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class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>October–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Births-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Births subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>January–March</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>April–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>July–September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>October–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deaths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>January–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>July–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1859</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 176 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-176" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">176 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1859 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1859 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1859 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1859 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B5%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۸۵۹ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۸۵۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AB%E0%A7%AF" title="১৮৫৯ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৮৫৯" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859_n%C3%AE" title="1859 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1859 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1859 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1859 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859." title="1859. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1859." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1859 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1859 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B5%DB%B9" title="۱۸۵۹ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۸۵۹" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859%E5%B9%B4" title="1859年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1859年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859-ngi%C3%A8n" title="1859-ngièn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1859-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859%EB%85%84" title="1859년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1859년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%AF" title="१८५९ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१८५९" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859." title="1859. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1859." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AB%E0%A7%AF" title="মারি ১৮৫৯ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৮৫৯" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1859-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1859-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AE%E0%B3%AB%E0%B3%AF" title="೧೮೫೯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೮೫೯" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1859 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1859 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1859 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1859 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1859-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1859-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1859 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1859 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859_%D0%B8" title="1859 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1859 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859._gads" title="1859. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1859. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1859 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1859 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859_m." title="1859 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1859 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%AF" title="१८५९ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१८५९" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%AF" title="इ.स. १८५९ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १८५९" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B5%DB%B9" title="۱۸۵۹ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۸۵۹" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1859 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1859 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%88%E1%81%85%E1%81%89" title="၁၈၅၉ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၈၅၉" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%AF" title="ई सं १८५९ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १८५९" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859%E5%B9%B4" title="1859年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1859年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1859 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1859 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AE%E0%AD%AB%E0%AD%AF" title="୧୮୫୯ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୮୫୯" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%AF" title="१८५९ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१८५९" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1859" title="Joohr 1859 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1859" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1859 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1859 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%AF" title="१८५९ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१८५९" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859%D8%B9" title="1859ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1859ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A8%D9%A5%D9%A9" title="١٨٥٩ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٨٥٩" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1859 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1859 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2402" title="พ.ศ. 2402 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2402" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1859" title="Соли 1859 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1859" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859_%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1859 ар – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1859 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859%D8%A1" title="1859ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1859ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859_nienz" title="1859 nienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1859 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859%E5%B9%B4" title="1859年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1859年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859%E5%B9%B4" title="1859年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1859年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859" title="1859 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1859" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li 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millennia">Millennium</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a>: </th> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1830s" title="1830s">1830s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840s" title="1840s">1840s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1850s" title="1850s">1850s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860s" title="1860s">1860s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870s" title="1870s">1870s</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1856" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1856">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1857" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1857">1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1858" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1858">1858</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1859" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1859">1859</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1860" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1860">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1861" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1861">1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1862" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1862">1862</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1859" title="Category:1859">1859 