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href="#Distinction_between_free_imperial_cities_and_other_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Distinction between free imperial cities and other cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distinction_between_free_imperial_cities_and_other_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organization subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rhenish_bench" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rhenish_bench"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Rhenish bench</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rhenish_bench-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swabian_bench" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swabian_bench"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Swabian bench</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swabian_bench-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Image_gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Image_gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Image gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Image_gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Free imperial city</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freie_Reichsstadt" title="Freie Reichsstadt – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Freie Reichsstadt" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="مدينة إمبراطورية حرة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدينة إمبراطورية حرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_%C4%B0mperiya_%C5%9F%C9%99h%C9%99ri" title="Azad İmperiya şəhəri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Azad İmperiya şəhəri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Імперскі горад – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Імперскі горад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Имперски град – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Имперски град" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciutat_imperial_lliure" title="Ciutat imperial lliure – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciutat imperial lliure" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodn%C3%A9_%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1sk%C3%A9_m%C4%9Bsto" title="Svobodné říšské město – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Svobodné říšské město" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fri_rigsstad" title="Fri rigsstad – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fri rigsstad" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freie_und_Reichsst%C3%A4dte" title="Freie und Reichsstädte – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Freie und Reichsstädte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaba_riigilinn" title="Vaba riigilinn – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vaba riigilinn" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad_imperial_libre" title="Ciudad imperial libre – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciudad imperial libre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libera_regna_urbo" title="Libera regna urbo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Libera regna urbo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiri_Inperial_Aske" title="Hiri Inperial Aske – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hiri Inperial Aske" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="شهر آزاد امپراتوری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شهر آزاد امپراتوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ville_libre_d%27Empire" title="Ville libre d'Empire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ville libre d'Empire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frije_ryksst%C3%AAd" title="Frije ryksstêd – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Frije ryksstêd" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%9C" title="자유제국도시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자유제국도시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_kekaisaran_merdeka" title="Kota kekaisaran merdeka – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kota kekaisaran merdeka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citt%C3%A0_libera_dell%27Impero" title="Città libera dell'Impero – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Città libera dell'Impero" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA" title="עיר קיסרית חופשית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיר קיסרית חופשית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98" title="თავისუფალი ქალაქი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თავისუფალი ქალაქი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbes_imperiales" title="Urbes imperiales – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Urbes imperiales" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imp%C4%93rijas_br%C4%ABvpils%C4%93ta" title="Impērijas brīvpilsēta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Impērijas brīvpilsēta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laisvasis_imperijos_miestas" title="Laisvasis imperijos miestas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Laisvasis imperijos miestas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrije_rijksstad" title="Vrije rijksstad – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vrije rijksstad" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82" title="帝国自由都市 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="帝国自由都市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fri_riksstad" title="Fri riksstad – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fri riksstad" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fri_keisarby" title="Fri keisarby – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fri keisarby" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolne_miasta_Rzeszy" title="Wolne miasta Rzeszy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wolne miasta Rzeszy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidade_imperial_livre" title="Cidade imperial livre – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cidade imperial livre" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ora%C8%99_liber_imperial" title="Oraș liber imperial – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oraș liber imperial" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Имперский город – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Имперский город" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slobodn%C3%A9_r%C3%AD%C5%A1ske_mesto" title="Slobodné ríšske mesto – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Slobodné ríšske mesto" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodno_cesarsko_mesto" title="Svobodno cesarsko mesto – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Svobodno cesarsko mesto" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valtakunnankaupunki" title="Valtakunnankaupunki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valtakunnankaupunki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riksst%C3%A4der" title="Riksstäder – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Riksstäder" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4" title="เสรีนครจักรวรรดิ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เสรีนครจักรวรรดิ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96zg%C3%BCr_imparatorluk_%C5%9Fehri" title="Özgür imparatorluk şehri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Özgür imparatorluk şehri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Імперське місто – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Імперське місто" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_bang_%C4%91%E1%BA%BF_ch%E1%BA%BF" title="Thành bang đế chế – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thành bang đế chế" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="帝国自由城市 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="帝国自由城市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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Holy Roman Empire with self-rule and representation in the Imperial Diet</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Imperial city" and "Reichsstadt" redirect here. For other uses and similar terms, see <a href="/wiki/Imperial_City_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Imperial City (disambiguation)">Imperial City (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reichstadt_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Reichstadt (disambiguation)">Reichstadt (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freie_und_Reichsst%C3%A4dte" class="extiw" title="de:Freie und Reichsstädte">the corresponding article</a> in German</b>.  <i><small>(April 2018)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Freie und Reichsstädte]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|de|Freie und Reichsstädte}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Free_imperial_city" title="Talk:Free imperial city">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png/350px-Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png/525px-Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png/700px-Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png 2x" data-file-width="1545" data-file-height="1330" /></a><figcaption>The free imperial cities in the 18th century</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, the collective term <b>free and imperial cities</b> (German: <i lang="de">Freie und Reichsstädte</i>), briefly worded <b>free imperial city</b> (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Freie Reichsstadt</i></span></i>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">urbs imperialis libera</i>), was used from the <a href="/wiki/15th_century" title="15th century">15th century</a> to denote a self-ruling city that had a certain amount of autonomy and was represented in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Diet_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)">Imperial Diet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An imperial city held the status of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_immediacy" title="Imperial immediacy">imperial immediacy</a>, and was subordinate only to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>, as opposed to a territorial city or town (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landstadt</i></span></i>), which was subordinate to a territorial <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Prince of the Holy Roman Empire">prince</a> – be it an ecclesiastical lord (<a href="/wiki/Prince-bishop" title="Prince-bishop">prince-bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince-abbot" title="Prince-abbot">prince-abbot</a>), or a secular prince (<a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">duke</a> (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Herzog" title="Herzog">Herzog</a></i></span></i>), <a href="/wiki/Margrave" title="Margrave">margrave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">count</a> (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Graf" title="Graf">Graf</a></i></span></i>), etc.). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_imperial_city&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The evolution of some German cities into self-ruling constitutional entities of the Empire was slower than that of the secular and ecclesiastical princes. In the course of the 13th and 14th centuries, some cities were promoted by the emperor to the status of Imperial Cities (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Reichsstädte</i></span></i>; <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Urbes imperiales</i></span></i>), essentially for fiscal reasons. Those cities, which had been founded by the German kings and emperors in the 10th through 13th centuries and had initially been administered by royal/imperial stewards (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Vogt" class="mw-redirect" title="Vogt">Vögte</a></i></span></i>), gradually gained independence as their city magistrates assumed the duties of administration and justice; some prominent examples are <a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haguenau" title="Haguenau">Haguenau</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mulhouse</a> in Alsace or <a href="/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen">Memmingen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ravensburg" title="Ravensburg">Ravensburg</a> in upper <a href="/wiki/Swabia" title="Swabia">Swabia</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reichsstadt_Rottweil.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Reichsstadt_Rottweil.jpeg/220px-Reichsstadt_Rottweil.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Reichsstadt_Rottweil.jpeg/330px-Reichsstadt_Rottweil.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Reichsstadt_Rottweil.jpeg/440px-Reichsstadt_Rottweil.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="2047" /></a><figcaption>The Swabian city of Rottweil maintained its independence up to the <a href="/wiki/German_mediatisation" title="German mediatisation">mediatisation</a> of 1802–03. (Rottweil, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1435</span>).</figcaption></figure></div></div> <p>The Free Cities (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Freie Städte</i></span></i>; <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Urbes liberae</i></span></i>) were those, such as <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> or <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, that were initially subjected to a prince-bishop and, likewise, progressively gained independence from that lord. In a few cases, such as in Cologne, the former ecclesiastical lord continued to claim the right to exercise some residual feudal privileges over the Free City, a claim that gave rise to constant litigation almost until the end of the Empire. </p><p>Over time, the difference between Imperial Cities and Free Cities became increasingly blurred, so that they became collectively known as "Free Imperial Cities", or "Free and Imperial Cities", and by the late 15th century, many cities included both "Free" and "Imperial" in their name.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the other Imperial Estates, they could wage war, make peace, and control their own trade, and they permitted little interference from outside. In the later Middle Ages, a number of Free Cities formed City Leagues (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Städtebünde</i></span></i>), such as the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a> or the Alsatian <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9capole" title="Décapole">Décapole</a></i></span>, to promote and defend their interests. </p><p>In the course of the Middle Ages, cities gained, and sometimes – if rarely – lost, their freedom through the vicissitudes of power politics. Some favored cities gained charters by gift. Others purchased one from a prince in need of funds. Some won it by force of arms<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during the troubled 13th and 14th centuries and others lost their privileges during the same period by the same way. Some cities became free through the void created by the extinction of dominant families,<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> like the Swabian <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen">Hohenstaufen</a></i></span>. Some voluntarily placed themselves under the protection of a territorial ruler and therefore lost their independence. </p><p>A few, like Protestant <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Donauw%C3%B6rth" title="Donauwörth">Donauwörth</a></i></span>, which in 1607 was annexed to the Catholic <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Duchy of Bavaria</a>, were stripped by the Emperor of their status as a Free City – for genuine or trumped-up reasons. This rarely happened after the Reformation, and of the sixty Free Imperial Cities that remained at the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a>, all but the ten Alsatian cities which were annexed by France during the late 17th century continued to exist until the <a href="/wiki/German_mediatization" class="mw-redirect" title="German mediatization">mediatization</a> of 1803. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distinction_between_free_imperial_cities_and_other_cities">Distinction between free imperial cities and other cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_imperial_city&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Distinction between free imperial cities and other cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Empire had approximately 4000 towns and cities, although fewer than 400 of these had more than a thousand inhabitants around the year 1600.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Late Middle Ages, fewer than 200 of these places ever enjoyed the status of Free Imperial Cities, and some of those did so only for a few decades. The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Register" title="Imperial Register">Imperial military tax register</a> (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Reichsmatrikel</i></span></i>) of 1521 listed eighty-five such cities, and this figure had fallen to 65 by the time of the Peace of Augsburg in 1555. From the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a> of 1648 to 1803, their number oscillated at around 50.