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id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-崛起" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#崛起"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>崛起</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-崛起-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-鼎盛" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#鼎盛"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>鼎盛</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-鼎盛-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-衰亡" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#衰亡"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>衰亡</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-衰亡-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-帝国君主" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#帝国君主"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>帝国君主</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-帝国君主-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>其他</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">保加利亚第一帝国</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。65种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_Imperio_Bulgaro" title="Primer Imperio Bulgaro – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Primer Imperio Bulgaro" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89" title="الإمبراطورية البلغارية الأولى – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإمبراطورية البلغارية الأولى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_Imperiu_b%C3%BAlgaru" title="Primer Imperiu búlgaru – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Primer Imperiu búlgaru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birinci_Bulqar_d%C3%B6vl%C9%99ti" title="Birinci Bulqar dövləti – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Birinci Bulqar dövləti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88" title="بیرینجی بولقار ایمپراتورلوغو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیرینجی بولقار ایمپراتورلوغو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Беренсе Болгар батшалығы – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Беренсе Болгар батшалығы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Першае Балгарскае царства – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Першае Балгарскае царства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Першае Баўгарскае царства – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Першае Баўгарскае царства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Първа българска държава – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Първа българска държава" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvo_Bugarsko_Carstvo" title="Prvo Bugarsko Carstvo – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Prvo Bugarsko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_Imperi_B%C3%BAlgar" title="Primer Imperi Búlgar – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Primer Imperi Búlgar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvn%C3%AD_bulharsk%C3%A1_%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1e" title="První bulharská říše – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="První bulharská říše" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%86%D1%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Прьво Блъгарьско цѣсарьство – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Прьво Блъгарьско цѣсарьство" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B8rste_bulgarske_rige" title="Første bulgarske rige – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Første bulgarske rige" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%B7_%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Πρώτη Βουλγαρική Αυτοκρατορία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρώτη Βουλγαρική Αυτοκρατορία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="First Bulgarian Empire" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_Imperio_b%C3%BAlgaro" title="Primer Imperio búlgaro – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Primer Imperio búlgaro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esimene_Bulgaaria_tsaaririik" title="Esimene Bulgaaria tsaaririik – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Esimene Bulgaaria tsaaririik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgariako_Lehen_Inperioa" title="Bulgariako Lehen Inperioa – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bulgariako Lehen Inperioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="امپراتوری نخست بلغارستان – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امپراتوری نخست بلغارستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensimm%C3%A4inen_Bulgarian_valtakunta" title="Ensimmäinen Bulgarian valtakunta – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ensimmäinen Bulgarian valtakunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_Empire_bulgare" title="Premier Empire bulgare – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Premier Empire bulgare" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9ad_Impireacht_na_Bulg%C3%A1ire" title="Céad Impireacht na Bulgáire – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Céad Impireacht na Bulgáire" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94" title="האימפריה הבולגרית הראשונה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האימפריה הבולגרית הראשונה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvo_Bugarsko_Carstvo" title="Prvo Bugarsko Carstvo – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prvo Bugarsko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Els%C5%91_dunai_bolg%C3%A1r_birodalom" title="Első dunai bolgár birodalom – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Első dunai bolgár birodalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բուլղարական առաջին կայսրություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բուլղարական առաջին կայսրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekaisaran_Bulgaria_Pertama" title="Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unesma_Bulgara_imperio" title="Unesma Bulgara imperio – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Unesma Bulgara imperio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primo_Impero_bulgaro" title="Primo Impero bulgaro – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Primo Impero bulgaro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="第一次ブルガリア帝国 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第一次ブルガリア帝国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბულგარეთის პირველი იმპერია – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბულგარეთის პირველი იმპერია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EA%B0%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EC%A0%9C1%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="불가리아 제1제국 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="불가리아 제1제국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primum_imperium_Bulgaricum" title="Primum imperium Bulgaricum – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Primum imperium Bulgaricum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impero_Balgarsce_Prima" title="Impero Balgarsce Prima – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Impero Balgarsce Prima" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirmoji_Bulgarijos_imperija" title="Pirmoji Bulgarijos imperija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pirmoji Bulgarijos imperija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirm%C4%81_Bulg%C4%81rijas_cariste" title="Pirmā Bulgārijas cariste – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pirmā Bulgārijas cariste" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Прво Бугарско Царство – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Прво