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class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i><span lang="en">Infrared Astronomical Satellite</span></i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 38 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="إراس – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إراس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="IRAS" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="IRAS" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="IRAS" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_Astronomical_Satellite" title="Infrared Astronomical Satellite – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Infrared Astronomical Satellite" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="IRAS" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="IRAS" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS_(kosma_observatorio)" title="IRAS (kosma observatorio) – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="IRAS (kosma observatorio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="IRAS" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="IRAS" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ایراس – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایراس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="IRAS" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="IRAS" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="IRAS" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%9C_IRAS" title="טלסקופ החלל IRAS – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טלסקופ החלל IRAS" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8" title="आईआरएएस – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आईआरएएस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS_(satelit)" title="IRAS (satelit) – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="IRAS (satelit)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_Astronomical_Satellite" title="Infrared Astronomical Satellite – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Infrared Astronomical Satellite" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="IRAS" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="IRAS" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="IRAS" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="IRAS" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_Astronomical_Satellite" title="Infrared Astronomical Satellite – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Infrared Astronomical Satellite" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS_kosmin%C4%97_observatorija" title="IRAS kosminė observatorija – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="IRAS kosminė observatorija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS_(satelliet)" title="IRAS (satelliet) – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="IRAS (satelliet)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="IRAS" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="IRAS" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="IRAS" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="IRAS" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="IRAS" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="IRAS" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrarde%C4%8Di_astronomski_observatorij" title="Infrardeči astronomski observatorij – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Infrardeči astronomski observatorij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_Astronomical_Satellite" title="Infrared Astronomical Satellite – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Infrared Astronomical Satellite" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="அகச்சிவப்பு வானவியல் செயற்கைக்கோள் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அகச்சிவப்பு வானவியல் செயற்கைக்கோள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="IRAS" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="IRAS" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="IRAS" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="紅外線天文衛星 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="紅外線天文衛星" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q724913#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/IRAS_(homonymie)" class="mw-disambig" title="IRAS (homonymie)">IRAS (homonymie)</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #e0e0e0;"> <div>InfraRed Astronomical Satellite<br /><small><i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9lescope_spatial" title="Télescope spatial">Télescope spatial</a></i></small></div> </div> <div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:IRAS_overview.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/IRAS_overview.jpg/290px-IRAS_overview.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/IRAS_overview.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="260" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend">Vue d'artiste du satellite IRAS.</div><table><caption style="background-color:#e0e0e0;">Données générales</caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Agence_spatiale" title="Agence spatiale">Organisation</a></th> <td> <span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des États-Unis"><img alt="Drapeau des États-Unis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration">NASA</a><br /><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des Pays-Bas"><img alt="Drapeau des Pays-Bas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/NIVR" title="NIVR">NIVR</a>, <br /><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Royaume-Uni"><img alt="Drapeau du Royaume-Uni" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Science_and_Engineering_Research_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Science and Engineering Research Council">SERC</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">Constructeur</th> <td> <span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des États-Unis"><img alt="Drapeau des États-Unis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ball_Aerospace" class="mw-redirect" title="Ball Aerospace">Ball Aerospace</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">Autres noms</th> <td> IRAS</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">Base de lancement</th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Base_de_lancement_de_Vandenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Base de lancement de Vandenberg">Vandenberg</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Lancement_(astronautique)" title="Lancement (astronautique)">Lancement</a></th> <td> 25 janvier 1983</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Lanceur_(astronautique)" title="Lanceur (astronautique)">Lanceur</a></th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Delta_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Delta (fusée)">Delta</a> 3910</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">Fin de mission</th> <td> 21 novembre 1983</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">Désorbitage</th> <td> <span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage nécessite des précisions supplémentaires." style="cursor:help;">19 novembre 2016</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Pr%C3%A9ciser_un_fait" title="Aide:Préciser un fait">[Quoi ?]</a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro_d%27immatriculation_international_des_objets_spatiaux" title="Numéro d'immatriculation international des objets spatiaux">Identifiant COSPAR</a></th> <td> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1983-004A">1983-004A</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Site_web" title="Site web">Site</a></th> <td> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/Missions/iras.html">irsa.ipac.caltech.edu</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table><caption style="background-color:#e0e0e0;">Caractéristiques techniques</caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">Masse au lancement</th> <td> 1 083 kg</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Contr%C3%B4le_d%27attitude" title="Contrôle d'attitude">Contrôle d'attitude</a></th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Stabilis%C3%A9_sur_3_axes" class="mw-redirect" title="Stabilisé sur 3 axes">Stabilisé sur 3 axes</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Source_d%27%C3%A9nergie" title="Source d'énergie">Source d'énergie</a></th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Capteur_solaire_photovolta%C3%AFque" title="Capteur solaire photovoltaïque">Panneaux solaires</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#e0e0e0;">Orbite</caption><tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbite" title="Orbite">Orbite</a></th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Orbite_h%C3%A9liosynchrone" title="Orbite héliosynchrone">Héliosynchrone</a></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riapside" title="Périapside">Périapside</a></th> <td> 879 km</td> </tr><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Apoapside" title="Apoapside">Apoapside</a></th> <td> 906 km</td> </tr><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_de_r%C3%A9volution" title="Période de révolution">Période de révolution</a></th> <td> 102,8 min</td> </tr><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Inclinaison_orbitale" title="Inclinaison orbitale">Inclinaison</a></th> <td> 98,95°</td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#e0e0e0;">Télescope</caption><tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">Type</th> <td> <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9lescope_Ritchey-Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Télescope Ritchey-Chrétien">Ritchey-Chrétien</a></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Diam%C3%A8tre" title="Diamètre">Diamètre</a></th> <td> 0,57 m</td> </tr><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Focale" title="Focale">Focale</a></th> <td> 5,45 m</td> </tr><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Longueur_d%27onde" title="Longueur d'onde">Longueur d'onde</a></th> <td> Infrarouge (12, 25, 60 et 100 <a href="/wiki/Microm%C3%A8tre" title="Micromètre">µm</a>)</td> </tr></tbody></table> <p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#e0e0e0;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Infrared_Astronomical_Satellite&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Engin_spatial" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p><b><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Infrared Astronomical Satellite</span></b> (<b>IRAS</b>) était un <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9lescope_spatial" title="Télescope spatial">télescope spatial</a> dont l'objectif de réaliser un <a href="/wiki/Relev%C3%A9_astronomique" title="Relevé astronomique">relevé</a> complet des sources émettant dans les fréquences <a href="/wiki/Infrarouge" title="Infrarouge">infrarouges</a> à 12, 25, 60 et 100 <abbr class="abbr" title="micromètre">µm</abbr>. IRAS était un projet associant la <a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration">NASA</a>, <a href="/wiki/NIVR" title="NIVR">NIVR</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Science_and_Engineering_Research_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Science and Engineering Research Council">SERC</a>. Le télescope spatial est placé sur une <a href="/wiki/Orbite_h%C3%A9liosynchrone" title="Orbite héliosynchrone">orbite héliosynchrone</a> le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1983-01-25" data-sort-value="1983-01-25">25 janvier 1983</time>. Il fonctionne durant dix mois jusqu'à l'épuisement de l'hélium liquide qui refroidit ses détecteurs qui intervient le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1983-11-21" data-sort-value="1983-11-21">21 novembre 1983</time>. <span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage nécessite des précisions supplémentaires." style="cursor:help;">Le satellite se désorbite le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-11-19" data-sort-value="2016-11-19">19 novembre 2016</time>.</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Pr%C3%A9ciser_un_fait" title="Aide:Préciser un fait">[Quoi ?]