Micro-Pollutant+Regulation+in+the+River+Rhine%3A+Cooperation+in+a+Common-Pool+Resource+Problem+Setting&rft.pages=276&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-94-007-4975-7&rft.isbn=978-3-030-36769-5&rft.aulast=Herzog&rft.aufirst=Laura+Mae+Jacqueline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARWTH+Aachen+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726202732/https://www.dfg.de/sites/exu-karte/en.html">"Excellence Strategy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dfg.de/sites/exu-karte/en.html">the original</a> on 26 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Excellence+Strategy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dfg.de%2Fsites%2Fexu-karte%2Fen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARWTH+Aachen+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bildung-Forschung-Kultur/Bildungsfinanzen-Ausbildungsfoerderung/Tabellen/professoren-einzelne-hochschulen-medizin.html">"Drittmitteleinnahmen und Drittmittel je Professorin und Professor der Universitäten"</a>. <i>Statistisches Bundesamt</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistisches+Bundesamt&rft.atitle=Drittmitteleinnahmen+und+Drittmittel+je+Professorin+und+Professor+der+Universit%C3%A4ten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.destatis.de%2FDE%2FThemen%2FGesellschaft-Umwelt%2FBildung-Forschung-Kultur%2FBildungsfinanzen-Ausbildungsfoerderung%2FTabellen%2Fprofessoren-einzelne-hochschulen-medizin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARWTH+Aachen+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://idealeague.org/who-we-are/">"Who We Are"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+We+Are&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fidealeague.org%2Fwho-we-are%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARWTH+Aachen+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archiv.rwth-aachen.de/rea/Seite/geschichte_18.htm">"Geschichte der RWTH Aachen"</a> [Archives of RWTH Aachen] (in German). RWTH Aachen University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090403075440/http://www.archiv.rwth-aachen.de/rea/Seite/geschichte_18.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geschichte+der+RWTH+Aachen&rft.pub=RWTH+Aachen+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archiv.rwth-aachen.de%2Frea%2FSeite%2Fgeschichte_18.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARWTH+Aachen+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spurensuche-ausstellung.de/brandis.php">"Spurensuche Ausstellung > Brandis"</a>. <i>spurensuche-ausstellung.de</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=spurensuche-ausstellung.de&rft.atitle=Spurensuche+Ausstellung+%3E+Brandis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spurensuche-ausstellung.de%2Fbrandis.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARWTH+Aachen+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Archives-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Archives_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archiv.rwth-aachen.de/rea/Seite/geschichte_45.htm">"Geschichte der RWTH Aachen"</a> [Archives of RWTH Aachen] (in German). RWTH Aachen University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090403075440/http://www.archiv.rwth-aachen.de/rea/Seite/geschichte_45.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geschichte+der+RWTH+Aachen&rft.pub=RWTH+Aachen+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archiv.rwth-aachen.de%2Frea%2FSeite%2Fgeschichte_45.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARWTH+Aachen+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RWTH_–_Facts_&_Figures,_p._13-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RWTH_–_Facts_&_Figures,_p._13_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RWTH_–_Facts_&_Figures,_p._13_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RWTH_–_Facts_&_Figures,_p._13_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUniversity" class="citation web cs1">University, RWTH Aachen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rwth-aachen.de/cms/root/Die-RWTH/Profil/~enw/Daten-Fakten/?lidx=1">"Facts and Figures – RWTH AACHEN UNIVERSITY – English"</a>. <i>www.rwth-aachen.de</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rwth-aachen.de&rft.atitle=Facts+and+Figures+%E2%80%93+RWTH+AACHEN+UNIVERSITY+%E2%80%93+English&rft.aulast=University&rft.aufirst=RWTH+Aachen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rwth-aachen.de%2Fcms%2Froot%2FDie-RWTH%2FProfil%2F~enw%2FDaten-Fakten%2F%3Flidx%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARWTH+Aachen+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-i5.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/i5new/publications/annualreports/i5_jb2007_2008.pdf">Annual report 2007/2008 of the Chair of Computer Science 5 (Information Systems)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170507102709/http://www-i5.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/i5new/publications/annualreports/i5_jb2007_2008.pdf">Archived</a> 7 May 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (retrieved 11 April 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bmbf.de/en/1321.php">Federal Ministry for Education and Research: <i>Initiative for Excellence</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150629100712/http://www.bmbf.de/en/1321.php">Archived</a> 29 June 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (retrieved 11 April 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090419055740/http://www.exzellenz.rwth-aachen.de/aw/cms/home/Startseite/~rzv/Exzellenzinitiative_an_der_RWTH_Aachen/?lang=en">"Excellence Initiative at RWTH Aachen University"</a>. RTWH Aachen University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exzellenz.rwth-aachen.de/aw/cms/home/Startseite/~rzv/Exzellenzinitiative_an_der_RWTH_Aachen/?lang=en">the original</a> on 19 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.spaceteamaachen.de&rft.atitle=Space+Team+Aachen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceteamaachen.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARWTH+Aachen+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techaachen.de/">"TechAachen — Technische studentische Vereine Aachen"</a>. <i>techaachen.