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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_postwar_motor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 First postwar motor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_postwar_motor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1950s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1950s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 1950s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1950s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Toy_manufacturing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toy_manufacturing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Toy manufacturing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toy_manufacturing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 Exports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 1960s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Audio_equipment_and_timepieces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audio_equipment_and_timepieces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 Audio equipment and timepieces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audio_equipment_and_timepieces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slot_cars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slot_cars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 Slot cars </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slot_cars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Embezzlement_of_company_funds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Embezzlement_of_company_funds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.3 Embezzlement of company funds </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Embezzlement_of_company_funds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production_in_Hong_Kong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production_in_Hong_Kong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.4 Production in Hong Kong </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production_in_Hong_Kong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Offices_in_US_and_Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offices_in_US_and_Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.5 Offices in US and Germany </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Offices_in_US_and_Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production_in_Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production_in_Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.6 Production in Taiwan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production_in_Taiwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 1970s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_"custom_made"_problem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_"custom_made"_problem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.1 The "custom made" problem </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_"custom_made"_problem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Product_standardization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Product_standardization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.2 Product standardization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Product_standardization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cheaper_boomboxes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cheaper_boomboxes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.3 Cheaper boomboxes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cheaper_boomboxes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ATMs_and_car_mirrors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ATMs_and_car_mirrors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.4 ATMs and car mirrors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ATMs_and_car_mirrors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 1980s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-VCRs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#VCRs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.1 VCRs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-VCRs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portable_CD_players" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portable_CD_players"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.2 Portable CD players </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portable_CD_players-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Initial_public_offering_(IPO)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_public_offering_(IPO)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.3 Initial public offering (IPO) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_public_offering_(IPO)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Power_windows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Power_windows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.4 Power windows </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Power_windows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 1990s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mabuchi_Technology_Center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mabuchi_Technology_Center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.1 Mabuchi Technology Center </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mabuchi_Technology_Center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Factories_in_mainland_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Factories_in_mainland_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.2 Factories in mainland China </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Factories_in_mainland_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manufacturing_in_Vietnam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacturing_in_Vietnam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.3 Manufacturing in Vietnam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacturing_in_Vietnam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 2000s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ISO_14001_certification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISO_14001_certification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7.1 ISO 14001 certification </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISO_14001_certification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Home_invasion,_murder_and_arson" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_invasion,_murder_and_arson"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7.2 Home invasion, murder and arson </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_invasion,_murder_and_arson-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Power_seat_motor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Power_seat_motor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7.3 Power seat motor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Power_seat_motor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethical_standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethical_standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7.4 Ethical standards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethical_standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_officer_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_officer_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7.5 Corporate officer system </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_officer_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 2010s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-China_Business_Unit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China_Business_Unit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8.1 China Business Unit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China_Business_Unit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Printer/scanner/copier_motors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Printer/scanner/copier_motors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8.2 Printer/scanner/copier motors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Printer/scanner/copier_motors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Building_Mexico_Mabuchi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building_Mexico_Mabuchi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8.3 Building Mexico Mabuchi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Building_Mexico_Mabuchi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Company_strategy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Company_strategy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Company strategy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Company_strategy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Company strategy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Company_strategy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Worldwide_presence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Worldwide_presence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Worldwide presence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Worldwide_presence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_and_sales_offices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_and_sales_offices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Administrative and sales offices </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_and_sales_offices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manufacturing_plants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacturing_plants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 Manufacturing plants </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacturing_plants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_and_development_facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_and_development_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.3 Research and development facilities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_and_development_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_internship_program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_internship_program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.4 Global internship program </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_internship_program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_financial_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_financial_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Main financial institutions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_financial_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_clients" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_clients"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Major clients </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_clients-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manufacturing_and_product_lines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacturing_and_product_lines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Manufacturing and product lines </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Manufacturing_and_product_lines-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Manufacturing and product lines subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Manufacturing_and_product_lines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Automotive_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Automotive_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Automotive products </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Automotive_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consumer_and_industrial_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consumer_and_industrial_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Consumer and industrial products </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consumer_and_industrial_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Personal_care_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_care_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 Personal care products </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_care_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Power_tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Power_tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.2 Power tools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Power_tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_and_wellness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_and_wellness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.3 Health and wellness </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_and_wellness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bikes,_toys_and_household_goods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bikes,_toys_and_household_goods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.4 Bikes, toys and household goods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bikes,_toys_and_household_goods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Precision_and_office_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Precision_and_office_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.5 Precision and office equipment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Precision_and_office_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Audiovisual_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audiovisual_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.6 Audiovisual equipment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audiovisual_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_specifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_specifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Technical specifications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_specifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Motor_parts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motor_parts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.1 Motor parts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motor_parts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theory_behind_motors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theory_behind_motors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.2 Theory behind motors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theory_behind_motors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Factors_affecting_motor_performance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Factors_affecting_motor_performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.3 Factors affecting motor performance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Factors_affecting_motor_performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_record" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_record"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Environmental record </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Environmental_record-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Environmental record subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Environmental_record-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Environmental_management_system_and_guidelines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_management_system_and_guidelines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Environmental management system and guidelines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_management_system_and_guidelines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy_conservation,_recycling_and_waste_reduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_conservation,_recycling_and_waste_reduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Energy conservation, recycling and waste reduction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_conservation,_recycling_and_waste_reduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Environmental activities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_social_responsibility_(CSR)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_social_responsibility_(CSR)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Corporate social responsibility (CSR) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_social_responsibility_(CSR)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Mabuchi Motor</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabuchi_Motor" title="Mabuchi Motor – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mabuchi Motor" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="مابوچی موتور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مابوچی موتور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabuchi_Motor" title="Mabuchi Motor – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mabuchi Motor" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Japanese motor manufacturing company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Mabuchi Motor Company</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Mabuchi_Motor_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Mabuchi_Motor_logo.svg/220px-Mabuchi_Motor_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Mabuchi_Motor_logo.svg/330px-Mabuchi_Motor_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Mabuchi_Motor_logo.svg/440px-Mabuchi_Motor_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="154" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Headquarters_im02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Headquarters_im02.jpg/220px-Headquarters_im02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Headquarters_im02.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="198" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Mabuchi Motor head office</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native name</div></th><td class="infobox-data">マブチモーター株式会社</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Stock_Exchange" title="Tokyo Stock Exchange">TYO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.jpx.co.jp/tseHpFront/StockSearch.do?callJorEFlg=1&method=topsearch&topSearchStr=6592">6592</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category">Small DC motors</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data">Kansai Rika Kenkyusho (a scientific research institute), followed by Tokyo Science Industrial Co. Ltd., Japan Science and Industry Co. Ltd., Mabuchi Shoji Co. Ltd., Mabuchi Industrial Co., Ltd., and Tokyo Science Co., Ltd.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1946; 78 years ago (1946)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Kenichi Mabuchi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label">430 Matsuhidai 270-2280, <div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Matsudo,_Chiba" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsudo, Chiba">Matsudo, Chiba</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">Japan</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of locations</div></th><td class="infobox-data">10 sales offices, 13 factories and 2 R&D centers</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">World</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Hiroo Okoshi (<a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a>)</li><li>Shinji Kamei (<a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">chairman</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data">Small electric motors for automobiles, audiovisual equipment, home appliances, power tools, toys, etc.