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Humanities</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_animation" title="1859 in animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_archaeology" title="1859 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_architecture" title="1859 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_art" title="1859 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_literature" title="1859 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_poetry" title="1859 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_music" title="1859 in music">Music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_Australia" title="1859 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_Belgium" title="1859 in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_Brazil" title="1859 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_Canada" title="1859 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_China" title="1859 in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_Denmark" title="1859 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_France" title="1859 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_Germany" title="1859 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_New_Zealand" title="1859 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_Norway" title="1859 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_Portugal" title="1859 in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_Russia" title="1859 in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_South_Africa" title="1859 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_Sweden" title="1859 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1859 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_the_United_States" title="1859 in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_Venezuela" title="1859 in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_rail_transport" title="1859 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_science" title="1859 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_sports" title="1859 in sports">Sports</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_entities_in_the_19th_century" title="List of political entities in the 19th century">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1859" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1859">Sovereign state leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_19th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 19th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_19th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 19th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1859_in_law" title="Category:1859 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1859_births" title="Category:1859 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1859_deaths" title="Category:1859 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1859_establishments" title="Category:1859 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1859_disestablishments" title="Category:1859 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1859_works" title="Category:1859 works">Works</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1859 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1859<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MDCCCLIX</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2612</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1308<br />ԹՎ ՌՅԸ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6609</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a></td><td>15–16</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1780–1781</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1266</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2809</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>22 <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Vict. 1</a> – 23 <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Vict. 1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2403</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1221</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7367–7368</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">戊午</a>年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Horse_(zodiac)" title="Horse (zodiac)">Horse</a>)<br />4556 or 4349<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />己未年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Goat_(zodiac)" title="Goat (zodiac)">Goat</a>)<br />4557 or 4350</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1575–1576</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>3025</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1851–1852</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5619–5620</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1915–1916</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1780–1781</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4959–4960</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11859</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>859–860</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1237–1238</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1275–1276</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ansei" title="Ansei">Ansei</a> 6<br />(安政６年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1787–1788</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 12 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4192</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>53 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前53年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>391</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2401–2402</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳土马年<br />(male Earth-<a href="/wiki/Horse_(zodiac)" title="Horse (zodiac)">Horse</a>)<br />1985 or 1604 or 832<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴土羊年<br />(female Earth-<a href="/wiki/Goat_(zodiac)" title="Goat (zodiac)">Goat</a>)<br />1986 or 1605 or 833</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1859" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1859">1859</a></span>.</div></div> </div><p><b>1859</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MDCCCLIX</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Saturday" title="Common year starting on Saturday">common year starting on Saturday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Thursday" title="Common year starting on Thursday">common year starting on Thursday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1859th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 859th year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 59th year of the <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a>, and the 10th and last year of the <a href="/wiki/1850s" title="1850s">1850s</a> decade. As of the start of 1859, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1859-60_CE_world_map.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/1859-60_CE_world_map.PNG/220px-1859-60_CE_world_map.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/1859-60_CE_world_map.PNG/330px-1859-60_CE_world_map.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/1859-60_CE_world_map.PNG/440px-1859-60_CE_world_map.PNG 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="2234" /></a><figcaption>World map in 1859</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March"><span id="January.E2.80.93March"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mariano_Salas" title="José Mariano Salas">José Mariano Salas</a> (1797–1867) becomes Conservative interim <a href="/wiki/President_of_Mexico" title="President of Mexico">President of Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O. S.</a>) – Under the rule of <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza" title="Alexandru Ioan Cuza">Alexandru Ioan Cuza</a>, the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a> are united under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. It would be a principal step in forming the modern state of <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – The city of <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia</a> is incorporated in the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Territory" title="Washington Territory">Washington Territory</a> of the United States of America.