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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style="color:white">RWTH Aachen University</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00529F; color:#fff;;width:1%">Faculties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RWTH_Aachen_Faculty_of_Mathematics,_Computer_science,_and_Natural_sciences" title="RWTH Aachen Faculty of Mathematics, Computer science, and Natural sciences">Mathematics, Computer science, and Natural sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RWTH_Aachen_Faculty_of_Architecture" title="RWTH Aachen Faculty of Architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RWTH_Aachen_Faculty_of_Civil_Engineering" title="RWTH Aachen Faculty of Civil Engineering">Civil Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RWTH_Aachen_Faculty_of_Mechanical_Engineering" title="RWTH Aachen Faculty of Mechanical Engineering">Mechanical Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RWTH_Aachen_Faculty_of_Georesources_and_Materials_Engineering" title="RWTH Aachen Faculty of Georesources and Materials Engineering">Georesources and Materials Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RWTH_Aachen_Faculty_of_Electrical_Engineering_and_Information_Technology" title="RWTH Aachen Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology">Electrical Engineering and Information Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RWTH_Aachen_Faculty_of_Arts_and_Humanities" title="RWTH Aachen Faculty of Arts and Humanities">Arts and Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RWTH_Aachen_Faculty_of_Business_and_Economics" title="RWTH Aachen Faculty of Business and Economics">Business and Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RWTH_Aachen_Faculty_of_Medicine" title="RWTH Aachen Faculty of Medicine">Medicine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Klinikum_Aachen" class="mw-redirect" title="Klinikum Aachen">University hospital</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RWTH_Logo_3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/RWTH_Logo_3.svg/150px-RWTH_Logo_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/RWTH_Logo_3.svg/225px-RWTH_Logo_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/RWTH_Logo_3.svg/300px-RWTH_Logo_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="98" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00529F; color:#fff;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Universities_Excellence_Initiative" title="German Universities Excellence Initiative"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Clusters of excellence</span></a> <br /> and graduate schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integrative_Production_Technology_for_High-Wage_Countries" title="Integrative Production Technology for High-Wage Countries">Integrative Production Technology for High-Wage Countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00529F; color:#fff;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_RWTH_Aachen_University_people" title="List of RWTH Aachen University people">List of RWTH Aachen University people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_staff_of_RWTH_Aachen_University" title="Category:Academic staff of RWTH Aachen University">Academic staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:RWTH_Aachen_University_alumni" title="Category:RWTH Aachen University alumni">Alumni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00529F; color:#fff;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_museum_Aachen" title="Computer museum Aachen">Computer museum Aachen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#00529F; color:#fff;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:RWTH_Aachen_University" title="Category:RWTH Aachen University"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Category</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Universities_and_colleges_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Universities_and_colleges_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template:Universities and colleges in North Rhine-Westphalia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Universities_and_colleges_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template talk:Universities and colleges in North Rhine-Westphalia"><abbr title="Discuss 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Bochum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cologne" title="University of Cologne">University of Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Sport_University_Cologne" title="German Sport University Cologne">German Sport University Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Dortmund" title="Technical University of Dortmund">Technical University of Dortmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Duisburg-Essen" title="University of Duisburg-Essen">University of Duisburg-Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine_University_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf">Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hagen" title="University of Hagen">University of Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="University of Münster">University of Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paderborn_University" title="Paderborn University">Paderborn University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Siegen" title="University of Siegen">University of Siegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witten/Herdecke_University" title="Witten/Herdecke University">Witten/Herdecke University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wuppertal" title="University of Wuppertal">University of Wuppertal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Media_Arts_Cologne" title="Academy of Media Arts Cologne">Academy of Media Arts Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alanus_University_of_Arts_and_Social_Sciences" title="Alanus University of Arts and Social Sciences">Alanus University of Arts and Social Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences">Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonn-Rhein-Sieg_University_of_Applied_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences">Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Cologne University of Applied Sciences">Cologne University of Applied Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund_University_of_Applied_Sciences_and_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts">Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochschule_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Hochschule Düsseldorf">Hochschule Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochschule_f%C3%BCr_Musik_und_Tanz_K%C3%B6ln" title="Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln">Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FH_Aachen" title="FH Aachen">FH Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FH_M%C3%BCnster" title="FH Münster">FH Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folkwang_University_of_the_Arts" title="Folkwang University of the Arts">Folkwang University of the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochschule_f%C3%BCr_Musik_Detmold" title="Hochschule für Musik Detmold">Hochschule für Musik Detmold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_School_of_Management,_Germany" title="International School of