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organization participation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_organization_participation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Politics of Papua New Guinea</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/170px-National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/255px-National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/340px-National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="580" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">The Crown</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Monarchy of Papua New Guinea">Monarch</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Governor-General of Papua New Guinea">Governor-General</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dadae" title="Bob Dadae">Bob Dadae</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Executive</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Papua New Guinea">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea">Prime Minister</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/James_Marape" title="James Marape">James Marape</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Legislature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Parliament_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="National Parliament of Papua New Guinea">National Parliament</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_National_Parliament_of_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="List of speakers of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea">Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/Job_Pomat" title="Job Pomat">Job Pomat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Papua New Guinea)">Leader of the Opposition</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="List of political parties in Papua New Guinea">Political parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Elections</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Recent <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Elections in Papua New Guinea">elections</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>General: <a href="/wiki/2012_Papua_New_Guinean_general_election" title="2012 Papua New Guinean general election">2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Papua_New_Guinean_general_election" title="2017 Papua New Guinean general election">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Papua_New_Guinean_general_election" title="2022 Papua New Guinean general election">2022</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Judiciary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><dl><dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Court_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Court of Papua New Guinea (page does not exist)">National Court</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea">Supreme Court</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Administrative divisions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Administrative divisions of Papua New Guinea">Administrative divisions</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Regions of Papua New Guinea">Regions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Provinces of Papua New Guinea">Provinces</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Districts of Papua New Guinea">Districts</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Local-level_governments_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Local-level governments of Papua New Guinea">Local-level governments</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Foreign relations of Papua New Guinea">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Papua New Guinea)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Soroi_Eoe" title="Soroi Eoe">Soroi Eoe</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="List of diplomatic missions of Papua New Guinea">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="List of diplomatic missions in Papua New Guinea">in Papua New Guinea</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_passport" title="Papua New Guinean passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Papua_New_Guinean_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Papua New Guinean citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Visa policy of Papua New Guinea">Visa policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_Papua_New_Guinean_constitutional_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2011–12 Papua New Guinean constitutional crisis">2011–12 constitutional crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Corruption in Papua New Guinea">Corruption</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/New_guinea_blank.svg/32px-New_guinea_blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/New_guinea_blank.svg/48px-New_guinea_blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/New_guinea_blank.svg/64px-New_guinea_blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="867" data-file-height="452" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Guinea" title="Portal:New Guinea">New Guinea portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Template:Politics of Papua New Guinea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Template talk:Politics of Papua New Guinea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Papua New Guinea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>politics of Papua New Guinea</b> takes place in a framework of a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party system</a>, whereby the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_the_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of the Papua New Guinea">prime minister</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>. <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> is an independent <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realm</a>, with the monarch serving as head of state and a <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Governor-General of Papua New Guinea">governor-general</a>, nominated by the <a href="/wiki/National_Parliament_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="National Parliament of Papua New Guinea">National Parliament</a>, serving as their representative. <a href="/wiki/Executive_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive power">Executive power</a> is exercised by the government. <a href="/wiki/Legislative_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative power">Legislative power</a> is vested in both the <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> and parliament. </p><p>Constitutional safeguards include freedom of speech, press, worship, movement, and association. The <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciary</a> is independent of the executive and the legislature. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Executive_branch">Executive branch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Executive branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:492px;max-width:492px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Main office-holders</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:161px;max-width:161px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:224px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Charles_III_(July_2023).