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class="mw-page-title-main">Community settlement</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinschaftssiedlung_(Israel)" title="Gemeinschaftssiedlung (Israel) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gemeinschaftssiedlung (Israel)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asentamientos_comunitarios_en_Israel" title="Asentamientos comunitarios en Israel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asentamientos comunitarios en Israel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Village_communautaire_isra%C3%A9lien" title="Village communautaire israélien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Village communautaire israélien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insediamento_comunitario_(Israele)" title="Insediamento comunitario (Israele) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Insediamento comunitario (Israele)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%A7%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%99" title="יישוב קהילתי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יישוב קהילתי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jisjoev_kehilati" title="Jisjoev kehilati – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jisjoev kehilati" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellesbebyggelse_i_Israel" title="Fellesbebyggelse i Israel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fellesbebyggelse i Israel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellesbusetnad_i_Israel" title="Fellesbusetnad i Israel – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fellesbusetnad i Israel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli settlements">Israeli settlements</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nirit1_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Nirit1_%282%29.JPG/220px-Nirit1_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Nirit1_%282%29.JPG/330px-Nirit1_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Nirit1_%282%29.JPG/440px-Nirit1_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Nirit" title="Nirit">Nirit</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoshaya_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hoshaya_1.JPG/220px-Hoshaya_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hoshaya_1.JPG/330px-Hoshaya_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hoshaya_1.JPG/440px-Hoshaya_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption> View of <a href="/wiki/Hoshaya" title="Hoshaya">Hoshaya</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NatafMay132022_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/NatafMay132022_04.jpg/220px-NatafMay132022_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/NatafMay132022_04.jpg/330px-NatafMay132022_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/NatafMay132022_04.jpg/440px-NatafMay132022_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2668" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nataf" title="Nataf">Nataf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaean_Mountains" title="Judaean Mountains">Judaean Mountains</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>community settlement</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">יישוב קהילתי</span>, <i>Yishuv Kehilati</i>) is a type of town or village in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>. In an ordinary town, anyone may buy property, but in a community settlement, the village's residents are organized in a <a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">cooperative</a> and have the power to approve or to veto a sale of a house or a business to any buyer. Residents of a community settlement may have a particular shared ideology, religious perspective or desired lifestyle, which they wish to perpetuate by accepting only like-minded individuals. For example, a family-oriented community settlement that wishes to avoid becoming a retirement community may choose to accept only young married couples as new residents. </p><p>As distinct from the traditional Israeli development village, typified by the <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">kibbutz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moshav" title="Moshav">moshav</a>, the community settlement emerged in the 1970s as a non-political movement for new urban settlements in Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-Kellerman_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellerman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it essentially took shape as a new typology for settling the West Bank and the <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> as part of the goal of establishing a "demographic balance" between Jews and Arabs.<sup id="cite_ref-Weizman_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weizman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In practice, that means establishing Jewish-only settlements, which have the right to refuse Arabs from moving to them. Israeli courts have approved the policy in its ruling as well. The law explicitly prohibits explicit discrimination against members of other social groups, but it permits the admissions committees to reject candidates on such vague grounds as "unsuitability to the community's social life" or its "social-cultural fabric" or to "unique characteristics of the community as defined in its bylaws."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Human rights organizations argue that the law could still enable communities to discriminate against individuals based on factors such as sexual orientation, disability, or ethnicity, contravening both Israeli and international legal standards against discrimination.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, there were 118 community settlements with total population of 84,800 residents.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_settlement&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michmanim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Michmanim.jpg/220px-Michmanim.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Michmanim.jpg/330px-Michmanim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Michmanim.jpg/440px-Michmanim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="2024" /></a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Mikhmanim" title="Mikhmanim">Mikhmanim</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahuzat_Barak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Ahuzat_Barak.jpg/220px-Ahuzat_Barak.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Ahuzat_Barak.jpg/330px-Ahuzat_Barak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Ahuzat_Barak.jpg/440px-Ahuzat_Barak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Ahuzat_Barak" title="Ahuzat Barak">Ahuzat Barak</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The first community settlement in Israel was <a href="/wiki/Neve_Monosson" title="Neve Monosson">Neve Monosson</a>, in the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area, which was established in 1953. From 1977, the <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a> led government supported expansion of Israeli Jewish settlements in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>. Within a few years, community settlements were the most common localities in those regions. In 1981, the first such town, <a href="/wiki/Timrat" title="Timrat">Timrat</a> was established in the <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> region.