Management, Germany">International School of Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IUBH_University_of_Applied_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="IUBH University of Applied Sciences">IUBH University of Applied Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musikhochschule_M%C3%BCnster" title="Musikhochschule Münster">Musikhochschule Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine-Waal_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences">Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann_Hochschule" title="Robert Schumann Hochschule">Robert Schumann Hochschule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Westphalia_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences">South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technische_Hochschule_Georg_Agricola" title="Technische Hochschule Georg Agricola">Technische Hochschule Georg Agricola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technische_Hochschule_OWL" title="Technische Hochschule OWL">Technische Hochschule OWL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Universities_in_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Universities_in_Germany" title="Template:Universities in Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Universities_in_Germany" title="Template talk:Universities in Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Universities_in_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Universities in Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Universities_in_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Germany" title="List of universities in Germany">Universities in Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_University" title="Heidelberg University">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Freiburg" title="University of Freiburg">Freiburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_Institute_of_Technology" title="Karlsruhe Institute of Technology">Karlsruhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Konstanz" title="University of Konstanz">Konstanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mannheim" title="University of Mannheim">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hohenheim" title="University of Hohenheim">Hohenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Stuttgart" title="University of Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_T%C3%BCbingen" title="University of Tübingen">Tübingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ulm" title="University of Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeppelin_University" title="Zeppelin University">Zeppelin University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Augsburg" title="University of Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bamberg" title="University of Bamberg">Bamberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bayreuth" title="University of Bayreuth">Bayreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Eichst%C3%A4tt-Ingolstadt" title="Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt">Eichstätt-Ingolstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Erlangen%E2%80%93Nuremberg" title="University of Erlangen–Nuremberg">Erlangen-Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ingolstadt" title="University of Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">LMU Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr_University_Munich" title="Bundeswehr University Munich">BU Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Munich" title="Technical University of Munich">TU Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Free_University" title="Ukrainian Free University">Ukrainian Free University</a> in Munich</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Passau" title="University of Passau">Passau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Regensburg" title="University of Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="University of Würzburg">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_University_of_the_Arts" title="Berlin University of the Arts">Berlin University of the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_University_of_Berlin" title="Free University of Berlin">FU Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin" title="Humboldt University of Berlin">HU Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical University of Berlin">TU Berlin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_University_of_Technology" title="Brandenburg University of Technology">TU Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Viadrina" title="European University Viadrina">Frankfurt (Oder)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Potsdam" title="University of Potsdam">Potsdam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">Bremen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bremen" title="University of Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructor_University" title="Constructor University">Constructor University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hamburg" title="University of Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_University_of_Technology" title="Hamburg University of Technology">TU Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HafenCity_University_Hamburg" title="HafenCity University Hamburg">HafenCity University Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt_University" title="Helmut Schmidt University">Helmut Schmidt University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Darmstadt" title="Technische Universität Darmstadt">TU Darmstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt" title="Goethe University Frankfurt">Frankfurt (Main)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Giessen" title="University of Giessen">Giessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kassel" title="University of Kassel">Kassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Marburg" title="University of Marburg">Marburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Braunschweig" title="Technical University of Braunschweig">TU Braunschweig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clausthal_University_of_Technology" title="Clausthal University of Technology">TU Clausthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="University of Göttingen">Göttingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leibniz_University_Hannover" title="Leibniz University Hannover">Hannover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hildesheim" title="University of Hildesheim">Hildesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuphana_University_of_L%C3%BCneburg" title="Leuphana University of Lüneburg">Lüneburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oldenburg" title="University of Oldenburg">Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck_University" title="Osnabrück