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg/159px-King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg/239px-King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg/318px-King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="1025" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">The Head of State and <a href="/wiki/Monarch_of_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarch of Papua New Guinea">King of Papua New Guinea</a>:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></b><br />since<br /><span class="nowrap">9 September 2022</span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:153px;max-width:153px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:224px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Bob_Dadae_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sir_Bob_Dadae_%28cropped%29.jpg/151px-Sir_Bob_Dadae_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sir_Bob_Dadae_%28cropped%29.jpg/227px-Sir_Bob_Dadae_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sir_Bob_Dadae_%28cropped%29.jpg/302px-Sir_Bob_Dadae_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="892" data-file-height="1330" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">The <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Governor-General of Papua New Guinea">Governor-General of Papua New Guinea</a>:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dadae" title="Bob Dadae">Bob Dadae</a></b><br />since<br /><span class="nowrap">28 February 2017</span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:224px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Marape,_February_2020_(GPO035)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/James_Marape%2C_February_2020_%28GPO035%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-James_Marape%2C_February_2020_%28GPO035%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/James_Marape%2C_February_2020_%28GPO035%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-James_Marape%2C_February_2020_%28GPO035%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/James_Marape%2C_February_2020_%28GPO035%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="281" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">The <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea">Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea</a>:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/James_Marape" title="James Marape">James Marape</a></b><br />since<br /><span class="nowrap">30 May 2019</span></div></div></div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Monarch_of_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarch of Papua New Guinea">Monarch of Papua New Guinea</a> is represented in <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> by a governor general who acts on the advice of the prime minister and the cabinet. The <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Governor-General of Papua New Guinea">governor-general of Papua New Guinea</a> is elected by parliament. </p><p>The governments of Papua New Guinea are characterized by weak political parties and highly unstable parliamentary coalitions. The <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">prime minister</a>, elected by Parliament, chooses the other members of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Papua New Guinea">cabinet</a>. Each ministry is headed by a cabinet member, who is assisted by a permanent secretary, a career public servant, who directs the staff of the ministry. The cabinet consists of members, including the <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">prime minister</a> and ministers of executive departments. They answer politically to the parliament. </p><p>The governor general appoints the chief justice of the supreme court on the advice of the prime minister and the <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Papua New Guinea)">leader of the opposition</a>. The governor general appoints the other justices with the advice of a judicial commission. The <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council" title="Judicial Committee of the Privy Council">Judicial Committee of the Privy Council</a> (based in the United Kingdom) serves as the highest appellate court. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislative_branch">Legislative branch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legislative branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_Parliament_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="National Parliament of Papua New Guinea">National Parliament of Papua New Guinea</a></div> <p>Papua New Guinea has a unicameral <a href="/wiki/National_Parliament_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="National Parliament of Papua New Guinea">National Parliament</a>, previously known as the House of Assembly. It has 111 seats, with 89 elected from single-member "Open" electorates and 22 from province-level "Provincial" electorates. Members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms. The <a href="/wiki/2022_Papua_New_Guinean_general_election" title="2022 Papua New Guinean general election">most recent</a> election was held in June to July of 2022. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Members of Parliament</a> are elected from the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Provinces of Papua New Guinea">nineteen provinces</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Capital_District_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="National Capital District (Papua New Guinea)">National Capital District</a>. After independence in 1975, members were elected by the <a href="/wiki/First_past_the_post" class="mw-redirect" title="First past the post">first past the post</a> system, with winners frequently gaining less than 15% of the vote. Electoral reforms in 2001 introduced the Limited Preferential Vote system (LPV), a modified version of <a href="/wiki/Instant-runoff_voting" title="Instant-runoff voting">alternative vote</a>, where voters number their first three choices among the candidates. The first general election to use LPV was held in 2007. </p><p>Parliament introduced reforms in June 1995 to change the provincial government system, with provincial members of Parliament becoming provincial governors, while retaining their national seats in Parliament. However, if a provincial member accepts a position as a cabinet minister, the role of governor falls to one of the Open members of Parliament from the province. </p><p>As of 1 February 2019, Papua New Guinea was one of only three countries in the world out of 235 that had no women in its legislative branch or parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have only been seven women elected to parliament ever, one of the lowest rates of legislative representation in the world. See <i>main article <a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_National_Parliament_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Women in the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea">Women in the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea</a> </i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_parties_and_elections">Political parties and elections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political parties and elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other political parties, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="List of political parties in Papua New Guinea">List of political parties in Papua New Guinea</a>. An overview on elections and election results is included in <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Elections in Papua New