Бугарско Царство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empayar_Bulgaria_Pertama" title="Empayar Bulgaria Pertama – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Empayar Bulgaria Pertama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerste_Bulgaarse_Rijk" title="Eerste Bulgaarse Rijk – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Eerste Bulgaarse Rijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_f%C3%B8rste_bulgarske_riket" title="Det første bulgarske riket – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det første bulgarske riket" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_f%C3%B8rste_bulgarske_riket" title="Det første bulgarske riket – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det første bulgarske riket" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D0%A4%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Болгарийы Фыццаг паддзахад – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Болгарийы Фыццаг паддзахад" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Bu%C5%82garii_(681%E2%80%931018)" title="Historia Bułgarii (681–1018) – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Historia Bułgarii (681–1018)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="سلطنت بلغاریا اول – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سلطنت بلغاریا اول" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeiro_Imp%C3%A9rio_B%C3%BAlgaro" title="Primeiro Império Búlgaro – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Primeiro Império Búlgaro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primul_%C8%9Aarat_Bulgar" title="Primul Țarat Bulgar – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Primul Țarat Bulgar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Первое Болгарское царство – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Первое Болгарское царство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Bulgarie_Empire" title="First Bulgarie Empire – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="First Bulgarie Empire" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvo_Bugarsko_Carstvo" title="Prvo Bugarsko Carstvo – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prvo Bugarsko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="First Bulgarian Empire" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prv%C3%A1_bulharsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" title="Prvá bulharská ríša – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prvá bulharská ríša" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvo_bolgarsko_cesarstvo" title="Prvo bolgarsko cesarstvo – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prvo bolgarsko cesarstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Прво бугарско царство – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Прво бугарско царство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rsta_bulgariska_riket" title="Första bulgariska riket – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Första bulgariska riket" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="முதலாம் பல்கேரிய பேரரசு – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முதலாம் பல்கேரிய பேரரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_1" title="จักรวรรดิบัลแกเรียที่ 1 – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรวรรดิบัลแกเรียที่ 1" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birinci_Bulgar_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Birinci Bulgar İmparatorluğu – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Birinci Bulgar İmparatorluğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beren%C3%A7e_Bol%C4%9Far_pat%C5%9Fal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Berençe Bolğar patşalığı – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Berençe Bolğar patşalığı" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Перше Болгарське царство – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перше Болгарське царство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="سلطنت بلغاریہ اول – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سلطنت بلغاریہ اول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birinchi_Bulg%CA%BBor_podsholigi" title="Birinchi Bulgʻor podsholigi – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Birinchi Bulgʻor podsholigi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%87_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_%C4%90%E1%BA%BF_qu%E1%BB%91c_Bulgaria" title="Đệ Nhất Đế quốc Bulgaria – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đệ Nhất Đế quốc Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="保加利亚第一帝国 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="保加利亚第一帝国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="保加利亞第一帝國 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="保加利亞第一帝國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q203817#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" 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lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85099211">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span 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title="多瑙河">多瑙河</a>下游成立、被通稱為保加爾汗國的國家。关于保加爾人在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%88%BE%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="伏爾加河">伏爾加河</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E9%A6%AC%E6%B2%B3" title="卡馬河">卡馬河</a>匯流成立、被通稱為保加爾汗國的國家，請見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="伏尔加保加利亚">伏尔加保加利亚</a></b>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva 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.infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">保加利亚第一帝国</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span lang="bg">Първo българско царство</span><br /><span lang="bg"><i>Părvo Bălgarsko Carstvo</i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">681年—1018年</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 2px 0 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_in_811_according_to_the_chronicle_by_Constantine_Manasses_(12th_c.).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="保加利亚"><img alt="保加利亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_in_811_according_to_the_chronicle_by_Constantine_Manasses_%2812th_c.%29.svg/125px-Flag_in_811_according_to_the_chronicle_by_Constantine_Manasses_%2812th_c.%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_in_811_according_to_the_chronicle_by_Constantine_Manasses_%2812th_c.%29.svg/188px-Flag_in_811_according_to_the_chronicle_by_Constantine_Manasses_%2812th_c.%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_in_811_according_to_the_chronicle_by_Constantine_Manasses_%2812th_c.%29.svg/250px-Flag_in_811_according_to_the_chronicle_by_Constantine_Manasses_%2812th_c.%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" title="保加利亚国旗">国旗</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 5px 0 2px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Monogram_on_the_silver_eagle_from_the_Voznesenka_treasure.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="保加利亚阿斯巴鲁赫的徽章"><img alt="保加利亚阿斯巴鲁赫的徽章" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Monogram_on_the_silver_eagle_from_the_Voznesenka_treasure.svg/85px-Monogram_on_the_silver_eagle_from_the_Voznesenka_treasure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Monogram_on_the_silver_eagle_from_the_Voznesenka_treasure.svg/128px-Monogram_on_the_silver_eagle_from_the_Voznesenka_treasure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Monogram_on_the_silver_eagle_from_the_Voznesenka_treasure.svg/170px-Monogram_on_the_silver_eagle_from_the_Voznesenka_treasure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="984" data-file-height="954" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亚国徽"> 阿斯巴鲁赫的徽章</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgaria_Simeon_I_(893-927)-zh.