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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizational_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizational_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organizational structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organizational_structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organizational structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organizational_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Special_Forces_Groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_Forces_Groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Special Forces Groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_Forces_Groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battalion_Headquarters_Element_–_SF_Operational_Detachment-C_(SFODC)_composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battalion_Headquarters_Element_–_SF_Operational_Detachment-C_(SFODC)_composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Battalion Headquarters Element – SF Operational Detachment-C (SFODC) composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battalion_Headquarters_Element_–_SF_Operational_Detachment-C_(SFODC)_composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Company_Headquarters_Element_–_SF_Operational_Detachment-B_(SFODB)_composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Company_Headquarters_Element_–_SF_Operational_Detachment-B_(SFODB)_composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Company Headquarters Element – SF Operational Detachment-B (SFODB) composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Company_Headquarters_Element_–_SF_Operational_Detachment-B_(SFODB)_composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basic_Element_–_SF_Operational_Detachment-A_(SFODA)_composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basic_Element_–_SF_Operational_Detachment-A_(SFODA)_composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Basic Element – SF Operational Detachment-A (SFODA) composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basic_Element_–_SF_Operational_Detachment-A_(SFODA)_composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qualifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qualifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Qualifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qualifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selection_and_training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selection_and_training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Selection and training</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Selection_and_training-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Selection and training subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Selection_and_training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Women_in_the_Green_Berets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women_in_the_Green_Berets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Women in the Green Berets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women_in_the_Green_Berets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_Forces_MOS_descriptions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_Forces_MOS_descriptions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Special Forces MOS descriptions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_Forces_MOS_descriptions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uniforms_and_insignia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uniforms_and_insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Uniforms and insignia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uniforms_and_insignia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uniforms and insignia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uniforms_and_insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Green_beret" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Green_beret"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Green beret</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Green_beret-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distinctive_unit_insignia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distinctive_unit_insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Distinctive unit insignia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distinctive_unit_insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shoulder_sleeve_insignia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shoulder_sleeve_insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Shoulder sleeve insignia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shoulder_sleeve_insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_Forces_Tab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_Forces_Tab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Special Forces Tab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_Forces_Tab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Camouflage_pattern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Camouflage_pattern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Camouflage pattern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Camouflage_pattern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yarborough_knife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yarborough_knife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Yarborough knife</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yarborough_knife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vehicles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vehicles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Vehicles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vehicles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_of_the_term_"Special_Forces"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_the_term_"Special_Forces""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Use of the term "Special Forces"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_the_term_"Special_Forces"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_of_the_term_"Operator"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_the_term_"Operator""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Use of the term "Operator"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_the_term_"Operator"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_Units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_Units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Similar Units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_Units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Army Special Forces</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="القوات الخاصة الأمريكية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القوات الخاصة الأمريكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB%C5%9E_Ordusunun_X%C3%BCsusi_t%C9%99yinatl%C4%B1_q%C3%BCvv%C9%99l%C9%99ri" title="ABŞ Ordusunun Xüsusi təyinatlı qüvvələri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="ABŞ Ordusunun Xüsusi təyinatlı qüvvələri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Forces" title="Special Forces – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Special Forces" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelen%C3%A9_barety" title="Zelené barety – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zelené barety" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Special_Forces" title="United States Army Special Forces – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="United States Army Special Forces" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Special_Forces_Command_(Airborne)" title="1st Special Forces Command (Airborne) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1st Special Forces Command (Airborne)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohelised_baretid" title="Rohelised baretid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rohelised baretid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuerzas_Especiales_del_Ej%C3%A9rcito_de_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Fuerzas Especiales del Ejército de los Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fuerzas Especiales del Ejército de los Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87_(%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7)" title="نیروهای ویژه (نیروی زمینی ایالات متحده آمریکا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیروهای ویژه (نیروی زمینی ایالات متحده آمریکا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Forces" title="Special Forces – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Special Forces" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EC%9C%A1%EA%B5%B0_%ED%8A%B9%EC%A0%84%EB%B6%80%EB%8C%80" title="미국 육군 특전부대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 육군 특전부대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%84%D5%86_%D4%B6%D5%88%D5%92_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF_%D5%B6%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80" title="ԱՄՆ ԶՈՒ հատուկ նշանակության զորքեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ԱՄՆ ԶՈՒ հատուկ նշանակության զորքեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specijalne_snage_Vojske_Sjedinjenih_Dr%C5%BEava" title="Specijalne snage Vojske Sjedinjenih Država – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Specijalne snage Vojske Sjedinjenih Država" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Special_Forces" title="United States Army Special Forces – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="United States Army Special Forces" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%97%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%90_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הכוחות המיוחדים של צבא ארצות הברית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הכוחות המיוחדים של צבא ארצות הברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A8-%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AB%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="აშშ-ის არმიის სპეცდანიშნულების ძალები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აშშ-ის არმიის სპეცდანიშნულების ძალები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9A%D0%A8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D1%87%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF" title="АКШ аскеринин атайын багыттагы күчтөрү – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="АКШ аскеринин атайын багыттагы күчтөрү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Special_Forces" title="United States Army Special Forces – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="United States Army Special Forces" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A%E7%BE%A4" title="アメリカ陸軍特殊部隊群 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ陸軍特殊部隊群" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Army_Special_Forces" title="U.S. Army Special Forces – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="U.S. Army Special Forces" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Army_Special_Forces" title="US Army Special Forces – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="US Army Special Forces" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%C3%A7as_Especiais_do_Ex%C3%A9rcito_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Forças Especiais do Exército dos Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Forças Especiais do Exército dos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%C8%9Bele_Armate_Speciale_ale_SUA" title="Forțele Armate Speciale ale SUA – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Forțele Armate Speciale ale SUA" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Силы специального назначения Армии США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Силы специального назначения Армии США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specialne_sile_Kopenske_vojske_Zdru%C5%BEenih_dr%C5%BEav_Amerike" title="Specialne sile Kopenske vojske Združenih držav Amerike – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Specialne sile Kopenske vojske Združenih držav Amerike" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Berets" title="Green Berets – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Green Berets" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Army_Special_Forces" title="U.S. Army Special Forces – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="U.S. Army Special Forces" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88)" title="சிறப்புப் படைகள் (ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கத் தரைப்படை) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிறப்புப் படைகள் (ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கத் தரைப்படை)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" title="หน่วยรบพิเศษกองทัพบกสหรัฐ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หน่วยรบพิเศษกองทัพบกสหรัฐ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri_Ordusu_%C3%96zel_Harek%C3%A2t_Kuvvetleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Ordusu Özel Harekât Kuvvetleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Ordusu Özel Harekât Kuvvetleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%97_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Сили спеціальних операцій армії США – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сили спеціальних операцій армії США" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_nhi%E1%BB%87m_L%E1%BB%A5c_qu%C3%A2n_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Đặc nhiệm Lục quân Hoa Kỳ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đặc nhiệm Lục quân Hoa Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D%E7%89%B9%E7%A8%AE%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="美國陸軍特種部隊 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美國陸軍特種部隊" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Green Berets" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Green_Berets_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Green Berets (disambiguation)">Green Berets (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"United States Special Forces" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/United_States_special_operations_forces" title="United States special operations forces">United States special operations forces</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For broader coverage of this topic, see <a href="/wiki/Special_forces" title="Special forces">Special forces</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">U.S. Army Special Forces</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_-_Special_Forces_Branch_Insignia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/USA_-_Special_Forces_Branch_Insignia.png/200px-USA_-_Special_Forces_Branch_Insignia.