Guinea">Elections in Papua New Guinea</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022_parliamentary_election_results">2022 parliamentary election results</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2022 parliamentary election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2022_Papua_New_Guinean_general_election" title="2022 Papua New Guinean general election">2022 Papua New Guinean general election</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judicial_branch">Judicial branch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Judicial branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Law of Papua New Guinea">Law of Papua New Guinea</a></div> <p>Papua New Guinea's judiciary is independent of the government. It protects constitutional rights and interprets the laws. There are several levels, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea">Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea</a>. </p><p>There is a <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea">Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea</a>, not separately constituted but an appellate Full Court of the National Court. Its <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Justice">chief justice</a>, also the chief justice of the National Court, is appointed by the governor general on the proposal of the National Executive Council after consultation with the minister responsible for justice. Other justices of the National Court, who are available to sit as members of ad hoc benches of the supreme court, are appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provincial_government">Provincial government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Provincial government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Provinces of Papua New Guinea">Provinces of Papua New Guinea</a></div> <p>Reforms in June 1995 changed the provincial government system. Regional (at-large) members of Parliament became provincial governors, while retaining their national seats in Parliament. </p><p>Papua New Guinea has 22 province-level divisions: twenty <a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">provinces</a>, one autonomous province (<a href="/wiki/Bougainville_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bougainville Province">Bougainville</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/National_Capital_District,_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="National Capital District, Papua New Guinea">National Capital District</a>. </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Province_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Central Province (Papua New Guinea)">Central</a></li> <li>Chimbu (<a href="/wiki/Simbu_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbu Province">Simbu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Highlands_(Papua_New_Guinea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Highlands (Papua New Guinea)">Eastern Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_New_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="East New Britain">East New Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Sepik" class="mw-redirect" title="East Sepik">East Sepik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enga_Province" title="Enga Province">Enga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Province" title="Gulf Province">Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madang_Province" title="Madang Province">Madang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manus_Province" title="Manus Province">Manus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milne_Bay_Province" title="Milne Bay Province">Milne Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morobe_Province" title="Morobe Province">Morobe</a></li></ol> </td> <td> <ol start="12"> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Ireland_Province" title="New Ireland Province">New Ireland</a></li> <li>Northern (<a href="/wiki/Oro_Province" title="Oro Province">Oro Province</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougainville_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bougainville Province">Bougainville (autonomous region)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Highlands_(Papua_New_Guinea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Highlands (Papua New Guinea)">Southern Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Province,_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Province, Papua New Guinea">Western Province</a> (Fly)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Highlands_(Papua_New_Guinea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Highlands (Papua New Guinea)">Western Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_New_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="West New Britain">West New Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Sepik" class="mw-redirect" title="West Sepik">West Sepik</a> (Sandaun)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_District_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="National Capital District (Papua New Guinea)">National Capital District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hela_Province" title="Hela Province">Hela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiwaka_Province" title="Jiwaka Province">Jiwaka</a></li> </ol> </td> <td style="width:315px; vertical-align:middle;"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Papua_new_guinea_provinces_(numbers)_2012.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Provinces of Papua New Guinea."><img alt="Provinces of Papua New Guinea." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Papua_new_guinea_provinces_%28numbers%29_2012.png/400px-Papua_new_guinea_provinces_%28numbers%29_2012.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Papua_new_guinea_provinces_%28numbers%29_2012.png/600px-Papua_new_guinea_provinces_%28numbers%29_2012.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Papua_new_guinea_provinces_%28numbers%29_2012.png/800px-Papua_new_guinea_provinces_%28numbers%29_2012.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Provinces of Papua New Guinea.</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Solomons_(Bougainville)"><span id="North_Solomons_.28Bougainville.29"></span>North Solomons (Bougainville)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: North Solomons (Bougainville)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bougainville_Panguna_mine_shovel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Bougainville_Panguna_mine_shovel.jpg/220px-Bougainville_Panguna_mine_shovel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Bougainville_Panguna_mine_shovel.jpg/330px-Bougainville_Panguna_mine_shovel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Bougainville_Panguna_mine_shovel.jpg/440px-Bougainville_Panguna_mine_shovel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3525" data-file-height="2430" /></a><figcaption>Panguna mine</figcaption></figure> <p>On <a href="/wiki/Bougainville_Island" title="Bougainville Island">Bougainville Island</a>, initially focused on traditional land rights, environmental and economic issues stemming from the operation of the <a href="/wiki/Panguna_mine" title="Panguna mine">Panguna mine</a>, (a <i>Conzinc RioTinto Australia</i> (now <a href="/wiki/Rio_Tinto_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Tinto (company)">Rio Tinto</a> Limited) and PNG government joint venture), a civil war quickly grew into a war for independence from PNG. </p><p>From