University">Osnabrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Vechta" title="University of Vechta">Vechta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Greifswald" title="University of Greifswald">Greifswald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rostock" title="University of Rostock">Rostock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld_University" title="Bielefeld University">Bielefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhr_University_Bochum" title="Ruhr University Bochum">Bochum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cologne" title="University of Cologne">Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Dortmund" title="Technical University of Dortmund">TU Dortmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Duisburg-Essen" title="University of Duisburg-Essen">Duisburg-Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine_University_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hagen" title="University of Hagen">Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="University of Münster">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paderborn_University" title="Paderborn University">Paderborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Siegen" title="University of Siegen">Siegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witten/Herdecke_University" title="Witten/Herdecke University">Witten/Herdecke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wuppertal" title="University of Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kaiserslautern-Landau" title="University of Kaiserslautern-Landau">University of Kaiserslautern-Landau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Koblenz" title="University of Koblenz">University of Koblenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mainz" title="University of Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_University_of_Administrative_Sciences_Speyer" title="German University of Administrative Sciences Speyer">Speyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Trier" title="University of Trier">Trier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saarland_University" title="Saarland University">Saarland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz_University_of_Technology" title="Chemnitz University of Technology">TU Chemnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TU_Dresden" title="TU Dresden">TU Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freiberg_University_of_Mining_and_Technology" title="Freiberg University of Mining and Technology">TU Freiberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig_University" title="Leipzig University">Leipzig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_University_Halle-Wittenberg" title="Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg">Halle-Wittenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Guericke_University_Magdeburg" title="Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Flensburg" title="University of Flensburg">Flensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiel_University" title="Kiel University">Kiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_L%C3%BCbeck" title="University of Lübeck">Lübeck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Erfurt" title="University of Erfurt">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Ilmenau" title="Technische Universität Ilmenau">TU Ilmenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Jena" title="University of Jena">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus_University,_Weimar" title="Bauhaus University, Weimar">Weimar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="German_Excellence_Universities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:German_Excellence_Universities" title="Template:German Excellence Universities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:German_Excellence_Universities" title="Template talk:German Excellence Universities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:German_Excellence_Universities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:German Excellence Universities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="German_Excellence_Universities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/German_Universities_Excellence_Initiative" title="German Universities Excellence Initiative">German Excellence Universities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">RWTH Aachen</a> (2007–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_University_of_Berlin" title="Free University of Berlin">Free University of Berlin</a> (2007–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin" title="Humboldt University of Berlin">Humboldt University of Berlin</a> (2012–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical University of Berlin">Technical University of Berlin</a> (2019–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charit%C3%A9" title="Charité">Charité</a> (2019–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a> (2019–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TU_Dresden" title="TU Dresden">TU Dresden</a> (2012–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hamburg" title="University of Hamburg">University of Hamburg</a> (2019–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_University" title="Heidelberg University">University of Heidelberg</a> (2007–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_Institute_of_Technology" title="Karlsruhe Institute of Technology">Karlsruhe Institute of Technology</a> (2006–2012; 2019–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Konstanz" title="University of Konstanz">University of Konstanz</a> (2007–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich</a> (2006–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Munich" title="Technical University of Munich">Technical University of Munich</a> (2006–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_T%C3%BCbingen" title="University of Tübingen">University of Tübingen</a> (2012–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bremen" title="University of Bremen">University of Bremen</a> (2012–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cologne" title="University of Cologne">University of Cologne</a> (2012–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Freiburg" title="University of Freiburg">University of Freiburg</a> (2007–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="University of Göttingen">University of Göttingen</a> (2007–2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Germany&#124;link=Germany_TU9_German_Institutes_of_Technology_e.V." style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link 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href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Darmstadt" title="Technische Universität Darmstadt">TU Darmstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TU_Dresden" title="TU Dresden">TU Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leibniz_University_Hannover" title="Leibniz University Hannover">Leibniz University Hannover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_Institute_of_Technology" title="Karlsruhe Institute of Technology">Karlsruhe Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Munich" title="Technical University of Munich">TU Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Stuttgart" title="University of Stuttgart">University of Stuttgart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Top_International_Managers_in_Engineering_(T.I.M.E.)