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/USA_-_Special_Forces_Branch_Insignia.png/300px-USA_-_Special_Forces_Branch_Insignia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/USA_-_Special_Forces_Branch_Insignia.png/400px-USA_-_Special_Forces_Branch_Insignia.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="945" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Special Forces branch insignia</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>19 June 1952 (10th Group first established)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>9 April 1987 (Special Forces Branch official birthday)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/43px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Special_operations_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Special operations force">Special operations force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unconventional_warfare_(United_States)" title="Unconventional warfare (United States)">Unconventional Warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Internal_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Internal Defense">Foreign Internal Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action_(military)" title="Direct action (military)">Direct Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter_terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter terrorism">Counter terrorism</a><sup id="cite_ref-CTmission_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTmission-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Reconnaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Reconnaissance">Special Reconnaissance</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">7 special forces groups</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1st_Special_Forces_Command_(Airborne)" title="1st Special Forces Command (Airborne)">1st Special Forces Command</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Army Special Operations Command">United States Army Special Operations Command</a><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Special Operations Command">United States Special Operations Command</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fort_Liberty" title="Fort Liberty">Fort Liberty</a>, North Carolina</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Green Berets, Quiet Professionals,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commandos, Soldier-Diplomats, Snake Eaters, Bearded Bastards<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Motto(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/De_oppresso_liber#United_States_Army_tradition" title="De oppresso liber">De Oppresso Liber</a></i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Color of Beret</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#1B4D3E; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Rifle_green" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifle green">Rifle green</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">March</th><td class="infobox-data">"<a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_the_Green_Berets" title="The Ballad of the Green Berets">The Ballad of the Green Berets</a>"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War" title="Dominican Civil War">Dominican Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Eagle_Claw" title="Operation Eagle Claw">Operation Eagle Claw</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Grenada">Operation Urgent Fury</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">Operation Just Cause</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a><br /> • <a href="/wiki/Operation_Restore_Hope" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Restore Hope">Operation Restore Hope</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uphold_Democracy" title="Operation Uphold Democracy">Operation Uphold Democracy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1999_East_Timorese_crisis" title="1999 East Timorese crisis">1999 East Timorese crisis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/War_On_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War On Terror">War On Terror</a><br /> • <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a></li><li> • <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_-_Horn_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Enduring Freedom - Horn of Africa">Operation Enduring Freedom - Horn of Africa</a></li><li> • <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li><li> • <a href="/wiki/War_in_North-West_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="War in North-West Pakistan">War in North-West Pakistan</a></li><li> • <a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">Operation Juniper Shield</a></li><li> • <a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a></li><li> • <a href="/wiki/Operation_Freedom%27s_Sentinel" title="Operation Freedom's Sentinel">Operation Freedom's Sentinel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Atlantic_Resolve" title="Operation Atlantic Resolve">Operation Atlantic Resolve</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.soc.mil/USASFC/HQ.html">www<wbr />.soc<wbr />.mil<wbr />/USASFC<wbr />/HQ<wbr />.html</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>United States Army Special Forces</b> (<b>SF</b>), colloquially known as the "<b>Green Berets</b>" due to their distinctive service <a href="/wiki/Berets_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Berets of the United States Army">headgear</a>, is the <a href="/wiki/Special_operations" title="Special operations">special operations</a> branch of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although technically an Army branch, the Special Forces operates similarly to a functional area (FA), in that individuals may not join its ranks until having served in another Army branch. </p><p>The core missionset of Special Forces contains five doctrinal missions: <a href="/wiki/Unconventional_warfare_(United_States)" title="Unconventional warfare (United States)">unconventional warfare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_internal_defense" title="Foreign internal defense">foreign internal defense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Direct_action_(military)" title="Direct action (military)">direct action</a>, <a href="/wiki/Counterterrorism" title="Counterterrorism">counterterrorism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CTmission_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTmission-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Special_reconnaissance" title="Special reconnaissance">special reconnaissance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SFCoreMissions_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFCoreMissions-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unit emphasizes language, cultural, and training skills in working with foreign troops; recruits are required to learn a foreign language as part of their training and must maintain knowledge of the political, economic, and cultural complexities of the regions in which they are deployed.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Special Forces missions, known as secondary missions, include combat search and rescue (CSAR), <a href="/wiki/War_on_Drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Drugs">counter-narcotics</a>, hostage rescue, <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_assistance" title="Humanitarian assistance">humanitarian assistance</a>, humanitarian <a href="/wiki/Demining" title="Demining">demining</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">peacekeeping</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Manhunt_(military)" title="Manhunt (military)">manhunts</a>. Other components of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Special Operations Command">United States Special Operations Command</a> (USSOCOM) or other U.S. government activities may also specialize in these secondary missions.<sup id="cite_ref-JP3-05_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JP3-05-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Special Forces conduct these missions via five active duty groups, each with a geographic specialization; and two National Guard groups that share multiple geographic areas of responsibility.<sup id="cite_ref-USASOC_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USASOC-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of their operational techniques are <a href="/wiki/Classified_information_in_the_United_States" title="Classified information in the United States">classified</a>, but some nonfiction works<sup id="cite_ref-Waller_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waller-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and doctrinal manuals are available.<sup id="cite_ref-FM3-05_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FM3-05-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FM3-05-102_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FM3-05-102-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JP3-05-5_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JP3-05-5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pbs_frontline_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbs_frontline-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Special Forces have a longstanding and close relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>, tracing their lineage back to the Agency's predecessors in the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services" title="Office of Strategic Services">OSS</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_Special_Service_Force" title="First Special Service Force">First Special Service Force</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>'s (CIA) highly secretive <a href="/wiki/Special_Activities_Center" title="Special Activities Center">Special Activities Center</a>, and more specifically its <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Group_(Central_Intelligence_Agency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Operations Group (Central Intelligence Agency)">Special Operations Group</a> (SOG), recruits from U.S. Army Special Forces.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joint CIA–Army Special Forces operations go back to the unit <a href="/wiki/Military_Assistance_Command,_Vietnam_%E2%80%93_Studies_and_Observations_Group" title="Military Assistance Command, Vietnam – Studies and Observations Group">MACV-SOG</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and were seen as recently as the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">War in Afghanistan</a> (2001–2021).<sup id="cite_ref-haney_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haney-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60_minutes_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60_minutes-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission">Mission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_soldiers_on_horseback_2001_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/US_soldiers_on_horseback_2001_Afghanistan.jpg/220px-US_soldiers_on_horseback_2001_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/US_soldiers_on_horseback_2001_Afghanistan.jpg/330px-US_soldiers_on_horseback_2001_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/US_soldiers_on_horseback_2001_Afghanistan.jpg/440px-US_soldiers_on_horseback_2001_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Special Forces soldiers from Task Force Dagger and <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rashid_Dostum" title="Abdul Rashid Dostum">Commander Dostum</a> on horseback in the Dari-a-Souf Valley, Afghanistan, circa October 2001.</figcaption></figure> <p>The primary mission of the Army Special Forces is to train and lead unconventional warfare (UW) forces, or a clandestine guerrilla force in an occupied nation.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 10th Special Forces Group was the first deployed SF unit, intended to train and lead UW forces behind enemy lines in the event of a <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a> invasion of Western Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the U.S. became involved in Southeast Asia, it was realized that specialists trained to lead guerrillas could also help defend against hostile guerrillas, so SF acquired the additional mission of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Internal_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Internal Defense">Foreign Internal Defense</a> (FID), working with Host Nation (HN) forces in a spectrum of <a href="/wiki/Counter-guerrilla_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-guerrilla warfare">counter-guerrilla</a> activities from indirect support to combat command.