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production output</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.4 billion small <a href="/wiki/DC_motor" title="DC motor">DC motors</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">¥</a>108.401 billion</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />¥9.335 billion</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />¥10.519 billion</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />¥227.253 billion</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />¥20.704 billion</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data">Major shareholders include: Takaichi Mabuchi (7.2%); Mabuchi International Scholarship Foundation (4.3%); Japan Trustee Services Bank, Ltd. (Trust) (4.3%); The Master Trust Bank of Japan, Ltd. (Trust) (3.9%); Takashi Mabuchi (3.0%); Tamotsu Mabuchi (3.0%); Premiere Corporation (3.0%); Taka Corporation Co., Ltd. (3.0%); TEXAS Inc. (2.7%); The Bank of New York Non-Treaty JASDEC Account (1.9%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />25,843 worldwide, 740 in headquarters</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Division_(business)" title="Division (business)">Divisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Internal Audit Dept., Business Platform Innovation HQ, Cross Functional Team, IT, Corporate Planning, Admin. HQ, Operations Control HQ, Sales & Marketing HQ, R&D HQ, Quality Assurance</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data">21 in total located in USA, Mexico, Germany, China & Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, Vietnam, and Singapore</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mabuchi-motor.co.jp/">Official website</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Footnotes / references All numbers, except for number of employees (2015), are for 2014 and taken from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mabuchi-motor.co.jp/ja_JP/investor/pdfs_an/an2014.pdf">2014 annual report</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Mabuchi Motor Company (マブチモーター株式会社, Mabuchi Mōtā Kabushiki Kaisha) is a Japanese manufacturing company based in <a href="/wiki/Matsudo,_Chiba" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsudo, Chiba">Matsudo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiba_Prefecture" title="Chiba Prefecture">Chiba Prefecture</a>, Japan. It is the world's largest manufacturer by volume of small <a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">electric motors</a>, producing over 1.4 billion motors annually.<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> The company employs 24,286 people in its production division, 755 in its administrative division, 583 in its R&D division, and 219 in its sales division.<a href="#cite_note-:8-2">[2]</a> Mabuchi Motor holds 70% of the market for motors used with automotive <a href="/wiki/Wing_mirror" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing mirror">door mirrors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_door#Door_locks_and_latches" class="mw-redirect" title="Vehicle door">door locks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Air_conditioner" class="mw-redirect" title="Air conditioner">air conditioning</a> <a href="/wiki/Damper_(flow)" title="Damper (flow)">damper</a> <a href="/wiki/Actuator" title="Actuator">actuators</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Sales of <a href="/wiki/Power_window" title="Power window">power window lifter motors</a> are on the rise.<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> The company's ratio of consolidated markets is 64.3% automotive products and 35.7% consumer and industrial products.<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> Applications for Mabuchi <a href="/wiki/Brushed_DC_electric_motor" title="Brushed DC electric motor">brushed DC electric motors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brushless_electric_motor" class="mw-redirect" title="Brushless electric motor">brushless electric motors</a> include power drills, lawn mowers, vibrating cell phones and video game controllers, vibrators, vacuum cleaners, toy cars and planes, CD, DVD and Blu-ray players, digital cameras, computer printers, electric fans, electric razors, washing machines, electric tooth brushes, and blow dryers.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_governance">Corporate governance</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Corporate governance">edit</a>]</div> Mabuchi Motor's head office is located near Matsuhidai station on the Hokuso line linking Narita airport with downtown Tokyo.<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a> The company is managed by a board of directors which includes two outside directors.<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> For the purpose of creating an environment for investors to invest more easily and for expanding liquidity and enlarging the investor base of the stock, Mabuchi Motor split each share of its common stock into two shares on January 1, 2015, with the number of shares outstanding rising from 37.875 million in 2014 to 70.927 million in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-:8-2">[2]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Position </th></tr> <tr> <td>Takaichi Mabuchi </td> <td>Honorary Chairman </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shinji Kamei </td> <td>Chairman and representative director </td></tr> <tr> <td>Taniguchi Shinichi </td> <td>President & CEO. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Emura Hiroshi </td> <td>Chairman & CEO Quality Assurance Section. (México subsidiary) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tadashi Takahashi </td> <td>Managing executive officer, general manager of R&D and director </td></tr> <tr> <td>Masato Itokawa </td> <td>Executive officer, general manager of Quality Assurance Dept. and director </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tadahito Iyoda </td> <td>Executive officer, general manager of admin. headquarters and director </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hirotaro Katayama </td> <td>Executive officer, general manager of operations control and director </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iwao Nakamura </td> <td>Outside director </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ichiro Hashimoto </td> <td>Outside director </td></tr> <tr> <td>Masahiro Gennaka </td> <td>Audit & supervisory board member (Full-time) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Keiichi Horii </td> <td>Audit & supervisory board member (outside) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nobutaka Motohashi </td> <td>Audit & supervisory board member (outside) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Toru Masuda </td> <td>Audit & supervisory board member (outside) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tsuyoshi Nakamura </td> <td>General manager of sales & marketing </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kazuyuki Someya </td> <td>President of Mabuchi Industry Co., Ltd. (Hong Kong subsidiary) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eiji Uenishi </td> <td>Deputy general manager of research and development </td></tr> <tr> <td>Akihiko Kitahashi </td> <td>In Charge of Taiwanese business </td></tr> <tr> <td>Katsuhiko Katayama </td> <td>In Charge of Chinese business </td></tr> <tr> <td>Makoto Kimura </td> <td>President of Mabuchi Industry Co., Ltd. (México subsidiary) </td></tr></tbody></table> Takaichi Mabuchi, the company's co-founder and honorary chairman since March 28, 2013, has also served as president and chairman of Mabuchi Motor Co., Ltd.<a href="#cite_note-:12-6">[6]</a> Shinji Kamei, chairman of Mabuchi Motor Co. Ltd., since March 28, 2013, has served as the chief executive officer and president at Mabuchi Motor Co. Ltd.<a href="#cite_note-:13-7">[7]</a> Kamei also serves as its representative director.<a href="#cite_note-:13-7">[7]</a> Hiroo Okoshi has been chief executive officer and president of Mabuchi Motor Co. Ltd. since March 28, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-:14-8">[8]</a> Okoshi previously served as an executive officer and general manager of administration headquarters and as general manager of Corporate Planning Department. He has been a director since March 2011.<a href="#cite_note-:14-8">[8]</a> Tadashi Takahashi has been a managing executive officer of Mabuchi Motor Co. Ltd. since March 27, 2015.<a href="#cite_note-:15-9">[9]</a> Takahashi has also been general manager of Research & Development Headquarters since March 28, 2013, and he served as executive officer from March 28, 2013, to March 27, 2015.<a href="#cite_note-:15-9">[9]</a> Takahashi was general manager of Production Engineering Innovation Center of research and development Headquarters until March 28, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-:15-9">[9]</a> He has been a director since March 28, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-:15-9">[9]</a> Masato Itokawa serves as general manager of Quality Assurance Department and executive officer.<a href="#cite_note-:16-10">[10]</a> He has been a director since March 28, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-:16-10">[10]</a> Tadahito Iyoda has been a general manager of Administration Headquarters and executive officer since March 28, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-:17-11">[11]</a> Iyoda previously served as general manager of the Corporate Planning Department and was also president of Mabuchi Motor at its headquarters in Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-:17-11">[11]</a> Hirotarou Katayama has been general manager of operations control headquarters since July 2014 and serves as its executive officer.<a href="#cite_note-:18-12">[12]</a> Katayama has been a director since March 27, 2015.<a href="#cite_note-:18-12">[12]</a> Iwao Nakamura has been an outside director of Mabuchi Motor Co. Ltd., since March 28, 2013 and of Nagase & Co. Ltd. since 2009.<a href="#cite_note-:19-13">[13]</a> He previously served as executive officer at Nagase & Co. Ltd. and president of Nissan Diesel Motor Co. Ltd. of Volvo AB from 2002 to May 11, 2007.<a href="#cite_note-:19-13">[13]</a> Nakamura was president of Nissan Diesel at AB Volvo from 2002 to July 11, 2007.<a href="#cite_note-:19-13">[13]</a> Nakamura also presently serves as a director of Nissan Diesel Motor Co. Ltd.<a href="#cite_note-:19-13">[13]</a> Ichiro Hashimoto has been an outside director of Mabuchi Motor Co., Ltd., since March 27, 2015.<a href="#cite_note-:20-14">[14]</a> He also serves as the chief operating officer of Niigata Power Systems Co., Ltd. and once served as its president.<a href="#cite_note-:20-14">[14]</a> In April 1970, Hashimoto joined Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. (IHI) and has been its director since April, 2008.<a href="#cite_note-:20-14">[14]</a> Hashimoto served as an executive vice president of IHI Corporation since April 2010.<a href="#cite_note-:20-14">[14]</a> Since July 1998, Hashimoto served as head of Soma Works of Aero-Engine & Space Operations of IHI, and served as its executive officer and president of <a href="/wiki/Power_system_operations" class="mw-redirect" title="Power system operations">Power System Operations</a>, managing executive officer and president of Energy and Plants Operations since January 2008, managing executive officer and president of Energy and Plants Operations since April 2008.<a href="#cite_note-:20-14">[14]</a> He served as the senior executive officer, managing executive officer and executive officer of IHI Corporation.<a href="#cite_note-:20-14">[14]</a> He served as a director of IHI Corporation starting in April 2010.<a href="#cite_note-:20-14">[14]</a> Since June 2012, he has been a corporate advisor of IHI.<a href="#cite_note-:20-14">[14]</a> Masahiro Gennaka serves as full-time statutory auditor.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Keiichi Horii serves as an outside statutory auditor.<a href="#cite_note-:21-16">[16]</a> Horii has also been an auditor of Sanwa Soko Co. Ltd. since June 2011.<a href="#cite_note-:21-16">[16]</a> He became a registered lawyer (Dai-ichi Tokyo Bar Association) in April 1979.<a href="#cite_note-:21-16">[16]</a> He was a partner of Harada, Uchida, and Sugiyama Law Office (now Toranomon Minami Law Office) since January 1995.<a href="#cite_note-:21-16">[16]</a> Nobutaka Motohashi has been an outside statutory auditor of Mabuchi Motor Co., Ltd. since March 2012 and NAGAWA Co., Ltd. since June of that year. He has also been a representative at CPA Motohashi Nobutaka Office since July 2008.<a href="#cite_note-:22-17">[17]</a> Motohashi served as a representative partner at audit corporation Ernst & Young ShinNihon LLC (formerly, Eiko Accountants Office) since May 1976.<a href="#cite_note-:22-17">[17]</a> He joined audit corporation Ernst & Young ShinNihon LLC (formerly Ike Shoichi Office) in June 1971.<a href="#cite_note-:22-17">[17]</a> Motohashi was registered as a certified public accountant in March 1973.<a href="#cite_note-:22-17">[17]</a> He withdrew from Ernst & Young ShinNihon LLC (formerly Shin-Nihon Audit Corporation) in June 2008.<a href="#cite_note-:22-17">[17]</a> Toru Masuda serves as an outside statutory auditor.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Tsuyoshi Nakamura serves as general manager of sales & marketing headquarters and executive officer.<a href="#cite_note-:23-19">[19]</a> Nakamura formerly served as deputy general manager of Sales & Marketing Headquarters starting on March 28, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-:23-19">[19]</a> Nakamura served as the general manager of Sales Department 3 of the Sales & Marketing Headquarters until March 28, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-:23-19">[19]</a> Kazuyuki Someya serves as president of Mabuchi Industry Co., Ltd. (Mabuchi's Hong Kong based subsidiary).<a href="#cite_note-:24-20">[20]</a> Someya has also served as the general manager of the Accounting and Finance, Dept., Administration Headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-:24-20">[20]</a> Eiji Uenishi is deputy general manager of research and development.<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> Akihiko Kitahashi is the executive in charge of Taiwanese business.<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> Katsuhiko Katayama is the executive In Charge of Chinese Business.<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial_results">Financial results</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Financial results">edit</a>]</div> Year over year, Mabuchi Motor grew revenues from ¥108.4 billion JPY to ¥122.5 billion JPY.<a href="#cite_note-:25-21">[21]</a> Moreover, the company has been able to reduce the percentage of sales devoted to cost of goods sold from 75.23% to 70.94%.<a href="#cite_note-:25-21">[21]</a> This was a driver that led to a bottom line growth from ¥10.5 billion JPY to ¥18.1 billion JPY.<a href="#cite_note-:25-21">[21]</a> Net sales for fiscal year 2014 were ¥122.544 billion.<a href="#cite_note-:8-2">[2]</a> Mabuchi forecasts sales of ¥141 billion for 2015.<a href="#cite_note-:8-2">[2]</a> Gross profit for fiscal year 2014 was ¥35.614 billion.<a href="#cite_note-:8-2">[2]</a> The company expects gross profit to rise to ¥42.7 billion by year-end 2015.<a href="#cite_note-:8-2">[2]</a> China and Hong Kong comprised the largest regional market, at 34.8% of sales by region.<a href="#cite_note-:8-2">[2]</a> This was followed by Asia Pacific at 24.7%, Europe at 20.3%, North and Latin America at 12.3% and Japan at 7.9%.<a href="#cite_note-:8-2">[2]</a> Capital expenditures for 2015 are expected to rise to ¥16.202 billion from ¥9.597 billion in 2014, in part due to the construction of new manufacturing facilities in Aguascalientes, Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-:8-2">[2]</a> The factory is scheduled to begin production in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-:8-2">[2]</a> R&D personnel will rise from 432 in 2014 to 464 in 2015, with R&D expenditures rising commensurately from ¥4.503 billion in 2014 to ¥5.27 billion in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-:8-2">[2]</a> Total assets rose from ¥223.689 billion in June, 2014 to ¥259.129 billion in June, 2015, while inventories rose from ¥23.509 billion to ¥31.473 billion during the same period.<a href="#cite_note-:8-2">[2]</a> Mabuchi's basic dividend policy is to collect funds for research and development and capital investment, which are required for the company's growth and development, from internal reserves, to maintain financial soundness, and actively to carry out paying long-term stable dividends and returning Mabuchi's profits such as dividend increase and stock split according to performance.<a href="#cite_note-:8-2">[2]</a> The ordinary dividend is annually ¥30 per share of common stock as a long-term stable dividend, plus a special dividend based on business results, which is calculated by dividing 30% of consolidated net income by the number of total stocks.<a href="#cite_note-:8-2">[2]</a> In 2012, the cash dividend per share was ¥50.<a href="#cite_note-:8-2">[2]</a> The cash dividend forecast for 2015 is ¥105 per share.<a href="#cite_note-:8-2">[2]</a> As of June, 2015, the composition of shareholders by category is 37.4% foreign companies, 22.5% individuals and others, 21.9% financial institutions, 15.3% domestic (Japanese) companies, 2.1% treasury stock and 0.9% financial instruments firms.<a href="#cite_note-:8-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1930s-1940s">1930s-1940s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1930s-1940s">edit</a>]</div> As an elementary school student living in <a href="/wiki/Takamatsu,_Kagawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Takamatsu, Kagawa">Takamatsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kagawa_Prefecture" title="Kagawa Prefecture">Kagawa Prefecture</a> in the 1930s, Kenichi Mabuchi, the son of a tin plate factory owner, enjoyed inventing things such as a homemade washing machine, bamboo toy guns, helicopters, and a model boat that ran on alcohol (and which exploded and burned him when he switched out the alcohol for gasoline).<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Junior_high_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior high school">junior high school</a>, Kenichi won the 5th <a href="/wiki/Shikoku" title="Shikoku">Shikoku</a> Model Airplane Tournament, beating his adult competition by crafting the plane with the longest flight duration.