</a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrared_Astronomical_Satellite&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrared_Astronomical_Satellite&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-01-30" data-sort-value="2020-01-30">30 janvier 2020</time>, il croise le satellite américain <a href="/w/index.php?title=GGSE-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GGSE-4 (page inexistante)">GGSE-4</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GGSE-4" class="extiw" title="en:GGSE-4"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « GGSE-4 »">(en)</span></a> à moins de 30 mètres de distance, au risque d'une collision entre les deux engins<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La collision n'a finalement pas lieu<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caractéristiques"><span id="Caract.C3.A9ristiques"></span>Caractéristiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrared_Astronomical_Satellite&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Caractéristiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrared_Astronomical_Satellite&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Caractéristiques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'optique d'IRAS est un <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9lescope_Ritchey-Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Télescope Ritchey-Chrétien">télescope Ritchey-Chrétien</a> doté d'un <a href="/wiki/Miroir" title="Miroir">miroir</a> de 0,57 mètre de diamètre avec une longueur focale de 5,45 m (f/9,56). Les instruments qui analysent la lumière collectée analysent le rayonnement lumineux dans quatre bandes spectrales infrarouges centrées sur les longueurs d'onde de 12 <a href="/wiki/Microm%C3%A8tre" title="Micromètre">µm</a>, 25 µm, 60 µm et 100 <abbr class="abbr" title="micromètre">µm</abbr>. La résolution spatiale va de 0,5 <a href="/wiki/Minute_et_seconde_d%27arc" class="mw-redirect" title="Minute et seconde d'arc">minute d'arc</a> à 12 <abbr class="abbr" title="micromètre">µm</abbr> à 2 minutes d'arc à 100 <abbr class="abbr" title="micromètre">µm</abbr>. </p><p>Comme beaucoup de télescopes spatiaux infrarouges, la durée de vie d'IRAS est limitée par son <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_de_refroidissement" title="Système de refroidissement">système de refroidissement</a> : pour pouvoir observer efficacement à ces longueurs d'onde, le satellite doit être refroidi à des températures très basses. Dans le cas d'IRAS, un réservoir de 720 litres d'<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium_liquide" title="Hélium liquide">hélium superfluide</a> (soit 77 kg) permet de maintenir le satellite à une température de 1,6 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvin</a>. La température est maintenue grâce à l'évaporation progressive de l'hélium. Quand la totalité de l'hélium est épuisée, le satellite devient incapable de se maintenir à une température adéquate d'observation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Résultats"><span id="R.C3.A9sultats"></span>Résultats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrared_Astronomical_Satellite&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Résultats" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrared_Astronomical_Satellite&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Résultats"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IRAS découvre environ 500 000 sources dont de nombreuses ne sont pas encore identifiées. Environ 75 000 d'entre elles sont soupçonnées d'être des <a href="/wiki/Galaxie_%C3%A0_sursauts_de_formation_d%27%C3%A9toiles" title="Galaxie à sursauts de formation d'étoiles">galaxies à sursauts de formation d'étoiles</a>. La plupart des autres sources sont probablement des <a href="/wiki/%C3%89toile" title="Étoile">étoiles</a> entourées de <a href="/wiki/Disque_de_d%C3%A9bris" title="Disque de débris">disques de débris</a>, éventuellement en train d'évoluer en <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_plan%C3%A9taire" title="Système planétaire">système planétaire</a>. Les découvertes d'IRAS incluent entre autres la découverte d'un disque de débris autour de l'étoile <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9ga" title="Véga">Véga</a> et les premières images du <a href="/wiki/Centre_galactique" title="Centre galactique">centre galactique</a>, impossible à observer dans le <a href="/wiki/Spectre_visible" title="Spectre visible">domaine visible</a> du fait de l'<a href="/wiki/Absorption_(optique)" title="Absorption (optique)">absorption</a> considérable du <a href="/wiki/Milieu_interstellaire" title="Milieu interstellaire">milieu interstellaire</a>. </p><p>Cette cartographie, obtenue à partir d'un instrument optimisé pour détecter des sources ponctuelles, est une réussite, donnant une nouvelle vision de l'<a href="/wiki/Univers" title="Univers">Univers</a> dans une fenêtre presque impossible à observer depuis le sol. Ainsi, environ 350 000 sources infrarouges sont cataloguées, la plupart étant nouvelles. Rappelons que, en astronomie, l'infrarouge permet d'observer des sources froides (à quelques dizaines de kelvins), ce qui correspond le plus souvent à de la <a href="/wiki/Poussi%C3%A8re_interstellaire" title="Poussière interstellaire">poussière interstellaire</a>, précurseur ou fin d'étoiles. </p><p>Parmi les observations et les résultats scientifiques d'IRAS, on note les premières observations : </p> <ul><li>d'un disque de débris autour de l'étoile <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9ga" title="Véga">Véga</a>.</li> <li>des nuages (nommés <a href="/wiki/Cirrus_infrarouge" title="Cirrus infrarouge">cirrus</a>) de poussières d'avant-plan (dans <a href="/wiki/Voie_lact%C3%A9e" title="Voie lactée">notre Galaxie</a>), omniprésents.</li> <li>du cœur de notre galaxie, la <a href="/wiki/Voie_lact%C3%A9e" title="Voie lactée">Voie lactée</a>, est obscurcie par la poussière.</li> <li>une émission infrarouge émise par des <a href="/wiki/Galaxie" title="Galaxie">galaxies</a> en interaction.</li></ul> <p>En plus de sa mission première, IRAS découvre également trois <a href="/wiki/Ast%C3%A9ro%C3%AFde" title="Astéroïde">astéroïdes</a>, dont <a href="/wiki/(3200)_Pha%C3%A9ton" title="(3200) Phaéton">3200 Phaéton</a> (un astéroïde <a href="/wiki/Objet_g%C3%A9ocroiseur" title="Objet géocroiseur">géocroiseur</a> responsable de la pluie d'étoiles filantes des <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9minides" title="Géminides">Géminides</a>), ainsi que la <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A8te_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Comète périodique">comète périodique</a> <a href="/wiki/126P/IRAS" title="126P/IRAS">126P/IRAS</a>. </p> <table border="1" cellpadding="5"> <caption><b><a href="/wiki/Ast%C3%A9ro%C3%AFde" title="Astéroïde">Astéroïdes</a> découverts : 3</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/(3200)_Pha%C3%A9ton" title="(3200) Phaéton">(3200) Phaéton</a></td> <td><time class="nowrap" datetime="1983-10-11" data-sort-value="1983-10-11">11 octobre 1983</time> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/(3728)_IRAS" title="(3728) IRAS">(3728) IRAS</a></td> <td><time class="nowrap" datetime="1983-08-23" data-sort-value="1983-08-23">23 août 1983</time> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/(10714)_1983_QG" title="(10714) 1983 QG">(10714) 1983 QG</a></td> <td><time class="nowrap" datetime="1983-08-31" data-sort-value="1983-08-31">31 août 1983</time> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Le succès d'IRAS pousse l'<a href="/wiki/Agence_spatiale_europ%C3%A9enne" title="Agence spatiale européenne">Agence spatiale européenne</a> à décider de son successeur <a href="/wiki/Infrared_Space_Observatory" title="Infrared Space Observatory">ISO</a>, et la <a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration">NASA</a> celui de <a href="/wiki/Spitzer_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Spitzer (télescope spatial)">Sirtf/Spitzer</a>, qui prend de nombreuses années de retard sur le calendrier initial. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrared_Astronomical_Satellite&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrared_Astronomical_Satellite&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:30em;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.numerama.com/sciences/602119-deux-satellites-en-orbite-autour-de-la-terre-pourraient-bientot-entrer-en-collision.html">https://www.numerama.com/sciences/602119-deux-satellites-en-orbite-autour-de-la-terre-pourraient-bientot-entrer-en-collision.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ouest-france.fr/sciences/espace/deux-vieux-satellites-vont-se-froler-au-dessus-des-etats-unis-6712889">https://www.ouest-france.fr/sciences/espace/deux-vieux-satellites-vont-se-froler-au-dessus-des-etats-unis-6712889</a></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrared_Astronomical_Satellite&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrared_Astronomical_Satellite&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Article_connexe">Article connexe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrared_Astronomical_Satellite&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Article connexe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrared_Astronomical_Satellite&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Article connexe"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomie_infrarouge" title="Astronomie infrarouge">Astronomie infrarouge</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrared_Astronomical_Satellite&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrared_Astronomical_Satellite&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/product/iras/">Site IRAS à la NASA</a>.</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/IRASdocs/iras.html">Description d'IRAS par IPAC</a>, laboratoire à CalTech.</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ball.com/aerospace/iras.html">Site IRAS de Ball Aerospace</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_T%C3%A9lescopes_et_observatoires_spatiaux" title="Modèle:Palette Télescopes et observatoires spatiaux"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_T%C3%A9lescopes_et_observatoires_spatiaux&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9lescope_spatial" title="Télescope spatial">Télescopes et observatoires spatiaux</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Astronomie_gamma" title="Astronomie gamma">Rayonnement gamma</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Astronomy_Satellite_2" title="Small Astronomy Satellite 2"><i>SAS 2</i></a> (1972-1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/COS-B" title="COS-B">COS-B</a></i> (1975-1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HEAO-3" title="HEAO-3">HEAO-3</a></i> (1979-1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Granat" title="Granat">Granat</a></i> (1989-1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_(satellite)" title="Gamma (satellite)"><i>Gamma</i></a> (1990-1992)</li> <li><i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Compton_Gamma-Ray_Observatory" title="Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory">Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory</a></span></i> (1991-2000)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LEGRI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LEGRI (page inexistante)"><i>LEGRI</i></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEGRI" class="extiw" title="en:LEGRI"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « LEGRI »">(en)</span></a> (1997-2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Transient_Explorer" title="High Energy Transient Explorer"><i>HETE</i></a> (2000-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gamma-Ray_Astrophysics_Laboratory" title="International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory"><i>INTEGRAL</i></a> (2002-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Swift (télescope spatial)"><i>Swift</i></a> (2004-)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AGILE" title="AGILE">AGILE</a></i> (2007-)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fermi_Gamma-ray_Space_Telescope" title="Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope">Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope</a></i>/<i>GLAST</i> (2008-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS"><i>Gamma-Ray Burst Polarimeter</i></a> (2010-)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Matter_Particle_Explorer" title="Dark Matter Particle Explorer">DAMPE</a></i> (2015-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitomi_(satellite)" title="Hitomi (satellite)"><i>Hitomi</i></a>/<i>ASTRO-H</i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/GECAM" title="GECAM">GECAM</a></i> (2020-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space-based_Multi-band_Variable_astronomical_Objects_Monitor" title="Space-based Multi-band Variable astronomical Objects Monitor"><i>SVOM</i></a> (2024-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Spectrometer_and_Imager" title="Compton Spectrometer and Imager"><i>COSI</i></a> (2027)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Astronomie_en_rayons_X" title="Astronomie en rayons X">Rayonnement X</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uhuru_(satellite)" title="Uhuru (satellite)"><i>Uhuru</i></a> (1970-1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ariel_V" title="Ariel V">Ariel V</a></i> (1974-1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomische_Nederlandse_Satelliet" title="Astronomische Nederlandse Satelliet"><i>ANS</i></a> (1974-1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/COS-B" title="COS-B">COS-B</a></i> (1975-1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Astronomy_Satellite_3" title="Small Astronomy Satellite 3"><i>SAS-C</i></a> (1975-1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakucho" title="Hakucho"><i>CORSA</i></a> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HEAO-1" title="HEAO-1">HEAO-1</a></i> (1977-1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HEAO-2" title="HEAO-2">HEAO-2</a></i>/<i>Einstein</i> (1978-1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hakucho" title="Hakucho">Hakucho</a></i>/<i>CORSA-b</i> (1979-1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HEAO-3" title="HEAO-3">HEAO-3</a></i> (1979-1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTRO-B" title="ASTRO-B"><i>Tenma</i></a>/<i>ASTRO-B</i> (1983-1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astron_(satellite)" title="Astron (satellite)"><i>Astron</i></a> (1983-1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/EXOSAT" title="EXOSAT">EXOSAT</a></i> (1983-1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginga_(satellite)" title="Ginga (satellite)"><i>Ginga</i></a>/<i>ASTRO-C</i> (1987-1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Granat" title="Granat">Granat</a></i> (1989-1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ROSAT" title="ROSAT">ROSAT</a></i> (1990-1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics"><i>ASCA</i></a>/<i>ASTRO-D</i> (1993-2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rossi_X-ray_Timing_Explorer" title="Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer">Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer</a></i> (1995-2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryabhata_(satellite)" title="Aryabhata (satellite)"><i>Aryabhata</i></a> (1975-1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BeppoSAX" title="BeppoSAX">BeppoSAX</a></i> (1996-2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ABRIXAS" title="ABRIXAS">ABRIXAS</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/XMM-Newton" title="XMM-Newton">XMM-Newton</a></i> (1999-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Chandra (télescope spatial)"><i>Chandra</i></a> (1999-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gamma-Ray_Astrophysics_Laboratory" title="International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory"><i>INTEGRAL</i></a> (2002-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Swift (télescope spatial)"><i>Swift</i></a> (2004-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzaku_(satellite)" title="Suzaku (satellite)"><i>Suzaku</i></a>/<i>ASTRO-E</i> (2005-2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)"><i>Hinode</i></a> (2006-)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AGILE" title="AGILE">AGILE</a></i> (2007-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Spectroscopic_Telescope_Array" title="Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array"><i>NuSTAR</i></a> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Astrosat" title="Astrosat">Astrosat</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitomi_(satellite)" title="Hitomi (satellite)"><i>Hitomi</i></a>/<i>ASTRO-H</i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HXMT" title="HXMT">HXMT</a></i> (2017-)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spektr-RG" title="Spektr-RG">Spektr-RG</a></i> (2019-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GECAM" title="GECAM">GECAM</a> (2020-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaging_X-ray_Polarimetry_Explorer" title="Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer">IXPE</a> (2021-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Ray_Imaging_and_Spectroscopy_Mission" title="X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission"><i>XRISM</i></a> (2023-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einstein_Probe" title="Einstein Probe">Einstein Probe</a> (2024-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space-based_Multi-band_Variable_astronomical_Objects_Monitor" title="Space-based Multi-band Variable astronomical Objects Monitor">SVOM</a> (2024-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_X-ray_Timing_and_Polarimetry_mission" title="Enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission"><i>eXTP</i></a> (2029)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATHENA" title="ATHENA">ATHENA</a> (2037)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Astronomie_dans_l%27ultraviolet" title="Astronomie dans l'ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OAO-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OAO-2 (page inexistante)">OAO-2</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory_2" class="extiw" title="en:Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 2"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 2 »">(en)</span></a> (1968-1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory"><i>OAO</i></a> (1972-1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomische_Nederlandse_Satelliet" title="Astronomische Nederlandse Satelliet">ANS</a> (1974-1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="International Ultraviolet Explorer"><i>IUE</i></a> (1978-1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astron_(satellite)" title="Astron (satellite)"><i>Astron</i></a> (1983-1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Hubble (télescope spatial)"><i>Hubble</i></a> (1990-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer"><i>EUVE</i></a> (1992-2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALEXIS_(satellite)" title="ALEXIS (satellite)"><i>ALEXIS</i></a> (1993-2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FUSE_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="FUSE (télescope spatial)"><i>FUSE</i></a> (1999-2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Evolution_Explorer" title="Galaxy Evolution Explorer"><i>GALEX</i></a> (2003-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/STSAT-1" title="STSAT-1"><i>Kaistsat 4</i></a> (2003-)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CHIPSat" title="CHIPSat">CHIPSat</a></i> (2003-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Swift (télescope spatial)"><i>Swift</i></a> (2004-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)"><i>Hinode</i></a> (2006-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph" title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph"><i>IRIS</i></a> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hisaki" title="Hisaki">Hisaki</a></i>/<i>SPRINT-A</i> (2013-)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Astrosat" title="Astrosat">Astrosat</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observatoire_spatial_mondial-Ultraviolet" title="Observatoire spatial mondial-Ultraviolet"><i>WSO-UV</i></a>¹ (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xuntian" title="Xuntian">Xuntian</a></i> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_Worlds_Observatory" title="Habitable Worlds Observatory"><i>HWO</i></a> (vers 2040)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Astronomie_optique" title="Astronomie optique">Lumière visible</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hipparcos" title="Hipparcos">Hipparcos</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Hubble (télescope spatial)"><i>Hubble</i></a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOST_(satellite)" title="MOST (satellite)"><i>MOST</i></a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Swift (télescope spatial)"><i>Swift</i></a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)"><i>Hinode</i></a> (2006-)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CoRoT" title="CoRoT">CoRoT</a></i> (2006-2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Kepler (télescope spatial)"><i>Kepler</i></a> (2009-2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia_(satellite)" title="Gaia (satellite)"><i>Gaia</i></a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite"><b>TESS</b></a> (2018-)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CHEOPS" title="CHEOPS">CHEOPS</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Euclid (télescope spatial)"><i>Euclid</i></a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLATO_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="PLATO (télescope spatial)"><i>PLATO</i></a> (~2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xuntian" title="Xuntian">Xuntian</a></i> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy-Grace-Roman_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Nancy-Grace-Roman (télescope spatial)"><i>Nancy-Grace-Roman</i></a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_Remote-Sensing_Infrared_Exoplanet_Large-survey" title="Atmospheric Remote-Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey"><i>ARIEL</i></a> (2028)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earth_Two" title="Earth Two">Earth Two</a></i> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_Worlds_Observatory" title="Habitable Worlds Observatory"><i>HWO</i></a> (vers 2040)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Astronomie_infrarouge" title="Astronomie infrarouge">Infrarouge</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>IRAS</i></a> (1983-1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_Space_Observatory" title="Infrared Space Observatory"><i>ISO</i></a> (1995-1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flyer_Unit" title="Space Flyer Unit"><i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Infrared Telescope in Space</span></i></a> (1995-1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midcourse_Space_Experiment" title="Midcourse Space Experiment"><i>MSX</i></a> (1996-1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submillimeter_Wave_Astronomy_Satellite" title="Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite"><i>SWAS</i></a> (1998-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_Field_Infrared_Explorer" title="Wide Field Infrared Explorer"><i>WIRE</i></a> (1999-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Spitzer (télescope spatial)"><i>Spitzer</i></a> (2003-2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akari_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Akari (télescope spatial)"><i>Akari</i></a>/<i>ASTRO-F</i> (2006-2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer"><i>WISE</i></a> (2009-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herschel_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Herschel (télescope spatial)"><i>Herschel</i></a> (2009-2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="James Webb (télescope spatial)"><i>JWST</i></a> (2021-)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SPHEREx" title="SPHEREx">SPHEREx</a></i> (2024)</li> <li><i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/NEO_Surveyor" title="NEO Surveyor">NEO Surveyor</a></span></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xuntian" title="Xuntian">Xuntian</a></i> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy-Grace-Roman_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Nancy-Grace-Roman (télescope spatial)"><i>Nancy-Grace-Roman</i></a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_Remote-Sensing_Infrared_Exoplanet_Large-survey" title="Atmospheric Remote-Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey"><i>ARIEL</i></a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomie_millim%C3%A9trique_et_submillim%C3%A9trique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomie millimétrique et submillimétrique (page inexistante)">Ondes millimétriques<br />et submillimétriques</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer"><i>COBE</i></a> (1989-1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odin_(satellite)" title="Odin (satellite)"><i>Odin</i></a> (2001-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe"><i>WMAP</i></a> (1999-2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planck_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Planck (télescope spatial)"><i>Planck</i></a>¹ (2009-2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LiteBIRD" title="LiteBIRD">LiteBIRD</a></i> (2027)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Radioastronomie" title="Radioastronomie">Ondes radio</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Radiot%C3%A9lescope" title="Radiotélescope">radiotélescopes</a>)</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highly_Advanced_Laboratory_for_Communications_and_Astronomy" title="Highly Advanced Laboratory for Communications and Astronomy"><i>HALCA</i></a> (1997-2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RadioAstron" title="RadioAstron"><i>Spektr-R</i></a> (2011-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao#Radio_télescope_NCLE" title="Queqiao"><i>NCLE</i></a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovering_the_Sky_at_the_Longest_Wavelength" title="Discovering the Sky at the Longest Wavelength"><i>DSL</i></a> (~2030)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Autres types</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikha%C3%AFl_Lomonossov_(satellite)" title="Mikhaïl Lomonossov (satellite)"><i>Mikhaïl Lomonossov</i></a> (2016-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_Interferometer_Space_Antenna" title="Laser Interferometer Space Antenna"><i>LISA</i></a>² (2034)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Projets</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:90px;">À l'étude</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_Imager&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fresnel Imager (page inexistante)"><i>Fresnel Imager</i></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_Imager" class="extiw" title="en:Fresnel Imager"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Fresnel Imager »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SPICA" title="SPICA">SPICA</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=THEIA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="THEIA (page inexistante)"><i>THEIA</i></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescope_for_Habitable_Exoplanets_and_Interstellar/Intergalactic_Astronomy" class="extiw" title="en:Telescope for Habitable Exoplanets and Interstellar/Intergalactic Astronomy"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Telescope for Habitable Exoplanets and Interstellar/Intergalactic Astronomy »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/THESEUS" title="THESEUS">THESEUS</a></i></li> <li><i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/New_Worlds" title="New Worlds">New Worlds</a></span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_UV/Optical/Infrared_Surveyor" title="Large UV/Optical/Infrared Surveyor"><i>LUVOIR</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASTOR_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="CASTOR (télescope spatial)"><i>CASTOR</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TianQin" title="TianQin">TianQin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_Exoplanet_Observatory" title="Habitable Exoplanet Observatory"><i>HabEx</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observatoire_rayons_X_Lynx" title="Observatoire rayons X Lynx"><i>Lynx</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_Space_Telescope" title="Origins Space Telescope"><i>OST</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close-by_Habitable_Exoplanet_Survey" title="Close-by Habitable Exoplanet Survey"><i>CHES</i></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:90px;">Abandonnés</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Darwin (télescope spatial)"><i>Darwin</i></a></li> <li><i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_Planet_Finder" title="Terrestrial Planet Finder">Terrestrial Planet Finder</a></span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/XEUS" title="XEUS">XEUS</a></i></li> <li><i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Space_Interferometry_Mission" title="Space Interferometry Mission">Space Interferometry Mission</a></span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_and_Extreme_Magnetism_SMEX" title="Gravity and Extreme Magnetism SMEX"><i>GEMS</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ASTRO-G" title="ASTRO-G">ASTRO-G</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SIMBOL-X" title="SIMBOL-X">SIMBOL-X</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Observatory_For_X-ray_Timing" title="Large Observatory For X-ray Timing"><i>LOFT</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanet_Characterisation_Observatory" title="Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory"><i>EChO</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=XIPE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XIPE (page inexistante)">XIPE</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Infrared_Exoplanet_Spectroscopy_Survey_Explorer" title="Fast Infrared Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey Explorer"><i>FINESSE</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATLAST&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATLAST (page inexistante)"><i>ATLAST</i></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Technology_Large-Aperture_Space_Telescope" class="extiw" title="en:Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope »">(en)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Articles liés</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9lescope_spatial" title="Télescope spatial">Télescope spatial</a></li> <li>Catégories : <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Observatoire_spatial" title="Catégorie:Observatoire spatial">Observatoire spatial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Type_de_t%C3%A9lescopes" title="Catégorie:Type de télescopes">Type de télescopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie">Astronomie</a> : <a href="/wiki/Astronomie_infrarouge" title="Astronomie infrarouge">Infrarouge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomie_en_rayons_X" title="Astronomie en rayons X">Rayons X</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomie_gamma" title="Astronomie gamma">Gamma</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="" colspan="2">La première date est celle du lancement, la deuxième celle de la fin de la mission. ¹ Programme international. ² Projet.</td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint collapsed" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Programme_spatial_am%C3%A9ricain" title="Modèle:Palette Programme spatial américain"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Programme_spatial_am%C3%A9ricain&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Programme_spatial_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Programme spatial des États-Unis">Programme spatial américain</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Lanceurs</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ares_I" title="Ares I"><abbr class="abbr" title="1"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span></abbr></a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares_IV" title="Ares IV"><abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a> (abandonné)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares_V" title="Ares V"><abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a> (abandonné)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Antares (fusée)">Antares</a> (2013-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Athena (fusée)">Athena</a> (1995-2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Atlas (fusée)">Atlas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Atlas (fusée)"><abbr class="abbr" title="1"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span></abbr></a> (1990-1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Atlas (fusée)"><abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a> (1991-2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Atlas (fusée)"><abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a> (2000-2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V"><abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a> (2002-)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conestoga_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Conestoga (fusée)">Conestoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Delta (fusée)">Delta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II"><abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a> (1989-2018) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/10px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/15px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/20px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_III" title="Delta III"><abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a> (1998-2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_IV" title="Delta IV"><abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a> (2002-2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_IV_Heavy" title="Delta IV Heavy"><abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr> <span class="lang-en" lang="en">Heavy</span></a> (2004-2024)</li></ul></li> <li>Falcon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_1" title="Falcon 1">Falcon 1</a> (2006-2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">9</a> (2010-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Heavy</span></a> (2018-)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace" title="Firefly Aerospace">Firefly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Alpha" title="Firefly Alpha">Alpha</a> (2021-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace" title="Firefly Aerospace">MLV</a> (2025-)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_I" title="Juno I">Juno <abbr class="abbr" title="1"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span></abbr></a> (1958-1959) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juno_I" title="Juno I"><abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a> (1958-1961)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LauncherOne" title="LauncherOne">LauncherOne</a> (2020-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Minotaur (fusée)"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Minotaur</span></a> (1994-) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur-C" title="Minotaur-C">Minotaur-C</a> (1994-2017)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Glenn" title="New Glenn">New Glenn</a> (2024-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Pegasus (fusée)">Pegasus</a> (1990-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Rocket (fusée)">Rocket 3</a> (2018-2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab" title="Rocket Lab">Rocket Lab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electron_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Electron (fusée)">Electron</a> (2018-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Neutron (fusée)">Neutron</a> (2024-)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS1_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="RS1 (fusée)">RS1</a> (2023-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Saturn (fusée)"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Saturn</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_I" title="Saturn I"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Saturn</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="1"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span></abbr></a> (1961-1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_IB" title="Saturn IB"><abbr class="abbr" title="1"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span></abbr>B</a> (1966-1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V"><abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a> (1967-1973) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/10px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/15px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/20px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_INT-21" title="Saturn INT-21">INT-21</a> (1973)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Scout (fusée)">Scout</a> (1965-1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">SLS</a> (2022-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starship_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Starship (fusée)">Starship</a> (2023-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativity_Space" title="Relativity Space">Terran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terran_1" title="Terran 1">Terran 1</a> (2023-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terran_R" title="Terran R">Terran R</a> (2024-)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Thor (fusée)">Thor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Agena" title="Thor-Agena">Agena</a> (1959-1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Burner" title="Thor-Burner">Burner</a> (1965-1976)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Titan (fusée)">Titan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGM-25C_Titan_II" title="LGM-25C Titan II"><abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a> (1964-1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Titan (fusée)"><abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a> (1964-1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Titan (fusée)"><abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr>B</a> (1966-1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Titan (fusée)">34D</a> (1982-1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IV" title="Titan IV"><abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a> (1989-2005)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Vanguard" title="Programme Vanguard">Vanguard</a> (1957-1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Vulcan (fusée)">Vulcan</a> (2024-)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Programme spatial habité</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Programmes</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Mercury" title="Programme Mercury"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Mercury</span></a> (1961–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Gemini" title="Programme Gemini">Gemini</a> (1965–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Apollo" title="Programme Apollo">Apollo</a> (1967–1972) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/10px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/15px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/20px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a> (1973–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo-Soyouz" title="Apollo-Soyouz">Apollo-Soyouz</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navette_spatiale_am%C3%A9ricaine" title="Navette spatiale américaine">Navette spatiale</a> (1981–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Shuttle-Mir" title="Programme Shuttle-Mir">Shuttle-Mir</a> (1994–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_spatiale_internationale" title="Station spatiale internationale">Station spatiale internationale</a> (depuis 1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Constellation" title="Programme Constellation">Constellation</a> (abandonné)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Artemis" title="Programme Artemis">Artemis</a> (en cours)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Engins spatiaux</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(vaisseau_spatial)" title="Mercury (vaisseau spatial)"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Mercury</span></a> (1961-1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(vaisseau_spatial)" title="Gemini (vaisseau spatial)">Gemini</a> (1964-1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_(vaisseau_spatial)" title="Apollo (vaisseau spatial)">Apollo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Module_de_commande_et_de_service_Apollo" title="Module de commande et de service Apollo">module de commande et de service</a> (1966-1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Module_lunaire_Apollo" title="Module lunaire Apollo">module lunaire</a> (1968-1972) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/10px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/15px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/20px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_(v%C3%A9hicule_spatial)" title="Cygnus (véhicule spatial)">Cygnus</a> (2013-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon" title="SpaceX Dragon">Dragon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon" title="SpaceX Dragon"><sup>1</sup></a> (2010-2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon" title="Crew Dragon"><sup>2</sup></a> (2020-)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(v%C3%A9hicule_spatial)" title="Orion (véhicule spatial)">Orion</a> (2014-)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Boeing_CST-100_Starliner" title="Boeing CST-100 Starliner">Boeing CST-100 Starliner</a></span> (2019-)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Dream_Chaser" title="Dream Chaser">Dream Chaser</a></span> (2023-)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Starship_HLS" title="Starship HLS">Starship HLS</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></span></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Missions</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Programme_Mercury" title="Catégorie:Programme Mercury">Missions <span class="lang-en" lang="en">Mercury</span></a> (1958-1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Programme_Gemini" title="Catégorie:Programme Gemini">Missions Gemini</a> (1964-1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Mission_Apollo" title="Catégorie:Mission Apollo">Missions Apollo</a> (1961-1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Programme_Skylab" title="Catégorie:Programme Skylab">Missions Skylab</a> (1973-1979)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cat%C3%A9gorie:Missions_des_navettes_spatiales_am%C3%A9ricaines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catégorie:Missions des navettes spatiales américaines (page inexistante)">Missions de la navette spatiale américaine</a> (1981-2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Exp%C3%A9dition_ISS" title="Catégorie:Expédition ISS">Expéditions de la Station spatiale internationale</a> (1998-)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Satellites scientifiques</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Exploration du<br />système solaire</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Pioneer" title="Programme Pioneer"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Pioneer</span></a> (1958–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Ranger" title="Programme Ranger"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Ranger</span></a> (1961–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Mariner" title="Programme Mariner"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Mariner</span></a> (1962–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Lunar_Orbiter" title="Programme Lunar Orbiter"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Lunar Orbiter</span></a> (1966–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Surveyor" title="Programme Surveyor">Surveyor</a> (1966–1968) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/10px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/15px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/20px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a></span> / <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">11</a> (1972–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Viking" title="Programme Viking">Viking</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Voyager" title="Programme Voyager"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Voyager</span></a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISEE_3" title="ISEE 3">ICE</a> (1978)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Venus_Orbiter" title="Pioneer Venus Orbiter">Pioneer Venus Orbiter</a></span> (1978)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Venus_Multiprobe" title="Pioneer Venus Multiprobe">Pioneer Venus Multiprobe</a></span> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Galileo (sonde spatiale)">Galileo</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magellan_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Magellan (sonde spatiale)">Magellan</a> (1989)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Observer" title="Mars Observer">Mars Observer</a></span> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine" title="Clementine">Clementine</a> (1994)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a></span> (1996)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor" title="Mars Global Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a></span> (1996) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/10px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/15px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/20px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Pathfinder" title="Mars Pathfinder">Mars Pathfinder</a></span> (1996)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Prospector" title="Lunar Prospector">Lunar Prospector</a></span> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassini-Huygens" title="Cassini-Huygens">Cassini-Huygens</a> (1997) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/10px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/15px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/20px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter" title="Mars Climate Orbiter">Mars Climate Orbiter</a></span> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_1" title="Deep Space 1"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Deep Space</span></a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardust_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Stardust (sonde spatiale)"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Stardust</span></a> (1999) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/10px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/15px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/20px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Polar_Lander" title="Mars Polar Lander">Mars Polar Lander</a></span> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Genesis (sonde spatiale)">Genesis</a> (2001) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/10px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/15px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/20px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></span> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CONTOUR" title="CONTOUR">CONTOUR</a> (2002)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></span> (Spirit) (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Deep Impact (sonde spatiale)"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Deep Impact</span></a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a> (2004)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></span> (2005)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></span> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Phoenix (sonde spatiale)">Phoenix</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Dawn (sonde spatiale)"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Dawn</span></a> (2007) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/10px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/15px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/20px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></span> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Crater_Observation_and_Sensing_Satellite" title="Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite">LCROSS</a> (2009)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a></span> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Juno (sonde spatiale)">Juno</a> (2011) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/10px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/15px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/20px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_Recovery_and_Interior_Laboratory" title="Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory">GRAIL</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Atmosphere_and_Dust_Environment_Explorer" title="Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer">LADEE</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020_(mission_spatiale)" title="Mars 