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Special Forces personnel qualify both in advanced military skills and the regional languages and cultures of defined parts of the world. While they are best known for their unconventional warfare capabilities, they also undertake other missions that include direct action raids, peace operations, counter-proliferation, counter-drug advisory roles, and other strategic missions.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As strategic resources, they report either to USSOCOM or to a regional <a href="/wiki/Unified_Combatant_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified Combatant Command">Unified Combatant Command</a>. To enhance their DA capability, specific units were created with a focus on the direct action side of special operations. First known as Commander's In-extremis Force, then Crisis Response Forces, they are now supplanted by Hard-Target Defeat companies which have been renamed Critical Threats Advisory Companies.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SF team members work closely together and rely on one another under isolated circumstances for long periods of time, both during extended deployments and in garrison. SF <a href="/wiki/Non-commissioned_officer" title="Non-commissioned officer">non-commissioned officers</a> (NCO) often spend their entire careers in Special Forces, rotating among assignments to detachments, higher staff <a href="/wiki/Billet" title="Billet">billets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liaison_officer" title="Liaison officer">liaison positions</a>, and instructor duties at the U.S. Army <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Special_Warfare_Center_and_School" title="John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School">John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School</a>. With the creation of USSOCOM, SF commanders have risen to the highest ranks of U.S. Army command, including command of <a href="/wiki/USSOCOM" class="mw-redirect" title="USSOCOM">USSOCOM</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Army's Chief of Staff</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Army_Special_Forces" title="History of the United States Army Special Forces">History of the United States Army Special Forces</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Project_video_camera.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Crystal_Project_video_camera.png/50px-Crystal_Project_video_camera.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Crystal_Project_video_camera.png/75px-Crystal_Project_video_camera.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Crystal_Project_video_camera.png/100px-Crystal_Project_video_camera.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army-The_Big_Picture-Phantom_Fighters-circa_1959.ogv" title="File:US Army-The Big Picture-Phantom Fighters-circa 1959.ogv">U.S. Army reveals the existence of the Special Forces in Europe, circa 1959</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/US_Army-The_Big_Picture-Phantom_Fighters-circa_1959.ogv/232px--US_Army-The_Big_Picture-Phantom_Fighters-circa_1959.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" height="174" data-durationhint="1639" data-mwtitle="US_Army-The_Big_Picture-Phantom_Fighters-circa_1959.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/US_Army-The_Big_Picture-Phantom_Fighters-circa_1959.ogv/US_Army-The_Big_Picture-Phantom_Fighters-circa_1959.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/US_Army-The_Big_Picture-Phantom_Fighters-circa_1959.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/US_Army-The_Big_Picture-Phantom_Fighters-circa_1959.ogv/US_Army-The_Big_Picture-Phantom_Fighters-circa_1959.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/US_Army-The_Big_Picture-Phantom_Fighters-circa_1959.ogv/US_Army-The_Big_Picture-Phantom_Fighters-circa_1959.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Special_Operations_Forces_(1984).webm" title="File:Special Operations Forces (1984).webm">Special Operations overview, circa 1984</a> (<span class="duration"><span class="min">51</span>:<span class="s">52</span></span>)</div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Special_Operations_Forces_%281984%29.webm/232px--Special_Operations_Forces_%281984%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" height="131" data-durationhint="3112" data-mwtitle="Special_Operations_Forces_(1984).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Special_Operations_Forces_%281984%29.webm/Special_Operations_Forces_%281984%29.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Special_Operations_Forces_%281984%29.webm/Special_Operations_Forces_%281984%29.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Special_Operations_Forces_%281984%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Special_Operations_Forces_%281984%29.webm/Special_Operations_Forces_%281984%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Special_Operations_Forces_%281984%29.webm/Special_Operations_Forces_%281984%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Special_Operations_Forces_%281984%29.webm/Special_Operations_Forces_%281984%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div></div></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ODA525.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/ODA525.jpg/220px-ODA525.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/ODA525.jpg/330px-ODA525.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/ODA525.jpg/440px-ODA525.jpg 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>ODA 525 team picture taken shortly before infiltration in <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Iraq</a>, February 1991</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colonel_Benjamin_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Colonel_Benjamin_Church.jpg/220px-Colonel_Benjamin_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Colonel_Benjamin_Church.jpg/330px-Colonel_Benjamin_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Colonel_Benjamin_Church.jpg/440px-Colonel_Benjamin_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Church_(ranger)" title="Benjamin Church (ranger)">Colonel Benjamin Church</a> (1639–1718) father of American Ranging and Rangers. He's in the U.S. Army Ranger Hall of Fame and has A bronze <a href="/wiki/Ranger_Tab" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranger Tab">Ranger Tab</a> affixed to his gravestone.</figcaption></figure> <p>Between the 17th and 18th centuries, there were wars between American colonists and Native American tribes. Benjamin Church designed his force primarily to emulate Native American patterns of war. Toward this end, Church endeavored to learn to fight like Native Americans from Native Americans. He was the captain of the first Ranger force in America (1676). In 1716, his memoirs, entitled <i>Entertaining Passages relating to Philip's War</i>, was published and is considered by some to constitute the first American military manual and guides to unconventional warfare.<sup id="cite_ref-Grenier2005_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grenier2005-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Special Forces traces its roots as the Army's premier proponent of unconventional warfare and took elements from purpose-formed special operations units like the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Rangers" title="United States Army Rangers">United States Army Rangers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunters_ROTC" title="Hunters ROTC">Hunters ROTC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alamo_Scouts" title="Alamo Scouts">Alamo Scouts</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Special_Service_Force" title="First Special Service Force">First Special Service Force</a>, and the Operational Groups of the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services" title="Office of Strategic Services">Office of Strategic Services</a> (OSS). Although the OSS was not an Army organization, many Army personnel were assigned to the OSS and later used their experiences to influence the forming of Special Forces. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, individuals such as former commanders Col. <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Fertig" title="Wendell Fertig">Wendell Fertig</a> and Lt. Col. <a href="/wiki/Russell_W._Volckmann" title="Russell W. Volckmann">Russell W. Volckmann</a> used their wartime experience to formulate the doctrine of unconventional warfare that became the cornerstone of the Special Forces.<sup id="cite_ref-usasf_hist_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usasf_hist-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1951, Major General <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._McClure" title="Robert A. McClure">Robert A. McClure</a> chose former OSS member Colonel <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Bank" title="Aaron Bank">Aaron Bank</a> as Operations Branch Chief of the Special Operations Division of the Psychological Warfare Staff in the Pentagon.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bank_bio_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bank_bio-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1952, the 10th Special Forces Group (Airborne) was formed under Col. Aaron Bank, soon after the establishment of the Psychological Warfare School, which eventually became <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Special_Warfare_Center_and_School" title="John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School">John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School</a>. The 10th Special Forces Group (Airborne) was split, with the cadre that kept the designation 10th SFG deployed to <a href="/wiki/Bad_T%C3%B6lz" title="Bad Tölz">Bad Tölz</a>, Germany, in September 1953. The remaining cadre at Fort Bragg (now <a href="/wiki/Fort_Liberty" title="Fort Liberty">Fort Liberty</a>) formed the 77th Special Forces Group, which in May 1960 was reorganized and designated as today's 7th Special Forces Group.<sup id="cite_ref-usasf_hist_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usasf_hist-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since their establishment in 1952, Special Forces soldiers have operated in <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam</a>, Cambodia, Laos, North Vietnam, Guatemala, Nicaragua, <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">Panama</a>, Haiti, Somalia, Bosnia, Kosovo, <a href="/wiki/1st_Gulf_War" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Gulf War">1st Gulf War</a>, <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq</a>, the Philippines, <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">Yemen</a>, Niger and, in an FID role, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Horn_of_Africa" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa">East Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-arsof_timeline_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arsof_timeline-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Special Forces branch was established as a basic branch of the United States Army on 9 April 1987 by Department of the Army General Order No. 35.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizational_structure">Organizational structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Organizational structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_1st_Special_Forces_Command_Flash.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/US_Army_1st_Special_Forces_Command_Flash.png/40px-US_Army_1st_Special_Forces_Command_Flash.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/US_Army_1st_Special_Forces_Command_Flash.png/60px-US_Army_1st_Special_Forces_Command_Flash.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/US_Army_1st_Special_Forces_Command_Flash.png/80px-US_Army_1st_Special_Forces_Command_Flash.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="450" /></a></span> <b><big><a href="/wiki/1st_Special_Forces_Command_(Airborne)" title="1st Special Forces Command (Airborne)">1st Special Forces Command (Airborne)</a></big></b></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_Special_Forces_Command_(Airborne)_Organization.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/US_Army_Special_Forces_Command_%28Airborne%29_Organization.png/900px-US_Army_Special_Forces_Command_%28Airborne%29_Organization.png" decoding="async" width="900" height="502" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/US_Army_Special_Forces_Command_%28Airborne%29_Organization.png/1350px-US_Army_Special_Forces_Command_%28Airborne%29_Organization.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/US_Army_Special_Forces_Command_%28Airborne%29_Organization.png 2x" data-file-width="1381" data-file-height="771" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_Forces_Groups">Special Forces Groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Special Forces Groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seven_Green_berets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Seven_Green_berets.jpg/220px-Seven_Green_berets.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Seven_Green_berets.jpg/330px-Seven_Green_berets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Seven_Green_berets.jpg/440px-Seven_Green_berets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3758" data-file-height="2549" /></a><figcaption>Soldiers from each of the Army's seven Special Forces Groups (beret patches, l. to r., of <a href="/wiki/1st_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="1st Special Forces Group (United States)">1st</a>, <a href="/wiki/5th_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="5th Special Forces Group (United States)">5th</a>, <a href="/wiki/7th_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="7th Special Forces Group (United States)">7th</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="10th Special Forces Group (United States)">10th</a>, <a href="/wiki/19th_Special_Forces_Group" title="19th Special Forces Group">19th</a>, <a href="/wiki/20th_Special_Forces_Group" title="20th Special Forces Group">20th</a> and <a href="/wiki/3rd_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="3rd Special Forces Group (United States)">3rd SFG</a>) at the gravesite of President John F. Kennedy in November 2011.