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="10世纪初，西美昂一世统治时期的疆域"><img alt="10世纪初，西美昂一世统治时期的疆域" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bulgaria_Simeon_I_%28893-927%29-zh.svg/250px-Bulgaria_Simeon_I_%28893-927%29-zh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bulgaria_Simeon_I_%28893-927%29-zh.svg/375px-Bulgaria_Simeon_I_%28893-927%29-zh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bulgaria_Simeon_I_%28893-927%29-zh.svg/500px-Bulgaria_Simeon_I_%28893-927%29-zh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="719" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">10世纪初，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%8E%E6%98%82%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="西美昂一世">西美昂一世</a>统治时期的疆域</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">首都</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="普利斯卡">普利斯卡</a><small>（681–893）</small><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%99%AE%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB" title="大普雷斯拉夫">大普雷斯拉夫</a><small>（893–968/972）</small><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C" title="斯科普里">斯科普里</a><small>（972–992）</small><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E8%B5%AB%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7" title="奥赫里德">奥赫里德</a><small>（992–1018）</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">常用语言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="保加尔语">保加尔语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="南斯拉夫语支">南斯拉夫语支</a>语言以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="中世纪希腊语">中世纪希腊语</a><br /><small>（680-893）</small><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="古教會斯拉夫語">古教会斯拉夫语</a><br /><small>（893–1018）</small><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">宗教<div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%BE%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="腾格里信仰">腾格里信仰</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="斯拉夫神話">斯拉夫神话</a><br /><small>（680–864）</small><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="东正教">东正教</a><br /><small>（864–1018）</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="保加利亞政治">政府</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">绝对君主制</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="可汗">可汗</a>→<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="保加利亚君主列表">沙皇</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 680-700 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E9%B2%81%E8%B5%AB" title="阿斯巴鲁赫">阿斯巴鲁赫</a>（首）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1018 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">普列西安二世（末）</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">历史时期</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中世纪</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E9%B2%81%E8%B5%AB" title="阿斯巴鲁赫">阿斯巴鲁赫</a>建国 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">681年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 皈依<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="东正教">东正教</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">864年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="古教會斯拉夫語">古教会斯拉夫语</a>的启用 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">893年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%8E%E6%98%82%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="西美昂一世">西美昂一世</a>成为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%9A%87" title="沙皇">沙皇</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">913年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 向<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="東羅馬帝國">東羅馬帝國</a>投降 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1018年</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="保加利亞地理">面积</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">9世纪</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">575,000平方公里</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">10世纪</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">753,000平方公里</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="保加利亞人口">人口</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 9世纪 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">4000000</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166码</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:BG" title="ISO 3166-2:BG">BG</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67735281">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>前身</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>继承</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg/20px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg/30px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg/40px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马帝国">罗马帝国</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Monogram_of_Kubrat.svg/20px-Monogram_of_Kubrat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Monogram_of_Kubrat.svg/30px-Monogram_of_Kubrat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Monogram_of_Kubrat.svg/40px-Monogram_of_Kubrat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="981" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E5%A4%A7%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="旧大保加利亚">旧大保加利亚</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="保加利亚第二帝国">保加利亚第二帝国</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_the_Second_Bulgarian_Empire.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Second_Bulgarian_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_the_Second_Bulgarian_Empire.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Second_Bulgarian_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_the_Second_Bulgarian_Empire.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Second_Bulgarian_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">今属于</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div>显示</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波黑</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克罗地亚</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/22px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/33px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/44px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="摩尔多瓦">摩尔多瓦</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/22px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/33px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/44px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">蒙特內哥羅</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93" title="北馬其頓">北馬其頓</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞爾維亞</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" 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.sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks vcard plainlist" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#009B74"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="保加利亚历史"><span style="color:white">保加利亚历史</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgarien-Rila-Kloster-1-1996.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bulgarien-Rila-Kloster-1-1996.jpg/220px-Bulgarien-Rila-Kloster-1-1996.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bulgarien-Rila-Kloster-1-1996.jpg/330px-Bulgarien-Rila-Kloster-1-1996.