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method="get"><div class='flex'> <input placeholder="Search Catalog" aria-label="Search Catalog" class="typeahead-taxa-js-hook placeholder:text-sm" type="text" name="qq" /> <input type="hidden" name="searching_from_header" value="true" autocomplete="off" /> <button type="submit" class="-ml-8 z-10"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2.5" stroke="currentColor" class="text-ac-blue h-5 w-5"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M21 21l-5.197-5.197m0 0A7.5 7.5 0 105.196 5.196a7.5 7.5 0 0010.607 10.607z"></path> </svg> </button></div> </form></li> </ul> <ul class='no-bullet [&>*]:py-1'> <li><a href="/references/latest_additions">References</a></li> <li><a href="/">Catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/users/sign_in">Login</a></li> <li><a href="/users/sign_up">Sign up</a></li> <li><a href="/feedbacks/new?page=catalog%2F430147">Suggest an edit</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class='clear-both'></div> <div class='pb-12 hidden lg:block'> <div class='float-left'> An Online Catalog of the Ants of the World <span class='text-sm'>by Barry Bolton</span> </div> </div> </div> </header> <section class='px-4 pt-10 pb-32 min-h-[65vh]'> <div id='fireworks'></div> <div class='layout-container'> <div class='mb-8' id='breadcrumbs'> <div class='float-left'> <a href="/">Catalog</a> &rsaquo; <a class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a> &rsaquo; <a class="valid" href="/catalog/430147">Paraponerinae</a> </div> <div class='clear-both'></div> <div class='clear-both'></div> </div> <div class='row'> <div class='medium-9'>  <span class='text-lg font-bold mr-1'><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430147/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430147">Paraponerinae</a></span> Emery, 1901 <span class='text-sm'> valid </span>  <div class='mb-4'> <span class='font-bold mr-1' data-testid='catalog-protonym-name'> <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/protonyms/155878/hover_preview.json" class="protonym" href="/protonyms/155878">Paraponerii</a> </span> <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124641/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124641">Emery, 1901b</a>: 36 Type-genus: <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430149/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430149"><i>Paraponera</i></a> </div>   <div class='mb-8'> </div>     <ul class='mb-8'> <li><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430147/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430147">Paraponerinae</a> as subfamily of <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>: <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130789/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130789">Bolton, 2003</a>: 47, 178; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130828/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130828">Brady <i>et al.</i>, 2006</a>: 18173; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131881/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131881">Moreau <i>et al.</i>, 2006</a>: 102; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131969/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131969">Ouellette <i>et al.</i>, 2006</a>: 365; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132572/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132572">Ward, 2007c</a>: 555; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142740/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142740">Boudinot, 2015</a>: 47.</li> </ul>     <div class='mb-8'> <div> <span class='font-bold'>Tribes of Paraponerinae:</span> <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430148/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430148">Paraponerini</a> </div> </div>  <div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>Subfamily <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430147/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430147">Paraponerinae</a> references</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130789/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130789">Bolton, 2003</a>: 47 (diagnosis, classification); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130828/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130828">Brady <i>et al.</i>, 2006</a>: 18173 (phylogeny); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131881/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131881">Moreau <i>et al.</i>, 2006</a>: 102 (phylogeny); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131969/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131969">Ouellette <i>et al.</i>, 2006</a>: 365 (phylogeny); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132572/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132572">Ward, 2007c</a>: 555 (classification); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142740/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142740">Boudinot, 2015</a>: 47 (male diagnosis); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143656/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143656">Fernandes <i>et al.</i>, 2015</a>: 43 (phylogeny, taxonomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143441/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143441">Delsinne <i>et al.