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>notes 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1034237262" /><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zehn_Krayse_-_Seite7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Zehn_Krayse_-_Seite7.jpg/250px-Zehn_Krayse_-_Seite7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Zehn_Krayse_-_Seite7.jpg/330px-Zehn_Krayse_-_Seite7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Zehn_Krayse_-_Seite7.jpg/500px-Zehn_Krayse_-_Seite7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="1132" /></a><figcaption>A partial list of the Free Imperial Cities of Swabia based on the <i><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Register" title="Imperial Register">Reichsmatrikel</a></i> of 1521. It indicates the number of horsemen (left hand column) and infantry (right hand column) which each Imperial Estate had to contribute to the defence of the Empire.</figcaption></figure></div></div> <p>Unlike the Free Imperial Cities, the second category of towns and cities, now called "territorial cities",<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>notes 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were subject to an ecclesiastical or lay lord, and while many of them enjoyed self-government to varying degrees, this was a precarious privilege which might be curtailed or abolished according to the will of the lord.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reflecting the complex constitutional set-up of the Holy Roman Empire, a third category, composed of semi-autonomous cities that belonged to neither of those two types, is distinguished by some historians. These were cities whose size and economic strength was sufficient to sustain a substantial independence from surrounding territorial lords for a considerable time, even though no formal right to independence existed. These cities were typically located in small territories where the ruler was weak.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>notes 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were the exception among the multitude of territorial towns and cities. Cities of both latter categories normally had representation in territorial <a href="/wiki/Diet_(assembly)" title="Diet (assembly)">diets</a>, but not in the Imperial Diet.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_imperial_city&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Free imperial cities were not officially admitted as individual <a href="/wiki/Imperial_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial State">Imperial Estates</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Diet_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)">Imperial Diet</a> until 1489, and even then their votes were usually considered only advisory (<i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">votum consultativum</i></span></i>) compared to the benches of the <a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">electors</a> and princes. The cities divided themselves into two groups, or benches, in the Imperial Diet, the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhenish</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Swabia" title="Swabia">Swabian</a> benches.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>notes 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These same cities were among the 85 free imperial cities listed on the <i><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Register" title="Imperial Register">Reichsmatrikel</a></i> of 1521,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the imperial civil and military tax-schedule used for more than a century to assess the contributions of all the Imperial Estates in case of a war formally declared by the Imperial Diet. The military and monetary contribution of each city is indicated in parentheses. For instance Cologne (30-322-600) means that Cologne had to provide 30 horsemen, 322 footsoldiers and 600 <a href="/wiki/Guilder" title="Guilder">gulden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These numbers are equivalent to one <i>simplum</i>. If need be, the Diet could vote a second and a third <i>simplum</i>, in which case each member's contribution was doubled or tripled. At the time, the free imperial cities were considered wealthy and the monetary contribution of Nuremberg, Ulm and Cologne for instance were as high as that of the Electors (<a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Mainz" title="Electorate of Mainz">Mainz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Trier" title="Electorate of Trier">Trier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Cologne" title="Electorate of Cologne">Cologne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Palatinate" title="Electoral Palatinate">Palatinate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Saxony" title="Electorate of Saxony">Saxony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg" title="Margraviate of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>) and the Dukes of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Duchy of Württemberg">Württemberg</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lorraine" title="Duchy of Lorraine">Lorraine</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The following list contains the 50 free imperial cities that took part in the Imperial Diet of 1792. They are listed according to their voting order on the Rhenish and Swabian benches.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rhenish_bench">Rhenish bench</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_imperial_city&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rhenish bench"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Wappen_Koeln.svg/20px-Wappen_Koeln.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Wappen_Koeln.svg/40px-Wappen_Koeln.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="579" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> (30-322-600)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen"><img alt="Aachen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Stadtwappen_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Aachen.svg/20px-Stadtwappen_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Aachen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Stadtwappen_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Aachen.svg/30px-Stadtwappen_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Aachen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Stadtwappen_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Aachen.svg/40px-Stadtwappen_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Aachen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Aachen" title="Free Imperial City of Aachen">Aachen</a> (20-90-260)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Luebeck_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/DEU_Luebeck_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Luebeck_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/DEU_Luebeck_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Luebeck_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="698" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_L%C3%BCbeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Free City of Lübeck">Lübeck</a> (21-177-550)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Worms_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/DEU_Worms_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Worms_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/DEU_Worms_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Worms_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="184" data-file-height="198" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a> (10-78-325)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Speyer_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/DEU_Speyer_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Speyer_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/DEU_Speyer_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Speyer_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="614" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a> (3-99-325)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Frankfurt_am_Main_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/DEU_Frankfurt_am_Main_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Frankfurt_am_Main_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/DEU_Frankfurt_am_Main_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Frankfurt_am_Main_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="544" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Frankfurt" title="Free City of Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a> (20-140-500)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Goslar_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/DEU_Goslar_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Goslar_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/DEU_Goslar_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Goslar_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Goslar" title="Goslar">Goslar</a> (0-130-205)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Bremen_Nur_Schild.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Wappen_Bremen_Nur_Schild.svg/20px-Wappen_Bremen_Nur_Schild.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Wappen_Bremen_Nur_Schild.svg/40px-Wappen_Bremen_Nur_Schild.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="706" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">Bremen</a> (unlisted)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/DEU_Hamburg_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Hamburg_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/DEU_Hamburg_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Hamburg_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="315" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> (20-120-325)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Esc_Muehlhausen-Thueringen.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Esc_Muehlhausen-Thueringen.png/20px-Esc_Muehlhausen-Thueringen.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Esc_Muehlhausen-Thueringen.png/30px-Esc_Muehlhausen-Thueringen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Esc_Muehlhausen-Thueringen.png/40px-Esc_Muehlhausen-Thueringen.png 2x" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChlhausen" title="Mühlhausen">Mühlhausen</a> (0-78-180)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappenschild_der_Stadt_Nordhausen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Wappenschild_der_Stadt_Nordhausen.svg/20px-Wappenschild_der_Stadt_Nordhausen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Wappenschild_der_Stadt_Nordhausen.svg/40px-Wappenschild_der_Stadt_Nordhausen.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="332" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Nordhausen" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Imperial City of Nordhausen">Nordhausen</a> (0-78-180)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/DEU_Dortmund_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Dortmund_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/DEU_Dortmund_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Dortmund_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a> (20-100-180)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Friedberg_(Hessen)_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/DEU_Friedberg_%28Hessen%29_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Friedberg_%28Hessen%29_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/DEU_Friedberg_%28Hessen%29_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Friedberg_%28Hessen%29_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="441" data-file-height="435" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Friedberg,_Hesse" title="Friedberg, Hesse">Friedberg</a> (0-22-90)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Wetzlar_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/DEU_Wetzlar_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Wetzlar_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/DEU_Wetzlar_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Wetzlar_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="421" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wetzlar" title="Wetzlar">Wetzlar</a> (0-31-40)</li></ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swabian_bench">Swabian bench</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_imperial_city&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Swabian bench"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Regensburg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Wappen_Regensburg.svg/20px-Wappen_Regensburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Wappen_Regensburg.svg/30px-Wappen_Regensburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Wappen_Regensburg.svg/40px-Wappen_Regensburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="470" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a> (20-112-120)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Augsburg_COA_1811.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/DEU_Augsburg_COA_1811.svg/20px-DEU_Augsburg_COA_1811.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/DEU_Augsburg_COA_1811.svg/40px-DEU_Augsburg_COA_1811.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="571" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a> (25-150-500)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/DEU_N%C3%BCrnberg_COA_%28klein%29.svg/20px-DEU_N%C3%BCrnberg_COA_%28klein%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/DEU_N%C3%BCrnberg_COA_%28klein%29.svg/30px-DEU_N%C3%BCrnberg_COA_%28klein%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/DEU_N%C3%BCrnberg_COA_%28klein%29.svg/40px-DEU_N%C3%BCrnberg_COA_%28klein%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="618" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a> (40-250-600)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Ulm_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/DEU_Ulm_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Ulm_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/DEU_Ulm_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Ulm_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="560" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a> (29-150-600)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Esslingen_am_Neckar_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/DEU_Esslingen_am_Neckar_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Esslingen_am_Neckar_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/DEU_Esslingen_am_Neckar_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Esslingen_am_Neckar_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="481" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar">Esslingen am Neckar</a> (10-67-235)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Stadt_Reutlingen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Wappen_Stadt_Reutlingen.svg/20px-Wappen_Stadt_Reutlingen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Wappen_Stadt_Reutlingen.svg/40px-Wappen_Stadt_Reutlingen.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="522" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a> (6-55-180)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_N%C3%B6rdlingen_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/DEU_N%C3%B6rdlingen_COA.svg/20px-DEU_N%C3%B6rdlingen_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/DEU_N%C3%B6rdlingen_COA.svg/40px-DEU_N%C3%B6rdlingen_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B6rdlingen" title="Nördlingen">Nördlingen</a> (10-80-325)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/DEU_Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/DEU_Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/DEU_Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="662" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber" title="Rothenburg ob der Tauber">Rothenburg ob der Tauber</a> (10-90-180)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Schwaebisch_Hall.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Wappen_Schwaebisch_Hall.svg/20px-Wappen_Schwaebisch_Hall.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Wappen_Schwaebisch_Hall.svg/40px-Wappen_Schwaebisch_Hall.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="760" /></a></span> Hall (today <a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall" title="Schwäbisch Hall">Schwäbisch Hall</a>) (10-80-325)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Rottweil.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wappen_Rottweil.svg/20px-Wappen_Rottweil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wappen_Rottweil.svg/40px-Wappen_Rottweil.