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bulgarien-Rila-Kloster-1-1996.jpg/440px-Bulgarien-Rila-Kloster-1-1996.jpg 2x" data-file-width="884" data-file-height="588" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="background:#D01C1F"> <span style="color:white">历史系列条目</span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="奥德里西亚王国">奥德里西亚</a> <span style="color:#aaa">前460年–46年</span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2#羅馬色雷斯行省" title="保加利亚历史">罗马时期</a> <span style="color:#aaa">46年–681年</span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A_(%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA)" title="大保加利亚 (中世纪)">旧大保加利亚</a> <span style="color:#aaa">632年–668年</span> </p><p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">第一帝国</a> <span style="color:#aaa">681年–1018年</span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%86%9B%E5%8C%BA" title="保加利亚军区">拜占庭保加利亚</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1018年–1185年</span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="保加利亚第二帝国">第二帝国</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1185年–1396年</span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E6%B2%BB%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="奧斯曼帝国治下的保加利亚">奥斯曼帝国统治</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1396年–1878年</span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2#國家覺醒" title="保加利亚历史">第三保加利亚</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1878年至今</span> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="保加利亞大公國">大公国</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1878年–1908年</span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="保加利亞王國">王国</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1908年–1946年</span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="保加利亞人民共和國">人民共和国</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1946年–1990年</span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">共和国</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1990年至今</span></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="center"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="保加利亚君主列表">君主列表</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亚总统">总统列表</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="保加利亚总理列表">总理列表</a></div> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Category:保加利亚历史">主分类</a></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Template:保加利亚历史"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:保加利亚历史（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:保加利亚历史"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>保加利亚第一帝国</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="保加利亚语">保加利亚语</a>：<b><span lang="bg">Първo българско царство</span></b>）是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="保加尔人">保加尔人</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E9%B2%81%E8%B5%AB" title="阿斯巴鲁赫">阿斯巴鲁赫</a>于西元681年在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%91%99%E6%B2%B3%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E6%B4%B2" title="多瑙河三角洲">多瑙河三角洲</a>建立的一个国家。在其鼎盛时期，疆域东至<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a>、南至<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E7%90%B4%E6%B5%B7" title="爱琴海">爱琴海</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%BE%97%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%B5%B7" title="亚得里亚海">亚得里亚海</a>。他们在西元864年接受了<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>。在681-864年期間，一般被稱為“保加尔汗国”或“多瑙河保加利亚”。 </p><p>第一帝国于西元1018年被<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="拜占庭帝国">拜占庭帝国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="巴西尔二世">巴西尔二世</a>消灭，其继承者为西元1185年建立的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="保加利亚第二帝国">保加利亚第二帝国</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="崛起"><span id=".E5.B4.9B.E8.B5.B7"></span>崛起</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：崛起"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>6世纪大量<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="斯拉夫人">斯拉夫人</a>来到这裡，與少量由<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%95%E9%B2%81%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="阿斯帕鲁克">阿斯帕魯克</a>汗率領，从<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a>北岸与北高加索遷移到<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="默西亚">梅西亞</a>的讲突厥语的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="保加尔人">保加爾人</a>融合，產生了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="保加利亞人">保加利亞人</a>。681年，阿斯帕魯克汗击败拜占庭皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96" title="君士坦丁四世">君士坦丁四世</a>，与之立约，正式获得拜占廷之多瑙河以南、巴尔干山脉以北地区，建國。此后三百年间，保加利亚是一个强大的独立帝国，其势力足以与<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BB%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="拜占廷">拜占廷</a>抗衡。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A-%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BB%B7%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亚-拜占廷战争">保加利亚-拜占廷战争</a>因保加利亚人向色雷斯境内的拜占廷堡垒索取贡金而引发。755年，保加利亚首领<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%88%97%E8%8C%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="捷列茨（页面不存在）">泰莱茨</a>（<span lang="bg">Телец</span>）入侵拜占廷，遭拜占廷皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96" title="君士坦丁五世">君士坦丁五世</a>（718年～775年）击退。保加利亚在759、763年连遭败绩，767年签订和约。其计划于772年突袭拜占廷，但为拜占廷获悉。两军作战至775年君士坦丁五世死去。 </p><p>780年，战事再起，拜占廷皇后<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%90%B3%E5%A8%9C%E5%A5%B3%E7%9A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="伊琳娜女皇">伊林娜</a>（752年～803年）向北夺取了保加利亚部分领土，而保加利亚汗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%E5%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡尔达姆（页面不存在）">卡达姆</a>（<span lang="bg">Кардам</span>）则迫使拜占廷在792年恢复向保加利亚纳贡。 </p><p>西元809年，拜占廷皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA%E5%BC%97%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="尼基弗鲁斯一世">尼基弗鲁斯一世</a>（？～811年）攻陷保加利亚首都<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="普利斯卡">普利斯卡</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%B2%81%E5%A7%86" title="克鲁姆">克鲁姆</a>汗（？～814年）多次求和，均遭严拒。然拜占廷内部发生夺位斗争，803年～810年又对<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="法兰克王国">法兰克王國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E6%9B%BC" title="查理曼">查理曼</a>作战，导致力量分散。811年，保加利亚夜袭，拜占庭帝國皇帝尼斯福鲁斯阵亡，头骨被克鲁姆做成酒杯。813年的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA%E9%98%BF%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威尔西尼基阿战役（页面不存在）">威尔西尼基阿战役</a>中，拜占廷将军亚美尼亚人<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96_(%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD)" title="利奥五世 (拜占庭)">利奥</a>率<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="亚美尼亚">亚美尼亚</a>军队临阵哗变，拜占廷皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="米海尔一世">米海尔一世</a>（811年～813年在位）大败。利奥随即篡夺帝位，称<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="利奥五世">利奥五世</a>。817年，利奥在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%88%E5%A1%9E%E5%A7%86%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迈塞姆布里亚战役（页面不存在）">迈塞姆布里亚战役</a>（米山布里亚战役）击败保加利亚<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E8%8E%AB%E7%88%BE%E5%A1%94%E6%A0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="奧莫爾塔格">奧莫爾塔格</a>，迫其签下30年和平条约。保加利亚汗<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%8D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="鲍里斯一世">鲍里斯一世</a>（<span lang="bg">Борис I</span>，852年～889年）于864年改称<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="大公">大公</a>，865年自拜占庭接受<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="东正教">东正教</a>为国教，約在886年，保加利亞帝國採用由生於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%90%A8%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA" title="塞萨洛尼基">帖撒羅尼加</a>的傳道士<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94_(%E4%B8%9C%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%A0%E6%95%99%E5%A3%AB)" class="mw-redirect" title="西里尔 (东罗马帝国传教士)">聖西里爾</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" title="美多德">聖梅索迪斯</a>所創之<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%93%A5%E9%87%8C%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="格拉哥里字母">格拉哥里字母</a>。在格拉哥里字母和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="古教會斯拉夫語">古教會斯拉夫語</a>的基礎上，由鲍里斯一世在西元886年下令建成<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="普雷斯拉夫">普雷斯拉夫</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E8%B5%AB%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奧赫里德人文學院（页面不存在）">奧赫里德人文學院</a>，並帶領保加利亞進入文化和文學的活躍期。