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Miram%C3%B3n" title="Miguel Miramón">Miguel Miramón</a> (1832–1867) becomes Conservative interim <a href="/wiki/President_of_Mexico" title="President of Mexico">President of Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – German scholar <a href="/wiki/Constantin_von_Tischendorf" title="Constantin von Tischendorf">Constantin von Tischendorf</a> rediscovers the <i><a href="/wiki/Codex_Sinaiticus" title="Codex Sinaiticus">Codex Sinaiticus</a></i>, a 4th-century <a href="/wiki/Uncial_script" title="Uncial script">uncial</a> manuscript of the <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Catherine%27s_Monastery" title="Saint Catherine's Monastery">Saint Catherine's Monastery</a> on the foot of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Khedivate_of_Egypt" title="Khedivate of Egypt">Khedivate of Egypt</a> and arranges for its presentation to his patron, Tsar <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia" title="Alexander II of Russia">Alexander II of Russia</a> at <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> is admitted as the 33rd <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Mekteb-i_M%C3%BClkiye" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekteb-i Mülkiye">Mekteb-i Mülkiye</a> School is founded in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a> – French naval forces under <a href="/wiki/Charles_Rigault_de_Genouilly" title="Charles Rigault de Genouilly">Charles Rigault de Genouilly</a> capture the city and <a href="/wiki/Citadel_of_Saigon" title="Citadel of Saigon">Citadel of Saigon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, beginning the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Saigon" title="Siege of Saigon">Siege of Saigon</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – United States Congressman <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Sickles" title="Daniel Sickles">Daniel Sickles</a> shoots <a href="/wiki/Philip_Barton_Key_(U.S._District_Attorney)" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Barton Key (U.S. District Attorney)">Philip Barton Key (U.S. District Attorney)</a> for having an affair with his wife.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> – Construction begins on the first railway in northern <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> as tracks are laid between the modern-day locations of <a href="/wiki/Allahabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad">Allahabad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_9" title="March 9">March 9</a> – The army of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia" title="Kingdom of Sardinia">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> mobilizes against Austria, beginning the crisis which will lead to the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Sardinian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Sardinian War">Austro-Sardinian War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">March 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> issues the charter establishing the <a href="/wiki/Zoological_Society_of_Philadelphia" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoological Society of Philadelphia">Zoological Society of Philadelphia</a>, the first organization of its kind in the United States, and founder of the nation's first zoo.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> – French amateur astronomer <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Modeste_Lescarbault" title="Edmond Modeste Lescarbault">Edmond Modeste Lescarbault</a> claims to have noticed a planet closer to the Sun than Mercury (later named <a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(hypothetical_planet)" title="Vulcan (hypothetical planet)">Vulcan</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June"><span id="April.E2.80.93June"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Cooper_Union_for_the_Advancement_of_Science_and_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art">The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art</a> is founded by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cooper" title="Peter Cooper">Peter Cooper</a>, a New York industrialist, inventor and philanthropist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Rebellion">Indian Rebellion</a> revolutionary, <a href="/wiki/Tantia_Tope" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantia Tope">Tantia Tope</a> is hanged for the <a href="/wiki/1857_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="1857 Rebellion">1857 Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – Ground is broken for the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a>, in Egypt.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – American ship <i><a href="/wiki/Pomona_(ship)" title="Pomona (ship)">Pomona</a></i> is wrecked off the Irish coast, with 424 dead.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – Austrian troops begin to cross the <a href="/wiki/Ticino_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ticino River">Ticino River</a> to <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/A_Tale_of_Two_Cities" title="A Tale of Two Cities">A Tale of Two Cities</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a> is published in England.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">May 4</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Railway" title="Cornwall Railway">Cornwall Railway</a> opens across the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Bridge" title="Royal Albert Bridge">Royal Albert Bridge</a>, linking the counties of <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a> in England.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – Border Treaty between <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>: The two countries agree their borders should be traced at the water divide, between the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_River" title="Amazon River">Amazon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Orinoco" title="Orinoco">Orinoco</a> basins.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Austro-Sardinian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Sardinian War">Austro-Sardinian War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montebello_(1859)" title="Battle of Montebello (1859)">Battle of Montebello</a> – The Austrian army led by <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Urban" title="Karl von Urban">Karl von Urban</a> faces the French-Sardinian combined forces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies">Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies</a> is succeeded by his 23-year-old son, <a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Francis II of the Two Sicilies">Francis II of the Two Sicilies</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Austro-Sardinian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Sardinian War">Austro-Sardinian War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Varese" title="Battle of Varese">Battle of Varese</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Hunters_of_the_Alps" title="Hunters of the Alps">Hunters of the Alps</a> confront and defeat Austrian forces, led by <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Urban" title="Karl von Urban">Field Marshal-Lieutenant Karl von Urban</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a>, <a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geologist" title="Geologist">Geologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Prestwich" title="Joseph Prestwich">Joseph Prestwich</a> and amateur <a href="/wiki/Archaeologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeologist">archaeologist</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Evans_(archaeologist)" title="John Evans (archaeologist)">John Evans</a> report (to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> and <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Antiquaries_of_London" title="Society of Antiquaries of London">Society of Antiquaries of London</a>, respectively) the results of their investigations of gravel-pits in the <a href="/wiki/Somme_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Somme valley">Somme valley</a> and elsewhere, extending <a href="/wiki/Human_history" title="Human history">human history</a> back to what will become known as the <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a> Era.