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Top_International_Managers_in_Engineering" title="Template:Top International Managers in Engineering"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Top_International_Managers_in_Engineering" title="Template talk:Top International Managers in Engineering"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Top_International_Managers_in_Engineering" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Top International Managers in Engineering"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Top_International_Managers_in_Engineering_(T.I.M.E.)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Top_International_Managers_in_Engineering" title="Top International Managers in Engineering">Top International Managers in Engineering (T.I.M.E.)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TU_Wien" title="TU Wien">Vienna Tech</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Belgium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Engineering_of_the_University_of_Mons" title="Faculty of Engineering of the University of Mons">Engineering at Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCLouvain" title="UCLouvain">UCLouvain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_libre_de_Bruxelles" title="Université libre de Bruxelles">Libre de Bruxelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="University of Liège">Liège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrije_Universiteit_Brussel" title="Vrije Universiteit Brussel">Vrije Brussel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beihang_University" title="Beihang University">Beihang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Jiaotong_University" title="Xi'an Jiaotong University">Xi'an Jiaotong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Czechia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Technical_University_in_Prague" title="Czech Technical University in Prague">Czech Tech Prague</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Denmark" title="Technical University of Denmark">Technical Denmark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aalto_University" title="Aalto University">Aalto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centrale_Graduate_School" title="Centrale Graduate School">Centrale Graduate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_centrale_de_Lille" class="mw-redirect" title="École centrale de Lille">Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_centrale_de_Lyon" title="École centrale de Lyon">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_centrale_de_Marseille" class="mw-redirect" title="École centrale de Marseille">Marseille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_centrale_de_Nantes" title="École centrale de Nantes">Nantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Centrale_Paris" title="École Centrale Paris">Paris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sup%C3%A9lec" title="Supélec">Supélec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_sup%C3%A9rieur_de_l%27a%C3%A9ronautique_et_de_l%27espace" title="Institut supérieur de l'aéronautique et de l'espace">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ENSTA_Paris" title="ENSTA Paris">ENSTA Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_ponts_ParisTech" title="École des ponts ParisTech">École des ponts ParisTech</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">RWTH Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical University of Berlin">Tech Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Darmstadt" title="Technische Universität Darmstadt">Tech Darmstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TU_Dresden" title="TU Dresden">TU Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Munich" title="Technical University of Munich">Tech Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leibniz_University_Hannover" title="Leibniz University Hannover">Leibniz Hannover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle_University_of_Thessaloniki" title="Aristotle University of Thessaloniki">Aristotle Thessaloniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Technical_University_of_Athens" title="National Technical University of Athens">National Tech Athens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hungary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_University_of_Technology_and_Economics" title="Budapest University of Technology and Economics">Budapest Tech and Economics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Turin" title="Polytechnic University of Turin">Poly Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Milan" title="Polytechnic University of Milan">Poly Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Padua" title="University of Padua">Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Trento" title="University of Trento">Trento</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Norwegian University of Science and Technology">Norwegian ST</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Wrocław University of Science and Technology">Wrocław ST</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Superior_T%C3%A9cnico" title="Instituto Superior Técnico">Instituto Superior Técnico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauman_Moscow_State_Technical_University" title="Bauman Moscow State Technical University">Bauman Moscow State Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIREA_%E2%80%93_Russian_Technological_University" title="MIREA – Russian Technological University">Russian Techn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomsk_Polytechnic_University" title="Tomsk Polytechnic University">Tomsk Poly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comillas_Pontifical_University" title="Comillas Pontifical University">Comillas Pontifical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Valencia" title="Technical University of Valencia">Tech Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Catalonia" title="Polytechnic University of Catalonia">Poly Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Madrid" title="Technical