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_II">World War II</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War II">edit</a>]</div> Kenichi's brother, Takaichi, was ten years younger, and loved making things with his older brother.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Takaichi entered a technical junior high school, but on the night of July 3, 1945, Takaichi's school was destroyed in the <a href="/wiki/Air_raids_on_Japan" title="Air raids on Japan">firebombing</a> of Takamatsu by <a href="/wiki/B-29" class="mw-redirect" title="B-29">US B-29 warplanes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> In order to survive food shortages, their father sold the family's factory and put the brothers to work in the fields.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> But Kenichi soon quit working on the farm.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> He gathered his friends and scoured the burned ruins for metal and copper wire to use in making <a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">simple DC motors</a> as educational tools for use in elementary schools.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> This "School Motor" sold well, and in 1946 Kenichi Mabuchi founded Kansai Rika Kenkyusho, a scientific research institute.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_postwar_motor">First postwar motor</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: First postwar motor">edit</a>]</div> In the summer of 1947, after a company in <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a> copied the design of the school motor, Kenichi realized the value of patent applications, then went back to the drawing board and invented the world's first high performance, "horseshoe-shaped" magnetic DC motor.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Takaichi turned 18, left the farm, and began working with Kenichi in sales.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1950s">1950s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1950s">edit</a>]</div> In 1951, as Japanese <a href="/wiki/Wind-up_toy" title="Wind-up toy">wind-up toys</a> lost credibility in the marketplace due to the introduction of power toys overseas, with exports dropping to 20% of the previous year, the Mabuchi brothers managed to secure a contract to supply the motor needs of a toy car manufacturer in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Since their factory in <a href="/wiki/Takamatsu,_Kagawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Takamatsu, Kagawa">Takamatsu</a> was originally a sheet metal plant and had already reached capacity, Kenichi and Takaichi decided to relocate with 10 key employees and build a new factory in Tokyo, near their principal customer. On January 18, 1954, using their patent for a new, smaller horseshoe-shaped motor as collateral to raise sufficient <a href="/wiki/Capital_accumulation" title="Capital accumulation">capital</a>, the brothers established Tokyo Science Industrial Co., Ltd. for the production of small electric motors for toys and scientific apparatuses, with Kenichi Mabuchi as managing director and Takaichi Mabuchi as executive director.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Takaichi soon had an idea for a new type of motor to power larger toys.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Crafted from an alloy of <a href="/wiki/Iron_ore" title="Iron ore">iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aluminum_compounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum compounds">aluminum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a>, Takaichi's patented "alnico motor" proved more powerful than the one his older brother invented and just as easy to mass-produce.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Toy_manufacturing">Toy manufacturing</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Toy manufacturing">edit</a>]</div> By August 1955, Japan Science and Industry Co., Ltd. was established<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> as a joint venture with a major toy manufacturer, and an automatic armature coil winding apparatus was developed, thereby expanding production capacity to 30,000 motors per day.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> The machines were exceptionally loud but resulted in lower prices and cheaper toys for the children of Japan.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> But in September 1957, American newspapers reported that lead based paints were used on some toys imported from Japan.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> The Japanese toy industry was hit by a sharp drop in demand.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> The Mabuchi brothers, however, seized on this development as an opportunity to break away from their exclusive relationship with the toy manufacturer.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Exports">Exports</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Exports">edit</a>]</div> Export operations began in September 1957 with the creation of Mabuchi Shoji Co., Ltd.<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> In the spring of 1958, Kenichi bought back his own company's shares and dissolved the joint venture with their toy producing customer.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> After dissolving Tokyo Science Industrial Co., Ltd. along with Japan Science and Industry Co., Ltd., Kenichi and Takaichi established Mabuchi Industrial Co., Ltd.<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> The brothers worked together to refine their alnico motor by replacing the alnico magnet with a ferrite magnet, resulting in April 1958 in a utility model patent for a ferrite "F-type motor" with the same power of the alnico motor but at half the cost and weight.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> At 20 yen per motor, the Mabuchi brothers had matched the price of an old wind-up toy.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> The F-type motor became widely used in model cars.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> In March 1959, with the advent of portable, cordless tape recorders, the Mabuchi brothers changed the company's name to Tokyo Science Co., Ltd.<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> and developed a small, quiet tape recorder motor with long life and low electricity consumption.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s">1960s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1960s">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Audio_equipment_and_timepieces">Audio equipment and timepieces</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Audio equipment and timepieces">edit</a>]</div> No longer satisfied with simply making motors for toys and determined to break into markets for high-tech consumer goods, Kenichi and Takaichi continually improved upon the F-type motor.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> They increased the precision of the shaft and improved the commutator and brush, reducing noise and power consumption to 10% of the original F-type motor and axis deviation to less than 10 microns, and extending lifespan by 50–100 times to 1,000–2,000 hours.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> In January 1960, the "FM-250 motor" was born,<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> and, in April, high-precision "RM type" small electric motors were developed, leading Mabuchi into the audio equipment and timepiece markets.<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> By March 1962, the company opened a new factory in <a href="/wiki/Tatebayashi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatebayashi">Tatebayashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gunma_Prefecture" title="Gunma Prefecture">Gunma Prefecture</a>, and achieved a daily production rate of 200,000 motors.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Slot_cars">Slot cars</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Slot cars">edit</a>]</div> 1963 saw the development of two of Mabuchi's most important motors.<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> The first, released in April, was the FT, which became a popular choice for use in <a href="/wiki/Slot_cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Slot cars">slot cars</a>. The second major development, released in October, was the RS series.<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> This motor put Mabuchi not only in the home appliance market but in the radio control market as well. RS motors like the RS 380 and RS 540 are still used today in car, boat and aircraft models.<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> Also in October, in order to change the par value of its stock, Takamatsu Lumber Co., Ltd. (established 1926) was merged and the company name was changed to Tokyo Science Co., Ltd.<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> At the same time, the headquarters was moved to <a href="/wiki/Katsushika" title="Katsushika">Katsushika Ward</a> in Tokyo.<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Embezzlement_of_company_funds">Embezzlement of company funds</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Embezzlement of company funds">edit</a>]</div> The Mabuchi brothers celebrated the tenth anniversary of Tokyo Science in late 1963 with a party at a restaurant in Akasaka, attended by over 1,000 company employees, as well as visitors from the toy industry, the financial sector, and the United States.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> After delivering the keynote address, Kenichi was approached by Takaichi who informed him of the results of an internal investigation.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Certain people in upper management had secretly been adding extra charges to the costs of purchasing components.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> They pooled the money in a slush fund and used it to open another company.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Kenichi was furious.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> He fired the ringleaders and asked anyone who knew about the theft and had failed to inform him to apologize straight away and promise to mend their ways.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> This scandal prompted the Mabuchi brothers to establish the Mabuchi management principle, "Contributing to international society and continuously increasing our contribution".<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> An employee handbook was circulated, called "Purposes and Meanings of Company Business".<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Production_in_Hong_Kong">Production in Hong Kong</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Production in Hong Kong">edit</a>]</div> The Mabuchi brothers were also among the first Japanese executives to catch on to the international trend of developing production capacity overseas.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Because a company in Hong Kong was making inferior quality copies of motors and selling them to British Commonwealth countries at low cost with the benefit of a preferential tariff, the Mabuchi brothers decided to build their own factory in Hong Kong and compete head to head.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> In February 1964, Mabuchi Industry Co., Ltd. was established in <a href="/wiki/San_Po_Kong" title="San Po Kong">San Po Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kowloon" title="Kowloon">Kowloon</a>, Hong Kong.<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Offices_in_US_and_Germany">Offices in US and Germany</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Offices in US and Germany">edit</a>]</div> In March 1965, Mabuchi moved its Japanese factory from a flood-prone area to a safe and large piece of land secured in <a href="/wiki/Matsudo,_Chiba" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsudo, Chiba">Matsudo, Chiba</a> (the current location of the corporate headquarters) just outside Tokyo.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> An American sales office was also opened in <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> In April 1966, a compact, high-performance motor (RE type) went on the market, and in March of the following year, a submarine motor as a power source for toys and hobbies was also brought to market.<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> Now the company was steadily growing, and by 1968, annual production had reached a volume of 100 million.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> In July that year, a new high-performance, low-cost motor (FA type) was introduced.<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> The European representative office was opened in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, Germany, in October, 1968.<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> In January 1969, with 100% financing from the parent company, Tohoku Mabuchi Co., Ltd. was established, increasing the capacity for processing components, and thus coping with a labor shortage (this subsidiary was moved to the city of Matsudo, and its name was changed first to Mabuchi Electric Industries Ltd. in July 1977, then to Mabuchi Finance in June 1989, before being liquidated in January 1998).<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Production_in_Taiwan">Production in Taiwan</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Production in Taiwan">edit</a>]</div> Production expanded to Taiwan when new facilities were established there in December 1969 as Mabuchi Taiwan Co., Ltd.<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> to form a motor supply network for the world market.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s">1970s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 1970s">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_"custom_made"_problem">The "custom made" problem</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: The "custom made" problem">edit</a>]</div> By the dawn of the 1970s, Mabuchi had become one of the world's leading producers of original equipment motors for consumer electronics, toys and model aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> But a new problem arose: the "custom made" problem.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Usually in the manufacturing industry, making small quantities of many products was the norm, in order to meet market needs.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> So Mabuchi was taking orders for motors with different specs from each customer and manufacturing motors customized to the client's specifications each time.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> When production volume was small, the company managed to handle it, but by the 1970s, volume had grown and it became hard to handle all those orders with slightly different specs.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> The company was oversupplied with a variety of machines and parts.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> From buying materials, gathering components, machining and assembly, to shipping the products, the production line grew disorderly and difficult to manage.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Moreover, there was a time gap between production and the slack of business, with orders mainly centering on customers' Christmas sales campaigns.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Because of this, the company had to hire extra seasonal workers every year before the holidays when the factories grew too busy and then discharge them when the period was over and production became slow.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Mabuchi called this the "custom made" problem because it could not keep a back stock of custom spec orders.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Since the company had to make the custom motors after it received an order, it took considerable time to deliver.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> So if the customer had an unexpected hit product, Mabuchi would struggle to meet the sudden increased demand.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> If turn around time was not quick enough, clients would become upset because they missed a business opportunity and Mabuchi would be giving up potential profits as well.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Additionally, when orders came in all at once, factory workers would have to work overtime and on their days off to meet deadlines.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> The rate of defective products would go up, as would quality control problems and customer complaints.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> And the defective motors would need to be replaced, increasing pressure on the delivery dates.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Product_standardization">Product standardization</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Product standardization">edit</a>]</div> The solution was product standardization.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Rather than make tiny changes to shaft length and the number of coils in what was essentially the same motor, the company began making several standard products with 5mm notched shafts, reducing the number of possible 1mm or 2mm variations and allowing Mabuchi to transition into a stock production system.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Customers were given the option to continue buying custom motors according to their specifications or to buy standardized motors on an inventory sales basis for a 20% discount.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Product quality and delivery speed were improved while cost and waste were reduced, such that by June 1971 over 80% of Mabuchi motors were standard products.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> In March 1971, the company's name was changed from Tokyo Science to Mabuchi Motor Co. Ltd.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Then, in July, a new headquarters building was completed and the corporate headquarters was moved to Matsudo.<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> The FA-130 motor was introduced.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> At the same time, Mabuchi was in talks with a world-class manufacturer of electric shavers which had a demand for a special core motor with the close to the same efficiency as a coreless motor.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> The Mabuchi brothers developed the motor, model RD-180, and it was smaller and more responsive than the electric shaver company's previous motor.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Takaichi Mabuchi quoted a price per unit of 100 yen and the shaver company representative tried to correct Takaichi's supposed "mistake" of leaving off a zero, thinking the RD-180 should cost at least 1,000 yen.