early 1989 until a truce came into effect in October 1997 and a permanent cease-fire was signed in April 1998 as many as 20,000 people were killed. Under the eyes of a regional peace-monitoring force and a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> observer mission, the government and provincial leaders established an interim government. In 2019 a non-binding <a href="/wiki/2019_Bougainvillean_independence_referendum" title="2019 Bougainvillean independence referendum">referendum</a> was held in which 98.31% of voters voted in favor of independence. </p><p>The people of Bougainville are closely related to those of the nearby <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instability">Instability</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Instability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_O%27Neill_May_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Peter_O%27Neill_May_2015.jpg/220px-Peter_O%27Neill_May_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Peter_O%27Neill_May_2015.jpg/330px-Peter_O%27Neill_May_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Peter_O%27Neill_May_2015.jpg/440px-Peter_O%27Neill_May_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1113" data-file-height="1484" /></a><figcaption>Peter O'Neill</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Somare_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Michael_Somare_2014.jpg/220px-Michael_Somare_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Michael_Somare_2014.jpg/330px-Michael_Somare_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Michael_Somare_2014.jpg/440px-Michael_Somare_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="1516" /></a><figcaption>Michael Somare</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mekere_Morauta" title="Mekere Morauta">Morauta government</a> brought in a series of electoral reforms in 2001, designed to address instability and <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Corruption in Papua New Guinea">corruption</a>. Among the reforms was the introduction of the Limited Preferential Vote system (LPV), a modified version of <a href="/wiki/Instant-runoff_voting" title="Instant-runoff voting">Alternative vote</a>, for future elections in PNG. (The introduction of LPV was partly in response to calls for changes in the voting system by <a href="/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.) The first general election to use LPV was held in 2007. </p><p>There are many parties, but party allegiances are weak. Winning candidates are usually courted in efforts to forge the majority needed to form a government, and allegiances are fluid. No single party has yet won enough seats to form a government in its own right.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Papua New Guinea has a history of changes in government coalitions and leadership from within Parliament during the five-year intervals between national elections. New governments are protected by law from votes of no confidence for the first 18 months of their incumbency, and no votes of no confidence may be moved in the 12 months preceding a national election. </p><p>On <a href="/wiki/Bougainville_Island" title="Bougainville Island">Bougainville Island</a>, a rebellion occurred from early 1989 until a truce came into effect in October 1997 and a permanent cease-fire was signed in April 1998. Under the eyes of a regional peace-monitoring force and a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> observer mission, the government and provincial leaders have established an interim government and are working toward election of a provincial government and a referendum on independence. The last national election was held in June 2007. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Somare" title="Michael Somare">Michael Somare</a> was reelected Prime Minister, a position he also held in the country's first parliament after independence. Somare has held power since 2002, where he won in a violence-marred polling. Supplementary elections were held in Southern Highlands province in June 2003 after record levels of electoral fraud and intimidation during the 2002 polls. </p><p>A study by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Strategic_Policy_Institute" title="Australian Strategic Policy Institute">Australian Strategic Policy Institute</a>, entitled "Strengthening our neighbour: Australia and the future of Papua New Guinea" and published in December 2004 found that PNG's weak government and <a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">policing</a> has allowed <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a> <a href="/wiki/Gang" title="Gang">gangs</a> to relocate from <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> in recent years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2011–12_political_crisis"><span id="2011.E2.80.9312_political_crisis"></span>2011–12 political crisis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2011–12 political crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2011_Papua_New_Guinea_political_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Papua New Guinea political crisis">2011 Papua New Guinea political crisis</a></div> <p>Since mid-2011, there has been an ongoing dispute between <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Papua New Guinea">parliament</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Neill" title="Peter O'Neill">Peter O'Neill</a> and the judiciary, governor-general and <a href="/wiki/Sir_Michael_Somare" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Michael Somare">Sir Michael Somare</a>. The crisis involved the status of the prime minister and who is the legitimate head of government between O'Neill and Somare. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_2019">After 2019</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: After 2019"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2019, <a href="/wiki/James_Marape" title="James Marape">James Marape</a> was appointed as the new prime minister, after a tumultuous few months in the country’s political life. Marape was a key minister in his predecessor <a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Neill" title="Peter O'Neill">Peter O’Neill</a>’s government, and his defection from the government to the opposition camp had finally led to O’Neill’s resignation from office.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2022, Prime Minister James Marape's <a href="/wiki/Pangu_Pati" title="Pangu Pati">PANGU</a> Party secured the most seats of any party in the <a href="/wiki/2022_Papua_New_Guinean_general_election" title="2022 Papua New Guinean general election">election</a>, meaning James Marape was elected to continue as PNG's Prime Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_organization_participation">International organization participation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: International organization participation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Foreign relations of Papua New Guinea">Foreign relations of Papua New Guinea</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/ACP_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="ACP countries">ACP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">APEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">AsDB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">ASEAN</a> (observer), <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombo_Plan" title="Colombo