<sup id="cite_ref-Samuel_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samuel-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Gershom_Gorenberg" title="Gershom Gorenberg">Gershom Gorenberg</a>, the term was adopted for a type of West Bank Israeli settlement by a 'maverick planner' in the <a href="/wiki/Gush_Emunim" title="Gush Emunim">Gush Emunim</a> movement. The settlement of <a href="/wiki/Ofra" title="Ofra">Ofra</a> was to form the model for later community settlements, whose founders wished to create a community that broke with the socialist model, one where people could farm privately, run businesses, or use the exclusive exurb village to commute to work in the metropolis. All residents were to share an "ideological-social background. The planning envisaged nuclear family housing in an amenable natural ambiance. The sum total of people in any such community was planned to be restricted to no more than a few hundred families.<sup id="cite_ref-Gorenberg_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gorenberg-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A seminal role in the extension of the model into the Palestinian territories was played by the <a href="/wiki/World_Zionist_Organization" title="World Zionist Organization">World Zionist Organization</a> (WZO) and <a href="/wiki/Amana_(organization)" title="Amana (organization)">Amanah</a>, Gush Emunim's settlement branch in the West Bank.<sup id="cite_ref-Weizman_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weizman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kellerman_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellerman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recognition of these <a href="/wiki/Exurb" title="Exurb">exurbs</a> as community settlements developed only gradually, since they differed from the standard norms of being 'cooperative' and 'productive'.<sup id="cite_ref-Kellerman_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellerman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gush Emunim pushed this type of settlement, designed in dense networks, because it was best suited to hilly terrain, where agricultural and water resources were poor, and where the density of Palestinian habitation high. Life was based on family networks and partial cooperation, adapted to housing white-collar people with jobs in Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-Efrat_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Efrat-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Elisha Efrat, Gush Emunim intended to establish Israeli Jewish settlement as an irreversible reality in the Palestinian territories.<sup id="cite_ref-Efrat_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Efrat-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mountain strip community settlements were developed in two strategically parallel lines: the first central string of settlements runs parallel to the main road connecting the five major Arab cities of <a href="/wiki/Jenin" title="Jenin">Jenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a>, while the second, east to the watershed, runs parallel to the Allon Highway. The objective of this design is to create blockages hindering Palestinians from expanding their towns in the direction of the road, and impeding the conurbation of their communities lying on either sides of the road.<sup id="cite_ref-Efrat_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Efrat-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concept was institutionalized in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drobless_Plan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drobless Plan (page does not exist)">Drobless Plan</a> (1978) drawn up by the WZO, which set down the guidelines for thwarting the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian state">Palestinian state</a> on the West Bank.<sup id="cite_ref-Farsakh_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farsakh-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first community settlement, <a href="/wiki/Ofra" title="Ofra">Ofra</a>, was established in 1975, and four of the first five settlements were unauthorized.<sup id="cite_ref-Kellerman_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellerman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reevaluation and recognition of such settlements as cooperative associations was based on the ascendancy to government of the <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a> party, which seconded the rapid growth of closed exurbs in which religious nationalists played a dominant role.<sup id="cite_ref-Gorenberg_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gorenberg-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kellerman_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellerman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Gush Emunim plan was eventually adopted by both the World Zionist Organization and Israel's Ministry of Agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-Efrat_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Efrat-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the ascendancy of the Likud Party, community settlements rapidly expanded in number: by 1987, there were a total of 95<sup id="cite_ref-Kellerman_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellerman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and two years later, most of the 115 settlements established were of this kind.<sup id="cite_ref-Farsakh_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farsakh-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such settlements were also attractive as destinations for "quality of life" secularists, for whom easy commuting to their metropolitan workplaces and the low cost of housing in settlements were notable incentives.<sup id="cite_ref-Gorenberg_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gorenberg-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Community settlements are in Israeli legal terms <a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">cooperative associations</a>: in practice they have been defined as 'private, members-only suburban village(s)'.<sup id="cite_ref-Weizman_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weizman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in an ordinary village anyone may buy property, in a <i>community settlement</i> the village's residents, who are organized in a cooperative, have approval (or veto power) over any sale of a house or a business.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Each community settlement has its own selection process for admitting residents, together with mechanisms for monitoring all aspects of communal life, from religious observance and ideological rigour, to how one uses the land outside one's home.