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> But Takaichi was quite serious and sold the shaver motor for a tenth of the price the shaver company was willing to pay.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> In so doing, he secured a supply contract for all of the shaver company's motor needs.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cheaper_boomboxes">Cheaper boomboxes</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Cheaper boomboxes">edit</a>]</div> Next, tape recorders changed from open-reel to cassette tape, and in 1972 the radio cassette deck, or "boombox", was released; it became a popular for personal use mainly among young people.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> As far as Mabuchi Motor was concerned, the key part of a radio cassette deck was that it must be able to spin quietly and stably to produce quality sound.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> The rotation speed could not change even with changes in voltage, temperature or load.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> A regular DC motor would not suffice; instead, the company had to develop a new motor with the capability to adjust its speed, a "governor motor".<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> In the past, the company's engineers had experimented with both types of governor motor, mechanical and electronic governors.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> But since it would be difficult to reduce the price of a mechanical governor, while electronic governors were growing cheaper all the time, Takaichi Mabuchi decided to proceed with an electronic governor.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> By manufacturing Japanese designed electronic governor motors overseas in Hong Kong and Taiwan, Mabuchi Motor reduced the cost of boomboxes through mass production of the motors that operated their cassette tapes.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> In December 1972, Mabuchi's exporting arm, Mabuchi World Trade Co., Ltd. (formerly Mabuchi Shoji Co., Ltd.), was merged with the domestic sales (business) division.<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> A sales (business) department was opened at the site of Mabuchi World Trade Co., Ltd. (<a href="/wiki/Nihonbashi" title="Nihonbashi">Nihonbashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%AB%C5%8D,_Tokyo" title="Chūō, Tokyo">Chuo Ward, Tokyo</a>).<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> In order to expand production at Mabuchi Taiwan Co., Ltd., in October 1973 a new factory was constructed and existing production facilities were modernized.<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> In March 1974, as part of efforts to streamline business management, new, high-precision machine tools reflecting the latest technology were introduced and added to the machine tool division of the main factory.<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> In addition, Mabuchi Precision Industries, Ltd. was established in <a href="/wiki/Tatebayashi,_Gunma" title="Tatebayashi, Gunma">Tatebayashi City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gunma_Prefecture" title="Gunma Prefecture">Gunma Prefecture</a> for in-house production of motor shafts.<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> An airplane motor went on the market in July as a new power source for model airplanes.<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> In March 1975, a motor with a built-in electronic governor went on the market, allowing the company to move into new markets for cassette tape recorders, home stereo equipment and other household electronics.<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> The RF-510G was born.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> It sold for 400 yen, the same price as an outdated mechanical governor.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> At first, electronics companies were somewhat leery of working with a supplier that got its start making motors for toy cars.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> But one after another, brand name manufacturers chose the quality and price of the RF-510G, and the Mabuchi brothers helped bring affordable Japanese radio cassette decks, portable headphone stereo CD players, and numerous other products in the audio visual field, to consumers across the world.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ATMs_and_car_mirrors">ATMs and car mirrors</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: ATMs and car mirrors">edit</a>]</div> By being first to market with a completed product while rival motor manufacturers were still at the prototype stage, Mabuchi Motor built considerable goodwill in the consumer electronics industry.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Then, in May, nickel-cadmium batteries were introduced onto the market, and Mabuchi responded by producing a fast-action battery charger for home use as a low-energy electric power source.<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> By July, the sales department moved to the headquarters at Matsudo, and a comprehensive administration system encompassing production, sales, technology and financial operations was established.<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> In September 1975, a geared motor went on the market, allowing Mabuchi to enter the vending machine market and other markets. Also that month, car mirror motors came on the scene, and the company fully entered into the automobile electrical equipment market.<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> In order to increase competitiveness in a fluctuating world economy, and to expand productive capacity, in July 1976, a new production facility was constructed in Tsuen Wan by Mabuchi Industry Co., Ltd. of Hong Kong.<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> Then, in August, a new power system went on the market for electrically powered radio-controlled models by combining a high-powered motor and nickel-cadmium battery that can be quickly recharged.<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> The New York representative office was closed in January 1977 and, instead, Mabuchi Motor America Corp. was established in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> for sales and service operations to respond directly to local needs and to focus on developing new markets (in 1997, the US head office was moved to Detroit).<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> In March 1978, Mabuchi Taiwan Co., Ltd. constructed a new factory at <a href="/wiki/Hukou,_Hsinchu" title="Hukou, Hsinchu">Hukou</a>. A third Taiwanese production facility, at <a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a>, was added in August 1979.<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s">1980s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 1980s">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="VCRs">VCRs</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: VCRs">edit</a>]</div> In the early 1980s, Mabuchi entered both the VCR and battery-operated power tool markets.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> In 1980, a VCR motor was introduced to the market, and Mabuchi Motor fully entered the video equipment market.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> As a result, in December of that year, Mabuchi Motor Taiwan Ltd. enlarged its production facilities.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> In 1981, an electric drill motor emerged onto the market, and the company fully entered the industrial equipment market.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> Then, in August 1982, the <a href="/wiki/Tateishi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tateishi">Tateishi</a> Factory of Mabuchi Electric Industries Ltd. was established in <a href="/wiki/Katsushika" title="Katsushika">Katsushika Ward</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Portable_CD_players">Portable CD players</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Portable CD players">edit</a>]</div> From the start of the CD player era, Mabuchi Motor was selected by major Japanese and European audiovisual manufacturers to supply standardized CD player motors such as the RF-310TA and the RF-300CA.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> With their overwhelming product levels, the Mabuchi brothers secured a 90% share of the CD player business, spurring rival companies to surrender.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> The audiovisual device field, and the precision instrument field, had a huge impact on the motor industry.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> In March 1984, Mabuchi Motor Taiwan Ltd. constructed a second factory.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> Then, in April, the corporate headquarters were moved to Matsudo, near <a href="/wiki/Matsuhidai_Station" title="Matsuhidai Station">Matsuhidai Station</a>, halfway between <a href="/wiki/Narita_International_Airport" title="Narita International Airport">Narita International Airport</a> and downtown Tokyo on the <a href="/wiki/Hokuso_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokuso Line">Hokuso Line</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Initial_public_offering_(IPO)">Initial public offering (IPO)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Initial public offering (IPO)">edit</a>]</div> In July, Mabuchi Taiwan Co., Ltd. expanded its <a href="/wiki/Hukou,_Hsinchu" title="Hukou, Hsinchu">Hukou</a> factory.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> That same month, through registration in the over-the-counter market, Mabuchi Motor initiated the public sale of its stock shares.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> By October, Mabuchi's Technical Center reached completion.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> In addition to concentrating research and development activities in a single facility and promoting technical information sharing, the center was equipped with high-tech research facilities.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> The development of a heavy-duty printer motor in 1985 led to Mabuchi's entry into the office equipment market.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> In March 1986, the <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> factory of Mabuchi Industry Co., Ltd. in Guangdong, China, started processing and manufacturing activities on a commission basis.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> Mabuchi Motor went public on the <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Stock_Exchange" title="Tokyo Stock Exchange">Tokyo Stock Exchange</a> in December 1986 and was listed as a member of the second section.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> In March 1987, so as to grasp the tendencies and needs of the Singapore and ASEAN markets at top speed, a representative office was set up in Singapore.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> Then, in October, the first Chinese subsidiary company totally financed by Japanese enterprises, Mabuchi Motor Dalian Ltd., was established and the supply system for the world market was strengthened.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> Mabuchi Motor Shenzhen Ltd. was established in <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, China, in April 1988, to carry out maintenance of the manufacturing equipment of the <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> factory of Mabuchi Industry Co., Ltd. and to manufacture tools (in 1997, the company was closed and integrated with Dongguan Mabuchi Motor Equipment Co., Ltd.).<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> In June 1988, Mabuchi's listing rose from the second section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange to the first section.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Power_windows">Power windows</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Power windows">edit</a>]</div> A power-window motor was released in 1989, and the company entered the automobile <a href="/wiki/Power_window" title="Power window">power window</a> market.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> In order to respond better to the needs of the American automotive industry and to increase participation in the automobile market, Mabuchi Motor opened the Mabuchi Motor America Corporation Detroit Sales Office in April 1989.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> Later that August, Mabuchi Motor (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. was established in Malaysia in order to augment the production capacity of Mabuchi Taiwan Co., Ltd.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> Then, in September, reflecting the growing importance of the ASEAN market, and to respond better to market movements and consumer needs, Mabuchi Motor replaced the Singapore representative office by setting up Mabuchi Motor (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s">1990s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: 1990s">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mabuchi_Technology_Center">Mabuchi Technology Center</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Mabuchi Technology Center">edit</a>]</div> In 1991, Mabuchi Motor Co. Ltd. increased its ownership equity in Mabuchi Taiwan Co., Ltd. to approach the full control which the parent company exercised over its wholly owned subsidiaries.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> Next, in April 1992, the Mabuchi Technology Center was completed in <a href="/wiki/Motono,_Chiba" title="Motono, Chiba">Motono</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chiba_Prefecture" title="Chiba Prefecture">Chiba Prefecture</a>, for in-depth research and development of small electric motors.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> In May, the number of the company's shares per unit was changed from 1,000 to 100.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> Then, in October, Mabuchi Industry Co., Ltd. opened its <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> sales office to strengthen marketing activities in China.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Factories_in_mainland_China">Factories in mainland China</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Factories in mainland China">edit</a>]</div> New operations in Europe and China began in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> Mabuchi Motor (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd. was established in Jiangsu, China in November to meet increasing demand from customers whose factories were also located in China.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> At the same time, the European representative office was closed and Mabuchi Motor (Europe) GmbH was established in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, Germany to handle business expansion and to improve services for clients in the European market.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> In April 1994, Dongguan Mabuchi Motor Equipment Co., Ltd. was established in <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>, China to provide engineering services for the Guangdong Factory of Mabuchi Industry Co., Ltd. and to train factory engineers.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> And in September, Mabuchi Motor Wafangdian Ltd. was established in <a href="/wiki/Wafangdian" title="Wafangdian">Wafangdian</a> near <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a>, China, to meet increasing demand.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> That same month, the parent company agreed to an investment increase for Mabuchi Motor (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd. with Mabuchi Motor Co. Ltd.'s total investment ratio reaching 92%, and 93% by July 1995.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> In September 1995, Mabuchi Precision Industries Hong Kong Ltd. was established in Hong Kong to produce motor shafts in Guangdong, China (in 2006, in order to continue shaft production in Guangdong Province, the company specified the Ludong factory of Mabuchi Precision Industries Hong Kong Ltd. as a contract processing factory of Mabuchi Industry Co., Ltd., and dissolved Mabuchi Precision Industries Hong Kong Ltd.).<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Manufacturing_in_Vietnam">Manufacturing in Vietnam</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Manufacturing in Vietnam">edit</a>]</div> In February 1996, Mabuchi Motor Vietnam Ltd. was established in <a href="/wiki/Bienhoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bienhoa">Bienhoa</a> near <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a>, Vietnam, with 100% financing from the parent company to meet increasing demand and to expand the labor force.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> office of Mabuchi Industry Co., Ltd. was closed in March 1997 and a new representative office was opened in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> to improve customer service and marketing activities in the Chinese market.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> By July 1999, the ISO 9000 series and QS 9000 series, international quality management and quality assurance standards, were received by every Mabuchi facility that applied for certification.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s">2000s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: 2000s">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ISO_14001_certification">ISO 14001 certification</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: ISO 14001 certification">edit</a>]</div> As of March 2001, all operating sites had acquired ISO 14001 certification, an international standard for environmental management systems.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> In December 2001, Mabuchi Motor Company received the first Porter Prize awarded to corporations and businesses that have implemented superior strategies in innovation.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> Then, in 2002, Mabuchi Motor was selected by the Council on Economic and Fiscal Policy as "Japan's 10 excellent corporations that have constructed a world-class business model".<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> Also in 2002, Mabuchi Motor started to co-sponsor events such as the ABU Asia-Pacific Robot Contest and the Colleges of Technology Robot Contest, which contribute to the training of young technicians and development of science and technology.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Home_invasion,_murder_and_arson">Home invasion, murder and arson</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Home invasion, murder and arson">edit</a>]</div> In 2002, Takaichi Mabuchi's wife, Etsuko, 66, and daughter Yuka, 40, were murdered during a home invasion and his house was burned to the ground.