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_160th_SOAR_deploy_7th_SFG_to_US_submarine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/US_Army_160th_SOAR_deploy_7th_SFG_to_US_submarine.jpg/220px-US_Army_160th_SOAR_deploy_7th_SFG_to_US_submarine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/US_Army_160th_SOAR_deploy_7th_SFG_to_US_submarine.jpg/330px-US_Army_160th_SOAR_deploy_7th_SFG_to_US_submarine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/US_Army_160th_SOAR_deploy_7th_SFG_to_US_submarine.jpg/440px-US_Army_160th_SOAR_deploy_7th_SFG_to_US_submarine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="653" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/MH-60L" class="mw-redirect" title="MH-60L">MH-60L</a> from <a href="/wiki/160th_SOAR" class="mw-redirect" title="160th SOAR">160th SOAR</a> deploys an ODA from 7th SFG(A) on board a U.S. submarine for a joint exercise</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1957 the two original special forces groups (10th and 77th) were joined by the 1st SFG, stationed in the Far East. Additional groups were formed in 1961 and 1962 after President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> visited the Special Forces at Fort Bragg in 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETsouras199491_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETsouras199491-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 5th SFG was activated on 21 September 1961; the 8th SFG on 1 April 1963; the 6th SFG on 1 May 1963; and the 3rd SFG on 5 December 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-army_lineage_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-army_lineage-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, there have been seven Reserve groups (2nd SFG, 9th SFG, 11th SFG, 12th SFG, 13th SFG, 17th SFG, and 24th SFG) and four National Guard groups (16th SFG, 19th SFG, 20th SFG, and 21st SFG). A 4th SFG, 14th SFG, 15th SFG, 18th SFG, 22nd SFG, and 23rd SFG were in existence at some point.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahonRomana1972[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid4sNHAQAAIAAJpgPA889_889]_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahonRomana1972[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid4sNHAQAAIAAJpgPA889_889]-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these groups were not fully staffed and most were deactivated around 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early twenty-first century, Special Forces are divided into five <a href="/wiki/Active_duty" title="Active duty">active duty</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Army_National_Guard" title="Army National Guard">Army National Guard</a> (ARNG) Special Forces groups. Each Special Forces Group (SFG) has a specific regional focus. The Special Forces soldiers assigned to these groups receive intensive language and cultural training for countries within their regional area of responsibility.<sup id="cite_ref-USASFC_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USASFC-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the increased need for Special Forces soldiers in the <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">War on Terror</a>, all groups—including those of the National Guard (19th and 20th SFGs)—have been deployed outside of their areas of operation, particularly to <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. A recently released report showed Special Forces as perhaps the most deployed SOF under USSOCOM, with many soldiers, regardless of group, serving up to 75% of their careers overseas, almost all of which had been to Iraq and Afghanistan.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Until 2014, an SF group has consisted of three <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalions</a>, but since the Department of Defense has authorized the <a href="/wiki/1st_Special_Forces_Command_(Airborne)" title="1st Special Forces Command (Airborne)">1st Special Forces Command</a> to increase its authorized strength by one third, a fourth battalion was activated in each active component group.<sup id="cite_ref-arsof_2022_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arsof_2022-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1st_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Current structure of the 1st SFG (A)"><img alt="Current structure of the 1st SFG (A)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/1st_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG/120px-1st_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/1st_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG/180px-1st_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/1st_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG/240px-1st_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3071" data-file-height="1842" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Current structure of the 1st SFG (A)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3rd_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Current structure of the 3rd SFG (A)"><img alt="Current structure of the 3rd SFG (A)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/3rd_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG/120px-3rd_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/3rd_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG/180px-3rd_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/3rd_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG/240px-3rd_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3071" data-file-height="1842" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Current structure of the 3rd SFG (A)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:5h_Special_Forces_Group_-_4_battalions.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Current structure of the 5th SFG (A)"><img alt="Current structure of the 5th SFG (A)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/5h_Special_Forces_Group_-_4_battalions.jpg/120px-5h_Special_Forces_Group_-_4_battalions.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/5h_Special_Forces_Group_-_4_battalions.jpg/180px-5h_Special_Forces_Group_-_4_battalions.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/5h_Special_Forces_Group_-_4_battalions.jpg/240px-5h_Special_Forces_Group_-_4_battalions.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3071" data-file-height="1842" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Current structure of the 5th SFG (A)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:7th_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Current structure of the 7th SFG (A)"><img alt="Current structure of the 7th SFG (A)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/7th_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG/120px-7th_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/7th_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG/180px-7th_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/7th_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG/240px-7th_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3071" data-file-height="1842" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Current structure of the 7th SFG (A)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:10th_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Current structure of the 10th SFG (A)"><img alt="Current structure of the 10th SFG (A)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/10th_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG/120px-10th_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/10th_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG/180px-10th_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/10th_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG/240px-10th_Special_Forces_Group_-_New_4-digit_numbers_ODA.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3071" data-file-height="1842" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Current structure of the 10th SFG (A)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20th_Special_Operations_Group_-_New_nomenclature.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Current structure of the 20th SFG (A) (ARNG)"><img alt="Current structure of the 20th SFG (A) (ARNG)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/20th_Special_Operations_Group_-_New_nomenclature.JPG/120px-20th_Special_Operations_Group_-_New_nomenclature.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/20th_Special_Operations_Group_-_New_nomenclature.JPG/180px-20th_Special_Operations_Group_-_New_nomenclature.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/20th_Special_Operations_Group_-_New_nomenclature.JPG/240px-20th_Special_Operations_Group_-_New_nomenclature.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2835" data-file-height="1890" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Current structure of the 20th SFG (A) (ARNG)</div> </li> </ul> <p>A Special Forces group is historically assigned to a <a href="/wiki/Unified_Combatant_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified Combatant Command">Unified Combatant Command</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Theater_(warfare)" title="Theater (warfare)">theater of operations</a>. The Special Forces Operational Detachment C or C-detachment (SFODC) is responsible for a theater or a major subcomponent, which can provide command and control of up to 18 SFODAs, three SFODB, or a mixture of the two. Subordinate to it is the Special Forces Operational Detachment Bs or B-detachments (SFODB), which can provide command and control for six SFODAs. Further subordinate, the SFODAs typically raise company- to battalion-sized units when on unconventional warfare missions. They can form six-man "split A" detachments that are often used for <a href="/wiki/Special_reconnaissance" title="Special reconnaissance">special reconnaissance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-structure_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-structure-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 1em; padding: 0.5em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#efefef;"> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_beret_flash" title="United States military beret flash">Beret Flash</a></th> <th>Group </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1sfg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/1sfg.png/40px-1sfg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/1sfg.png/60px-1sfg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/1sfg.png/80px-1sfg.png 2x" data-file-width="114" data-file-height="133" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1st_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="1st Special Forces Group (United States)">1st Special Forces Group</a></b> – Headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Joint_Base_Lewis%E2%80%93McChord" title="Joint Base Lewis–McChord">Joint Base Lewis–McChord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> along with its 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Battalions, its 1st Battalion is forward deployed at <a href="/wiki/Torii_Station" title="Torii Station">Torii Station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa</a>. The 1st SFG(A) is oriented towards the Pacific region, and is often tasked by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Pacific_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Pacific Command">PACOM</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3sfg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/3sfg.svg/40px-3sfg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/3sfg.svg/60px-3sfg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/3sfg.svg/80px-3sfg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="110" data-file-height="133" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/3rd_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="3rd Special Forces Group (United States)">3rd Special Forces Group</a></b> – Headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Liberty" title="Fort Liberty">Fort Liberty, North Carolina</a>. The 3rd SFG(A) is theoretically oriented towards all of <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a> with the exception of the Eastern <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a>, i.e. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">United States Africa Command</a> (AFRICOM). </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:5th_SFG_Beret_Flash.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/5th_SFG_Beret_Flash.png/40px-5th_SFG_Beret_Flash.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/5th_SFG_Beret_Flash.png/60px-5th_SFG_Beret_Flash.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/5th_SFG_Beret_Flash.png/80px-5th_SFG_Beret_Flash.png 2x" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/5th_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="5th Special Forces Group (United States)">5th Special Forces Group</a></b> – Headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Campbell" title="Fort Campbell">Fort Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>. The 5th SFG(A) is oriented towards the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a> (HOA), and is frequently tasked by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">CENTCOM</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:7th_Special_Forces_Group.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/7th_Special_Forces_Group.svg/40px-7th_Special_Forces_Group.