他也在希臘和格羅葛里字母之速寫基礎上發明了<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="西里尔字母">西里尔字母</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="鼎盛"><span id=".E9.BC.8E.E7.9B.9B"></span>鼎盛</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：鼎盛"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>889年，因贸易权冲突，战事又起。公元893年保加利亚大公<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%8E%E6%98%82%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="西美昂一世">西美昂（西蒙、西缅）一世</a>（893～927年）登基，隔年击败希腊军。895年，在拜占廷唆使下，<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B8%95%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="阿尔帕德">阿尔帕德</a>（840年～907年）率<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%89%8E%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="马扎尔人">马扎尔人</a>进攻保加利亚。西缅与南俄的游牧民族<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E5%88%87%E6%B6%85%E6%A0%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="佩切涅格人">佩切涅格人</a>结盟，击败马扎尔。阿尔帕德被迫逃离<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a>故土，攻入<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%91%99%E6%B2%B3" title="多瑙河">多瑙河</a>流域，夺取当地斯拉夫人的土地，在今天的匈牙利境内建立了王朝。而西缅击败马扎尔人后挥军南下，在896年取胜。897年，拜占廷求和，向保加利亚缴纳年贡。 </p><p>913年，西缅自称沙皇（<span lang="bg">Цар</span>），率军进逼<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1" title="君士坦丁堡">君士坦丁堡</a>，签订苛刻的城下之约，满载贡金，不战而归。拜占廷随即发生宫廷政变，皇后<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E4%BC%8A%E5%A5%B3%E7%9A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="佐伊女皇">佐伊</a>（906年～920年）夺权成功。914年，西缅出军占领<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="马其顿">马其顿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="阿德里安堡">阿德里安堡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a>，又于918年试图夺取希腊北部与<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%96%E6%92%92%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帖撒利亚（页面不存在）">帖撒利亚</a>（希腊东部）。此后5年间，西缅4度围攻君士坦丁堡，均因海上力量不足，无功而返。927年西缅死去，战事告一段落。西缅因其功绩被称为西缅大帝（<span lang="bg">Симеон Велики</span>）。927年5月27日西緬大帝突然去世，其子<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A)" title="彼得一世 (保加利亚)">彼得一世 (保加利亞)</a>即位，采取了与拜占庭帝国的和平政策。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="衰亡"><span id=".E8.A1.B0.E4.BA.A1"></span>衰亡</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：衰亡"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>彼得一世即位後面臨兄弟們的叛亂，幾經艱辛平定內亂。930年後，彼得一世又要面對<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%9C%AD%E7%88%BE%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="馬札爾人">馬札爾人</a>的入侵。早前曾經投靠西緬大帝與率保加利亞軍凱旋西征的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="塞爾維亞人">塞爾維亞人</a>領袖<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%9F%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%BE%85%E5%B0%BC%E7%B1%B3%E6%B4%9B%E7%B6%AD%E5%A5%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="察斯拉夫·卡羅尼米洛維奇（页面不存在）">察斯拉夫·卡羅尼米洛維奇</a>，乘彼得一世統治混亂的機會得到拜占庭帝國暗中支持下起義，最終塞爾維亞人成功爭取獨立。 </p><p>966年，拜占庭帝國皇帝尼基弗魯斯二世拒絕向保加利亞王國進貢，戰爭立即爆發。彼得一世统治后期，北方的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="基辅罗斯">基辅罗斯</a>开始入侵巴尔干，迅速夺取了保加利亚在多瑙河以北所有地区。<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="斯维亚托斯拉夫入侵保加利亚">拜占庭趁机與基辅罗斯联盟</a>，於公元971年攻破普利斯拉夫。拜占庭帝国趁基辅罗斯防备松懈，击败了基辅罗斯，还鼓动突厥人杀死了基辅罗斯大公<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%88%88%E5%88%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87" title="斯维亚托斯拉夫·伊戈列维奇">斯维亚托斯拉夫</a>，独霸了联军占领的保加利亚疆土。 </p><p>保加利亚元气大伤，但没有放弃独霸巴尔干的想法，並于978和995年再次攻打色雷斯。拜占庭帝国皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="巴西尔二世">巴西尔二世</a>从阿拉伯近东地区回師色雷斯，于1014年在克雷蒂昂全歼保加利亚军队。據說皇帝在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E8%BF%AA%E6%98%82%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="克雷迪昂战役">克雷迪昂戰役</a>後將14000名保加利亞戰俘剜目，百人一隊，每隊僅有一個保留有一隻眼睛的人帶路，遣散回軍營，吓死了保加利亚沙皇<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%9A%84%E8%90%A8%E7%BC%AA%E5%B0%94" title="保加利亚的萨缪尔">萨穆尔</a>。4年后，巴西尔二世終於重新将保加利亚并入拜占庭帝国版图，保加利亚第一帝国宣告灭亡。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="帝国君主"><span id=".E5.B8.9D.E5.9B.BD.E5.90.9B.E4.B8.BB"></span>帝国君主</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：帝国君主"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85099211"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="保加利亚君主列表">保加利亚君主列表</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="其他"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96"></span>其他</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：其他"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>西元1981年，為紀念<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E9%B2%81%E8%B5%AB" title="阿斯巴鲁赫">阿斯巴鲁赫</a>創建保加利亞第一帝國滿一千三百年，保加利亞拍攝了電影《阿斯巴魯赫》（共三集）。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ANdbpi1WAIQC&pg=PA424&dq=bulgar+language&hl=bg&ei=MSbkTJfcHIGPswaI4KXzCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEEQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=bulgar%20language&f=false">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-08-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140925150920/http://books.google.com/books?id=ANdbpi1WAIQC&pg=PA424&dq=bulgar+language&hl=bg&ei=MSbkTJfcHIGPswaI4KXzCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEEQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=bulgar%20language&f=false">存档</a>于2014-09-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DANdbpi1WAIQC%26pg%3DPA424%26dq%3Dbulgar%2Blanguage%26hl%3Dbg%26ei%3DMSbkTJfcHIGPswaI4KXzCw%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D7%26ved%3D0CEEQ6AEwBg%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dbulgar%2520language%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=RB5aWgr7l-gC&pg=PA338&dq=bulgar+khanate+greek++language&hl=bg&ei=fsnkTJ7ZI4aWswahruDOCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=bulgar%20khanate%20greek%20%20language&f=false">The barbarian conversion: from paganism to Christianity, Richard A. Fletcher, University of California Press, 1999, ISBN 0-520-21859-0, p. 338</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-08-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141001131349/http://books.google.com/books?id=RB5aWgr7l-gC&pg=PA338&dq=bulgar+khanate+greek++language&hl=bg&ei=fsnkTJ7ZI4aWswahruDOCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=bulgar%20khanate%20greek%20%20language&f=false">存档</a>于2014-10-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=The+barbarian+conversion%3A+from+paganism+to+Christianity%2C+Richard+A.+Fletcher%2C+University+of+California+Press%2C+1999%2C+ISBN+0-520-21859-0%2C+p.+338&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRB5aWgr7l-gC%26pg%3DPA338%26dq%3Dbulgar%2Bkhanate%2Bgreek%2B%2Blanguage%26hl%3Dbg%26ei%3DfsnkTJ7ZI4aWswahruDOCw%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D5%26ved%3D0CD0Q6AEwBA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dbulgar%2520khanate%2520greek%2520%2520language%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/booksid=Kx_NjXiMZM0C&pg=PA265&dq=bulgar+khans+greek++language&hl=bg&ei=JcvkTJvjHMHJswaM283GCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false">A history of the Greek language: from its origins to the present, Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, BRILL, 2005, ISBN 90-04-12835-2, p. 265.</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="">失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books？id=WlpPjOlVzQwC&pg=PA180&dq=bulgar+khans+greek++language&hl=bg&ei=JcvkTJvjHMHJswaM283GCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Even%20though%20the%20Bulgarsadopted%20Byzantine%20ways%2C%20and%20the%20Greek%20language%20was%20&f=false">Greek East and Latin West: the church, AD 681-1071, St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 2007, ISBN 0-88141-320-8, p. 180.