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The women were killed before the fire and a cord was found around each of their necks.<a href="#cite_note-:5-26">[26]</a> The two killers poured petrol around the house<a href="#cite_note-:5-26">[26]</a> and made off with ¥9.7 million worth of cash and jewelry.<a href="#cite_note-:10-27">[27]</a> In 2006, Tetsuo Odajima, 63, pleaded guilty in Chiba District Court to killing the wife and daughter of the former Mabuchi Motor Co. chairman and two other people in three robbery-murder cases in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-:6-28">[28]</a> According to the indictment, Odajima conspired with Katsumi Morita, 55, who pleaded guilty in February in his trial in the Tokyo District Court, to break into the home of Mabuchi Motor President Takaichi Mabuchi, 73, in Matsudo, Chiba Prefecture, in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-:6-28">[28]</a> The killers were sentenced to death by hanging in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-:10-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Power_seat_motor">Power seat motor</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Power seat motor">edit</a>]</div> In April 2002, the company's power unit motor department was established.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> A power seat motor was released, and the company entered the automobile power seat market.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> New power window motors developed on the basis of a new concept were also released, strengthening the line-up of power window products for automobiles.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> That November, in order to strengthen the sales system for the expanding China market, Mabuchi Motor (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. was established, while the Shanghai representative office was dissolved.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> In August 2003, the company established its Santa Clara office in California in order to strengthen the sales system in the West Coast (in 2008, the office was closed and integrated with Mabuchi Motor America Corp.).<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> Growth continued in China as well as the United States.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> The oil retaining bearing plant construction was completed in October 2003 at Mabuchi Motor Dalian Ltd. and in-house production of oil retaining bearing started.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> Then, in April 2004, Mabuchi Motor acquired all remaining shares held by minority shareholders of Mabuchi Taiwan Co., Ltd., transforming the branch into a 100% held subsidiary.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> The Dongguan representative office opened in Dongguan to strengthen the sales base in South China.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> That October, a new plant was constructed at Dongguan Mabuchi Motor Equipment Co., Ltd. to strengthen the supplementary functions, in China, of the head office and to centralize the production equipment and the production of precision parts.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> In 2004, Takaichi Mabuchi received his 17th US patent.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ethical_standards">Ethical standards</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Ethical standards">edit</a>]</div> April 2005 saw the creation of the Mabuchi Motor Compliance Manual (now known as Mabuchi Motor Ethical Standards) which provided explicitly the standards to be observed in executing the company's work.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> That November, the company opened the Mabuchi Motor Historical Center of Technology for the purpose of correctly communicating and passing down Mabuchi's history and "DNA" to the company's employees and contributing to the practice of the Mabuchi Management Philosophy created by its founders.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> The same month, Mabuchi Motor Korea Co., Ltd. was founded to reinforce Mabuchi's business infrastructure in the Korean market.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> In April 2006, the company launched the "Hot Line" for the purposes of whistle-blower protection and answering questions regarding the "Mabuchi Motor Ethical Standards" and preventing activities which conflict with the Standards.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> Later, in August, the company opened Dongguan Mabuchi Motor Equipment Co., Ltd. Motor Research & Development Center in order to carry out activities for designing products and developing production technologies in China in conjunction with the head office.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> A year later, Mabuchi Motor developed compact high-torque motors for automotive products.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> And in January, 2008, Mabuchi founded the Mabuchi Motor Trading (Shenzhen) CO., Ltd. in <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, China, for the purpose of strengthening both customer service and distribution system in southern China.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a> representative office handed over its corporate functions to the new sales office and was dissolved to form a better organization.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> In June, a new power seat motor was released.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> In February 2009, Dongguan Mabuchi Motor Equipment Co., Ltd. changed the name of company to Mabuchi Motor (Dongguan) Co., Ltd. and it started motor production in April 2009.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> That June, Mabuchi Motor Danang Ltd. expanded its facility to optimize motor production.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> A month later, Mabuchi Motor (Yingtan) Co., Ltd. was established with the aim of enhancing cost competitiveness by creating small and flexible production management.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Corporate_officer_system">Corporate officer system</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Corporate officer system">edit</a>]</div> As of November 2009, Mabuchi introduced its corporate officer system (executive officer system) to respond the change in management climate and enhance corporate governance according to generally accepted management principles.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> In China that next month, Mabuchi Industry Co., Ltd. established Mabuchi Precision (Dongguan) Co., Ltd. for business succession at the location of Mabuchi Industry Co., Ltd. Ludong factory with the purpose of stabilizing long time business operation for Mabuchi's precision parts production base.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> By the 21st century, Takaichi Mabuchi had taken over as chairman of Mabuchi Motor, and Shinji Kamei was appointed president.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Older brother Kenichi Mabuchi died in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Takaichi determined to carry on his legacy.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> And so, while listening to an MP3 of Wagner he received as a present from his grandson and riding in a luxury car, Takaichi asked Shinji how progress was going in expanding the company's automobile electronic component field.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> CD players were losing popularity but the automotive market for small electric motors was booming.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> In an ordinary automobile, 50 to 60 small motors control everything from door locks and power windows to power seats, steering locks, air conditioner dampers, car mirrors, head lamps, navigation systems and audio visual equipment.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> But in a luxury car like the one Takaichi and Shinji were riding in, over 100 small electric motors are used.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Part of the profits earned through developing low cost motors is used to sponsor crafting workshops, model car events, and robot building competitions.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> The company also supports education by building elementary schools and sponsoring scholarships in China.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Mabuchi Motor contributes to regional grassroots environmental protection activities as well.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010s">2010s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: 2010s">edit</a>]</div> In February 2010, Mabuchi received the Corporate Activity Award from the Tokyo Stock Exchange in recognition of its pioneering corporate activities for corporate code of conduct in listing rules.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> Then, in October, the company terminated production at Guandong Factory No.2 and converted Guandong Factory No.1 into a wholly foreign-owned enterprise.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> Mabuchi Motor Dongguan Daojiao Co., Ltd. was established.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> The following month, Guandong Factory No.3 was converted into a branch firm of Mabuchi Motor (Dongguan) Co., Ltd.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> In May 2011, to pursue cost competitiveness for surviving against international competition, Mabuchi established Mabuchi Motor (Jiangxi) Co., Ltd, which became its second production base in Jiangxi Province, China.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> To enhance customer service and sales structure for growing domestic markets in China, Mabuchi launched its China Sales Promotion & Support Dept. in August 2011, and established Mabuchi Motor (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Chongqing Branch in <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, China in November.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="China_Business_Unit">China Business Unit</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: China Business Unit">edit</a>]</div> Then, in January 2012, Mabuchi inaugurated its China Business Unit (CBU), in which three factors, namely production, sales and technology, are combined with each other, and started product development, mass-production and sales to meet local needs.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> In line with the second phase of production base reorganization, the company launched a new base to strengthen the existing bases.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> In November, Mabuchi Motor (Jiangxi) Co., Ltd. started its operations.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> In November, the second factory of Mabuchi Motor (Yingtan) Co., Ltd. was completed.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> In December, a new factory specialized for a motor for power window lifters and power seats was completed in <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Printer/scanner/copier_motors">Printer/scanner/copier motors</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Printer/scanner/copier motors">edit</a>]</div> December saw the release of an inner-rotor-type brushless motor, and Mabuchi entered the market of an application for driving all-in-one devices, each of which is capable of functioning as a copier/fax/printer.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> In January 2013, a sales division was established at Mabuchi Motor (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd. and cumulative production and sales quantity of all the motors since the company establishment exceeded 40 billion units.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Building_Mexico_Mabuchi">Building Mexico Mabuchi</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Building Mexico Mabuchi">edit</a>]</div> In August 2014, the company established Mabuchi Motor Mexico S.A. de C.V., wholly owned by Mabuchi Motor Co., Ltd., so as to be closer to clients in North America.<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> From 2010 to 2015, net sales increased from approximately 80 billion JPY to 108 billion JPY.<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> Currently, the Mexican subsidiary has a Declaration of abnormal quality in its products worldwide, in which it works hard to eliminate it and improve all the manufacturing conditions that are currently very bad. Mabuchi Motor México has a very high staff turnover, this is due to the fact that the economic conditions for hiring operating personnel are very low, which makes it impossible to compete in the area with neighboring companies, in addition to the fact that the regulations are not properly applied for the Operations staff, in the company this situation has existed since the arrival of the president Makoto Kimura, since that occasion, the staff does what they want and there are no consequences for anyone. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Company_strategy">Company strategy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Company strategy">edit</a>]</div> Mabuchi Motor is pursuing a strategy of developing motors with quieter operation and longer operating life, using better materials and processing accuracy.<a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a> One specific focus has been on motors for automotive products for which demand is expected to increase in future, especially as electric vehicles become increasingly popular.<a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a> Therefore, Mabuchi is directing its attention to developing not only small motors but also mid-sized motors.<a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Worldwide_presence">Worldwide presence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Worldwide presence">edit</a>]</div> In order to "contribute to the leveling of international economic disparities and to economic development in other countries by creating employment opportunities and technology transfers," Mabuchi Motor engaged in globalization early, beginning in 1964 with its Hong Kong operations and continuing to its current establishment of Mexico Mabuchi.<a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Administrative_and_sales_offices">Administrative and sales offices</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Administrative and sales offices">edit</a>]</div> In addition to its headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Matsudo,_Chiba" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsudo, Chiba">Matsudo, Chiba</a>, the Mabuchi Motor Group has sales offices in <a href="/wiki/Troy,_Michigan" title="Troy, Michigan">Troy, Michigan</a> (USA) (Mabuchi Motor America Corp., est. 1977), <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a> (Germany) (Mabuchi Motor Europe GmbH, est. 1993), Hong Kong (Mabuchi Industry Co. Ltd., est. 1964), <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> (China) (Mabuchi Motor Jiangsu Co., Ltd., est. 1993), <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> (China) (Mabuchi Motor Shanghai Co. Ltd., est. 2002), <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> (China) (Mabuchi Motor Trading Shenzhen Co. Ltd., est. 2008), <a href="/wiki/Hsinchu" title="Hsinchu">Hsinchu</a> (Taiwan) (Mabuchi Taiwan Co., Ltd., est. 1969), Singapore (Mabuchi Motor Singapore Pte. Ltd., est. 1989), <a href="/wiki/Da_Nang" title="Da Nang">Da Nang</a> (Vietnam) (Mabuchi Motor Danang Ltd., est. 2005) and <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a> (South Korea) (Mabuchi Motor Korea Co., Ltd., est. 2005).<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Manufacturing_plants">Manufacturing plants</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Manufacturing plants">edit</a>]</div> Its factories are located in China (<a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wafangdian" title="Wafangdian">Wafangdian</a>), Vietnam (<a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%AAn_H%C3%B2a" title="Biên Hòa">Biên Hòa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Danang" class="mw-redirect" title="Danang">Danang</a>), and Taiwan (<a href="/wiki/Hsinchu" title="Hsinchu">Hsinchu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a>).<a href="#cite_note-:7-5">[5]</a> The company has 2 plants in <a href="/wiki/Aguascalientes" title="Aguascalientes">Aguascalientes</a>, Mexico (Mabuchi México SA de CV, est. 2014) The first plant is currently in operation and is planning to start operations at its third recently built plant, in this city, production is focused on the local, national and international automotive market.<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Research_and_development_facilities">Research and development facilities</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Research and development facilities">edit</a>]</div> Mabuchi Motor conducts research and development activities at its Technology Center in <a href="/wiki/Inzai,_Chiba" class="mw-redirect" title="Inzai, Chiba">Inzai, Chiba</a>, Japan, as well as its R&D Center in <a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a>, China.<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Global_internship_program">Global internship program</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Global internship program">edit</a>]</div> Since 2011, Mabuchi Motor has welcomed summer interns, including engineering and business students and Global Law Fellows, from internationally renowned universities such as the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana%E2%80%93Champaign" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign">University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_University" title="Brigham Young University">Brigham Young University (BYU)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:27-31">[31]</a> Foreign interns have contributed to the company's research and development, quality assurance, sales contracts and antitrust compliance measures.<a href="#cite_note-:27-31">[31]</a> President Hiroo Okoshi encouraged student interns to contribute to a "breakthrough," saying: "The best way to predict the future is to create it by ourselves."<a href="#cite_note-:27-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_financial_institutions">Main financial institutions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Main financial institutions">edit</a>]</div> Mabuchi Motor Co. Ltd. conducts its banking activity mainly with the following financial institutions: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bank_of_Tokyo-Mitsubishi_UFJ,_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd.">The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizuho_Bank,_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Mizuho Bank, Ltd.">Mizuho Bank, Ltd.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumitomo_Mitsui_Banking_Corporation" title="Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation">Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiba_Bank" title="Chiba Bank">The Chiba Bank, Ltd.