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rottweil" title="Rottweil">Rottweil</a> (3-122-180)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_%C3%9Cberlingen_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/DEU_%C3%9Cberlingen_COA.svg/20px-DEU_%C3%9Cberlingen_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/DEU_%C3%9Cberlingen_COA.svg/30px-DEU_%C3%9Cberlingen_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/DEU_%C3%9Cberlingen_COA.svg/40px-DEU_%C3%9Cberlingen_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="698" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cberlingen" title="Überlingen">Überlingen</a> (10-78-325)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Heilbronn.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Wappen_Heilbronn.svg/20px-Wappen_Heilbronn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Wappen_Heilbronn.svg/40px-Wappen_Heilbronn.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1177" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a> (6-60-240)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Schw%C3%A4bisch_Gm%C3%BCnd_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/DEU_Schw%C3%A4bisch_Gm%C3%BCnd_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Schw%C3%A4bisch_Gm%C3%BCnd_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/DEU_Schw%C3%A4bisch_Gm%C3%BCnd_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Schw%C3%A4bisch_Gm%C3%BCnd_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="757" /></a></span> Gmünd (today <a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Gm%C3%BCnd" title="Schwäbisch Gmünd">Schwäbisch Gmünd</a>) (5-45-150)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Memmingen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Wappen_Memmingen.svg/20px-Wappen_Memmingen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Wappen_Memmingen.svg/30px-Wappen_Memmingen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Wappen_Memmingen.svg/40px-Wappen_Memmingen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="436" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen">Memmingen</a> (10-67-325)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Lindau_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/DEU_Lindau_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Lindau_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/DEU_Lindau_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Lindau_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/DEU_Lindau_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Lindau_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="648" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lindau" title="Lindau">Lindau</a> (6-72-200)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Dinkelsb%C3%BChl_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/DEU_Dinkelsb%C3%BChl_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Dinkelsb%C3%BChl_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/DEU_Dinkelsb%C3%BChl_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Dinkelsb%C3%BChl_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/DEU_Dinkelsb%C3%BChl_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Dinkelsb%C3%BChl_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="794" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dinkelsb%C3%BChl" title="Dinkelsbühl">Dinkelsbühl</a> (5-58-240)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Biberach.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Wappen_Biberach.svg/20px-Wappen_Biberach.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Wappen_Biberach.svg/30px-Wappen_Biberach.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Wappen_Biberach.svg/40px-Wappen_Biberach.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="625" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Biberach_an_der_Riss" class="mw-redirect" title="Biberach an der Riss">Biberach an der Riß</a> (6-55-180)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Ravensburg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Wappen_Ravensburg.svg/20px-Wappen_Ravensburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Wappen_Ravensburg.svg/30px-Wappen_Ravensburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Wappen_Ravensburg.svg/40px-Wappen_Ravensburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="379" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ravensburg" title="Ravensburg">Ravensburg</a> (4-67-180)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Schweinfurt_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/DEU_Schweinfurt_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Schweinfurt_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/DEU_Schweinfurt_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Schweinfurt_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/DEU_Schweinfurt_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Schweinfurt_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="580" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Schweinfurt" title="Schweinfurt">Schweinfurt</a> (5-36-120)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kempten_(Allg%C3%A4u)_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/DEU_Kempten_%28Allg%C3%A4u%29_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Kempten_%28Allg%C3%A4u%29_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/DEU_Kempten_%28Allg%C3%A4u%29_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Kempten_%28Allg%C3%A4u%29_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="530" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kempten_(Imperial_Free_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kempten (Imperial Free City)">Kempten im Allgäu</a> (3-36-120)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Bad_Windsheim_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/DEU_Bad_Windsheim_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Bad_Windsheim_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/DEU_Bad_Windsheim_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Bad_Windsheim_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="764" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bad_Windsheim" title="Bad Windsheim">Windsheim</a> (4-36-180)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kaufbeuren_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/DEU_Kaufbeuren_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Kaufbeuren_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/DEU_Kaufbeuren_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Kaufbeuren_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="366" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kaufbeuren" title="Kaufbeuren">Kaufbeuren</a> (4-68-90)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Weil_der_Stadt_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/DEU_Weil_der_Stadt_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Weil_der_Stadt_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/DEU_Weil_der_Stadt_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Weil_der_Stadt_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Weil_der_Stadt" title="Weil der Stadt">Weil</a> (2-18-120)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Wangen_im_Allg%C3%A4u.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Wappen_Wangen_im_Allg%C3%A4u.svg/20px-Wappen_Wangen_im_Allg%C3%A4u.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Wappen_Wangen_im_Allg%C3%A4u.svg/40px-Wappen_Wangen_im_Allg%C3%A4u.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1019" data-file-height="1089" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wangen_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Wangen im Allgäu">Wangen im Allgäu</a> (3-18-110)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Isny_im_Allg%C3%A4u_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/DEU_Isny_im_Allg%C3%A4u_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Isny_im_Allg%C3%A4u_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/DEU_Isny_im_Allg%C3%A4u_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Isny_im_Allg%C3%A4u_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="531" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Isny_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Isny im Allgäu">Isny im Allgäu</a> (4-22-100)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Pfullendorf.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Wappen_Pfullendorf.svg/20px-Wappen_Pfullendorf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Wappen_Pfullendorf.svg/30px-Wappen_Pfullendorf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Wappen_Pfullendorf.svg/40px-Wappen_Pfullendorf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="563" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pfullendorf" title="Pfullendorf">Pfullendorf</a> (3-40-75)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Offenburg_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DEU_Offenburg_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Offenburg_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DEU_Offenburg_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Offenburg_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="635" data-file-height="761" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Offenburg" title="Offenburg">Offenburg</a> (0-45-150)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Leutkirch_im_Allg%C3%A4u_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/DEU_Leutkirch_im_Allg%C3%A4u_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Leutkirch_im_Allg%C3%A4u_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/DEU_Leutkirch_im_Allg%C3%A4u_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Leutkirch_im_Allg%C3%A4u_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="742" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Leutkirch_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Leutkirch im Allgäu">Leutkirch im Allgäu</a> (2-18-90)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Bad_Wimpfen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Wappen_Bad_Wimpfen.svg/20px-Wappen_Bad_Wimpfen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Wappen_Bad_Wimpfen.svg/40px-Wappen_Bad_Wimpfen.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="566" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bad_Wimpfen" title="Bad Wimpfen">Wimpfen</a> (3-13-130)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Wei%C3%9Fenburg_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/DEU_Wei%C3%9Fenburg_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Wei%C3%9Fenburg_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/DEU_Wei%C3%9Fenburg_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Wei%C3%9Fenburg_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="837" data-file-height="963" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fenburg_im_Nordgau" class="mw-redirect" title="Weißenburg im Nordgau">Weißenburg im Nordgau</a> (4-18-50)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Giengen_an_der_Brenz_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/DEU_Giengen_an_der_Brenz_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Giengen_an_der_Brenz_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/DEU_Giengen_an_der_Brenz_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Giengen_an_der_Brenz_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="732" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Giengen" title="Giengen">Giengen</a> (2-13-60)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Gengenbach_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/DEU_Gengenbach_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Gengenbach_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/DEU_Gengenbach_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Gengenbach_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="742" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gengenbach" title="Gengenbach">Gengenbach</a> (0-36-0)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Zell_am_Harmersbach_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/DEU_Zell_am_Harmersbach_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Zell_am_Harmersbach_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/DEU_Zell_am_Harmersbach_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Zell_am_Harmersbach_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="742" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Zell_am_Harmersbach" title="Zell am Harmersbach">Zell am Harmersbach</a> (0-22-0)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Friedrichshafen_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/DEU_Friedrichshafen_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Friedrichshafen_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/DEU_Friedrichshafen_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Friedrichshafen_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="457" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Friedrichshafen" title="Friedrichshafen">Buchhorn</a> (today <a href="/wiki/Friedrichshafen" title="Friedrichshafen">Friedrichshafen</a>) (0-10-60)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Aalen_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/DEU_Aalen_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Aalen_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/DEU_Aalen_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Aalen_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Aalen" title="Aalen">Aalen</a> (2-18-70)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Bopfingen_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/DEU_Bopfingen_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Bopfingen_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/DEU_Bopfingen_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Bopfingen_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/DEU_Bopfingen_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Bopfingen_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="742" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bopfingen" title="Bopfingen">Bopfingen</a> (1-9-50)</li></ol></div> <p>By the time of the Peace of Westphalia, the cities constituted a formal third "college" and their full vote (<i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">votum decisivum</i></span></i>) was confirmed, although they failed to secure parity of representation with the two other colleges. To avoid the possibility that they would have the casting vote in case of a tie between the Electors and the Princes, it was decided that these should decide first and consult the cities afterward.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite this somewhat unequal status of the cities in the functioning of the Imperial Diet, their full admittance to that federal institution was crucial in clarifying their hitherto uncertain status and in legitimizing their permanent existence as full-fledged Imperial Estates. Constitutionally, if in no other way, the diminutive Free Imperial City of <a href="/wiki/Isny_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Isny im Allgäu">Isny</a> was the equal of the <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg" title="Margraviate of Brandenburg">Margraviate of Brandenburg</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_imperial_city&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Having probably learned from experience that there was not much to gain from active, and costly, participation in the Imperial Diet's proceedings due to the lack of empathy of the princes, the cities made little use of their representation in that body. By about 1700, almost all the cities with the exception of Nuremberg, Ulm and Regensburg, where by then the <a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Imperial_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Perpetual Imperial Diet">Perpetual Imperial Diet</a> was located, were represented by various Regensburg lawyers and officials who often represented several cities simultaneously.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, many cities found it more profitable to maintain agents at the <a href="/wiki/Aulic_Council" title="Aulic Council">Aulic Council</a> in Vienna, where the risk of an adverse judgment posed a greater risk to city treasuries and independence.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_Stadtstaat_Bern_Wachstum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Karte_Stadtstaat_Bern_Wachstum.png/250px-Karte_Stadtstaat_Bern_Wachstum.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Karte_Stadtstaat_Bern_Wachstum.png/330px-Karte_Stadtstaat_Bern_Wachstum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Karte_Stadtstaat_Bern_Wachstum.png/500px-Karte_Stadtstaat_Bern_Wachstum.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2060" /></a><figcaption>Territorial growth of Bern, the largest free imperial city</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Weissenburg_im_Nordgau_Prospect.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Weissenburg_im_Nordgau_Prospect.jpg/250px-Weissenburg_im_Nordgau_Prospect.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Weissenburg_im_Nordgau_Prospect.jpg/330px-Weissenburg_im_Nordgau_Prospect.