</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="">失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=YbS9QmwDC58C&pg=PA106&dq=greek+language+official+bulgar+khans&hl=bg&ei=017mTNH1HIbc4wa44tn4Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEoQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q&f=false">The early medieval Balkans: a critical survey from the sixth to the late twelfth century, John Van Antwerp Fine, University of Michigan Press, 1991, ISBN 0-472-08149-7, p. 106.</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-08-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140925050809/http://books.google.com/books?id=YbS9QmwDC58C&pg=PA106&dq=greek+language+official+bulgar+khans&hl=bg&ei=017mTNH1HIbc4wa44tn4Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEoQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2014-09-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=The+early+medieval+Balkans%3A+a+critical+survey+from+the+sixth+to+the+late+twelfth+century%2C+John+Van+Antwerp+Fine%2C+University+of+Michigan+Press%2C+1991%2C+ISBN+0-472-08149-7%2C+p.+106.&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYbS9QmwDC58C%26pg%3DPA106%26dq%3Dgreek%2Blanguage%2Bofficial%2Bbulgar%2Bkhans%26hl%3Dbg%26ei%3D017mTNH1HIbc4wa44tn4Ag%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D7%26ved%3D0CEoQ6AEwBjgK%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=_-G1L-9Zec0C&pg=PA351&dq=greek+language+official+bulgar+khans&hl=bg&ei=GWDmTIDjNY6S4gbXoun4Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCTgU#v=onepage&q&f=false">The other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars, and Cumans, Florin Curta, Roman Kovalev, BRILL, 2008, ISBN 90-04-16389-1, pp. 350-351.</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-08-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140925103555/http://books.google.com/books?id=_-G1L-9Zec0C&pg=PA351&dq=greek+language+official+bulgar+khans&hl=bg&ei=GWDmTIDjNY6S4gbXoun4Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCTgU#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2014-09-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=The+other+Europe+in+the+Middle+Ages%3A+Avars%2C+Bulgars%2C+Khazars%2C+and+Cumans%2C+Florin+Curta%2C+Roman+Kovalev%2C+BRILL%2C+2008%2C+ISBN+90-04-16389-1%2C+pp.+350-351.&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_-G1L-9Zec0C%26pg%3DPA351%26dq%3Dgreek%2Blanguage%2Bofficial%2Bbulgar%2Bkhans%26hl%3Dbg%26ei%3DGWDmTIDjNY6S4gbXoun4Ag%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D10%26ved%3D0CFYQ6AEwCTgU%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL441248D18D655CC0">保加利亞電影《阿斯巴魯赫》（共三集）</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-06-01</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150708050157/https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL441248D18D655CC0">存档</a>于2015-07-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1%E3%80%8A%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E9%AD%AF%E8%B5%AB%E3%80%8B%EF%BC%88%E5%85%B1%E4%B8%89%E9%9B%86%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fplaylist%3Flist%3DPL441248D18D655CC0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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title="民族大遷徙">民族大遷徙</a>期間建立的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蠻族王國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Barbarian kingdoms"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A0%BB%E6%97%8F%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蠻族王國（页面不存在）">蠻族國家</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarian_kingdoms" class="extiw" title="en:Barbarian kingdoms"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Barbarian kingdoms</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="日耳曼人">日耳曼人</a>國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="阿勒曼尼亞">阿勒曼尼亞王國</a></li> 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Kingdom"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Frisian Kingdom</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E7%9A%AE%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%BA" title="格皮德人">格皮德王國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E9%B2%81%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%BA" title="赫鲁利人">赫魯利王國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E5%B7%B4%E5%BA%95%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="倫巴底王國">倫巴底王國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E6%B1%87%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="苏维汇王国">苏维汇王国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="東哥德王國">東哥德王國</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鲁吉兰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rugiland"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E5%85%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鲁吉兰（页面不存在）">魯吉王國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugiland" class="extiw" title="en:Rugiland"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rugiland</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE" title="老薩克森">薩克森公國</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯基里人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sciri"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯基里人（页面不存在）">斯基里王國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciri" class="extiw" title="en:Sciri"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sciri</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圖林根人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Thuringii"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="图林根人">圖林根王國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuringii" class="extiw" title="en:Thuringii"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Thuringii</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94-%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="汪达尔-阿兰王国">汪達爾－阿蘭王國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="西哥特王国">西哥特王国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E4%BA%BA" title="匈人">匈人</a>國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="匈人帝國">匈人帝國</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="阿瓦尔人">阿瓦尔人</a>國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="阿瓦尔汗国">阿瓦尔汗国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5" title="古突厥">突厥人</a>國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">保加爾汗國</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E4%BA%BA" title="伊朗人">伊朗人</a>國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%84%E8%94%A1" title="奄蔡">阿蘭王國</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="凯尔特人">凯尔特人</a>國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="布罗埃雷克王国" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bro Gwened"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E5%9F%83%E9%9B%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布罗埃雷克王国（页面不存在）">布罗埃雷克王国</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bro_Gwened" class="extiw" title="en:Bro Gwened"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bro Gwened</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科瓦努耶王國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cornouaille"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E7%93%A6%E5%8A%AA%E8%80%B6%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科瓦努耶王國（页面不存在）">科瓦努耶王國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornouaille" class="extiw" title="en:Cornouaille"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cornouaille</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%93%E8%AB%BE%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="頓諾尼亞王國">頓諾尼亞王國</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古北方" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hen Ogledd"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古北方（页面不存在）">古北方諸王國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hen_Ogledd" class="extiw" title="en:Hen