</i>, 2019</a>: 637 (Colombia species); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144364/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144364">Feitosa & Dias, 2024</a>: 75 (key to Brazil genera).</p> </div> </div>  <div class='mb-12'></div> <h5 class='font-bold'>Citations</h5> <ul> <li class='group/citations-reference [&_a]:break-words'> <a href="/authors/6762">Bolton, B.</a> 2003. <a href="/references/130789">Synopsis and classification of Formicidae.</a> Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71:1-370. <a class="pdf-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://antcat.org/documents/3806/20263.pdf">PDF</a> </li> <li class='group/citations-reference [&_a]:break-words'> <a href="/authors/12552">Boudinot, B. E.</a> 2015. <a href="/references/142740">Contributions to the knowledge of Formicidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata): a new diagnosis of the family, the first global male-based key to subfamilies, and a treatment of early branching lineages.</a> European Journal of Taxonomy 120:1-62. <a class="pdf-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://antcat.org/documents/6385/242-article_text-1337-1-10-20150420.pdf">PDF</a> </li> <li class='group/citations-reference [&_a]:break-words'> <a href="/authors/9592">Brady, S. G.</a>; <a href="/authors/9451">Schultz, T. R.</a>; <a href="/authors/7733">Fisher, B. L.</a>; <a href="/authors/6927">Ward, P. S.</a> 2006. <a href="/references/130828">Evaluating alternative hypotheses for the early evolution and diversification of ants.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103:18172-18177. <a class="pdf-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://antcat.org/documents/3814/21124.pdf">PDF</a> </li> <li class='group/citations-reference [&_a]:break-words'> <a href="/authors/10246">Delsinne, T.</a>; <a href="/authors/11417">Sonet, G.</a>; <a href="/authors/9489">Arias-Penna, T. M.</a> 2019. <a href="/references/143441">Subfamilia Paraponerinae. Cap铆tulo 21.</a> Pp. 637-657 in: <a href="/authors/7720">Fern谩ndez, F.</a>; <a href="/authors/9871">Guerrero, R. J.</a>; <a href="/authors/10246">Delsinne, T.</a> (eds.) 2019d. <a href="/references/143435">Hormigas de Colombia.</a> Bogot谩: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 1198 pp. <a class="external-link" href="https://antcat.org/documents/7688/delsinne_et_al-_2019_-_hormigas_de_colombia_-dragged.pdf">PDF</a> </li> <li class='group/citations-reference [&_a]:break-words'> <a href="/authors/6835">Emery, C.</a> 1901b. <a href="/references/124641">Notes sur les sous-familles des Dorylines et Pon茅rines (Famille des Formicides).</a> Annales de la Soci茅t茅 Entomologique de Belgique 45:32-54. <a class="pdf-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://antcat.org/documents/1137/3820.pdf">PDF</a> </li> <li class='group/citations-reference [&_a]:break-words'> <a href="/authors/9857">Feitosa, R. M.</a>; <a href="/authors/12054">Dias, A. M.</a> 2024. <a href="/references/144364">An illustrated guide for the identification of ant subfamilies and genera in Brazil.</a> Insect Systematics & Evolution -:1-121. [online early] <a class="external-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1163/1876312X-bja10062">10.1163/1876312X-bja10062</a> <a class="pdf-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://antcat.org/documents/8661/feitosadias2024-identificationguidefortheantsofbrazil_compressed.pdf">PDF</a> </li> <li class='group/citations-reference [&_a]:break-words'> <a href="/authors/11475">Fernandes, I. O.</a>; <a href="/authors/12220">de Souza, J. L. P.</a>; <a href="/authors/12055">Baccaro, F. B.</a> 2015. <a href="/references/143656">Estado da arte sobre a filogenia, taxonomia e biologia de Paraponerinae.</a> Pp. 43-54 in: <a href="/authors/9840">Delabie, J. H. C.</a>; <a href="/authors/9857">Feitosa, R. M.</a>; <a href="/authors/9754">Serr茫o, J. E.</a>; <a href="/authors/10646">Mariano, C. S. F.</a>; <a href="/authors/9449">Majer, J. D.</a> (eds.) 2015. <a href="/references/143649">As formigas poneromorfas do Brasil.</a> Ilh茅us-Bahia: Editora da UESC, 477 pp. <a class="external-link" href="https://antcat.org/documents/8362/delabie_et_al_2015_as_formigas_poneromorfas_do_brasil.pdf">PDF</a> </li> <li class='group/citations-reference [&_a]:break-words'> <a href="/authors/10558">Moreau, C. S.</a>; <a href="/authors/10313">Bell, C. D.</a>; <a href="/authors/10314">Vila, R.</a>; <a href="/authors/9483">Archibald, S. B.</a>; <a href="/authors/9825">Pierce, N. E.</a> 2006. <a href="/references/131881">Phylogeny of the ants: diversification in the age of angiosperms.</a> Science (Washington, D. C.) 312:101-104. <a class="pdf-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://antcat.org/documents/4565/Moreau_et_al_2006_Science.pdf">PDF</a> </li> <li class='group/citations-reference [&_a]:break-words'> <a href="/authors/10407">Ouellette, G. D.</a>; <a href="/authors/7733">Fisher, B. L.</a>; <a href="/authors/9884">Girman, D. J.</a> 2006. <a href="/references/131969">Molecular systematics of basal subfamilies of ants using 28S rRNA (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).</a> Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40:359-369. <a class="pdf-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://antcat.org/documents/4585/Ouellette_et_al_2006_Mol_Phylogenet_Evol.pdf">PDF</a> </li> <li class='group/citations-reference [&_a]:break-words'> <a href="/authors/6927">Ward, P. S.