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Weissenburg_im_Nordgau_Prospect.jpg/500px-Weissenburg_im_Nordgau_Prospect.jpg 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fenburg_in_Bayern" title="Weißenburg in Bayern">Weißenburg im Nordgau</a> in 1725</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WuerttembergPutzger1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/WuerttembergPutzger1905.jpg/220px-WuerttembergPutzger1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/WuerttembergPutzger1905.jpg/330px-WuerttembergPutzger1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/WuerttembergPutzger1905.jpg/440px-WuerttembergPutzger1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1407" data-file-height="1785" /></a><figcaption>Württemberg more than doubled its size when it absorbed some 15 Imperial Cities (in orange) and other territories during the <a href="/wiki/German_mediatisation" title="German mediatisation">mediatisations</a> of 1803 and 1806.</figcaption></figure> <p>The territory of most Free Imperial Cities was generally quite small but there were exceptions. The largest territories formed in what is now Switzerland with cities like Bern, Zürich and Luzern, but also cities like Ulm, Nuremberg and Hamburg in what is now Germany possessed substantial hinterlands or fiefs that comprised dozens of villages and thousands of subject peasants who did not enjoy the same rights as the urban population. At the opposite end, the authority of Cologne, Aachen, Worms, Goslar, Wetzlar, Augsburg and Regensburg barely extended beyond the city walls. </p><p>The constitution of Free and Imperial Cities was republican in form, but in all but the smallest cities, the city government was <a href="/wiki/Oligarchic" class="mw-redirect" title="Oligarchic">oligarchic</a> in nature<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="this was not always the case in the medieval period (August 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> with a governing town council composed of an elite, hereditary patrician class,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="please show evidence this was near-universal in all periods (August 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the so-called town council families (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Ratsverwandte</i></span></i>). They were the most economically significant burgher families who had asserted themselves politically over time. </p><p>Below them, with a say in the government of the city, were the citizens or burghers, the smaller, privileged section of the city's permanent population whose number varied according to the rule of citizenship of each city. There were exceptions, such as <a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Nuremberg" title="Free Imperial City of Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>, where the patriciate ruled alone. To the common town dweller – whether he lived in a prestigious Free Imperial City like Frankfurt, Augsburg or Nuremberg, or in a small market town such as there were hundreds throughout Germany – attaining burgher status (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bürgerrecht</i></span></i>) could be his greatest aim in life. </p><p>The burgher status was usually an inherited privilege renewed pro-forma in each generation of the family concerned but it could also be purchased. At times, the sale of burgher status could be a significant item of town income as fiscal records show. The <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bürgerrecht</i></span></i> was local and not transferable to another city. </p><p>The burghers were usually the lowest social group to have political power and privilege within the Holy Roman Empire. Below them was the disenfranchised urban population, maybe half of the total in many cities, the so-called "residents" (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Beisassen</i></span></i>) or "guests": smaller artisans, craftsmen, street venders, day laborers, servants and the poor, and those whose residence in the city was temporary, such as wintering noblemen, foreign merchants, princely officials, and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Urban conflicts in Free Imperial Cities, which sometimes amounted to class warfare, were not uncommon in the Early Modern Age, particularly in the 17th century (Lübeck, 1598–1669; Schwäbisch Hall, 1601–1604; Frankfurt, 1612–1614; Wezlar, 1612–1615; Erfurt, 1648–1664; Cologne, 1680–1685; Hamburg 1678–1693, 1702–1708).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes, as in the case of Hamburg in 1708, the situation was considered sufficiently serious to warrant the dispatch of an Imperial commissioner with troops to restore order and negotiate a compromise and a new city constitution between the warring parties.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The number of Imperial Cities shrank over time until the Peace of Westphalia. There were more in areas that were very fragmented politically, such as Swabia and Franconia in the southwest, than in the North and the East where the larger and more powerful territories, such as Brandenburg and Saxony, were located, which were more prone to absorb smaller, weaker states. </p><p>In the 16th and 17th century, a number of Imperial Cities were separated from the Empire due to external territorial change.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_France" title="Henry II of France">Henry II of France</a> seized the Imperial Cities connected to the <a href="/wiki/Three_Bishoprics" title="Three Bishoprics">Three Bishoprics</a> of <a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun">Verdun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toul" title="Toul">Toul</a>. <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV</a> seized many cities based on claims produced by his <a href="/wiki/Chambers_of_Reunion" title="Chambers of Reunion">Chambers of Reunion</a>. That way, <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> and the ten cities of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9capole" title="Décapole">Décapole</a></i></span> were annexed. When the <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Old Swiss Confederacy</a> gained its formal independence from the Empire in 1648, it had been de facto independent since 1499, the independence of the Imperial Cities of <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a> was formally recognized. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obernstra%C3%9Fe_-_Bremen_-_1843.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Obernstra%C3%9Fe_-_Bremen_-_1843.jpg/220px-Obernstra%C3%9Fe_-_Bremen_-_1843.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Obernstra%C3%9Fe_-_Bremen_-_1843.jpg/330px-Obernstra%C3%9Fe_-_Bremen_-_1843.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Obernstra%C3%9Fe_-_Bremen_-_1843.jpg/440px-Obernstra%C3%9Fe_-_Bremen_-_1843.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="663" /></a><figcaption><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Obernstraße</i></span>, Free City of Bremen, 1843</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Am_Main-Fay-BADAFAMNDN-Heft_26-Nr_303-1911-Bruecke_mit_dem_Denkmal_Kaiser_Karl_des_Grossen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Fay-BADAFAMNDN-Heft_26-Nr_303-1911-Bruecke_mit_dem_Denkmal_Kaiser_Karl_des_Grossen.jpg/150px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Fay-BADAFAMNDN-Heft_26-Nr_303-1911-Bruecke_mit_dem_Denkmal_Kaiser_Karl_des_Grossen.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Fay-BADAFAMNDN-Heft_26-Nr_303-1911-Bruecke_mit_dem_Denkmal_Kaiser_Karl_des_Grossen.jpg/225px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Fay-BADAFAMNDN-Heft_26-Nr_303-1911-Bruecke_mit_dem_Denkmal_Kaiser_Karl_des_Grossen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Fay-BADAFAMNDN-Heft_26-Nr_303-1911-Bruecke_mit_dem_Denkmal_Kaiser_Karl_des_Grossen.jpg/300px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Fay-BADAFAMNDN-Heft_26-Nr_303-1911-Bruecke_mit_dem_Denkmal_Kaiser_Karl_des_Grossen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3011" /></a><figcaption>Frankfurt, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1911</span>. After more than 600 years as a Free City, Frankfurt am Main was annexed to Prussia in 1866</figcaption></figure> <p>With the rise of <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">Revolutionary France</a> in Europe, this trend accelerated enormously. After 1795, the areas west of the Rhine were annexed to France by the revolutionary armies, suppressing the independence of Imperial Cities as diverse as Cologne, Aachen, Speyer and Worms. Then, the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> led to the reorganization of the Empire in 1803 (see <a href="/wiki/German_Mediatisation" class="mw-redirect" title="German Mediatisation">German Mediatisation</a>), where all of the free cities but six – <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">Bremen</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a>, Frankfurt, <a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a> – lost their independence and were absorbed into neighboring territories. </p><p>Under pressure from Napoleon, the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved in 1806. By 1811, all of the Imperial Cities had lost their independence – Augsburg and Nuremberg had been annexed by <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, Frankfurt had become the center of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Frankfurt" title="Grand Duchy of Frankfurt">Grand Duchy of Frankfurt</a>, a Napoleonic <a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">puppet state</a>, and the three Hanseatic cities had been directly annexed by France as part of its effort to enforce the <a href="/wiki/Continental_System" title="Continental System">Continental Blockade</a> against Britain. Hamburg and Lübeck with surrounding territories formed the département of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Bouches-de-l%27Elbe" title="Bouches-de-l'Elbe">Bouches-de-l'Elbe</a></i></span>, and Bremen the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Weser" title="Bouches-du-Weser">Bouches-du-Weser</a></i></span>. </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> was established by the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a> in 1815, Hamburg, Lübeck, Bremen, and Frankfurt were once again made Free Cities,<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this time enjoying total sovereignty as all the members of the loose Confederation. Frankfurt was annexed by <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> in consequence of the part it took in the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Prussian_War" title="Austro-Prussian War">Austro-Prussian War</a> of 1866.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three other Free Cities became constituent states of the new <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> in 1871 and consequently were no longer fully sovereign as they lost control over defence, foreign affairs and a few other fields. </p><p>They retained that status in the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> and into <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, although under <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a> it became purely notional. Due to Hitler's distaste for Lübeck<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its liberal tradition, the need was devised to compensate <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> for territorial losses under the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Hamburg_Act" title="Greater Hamburg Act">Greater Hamburg Act</a>, and Lübeck was annexed to Prussia in 1937. In the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Germany">Federal Republic of Germany</a> which was established after the war, Bremen and Hamburg, but not Lübeck, became constituent <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">states</a>, a status which they retain to the present day. <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, which had never been a Free City in its history, received the status of a state after the war due to its special position in divided post-war Germany. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a> was, apart from hosting the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Diet_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)">Imperial Diet</a>, a most peculiar city: an officially Lutheran city that was the seat of the Catholic prince-bishopric of Regensburg, its prince-bishop and cathedral chapter. The Imperial City also housed three Imperial abbeys: <a href="/wiki/St._Emmeram%27s_Abbey" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Emmeram's Abbey">St. Emmeram</a>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Niederm%C3%BCnster,_Regensburg" title="Niedermünster, Regensburg">Niedermünster</a></i></span> and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberm%C3%BCnster,_Regensburg" title="Obermünster, Regensburg">Obermünster</a></i></span>. They were five <a href="/wiki/Imperial_immediacy" title="Imperial immediacy">immediate entities</a> fully independent of each other existing in the same small city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Image_gallery">Image gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_imperial_city&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Image gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left .gallery{justify-content:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right .gallery{justify-content:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery.gallery.gallery{line-height:1.35em;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{outline:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braun_Regensburg_UBHD.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regensburg in 1572"><img alt="Regensburg in 1572" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Braun_Regensburg_UBHD.jpg/180px-Braun_Regensburg_UBHD.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Braun_Regensburg_UBHD.jpg/270px-Braun_Regensburg_UBHD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Braun_Regensburg_UBHD.jpg/360px-Braun_Regensburg_UBHD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1003" data-file-height="455" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a> in 1572</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braun_Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber_UBHD.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rothenburg in 1572"><img alt="Rothenburg in 1572" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Braun_Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber_UBHD.jpg/250px-Braun_Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber_UBHD.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Braun_Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber_UBHD.jpg/330px-Braun_Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber_UBHD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Braun_Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber_UBHD.jpg/500px-Braun_Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber_UBHD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2017" data-file-height="460" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber" title="Rothenburg ob der Tauber">Rothenburg</a> in 1572</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lubeka_kolorowa_litografia_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCkowa_XIVw.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lubeca urbs imperialis libera – Free Imperial City of Lübeck"><img alt="Lubeca urbs imperialis libera – Free Imperial City of Lübeck" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Lubeka_kolorowa_litografia_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCkowa_XIVw.jpg/250px-Lubeka_kolorowa_litografia_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCkowa_XIVw.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Lubeka_kolorowa_litografia_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCkowa_XIVw.jpg/330px-Lubeka_kolorowa_litografia_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCkowa_XIVw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Lubeka_kolorowa_litografia_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCkowa_XIVw.jpg/500px-Lubeka_kolorowa_litografia_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCkowa_XIVw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="283" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lubeca urbs imperialis libera</i></span></i> – Free Imperial City of <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Audienz_Reichskammergericht.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An audience of the Reichskammergericht in Wetzlar, 1750. The Imperial city was saved from oblivion in 1689 when it was decided to move the Imperial Chamber Court to Wetzlar from Speyer, too exposed to French aggression."><img alt="An audience of the Reichskammergericht in Wetzlar, 1750. The Imperial city was saved from oblivion in 1689 when it was decided to move the Imperial Chamber Court to Wetzlar from Speyer, too exposed to French aggression." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Audienz_Reichskammergericht.jpg/145px-Audienz_Reichskammergericht.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Audienz_Reichskammergericht.jpg/218px-Audienz_Reichskammergericht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Audienz_Reichskammergericht.jpg/291px-Audienz_Reichskammergericht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="3088" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An audience of the <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reichskammergericht" title="Reichskammergericht">Reichskammergericht</a></i></span></i> in Wetzlar, 1750. The Imperial city was saved from oblivion in 1689 when it was decided to move the Imperial Chamber Court to Wetzlar from Speyer, too exposed to French aggression.