<sup id="cite_ref-Weizman_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weizman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warnings accompany observed failures to live up to the principles of the community, and, if not taken into account, can lead to expulsion.<sup id="cite_ref-Weizman_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weizman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The design of these principles arose out of a perceived necessity of impeding Arabs from residing in such settlements.<sup id="cite_ref-Weizman_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weizman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Monitoring may have a particular shared ideology, religious perspective, or desired lifestyle which they wish to perpetuate by accepting only like-minded individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-Weizman_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weizman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In West Bank community settlements, single-family housing with private yards, which are emblems of status, are the most common residential type.<sup id="cite_ref-Kellerman_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellerman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike kibbutzim and moshavim, community settlements generally lack any agriculture and depend on residents commuting elsewhere for employment.<sup id="cite_ref-Kellerman_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellerman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this sense, they serve primarily as dormitory towns or quarters.<sup id="cite_ref-Kellerman_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellerman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_structure">Legal structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_settlement&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legal structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eshharsnow1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Eshharsnow1.JPG/220px-Eshharsnow1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Eshharsnow1.JPG/330px-Eshharsnow1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Eshharsnow1.JPG/440px-Eshharsnow1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Eshhar" title="Eshhar">Eshhar</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Legally, a community settlement operates as a <a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">cooperative</a> in which all property-owning residents must be members. To enforce the restrictions on reselling property, property on a community settlement is formally not sold, but rather <a href="/wiki/Lease" title="Lease">leased</a>. The land of the entire settlement is owned by one entity (usually the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_National_Fund" title="Jewish National Fund">Jewish National Fund</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Land_Administration" title="Israel Land Administration">Israel Land Administration</a>), which leases out individual plots only to members of the cooperative. In that sense, a community settlement is much like a village-sized <a href="/wiki/Housing_cooperative" title="Housing cooperative">housing cooperative</a>. </p><p>Israeli law bans the allocation of land resources on a preferential basis. According to Eyal Weizman, the community settlement system developed techniques to bypass those laws by having state land, either in Israel or in the Palestinian territories, placed in the custody of legal bodies registered in the United States, Jewish Agency or the World Zionist Organization. By this means, he asserts, the state of Israel was 'enabled to circumvent its own laws'.<sup id="cite_ref-Weizman_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weizman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The residents cooperative may also own private businesses and service industries within or in proximity to the settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-Kellerman_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellerman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are often used for keeping certain public facilities, such as <a href="/wiki/Preschool_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Preschool education">preschool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grocery_store" title="Grocery store">grocery stores</a>, sport facilities, youth clubs, <a href="/wiki/Swimming_pool" title="Swimming pool">swimming pools</a>, etc., in the hands of the entire community.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, unlike a <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">kibbutz</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Moshav" title="Moshav">moshav</a>, the economic cooperation between residents is very loose - most residents work outside the settlement, and residents only pay minimal <a href="/wiki/Property_tax" title="Property tax">property taxes</a> to the cooperative to help maintain the village and its public facilities. </p><p>Note that despite a popular misconception,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the mere existence of community-owned facilities is <i>not</i> what differentiates community settlements from ordinary villages, as most ordinary villages also have the same types of facilities - preschool, synagogues, sport centers and sometimes even swimming pools - owned and operated by the village. Likewise, the mere existence of a democratic body of residents which makes decisions and organizes events for the whole community is <i>not</i> a defining feature of community settlements; ordinary villages also have their own local governments which are democratically elected by their residents.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Most community settlements are small, typically amounting to communities of 50-500 families,<sup id="cite_ref-Kellerman_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellerman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are therefore too small to form their own separate formal <a href="/wiki/Municipalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities">municipalities</a>. Instead, the residents' cooperative is recognized by the state of Israel as a <a href="/wiki/Local_committee_(Israel)" title="Local committee (Israel)">local committee</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Several such local committees can, for example, form together a <a href="/wiki/Regional_council_(Israel)" title="Regional council (Israel)">regional council</a>, which is one of the three types of <a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">local government</a> in Israel. In practice, the regional council often has more impact on the residents' life than the cooperative of their own settlement. It is the regional council which will normally run schools, build roads, collect property taxes, and even run its own screening process. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_settlement&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To permanently move to a community settlement, potential residents must join the cooperative. An interview and acceptance process is often required to join the cooperative and move into the community. The <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Civil_Rights_in_Israel" title="Association for Civil Rights in Israel">Association for Civil Rights in Israel</a> has claimed that this screening process is designed to deny membership to <a href="/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel" title="Arab citizens of Israel">Arabs</a>, and that sometimes Jews of specific ethnic or socio-economic groups are also discriminated against. <a href="/wiki/Adalah_%E2%80%93_The_Legal_Center_for_Arab_Minority_Rights_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Adalah – The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel">Adalah – The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel</a> issued a press release:<sup id="cite_ref-adalah_pr_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adalah_pr-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>On 6 January 2009, the Supreme Court of Israel issued an order nisi (order to show cause) that compels the state to respond within 60 days to a petition filed by Adalah demanding the cancellation of admission committees in "community towns", which select among candidates who wish to live in these village. Overwhelmingly, these admissions committees exclude Arab families, Eastern Jews, single-parent families, gays, unmarried persons and other social groups from "community towns".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_settlement&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kellerman-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kellerman_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kellerman_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kellerman_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kellerman_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kellerman_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kellerman_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kellerman_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kellerman_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kellerman_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kellerman_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kellerman_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Aharon Kellerman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-J2VwQ_DS34C&pg=PA97"><i>Society and Settlement: Jewish Land of Israel in the Twentieth Century,</i></a> SUNY Press 2012 pp.94-102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weizman-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weizman_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weizman_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weizman_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weizman_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weizman_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weizman_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weizman_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weizman_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eyal Weizman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7b9g9wmisjIC&pg=PA125"><i>Hollow Land: Israel's Architecture of Occupation,</i></a> Verso Books, 2012 pp.125-130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/2014-09-18/ty-article/.premium/court-allows-villages-to-veto-residents/0000017f-e5a1-df5f-a17f-ffff98fd0000">"High Court Upholds Residential Screening Law, Enabling Jewish Villages to Keep Arabs Out"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=High+Court+Upholds+Residential+Screening+Law%2C+Enabling+Jewish+Villages+to+Keep+Arabs+Out&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2F2014-09-18%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fcourt-allows-villages-to-veto-residents%2F0000017f-e5a1-df5f-a17f-ffff98fd0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommunity+settlement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141221231540/https://www.cbs.gov.il/shnaton65/st02_21x.pdf">"Localities and population, by type of localitiy and population group"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Localities+and+population%2C+by+type+of+localitiy+and+population+group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20141221231540%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Fshnaton65%2Fst02_21x.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommunity+settlement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Samuel-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Samuel_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peopleil.org/DetailsEn.aspx?itemID=7874">"Residential Environment of Israel's Community Settlements"</a>. Samuel Neaman Institute for Advanced Studies in Science and Technology.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Residential+Environment+of+Israel%27s+Community+Settlements&rft.pub=Samuel+Neaman+Institute+for+Advanced+Studies+in+Science+and+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peopleil.org%2FDetailsEn.aspx%3FitemID%3D7874&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommunity+settlement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gorenberg-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gorenberg_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gorenberg_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gorenberg_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gershom_Gorenberg" title="Gershom Gorenberg">Gershom Gorenberg</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=erxEctr2oUUC&pg=PA352"><i>Occupied Territories: The Untold Story of Israel's Settlements,</i></a> I.B.Tauris, 2006 pp.353,368.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Efrat-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Efrat_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Efrat_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Efrat_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Efrat_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Elisha Efrat, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hi59AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA38"><i>The West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Geography of Occupation and Disengagement,</i></a> Routledge 2006 pp.31,37-8, pp95-6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Farsakh-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Farsakh_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Farsakh_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Leila Farsakh, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZ-AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA48"><i>Palestinian Labour Migration to Israel: Labour, Land and Occupation,</i></a> Routledge 2005 pp.48-51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-adalah_pr-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-adalah_pr_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090210051404/http://www.adalah.org/eng/pressreleases/pr.php?file=09_01_26">"Following Adalah's Petition Supreme Court Orders State to Respond as to Why Admissions Committees, which Overwhelming Exclude Arab Citizens of Israel from Living in "Community Towns", are Legal"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Civil_Rights_in_Israel" title="Association for Civil Rights in Israel">Association for Civil Rights in Israel</a>. 