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/7th_Special_Forces_Group.svg/60px-7th_Special_Forces_Group.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/7th_Special_Forces_Group.svg/80px-7th_Special_Forces_Group.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="111" data-file-height="133" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/7th_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="7th Special Forces Group (United States)">7th Special Forces Group</a></b> – Headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Eglin_Air_Force_Base" title="Eglin Air Force Base">Eglin Air Force Base</a>, Florida. The 7th SFG(A) is oriented towards the western hemisphere: the land mass of <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> south of <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, the waters adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a>—with its 13 island nations, European and U.S. territories—the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>, and a portion of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> (i.e. the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Southern_Command" title="United States Southern Command">USSOUTHCOM</a> AOR and a little more). Although not aligned, the 7SFG(A) has also supported <a href="/wiki/United_States_Northern_Command" title="United States Northern Command">USNORTHCOM</a> activities within the western hemisphere. </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_-_10th_Special_Forces_Flash.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/USA_-_10th_Special_Forces_Flash.svg/40px-USA_-_10th_Special_Forces_Flash.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/USA_-_10th_Special_Forces_Flash.svg/60px-USA_-_10th_Special_Forces_Flash.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/USA_-_10th_Special_Forces_Flash.svg/80px-USA_-_10th_Special_Forces_Flash.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="111" data-file-height="133" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/10th_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="10th Special Forces Group (United States)">10th Special Forces Group</a></b> – Headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Carson" title="Fort Carson">Fort Carson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> along with its 2nd, 3rd and newly added 4th Battalions, its 1st Battalion is forward deployed in the <a href="/wiki/Panzer_Kaserne" title="Panzer Kaserne">Panzer Kaserne</a> (Panzer Barracks) in <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6blingen" title="Böblingen">Böblingen</a> near <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>, Germany. The 10th SFG(A) is theoretically oriented towards <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, mainly <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">Northern Africa</a>, i.e. <a href="/wiki/United_States_European_Command" title="United States European Command">EUCOM</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:19sfg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/19sfg.png/40px-19sfg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/19sfg.png/60px-19sfg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/19sfg.png/80px-19sfg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="216" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/19th_Special_Forces_Group" title="19th Special Forces Group">19th Special Forces Group</a></b> – One of two <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Guard">National Guard</a> Special Forces Groups. Headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Draper,_Utah" title="Draper, Utah">Draper, Utah</a>, with companies in <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, the 19th SFG(A) is oriented towards <a href="/wiki/Western_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Asia">Southwest Asia</a> (shared with 5th SFG(A)), <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> (shared with 10th SFG(A)), as well as <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> (shared with 1st SFG(A)). </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20th_Special_Forces_Group_flash.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/20th_Special_Forces_Group_flash.png/40px-20th_Special_Forces_Group_flash.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/20th_Special_Forces_Group_flash.png/60px-20th_Special_Forces_Group_flash.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/20th_Special_Forces_Group_flash.png/80px-20th_Special_Forces_Group_flash.png 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/20th_Special_Forces_Group" title="20th Special Forces Group">20th Special Forces Group</a></b> – One of two <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Guard">National Guard</a> Special Forces Groups. Headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a>, with battalions in Alabama (1st Battalion), <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> (2nd Battalion), and <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> (3rd Battalion), with assigned Companies and Detachments in <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>; <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a>; <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a>; <a href="/wiki/Western_Massachusetts" title="Western Massachusetts">Western Massachusetts</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore, Maryland</a>. The 20th SFG(A) has an area of responsibility (AOR) covering 32 countries, including <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> south of <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, the waters, territories, and nations in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>, and the southwestern <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>. Orientation towards the region is shared with 7th SFG(A). </td></tr> <tr style="background:#efefef;"> <th></th> <th>Inactive Groups </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:6sfg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/6sfg.png/40px-6sfg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/6sfg.png/60px-6sfg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/6sfg.png/80px-6sfg.png 2x" data-file-width="377" data-file-height="452" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Special Forces Group (United States) (page does not exist)">6th Special Forces Group</a></b> – Active from 1963 to 1971. Based at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Bragg,_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Bragg, North Carolina">Fort Bragg, North Carolina</a> (renamed Fort Liberty in 2023). Assigned to <a href="/wiki/Western_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Asia">Southwest Asia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, etc.) and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. Many of the 103 original <a href="/wiki/Son_tay_raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Son tay raid">Son tay raider</a> volunteers were from 6SFGA. </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_8th_SFG_beret_flash.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/US_Army_8th_SFG_beret_flash.svg/40px-US_Army_8th_SFG_beret_flash.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/US_Army_8th_SFG_beret_flash.svg/60px-US_Army_8th_SFG_beret_flash.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/US_Army_8th_SFG_beret_flash.svg/80px-US_Army_8th_SFG_beret_flash.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="162" data-file-height="194" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/8th_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="8th Special Forces Group (United States)">8th Special Forces Group</a></b> – Active from 1963 to 1972. Responsible for training armies of <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> in <a href="/wiki/Counterinsurgency" title="Counterinsurgency">counterinsurgency</a> tactics. </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:11thSFG_Flash.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/11thSFG_Flash.png/40px-11thSFG_Flash.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/11thSFG_Flash.png/60px-11thSFG_Flash.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/11thSFG_Flash.png/80px-11thSFG_Flash.png 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Special Forces Group (United States) (page does not exist)">11th Special Forces Group</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserve" title="United States Army Reserve">U.S. Army Reserve</a>) – Active from 1961 to 1994. </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:12SFG_beret_flash.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/12SFG_beret_flash.svg/40px-12SFG_beret_flash.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/12SFG_beret_flash.svg/60px-12SFG_beret_flash.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/12SFG_beret_flash.svg/80px-12SFG_beret_flash.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/12th_Special_Forces_Group" title="12th Special Forces Group">12th Special Forces Group</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserve" title="United States Army Reserve">U.S. Army Reserve</a>) – Active from 1961 to 1994. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battalion_Headquarters_Element_–_SF_Operational_Detachment-C_(SFODC)_composition"><span id="Battalion_Headquarters_Element_.E2.80.93_SF_Operational_Detachment-C_.28SFODC.29_composition"></span>Battalion Headquarters Element – SF Operational Detachment-C (SFODC) composition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Battalion Headquarters Element – SF Operational Detachment-C (SFODC) composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SFODC, or "C-Team", is the headquarters element of a Special Forces battalion. As such, it is a <a href="/wiki/Command_and_control" title="Command and control">command and control</a> unit with operations, training, signals, and logistic support responsibilities to its three subordinate line companies. A <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">lieutenant colonel</a> commands the battalion as well as the C-Team, and the Battalion <a href="/wiki/Command_sergeant_major" title="Command sergeant major">Command Sergeant Major</a> is the senior NCO of the battalion and the C-Team. There are an additional 20–30 SF personnel who fill key positions in operations, logistics, intelligence, communications, and medical. A Special Forces battalion usually consists of four companies: "A", "B", "C", and Headquarters/Support.<sup id="cite_ref-fox_pbs_interview_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fox_pbs_interview-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ARSOFNumbering_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARSOFNumbering-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Company_Headquarters_Element_–_SF_Operational_Detachment-B_(SFODB)_composition"><span id="Company_Headquarters_Element_.E2.80.93_SF_Operational_Detachment-B_.28SFODB.29_composition"></span>Company Headquarters Element – SF Operational Detachment-B (SFODB) composition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Company Headquarters Element – SF Operational Detachment-B (SFODB) composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Special_Forces_commander_meets_with_village_elders_Afghanistan_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Special_Forces_commander_meets_with_village_elders_Afghanistan_2007.jpg/220px-Special_Forces_commander_meets_with_village_elders_Afghanistan_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Special_Forces_commander_meets_with_village_elders_Afghanistan_2007.jpg/330px-Special_Forces_commander_meets_with_village_elders_Afghanistan_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Special_Forces_commander_meets_with_village_elders_Afghanistan_2007.jpg/440px-Special_Forces_commander_meets_with_village_elders_Afghanistan_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1643" data-file-height="1088" /></a><figcaption>A SF company commander in <a href="/wiki/Universal_Camouflage_Pattern" title="Universal Camouflage Pattern">Universal Camouflage Pattern</a> meets with elders and members of the 209th <a href="/wiki/Afghan_National_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan National Army">ANA</a> Corps in Helmand Province, Afghanistan, circa 2007</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Special_Forces_Medic_in_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Special_Forces_Medic_in_Afghanistan.jpg/220px-Special_Forces_Medic_in_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Special_Forces_Medic_in_Afghanistan.jpg/330px-Special_Forces_Medic_in_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Special_Forces_Medic_in_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="437" /></a><figcaption>A soldier from A Co, 1st Bn, 7th SFG(A) gives an <a href="/wiki/Afghans" title="Afghans">Afghan</a> boy a coloring book in <a href="/wiki/Kandahar_Province" title="Kandahar Province">Kandahar Province</a> during a meeting with local leaders, circa 2008</figcaption></figure> <p>The ODB, or "B-Team", is the headquarters element of a Special Forces company, and it is usually composed of 11–13 soldiers. While the A-team typically conducts direct operations, the purpose of the B-Team is to support the company's A-Teams both in garrison and in the field.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The B-Teams are numbered similarly to A-Teams (see below), but the fourth number in the sequence is a 0. For example, ODB 5210 would be 5th Special Forces Group, 2nd Battalion, A Company's ODB.