Ogledd"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hen Ogledd</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="威爾斯諸小王國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Petty kingdom"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AB%B8%E5%B0%8F%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威爾斯諸小王國（页面不存在）">威爾斯諸小王國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petty_kingdom" class="extiw" title="en:Petty kingdom"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Petty kingdom</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%85%8B%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="皮克特人">皮克特王國</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="斯拉夫人">斯拉夫人</a>國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="安特人">安特部落聯盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%85%B0%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="卡兰塔尼亚">卡蘭塔尼亞親王國</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩莫帝國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Samo's Empire"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E8%8E%AB%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩莫帝國（页面不存在）">薩莫帝國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samo%27s_Empire" class="extiw" title="en:Samo's Empire"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Samo's Empire</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯拉文人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sclaveni"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%87%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯拉文人（页面不存在）">斯拉文部落聯盟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sclaveni" class="extiw" title="en:Sclaveni"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sclaveni</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9F%8F%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="柏柏尔人">柏柏尔人</a>國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="毛羅－羅馬王國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mauro-Roman Kingdom"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%9B%E7%BE%85%EF%BC%8D%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="毛羅－羅馬王國（页面不存在）">毛羅－羅馬王國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauro-Roman_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="en:Mauro-Roman Kingdom"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mauro-Roman Kingdom</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿爾塔瓦王國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kingdom of Altava"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%A1%94%E7%93%A6%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿爾塔瓦王國（页面不存在）">阿爾塔瓦王國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Altava" class="extiw" title="en:Kingdom of Altava"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kingdom of Altava</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瓦爾塞尼斯王國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kingdom of Ouarsenis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦爾塞尼斯王國（页面不存在）">瓦爾塞尼斯王國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ouarsenis" class="extiw" title="en:Kingdom of Ouarsenis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kingdom of Ouarsenis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奧雷斯王國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kingdom of the Aurès"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奧雷斯王國（页面不存在）">奧雷斯王國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Aur%C3%A8s" class="extiw" title="en:Kingdom of the Aurès"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kingdom of the Aurès</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="阿拉伯人">阿拉伯人</a>國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E7%8F%8A%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7" title="伽珊尼德">伽珊王國</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塔努克王國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tanukhids"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E5%8A%AA%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔努克王國（页面不存在）">塔努克王國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanukhids" class="extiw" title="en:Tanukhids"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tanukhids</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩利赫王國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Salihids"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E5%88%A9%E8%B5%AB%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩利赫王國（页面不存在）">薩利赫王國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salihids" class="extiw" title="en:Salihids"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Salihids</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td 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class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civitas_Schinesghe" class="extiw" title="en:Civitas Schinesghe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Civitas Schinesghe</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="基辅罗斯">基辅罗斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%A3%AB%E4%B8%81%E5%B0%BC%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="查士丁尼王朝">东罗马帝国的发展</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Breviarium_Grimani_-_Juni.jpg" title="template"><img alt="template" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Breviarium_Grimani_-_Juni.jpg/160px-Breviarium_Grimani_-_Juni.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Breviarium_Grimani_-_Juni.jpg/240px-Breviarium_Grimani_-_Juni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Breviarium_Grimani_-_Juni.jpg/320px-Breviarium_Grimani_-_Juni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="794" /></a><figcaption>template</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E7%9B%9B%E6%9C%9F" title="中世紀盛期">中世紀盛期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="神圣罗马帝国">神圣罗马帝国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="保加利亚第二帝国">保加利亚第二帝国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="格鲁吉亚王国">格鲁吉亚帝国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD_(1025%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941385%E5%B9%B4)" title="波兰王国 (1025年—1385年)">波兰王国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6_(%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2)" title="封建制度 (歐洲)">封建制度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="東西教會大分裂">東西教會大分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E4%BB%BB%E6%9D%83%E6%96%97%E4%BA%89" title="叙任权斗争">叙任权斗争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E5%BE%A9%E5%A4%B1%E5%9C%B0%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="收復失地運動">收復失地運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" title="十字軍東征">十字軍東征</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E9%99%A2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="经院哲学">经院哲学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="修道 (基督教)">修道制度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%85%AC%E7%A4%BE" title="中世纪公社">公社</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%84%E5%9B%AD" title="庄园">庄园</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E6%BA%AB%E6%9A%96%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="中世紀溫暖時期">中世紀溫暖時期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%AD%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%81" title="长子西征">蒙古入侵欧洲</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F" title="中世紀後期">中世紀後期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="百年战争">百年战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AB%E7%91%B0%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="玫瑰战争">玫瑰战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="胡斯战争">胡斯战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="勃艮第公國">勃艮第</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="哈布斯堡王朝">哈布斯堡王朝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="天主教會大分裂">天主教會大分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E7%9A%84%E9%99%B7%E8%90%BD" title="君士坦丁堡的陷落">君士坦丁堡的陷落</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B4%9B%E8%B5%B7" title="奧斯曼帝國的崛起">奧斯曼帝國的崛起</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E9%9B%87%E4%BD%A3%E5%85%B5" title="瑞士雇佣兵">瑞士雇佣兵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E" title="騎士精神">騎士精神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="文藝復興人文主義">文藝復興人文主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀大學">中世紀大學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%9F%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F" title="中世紀晚期危機">中世纪晚期危机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%86%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="小冰期">小冰期</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">文化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪建筑" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval architecture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪建筑（页面不存在）">建筑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_architecture" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval architecture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval architecture</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%AF" title="欧洲中世纪美术">艺术</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪欧洲的教会和国家" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Church and state in medieval Europe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%9A%84%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪欧洲的教会和国家（页面不存在）">教会和国家</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_and_state_in_medieval_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Church and state in medieval Europe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Church and state in medieval Europe</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="中世紀飲食">飲食</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪人口" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval demography"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪人口（页面不存在）">人口</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_demography" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval demography"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval demography</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪家庭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval household"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪家庭（页面不存在）">家庭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_household" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval household"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval household</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="中世纪文学">文学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西欧的中世纪医学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval medicine of Western Europe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西欧的中世纪医学（页面不存在）">医学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_medicine_of_Western_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval medicine of Western Europe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval medicine of Western Europe</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="中世紀音樂">音樂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀哲學">哲學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀美學">美學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪诗歌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval poetry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪诗歌（页面不存在）">诗歌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_poetry" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval poetry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval poetry</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="科学史">科学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪欧洲的奴隶制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slavery in medieval Europe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B6%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪欧洲的奴隶制（页面不存在）">奴隶制</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_medieval_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Slavery in medieval Europe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slavery in medieval Europe</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪技术" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪技术（页面不存在）">技术</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval technology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="中世纪战争">战争</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">参见</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E9%BB%91%E6%9A%97%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="歐洲黑暗時代">黑暗時代</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪的残疾人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Disability in the Middle Ages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%9A%84%E6%AE%8B%E7%96%BE%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪的残疾人（页面不存在）">中世纪的残疾人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability_in_the_Middle_Ages" class="extiw" title="en:Disability in the Middle Ages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Disability in the Middle Ages</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪的概述" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of the Middle Ages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%9A%84%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪的概述（页面不存在）">基本主题列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_the_Middle_Ages" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of the Middle Ages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of the Middle Ages</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medievalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪主义（页面不存在）">中世纪主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medievalism" class="extiw" title="en:Medievalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medievalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪重演" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval reenactment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E9%87%8D%E6%BC%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪重演（页面不存在）">中世纪重演</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_reenactment" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval reenactment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval reenactment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪研究" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval studies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪研究（页面不存在）">中世纪研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_studies" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval studies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval studies</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新中世纪主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Neo-medievalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新中世纪主义（页面不存在）">新中世纪主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-medievalism" class="extiw" title="en:Neo-medievalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Neo-medievalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="中世纪年表">年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2" title="后古代史">同一时期的全球历史</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="Portal:中世纪">中世纪主题</a> <div style="float:left;"> « <span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="古典时代">古典时代</a></span></div><div style="float:right;"><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4" title="文艺复兴">文艺复兴</a></span> » </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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