</a> 2007c. <a href="/references/132572">Phylogeny, classification, and species-level taxonomy of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).</a> Zootaxa 1668:549-563. <a class="pdf-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://antcat.org/documents/4749/Ward_2007C_Zoootaxa.pdf">PDF</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class='medium-3'> <div class='callout-white mb-4'> <p>Extant: 1 valid tribe, 1 valid genus, 1 valid species</p><p>Fossil: 1 valid species</p> <a class="btn-default" href="/catalog/430147?include_full_statistics=true">More statistics</a> </div> <div class='callout-white'> <a class="external-link" href="https://www.antweb.org/description.do?rank=subfamily&subfamily=paraponerinae&project=worldants">AntWeb</a> <a class="external-link" href="https://www.antwiki.org/wiki/Paraponerinae">AntWiki</a> <a class="external-link" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Paraponerinae+Emery%2C+1901">Google Scholar</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class='sticky color-coded-catalog-links nottiny:bottom-0' id='taxon-browser'> <div class='bg-white overflow-hidden h-auto' id='taxon-browser-css-tabs'> <div class='hidden px-4' data-toggler-name='taxon_key'> <div class='flex justify-between gap-1 flex-wrap'> <div>&dagger;fossil</div> <div class='valid'>valid</div> <div class='synonym'>synonym</div> <div class='unidentifiable'>unidentifiable/excluded from Formicidae</div> <div class='homonym'>homonym</div> <div class='unavailable'>unavailable/nomen nudum</div> <div class='obsolete-combination'>obsolete combination</div> </div> </div> <input class='taxon-browser-tab-input hidden' id='taxon-browser-tab-0' name='taxon_browser_tab' type='radio' value='selected tab'> <label class='text-ac-blue-text py-1 px-4 !m-0' for='taxon-browser-tab-0'>Formicidae subfamilies</label> <input class='taxon-browser-tab-input hidden' id='taxon-browser-tab-1' name='taxon_browser_tab' type='radio' value='selected tab'> <label class='text-ac-blue-text py-1 px-4 !m-0' for='taxon-browser-tab-1'>Paraponerinae tribes</label> <input checked='checked' class='taxon-browser-tab-input hidden' id='taxon-browser-tab-2' name='taxon_browser_tab' type='radio' value='selected tab'> <label class='text-ac-blue-text py-1 px-4 !m-0' for='taxon-browser-tab-2'>All Paraponerinae genera</label> <div class='float-right hidden sm:block'> <button class='btn-neutral' data-action='click->toggler#toggle' data-toggler-target='taxon_key'>toggle legend</button> <span class='base__btn [&_a]:text-white bg-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-600 border-gray-500'> <a rel="nofollow" data-method="put" href="/catalog/toggle_view?show=valid_and_invalid">show invalid<i class="antcat_icon refresh"></i></a> </span> </div> <div class='hidden overflow-y-auto clear-right p-4 pt-0 min-h-[10rem] max-h-[24vh]' id='taxon-browser-tab-0-content'> <ul class='no-bullet py-2 columns-[9rem]'> <li class='uppercase whitespace-nowrap'><span class="label-white-smaller"><a href="/catalog/429011?view=all_genera_in_family">All genera</a></span></li> <li class='uppercase whitespace-nowrap'><span class="label-white-smaller"><a href="/catalog/429011?view=incertae_sedis_in_family">Incertae sedis</a></span></li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/430014">Agroecomyrmecinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/430020">Amblyoponinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/429060">Aneuretinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/507398">Apomyrminae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/430175">鈥燗rmaniinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/430196">鈥燘rownimeciinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/429071">Dolichoderinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/429481">Dorylinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/429497">Ectatomminae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/430199">鈥燜ormiciinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/429149">Formicinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/508390">鈥燞aidomyrmecinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/430164">Leptanillinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/430173">Martialinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/429387">Myrmeciinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/429529">Myrmicinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap selected'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/430147">Paraponerinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/430052">Ponerinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/430150">Proceratiinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/429404">Pseudomyrmecinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/430185">鈥燬phecomyrminae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/511088">鈥燴igrasimeciinae</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class='hidden overflow-y-auto clear-right p-4 pt-0 min-h-[10rem] max-h-[24vh]' id='taxon-browser-tab-1-content'> <ul class='no-bullet py-2 columns-[9rem]'> <li class='uppercase whitespace-nowrap'><span class="selected"><a href="/catalog/430147?view=all_genera_in_subfamily">All genera</a></span></li> <li class='uppercase whitespace-nowrap'><span class="label-white-smaller"><a href="/catalog/430147?view=without_tribe">Without tribe</a></span></li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid tribe" 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