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resona_Bank,_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Resona Bank, Ltd.">Resona Bank, Ltd.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_clients">Major clients</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Major clients">edit</a>]</div> Some of Mabuchi Motor's major clients are: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aisin_Seiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Aisin Seiki">Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd.(Japan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRAUN_PHOTO_TECHNIK_GmbH" class="mw-redirect" title="BRAUN PHOTO TECHNIK GmbH">Braun GmbH (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_Inc." title="Canon Inc.">Canon Inc.(Japan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denso" title="Denso">Denso Corporation (Japan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard Company (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexmark" title="Lexmark">Lexmark International Inc. (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikon" title="Nikon">Nikon Corp. (Japan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips (Netherlands)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Corporation" title="Pioneer Corporation">Pioneer Corp. (Japan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">Procter & Gamble Company (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bosch" title="Robert Bosch">Robert Bosch GmbH (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brose_Fahrzeugteile" title="Brose Fahrzeugteile">Brose Fahrzeugteile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazda_Motor_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazda Motor Corporation">Mazda Motor Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Honda_Motor_Company,_Ltd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Honda Motor Company, Ltd (page does not exist)">The Honda Motor Company, Ltd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony Corp. (Japan)</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manufacturing_and_product_lines">Manufacturing and product lines</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Manufacturing and product lines">edit</a>]</div> Mabuchi Motor currently manufactures small electric motors in 10 factories located in Asia, with an 11th factory in Mexico under construction.<a href="#cite_note-:8-2">[2]</a> For 2015, the company anticipates 33.4% of its motors will be made in Vietnam Mabuchi, 18.8% in Daojiao Mabuchi, 14.1% in Danang Mabuchi, 13.3% in Wafangdian Mabuchi, 5.8% in Dalian Mabuchi, 4.8% in Dongguan Mabuchi, 3.6% in Yingtan Mabuchi, 3.3% in Jiangxi Mabuchi, 2.0% in Jiangsu Mabuchi, and 0.8% in Taiwan Mabuchi.<a href="#cite_note-:8-2">[2]</a> Recently, Mabuchi has accelerated the pace of R&D into higher-performance motors, especially for use in automotive applications.<a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a> The trend toward electric cars means that new automobiles will require increasingly large numbers of small electric motors to support movement and control of a variety of automotive electrical equipment.<a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Automotive_products">Automotive products</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Automotive products">edit</a>]</div> An automotive products forecast of 67.3% of total motor sales is expected for 2015 year's end.<a href="#cite_note-:8-2">[2]</a> Mabuchi Motor supplies automobile manufacturers with over a hundred variants of small DC motors for use in a variety of applications,<a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a> such as: <ul><li>Power window lifters (including model GD-558 RC/LC, a new generation power window motor achieving lower mass and weight reduction)<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a></li> <li>Power seats (including model RZ-46BWA, a low mass and high torque motor contributing to weight reduction of power seats)<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a></li> <li>Parking brakes (including model RS-656WA, a motor pursuing low vibration, long life and high rigidity)<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a></li> <li>Window washer pumps</li> <li>Engine peripheral equipment (including model RS-4F5WA, a motor adapted for use in the extreme conditions of engine intake and exhaust systems)<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a></li> <li>Automatic cruise control</li> <li>Sunroofs</li> <li>Seat belt pretensioners</li> <li>Steering column adjusters</li> <li>Door closers</li> <li>Lumbar supports</li> <li>Door locks (including model FC-280SC, a standard motor for door lock actuators with a strong track record)<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a></li> <li>Car mirrors (including model SF-266SA, a motor achieving low mass and noise reduction, providing quieter operation of power folding mirrors)<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a></li> <li>Air conditioning damper actuators (including model SF-266SH, a motor achieving low mass and noise reduction, effective for use of multiple dampers)<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a></li> <li>Headlight level adjusters</li> <li>Idle-speed controllers</li> <li>Quarter vents</li> <li>Active grille shutters</li> <li>Steering locks</li> <li>Trunk opener</li> <li>Fuel-tank lid opener</li> <li>Built-in car CD/DVD players</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consumer_and_industrial_products">Consumer and industrial products</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Consumer and industrial products">edit</a>]</div> Sales of motors for consumer and industrial products is expected to comprise 32.7% of total motor sales by year-end 2015.<a href="#cite_note-:8-2">[2]</a> Mabuchi Motor also supplies consumer goods manufacturers in a number of industries with motors used numerous types of finished products,<a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a> such as: <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Personal_care_products">Personal care products</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Personal care products">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Electric shavers</li> <li>Electric tooth brushes</li> <li>Hair dryers (including model RS-365SV, the latest model of Mabuchi's standard motor for dryers with an extensive track record)<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a></li> <li>Styling brushes</li> <li>Hair removers</li> <li>Hair clippers</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Power_tools">Power tools</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Power tools">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Impact wrenches</li> <li>Screwdrivers</li> <li>Drills (including model RZ-735VA, a motor with lighter weight, contributing to the lower mass of power tools)<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a></li> <li>Hedge trimmers</li> <li>Circular saws</li> <li>Lawn mowers</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Health_and_wellness">Health and wellness</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Health and wellness">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Blood pressure meters (including model FF-M10VA, a motor providing small home healthcare equipment with low mass and high controllability)<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibrator_(mechanical)" title="Vibrator (mechanical)">Vibrators</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massagers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massagers (page does not exist)">Massagers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bikes,_toys_and_household_goods">Bikes, toys and household goods</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Bikes, toys and household goods">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Electrically assisted bicycles (<a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">light electric vehicles</a>)</li> <li>Walking assists</li> <li>Coffee makers</li> <li>Small sprayers</li> <li>Small pumps</li> <li>Electric locks (including model FF-N20WA, a motor achieving low mass, high output, and quiet operation)<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a></li> <li>Vacuum cleaners</li> <li>Room fresheners</li> <li>Electric reels</li> <li>Toys</li> <li>Miniature models</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Precision_and_office_equipment">Precision and office equipment</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Precision and office equipment">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Ink jet printers (including model ID-529XW, a <a href="/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor" title="Brushless DC electric motor">brushless motor</a> achieving more energy conservation, quieter operation, and lighter weight)<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a></li> <li>Multi function printers (including model RK-370VB, a motor achieving low mass and higher output, contributing to the downsizing of office equipment)<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a></li> <li>Laser printers (including model RS-645VA, a motor achieving high controllability together with high torque and light weight, with optical encoder)<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a></li> <li>Vending machines (including model RK-370CA, the standard model widely usable for ejector and conveyor commodities, processing bills, coins, etc.)<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a></li> <li>Digital cameras</li> <li>Photo printers</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Audiovisual_equipment">Audiovisual equipment</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Audiovisual equipment">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Car CD players</li> <li>DVD players</li> <li>Car navigation systems</li> <li>Heads-up displays</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technical_specifications">Technical specifications</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Technical specifications">edit</a>]</div> Mabuchi motors are designated by a seven-digit type code, followed by three to six digits designating the armature winding specifications.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> Motor housing is either flat, round or square.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> Housing length varies according to intended application.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> Brushes are either metal, precious metal or carbon in construction.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> The main types of magnet used are C-shape isotropic magnets, ring shape isotropic magnets, anisotropic or rare-earth magnets, or rubber magnets, with a magnet wire diameter ranging from 0.11mm to 1.1mm.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> Armature poles vary in number from 3 poles to 12 poles, while the number of turns of armature winding per slot can vary from figures of 2 to 4 digits.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Motor_parts">Motor parts</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Motor parts">edit</a>]</div> A completed Mabuchi motor consists of 23 separate parts: endbell; shaft support; spacer; bearing; brush holder; terminal; damper; brush; oil stopper; varistor; commutator segment retainer; commutator segment; commutator core; insulating lamination; laminated core; magnet wire; more insulating lamination; shaft; rotor brush; another oil stopper; magnet; bearing; and, finally, the motor housing itself.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Theory_behind_motors">Theory behind motors</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Theory behind motors">edit</a>]</div> Each motor ships with a torque based performance chart showing the relationship between torque and speed, which is the most important performance indicator for a motor.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> The no-load speed is the number of rotations per minute of the motor shaft when voltage is applied between the terminals with no load to the motor.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> No-load current is the current discharged when voltage is applied between the terminals with no load to the motor.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> Stall torque is when the motor rotation stalls upon increasing the load to the rotating motor, while stall current is when the motor rotation stalls upon increasing the load to the rotating motor.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> The physics formula E = M (electrical energy input equals mechanical energy output) demonstrates the conservation of energy principle at work in a Mabuchi motor (voltage x current) divided by (efficiency expressed as a percentage) equals (speed in revolutions per minute x torque mN.m g.cm).<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Factors_affecting_motor_performance">Factors affecting motor performance</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Factors affecting motor performance">edit</a>]</div> Motor performance depends on three elements such as voltage across terminals, resistance across terminals, and magnetic force.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> These are influenced directly by such factors as voltage and type of power supply, number of turns per winding slot and diameter of magnetic wire, environmental temperature, type of magnet, flux yoke and phase.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> If only the voltage of the power supply changes, the change in motor performance is in direct proportion to that change in voltage.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> Unlike the constant-voltage power supply, the power supply with resistance will have a voltage drop due to its internal resistance, causing the stall current and, therefore, the stall torque to drop with the speed line bottomed to the left.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> The winding specifications affect motor performance the most.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> Changing the number of turns per slot or the diameter of magnet wire produces results that differ greatly from each other.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> Environmental temperature affects the magnetic forces of magnets and the winding resistance, and so indicates changes in motor performance.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> Changing anisotropic magnets from wet to dry results in decreasing stall torques and increasing no-load speed due to the magnetic force being weakened.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> Magnets are held in a housing for their full capability, while using a thin-wall housing will result in magnetic force leaking through the housing wall.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> That is where magnet yokes are used to prevent magnetic leakage, thus maintaining the full capacity of the magnets.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> Phase refers to positional relations between the center line of each polar magnet and the switching position of commutator segments and brushes.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> Lagging in phase causes inefficiency, electrical noise, and shortened life.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> To avoid these situations, improved motors are assembled with forward brush-shifting that offsets the armature reaction during load operation to keep them on neutral electrically.<a href="#cite_note-:11-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_record">Environmental record</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Environmental record">edit</a>]</div> Mabuchi Motor identified global warming as a major issue and, therefore, committed to use resources more efficiently, reduce waste, and conduct environmentally friendly manufacturing operations, including green procurement.<a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_management_system_and_guidelines">Environmental management system and guidelines</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Environmental management system and guidelines">edit</a>]</div> Mabuchi has built an environmental management system, with the director acting as environmental management representative.<a href="#cite_note-:28-34">[34]</a> Starting from the headquarters obtaining ISO 14001 certification in December 1999, an international standard for environmental management, all overseas production sites at that time obtained this certification by 2001.<a href="#cite_note-:28-34">[34]</a> Since then, the Mabuchi Group has been conducting regular audits by external certification organizations and internal audits within the group.<a href="#cite_note-:28-34">[34]</a> In October 2005, Mabuchi developed a system for unified operation/management of this environmental management system and a quality management system.<a href="#cite_note-:28-34">[34]</a> Mabuchi implemented its 4th Management Guideline concerning the environment in 2008 to "conduct corporate activity which preserves the earth's environment and protects human health."<a href="#cite_note-:26-35">[35]</a> Mabuchi describes pollution by corporations as "suicidal behavior" that "endangers our existence."<a href="#cite_note-:26-35">[35]</a> The company has sworn that, if the natural ecology of waterways or the atmosphere is negatively impacts by its manufacturing operations, the pollution prevention measures in place at that particular plant are to be judged inefficient and new measures shall be implemented immediately.<a href="#cite_note-:26-35">[35]</a> With respect to working conditions at a plant, employee safety is Mabuchi's primary consideration.<a href="#cite_note-:26-35">[35]</a> Those responsible for plant operations work on location and are held responsible for safety standards in the workplace.<a href="#cite_note-:26-35">[35]</a> Once a health hazard is identified, action is to be taken immediately to remedy the situation.<a href="#cite_note-:26-35">[35]</a> Mabuchi does not tolerate holding back funds required to implement safety measures in order to improve a plant's balance sheet.<a href="#cite_note-:26-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy_conservation,_recycling_and_waste_reduction">Energy conservation, recycling and waste reduction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Energy conservation, recycling and waste reduction">edit</a>]</div> The Mabuchi Group changed the layout of its factories and the production process aiming to improve productivity and energy conservation, while reducing electricity and water usage and CO2 emissions at the same time.<a href="#cite_note-:28-34">[34]</a> In addition, Mabuchi has improved the yield percentage of material for efficient use of resources.