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Austro-Sardinian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Sardinian War">Austro-Sardinian War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Palestro" title="Battle of Palestro">Battle of Palestro</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia" title="Kingdom of Sardinia">Sardinians</a> defeat the Austrian army.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> – Big Ben, the <a href="/wiki/Big_Ben" title="Big Ben">Great Clock</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a>, London, is started.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Austro-Sardinian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Sardinian War">Austro-Sardinian War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Magenta" title="Battle of Magenta">Battle of Magenta</a> – The French and Sardinians defeat the Austrians.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">June 6</a> – The British <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">Crown colony</a> of <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a> in Australia is created, by <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_Queensland" title="Separation of Queensland">devolving part of the territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queensland_Day" title="Queensland Day">Queensland Day</a>). <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a> is declared the capital.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> – The discovery of the <a href="/wiki/Comstock_Lode" title="Comstock Lode">Comstock Lode</a> in the western Utah Territory sets off the Rush to Washoe.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> <ul><li>Austro-Sardinian War: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Treponti" title="Battle of Treponti">Battle of Treponti</a> – The Austrian Field Marshall <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Urban" title="Karl von Urban">Karl von Urban</a> defeats <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a>.</li> <li>The so-called <a href="/wiki/Pig_War_(1859)" title="Pig War (1859)">Pig War</a> border dispute between the Americans and the British, over the <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Islands" title="San Juan Islands">San Juan Islands</a>, begins by the death of the namesake pig.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – The only recorded <a href="/wiki/Simoom" title="Simoom">simoom</a> ever in North America hits <a href="/wiki/Goleta,_California" title="Goleta, California">Goleta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara, California</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aletschhorn" title="Aletschhorn">Aletschhorn</a>, the second summit of the <a href="/wiki/Bernese_Alps" title="Bernese Alps">Bernese Alps</a>, is first ascended.</li> <li><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yvon_Bataille_de_Solferino_Compiegne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Yvon_Bataille_de_Solferino_Compiegne.jpg/166px-Yvon_Bataille_de_Solferino_Compiegne.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Yvon_Bataille_de_Solferino_Compiegne.jpg/249px-Yvon_Bataille_de_Solferino_Compiegne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Yvon_Bataille_de_Solferino_Compiegne.jpg/332px-Yvon_Bataille_de_Solferino_Compiegne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1954" data-file-height="1271" /></a><figcaption>June 24: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Solferino" title="Battle of Solferino">Battle of Solferino</a></figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Solferino" title="Battle of Solferino">Austro-Sardinian War – Battle of Solferino</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia" title="Kingdom of Sardinia">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> and the armies of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a> of France defeat <a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Franz Joseph I of Austria</a> in northern Italy; the battle inspires <a href="/wiki/Henri_Dunant" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Dunant">Henri Dunant</a> to found the <a href="/wiki/Red_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Cross">Red Cross</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Blondin" title="Charles Blondin">Charles Blondin</a> crosses <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls" title="Niagara Falls">Niagara Falls</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Tightrope" class="mw-redirect" title="Tightrope">tightrope</a> for the first time.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September"><span id="July.E2.80.93September"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July" title="July">July</a> <ul><li>Count <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso_di_Cavour" class="mw-redirect" title="Camillo Benso di Cavour">Camillo Benso di Cavour</a> resigns, as president of <a href="/wiki/Piedmont-Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Piedmont-Sardinia">Piedmont-Sardinia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike%27s_Peak_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="Pike's Peak Gold Rush">Pike's Peak Gold Rush</a> begins in the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Territory" title="Colorado Territory">Colorado Territory</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – The first intercollegiate <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a> game is played, between <a href="/wiki/Amherst_College" title="Amherst College">Amherst</a> and <a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams</a> Colleges.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_XV_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles XV of Sweden">Charles XV</a> succeeds his father <a href="/wiki/Oscar_I_of_Sweden" title="Oscar I of Sweden">Oscar I of Sweden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> (as Charles IV).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> <ul><li>The chimes of <a href="/wiki/Big_Ben" title="Big Ben">Big Ben</a> ring for the first time in London.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Sardinian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Sardinian War">Austro-Sardinian War</a> – By the preliminary treaty signed at <a href="/wiki/Villafranca_di_Verona" title="Villafranca di Verona">Villafranca</a>, Italy, <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> is ceded to the French (who immediately cede it to Sardinia), while the Austrians keep <a href="/wiki/Venetia_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetia (region)">Venetia</a>, and the French promise to restore the Central Italian rulers expelled in the course of the war. This brings the Austro-Sardinian War effectively to a close.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Grand_Combin" title="Grand Combin">Grand Combin</a>, one of the highest summits in the Alps, is first ascended.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – The Tuscan National Assembly formally deposes the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg-Lorraine</a>, ending an ascendancy of 109 years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Drake" title="Edwin Drake">Edwin Drake</a> drills the first <a href="/wiki/Oil_well" title="Oil well">oil well</a> in the United States, near <a href="/wiki/Titusville,_Pennsylvania" title="Titusville, Pennsylvania">Titusville, Pennsylvania</a>, starting the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_oil_rush" title="Pennsylvania oil rush">Pennsylvania oil rush</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a>–<a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Solar_storm_of_1859" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar storm of 1859">solar storm of 1859</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_solar_storms" title="List of solar storms">the largest</a> <a href="/wiki/Geomagnetic_storm" title="Geomagnetic storm">geomagnetic solar storm</a> on record, causes the <a href="/wiki/Aurora" title="Aurora">Northern lights</a> to be visible as far south as <a href="/wiki/Monter%C3%ADa" title="Montería">Montería</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> and knocks out <a href="/wiki/Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegraph">telegraph</a> communication (this is also called the <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_Christopher_Carrington" title="Richard Christopher Carrington">Carrington</a> Event</i>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September" title="September">September</a> – British merchant <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Blake_Glover" title="Thomas Blake Glover">Thomas Blake Glover</a> begins business in <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a>, Japan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – In <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Norton" title="Emperor Norton">Joshua Norton</a> proclaims himself to be His Imperial Majesty Emperor Norton I, <i>Emperor of the United States</i> and <i>Protector of Mexico</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December"><span id="October.E2.80.93December"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg/200px-Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg/300px-Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg/400px-Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2888" data-file-height="4636" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry" title="John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry">raids</a> the <a href="/wiki/Harpers_Ferry_Armory" title="Harpers Ferry Armory">Harpers Ferry Armory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Harpers_Ferry,_West_Virginia" title="Harpers Ferry, West Virginia">Harper's Ferry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, in an unsuccessful bid to spark a general slave rebellion.