2020 (mission spatiale)">Mars 2020</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mars_2020_(mission_spatiale)" title="Mars 2020 (mission spatiale)">Perseverance</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(h%C3%A9licopt%C3%A8re)" title="Ingenuity (hélicoptère)">Ingenuity</a>) (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Lucy (sonde spatiale)">Lucy</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psych%C3%A9_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Psyché (sonde spatiale)">Psyché</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIPER_(astromobile)" title="VIPER (astromobile)">VIPER</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Sample_Return" title="Mars Sample Return">Mars Sample Return</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Dragonfly (sonde spatiale)">Dragonfly</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VERITAS_(sonde_spatiale)" title="VERITAS (sonde spatiale)">VERITAS</a> (~2031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAVINCI%2B" title="DAVINCI+">DAVINCI+</a> (~2031)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Science et technologie</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Explorer" title="Programme Explorer">Programme Explorer</a> (depuis 1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAGEOS" title="LAGEOS">LAGEOS</a> (1976–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRRES" title="CRRES">CRRES</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Technology_5" title="Space Technology 5">ST5</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_History_of_Events_and_Macroscale_Interactions_during_Substorms" title="Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms">THEMIS</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_Boundary_Explorer" title="Interstellar Boundary Explorer">IBEX</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Astronomie</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory">OAO</a> (1966–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhuru_(satellite)" title="Uhuru (satellite)">Uhuru</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Astronomy_Satellite_2" title="Small Astronomy Satellite 2">SAS-2</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copernicus_(satellite)" title="Copernicus (satellite)">Copernicus</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_V" title="Ariel V">Ariel <abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEAO-1" title="HEAO-1">HEAO-1</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="International Ultraviolet Explorer">IUE</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_VI" title="Ariel VI">Ariel <abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></a> (1979)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IRAS</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Hubble (télescope spatial)">Hubble</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Gamma-Ray_Observatory" title="Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory">GCRO</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer">EUVE</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALEXIS_(satellite)" title="ALEXIS (satellite)">ALEXIS</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossi_X-ray_Timing_Explorer" title="Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer">RXTE</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeppoSAX" title="BeppoSAX">BeppoSAX</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Chandra (télescope spatial)">Chandra</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FUSE_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="FUSE (télescope spatial)">FUSE</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_Field_Infrared_Explorer" title="Wide Field Infrared Explorer">WIRE</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Spitzer (télescope spatial)">Spitzer</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Evolution_Explorer" title="Galaxy Evolution Explorer">GALEX</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Swift (télescope spatial)">Swift</a> (2004) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/10px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/15px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/20px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermi_Gamma-ray_Space_Telescope" title="Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope">GLAST</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Kepler (télescope spatial)">Kepler</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer">WISE</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Spectroscopic_Telescope_Array" title="Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array">NuSTAR</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph" title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph">IRIS</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="James Webb (télescope spatial)">James-Webb</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaging_X-ray_Polarimetry_Explorer" title="Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer">IXPE</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Euclid (télescope spatial)">Euclid</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPHEREx" title="SPHEREx">SPHEREx</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEO_Surveyor" title="NEO Surveyor">NEO Surveyor</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Spectrometer_and_Imager" title="Compton Spectrometer and Imager">COSI</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy-Grace-Roman_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Nancy-Grace-Roman (télescope spatial)">télescope Roman</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="Ultraviolet Explorer">Ultraviolet Explorer</a> (2030)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_Worlds_Observatory" title="Habitable Worlds Observatory">HWO</a> (vers 2040)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Étude du Soleil</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">OSO</a> (1962–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Pioneer" title="Programme Pioneer"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Pioneer</span> 6, 7, 8 et 9</a> (1965–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_ISEE" title="Programme ISEE">ICE</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Maximum_Mission" title="Solar Maximum Mission">SolarMax</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Ulysses (sonde spatiale)">Ulysses</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(satellite)" title="Wind (satellite)">GGS WIND</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observatoire_solaire_et_h%C3%A9liosph%C3%A9rique" title="Observatoire solaire et héliosphérique">SoHO</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRACE" title="TRACE">TRACE</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuven_Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" title="Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">RHESSI</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> (2006)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Observatoire_de_la_dynamique_solaire" title="Observatoire de la dynamique solaire">SDO</a></span> (2010)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Parker_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Parker (sonde spatiale)">Parker</a></span> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarimeter_to_Unify_the_Corona_and_Heliosphere" title="Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere">PUNCH</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_Mapping_and_Acceleration_Probe" title="Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe">IMAP</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Cosmologie et physique<br />fondamentale</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">COBE</a> (1989)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Gravity_Probe_B" title="Gravity Probe B">Gravity Probe B</a></span> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a> (2001)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Observation de la Terre</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Vanguard" title="Programme Vanguard">Vanguard</a> (1957–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Geophysical_Observatory" title="Orbiting Geophysical Observatory">OGO</a> (1964–1969)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Programme_ISEE" title="Programme ISEE">ISEE</a></span> (1977–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasat" title="Seasat">Seasat</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Atmosphere_Research_Satellite" title="Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite">UARS</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOPEX/Poseidon" title="TOPEX/Poseidon">TOPEX/Poseidon</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEOTAIL" title="GEOTAIL">GEOTAIL</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(satellite)" title="Wind (satellite)">WIND</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_(satellite)" title="Polar (satellite)">POLAR</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Rainfall_Measuring_Mission" title="Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission">TRMM</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_(satellite)" title="Terra (satellite)">Terra</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_Cavity_Radiometer_Irradiance_Monitor_Satellite" title="Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor Satellite">ACRIMSAT</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuikSCAT" title="QuikSCAT">QuikSCAT</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIMED" title="TIMED">TIMED</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-train_(satellite)" title="A-train (satellite)">A-train</a> (2002–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_(satellite)" title="Aqua (satellite)">Aqua</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOlar_Radiation_and_Climate_Experiment" title="SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment">SORCE</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICESat" title="ICESat">ICESat</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aura_(satellite)" title="Aura (satellite)">Aura</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(satellite)" title="Jason (satellite)">Jason</a> (2001–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_Recovery_and_Climate_Experiment" title="Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment">GRACE</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CloudSat" title="CloudSat">CloudSat</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CALIPSO" title="CALIPSO">CALIPSO</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeronomy_of_Ice_in_the_Mesosphere" title="Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere">AIM</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glory_(satellite)" title="Glory (satellite)">GLORY</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAC-D" title="SAC-D">SAC-D</a> (2011)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Van_Allen_Probes" title="Van Allen Probes">Van Allen Probes</a></span> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Precipitation_Measurement_Core_Observatory" title="Global Precipitation Measurement Core Observatory">GPM</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMAP_(satellite)" title="SMAP (satellite)">SMAP</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetospheric_Multiscale_Mission" title="Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission">MMS</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_Recovery_and_Climate_Experiment" title="Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment">GRACE-FO</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionospheric_Connection_Explorer" title="Ionospheric Connection Explorer">ICON</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Water_Ocean_Topography" title="Surface Water Ocean Topography">SWOT</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PACE_(satellite)" title="PACE (satellite)">PACE</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA-ISRO_Synthetic_Aperture_Radar" title="NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar">NISAR</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandem_Reconnection_and_Cusp_Electrodynamics_Reconnaissance_Satellites" title="Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites">TRACERS</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geospace_Dynamics_Constellation" title="Geospace