<a href="#cite_note-:28-34">[34]</a> The company is also analyzing the content and volume of waste across the group and working on reduction as well as improvements in the recycling rate toward zero emissions.<a href="#cite_note-:28-34">[34]</a> In terms of environmentally hazardous substances, Mabuchi is rolling out production activities based on the motto "do not include, do not mix, do not emit" hazardous substances.<a href="#cite_note-:28-34">[34]</a> Mabuchi Motor's procurement is conducted globally, and in purchasing various types of materials, the company promotes green procurement, giving priority to purchasing products from business partners who are working on environmental preservation.<a href="#cite_note-:28-34">[34]</a> On the production and shipment front, Mabuchi aims to minimize use of fuel and resources at storage locations by locating its warehouses close to its customers.<a href="#cite_note-:28-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_activities">Environmental activities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: Environmental activities">edit</a>]</div> The Mabuchi Group conducts periodic environmental education activities, including greening factory grounds by planting trees, as part of operations in its environmental management system.<a href="#cite_note-:28-34">[34]</a> The company also shares environmental information through a company newsletter and intranet while holding environment-related events such as a "Poster/Photo Contest Promoting Environmental Consideration," providing opportunities for employees to think about the environment on a daily basis.<a href="#cite_note-:28-34">[34]</a> Community clean-up and greening activities by Mabuchi employees are held on an ongoing basis.<a href="#cite_note-:28-34">[34]</a> Volunteering employees are participating in community-oriented environmental activities in business offices at home and abroad.<a href="#cite_note-:28-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_social_responsibility_(CSR)">Corporate social responsibility (CSR)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: Corporate social responsibility (CSR)">edit</a>]</div> Mabuchi Motor engages in certain specific corporate citizenship activities.<a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a> First, the company promotes access to education in China. Starting 1996, the Dalian subsidiary built three Mabuchi Hope Elementary Schools and the company continues to supply equipment and funds for school trips.<a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a> Dalian Mabuchi set up the Mabuchi High School Scholarship at the Dalian Education Foundation in 1997 to provide access to education for students of all ages with disabilities or who suffer from economic hardship.<a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a> In 2007, a Mabuchi Hope Junior High School was established in China's Liaoning province.<a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a> Second, Mabuchi has supported young engineers by co-sponsoring many sorts of robotics competitions every year since 2002.<a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a> Mabuchi provides funds and motors to support young people who participate in these robot building contests.<a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a> Since 1983, the company has operated an exhibition corner in the Science Museum of Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo. Mabuchi also provides motors to participants in events held by the Japan Science Museum Association.<a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a> The company has also been compiling its hobby craft guidebook every year from more than 30 years and has supported slot car racing since 1961.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Third, the company educates local employees as leaders, regardless of their nationality, provides skill improvement training, and human resource development and benefit packages tailored to each region where Mabuchi operates.<a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_motor_manufacturing_industry_in_China" title="Electric motor manufacturing industry in China">Electric motor manufacturing industry in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_electric_motor" title="Timeline of the electric motor">Timeline of the electric motor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:2-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-20">u</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1">Corporate Data. Matsudo City, Chiba, Japan: Mabuchi Motor Co. 2015. pp. 1–4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Corporate+Data&rft.place=Matsudo+City%2C+Chiba%2C+Japan&rft.pages=1-4&rft.pub=Mabuchi+Motor+Co.&rft.date=2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMabuchi+Motor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_2-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_2-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_2-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_2-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_2-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_2-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_2-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_2-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_2-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_2-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_2-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_2-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_2-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_2-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_2-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_2-20">u</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Factbook Q2 Fiscal 2015. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theindependentscratchbuilder.com/42.%20Vintage%20Motors/1.%20Pittman%20Era%20Motors/1.%20Pittman%20Era%20Motors/Mabuchi%20Motors.htm">the original</a> on 20 June 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent+Scratch+Builder&rft.atitle=Mabuchi+Motors+1963%E2%80%931965&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theindependentscratchbuilder.com%2F42.%2520Vintage%2520Motors%2F1.%2520Pittman%2520Era%2520Motors%2F1.%2520Pittman%2520Era%2520Motors%2FMabuchi%2520Motors.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMabuchi+Motor" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/1994/01/09/maker-of-mini-motors-is-a-pacesetter-in-japan/">"Maker of Mini-motors is a Pacesetter in Japan"</a> Chicago Tribune article, January 9, 1994.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2015-08-23/nepal-bags-two-awards-in-intl-robotics-competition.html">"Nepal bags two awards in int’l robotics competition"</a> regarding student winners of Mabuchi Motor Award, August 23, 2015.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vietnamnews.vn/economy/275717/japanese-firms-seek-new-deal.html">"Japanese firms seek new deal"</a> for President of Vietnam Mabuchi on local conditions, September 12, 2015.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aguasdigital.com/metro/leer.php?idnota=52436">"Mabuchi Motor México inicia la construcción de su planta en Aguascalientes"</a> (Spanish) Chairman Kamei attends ground-breaking of new plant in Mexico, May 12, 2014.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/world-electric-motors-market-229708901.html">"World Electric Motors Market"</a> world demand to rise 6.5% annually through 2017, October 29, 2013.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2011/12/11/business/firms-facing-labor-shortages-at-vietnam-plants/#.VgjnkdKqpHw">"Firms facing labor shortages at Vietnam plants"</a> The Japan Times article, December 11, 2011.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsources.com/gsol/I/Brushless-DC/a/9000000129855.htm">"Brushless motor manufacturers continue category buildup"</a> suppliers increase the line's share of their DC motor output, and direct R&D toward more-efficient and advanced types, March 24, 2014.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabuchi_Motor&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mabuchi-motor.co.jp/en_US/index.html">Official website</a>—(in English)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpx.co.jp/english/">Japan Exchange Group</a>—(in English)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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title="Electronics industry in Japan">Electronics industry in Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiwa" title="Aiwa">Aiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaxala_Networks" title="Alaxala Networks">Alaxala Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alinco" title="Alinco">Alinco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alps_Electric" title="Alps Electric">Alps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_Electronics" title="Alpine Electronics">Alpine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anritsu" title="Anritsu">Anritsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOR_(company)" title="AOR (company)">AOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio-Technica" title="Audio-Technica">Audio-Technica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandai_Namco_Holdings" title="Bandai Namco Holdings">Bandai Namco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brother_Industries" title="Brother Industries">Brother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_Inc." title="Canon Inc.">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casio" title="Casio">Casio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CatEye" title="CatEye">CatEye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Watch" title="Citizen Watch">Citizen Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosina" title="Cosina">Cosina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%2BM_Group" title="D+M Group">D+M Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denon" title="Denon">Denon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marantz" title="Marantz">Marantz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daikin" title="Daikin">Daikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denso" title="Denso">Denso</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denso_Ten" title="Denso Ten">Denso Ten</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Nippon_Printing" title="Dai Nippon Printing">DNP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiki" title="Eiki">Eiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eizo" title="Eizo">Eizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elecom" title="Elecom">Elecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESP_Guitars" title="ESP Guitars">ESP Guitars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FANUC" title="FANUC">FANUC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fostex" title="Fostex">Fostex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_Electric" title="Fuji Electric">Fuji Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujifilm" title="Fujifilm">Fujifilm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fujifilm_Business_Innovation" title="Fujifilm Business Innovation">Business Innovation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funai" title="Funai">Funai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furuno" title="Furuno">Furuno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futaba_Corporation" title="Futaba Corporation">Futaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamamatsu_Photonics" title="Hamamatsu Photonics">Hamamatsu Photonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirose_Electric_Group" title="Hirose Electric Group">Hirose Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarion_(company)" title="Clarion (company)">Clarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxell" title="Maxell">Maxell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoya_Corporation" title="Hoya Corporation">Hoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibanez" title="Ibanez">Ibanez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibiden" title="Ibiden">Ibiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icom_Incorporated" title="Icom Incorporated">Icom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikegami_Tsushinki" title="Ikegami Tsushinki">Ikegami Tsushinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwatsu_Electric" title="Iwatsu Electric">Iwatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Display" title="Japan Display">Japan Display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JEOL" title="JEOL">JEOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Radio_Company" title="Japan Radio Company">JRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Remote_Control" title="Japan Remote Control">JR Propo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JVCKenwood" title="JVCKenwood">JVCKenwood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JVC" title="JVC">JVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenwood_Corporation" title="Kenwood Corporation">Kenwood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawai_Musical_Instruments" title="Kawai Musical Instruments">Kawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyence" title="Keyence">Keyence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kioxia" title="Kioxia">Kioxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiramek" title="Kiramek">Kiramek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konica_Minolta" title="Konica Minolta">Konica Minolta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KO_PROPO" title="KO PROPO">KO PROPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korg" title="Korg">Korg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyocera" title="Kyocera">Kyocera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxman" title="Luxman">Luxman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mabuchi Motor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamiya" title="Mamiya">Mamiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maspro_Denkoh" title="Maspro Denkoh">Maspro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melco" title="Melco">Melco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micron_Memory_Japan" title="Micron Memory Japan">Micron Memory Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MinebeaMitsumi" title="MinebeaMitsumi">MinebeaMitsumi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsumi_Electric" title="Mitsumi Electric">Mitsumi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Electric" title="Mitsubishi Electric">Mitsubishi Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murata_Manufacturing" title="Murata Manufacturing">Murata Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutoh_Europe_nv" title="Mutoh Europe nv">Mutoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakamichi" title="Nakamichi">Nakamichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NEC_Mobile_Communications" title="NEC Mobile Communications">Mobile Communications</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichia" title="Nichia">Nichia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichicon" title="Nichicon">Nichicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidec" title="Nidec">Nidec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nidec_Copal_Corporation" title="Nidec Copal Corporation">Nidec Copal Corporation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Dempa_Kogyo" title="Nihon Dempa Kogyo">Nihon Dempa Kogyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikon" title="Nikon">Nikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Chemi-Con" title="Nippon Chemi-Con">Nippon Chemi-Con</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitto_Denko" title="Nitto Denko">Nitto Denko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKK_switches" title="NKK switches">NKK Switches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oki_Electric_Industry" title="Oki Electric Industry">Oki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympus_Corporation" title="Olympus Corporation">Olympus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omron" title="Omron">Omron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onkyo" title="Onkyo">Onkyo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integra_Home_Theater" title="Integra Home Theater">Integra Home Theater</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Electric" title="Orion Electric">Orion Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanyo" title="Sanyo">Sanyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technics_(brand)" title="Technics (brand)">Technics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Corporation" title="Pioneer Corporation">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixela_Corporation" title="Pixela Corporation">Pixela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plextor" title="Plextor">Plextor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renesas_Electronics" title="Renesas Electronics">Renesas Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricoh" title="Ricoh">Ricoh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentax" title="Pentax">Pentax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riso_Kagaku_Corporation" title="Riso Kagaku Corporation">Riso Kagaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohm" title="Rohm">Rohm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Corporation" title="Roland Corporation">Roland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubycon_Corporation" title="Rubycon Corporation">Rubycon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansui_Electric" title="Sansui Electric">Sansui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanwa_Electronic" title="Sanwa Electronic">Sanwa Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCREEN_Holdings" title="SCREEN Holdings">SCREEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_Sammy_Holdings" title="Sega Sammy Holdings">Sega Sammy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiko_Group" title="Seiko Group">Seiko Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar_(watch)" title="Pulsar (watch)">Pulsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko">Seiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epson" title="Epson">Epson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orient_Watch" title="Orient Watch">Orient Watch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiko_Instruments" title="Seiko Instruments">Seiko Instruments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimadzu" title="Shimadzu">Shimadzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shindengen_Electric_Manufacturing" title="Shindengen Electric Manufacturing">Shindengen Electric Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Corporation" title="Sigma Corporation">Sigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNK" title="SNK">SNK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix">Square Enix</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taito" title="Taito">Taito</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Electric" title="Stanley