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – Troops under Colonel <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a> overpower <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a> at the Federal arsenal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – The steamship <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Charter_(ship)" title="Royal Charter (ship)">Royal Charter</a></i> is wrecked on the coast of <a href="/wiki/Anglesey" title="Anglesey">Anglesey</a>, Wales, with 454 dead.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – The current <a href="/wiki/Cape_Lookout_(North_Carolina)" title="Cape Lookout (North Carolina)">Cape Lookout</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Lookout_Lighthouse" title="Cape Lookout Lighthouse">lighthouse</a> is lighted for the first time (its first-order <a href="/wiki/Fresnel_lens" title="Fresnel lens">Fresnel lens</a> can be seen for 19 miles).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Z%C3%BCrich" title="Treaty of Zürich">Treaty of Zürich</a>, reaffirming the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Villafranca" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Villafranca">Treaty of Villafranca</a>, brings the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Sardinian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Sardinian War">Austro-Sardinian War</a> to an official close.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – The first <a href="/wiki/Zappas_Olympics" title="Zappas Olympics">Zappas Olympics</a> open in Greece.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> <ul><li>English naturalist <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> publishes <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">On the Origin of Species</a></i>, a book which argues for the gradual <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a> of <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> through <a href="/wiki/Natural_selection" title="Natural selection">natural selection</a> (it immediately sells out its initial print run).</li> <li>The French Navy's <i><a href="/wiki/La_Gloire" class="mw-redirect" title="La Gloire">La Gloire</a></i>, the first ocean-going ironclad warship in history, is launched.</li></ul></li> <li>November – <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Riemann" title="Bernhard Riemann">Bernhard Riemann</a> publishes <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Number_of_Primes_Less_Than_a_Given_Magnitude" title="On the Number of Primes Less Than a Given Magnitude">On the Number of Primes Less Than a Given Magnitude</a></i>. In his paper there is an incidental comment that later becomes the <a href="/wiki/Riemann_Hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Riemann Hypothesis">Riemann Hypothesis</a>, one of the most important unsolved problems in Mathematics.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – Militant <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolitionist</a> leader <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a> is hanged for his <a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> raid on <a href="/wiki/Harpers_Ferry,_West_Virginia" title="Harpers Ferry, West Virginia">Harpers Ferry, West Virginia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila_University" title="Ateneo de Manila University">Ateneo de Manila University</a> is founded, as the <i>Escuela Municipal de Manila</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_nurse" title="District nurse">District nursing</a> begins in <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, England, when philanthropist <a href="/wiki/William_Rathbone_VI" title="William Rathbone VI">William Rathbone</a> employs Mary Robinson to nurse the sick poor in their own homes.</li> <li>The island of <a href="/wiki/Timor" title="Timor">Timor</a> is divided between Portugal and the Netherlands.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Rancho_Rincon_de_Los_Esteros" class="mw-redirect" title="Rancho Rincon de Los Esteros">Rancho Rincon de Los Esteros</a> Land Grant is confirmed to Rafael Alvisa (part of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara County, California</a>).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Law_School" title="University of Michigan Law School">University of Michigan Law School</a> is founded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> publishes <i><a href="/wiki/A_Contribution_to_the_Critique_of_Political_Economy" title="A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy">A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a> publishes <i><a href="/wiki/On_Liberty" title="On Liberty">On Liberty</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eliot" title="George Eliot">George Eliot</a> publishes <i><a href="/wiki/Adam_Bede" title="Adam Bede">Adam Bede</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson" title="Alfred, Lord Tennyson">Alfred, Lord Tennyson</a> publishes the first set of <i><a href="/wiki/Idylls_of_the_King" title="Idylls of the King">Idylls of the King</a></i>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Promoting_the_Employment_of_Women" title="Society for Promoting the Employment of Women">Society for Promoting the Employment of Women</a> is founded.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Mary_Institute_and_St._Louis_Country_Day_School" title="Mary Institute and St. Louis Country Day School">Mary Institute</a> is founded in Missouri.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tidskrift_f%C3%B6r_hemmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tidskrift för hemmet">Tidskrift för hemmet</a></i>, the first women's magazine in the Nordic countries, begins publication in Sweden.</li> <li>Nillmij, a predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Aegon" title="Aegon">Aegon</a>, Dutch-based worldwide <a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">insurance</a> company, is founded in the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March_2"><span id="January.E2.80.93March_2"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bain_News_Service_-_The_Library_of_Congress_-_Kaiser_Wilhelm_(LOC)_(pd).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bain_News_Service_-_The_Library_of_Congress_-_Kaiser_Wilhelm_%28LOC%29_%28pd%29.jpg/110px-Bain_News_Service_-_The_Library_of_Congress_-_Kaiser_Wilhelm_%28LOC%29_%28pd%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bain_News_Service_-_The_Library_of_Congress_-_Kaiser_Wilhelm_%28LOC%29_%28pd%29.jpg/165px-Bain_News_Service_-_The_Library_of_Congress_-_Kaiser_Wilhelm_%28LOC%29_%28pd%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bain_News_Service_-_The_Library_of_Congress_-_Kaiser_Wilhelm_%28LOC%29_%28pd%29.jpg/220px-Bain_News_Service_-_The_Library_of_Congress_-_Kaiser_Wilhelm_%28LOC%29_%28pd%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3034" data-file-height="4435" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm II of Germany">Wilhelm II of Germany</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louise_DeKoven_Bowen.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Louise_DeKoven_Bowen.png/110px-Louise_DeKoven_Bowen.