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%BChlhausen,_Free_Imperial_City_in_Thuringia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Free Imperial City of Mühlhausen in the 18th century"><img alt="Map of the Free Imperial City of Mühlhausen in the 18th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/M%C3%BChlhausen%2C_Free_Imperial_City_in_Thuringia.jpg/180px-M%C3%BChlhausen%2C_Free_Imperial_City_in_Thuringia.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/M%C3%BChlhausen%2C_Free_Imperial_City_in_Thuringia.jpg/270px-M%C3%BChlhausen%2C_Free_Imperial_City_in_Thuringia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/M%C3%BChlhausen%2C_Free_Imperial_City_in_Thuringia.jpg/360px-M%C3%BChlhausen%2C_Free_Imperial_City_in_Thuringia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of the Free Imperial City of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChlhausen" title="Mühlhausen">Mühlhausen</a> in the 18th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_City_of_Hamburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Free Imperial City of Hamburg with its outlying exclaves"><img alt="Map of the Free Imperial City of Hamburg with its outlying exclaves" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Imperial_City_of_Hamburg.jpg/180px-Imperial_City_of_Hamburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Imperial_City_of_Hamburg.jpg/270px-Imperial_City_of_Hamburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Imperial_City_of_Hamburg.jpg/360px-Imperial_City_of_Hamburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of the Free Imperial City of <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> with its outlying exclaves</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Free_Imperial_City_of_Ulm.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Free Imperial City of Ulm in the 18th century"><img alt="Map of the Free Imperial City of Ulm in the 18th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Free_Imperial_City_of_Ulm.jpg/180px-Free_Imperial_City_of_Ulm.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Free_Imperial_City_of_Ulm.jpg/270px-Free_Imperial_City_of_Ulm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Free_Imperial_City_of_Ulm.jpg/360px-Free_Imperial_City_of_Ulm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4100" data-file-height="3464" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Ulm" title="Free Imperial City of Ulm">Free Imperial City of Ulm</a> in the 18th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Territory_of_the_Imperial_City_of_Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall_1762.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Free Imperial City of Hall in the 18th century"><img alt="Map of the Free Imperial City of Hall in the 18th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Territory_of_the_Imperial_City_of_Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall_1762.jpg/180px-Territory_of_the_Imperial_City_of_Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall_1762.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Territory_of_the_Imperial_City_of_Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall_1762.jpg/270px-Territory_of_the_Imperial_City_of_Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall_1762.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Territory_of_the_Imperial_City_of_Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall_1762.jpg/360px-Territory_of_the_Imperial_City_of_Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall_1762.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1347" data-file-height="1144" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of the Free Imperial City of <a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall" title="Schwäbisch Hall">Hall</a> in the 18th century</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_imperial_city&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">City-state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_city_(classical_antiquity)" title="Free city (classical antiquity)">Free city (classical antiquity)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_immediacy" title="Imperial immediacy">Imperial immediacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Free_Imperial_Cities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Free Imperial Cities">List of Free Imperial Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck_law" title="Lübeck law">Lübeck law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_free_city" title="Royal free city">Royal free city</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_imperial_city&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This figure does not include the ten cities of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9capole" title="Décapole">Décapole</a></i></span>, which, while still formally independent from 1648 to 1679, had been placed under the heavy-handed "protection" of the French king.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Territorial city" is a term used by modern historians to denote any German city or town that was not a Free Imperial City.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Examples of such cities were <a href="/wiki/Lemgo" title="Lemgo">Lemgo</a> (<a href="/wiki/County_of_Lippe" title="County of Lippe">county of Lippe</a>), <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtersloh" title="Gütersloh">Gütersloh</a> (<a href="/wiki/County_of_Bentheim" title="County of Bentheim">county of Bentheim</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Emden" title="Emden">Emden</a> (<a href="/wiki/County_of_East_Frisia" title="County of East Frisia">county of East Frisia</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">All the cities of Southern Germany (located in the <a href="/wiki/Swabian_Circle" title="Swabian Circle">Swabian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franconian_Circle" title="Franconian Circle">Franconian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Circle" title="Bavarian Circle">Bavarian</a> circles) belonged to the Swabian bench, while all the others belonged to Rhenish bench, even cities such as <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> that were quite far from the Rhineland.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_imperial_city&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHolland1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Holland, Arthur William (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Imperial Cities or Towns"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Imperial_Cities_or_Towns">"Imperial Cities or Towns" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 342.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Imperial+Cities+or+Towns&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=342&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=Arthur+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+imperial+city" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whaley, vol.1, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGagliardo1991" class="citation book cs1">Gagliardo, John G. (1991). <i>Germany under the Old Regime, 1600–1790</i>. London and New York: Longman. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany+under+the+Old+Regime%2C+1600%E2%80%931790&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Gagliardo&rft.aufirst=John+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+imperial+city" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gagliardo, p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhaley2012" class="citation book cs1">Whaley, Joachim (2012). <i>Germany and the Holy Roman Empire</i>. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. pp. 250, 510, 532.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany+and+the+Holy+Roman+Empire&rft.pages=250%2C+510%2C+532&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Whaley&rft.aufirst=Joachim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+imperial+city" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gagliardo, pp 6–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Register" title="Imperial Register">Reichsmatrikel</a> contained errors. Some of the 85 cities listed were not free imperial cities (for instance Lemgo) while some cities were omitted (Bremen). Among cities on the list, Metz, Toul, Verdun, Besançon, Cambrai, Strasburg, and the 10 cities of the Alsatian <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9capole" title="Décapole">Dekapolis</a> were to be absorbed by France, while Basel, Schaffhausen and St. Gallen would join the Swiss Confederacy.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Benecke, <i>Society and Politics in Germany, 1500–1750</i>, Routledge & Kegan Paul and University of Toronto Press, London, Toronto and Buffalo, 1974, Appendix II.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Benecke, <i>Society and Politics in Germany, 1500–1750</i>, Routledge & Kegan Paul and University of Toronto Press, London, Toronto and Buffalo, 1974, Appendix III.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whaley, vol. 1, pp. 532–533.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter H. Wilson, <i>The Holy Roman Empire, 1495–1806</i>, Palgrave Macmillan, 1999, p. 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whaley, vol. 2, p. 210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whaley, vol. 2, p. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Benecke, p. 162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franck Lafage, <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Les comtes Schönborn, 1642–1756</i></span></i>, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/L%27Harmattan" title="L'Harmattan">L'Harmattan</a></i></span>, Paris, 2008, vol. II, p. 319.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franck Lafage, p. 319–323</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europealacarte.co.uk/Germany/lubeck.html">Lubeck</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071217125921/http://www.europealacarte.co.uk/Germany/lubeck.html">Archived</a> 2007-12-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Europe à la Carte</i></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_imperial_city&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWood1907" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Wood_(encyclopaedist)" title="James Wood (encyclopaedist)">Wood, James</a>, ed. (1907). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Nuttall_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/F#Free_Cities_of_Germany" class="extiw" title="s:The Nuttall Encyclopædia/F">Free Cities of Germany</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nuttall_Encyclop%C3%A6dia" title="The Nuttall Encyclopædia">The Nuttall Encyclopædia</a></i>. London and New York: Frederick Warne.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Free+Cities+of+Germany&rft.btitle=The+Nuttall+Encyclop%C3%A6dia&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Frederick+Warne&rft.date=1907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+imperial+city" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9capole" title="Décapole">Décapole</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Alliance of ten <a href="/wiki/Imperial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial city">Imperial cities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a> region 1354-1679</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founding cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_haguenau_67.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Blason_haguenau_67.svg/20px-Blason_haguenau_67.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Blason_haguenau_67.svg/40px-Blason_haguenau_67.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Haguenau" title="Haguenau">Haguenau</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Image-Blason_Colmar_68.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Image-Blason_Colmar_68.svg/20px-Image-Blason_Colmar_68.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Image-Blason_Colmar_68.svg/40px-Image-Blason_Colmar_68.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Wissembourg_67.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Blason_Wissembourg_67.svg/20px-Blason_Wissembourg_67.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Blason_Wissembourg_67.svg/30px-Blason_Wissembourg_67.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Blason_Wissembourg_67.svg/40px-Blason_Wissembourg_67.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="608" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wissembourg" title="Wissembourg">Wissembourg</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_de_la_ville_de_Turckheim_(68).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Blason_de_la_ville_de_Turckheim_%2868%29.svg/20px-Blason_de_la_ville_de_Turckheim_%2868%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Blason_de_la_ville_de_Turckheim_%2868%29.svg/40px-Blason_de_la_ville_de_Turckheim_%2868%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Turckheim" title="Turckheim">Turckheim</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FRA_Obernai_67_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/FRA_Obernai_67_COA.svg/20px-FRA_Obernai_67_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/FRA_Obernai_67_COA.svg/40px-FRA_Obernai_67_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="606" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Obernai" title="Obernai">Obernai</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_de_la_ville_de_Kaysersberg_(68).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Blason_de_la_ville_de_Kaysersberg_%2868%29.svg/20px-Blason_de_la_ville_de_Kaysersberg_%2868%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Blason_de_la_ville_de_Kaysersberg_%2868%29.svg/40px-Blason_de_la_ville_de_Kaysersberg_%2868%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kaysersberg" title="Kaysersberg">Kaysersberg</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Rosheim_67.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Blason_Rosheim_67.svg/20px-Blason_Rosheim_67.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Blason_Rosheim_67.svg/40px-Blason_Rosheim_67.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rosheim" title="Rosheim">Rosheim</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_de_la_ville_de_Munster_(68).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Blason_de_la_ville_de_Munster_%2868%29.svg/20px-Blason_de_la_ville_de_Munster_%2868%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Blason_de_la_ville_de_Munster_%2868%29.svg/40px-Blason_de_la_ville_de_Munster_%2868%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Munster,_Haut-Rhin" title="Munster, Haut-Rhin">Munster</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_S%C3%A9lestat_(Alsace).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Blason_ville_fr_S%C3%A9lestat_%28Alsace%29.svg/20px-Blason_ville_fr_S%C3%A9lestat_%28Alsace%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Blason_ville_fr_S%C3%A9lestat_%28Alsace%29.svg/40px-Blason_ville_fr_S%C3%A9lestat_%28Alsace%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9lestat" title="Sélestat">Sélestat</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Mulhouse.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Blason_Mulhouse.svg/20px-Blason_Mulhouse.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Blason_Mulhouse.svg/40px-Blason_Mulhouse.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mulhouse</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperors-Or_shield_variant.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors-Or_shield_variant.svg/50px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors-Or_shield_variant.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors-Or_shield_variant.svg/75px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors-Or_shield_variant.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors-Or_shield_variant.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Leopold_II_and_Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperors-Or_shield_variant.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="1123" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Landau_in_der_Pfalz_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/DEU_Landau_in_der_Pfalz_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Landau_in_der_Pfalz_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/DEU_Landau_in_der_Pfalz_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Landau_in_der_Pfalz_COA.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="573" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Landau_in_der_Pfalz" class="mw-redirect" title="Landau in der Pfalz">Landau</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Seltz.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Blason_ville_fr_Seltz.svg/20px-Blason_ville_fr_Seltz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Blason_ville_fr_Seltz.svg/40px-Blason_ville_fr_Seltz.