<sup id="cite_ref-ARSOFNumbering_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARSOFNumbering-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ODB is led by an 18A, usually a major, who is the <a href="/wiki/Company_commander" class="mw-redirect" title="Company commander">company commander</a> (CO). The CO is assisted by his company <a href="/wiki/Executive_officer" title="Executive officer">executive officer</a> (XO), another 18A, usually a captain. The XO is himself assisted by a company technician, a 180A, generally, a <a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer_(United_States)" title="Warrant officer (United States)">chief warrant officer</a> three, who assists in the direction of the organization, training, intelligence, counter-intelligence, and operations for the company and its detachments. The company commander is assisted by a senior non-commissioned officer, an 18Z, usually a <a href="/wiki/Sergeant_major" title="Sergeant major">sergeant major</a>. A second 18Z acts as the operations sergeant, usually a <a href="/wiki/Master_sergeant" title="Master sergeant">master sergeant</a>, who assists the XO and technician in their operational duties. He has an 18F assistant operations sergeant, who is usually a <a href="/wiki/Sergeant_first_class" title="Sergeant first class">sergeant first class</a>. The company's support comes from an 18D medical sergeant, usually a sergeant first class, and two 18E communications sergeants, usually a sergeant first class and a <a href="/wiki/Staff_sergeant" title="Staff sergeant">staff sergeant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-structure_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-structure-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Support positions as part of the ODB/B Team within an SF Company are as follows: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Military_supply_chain_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Military supply chain management">supply</a> NCO, usually a Staff Sergeant, the commander's principal logistical planner, works with the battalion <a href="/wiki/S4_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="S4 (military)">S-4</a> to supply the company.</li> <li>The Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear (<a href="/wiki/CBRN_defense" title="CBRN defense">CBRN defense</a>) NCO, usually a Sergeant, maintains and operates the company's NBC detection and decontamination equipment, and assists in administering NBC defensive measures.</li> <li>Other jobs can also exist depending on the B-Team structure. Specialist team members can include I.T. (S-6) personnel, and <a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">Military Intelligence</a> Soldiers, including <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_analysis" title="Intelligence analysis">Intelligence Analysts</a> (35F), <a href="/wiki/Human_intelligence_(intelligence_gathering)" title="Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)">Human Intelligence</a> Collectors (35M), <a href="/wiki/Signals_intelligence" title="Signals intelligence">Signals Intelligence</a> (35 N/P - also known as <a href="/wiki/SOT-A" title="SOT-A">SOT-A</a> and SOT-B as related to their positions on SFODA and SFODB teams), Intelligence Officers (35 D/E/F), and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Counterintelligence" title="United States Army Counterintelligence">Counterintelligence Special Agents</a> (35L/351L).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basic_Element_–_SF_Operational_Detachment-A_(SFODA)_composition"><span id="Basic_Element_.E2.80.93_SF_Operational_Detachment-A_.28SFODA.29_composition"></span><span class="anchor" id="ODA"></span> Basic Element – SF Operational Detachment-A (SFODA) composition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Basic Element – SF Operational Detachment-A (SFODA) composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Special Forces company normally consists of six Operational Detachments-A (ODA or "A-Teams").<sup id="cite_ref-shooters_thinkers_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shooters_thinkers-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each ODA specializes in an infiltration skill or a particular mission-set (e.g. <a href="/wiki/High-altitude_military_parachuting" title="High-altitude military parachuting">military free fall</a> (HALO), <a href="/wiki/Combat_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat diving">combat diving</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mountain_warfare" title="Mountain warfare">mountain warfare</a>, maritime operations, etc.). Each ODA Team's number is unique. Prior to 2007, number typically consisted of three digits reflecting the Group, the specific ODB within the battalion, and the specific ODA within the company.<sup id="cite_ref-ARSOFNumbering_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARSOFNumbering-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting in 2007, though, the number sequence was changed to a four-digit format. The first digit would specify group (1=1st SFG, 3=3rd SFG, 5=5th SF, 7=7th SFG, 0=10th SFG, 9=19th SFG, 2=20th SFG). The second digit would be 1-4 for 1st through 4th Battalion. The third digit would be 1-3 for A to C Companies. The fourth digit would be 1-6 for the particular team within that company. For example, ODA 1234 would signify the fourth ODA in Charlie Company, 2nd Battalion, 1st Special Forces Group.<sup id="cite_ref-ARSOFNumbering_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARSOFNumbering-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An ODA consists of 12 soldiers, each of whom has a specific function (MOS or <a href="/wiki/Military_Occupational_Specialty" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Occupational Specialty">Military Occupational Specialty</a>) on the team; however, all members of an ODA conduct <a href="/wiki/Cross-training_(business)" title="Cross-training (business)">cross-training</a>. The ODA is led by an 18A (Detachment Commander), a <a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States_O-3)" title="Captain (United States O-3)">captain</a>, and a 180A (Assistant Detachment Commander) who is their second in command, usually a <a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrant Officer (United States)">Warrant Officer</a> One or Chief Warrant Officer Two. The team also includes the following enlisted soldiers: one 18Z (Operations Sergeant) (known as the "Team Sergeant"), usually a Master Sergeant, one 18F (Assistant Operations and Intelligence Sergeant), usually a Sergeant First Class, and two each, 18Bs (Weapons Sergeant), 18Cs (Engineer Sergeant), 18Ds (Medical Sergeant), and 18Es (Communications Sergeant), usually Sergeants First Class, Staff Sergeants, or Sergeants. This organization facilitates 6-man "split team" operations, redundancy, and mentoring between a senior NCO and their junior assistant.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Qualifications">Qualifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Qualifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Special_Forces_candidate_and_several_role_players_conduct_planning_during_ROBIN_SAGE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/A_Special_Forces_candidate_and_several_role_players_conduct_planning_during_ROBIN_SAGE.jpg/220px-A_Special_Forces_candidate_and_several_role_players_conduct_planning_during_ROBIN_SAGE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/A_Special_Forces_candidate_and_several_role_players_conduct_planning_during_ROBIN_SAGE.jpg/330px-A_Special_Forces_candidate_and_several_role_players_conduct_planning_during_ROBIN_SAGE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/A_Special_Forces_candidate_and_several_role_players_conduct_planning_during_ROBIN_SAGE.jpg/440px-A_Special_Forces_candidate_and_several_role_players_conduct_planning_during_ROBIN_SAGE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2478" data-file-height="1982" /></a><figcaption>A Special Forces candidate conducts a pre-mission rehearsal with role-playing guerrilla fighters during ROBIN SAGE.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C-130J_HALO_jump_140422-F-RH756-417.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/C-130J_HALO_jump_140422-F-RH756-417.jpg/220px-C-130J_HALO_jump_140422-F-RH756-417.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/C-130J_HALO_jump_140422-F-RH756-417.jpg/330px-C-130J_HALO_jump_140422-F-RH756-417.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/C-130J_HALO_jump_140422-F-RH756-417.jpg/440px-C-130J_HALO_jump_140422-F-RH756-417.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4292" data-file-height="2857" /></a><figcaption>Soldiers from 1st Special Forces Group conduct <a href="/wiki/High-altitude_military_parachuting" title="High-altitude military parachuting">high-altitude low-opening</a> (HALO) jump over Yakima training center, c. 2014</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alabama_National_Guard_controlled_ascent_(17310136912).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Alabama_National_Guard_controlled_ascent_%2817310136912%29.jpg/220px-Alabama_National_Guard_controlled_ascent_%2817310136912%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Alabama_National_Guard_controlled_ascent_%2817310136912%29.jpg/330px-Alabama_National_Guard_controlled_ascent_%2817310136912%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Alabama_National_Guard_controlled_ascent_%2817310136912%29.jpg/440px-Alabama_National_Guard_controlled_ascent_%2817310136912%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2586" /></a><figcaption>20th Special Forces Group soldiers conduct dive operations</figcaption></figure> <p>The basic eligibility requirements to be considered for entry into the Special Forces for existing service members are: </p> <dl><dd><ul><li>Be age 20–36<sup id="cite_ref-requirements_2022_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-requirements_2022-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-requirements_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-requirements-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Be a U.S. citizen<sup id="cite_ref-requirements_2022_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-requirements_2022-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Be a high school graduate<sup id="cite_ref-requirements_2022_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-requirements_2022-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Have <a href="/wiki/Armed_Services_Vocational_Aptitude_Battery" title="Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery">Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery</a> (ASVAB) placement test GT score of 110 or above<sup id="cite_ref-requirements_2022_57-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-requirements_2022-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Be qualified for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Airborne_School" title="United States Army Airborne School">Airborne School</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ranger_School" title="Ranger School">Ranger School</a><sup id="cite_ref-requirements_2022_57-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-requirements_2022-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pass the Physical Fitness test and meet height and weight standards<sup id="cite_ref-requirements_2022_57-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-requirements_2022-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Be of rank <a href="/wiki/E-3_(rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="E-3 (rank)">E-3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Private_first_class" title="Private first class">Private First Class</a>, <a href="/wiki/Specialist_(rank)" title="Specialist (rank)">Specialist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">Corporal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Staff_sergeant" title="Staff sergeant">staff sergeant</a>) or higher<sup id="cite_ref-requirements_2022_57-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-requirements_2022-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Have fewer than 9 months time in grade as <a href="/wiki/E-7_(rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="E-7 (rank)">E-7</a> when applying<sup id="cite_ref-requirements_2022_57-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-requirements_2022-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Have no more than 12-14 years in service prior to training and have 36 months or more left in service after completing SF training (if able to)<sup id="cite_ref-requirements_2022_57-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-requirements_2022-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Be eligible for <a href="/wiki/United_States_security_clearance#Secret" title="United States security clearance">secret clearance</a><sup id="cite_ref-requirements_2022_57-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-requirements_2022-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <p>For officers, the requirements are: </p> <dl><dd><ul><li>Be of rank <a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant" title="First lieutenant">first lieutenant</a> or captain<sup id="cite_ref-requirements_2022_57-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-requirements_2022-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Have a <a href="/wiki/Defense_Language_Aptitude_Battery" title="Defense Language Aptitude Battery">Defense Language Aptitude Battery</a> score of 85 or higher<sup id="cite_ref-requirements_2022_57-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-requirements_2022-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Be eligible for top secret clearance<sup id="cite_ref-requirements_2022_57-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-requirements_2022-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Support personnel assigned to a Special Forces unit who do not possess a Special Forces 18-series career management field (CMF) MOS are not "Special Forces qualified", as they have not completed the <a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_Qualification_Course" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Forces Qualification Course">Special Forces Qualification Course</a> (SFQC or "Q" Course); however, they do have the potential to be awarded the Special Qualification Identifier (SQI) "S" (Special Operations / Special Operations Support) once they complete the appropriate unit-level training, 24 months with their Special Forces unit, and Basic Airborne School (except for CMF 15).