Dynamics Constellation">GDC</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GRACE-C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GRACE-C (page inexistante)">GRACE-C</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAGIC_(satellite)" title="MAGIC (satellite)">MAGIC</a></li> <li>voir aussi <a href="/wiki/Classe_Earth_Venture" title="Classe Earth Venture">Classe Earth Venture</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Expériences scientifiques</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SPHERES" title="SPHERES">SPHERES</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectrom%C3%A8tre_magn%C3%A9tique_Alpha" title="Spectromètre magnétique Alpha">Spectromètre magnétique Alpha</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Ray_Energetics_and_Mass" title="Cosmic Ray Energetics and Mass">CREAM</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_Star_Interior_Composition_Explorer" title="Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer">NICER</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global-scale_Observations_of_the_Limb_and_Disk" title="Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk">GOLD</a> (2018)</li> <li>voir aussi <a href="/wiki/Classe_Earth_Venture" title="Classe Earth Venture">Classe Earth Venture</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Satellites d'application</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Télécommunications</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(satellite)" title="Echo (satellite)">Echo</a> (1960–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courier_1B" title="Courier 1B">Courier 1B</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telstar_1" title="Telstar 1">Telstar 1</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relay_(satellite)" title="Relay (satellite)"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Relay</span></a> (1962–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncom" title="Syncom">Syncom</a> (1963–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_I" title="Intelsat I">Intelsat <abbr class="abbr" title="1"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span></abbr></a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westar" title="Westar">Westar 1</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marisat" title="Marisat">Marisat</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comstar" title="Comstar">Comstar</a> (1976–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satcom_(satellite)" title="Satcom (satellite)">Satcom</a> (1975–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracking_and_Data_Relay_Satellite" title="Tracking and Data Relay Satellite">TDRS</a> (1983–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridium_(t%C3%A9l%C3%A9phonie_par_satellite)" title="Iridium (téléphonie par satellite)">Iridium</a> (depuis 1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbcomm" title="Orbcomm">Orbcomm</a> (depuis 1995)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Globalstar" title="Globalstar">Globalstar</a></span> (depuis 1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneWeb" title="OneWeb">OneWeb</a> (depuis 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeoSat" title="LeoSat">LeoSat</a> (depuis 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink</a> (depuis 2019)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Météorologie</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_Infrared_Observation_Satellite" title="Television Infrared Observation Satellite">TIROS</a> (depuis 1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESSA-1" title="ESSA-1">ESSA-1</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronous_Meteorological_Satellite" title="Synchronous Meteorological Satellite">SMS</a> (1974–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geostationary_Operational_Environmental_Satellite" title="Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite">GOES</a> (depuis 1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeoXO" title="GeoXO">GeoXO</a> (2032)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Nimbus" title="Programme Nimbus">Nimbus</a> (1964–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOAA_POES" title="NOAA POES">NOAA POES</a> (1998–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suomi_NPP" title="Suomi NPP">Suomi NPP</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Global_Navigation_Satellite_System" title="Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System">CYGNSS</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Polar_Satellite_System" title="Joint Polar Satellite System">JPSS</a> (depuis 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Weather_Follow_On-Lagrange_1" title="Space Weather Follow On-Lagrange 1">Space Weather Follow On-Lagrange 1</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Observation de la Terre</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Landsat" title="Programme Landsat">Landsat</a> (depuis 1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DigitalGlobe" title="DigitalGlobe">DigitalGlobe</a> (depuis 1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Carbon_Observatory" title="Orbiting Carbon Observatory">OCO</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geostationary_Carbon_Cycle_Observatory" title="Geostationary Carbon Cycle Observatory">GeoCARB</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precipitation_Measuring_Mission" title="Precipitation Measuring Mission">Precipitation Measuring Mission</a> (2030) avec Japon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOS-Sky" title="AOS-Sky">AOS-Sky</a> (2031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copernicus_polaR_Ice_and_Snow_Topography_ALtimeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Copernicus polaR Ice and Snow Topography ALtimeter">CRISTAL</a> (2027) avec ESA</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsat_Next&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landsat Next (page inexistante)">Landsat Next</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Technologie</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SERT-1" title="SERT-1">SERT-1</a> (1964–1970)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Applications_Technology_Satellite" title="Applications Technology Satellite">Applications Technology Satellite</a></span> (1966–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Observing-1" title="Earth Observing-1">EO-1</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_Communications_Relay_Demonstration" title="Laser Communications Relay Demonstration">LCRD</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Asteroid_Redirection_Test" title="Double Asteroid Redirection Test">DART</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restore-L" title="Restore-L">Restore-L</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Satellites militaires</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Reconnaissance</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corona_(satellite)" title="Corona (satellite)">Corona</a> (KH-1 à KH-4) (1959–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos_(satellite)" title="Samos (satellite)">Samos</a> (1960–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vela_(satellite)" title="Vela (satellite)">Vela</a> (1963–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Experimental_Satellite" title="Lincoln Experimental Satellite">LES</a> (1965–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_Hole" title="Key Hole">Key Hole</a> (KH-5 à KH-11) (1966–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KH-7" title="KH-7">KH-7</a> et <a href="/wiki/KH-8" title="KH-8">KH-8 Gambit</a> (1963–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KH-9" title="KH-9">KH-9 <span class="lang-en" lang="en">Hexagon</span></a> (1971–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Ocean_Surveillance_System" title="Naval Ocean Surveillance System">NOSS</a> (depuis 1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KH-11" title="KH-11">KH-11 Kennen/Crystal</a> (depuis 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse_(satellite)" title="Lacrosse (satellite)">Lacrosse</a> (1988–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Imagery_Architecture" title="Future Imagery Architecture">FIA Radar Topaz</a> (depuis 2010)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Écoute électronique</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_Radiation_and_Background" title="Galactic Radiation and Background">GRAB</a> (1960–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos-F" title="Samos-F">Samos-F</a> (1962–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_(satellite)" title="Poppy (satellite)">Poppy</a> (1962–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon_(satellite)" title="Canyon (satellite)">Canyon</a> (1968–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquacade_(satellite)" title="Aquacade (satellite)">Aquacade</a> (1970–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumpseat_(satellite)" title="Jumpseat (satellite)"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Jumpseat</span></a> (1971–1983)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Naval_Ocean_Surveillance_System" title="Naval Ocean Surveillance System">Naval Ocean Surveillance System</a></span> (depuis 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalet_(satellite)" title="Chalet (satellite)">Chalet</a> (1978–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnum_(satellite)" title="Magnum (satellite)">Magnum</a>/Orion (1985–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(satellite)" title="Mercury (satellite)"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Mercury</span></a> (1994–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentor_(satellite)" title="Mentor (satellite)">Mentor</a>/<span class="lang-en" lang="en">Advanced Orion</span> (depuis 1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpet_(satellite)" title="Trumpet (satellite)">Trumpet</a> (depuis 1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis_(satellite)" title="Nemesis (satellite)">Nemesis</a> (2009–2014)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SHARP_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SHARP (satellite) (page inexistante)">SHARP</a> (depuis 2014)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Alerte précoce</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Missile_Defense_Alarm_System" title="Missile Defense Alarm System">MIDAS</a> (1960–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Support_Program" title="Defense Support Program">DSP</a> (1970–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space-Based_Infrared_System" title="Space-Based Infrared System">SBIRS</a> (depuis 2011) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space-Based_Infrared_System" title="Space-Based Infrared System">SBIRS-GEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Tracking_and_Surveillance_System" title="Space Tracking and Surveillance System">STSS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SBIRS_HEO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SBIRS HEO (page inexistante)">SBIRS HEO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SBIRS-LADS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SBIRS-LADS (page inexistante)">SBIRS-LADS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_Field_of_View" title="Wide Field of View">WFOV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next-Generation_Overhead_Persistent_InfraRed" title="Next-Generation Overhead Persistent InfraRed">NG-OPIR</a> (2023-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracking_Layer" title="Tracking Layer">Tracking Layer</a> (2023-)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Navigation</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transit_(syst%C3%A8me_de_positionnement_par_satellites)" title="Transit (système de positionnement par satellites)">Transit</a> (1960–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SECOR" title="SECOR">SECOR</a> (1962–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">Navstar (GPS)</a> (depuis 1978)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Télécommunications</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Satellite_Communications_System" title="Defense Satellite Communications System">DSCS</a> (1970–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Data_System" title="Satellite Data System">SDS</a> (depuis 