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(philosophy)</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Construct_(philosophy)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a></li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:Construct_(philosophy)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a></li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Construct_(philosophy)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Construct+(philosophy)&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Construct_(philosophy)&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Not to be confused with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Social_construct_(disambiguation)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Social construct (disambiguation) (page does not exist)">Social construct</a>. </div> <p>In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philosophy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>, a <b>construct</b> is an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Object_(philosophy)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Object (philosophy)">object</a> which is <i>ideal</i>, that is, an object of the mind or of thought, meaning that its existence may be said to depend upon a subject's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mind?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mind">mind</a>. This contrasts with any possibly <i>mind-independent</i> objects, the existence of which purportedly does not depend on the existence of a conscious observing subject.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Construct_(philosophy)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the distinction between these two terms may be compared to that between <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phenomenon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phenomenon">phenomenon</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Noumenon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Noumenon">noumenon</a> in other philosophical contexts and to many of the typical definitions of the terms <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philosophical_realism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philosophical realism">realism</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idealism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Idealism">idealism</a> also. In the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Correspondence_theory_of_truth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Correspondence theory of truth">correspondence theory of truth</a>, ideas, such as constructs, are to be judged and checked according to how well they correspond with their <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reference?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reference">referents</a>, often conceived as part of a <i>mind-independent</i> reality.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Bobo_doll-en.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Bobo_doll-en.svg/140px-Bobo_doll-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Bobo_doll-en.svg/210px-Bobo_doll-en.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Bobo_doll-en.svg/280px-Bobo_doll-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000"></a> <figcaption> An object's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Center_of_mass?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Center of mass">center of mass</a> certainly "exists" in some sense, but not in the same sense in which the object itself does. </figcaption> </figure> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Construct_(philosophy)&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Overview" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>As mind-dependent objects, concepts that are typically viewed as constructs include the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abstract_objects?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract objects">abstract objects</a> designated by such symbols as 3 or 4, or words such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberty">liberty</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cold?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cold">cold</a> as they are seen as a result of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inductive_reasoning?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inductive reasoning">induction</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abstraction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abstraction">abstraction</a> that can be later applied to observable objects or compared to other constructs. Therefore, scientific <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hypotheses?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypotheses">hypotheses</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theories?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Theories">theories</a> (e.g. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evolutionary_theory?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary theory">evolutionary theory</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravitational_theory?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitational theory">gravitational theory</a>), as well as classifications (for example, in biological <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomy</a>), are also conceptual entities often considered to be constructs in the aforementioned sense. In contrast, most everyday, concrete things that surround the observer can be classified as objective (in the sense of being "real," that is, believed to be existing externally to the observer).</p> <p>How much of what the observer perceives is objective is controversial, so the exact definition of constructs varies greatly across different views and philosophies. The view that the senses capture most or all of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Property_(philosophy)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Property (philosophy)">properties</a> of external objects directly is usually associated with the term <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Direct_realism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct realism">direct realism</a>. Many forms of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nominalism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nominalism">nominalism</a> ascribe the process of conceptual construction to language itself, for instance, constructing the idea of "fishness" by drawing distinctions between the word "fish" and other words (such as "rock") or through some kind of resemblance between the referents that the class implied by the word encompasses. Conversely, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Platonic_idealism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Platonic idealism">Platonic idealism</a> generally maintains that a "reality" independent of the subject exists, though this reality is seen as ideal, not physical or material, and so it cannot be known by the senses. As such, the <i>idea</i> of "liberty" or "coldness" is just as <i>real</i> as that of "rockness" or "fishness."</p> <p>The creation of constructs is a part of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Operationalization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Operationalization">operationalization</a>, especially the creation of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theoretical_definition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theoretical definition">theoretical definitions</a>. The usefulness of one conceptualization over another depends largely on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Construct_validity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Construct validity">construct validity</a>. To address the non-observability of constructs, U.S. federal agencies such as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Cancer_Institute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Cancer Institute">National Cancer Institute</a> have created a construct database termed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grid-Enabled_Measures?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grid-Enabled Measures">Grid-Enabled Measures</a> (GEM) to improve construct use and reuse.</p> <p>In the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philosophy_of_science?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philosophy of science">philosophy of science</a>, particularly in reference to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scientific_theories?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific theories">scientific theories</a>, a <b>hypothetical construct</b> is an explanatory variable which is not directly observable. For example, the concepts of <i>intelligence</i> and <i>motivation</i> are used to explain phenomena in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Psychology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Psychology">psychology</a>, but neither is directly observable. A hypothetical construct differs from an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intervening_variable?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Intervening variable">intervening variable</a> in that it has properties and implications which have not been demonstrated in empirical research. These serve as a guide to further research. An intervening variable, on the other hand, is a summary of observed empirical findings.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Construct_(philosophy)&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Cronbach and Meehl (1955) define a hypothetical construct as a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Concept?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Concept">concept</a> for which there is not a single observable referent, which cannot be directly observed, and for which there exist multiple referents, but none all-inclusive.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Construct_(philosophy)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, according to Cronbach and Meehl a fish is not a hypothetical construct because, despite variation in species and varieties of fish, there is an agreed upon definition for a fish with specific characteristics that distinguish a fish from a bird. Furthermore, a fish can be directly observed. On the other hand, a hypothetical construct has no single referent; rather, hypothetical constructs consist of groups of functionally related behaviors, attitudes, processes, and experiences. Instead of seeing intelligence, love, or fear we see indicators or manifestations of what we have agreed to call intelligence, love, or fear.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Symptoms_of_leukemia.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Symptoms_of_leukemia.png/220px-Symptoms_of_leukemia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1154"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 178px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Symptoms_of_leukemia.png/220px-Symptoms_of_leukemia.png" data-width="220" data-height="178" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Symptoms_of_leukemia.png/330px-Symptoms_of_leukemia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Symptoms_of_leukemia.png/440px-Symptoms_of_leukemia.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Diseases like Leukemia are important explanatory concepts, but do not 'exist' in the same way as a rock or a pencil </figcaption> </figure> <p>McCorquodale and Meehl (1948) discussed the distinction between what they called intervening variables and these hypothetical constructs.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Construct_(philosophy)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They describe hypothetical constructs as containing surplus meaning, as they imply more than just the operations by which they are measured.</p> <p>In the positivist tradition, Boring (1923) described intelligence as whatever the intelligence test measures.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Construct_(philosophy)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a reaction to such <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Operational_definition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Operational definition">operational definitions</a>, Cronbach and Meehl (1955) emphasized the necessity of viewing constructs like intelligence as hypothetical constructs. They asserted that there is no adequate criterion for the operational definition of constructs like abilities and personality. Thus, according to Cronbach and Meehl (1955), a useful construct of intelligence or personality should imply more than simply test scores. Instead, these constructs should predict a wide range of behaviors.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Construct_(philosophy)&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Construct_(philosophy)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bunge, M. 1974. <i>Treatise on Basic Philosophy, Vol. I Semantics I: Sense and Reference</i>. Dordrecth-Boston: Reidel Publishing Co.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Construct_(philosophy)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cronbach, L.J., and Meehl, P.E. (1955) "Construct validity in psychological tests", <i>Psychological Bulletin</i> <b>52</b>:281-302.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Construct_(philosophy)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MacCorquodale, K.,& Meehl, P.E. (1948). "On a distinction between hypothetical constructs and intervening variables", <i>Psychological Review</i> <b>55</b>:95-107.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Construct_(philosophy)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boring, E.G. (1923) "Intelligence as the tests test it", <i>New Republic</i> <b>36</b>:35-37.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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