<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selection_and_training">Selection and training</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Selection and training"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Special_Forces_selection_and_training" title="United States Army Special Forces selection and training">United States Army Special Forces selection and training</a></div> <p>The Special Forces soldier trains on a regular basis over the course of their entire career. The initial formal training program for entry into Special Forces is divided into four phases collectively known as the Special Forces Qualification Course or, informally, the "Q Course". The length of the Q Course changes depending on the applicant's primary job field within Special Forces and their assigned foreign language capability, but will usually last between 55 and 95 weeks. After successfully completing the Special Forces Qualification Course, Special Forces soldiers are then eligible for many advanced skills courses. These include, but are not limited to, the <a href="/wiki/Military_Freefall_Parachutist_Badge" title="Military Freefall Parachutist Badge">Military Free Fall Parachutist Course</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Diver_insignia#United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Diver insignia">Combat Diver Qualification Course</a>, the Special Operations Combat Medic Course,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Special Forces Sniper Course,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among others.<sup id="cite_ref-pbs_frontline_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbs_frontline-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women_in_the_Green_Berets">Women in the Green Berets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Women in the Green Berets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1981 Capt. Kathleen Wilder became the first woman to qualify for the Green Berets. She was told she had failed a field exercise just before graduation, but she filed a sex discrimination complaint, and it was determined that she "had been wrongly denied graduation." Wilder, a former military intelligence officer, was ultimately allowed to wear the Special Forces Tab when it was created in 1983, and continued to do so over her 28-year career until she retired as a lieutenant colonel. <a href="/wiki/Army_Times" title="Army Times">Army Times</a> reported that in July 2020, the first woman to complete the Army Special Forces Qualification Course graduated and moved on to a Green Beret team.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special_Forces_MOS_descriptions">Special Forces MOS descriptions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Special Forces MOS descriptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>18A – Special Forces Officer<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>180A – Special Forces Warrant Officer<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>18B – Special Forces Weapons Sergeant<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>18C – Special Forces Engineer Sergeant<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>18D – Special Forces Medical Sergeant<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>18E – Special Forces Communications Sergeant<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>18F – Special Forces Intelligence Sergeant<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>18X – Special Forces Candidate (Active Duty and National Guard Enlistment Option)<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>18Z – Special Forces Operations Sergeant<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uniforms_and_insignia">Uniforms and insignia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Uniforms and insignia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Green_beret">Green beret</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Green beret"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_Special_Forces_UDT_training-1956.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/US_Army_Special_Forces_UDT_training-1956.png/220px-US_Army_Special_Forces_UDT_training-1956.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/US_Army_Special_Forces_UDT_training-1956.png/330px-US_Army_Special_Forces_UDT_training-1956.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/US_Army_Special_Forces_UDT_training-1956.png/440px-US_Army_Special_Forces_UDT_training-1956.png 2x" data-file-width="1051" data-file-height="661" /></a><figcaption>Special Forces soldiers prepare for a combat diving training operation on a US Navy ship near <a href="/wiki/Okinawa,_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Okinawa, Japan">Okinawa, Japan</a> in 1956, wearing their green berets</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Honduran_TIGRES_Commandos_graduate_140619-A-YI554-371.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Honduran_TIGRES_Commandos_graduate_140619-A-YI554-371.jpg/220px-Honduran_TIGRES_Commandos_graduate_140619-A-YI554-371.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Honduran_TIGRES_Commandos_graduate_140619-A-YI554-371.jpg/330px-Honduran_TIGRES_Commandos_graduate_140619-A-YI554-371.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Honduran_TIGRES_Commandos_graduate_140619-A-YI554-371.jpg/440px-Honduran_TIGRES_Commandos_graduate_140619-A-YI554-371.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>Special Forces soldiers participate in the graduation ceremony in <a href="/wiki/Tegucigalpa,_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Tegucigalpa, Honduras">Tegucigalpa, Honduras</a> in 2014, wearing their green berets</figcaption></figure> <p>U.S. Army Special Forces adopted the <a href="/wiki/Green_beret" title="Green beret">green beret</a> unofficially in 1954 after searching for headgear that would set them visually apart. Members of the 77th SFG began searching through their accumulated berets and settled on the rifle green color from Captain <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_la_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Miguel de la Peña">Miguel de la Peña</a>'s collection; since 1942 the <a href="/wiki/Commandos_(United_Kingdom)" title="Commandos (United Kingdom)">British Commandos</a> had permeated the use of green on berets of specialist forces, and many current international military organisations followed this practice. Captain Frank Dallas had the new beret designed and produced in small numbers for the members of the 10th & 77th Special Forces Groups.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Their new headdress was first worn at a retirement parade at Fort Bragg (now <a href="/wiki/Fort_Liberty" title="Fort Liberty">Fort Liberty</a>) on 12 June 1955 for Major General <a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Cleland" title="Joseph P. Cleland">Joseph P. Cleland</a>, the now-former commander of the <a href="/wiki/XVIII_Airborne_Corps" title="XVIII Airborne Corps">XVIII Airborne Corps</a>. Onlookers thought that the operators were a foreign delegation from <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>. In 1956 General <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Adams" title="Paul D. Adams">Paul D. Adams</a>, the post commander at Fort Bragg, banned the wearing of the distinctive headdress,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although members of the Special Forces continued to wear it surreptitiously.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was reversed on 25 September 1961 by Department of the Army Message 578636, which designated the green beret as the exclusive headdress of the Army Special Forces.<sup id="cite_ref-Black-beret_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Black-beret-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1961, President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> authorized them for use exclusively by the U.S. Special Forces. Preparing for a 12 October visit to the Special Warfare Center at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, the president sent word to the center's commander, Colonel <a href="/wiki/William_P._Yarborough" title="William P. Yarborough">William P. Yarborough</a>, for all Special Forces soldiers to wear green berets as part of the event. The president felt that since they had a special mission, Special Forces should have something to set them apart from the rest. In 1962, he called the green beret "a symbol of excellence, a badge of courage, a mark of distinction in the fight for freedom."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Forrest Lindley, a writer for the newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Stars_and_Stripes_(newspaper)" title="Stars and Stripes (newspaper)">Stars and Stripes</a></i> who served with Special Forces in Vietnam said of Kennedy's authorization: "It was President Kennedy who was responsible for the rebuilding of the Special Forces and giving us back our Green Beret. People were sneaking around wearing [them] when conventional forces weren't in the area and it was sort of a cat and mouse game. Then Kennedy authorized the Green Beret as a mark of distinction, everybody had to scramble around to find berets that were really green. We were bringing them down from Canada. Some were handmade, with the dye coming out in the rain."<sup id="cite_ref-JFKSF_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JFKSF-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kennedy's actions created a special bond with the Special Forces, with specific traditions carried out since his funeral when a sergeant in charge of a detail of Special Forces soldiers guarding the grave placed his beret on the coffin.<sup id="cite_ref-JFKSF_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JFKSF-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The moment was repeated at a commemoration of the 25th anniversary of JFK's death – General <a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Healy" title="Michael D. Healy">Michael D. Healy</a> (ret.), the last commander of Special Forces in Vietnam and later a commander of the <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Special_Warfare_Center_and_School" title="John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School">John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School</a>, spoke at <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a>, after which a wreath in the form of a green beret was placed on Kennedy's grave.<sup id="cite_ref-JFKSF_80-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JFKSF-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distinctive_unit_insignia">Distinctive unit insignia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Distinctive unit insignia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpecialForces_Badge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/SpecialForces_Badge.svg/150px-SpecialForces_Badge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/SpecialForces_Badge.svg/225px-SpecialForces_Badge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/SpecialForces_Badge.svg/300px-SpecialForces_Badge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="172" /></a><figcaption>Special Forces <a href="/wiki/Distinctive_unit_insignia" title="Distinctive unit insignia">distinctive unit insignia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A silver colored metal and enamel device <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> inches (2.9 cm) in height consisting of a pair of silver arrows in <a href="/wiki/Saltire" title="Saltire">saltire</a>, points up and is surmounted at their junction by the <a href="/wiki/V-42_stiletto" title="V-42 stiletto">V-42 stiletto</a> silver dagger with black handle point up; all over and between a black motto scroll arcing to the base and inscribed "<a href="/wiki/De_oppresso_liber" title="De oppresso liber">DE OPPRESSO LIBER</a>" in silver letters.<sup id="cite_ref-SF_DUI_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SF_DUI-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The insignia is the crossed arrow collar insignia (insignia of the branch) of the <a href="/wiki/First_Special_Service_Force" title="First Special Service Force">First Special Service Force</a>, World War II combined with the fighting knife which is of a distinctive shape and pattern only issued to the First Special Service Force. The motto is translated as "From Oppression We Will Liberate Them."<sup id="cite_ref-SF_DUI_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SF_DUI-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The distinctive unit insignia was approved on 8 July 1960. The insignia of the 1st Special Forces was authorized to be worn by personnel of the U.S. Army Special Forces Command (Airborne) and its subordinate units on 7 March 1991. The wear of the insignia by the U.S. Army Special Forces Command (Airborne) and its subordinate units was canceled and it was authorized to be worn by personnel of the 1st Special Forces Command (Airborne) and their subordinate units which were not authorized a distinctive unit insignia in their own right and amended to change the symbolism on 27 October 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-SF_DUI_81-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SF_DUI-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shoulder_sleeve_insignia">Shoulder sleeve insignia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Shoulder sleeve insignia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:308px;max-width:308px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_Airborne_Command_SSI.