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Seltz" title="Seltz">Seltz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Alsace" title="Category:Alsace">Category:Alsace</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Free_imperial_cities_of_the_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Holy_Roman_Empire&#124;link=Holy_Roman_Empire_Holy_Roman_Empire459" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Free_imperial_cities" title="Template:Free imperial cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Free_imperial_cities" title="Template talk:Free imperial cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Free_imperial_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Free imperial cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Free_imperial_cities_of_the_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Holy_Roman_Empire&#124;link=Holy_Roman_Empire_Holy_Roman_Empire459" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Free imperial cities</a> of the <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/40px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/60px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="By_1792459" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">By 1792</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Aachen" title="Free Imperial City of Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aalen" title="Aalen">Aalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biberach_an_der_Ri%C3%9F" title="Biberach an der Riß">Biberach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopfingen" title="Bopfingen">Bopfingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">Bremen</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Buchau" title="Bad Buchau">Buchau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrichshafen" title="Friedrichshafen">Buchhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinkelsb%C3%BChl" title="Dinkelsbühl">Dinkelsbühl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar">Eßlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Frankfurt" title="Free City of Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedberg,_Hesse" title="Friedberg, Hesse">Friedberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gengenbach" title="Gengenbach">Gengenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giengen" title="Giengen">Giengen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goslar" title="Goslar">Goslar</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isny_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Isny im Allgäu">Isny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaufbeuren" title="Kaufbeuren">Kaufbeuren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Kempten" title="Free Imperial City of Kempten">Kempten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kessenich" title="Kessenich">Kessenich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leutkirch_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Leutkirch im Allgäu">Leutkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindau" title="Lindau">Lindau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_L%C3%BCbeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Free City of Lübeck">Lübeck</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen">Memmingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChlhausen" title="Mühlhausen">Mühlhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mülhausen</a><sup><small>D, S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordhausen,_Thuringia" title="Nordhausen, Thuringia">Nordhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B6rdlingen" title="Nördlingen">Nördlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Nuremberg" title="Free Imperial City of Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenburg" title="Offenburg">Offenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfullendorf" title="Pfullendorf">Pfullendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensburg" title="Ravensburg">Ravensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber" title="Rothenburg ob der Tauber">Rothenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottweil" title="Rottweil">Rottweil</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Gm%C3%BCnd" title="Schwäbisch Gmünd">Schwäbisch Gmünd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall" title="Schwäbisch Hall">Schwäbisch Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweinfurt" title="Schweinfurt">Schweinfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cberlingen" title="Überlingen">Überlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Ulm" title="Free Imperial City of Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangen_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Wangen im Allgäu">Wangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weil_der_Stadt" title="Weil der Stadt">Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fenburg_in_Bayern" title="Weißenburg in Bayern">Weißenburg in Bayern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetzlar" title="Wetzlar">Wetzlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Wimpfen" title="Bad Wimpfen">Wimpfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Windsheim" title="Bad Windsheim">Windsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zell_am_Harmersbach" title="Zell am Harmersbach">Zell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png/150px-Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png/225px-Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png/300px-Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png 2x" data-file-width="1545" data-file-height="1330" /></a></span><br /><small>Free Imperial Cities by 1792</small></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lost_imperial_immediacy_or_no_longer_part_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_by_1792459" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lost <a href="/wiki/Imperial_immediacy" title="Imperial immediacy">imperial immediacy</a> or no longer part of the Holy Roman Empire by 1792</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bern" title="History of Bern">Bern</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Besan%C3%A7on" title="Free Imperial City of Besançon">Besançon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brakel,_Germany" title="Brakel, Germany">Brakel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambrai" title="Cambrai">Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diessenhofen" title="Diessenhofen">Diessenhofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donauw%C3%B6rth" title="Donauwörth">Donauwörth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCren" title="Düren">Düren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelnhausen" title="Gelnhausen">Gelnhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haguenau" title="Haguenau">Hagenau</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herford" title="Herford">Herford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaysersberg" title="Kaysersberg">Kaysersberg</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Kolmar</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstanz" title="Konstanz">Konstanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landau" title="Landau">Landau</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemgo" title="Lemgo">Lemgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munster,_Haut-Rhin" title="Munster, Haut-Rhin">Munster</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obernai" title="Obernai">Obernai</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfeddersheim" title="Pfeddersheim">Pfeddersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinfelden_(Aargau)" title="Rheinfelden (Aargau)">Rheinfelden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosheim" title="Rosheim">Rosheim</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarrebourg" title="Sarrebourg">Sarrebourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmalkalden" title="Schmalkalden">Schmalkalden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9lestat" title="Sélestat">Schlettstadt</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seltz" title="Seltz">Seltz</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soest,_Germany" title="Soest, Germany">Soest</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Straßburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toul" title="Toul">Toul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turckheim" title="Turckheim">Turckheim</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verden_an_der_Aller" class="mw-redirect" title="Verden an der Aller">Verden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun">Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warburg" title="Warburg">Warburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wissembourg" title="Wissembourg">Weißenburg in Elsaß</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Zürich">Zürich</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>D</small></sup> Member of the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9capole" title="Décapole">Décapole</a></li> <li><sup><small>H</small></sup> Member of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a></li> <li><sup><small>S</small></sup> Member or associate of the <a href="/wiki/Growth_of_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy">Swiss Confederacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Holy_Roman_Empire&#124;link=Holy_Roman_Empire_Upper_Rhenish_Circle_(1500–1806)_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire1433" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Upper_Rhenish_Circle" title="Template:Upper Rhenish Circle"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Upper_Rhenish_Circle" title="Template talk:Upper Rhenish Circle"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Upper_Rhenish_Circle" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Upper Rhenish Circle"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Holy_Roman_Empire&#124;link=Holy_Roman_Empire_Upper_Rhenish_Circle_(1500–1806)_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire1433" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/40px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/60px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhenish_Circle" title="Upper Rhenish Circle">Upper Rhenish Circle</a> (1500–1806) of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince-Bishop">Ecclesiastical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Basel" title="Prince-Bishopric of Basel">Basel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulda_monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulda monastery">Fulda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hersfeld_Abbey" title="Hersfeld Abbey">Hersfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Metz" title="Prince-Bishopric of Metz">Metz</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96stringen" title="Östringen">Odenheim</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bruchsal" title="Bruchsal">Bruchsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BCm_Abbey" title="Prüm Abbey">Prüm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Speyer" title="Prince-Bishopric of Speyer">Speyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Strasbourg" title="Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg">Straßburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Diocese_of_Toul" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Diocese of Toul">Toul</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Verdun" title="Prince-Bishopric of Verdun">Verdun</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wissembourg" title="Wissembourg">Weißenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Worms" title="Prince-Bishopric of Worms">Worms</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Upper-Rhenisch_Circle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating the Upper Rhenish Circle of the Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Map indicating the Upper Rhenish Circle of the Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Locator_Upper-Rhenisch_Circle.svg/200px-Locator_Upper-Rhenisch_Circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Locator_Upper-Rhenisch_Circle.svg/300px-Locator_Upper-Rhenisch_Circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Locator_Upper-Rhenisch_Circle.svg/400px-Locator_Upper-Rhenisch_Circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="1140" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrst" title="Fürst">Secular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bar" title="Duchy of Bar">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Heitersheim" title="Principality of Heitersheim">Heitersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hersfeld_Abbey" title="Hersfeld Abbey">Hersfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse" title="Landgraviate of Hesse">Hesse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse-Darmstadt" title="Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesse-Homburg" title="Hesse-Homburg">Homburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel">Kassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesse-Marburg" title="Hesse-Marburg">Marburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesse-Rheinfels" title="Hesse-Rheinfels">Rheinfels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isenburg-Birstein" title="Isenburg-Birstein">Isenburg-Birstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern" title="Kaiserslautern">Lautern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_(duchy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorraine (duchy)">Lorraine</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nassau (state)">Nassau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idstein" title="Idstein">Idstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottweiler" title="Ottweiler">Ottweiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Nassau-Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="County of Nassau-Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau-Usingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nassau-Usingen">Usingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Nassau-Weilburg" title="House of Nassau-Weilburg">Weilburg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salm_(state)" title="Salm (state)">Salm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salm-Kyrburg" title="Salm-Kyrburg">Kyrburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salm-Salm" title="Salm-Salm">Salm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Palatinate-Simmern" title="House of Palatinate-Simmern">Simmern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solms-Braunfels" title="Solms-Braunfels">Solms-Braunfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Sponheim" title="County of Sponheim">Sponheim</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Palatine_of_Veldenz" title="County Palatine of Veldenz">Veldenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldeck_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Waldeck (state)">Waldeck</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Palatine_of_Zweibr%C3%BCcken" class="mw-redirect" title="County Palatine of Zweibrücken">Zweibrücken</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Graf" title="Graf">Counts</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lord" title="Lord">Lords</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">With<br /><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Diet_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)">Imp. Diet</a><br />seats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanau" title="Hanau">Hanau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanau-Lichtenberg" title="Hanau-Lichtenberg">Lichtenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanau-M%C3%BCnzenberg" title="Hanau-Münzenberg">Münzenberg</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Isenburg" title="County of Isenburg">Isenburg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isenburg-Birstein" title="Isenburg-Birstein">Birstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isenburg-B%C3%BCdingen" title="Isenburg-Büdingen">Büdingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isenburg-B%C3%BCdingen-Birstein" title="Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein">Büdingen-Birstein</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigstein_im_Taunus" title="Königstein im Taunus">Königstein</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigstein-Mainz" class="mw-redirect" title="Königstein-Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6nigstein-Stolberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Königstein-Stolberg (page does not exist)">Stolberg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Kriechingen" title="County of Kriechingen">Kriechingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Leiningen" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Leiningen">Leiningen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leiningen-Dagsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Leiningen-Dagsburg">Dagsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiningen-Hardenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Leiningen-Hardenburg">Hardenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiningen-Westerburg" title="Leiningen-Westerburg">Westerburg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salm_(state)" title="Salm (state)">Salm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaugrehweiler" title="Gaugrehweiler">Grehweiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salm-Grumbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Salm-Grumbach">Grumbach</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solms" title="Solms">Solms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solms-Hohensolms" class="mw-redirect" title="Solms-Hohensolms">Hohensolms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solms-Laubach" title="Solms-Laubach">Laubach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solms-Lich" class="mw-redirect" title="Solms-Lich">Lich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solms-R%C3%B6delheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Solms-Rödelheim">Rödelheim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetterau" title="Wetterau">Wetterau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayn-Wittgenstein" title="Sayn-Wittgenstein">Wittgenstein</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg" title="Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg">Berleburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayn-Wittgenstein-Wittgenstein" title="Sayn-Wittgenstein-Wittgenstein">Wittgenstein</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Without</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bretzenheim_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bretzenheim (state)">Bretzenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagstuhl" title="Dagstuhl">Dagstuhl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Falkenstein_(Rhineland-Palatinate)" title="Counts of Falkenstein (Rhineland-Palatinate)">Falkenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Isenburg" title="County of Isenburg">Isenburg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isenburg-Meerholz" title="Isenburg-Meerholz">Meerholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isenburg-W%C3%A4chtersbach" title="Isenburg-Wächtersbach">Wächtersbach</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mensfelden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mensfelden (page does not exist)">Mensfelden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olbr%C3%BCck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olbrück (page does not exist)">Olbrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reipoltskirchen" title="Reipoltskirchen">Reipoltskirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochstetten-Dhaun" title="Hochstetten-Dhaun">Salm-Dhaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartenberg,_Hesse" title="Wartenberg, Hesse">Wartenberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9capole" title="Décapole">Décapole</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haguenau" title="Haguenau">Hagenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaysersberg" title="Kaysersberg">Kaisersberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landau" title="Landau">Landau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mülhausen</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munster,_Haut-Rhin" title="Munster, Haut-Rhin">Münster im Elsaß</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obernai" title="Obernai">Oberehnheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosheim" title="Rosheim">Rosheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9lestat" title="Sélestat">Schlettstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turckheim" title="Turckheim">Türkheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wissembourg" title="Wissembourg">Weißenburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Frankfurt" title="Free City of Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedberg,_Hesse" title="Friedberg, Hesse">Friedberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Strasbourg" title="Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg">Straßburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toul" title="Toul">Toul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun">Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetzlar" title="Wetzlar">Wetzlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding:0.3em 0 0.2em;"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> Part of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Bishoprics" title="Three Bishoprics">Three Bishoprics</a>.<span class="nowrap">   </span><sup><small>2</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nomeny" title="Nomeny">Nomeny</a> after 1737.<span class="nowrap">   </span><sup><small>3</small></sup> without <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichstag (Holy Roman Empire)">Reichstag</a> seat.<span class="nowrap">   </span><sup><small>4</small></sup> until 1736.<span class="nowrap">   </span><sup><small>5</small></sup> Joined <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Swiss Confederacy</a> in 1515.<br /><br />Circles est. 1500: <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Circle" title="Bavarian Circle">Bavarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swabian_Circle" title="Swabian Circle">Swabian</a>, <b>Upper Rhenish</b>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Rhenish%E2%80%93Westphalian_Circle" title="Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle">Lower Rhenish–Westphalian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franconian_Circle" title="Franconian Circle">Franconian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxon_Circle" title="Lower Saxon Circle">(Lower) Saxon</a><br />Circles est. 1512: <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Circle" title="Austrian Circle">Austrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Circle" title="Burgundian Circle">Burgundian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Saxon_Circle" title="Upper Saxon Circle">Upper Saxon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Rhenish_Circle" title="Electoral Rhenish Circle">Electoral Rhenish</a> <span class="nowrap">   </span> · <span class="nowrap">   </span> <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_outside_the_Imperial_Circles" title="Territories of the Holy Roman Empire outside the Imperial Circles">Unencircled territories</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Designations_for_types_of_administrative_division519" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Types_of_administrative_division" title="Template:Types of administrative division"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Types_of_administrative_division" title="Template talk:Types of administrative division"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Types_of_administrative_division" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Types of administrative division"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Designations_for_types_of_administrative_division519" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Designations for types of <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">administrative division</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="English_terms519" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_terms_for_administrative_divisions" title="List of terms for administrative divisions">English terms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Common_English_terms39" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Common English terms</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insular_area" title="Insular area">Insular area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_area" title="Local government area">Local government area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Areas_Board" title="Special Areas Board">Special area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unorganized_area" title="Unorganized area">Unorganized area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">Borough</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">County borough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">Metropolitan borough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canton_(administrative_division)" title="Canton (administrative division)">Canton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Half-canton" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-canton">Half-canton</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_capital" title="Federal capital">Federal capital</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capital_city#Origins" title="Capital city">Imperial capital</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_city" title="Autonomous city">Autonomous city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter city">Charter city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_city" title="Independent city">Independent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incorporated_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Incorporated city">Incorporated city</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imperial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial city">Imperial city</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Free imperial city</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Royal_free_city" title="Royal free city">Royal free city</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Community_(administrative_division)" title="Community (administrative division)">Community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_community" title="Residential community">Residential community</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/County" title="County">County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_county" title="Administrative county">Administrative county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_county" title="Autonomous county">Autonomous county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">Consolidated city-county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_town" title="County town">County town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county" title="Metropolitan county">Metropolitan county</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">Non-metropolitan county</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_county_municipality" title="Regional county municipality">Regional county municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viscountcy" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscountcy">Viscounty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas country">Overseas country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_(administrative_division)" title="Department (administrative division)">Department</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">Overseas department</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/District" title="District">District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital district">Capital district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_district" title="City district">City district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_district" title="Congressional district">Congressional district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district" title="Electoral district">Electoral district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_government_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian government district">Indian government district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_district" title="Land district">Land district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Manitoba#Local_government_districts" title="List of municipalities in Manitoba">Local government district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan district">Metropolitan district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">Non-metropolitan district</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_district" title="Military district">Military district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_district" title="Municipal district">Municipal district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_district" title="Police district">Police district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_district" title="Regional district">Regional district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_district" title="Rural district">Rural district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitary_district" title="Sanitary district">Sanitary district</a></li> <li>Service district <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Educational_service_district_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Educational service district (disambiguation)">Educational service district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_service_district_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Local service district (disambiguation)">Local service district</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">School district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_school_district" title="Intermediate school district">Intermediate school district</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_district_(United_States)" title="Special district (United States)">Special district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_district_(United_States)" title="Special district (United States)">in the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_district" title="Urban district">Urban district</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Division_(political_geography)" title="Division (political geography)">Division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_division" title="Census division">Census division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_division" title="Police division">Police division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_division" class="mw-redirect" title="Revenue division">Subdivision of India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian reserve/reservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reserve" title="Indian reserve">Indian reserve</a> (Canada)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">Municipality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="City municipality">City municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_municipality" title="County municipality">County municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct-controlled_municipality" title="Direct-controlled municipality">Direct-controlled municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_municipality" title="District municipality">District municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral municipality">Neutral municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_municipality" title="Regional municipality">Regional municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resort_municipality" title="Resort municipality">Resort municipality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_resort_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain resort municipality">Mountain resort municipality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_municipality" title="Rural municipality">Rural municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialized_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Specialized municipality">Specialized municipality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture" title="Prefecture">Prefecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_prefecture" title="Autonomous prefecture">Autonomous prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subprefecture" title="Subprefecture">Subprefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Super-prefecture">Super-prefecture</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture" title="Praetorian prefecture">Praetorian prefecture</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_province" title="Autonomous province">Autonomous province</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Overseas_province" title="Overseas province">Overseas province</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">Roman province</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Region" title="Region">Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Administrative region <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_region" title="Special administrative region">Special administrative region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous region">Autonomous region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_region" title="Capital region">Capital region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_capital_region" class="mw-redirect" title="National capital region">National capital region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_region" title="Development region">Development region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoregion_(geography)" title="Mesoregion (geography)">Mesoregion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microregion" title="Microregion">Microregion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas region">Overseas region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subregion_(administrative_division)" title="Subregion (administrative