Plan">CP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Social_Commission_for_Asia_and_the_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific">ESCAP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">FAO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">G-77</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development">IBRD</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">ICAO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Confederation_of_Free_Trade_Unions" title="International Confederation of Free Trade Unions">ICFTU</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">ICRM</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Development_Association" title="International Development Association">IDA</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Fund_for_Agricultural_Development" title="International Fund for Agricultural Development">IFAD</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">IFC</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">IFRCS</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Hydrographic_Organization" title="International Hydrographic Organization">IHO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">ILO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization" title="International Maritime Organization">IMO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intelsat" title="Intelsat">Intelsat</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">IFRCS</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">IMO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">ICRM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interpol_(organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interpol (organization)">Interpol</a>, <a href="/wiki/IOC" class="mw-redirect" title="IOC">IOC</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">IOM</a> (observer), <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> (correspondent), <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">ITU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">NAM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">OPCW</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">SPF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sparteca" class="mw-redirect" title="Sparteca">Sparteca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Pacific_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat of the Pacific Community">SPC</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">UNCTAD</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Educational,_Scientific_and_Cultural_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization">UNESCO</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">UNIDO</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">UPU</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="World Federation of Trade Unions">WFTU</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">WIPO</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">WMO</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">WTrO</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/New_guinea_blank.svg/32px-New_guinea_blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/New_guinea_blank.svg/48px-New_guinea_blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/New_guinea_blank.svg/64px-New_guinea_blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="867" data-file-height="452" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Guinea" title="Portal:New Guinea">New Guinea portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Corruption in Papua New Guinea">Corruption in Papua New Guinea</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm">"Women in Parliaments: World Classification"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Women+in+Parliaments%3A+World+Classification&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.ipu.org%2Fwmn-e%2Fclassif.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Papua+New+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/oceania/png-political-parties.htm">"Political Parties"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Political+Parties&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fmilitary%2Fworld%2Foceania%2Fpng-political-parties.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Papua+New+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/30/papua-new-guinea-james-marape-next-prime-minister">"Papua New Guinea MPS elect James Marape to be next prime minister"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TheGuardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a></i>. 30 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=Papua+New+Guinea+MPS+elect+James+Marape+to+be+next+prime+minister&rft.date=2019-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fmay%2F30%2Fpapua-new-guinea-james-marape-next-prime-minister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Papua+New+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-08-09/papua-new-guinea-election-results-james-marape-to-govern/101311978">"James Marape returned as PNG's prime minister after tense election"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. 9 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=James+Marape+returned+as+PNG%27s+prime+minister+after+tense+election&rft.date=2022-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2022-08-09%2Fpapua-new-guinea-election-results-james-marape-to-govern%2F101311978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Papua+New+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li>Chin, James. 2005. Papua New Guinea in 2004: Recolonization, Somare"s Staying Power, and a Slight Economic Recovery, <a href="/wiki/Asian_Survey" title="Asian Survey">Asian Survey</a>, Vol 45, No 1, 2005. pp. 191–195</li> <li>White, Hugh; Wainwright, Elsina et al. 2004. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aspi.org.au/publications/publication_details.aspx?ContentID=63">Strengthening Our Neighbour: Australia and the future of Papua New Guinea</a>", Australian Strategic Policy Institute</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4094053.stm">Papua New Guinea 'set to implode'</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMay2004" class="citation book cs1">May, Ron J. (March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p33231/pdf/ch1015.pdf">"Government and the military in Papua New Guinea"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In May, Ron J.; Selochan, Viberto (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.anu.edu.au/publications/military-and-democracy-asia-and-pacific"><i>The Military and Democracy in Asia and the Pacific</i></a>. ANU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781920942007" title="Special:BookSources/9781920942007"><bdi>9781920942007</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Government+and+the+military+in+Papua+New+Guinea&rft.btitle=The+Military+and+Democracy+in+Asia+and+the+Pacific&rft.pub=ANU+Press&rft.date=2004-03&rft.isbn=9781920942007&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=Ron+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress-files.anu.edu.au%2Fdownloads%2Fpress%2Fp33231%2Fpdf%2Fch1015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+Papua+New+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bougainville" title="History of Bougainville">Bougainville history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Flag of Papua New Guinea"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/100px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/150px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/200px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Geography