University of Madrid">Tech Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Seville" title="University of Seville">Seville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sweden</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalmers_University_of_Technology" title="Chalmers University of Technology">Chalmers Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTH_Royal_Institute_of_Technology" title="KTH Royal Institute of Technology">KTH Royal Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Engineering,_Lund_University" title="Faculty of Engineering, Lund University">Engeering at Lund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Switzerland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_de_Lausanne" title="École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne">EPFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETH_Zurich" title="ETH Zurich">ETH Zurich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Technical_University" title="Istanbul Technical University">Istanbul Tech</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UK</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="Queen's University Belfast">Queen's Belfast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">European University Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Society_for_Engineering_Education" title="European Society for Engineering Education">European Society for Engineering Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Federation_of_National_Engineering_Associations" title="European Federation of National Engineering Associations">European Federation of National Engineering Associations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="IDEA_League" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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href="/wiki/Delft_University_of_Technology" title="Delft University of Technology">Delft University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETH_Zurich" title="ETH Zurich">ETH Zurich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Milan" title="Polytechnic University of Milan">Polytechnic University of Milan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">RWTH Aachen University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="CESAER" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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Technology">Chalmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_de_Lausanne" title="École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne">EPFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETH_Zurich" title="ETH Zurich">ETH Zurich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_University_of_Technology" title="Gdańsk University of Technology">Gdańsk University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghent_University" title="Ghent University">Ghent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graz_University_of_Technology" title="Graz University of Technology">Graz University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble_Alpes_University" title="Grenoble Alpes University">Grenoble Alpes University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_des_sciences_Appliqu%C3%A9es_de_Lyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut national des sciences Appliquées de Lyon">INSA de Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_Polytechnique_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut Polytechnique de Paris">IP Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Superior_T%C3%A9cnico" title="Instituto Superior Técnico">IST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Technical_University" title="Istanbul Technical University">ITU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_Institute_of_Technology" title="Karlsruhe Institute of Technology">KIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Kyiv Polytechnic Institute">KPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Institute of Technology">KTH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KU_Leuven" title="KU Leuven">KU Leuven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leibniz_University_Hannover" title="Leibniz University Hannover">Leibniz University Hannover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lund_University" title="Lund University">Lund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_University_of_Lisbon" class="mw-redirect" title="New University of Lisbon">NOVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Norwegian University of Science and Technology">NTNU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris-Saclay" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Paris-Saclay">Paris-Saclay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ParisTech" title="ParisTech">ParisTech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Turin" title="Polytechnic University of Turin">POLITO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Milan" title="Polytechnic University of Milan">Polytechnic University of Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Porto" title="University of Porto">Porto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politehnica_University_of_Bucharest" title="Politehnica University of Bucharest">PUB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84_University_of_Technology" title="Poznań University of Technology">PUT</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">RWTH Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Sapienza University of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sheffield" 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University of Valencia">UPV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">UCD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273263#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273263#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273263#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/542917/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/36225-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80040320">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121751445">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121751445">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36429238">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2002112483&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4858081">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/92001746">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007266914305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058528623306706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01383776?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500304397">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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