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Louise_DeKoven_Bowen.png/165px-Louise_DeKoven_Bowen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Louise_DeKoven_Bowen.png/220px-Louise_DeKoven_Bowen.png 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="1036" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Louise_DeKoven_Bowen" title="Louise DeKoven Bowen">Louise DeKoven Bowen</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comerre,_Portrait_de_la_femme_de_l%27artiste,_StrasbourgMAMCS_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Comerre%2C_Portrait_de_la_femme_de_l%27artiste%2C_StrasbourgMAMCS_%282%29.JPG/110px-Comerre%2C_Portrait_de_la_femme_de_l%27artiste%2C_StrasbourgMAMCS_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Comerre%2C_Portrait_de_la_femme_de_l%27artiste%2C_StrasbourgMAMCS_%282%29.JPG/165px-Comerre%2C_Portrait_de_la_femme_de_l%27artiste%2C_StrasbourgMAMCS_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Comerre%2C_Portrait_de_la_femme_de_l%27artiste%2C_StrasbourgMAMCS_%282%29.JPG/220px-Comerre%2C_Portrait_de_la_femme_de_l%27artiste%2C_StrasbourgMAMCS_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1496" data-file-height="3006" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Comerre-Paton" title="Jacqueline Comerre-Paton">Jacqueline Comerre-Paton</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Conan_doyle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Conan_doyle.jpg/110px-Conan_doyle.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Conan_doyle.jpg/165px-Conan_doyle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Conan_doyle.jpg/220px-Conan_doyle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1403" data-file-height="2238" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Rodman" title="Hugh Rodman">Hugh Rodman</a>, American admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fanny_Bullock_Workman" title="Fanny Bullock Workman">Fanny Bullock Workman</a>, American geographer, writer and mountain climber (d. <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston</a>, British statesman, <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of India">Viceroy of India</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm II of Germany">Wilhelm II of Germany</a>, last Emperor of Germany and <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Prussia">King of Prussia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Virginie_Am%C3%A9lie_Avegno_Gautreau" title="Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau">Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau</a>, American-born Parisian socialite, model for the painting <i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Madame_X" title="Portrait of Madame X">Portrait of Madame X</a></i> (d. <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Miller_(actor)" title="Henry Miller (actor)">Henry Miller</a>, English-born American stage actor, producer (d. <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Herbert" title="Victor Herbert">Victor Herbert</a>, Irish-born composer (<i>Babes In Toyland</i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Junkers" title="Hugo Junkers">Hugo Junkers</a>, German industrialist, aircraft designer (d. <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Cheikho" title="Louis Cheikho">Louis Cheikho</a>, Lebanese <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> <a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholics" title="Chaldean Catholics">Chaldean</a> priest and venerable (d. <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Akiyama_Yoshifuru" title="Akiyama Yoshifuru">Akiyama Yoshifuru</a>, Japanese general (d. <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Millerand" title="Alexandre Millerand">Alexandre Millerand</a>, President of France (d. <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Valentine_Knaggs" title="Henry Valentine Knaggs">Henry Valentine Knaggs</a>, English physician, author (d. <a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Gale_Ferris_Jr." title="George Washington Gale Ferris Jr.">George Washington Gale Ferris Jr.</a>, American inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Ferris_wheel" title="Ferris wheel">Ferris wheel</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a>, Swedish chemist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Edwin_Patey" title="George Edwin Patey">George Edwin Patey</a>, British admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vasil_Kutinchev" title="Vasil Kutinchev">Vasil Kutinchev</a>, Bulgarian general (d. <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louise_DeKoven_Bowen" title="Louise DeKoven Bowen">Louise DeKoven Bowen</a>, American philanthropist, activist (d. <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Florian_Cajori" title="Florian Cajori">Florian Cajori</a>, Swiss historian of mathematics (d. <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sholem_Aleichem" title="Sholem Aleichem">Sholem Aleichem</a>, Ukrainian Yiddish novelist (d. <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Grahame" title="Kenneth Grahame">Kenneth Grahame</a>, English author (d. <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_9" title="March 9">March 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Averescu" title="Alexandru Averescu">Alexandru Averescu</a>, Romanian general and politician, 24th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abraham_H._Cannon" title="Abraham H. Cannon">Abraham H. Cannon</a>, American Mormon apostle (d. <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alice_Bellvadore_Sams_Turner" title="Alice Bellvadore Sams Turner">Alice Bellvadore Sams Turner</a>, American physician (d. <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">March 16</a> [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> March 4] – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stepanovich_Popov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Stepanovich Popov">Alexander Stepanovich Popov</a>, Russian physicist (d. <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a> [O.S. 1905])<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Wortman" title="Hendrik Wortman">Hendrik Wortman</a>, Dutch civil engineer (d. <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/A._E._Housman" title="A. E. Housman">A. E. Housman</a>, English poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June_2"><span id="April.E2.80.93June_2"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Reginald_De_Koven" title="Reginald De Koven">Reginald De Koven</a>, American composer, music critic (d. <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Loeb" title="Jacques Loeb">Jacques Loeb</a>, German–American physiologist, biologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Husserl" title="Edmund Husserl">Edmund Husserl</a>, Austrian philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Capello" title="Luigi Capello">Luigi Capello</a>, Italian general (d. <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Willis_Van_Devanter" title="Willis Van Devanter">Willis Van Devanter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Comerre-Paton" title="Jacqueline Comerre-Paton">Jacqueline Comerre-Paton</a>, French artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre Curie</a>, French physicist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> – Sir <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a>, Scottish writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Belle_Archer" title="Belle Archer">Belle Archer</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Doveton_Sturdee" title="Doveton Sturdee">Doveton Sturdee</a>, British admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ossawa_Tanner" title="Henry Ossawa Tanner">Henry Ossawa Tanner</a>, American artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September_2"><span id="July.E2.80.93September_2"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dora_Knowlton_Ranous.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Dora_Knowlton_Ranous.png/110px-Dora_Knowlton_Ranous.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Dora_Knowlton_Ranous.png/165px-Dora_Knowlton_Ranous.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Dora_Knowlton_Ranous.png/220px-Dora_Knowlton_Ranous.