division)">Subregion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-state" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-state">Proto-state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">City-state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal state">Federal state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_state_(polity)" title="Free state (polity)">Free state</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital territory">Capital territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_capital_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal capital territory">Federal capital territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_capital_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="National capital territory">National capital territory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_territory" title="Federal territory">Federal territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incorporated_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Incorporated territory">Incorporated territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organized_incorporated_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Organized incorporated territory">Organized incorporated territory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas territory">Overseas territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">Union territory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Town</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_town" title="Census town">Census town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_town" title="Market town">Market town</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Township" title="Township">Township</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charter_township" title="Charter township">Charter township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Civil township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_township" title="Paper township">Paper township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survey_township" title="Survey township">Survey township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_township" title="Urban township">Urban township</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional unit">Regional unit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Economic zone <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">Exclusive economic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_economic_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Free economic zone">Free economic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zone" title="Special economic zone">Special economic zone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusion_zone" title="Exclusion zone">Exclusion zone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_exclusion_zone" title="Military exclusion zone">Military exclusion zone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_speech_zone" title="Free speech zone">Free speech zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_zone_(territorial_entity)" title="Neutral zone (territorial entity)">Neutral zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-administered_zone" title="Self-administered zone">Self-administered zone</a></li> <li>Trade zone <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free-trade_zone" title="Free-trade zone">Free-trade zone</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_English_terms39" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other English terms</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Victoria#Alpine_resorts" title="Local government in Victoria">Alpine resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick" title="Bailiwick">Bailiwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banner_(administrative_division)" title="Banner (administrative division)">Banner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banners_of_Inner_Mongolia" title="Banners of Inner Mongolia">Autonomous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_(district_subdivision)" title="Block (district subdivision)">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadastre" title="Cadastre">Cadastre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_(administrative_division)" title="Circle (administrative division)">Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_(administrative_division)" title="Circuit (administrative division)">Circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condominium_(international_law)" title="Condominium (international law)">Condominium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constituency_(administrative_division)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituency (administrative division)">Constituency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy" title="Duchy">Duchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_duchy" title="District duchy">District</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elderships_of_Lithuania" title="Elderships of Lithuania">Eldership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate" title="Emirate">Emirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclave_and_exclave" title="Enclave and exclave">Enclave and exclave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Dependencies_of_Venezuela" title="Federal Dependencies of Venezuela">Federal dependency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate" title="Governorate">Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(place)" title="Hamlet (place)">Hamlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manorialism" title="Manorialism">Manor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_manor" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal manor">Royal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muftiate" title="Muftiate">Muftiate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighbourhood" title="Neighbourhood">Neighbourhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_(administrative_division)" title="Parish (administrative division)">Parish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_precinct" title="Electoral precinct">Precinct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">Protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(urban_subdivision)" title="Quarter (urban subdivision)">Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regencies_and_cities_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regencies and cities of Indonesia">Regency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_republic" title="Autonomous republic">Autonomous republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riding_(division)" title="Riding (division)">Riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sector_(administrative_division)" title="Sector (administrative division)">Sector</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous sector">Autonomous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shire" title="Shire">Shire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate">Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">Suzerainty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townland" title="Townland">Townland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village" title="Village">Village</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_summer_villages_in_Alberta" title="List of summer villages in Alberta">Summer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_(electoral_subdivision)" title="Ward (electoral subdivision)">Ward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agency_(administrative_division)" title="Agency (administrative division)">Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barony_(county_division)" title="Barony (county division)">Barony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgh" title="Burgh">Burgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarchate" title="Exarchate">Exarchate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hide_(unit)" title="Hide (unit)">Hide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_(county_division)" title="Hundred (county division)">Hundred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Circle">Imperial Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_(territorial_entity)" class="mw-redirect" title="March (territorial entity)">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monthon" title="Monthon">Monthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_(administrative_division)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency (administrative division)">Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residency_(administrative_division)" title="Residency (administrative division)">Residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_diocese" title="Roman diocese">Roman diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seat_(administrative_division)" title="Seat (administrative division)">Seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_(administrative_division)" title="Tenth (administrative division)">Tenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithing" title="Tithing">Tithing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty" title="Viceroyalty">Viceroyalty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Non-English_terms_or_loanwords519" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Non-English terms or loanwords</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amt" title="Amt">Amt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apskritis" class="mw-redirect" title="Apskritis">Apskritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakhsh" title="Bakhsh">Bakhsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">Barangay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashki" class="mw-redirect" title="Bashki">Bashki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezirk" title="Bezirk">Bezirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Regierungsbezirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comarca" title="Comarca">Comarca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazione" title="Frazione">Frazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freguesia" title="Freguesia">Freguesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_(administrative_division)" title="Fu (administrative division)">Fu</a></li> <li>Gemeinde <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinde_(Austria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeinde (Austria)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinde_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeinde (Germany)">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinde_(South_Tyrol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeinde (South Tyrol)">South Tyrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinde_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeinde (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeente_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Gemeente (disambiguation)">Gemeente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina" title="Gmina">Gmina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hromada" title="Hromada">Hromada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude%C8%9B" title="Județ">Județ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong" title="Kampong">Kampong</a></li> <li>Kommun/Kunta <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Finland" title="Municipalities of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Sweden" title="Municipalities of Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4n" title="Län">Län (Sweden)</a></li> <li>Landskap <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Finland" title="Regions of Finland">Finland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localit%C3%A0" title="Località">Località</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Finland" title="Regions of Finland">Maakunta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Hungary" title="Counties of Hungary">Megye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muban" title="Muban">Muban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukim" title="Mukim">Mukim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj%C3%ABsi_administrative" class="mw-redirect" title="Njësi administrative">Njësi administrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obec" title="Obec">Obec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblast" title="Oblast">Oblast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_oblast" title="Autonomous oblast">Autonomous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okrug" title="Okrug">Okrug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Iran" title="Provinces of Iran">Ostān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poblacion" title="Poblacion">Poblacion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purok" title="Purok">Purok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qark" class="mw-redirect" title="Qark">Qark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raion" title="Raion">Raion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savivaldyb%C4%97" class="mw-redirect" title="Savivaldybė">Savivaldybė</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selsoviet" title="Selsoviet">Selsoviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitio" title="Sitio">Sitio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seni%C5%ABnija" class="mw-redirect" title="Seniūnija">Seniūnija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Iran" title="Counties of Iran">Shahrestān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sum_(administrative_division)" title="Sum (administrative division)">Sum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sums_of_Inner_Mongolia" title="Sums of Inner Mongolia">China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BDsla" title="Sýsla">Sýsla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehsil" title="Tehsil">Tehsil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban-type_settlement" title="Urban-type settlement">Townlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine" title="Vingtaine">Vingtaine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commote" title="Commote">Commote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_(territory)" title="Gau (territory)">Gau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heerlijkheid" title="Heerlijkheid">Heerlijkheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komun%C3%AB" title="Komunë">Komunë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ping" title="Köping">Köping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korale" title="Korale">Korale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Finland" title="Provinces of Finland">Län/Lääni</a></li> <li>Landskap <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Sweden" title="Provinces of Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalaiskunta" title="Maalaiskunta">Landskommun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalaiskunta" title="Maalaiskunta">Maalaiskunta</a></li> <li>Nome <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nome_(Egypt)" title="Nome (Egypt)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Greece" title="Prefectures of Greece">Greece</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagus" title="Pagus">Pagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pargana" title="Pargana">Pargana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plas%C4%83" title="Plasă">Plasă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rreth" class="mw-redirect" title="Rreth">Rreth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">Satrapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socken" title="Socken">Socken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subah" title="Subah">Subah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syssel" title="Syssel">Syssel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_(administrative_division)" title="Zhou (administrative division)">Zhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Used by ten or more countries or having derived terms. Historical derivations in <i>italics</i>. <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Autonomous_types_of_first-tier_administration" title="Template:Autonomous types of first-tier administration">Autonomous administration</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Census_division" title="Census division">Census division</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district" title="Electoral district">Electoral district</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_by_country" title="List of administrative divisions by country">List of administrative divisions by country</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_terms_for_administrative_divisions" title="Template:Greek terms for administrative divisions">Greek administrative divisions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Slavic-language_terms_for_administrative_divisions" title="Template:Slavic-language terms for administrative divisions">Slavic administrative divisions</a></dd></dl></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox389" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57318#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4131009-3">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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