26 January 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adalah.org/eng/pressreleases/pr.php?file=09_01_26">the original</a> on 10 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Following+Adalah%27s+Petition+Supreme+Court+Orders+State+to+Respond+as+to+Why+Admissions+Committees%2C+which+Overwhelming+Exclude+Arab+Citizens+of+Israel+from+Living+in+%22Community+Towns%22%2C+are+Legal&rft.pub=Association+for+Civil+Rights+in+Israel&rft.date=2009-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adalah.org%2Feng%2Fpressreleases%2Fpr.php%3Ffile%3D09_01_26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommunity+settlement" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090210051404/http://www.adalah.org/eng/pressreleases/pr.php?file=09_01_26">"Adalah: Press Release"</a>. <i>www.adalah.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adalah.org/uploads/oldfiles/eng/pressreleases/pr.php?file=09_01_26">the original</a> on 10 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.adalah.org&rft.atitle=Adalah%3A+Press+Release&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adalah.org%2Fuploads%2Foldfiles%2Feng%2Fpressreleases%2Fpr.php%3Ffile%3D09_01_26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommunity+settlement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cooperative_types_of_settlement_in_Israel" title="Template:Cooperative types of settlement in Israel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cooperative_types_of_settlement_in_Israel" title="Template talk:Cooperative types of settlement in Israel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cooperative_types_of_settlement_in_Israel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cooperative types of settlement in Israel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cooperative_settlements_in_Israel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cooperative settlements in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">Kibbutz</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kibbutzim" title="List of kibbutzim">List of kibbutzim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakhshara" title="Hakhshara">Hakhshara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbutz_volunteer" title="Kibbutz volunteer">Kibbutz volunteer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_kibbutz" title="Urban kibbutz">Urban kibbutz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Community settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshav" title="Moshav">Moshav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshav_shitufi" title="Moshav shitufi">Moshav shitufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_village" title="Youth village">Youth village</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Settlement_movement_(Israel)" title="Settlement movement (Israel)">movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Existing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Union" title="Agricultural Union">Agricultural Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amana_(organization)" title="Amana (organization)">Amana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dror-Israel" title="Dror-Israel">Dror-Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HaMerkaz_HaHakla%27i" title="HaMerkaz HaHakla'i">HaMerkaz HaHakla'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HaOved_HaTzioni" title="HaOved HaTzioni">HaOved HaTzioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapoel_HaMizrachi" title="Hapoel HaMizrachi">Hapoel HaMizrachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitahdut_HaIkarim" title="Hitahdut HaIkarim">Hitahdut HaIkarim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbutz_Movement" title="Kibbutz Movement">Kibbutz Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishkei_Herut_Beitar" title="Mishkei Herut Beitar">Mishkei Herut Beitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshavim_Movement" title="Moshavim Movement">Moshavim Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poalei_Agudat_Yisrael" title="Poalei Agudat Yisrael">Poalei Agudat Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Kibbutz_Movement" title="Religious Kibbutz Movement">Religious Kibbutz Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>HaKibbutz HaMeuhad</li> <li>Ihud HaKvutzot VeHaKibbutzim</li> <li>Kibbutz Artzi</li> <li>United Kibbutz Movement</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kibbutz_communal_child_rearing_and_collective_education" title="Kibbutz communal child rearing and collective education">Communal child rearing and collective education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbutz_crisis" title="Kibbutz crisis">Kibbutz crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_land_purchase_in_Palestine" title="Jewish land purchase in Palestine">Jewish land purchase in Palestine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_jurisdiction_types_of_Israel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Israeli_administrative_jurisdictions" title="Template:Israeli administrative jurisdictions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Israeli_administrative_jurisdictions" title="Template talk:Israeli administrative jurisdictions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli_administrative_jurisdictions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli administrative jurisdictions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_jurisdiction_types_of_Israel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administrative jurisdiction types of Israel</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Israel" title="Districts of Israel">Districts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sub-districts</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Municipalities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_council_(Israel)" title="City council (Israel)">City council</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Industrial_local_council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Industrial local council (page does not exist)">Industrial council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_council_(Israel)" title="Local council (Israel)">Local council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_council_(Israel)" title="Regional council (Israel)">Regional council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_area_(Israel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natural area (Israel) (page does not exist)">Natural areas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fourth level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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