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dora_Knowlton_Ranous" title="Dora Knowlton Ranous">Dora Knowlton Ranous</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/DeLancey_W._Gill" title="DeLancey W. Gill">DeLancey W. Gill</a>, American artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton-Gordon_(British_Army_officer,_born_1859)" title="Alexander Hamilton-Gordon (British Army officer, born 1859)">Alexander Hamilton-Gordon</a>, British general (d. <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verner_von_Heidenstam" title="Verner von Heidenstam">Verner von Heidenstam</a>, Swedish writer, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Webb,_1st_Baron_Passfield" title="Sidney Webb, 1st Baron Passfield">Sidney Webb, 1st Baron Passfield</a>, British co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Anderson_(actress,_born_1859)" title="Mary Anderson (actress, born 1859)">Mary Anderson</a>, American stage actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Herringshaw1914_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herringshaw1914-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Rodrigues_da_Cruz" title="Francisco Rodrigues da Cruz">Francisco Rodrigues da Cruz</a>, Portuguese priest (d. <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Adib_Pacha" title="Auguste Adib Pacha">Auguste Adib Pacha</a>, 2-time prime minister of Lebanon (d. <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Knut Hamsun</a>, Norwegian author, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dora_Knowlton_Ranous" title="Dora Knowlton Ranous">Dora Knowlton Ranous</a>, American actress, author and translator (d. <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Ancher" title="Anna Ancher">Anna Ancher</a>, Danish painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Jaur%C3%A8s" title="Jean Jaurès">Jean Jaurès</a>, French socialist (d. <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Crosfield" title="Margaret Crosfield">Margaret Crosfield</a>, British palaeontologist, geologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Shikai" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuan Shikai</a>, Chinese dictator (d. <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> <ul><li>William H. Bonney (<a href="/wiki/Billy_The_Kid" class="mw-redirect" title="Billy The Kid">Billy The Kid</a>), American outlaw, gunfighter (d. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._L._Patterson" title="I. L. Patterson">I. L. Patterson</a>, American politician, 18th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Oregon" title="Governor of Oregon">Governor of Oregon</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Loy_McCandless" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Loy McCandless">Lincoln Loy McCandless</a>, Hawaiian politician, rancher (d. <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_19" title="September 19">September 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Pinckney_Wilder" title="Marshall Pinckney Wilder">Marshall Pinckney Wilder</a>, American actor, humorist, comedian and monologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesc_Maci%C3%A0" title="Francesc Macià">Francesc Macià</a>, Catalan politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Radko_Dimitriev" title="Radko Dimitriev">Radko Dimitriev</a>, Bulgarian and Russian general (d. <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Baquerizo" title="Alfredo Baquerizo">Alfredo Baquerizo</a>, 19th President of Ecuador (d. <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December_2"><span id="October.E2.80.93December_2"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Seiberling" title="Frank Seiberling">Frank Seiberling</a>, American inventor, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_%26_Rubber_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company">Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Dreyfus" title="Alfred Dreyfus">Alfred Dreyfus</a>, French military officer, subject of the <a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus affair</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Diana_Abgar" title="Diana Abgar">Diana Abgar</a>, Armenian diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Henri Bergson</a>, French philosopher, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">John Dewey</a>, American philosopher, psychologist and educator (d. <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Globo%C4%8Dnik_Edler_von_Vojka" title="Gustav Globočnik Edler von Vojka">Gustav Globočnik Edler von Vojka</a>, Austro-Hungarian nobleman and field marshal (d. <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Belle_Gunness" title="Belle Gunness">Belle Gunness</a>, born Brynhild Paulsdatter Størseth, Norwegian-born serial killer (d. <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Samsonov" title="Alexander Samsonov">Alexander Samsonov</a>, Russian general (d. <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_C%C3%A9sar_Graziani" title="Jean César Graziani">Jean César Graziani</a>, French general (d. <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hornsrud" title="Christopher Hornsrud">Christopher Hornsrud</a>, 11th prime minister of Norway (d. <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Ippolitov-Ivanov" title="Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov">Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov</a>, Russian composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cass_Gilbert" title="Cass Gilbert">Cass Gilbert</a>, American architect (<a href="/wiki/Woolworth_Building" title="Woolworth Building">Woolworth Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court_building" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court building">United States Supreme Court building</a>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Bliss_Baker" title="William Bliss Baker">William Bliss Baker</a>, American painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Pomeroy" title="Jesse Pomeroy">Jesse Pomeroy</a>, youngest convicted murderer in Massachusetts (d. <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" title="Georges Seurat">Georges Seurat</a>, French painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Jellicoe,_1st_Earl_Jellicoe" title="John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe">John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe</a>, British admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/L._L._Zamenhof" title="L. L. Zamenhof">L. L. Zamenhof</a>, Polish creator of Esperanto (d. <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9sar_Helleu" title="Paul César Helleu">Paul César Helleu</a>, French artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wilmer_W._MacElree" title="Wilmer W. MacElree">Wilmer W. MacElree</a>, American lawyer and author (d. <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Olive_E._Dana" title="Olive E. Dana">Olive E. Dana</a>, American author (d. <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_29" title="December 29">December 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Venustiano_Carranza" title="Venustiano Carranza">Venustiano Carranza</a>, 37th President of Mexico (d. <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_2">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Alinari" title="Vittorio Alinari">Vittorio Alinari</a>, Italian photographer (d. <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Roman_Lewandowski" title="Stanisław Roman Lewandowski">Stanisław Roman Lewandowski</a>, Polish sculptor (d. <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Polonia_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polonia-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Manton_Merrill" title="Margaret Manton Merrill">Margaret Manton Merrill</a>, English-American journalist and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–June"><span id="January.E2.80.93June"></span>January–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: January–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">January 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Schonswar" title="George Schonswar">George Schonswar</a>, British politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1775" title="1775">1775</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallam" title="Henry Hallam">Henry Hallam</a>, English historian (b. <a href="/wiki/1777" title="1777">1777</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/F._J._Robinson,_1st_Viscount_Goderich" title="F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich">F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1782" title="1782">1782</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eliza_Acton" title="Eliza Acton">Eliza Acton</a>, English poet, cookery writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1799" title="1799">1799</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_Barton_Key_II" title="Philip Barton Key II">Philip Barton Key</a>, U.S. <a href="/wiki/District_Attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="District Attorney">District