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Satellite_Communications_System" title="Fleet Satellite Communications System">FLTSATCOM</a> (1978–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncom" title="Syncom">Leasat</a> (1984–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UHF_Follow-On_System" title="UHF Follow-On System">UFO</a> (depuis 1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milstar" title="Milstar">Milstar</a> (1994–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wideband_Global_SATCOM" title="Wideband Global SATCOM">WGS</a> (depuis 2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Extremely_High_Frequency" title="Advanced Extremely High Frequency">AEHF</a> (depuis 2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_User_Objective_System" title="Mobile User Objective System">MUOS</a> (depuis 2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_Broadcast_Augmenting_SATCOM" title="Continuous Broadcast Augmenting SATCOM">CBAS</a> (depuis 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolved_Strategic_Satellite" title="Evolved Strategic Satellite">ESS</a> (depuis 2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer" title="Transport Layer">Transport Layer</a> (2024-)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Météorologie</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Meteorological_Satellite_Program" title="Defense Meteorological Satellite Program">DMSP</a> (1962–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_System_Follow-on_Microwave" title="Weather System Follow-on Microwave">WSF-M</a> (2024-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro-Optical_Infrared_Weather_System" title="Electro-Optical Infrared Weather System">EWS</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Technologie</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MiTex" title="MiTex">MiTex</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TacSat" title="TacSat">TacSat</a> (depuis 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-37" title="Boeing X-37">X-37</a> (depuis 2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESPA_Augmented_Geostationary_Laboratory_Experiment" title="ESPA Augmented Geostationary Laboratory Experiment">EAGLE</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Surveillance de l'espace</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Based_Space_Surveillance" title="Space Based Space Surveillance">SBSS 1</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORS-5" title="ORS-5">ORS-5</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odyssey_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odyssey (satellite) (page inexistante)">Odyssey</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_Space_Situational_Awareness_Program" title="Geosynchronous Space Situational Awareness Program">GSSAP</a> (2014-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silentbarker" title="Silentbarker">Silentbarker</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Bases de lancement</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_spatial_Kennedy" title="Centre spatial Kennedy">Centre spatial Kennedy</a> (1962-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Base_de_lancement_de_Cap_Canaveral" title="Base de lancement de Cap Canaveral">Cap Canaveral</a> (1949-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base" title="Vandenberg Space Force Base">Vandenberg</a> (1941-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallops_Flight_Facility" title="Wallops Flight Facility"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Wallops Island</span></a> (1945-)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Spaceport_Complex_%E2%80%93_Alaska" title="Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska">Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska</a></span> (1998-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_Regional_Spaceport" title="Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport">Mars</a> (1995-)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Spaceport_America" title="Spaceport America">Spaceport America</a></span> (2006-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Site_d%27essai_balistique_Ronald-Reagan" title="Site d'essai balistique Ronald-Reagan">Site d'essai balistique Ronald-Reagan</a> (1945-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starbase" title="SpaceX Starbase">Starbase</a> (2023-)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Établissements</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration">NASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_spatial_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Centre spatial Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_de_recherche_Langley" title="Centre de recherche Langley">Langley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_de_vol_spatial_Marshall" title="Centre de vol spatial Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Neil_A._Armstrong_Flight_Research_Center" title="Neil A. Armstrong Flight Research Center">Neil A. Armstrong Flight Research Center</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">JPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ames_Research_Center" title="Ames Research Center">Ames</a></li> <li>su <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Research_Center" title="Glenn Research Center">Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddard_Space_Flight_Center" title="Goddard Space Flight Center">Goddard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stennis_Space_Center" title="Stennis Space Center">John C. Stennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_d%27assemblage_de_Michoud" title="Centre d'assemblage de Michoud">Michoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sands_Test_Facility" title="White Sands Test Facility">White Sands Test Facility</a></li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Network" title="Deep Space Network">Deep Space Network</a></span></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Programmes</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">En cours</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Artemis" title="Programme Artemis">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Development" title="Commercial Crew Development">CCDeV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Orbital_Transportation_Services" title="Commercial Orbital Transportation Services">COTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Discovery" title="Programme Discovery"><i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Discovery</span></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Observing_System" title="Earth Observing System"><i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Earth Observing System</span></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Earth_Science" title="NASA Earth Science">NASA Earth Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Explorer" title="Programme Explorer"><i>Explorer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_large_strategic_science_missions" title="NASA large strategic science missions"><i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Flagship</span></i></a></li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Living_With_a_Star" title="Living With a Star">Living With a Star</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Lunar_Precursor_Robotic" title="Programme Lunar Precursor Robotic"><i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Lunar Precursor Robotic</span></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_New_Frontiers" title="Programme New Frontiers"><i>New Frontiers</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Space_Technologies_for_Exploration_Partnerships" title="Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships">NextSTEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Solar_Power_Exploratory_Research_and_Technology_program" title="Space Solar Power Exploratory Research and Technology program">SERT</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Passés</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Apollo" title="Programme Apollo">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Constellation" title="Programme Constellation"><i>Constellation</i></a> (abandonné)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_des_Grands_Observatoires" title="Programme des Grands Observatoires">Grands observatoires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Grand_Tour" title="Programme Grand Tour">Grand Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Mars_Scout" title="Programme Mars Scout"><i>Mars Scout</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Mars_Surveyor" title="Programme Mars Surveyor">Mars Surveyor</a> (1996–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_New_Millennium" title="Programme New Millennium">New Millennium</a> (1998–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Planetary_Observer" title="Programme Planetary Observer"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Planetary Observer</span></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Articles liés</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">NACA</a> (1915–1958)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Act" title="National Aeronautics and Space Act">National Aeronautics and Space Act</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">X-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-33" title="Lockheed Martin X-33">X-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement_de_la_D%C3%A9fense_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Département de la Défense des États-Unis">Département de la Défense des États-Unis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insigne_de_mission_spatiale" title="Insigne de mission spatiale">Insigne de mission spatiale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reconnaissance_Office" title="National Reconnaissance Office">NRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency" title="National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency">NGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operationally_Responsive_Space_Office" title="Operationally Responsive Space Office">Operationally Responsive Space Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quindar_tones" title="Quindar tones">Quindar tones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_spatiale_analogique_Scott_Carpenter" title="Station spatiale analogique Scott Carpenter">Station spatiale analogique Scott Carpenter</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="" colspan="2">La première date est celle du lancement du lancement (du premier lancement s'il y a plusieurs exemplaires). Lorsqu'elle existe la deuxième date indique la date de lancement du dernier exemplaire. Si d'autres exemplaires doivent lancés la deuxième date est remplacée par un -. Pour les engins spatiaux autres que les lanceurs les dates de fin de mission ne sont jamais fournies.</td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Astronomie" title="Portail de l’astronomie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg/25px-Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg/37px-Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg/50px-Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="730" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Astronomie" title="Portail:Astronomie">Portail de l’astronomie</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Plan%C3%A8tes_mineures_et_com%C3%A8tes" title="Portail des planètes mineures et comètes"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Emoji_u2604.svg/24px-Emoji_u2604.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Emoji_u2604.svg/36px-Emoji_u2604.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Emoji_u2604.svg/48px-Emoji_u2604.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Plan%C3%A8tes_mineures_et_com%C3%A8tes" title="Portail:Planètes mineures et comètes">Portail des planètes mineures et comètes</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Astronautique" title="Portail de l’astronautique"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg/24px-Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg/36px-Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg/48px-Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Astronautique" title="Portail:Astronautique">Portail de l’astronautique</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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