Electric">Stanley Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Micronics" title="Star Micronics">Star Micronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stax_Ltd" title="Stax Ltd">Stax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumitomo_Electric_Industries" title="Sumitomo Electric Industries">Sumitomo Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyo_Yuden" title="Taiyo Yuden">Taiyo Yuden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamron" title="Tamron">Tamron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDK" title="TDK">TDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TEAC_Corporation" title="TEAC Corporation">TEAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Corporation" title="Tiger Corporation">Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOA_Corporation" title="TOA Corporation">TOA Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Electron" title="Tokyo Electron">Tokyo Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topcon" title="Topcon">Topcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniden" title="Uniden">Uniden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushio,_Inc." title="Ushio, Inc.">Ushio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wacom" title="Wacom">Wacom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaesu_(brand)" title="Yaesu (brand)">Yaesu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Corporation" title="Yamaha Corporation">Yamaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaskawa_Electric_Corporation" title="Yaskawa Electric Corporation">Yaskawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokogawa_Electric" title="Yokogawa Electric">Yokogawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zojirushi" title="Zojirushi">Zojirushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_Corporation" title="Zoom Corporation">Zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuken" title="Zuken">Zuken</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiwa" title="Aiwa">Aiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akai" title="Akai">Akai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronica" title="Bronica">Bronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinon_Industries" title="Chinon Industries">Chinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contax" title="Contax">Contax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konica" title="Konica">Konica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minolta" title="Minolta">Minolta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_(brand)" title="National (brand)">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norita" title="Norita">Norita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okaya_Optical" title="Okaya Optical">Okaya Optical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Industries_Association_of_Japan" title="Electronic Industries Association of Japan">Electronic Industries Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation_Network_Corporation_of_Japan" title="Innovation Network Corporation of Japan">INCJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Electronic_Industries_Development_Association" title="Japan Electronic Industries Development Association">Japan Electronic Industries Development Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Electronics_and_Information_Technology_Industries_Association" title="Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association">Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagi%E2%80%93Uda_antenna" title="Yagi–Uda antenna">Yagi–Uda antenna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Electronics_industry_in_Japan" title="Category:Electronics industry in Japan">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Japan&#124;link=Japan_Automotive_industry_in_Japan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Japan" title="Template:Automotive industry in Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automotive_industry_in_Japan" title="Template talk:Automotive industry in Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive industry in Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Japan&#124;link=Japan_Automotive_industry_in_Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Japan" title="Automotive industry in Japan">Automotive industry in Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Japan" title="Economy of Japan">Economy of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Japan" title="Transport in Japan">Transport in Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Automotive_companies_of_Japan" title="Category:Automotive companies of Japan">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Japan" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Japan">Vehicle producers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Native manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspark" title="Aspark">Aspark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autobacs_Seven#ASL" title="Autobacs Seven">ASL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duesen_Bayern" title="Duesen Bayern">Duesen Bayern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLM_Co._Ltd." title="GLM Co. Ltd.">GLM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honda" title="Honda">Honda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acura" title="Acura">Acura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marusho" title="Marusho">Marusho</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isuzu" title="Isuzu">Isuzu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UD_Trucks" title="UD Trucks">UD Trucks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_(constructor)" title="Dome (constructor)">Jiotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_Heavy_Industries" title="Kawasaki Heavy Industries">Kawasaki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_Motors" title="Kawasaki Motors">Kawasaki Motors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazda" title="Mazda">Mazda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amati_Cars" title="Amati Cars">Amati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autozam" title="Autozam">Autozam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C6%90%CC%83fini" title="Ɛ̃fini">Ẽfini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunos_(automobile)" title="Eunos (automobile)">Eunos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M2_(Mazda)" title="M2 (Mazda)">M2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazda_Xedos" title="Mazda Xedos">Xedos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi" title="Mitsubishi">Mitsubishi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Heavy_Industries" title="Mitsubishi Heavy Industries">Mitsubishi Heavy Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Motors" title="Mitsubishi Motors">Mitsubishi Motors</a> (66%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuso_(company)" title="Fuso (company)">Mitsubishi Fuso</a> (10.71%)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsuoka" title="Mitsuoka">Mitsuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissan" title="Nissan">Nissan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_Kokuki" title="Aichi Kokuki">Cony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datsun" title="Datsun">Datsun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infiniti" title="Infiniti">Infiniti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyu_Kogyo_Kurogane" title="Tokyu Kogyo Kurogane">Kurogane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohta_Jidosha" title="Ohta Jidosha">Ohta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otomo_(automobile)" title="Otomo (automobile)">Otomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Motor_Company" title="Prince Motor Company">Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissan_Shatai" title="Nissan Shatai">Shatai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Motor_Company" title="Prince Motor Company">Tama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Honda_Mobility" title="Sony Honda Mobility">Sony Honda Mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subaru_Corporation" title="Subaru Corporation">Subaru Corporation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subaru_Legacy_(third_generation)#Models" title="Subaru Legacy (third generation)">Blitzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subaru" title="Subaru">Subaru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzuki" title="Suzuki">Suzuki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hope_Motor_Company" title="Hope Motor Company">Hope</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takeoka_Auto_Craft" title="Takeoka Auto Craft">Takeoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu" title="Daihatsu">Daihatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scion_(automobile)" title="Scion (automobile)">Scion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexus" title="Lexus">Lexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hino_Motors" title="Hino Motors">Hino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WiLL" title="WiLL">WiLL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Motor_Company" title="Yamaha Motor Company">Yamaha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company_of_Japan" title="Ford Motor Company of Japan">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Japan" title="General Motors Japan">General Motors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active factories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Toyota_manufacturing_facilities#Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Toyota manufacturing facilities">Toyota Factories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct factories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nissan_Heritage_Collection" title="Nissan Heritage Collection">Zama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aisin" title="Aisin">Aisin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akebono_Brake_Industry" title="Akebono Brake Industry">Akebono Brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BluE_Nexus" title="BluE Nexus">BluE Nexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgestone" title="Bridgestone">Bridgestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarion_(company)" title="Clarion (company)">Clarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denso" title="Denso">Denso</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denso_Ten" title="Denso Ten">Denso Ten</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GS_Yuasa" title="GS Yuasa">GS Yuasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitachi#Hitachi_Astemo" title="Hitachi">Hitachi Astemo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keihin_Corporation" title="Keihin Corporation">Keihin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissin_Kogyo" title="Nissin Kogyo">Nissin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showa_Corporation" title="Showa Corporation">Showa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HKS_(company)" title="HKS (company)">HKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IHI_Corporation" title="IHI Corporation">IHI Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatco" class="mw-redirect" title="Jatco">Jatco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JECS" title="JECS">JECS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JTEKT" title="JTEKT">JTEKT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_Heavy_Industries" title="Kawasaki Heavy Industries">Kawasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayaba_Industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Kayaba Industry">Kayaba Industry</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mabuchi Motor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marelli_Holdings" title="Marelli Holdings">Marelli Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikuni_(company)" title="Mikuni (company)">Mikuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsuba_Corporation" title="Mitsuba Corporation">Mitsuba Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachi-Fujikoshi" title="Nachi-Fujikoshi">Nachi-Fujikoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK_Spring_Company" title="NHK Spring Company">NHK Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidec" title="Nidec">Nidec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisshinbo_Holdings" title="Nisshinbo Holdings">Nisshinbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niterra" title="Niterra">Niterra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSK_Ltd." title="NSK Ltd.">NSK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTN_Corporation" title="NTN Corporation">NTN Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PIAA_Corporation" title="PIAA Corporation">PIAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shindengen_Electric_Manufacturing" title="Shindengen Electric Manufacturing">Shindengen Electric Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Electric" title="Stanley Electric">Stanley Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumitomo_Riko" title="Sumitomo Riko">Sumitomo Riko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumitomo_Rubber_Industries" title="Sumitomo Rubber Industries">Sumitomo Rubber Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takata_Corporation" title="Takata Corporation">Takata Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THK_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="THK (company)">THK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokico" title="Tokico">Tokico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topre" title="Topre">Topre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topy_Industries" title="Topy Industries">Topy Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyo_Tire_%26_Rubber_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyo Tire & Rubber Company">Toyo Tire & Rubber Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Boshoku" title="Toyota Boshoku">Toyota Boshoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsubakimoto_Chain" title="Tsubakimoto Chain">Tsubakimoto Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanmar" title="Yanmar">Yanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazaki_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yazaki Corporation">Yazaki Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokohama_Rubber_Company" title="Yokohama Rubber Company">Yokohama Rubber Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zexel" title="Zexel">Zexel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motorsport and tuners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autech" title="Autech">Autech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blitz_(company)" title="Blitz (company)">Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_(constructor)" title="Dome (constructor)">Dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enkei_Corporation" title="Enkei Corporation">Enkei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GReddy" title="GReddy">GReddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HKS_(company)" title="HKS (company)">HKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honda_Racing_Corporation" title="Honda Racing Corporation">Honda Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impul" title="Impul">Impul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JUN_Auto" title="JUN Auto">JUN Auto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kojima_Engineering" title="Kojima Engineering">Kojima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdaspeed" title="Mazdaspeed">Mazdaspeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mine%27s" title="Mine's">Mine's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugen_Motorsports" title="Mugen Motorsports">Mugen Motorsports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nismo" title="Nismo">Nismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralliart" title="Ralliart">Ralliart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rays_Wheels" title="Rays Wheels">Rays Wheels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RE_Amemiya" title="RE Amemiya">RE Amemiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARD" title="SARD">SARD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoon_Sports" title="Spoon Sports">Spoon Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSR_Wheels" title="SSR Wheels">SSR Wheels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subaru_Tecnica_International" title="Subaru Tecnica International">Subaru Tecnica International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tein_(company)" title="Tein (company)">Tein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toda_Racing" title="Toda Racing">Toda Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommykaira" title="Tommykaira">Tommykaira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Secret_(company)" title="Top Secret (company)">Top Secret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOM%27S" title="TOM'S">TOM'S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Gazoo_Racing" title="Toyota Gazoo Racing">Toyota Gazoo Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Racing_Development" title="Toyota Racing Development">Toyota Racing Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veilside" title="Veilside">Veilside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WedsSport" class="mw-redirect" title="WedsSport">WedsSport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_Wheels" title="Work Wheels">Work Wheels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autobacs_Seven" title="Autobacs Seven">Autobacs Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanase_(car_dealership)" title="Yanase (car dealership)">Yanase Imported Cars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Automobile_Manufacturers_Association" title="Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association">Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Motor_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyo Motor Show">Tokyo Motor Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Auto_Salon" title="Tokyo Auto Salon">Tokyo Auto Salon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_used_vehicle_exporting" title="Japanese used vehicle exporting">Used vehicle exporting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_highways_of_Japan" title="National highways of Japan">National Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressways_of_Japan" title="Expressways of Japan">Expressways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Note: Defunct companies and marques above are shown in italics</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Automotive_industry_in_Japan" title="Category:Automotive industry in Japan">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Automotive_industry_in_Japan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Automotive industry in Japan">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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