of Papua New Guinea">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Papua_New_Guinea_border" title="Indonesia–Papua New Guinea border">Border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="List of cities and towns in Papua New Guinea">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Conservation in Papua New Guinea">Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Deforestation in Papua New Guinea">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="List of earthquakes in Papua New Guinea">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuk_Swamp" title="Kuk Swamp">Kuk Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="List of lakes of Papua New Guinea">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Wilhelm" title="Mount Wilhelm">Mount Wilhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Category:Rivers of Papua New Guinea">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="List of volcanoes in Papua New Guinea">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_New_Guinea" title="Fauna of New Guinea">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Administrative divisions of Papua New Guinea">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Executive_Council_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="National Executive Council of Papua New Guinea">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Elections in Papua New Guinea">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Foreign relations of Papua New Guinea">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Governor-General of Papua New Guinea">Governor-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Human rights in Papua New Guinea">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Law of Papua New Guinea">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Papua_New_Guinea_Constabulary" title="Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary">enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea_Defence_Force" title="Papua New Guinea Defence Force">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Monarchy of Papua New Guinea">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Parliament_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="National Parliament of Papua New Guinea">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="List of political parties in Papua New Guinea">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea">Supreme Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Economy of Papua New Guinea">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Agriculture in Papua New Guinea">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Bank of Papua New Guinea">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_kina" title="Papua New Guinean kina">Kina <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Mining in Papua New Guinea">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Moresby_Stock_Exchange" title="Port Moresby Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Communications in Papua New Guinea">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Tourism in Papua New Guinea">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Transport in Papua New Guinea">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Category:Society of Papua New Guinea">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Demographics of Papua New Guinea">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Education in Papua New Guinea">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Papua New Guinea">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Health in Papua New Guinea">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Homelessness in Papua New Guinea">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Languages of Papua New Guinea">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Papua New Guinea">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_PNG" title="Post PNG">Postal service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Religion in Papua New Guinea">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Culture of Papua New Guinea">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/O_Arise,_All_You_Sons" title="O Arise, All You Sons">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_films" title="List of Oceanian films">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Emblem of Papua New Guinea">National emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Flag of Papua New Guinea">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_literature" title="Papua New Guinean literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Music of Papua New Guinea">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sing-sing_(New_Guinea)" title="Sing-sing (New Guinea)">Sing-sing <span style="font-size:85%;">(gathering)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Sport in Papua New Guinea">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_art" title="Papua New Guinean art">Visual art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/New_guinea_blank.svg/16px-New_guinea_blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/New_guinea_blank.svg/24px-New_guinea_blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/New_guinea_blank.svg/32px-New_guinea_blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="867" data-file-height="452" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Guinea" title="Portal:New Guinea">New Guinea portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Outline of Papua New Guinea">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Papua_New_Guinea" title="Category:Papua New Guinea">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_of_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Oceania">Politics of Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Australia" title="Politics of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Politics of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Fiji" title="Politics of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kiribati" title="Politics of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Marshall_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Nauru" title="Politics of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Politics of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Palau" title="Politics of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Samoa" title="Politics of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Politics of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tonga" title="Politics of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tuvalu" title="Politics of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vanuatu" title="Politics of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Politics of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Niue" title="Politics of Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_American_Samoa" title="Politics of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Easter_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_French_Polynesia" title="Politics of French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guam" title="Politics of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hawaii" title="Politics of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Caledonia" title="Politics of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Norfolk_Island" title="Politics of Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" 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