Attorney</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1818" title="1818">1818</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Thackwell" title="Joseph Thackwell">Sir Joseph Thackwell</a>, British army general (b. <a href="/wiki/1781" title="1781">1781</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Alexis de Tocqueville</a>, French historian (b. <a href="/wiki/1805" title="1805">1805</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt" title="Alexander von Humboldt">Alexander von Humboldt</a>, German naturalist and geographer (b. <a href="/wiki/1769" title="1769">1769</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bakht_Khan" title="Bakht Khan">Bakht Khan</a>, commander-in-chief of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> rebel forces in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1797" title="1797">1797</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Klemens_Wenzel_von_Metternich" class="mw-redirect" title="Klemens Wenzel von Metternich">Klemens Wenzel von Metternich</a>, Austrian diplomat (b. <a href="/wiki/1773" title="1773">1773</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ang%C3%A9lique_Br%C3%BBlon" title="Angélique Brûlon">Angélique Brûlon</a>, French soldier, first female Knight of the French Legion of Honour (b. <a href="/wiki/1772" title="1772">1772</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Maria_Pavlovna_of_Russia_(1786%E2%80%931859)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (1786–1859)">Maria Pavlovna, Dowager Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1786" title="1786">1786</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–December"><span id="July.E2.80.93December"></span>July–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: July–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wilhelm_Grimm.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Wilhelm_Grimm.png/110px-Wilhelm_Grimm.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Wilhelm_Grimm.png/165px-Wilhelm_Grimm.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Wilhelm_Grimm.png/220px-Wilhelm_Grimm.png 2x" data-file-width="687" data-file-height="918" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Grimm" title="Wilhelm Grimm">Wilhelm Grimm</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Oscar_I_of_Sweden" title="Oscar I of Sweden">Oscar I of Sweden</a> and Norway (b. <a href="/wiki/1799" title="1799">1799</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_von_Siebold" title="Charlotte von Siebold">Charlotte von Siebold</a>, German gynecologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1788" title="1788">1788</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cathcart,_2nd_Earl_Cathcart" title="Charles Cathcart, 2nd Earl Cathcart">Charles Cathcart, 2nd Earl Cathcart</a>, British army general and colonial administrator (b. <a href="/wiki/1783" title="1783">1783</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_of_Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen" title="Stephanie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen">Stephanie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen_consort_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen consort of Portugal">Queen consort of Portugal</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1837" title="1837">1837</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rush" title="Richard Rush">Richard Rush</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">United States Attorney General</a> under <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">United States Secretary of the Treasury</a> under President <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1780" title="1780">1780</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Horace_Mann" title="Horace Mann">Horace Mann</a>, American educator, abolitionist (b. <a href="/wiki/1796" title="1796">1796</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Vianney" title="John Vianney">John Vianney</a>, French saint known as the <i>Curé de Ars</i> (b. <a href="/wiki/1786" title="1786">1786</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Claiborne" title="Nathaniel Claiborne">Nathaniel Claiborne</a>, U.S. politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1777" title="1777">1777</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leigh_Hunt" title="Leigh Hunt">Leigh Hunt</a>, British critic, essayist (b. <a href="/wiki/1784" title="1784">1784</a>)</li> <li>Sultan <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_of_Morocco" title="Abd al-Rahman of Morocco">Abd al-Rahman of Morocco</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1788" title="1788">1788</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">September 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isambard_Kingdom_Brunel" title="Isambard Kingdom Brunel">Isambard Kingdom Brunel</a>, British engineer (b. <a href="/wiki/1806" title="1806">1806</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_19" title="September 19">September 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Bush_(biblical_scholar)" title="George Bush (biblical scholar)">George Bush (biblical scholar)</a>, American professor of Asian languages (b. <a href="/wiki/1796" title="1796">1796</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ritter" title="Carl Ritter">Carl Ritter</a>, German geographer (b. <a href="/wiki/1779" title="1779">1779</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karl_Baedeker" title="Karl Baedeker">Karl Baedeker</a>, German author, publisher (b. <a href="/wiki/1801" title="1801">1801</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stephenson" title="Robert Stephenson">Robert Stephenson</a>, English civil engineer (b. <a href="/wiki/1803" title="1803">1803</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">October 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Spohr" title="Louis Spohr">Louis Spohr</a>, German violinist, composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1784" title="1784">1784</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Washington Irving</a>, American author (b. <a href="/wiki/1783" title="1783">1783</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a>, American abolitionist (hanged) (b. <a href="/wiki/1800" title="1800">1800</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Quincey" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas de Quincey">Thomas de Quincey</a>, English writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1785" title="1785">1785</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Grimm" title="Wilhelm Grimm">Wilhelm Grimm</a>, German philologist, folklorist (b. <a href="/wiki/1786" title="1786">1786</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190608191655/http://calderon.presidencia.gob.mx/mexico/gobernantes/mexico-1821-actualidad/jose-mariano-salas/">"JOSÉ MARIANO SALAS"</a>. <i>Calderon Presidencia de la Republica</i> (in Spanish). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+Of+Northern+Railway&rft.au=Northern+Railway+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northrail.org%2Fscripts%2Fstatic%2Fhistory.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1859" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://html.rincondelvago.com/venezuela_4.html">http://html.rincondelvago.com/venezuela_4.html</a> Problemas Limítrofes de Venezuela (In Spanish)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrestwich1860" class="citation journal cs1">Prestwich, Joseph (January 1860). 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Honolulu, Hawaii: University Press of the Pacific. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89875-307-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89875-307-3"><bdi>978-0-89875-307-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+childhood+to+university&rft.btitle=Alexander+Popov+Inventor+of+Radio&rft.place=Honolulu%2C+Hawaii&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=University+Press+of+the+Pacific&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-89875-307-3&rft.aulast=Radovsky&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrZZTUZbjYJsC%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1859" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorn-van_Nispen2004" class="citation journal cs1">Horn-van Nispen, Marie-Louise ten (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.waterstaatsgeschiedenis.nl/tijdschrift/2004-2/">"Hendrik Wortman"</a>. <i>Tijdschrift voor Waterstaatsgeschiedenis</i>. <b>13</b> (2). 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