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/US_Army_Airborne_Command_SSI.png/145px-US_Army_Airborne_Command_SSI.png" decoding="async" width="145" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/US_Army_Airborne_Command_SSI.png/218px-US_Army_Airborne_Command_SSI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/US_Army_Airborne_Command_SSI.png/290px-US_Army_Airborne_Command_SSI.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="992" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Airborne Command SSI, worn by classified units—such as the Army's new special forces groups— from 1952 to 1955</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:157px;max-width:157px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Army_Special_Forces_SSI_(1958-2015).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/United_States_Army_Special_Forces_SSI_%281958-2015%29.png/155px-United_States_Army_Special_Forces_SSI_%281958-2015%29.png" decoding="async" width="155" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/United_States_Army_Special_Forces_SSI_%281958-2015%29.png/233px-United_States_Army_Special_Forces_SSI_%281958-2015%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/United_States_Army_Special_Forces_SSI_%281958-2015%29.png/310px-United_States_Army_Special_Forces_SSI_%281958-2015%29.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="580" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">1st Special Forces Command (Airborne) SSI, established 1955 and worn by all of its special forces groups, past and present</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Shoulder_sleeve_insignia" title="Shoulder sleeve insignia">shoulder sleeve insignia</a> (SSI) of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Special_Forces_Command_(Airborne)" title="1st Special Forces Command (Airborne)">1st Special Forces Command (Airborne)</a> is worn by all those assigned to the command and its subordinate units who have not been authorized their own SSI, such as the Special Forces Groups. According to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Institute_of_Heraldry" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Institute of Heraldry">U.S. Army Institute of Heraldry</a>, the shape and items depicted in the SSI have special meaning: "The arrowhead alludes to the American Indian's basic skills in which Special Forces personnel are trained to a high degree. The dagger represents the unconventional nature of Special Forces operations, and the three lightning flashes, their ability to strike rapidly by Sea, Air or Land." Army Special Forces were the first Special Operations unit to employ the "sea, air, land" concept nearly a decade before units like the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_SEALs" title="United States Navy SEALs">Navy SEALs</a> were created.<sup id="cite_ref-SSI_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSI-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the 1st Special Forces Command SSI was established, the special forces groups that stood up between 1952 and 1955 wore the Airborne Command SSI. According to the U.S. Army Institute of Heraldry, the Airborne Command SSI was reinstated on 10 April 1952—after being disbanded in 1947—and authorized for wear by certain classified units<sup id="cite_ref-Airborne_Command_SSI_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Airborne_Command_SSI-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—such as the newly formed 10th and 77th Special Forces Groups—until the 1st Special Forces Command (Airborne) SSI was established on 22 August 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-SSI_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSI-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_Forces_Tab">Special Forces Tab</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Special Forces Tab"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_Tab" title="Special Forces Tab">Special Forces Tab</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Special_Forces_Tab_Cloth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Special_Forces_Tab_Cloth.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="72" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="72" /></a><figcaption>Special Forces Qualification Tab</figcaption></figure> <p>Introduced in June 1983, the <a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_Tab" title="Special Forces Tab">Special Forces Tab</a> is a service school qualification tab awarded to soldiers who complete one of the <a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_Qualification_Course" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Forces Qualification Course">Special Forces Qualification Courses</a>. Unlike the Green Beret, soldiers who are awarded the Special Forces Tab are authorized to wear it for the remainder of their military careers, even when not serving with an Army Special Forces unit. The cloth tab is a teal blue colored arc tab <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> inches (8.3 cm) in length and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">11</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> inch (1.7 cm) in height overall, the designation "SPECIAL FORCES" in gold-yellow letters <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> inch (0.79 cm) in height and is worn on the left sleeve of utility uniforms above a unit's <a href="/wiki/Shoulder_Sleeve_Insignia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoulder Sleeve Insignia">Shoulder Sleeve Insignia</a> and below the <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Hundred_Tab" class="mw-redirect" title="President's Hundred Tab">President's Hundred Tab</a> (if so awarded). The metal Special Forces Tab replica comes in two sizes, full and dress miniature. The full size version measures <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> inch (1.6 cm) in height and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">9</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> inches (4.0 cm) in width. The miniature version measures <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> inch (0.64 cm) in height and 1 inch (2.5 cm) in width. Both are teal blue with yellow border trim and letters and are worn above or below ribbons or medals on the <a href="/wiki/Army_Service_Uniform" title="Army Service Uniform">Army Service Uniform</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TIOH_Tab_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIOH_Tab-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AR600-8-22_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR600-8-22-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Award eligibility:<sup id="cite_ref-TIOH_Tab_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIOH_Tab-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AR600-8-22_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR600-8-22-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1) Basic Eligibility Criteria. Any person meeting one of the criteria below may be awarded the Special Forces (SF) tab: <ul><li>1.1) Successful completion of U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School (USAJFKSWCS) approved Active Army (AA) institutional training leading to SF qualification.</li> <li>1.2) Successful completion of a USAJFKSWCS approved Reserve Component (RC) SF qualification program.</li> <li>1.3) Successful completion of an authorized unit administered SF qualification program.</li></ul></li> <li>2) Active Component institutional training. The SF Tab may be awarded to all personnel who meet the following: <ul><li>2.1) For successful completion of the Special Forces Qualification Course or Special Forces Detachment Officer Qualification Course (previously known as the Special Forces Officer Course). These courses are/were conducted by the USAJFKSWC (previously known as the U.S. Army Institute for Military Assistance).</li> <li>2.2) Before 1 January 1988, for successful completion of the then approved program of instruction for Special Forces qualification in a Special Forces Group, who were subsequently awarded, by a competent authority, SQI "S" in Career Management Field 18 (enlisted), or SQI "3" in Functional Area 18 (officer).</li></ul></li> <li>3) Reserve Component (RC) SF qualification programs. The SF Tab may be awarded to all personnel who successfully complete an RC SF qualification program according to TRADOC Regulation 135–5, dated 1 June 1988 or its predecessors and who were subsequently awarded, by a competent authority, SQI "S" or "3" in MOS 11B, 11C, 12B, 05B, 91B, or ASI "5G" or "3." The USAJFKSWCS will determine individual entitlement for an award of the SF Tab based on historical review of Army, Continental Army Command (CONARC), and TRADOC regulations prescribing SF qualification requirements in effect at the time the individual began an RC SF qualification program.</li> <li>4) Unit administered SF qualification programs. The SF Tab may be awarded to all personnel who successfully completed unit administered SF qualification programs as authorized by regulation. The USAJFKSWCS will determine individual entitlement to an award of the SF Tab based upon a historical review of regulations prescribing SF qualification requirements in effect at the time the individual began a unit administered SF qualification program.</li> <li>5) Former wartime service. The Special Forces Tab may be awarded retroactively to all personnel who performed the following wartime service: <ul><li>5.1) 1942 through 1973. Served with a Special Forces unit during wartime and were either unable to or not required to attend a formal program of instruction but were awarded SQI "S", "3", "5G" by the competent authority.</li> <li>5.2) Before 1954. Service for at least 120 consecutive days in one of the following organizations: <ul><li>5.2.1) 1st Special Service Force, August 1942 to December 1944.</li> <li>5.2.2) OSS Detachment 101, April 1942 to September 1945.</li> <li>5.2.3) OSS Jedburgh Detachments, May 1944 to May 1945.</li> <li>5.2.4) OSS Operational Groups, May 1944 to May 1945.</li> <li>5.2.5) OSS Maritime Unit, April 1942 to September 1945.</li> <li>5.2.6) 6th Army Special Reconnaissance Unit (Alamo Scouts), February 1944 to September 1945.</li> <li>5.2.7) <a href="/wiki/8240th_Army_Unit" title="8240th Army Unit">8240th Army Unit</a>, June 1950 to July 1953.</li> <li>5.2.8) 1954 through 1975. Any company grade officer or enlisted member awarded the CIB or CMB while serving for at least 120 consecutive days in one of the following type organizations: <ul><li>5.2.8a) SF Operational Detachment-A (A-Team).</li> <li>5.2.8b) Mobile Strike Force.</li> <li>5.2.8c) SF Reconnaissance Team.</li> <li>5.2.8d) SF Special Project Unit.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Camouflage_pattern">Camouflage pattern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Camouflage pattern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the Vietnam War, the Green Berets of the 5th Special Forces Group wanted camouflage clothing to be made in <a href="/wiki/Tigerstripe" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigerstripe">Tigerstripe</a>. So they contracted with Vietnamese and other Southeast Asian producers to make fatigues and other items such as <a href="/wiki/Boonie_hat" title="Boonie hat">boonie hats</a> using tigerstripe fabric. When Tigerstripes made a comeback in the 21st century, they were used by Green Berets for <a href="/wiki/OPFOR" class="mw-redirect" title="OPFOR">OPFOR</a> drills. </p><p>From 1981 to the mid-2000s, they had worn the <a href="/wiki/Battle_Dress_Uniform" title="Battle Dress Uniform">Battle Dress Uniform</a>. </p><p>Since the <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">War on Terror</a>, they have worn <a href="/wiki/Universal_Camouflage_Pattern" title="Universal Camouflage Pattern">Universal Camouflage Pattern</a> but phased that out in favor of <a href="/wiki/MultiCam" title="MultiCam">MultiCam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operational_Camouflage_Pattern" title="Operational Camouflage Pattern">Operational Camouflage Pattern</a> (OCP) uniforms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yarborough_knife">Yarborough knife</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Yarborough knife"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This knife was designed and built by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Harsey_Jr." title="Bill Harsey Jr.">Bill Harsey Jr.</a> in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Chris_Reeve_Knives" title="Chris Reeve Knives">Chris Reeve Knives</a>. Starting in 2002, all graduates of the qualification course were awarded a Yarborough knife, designed by Bill Harsey and named after Lt. Gen. <a href="/wiki/William_Yarborough" class="mw-redirect" title="William Yarborough">William Yarborough</a>, considered the father of the modern Special Forces. All knives awarded are individually serial-numbered, and all awardees' names are recorded in a special logbook.<sup id="cite_ref-yarborough_article_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yarborough_article-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vehicles">Vehicles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Vehicles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Special_Forces_in_Afghanistan_Gayan_Valley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/US_Special_Forces_in_Afghanistan_Gayan_Valley.jpg/220px-US_Special_Forces_in_Afghanistan_Gayan_Valley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/US_Special_Forces_in_Afghanistan_Gayan_Valley.jpg/330px-US_Special_Forces_in_Afghanistan_Gayan_Valley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/US_Special_Forces_in_Afghanistan_Gayan_Valley.jpg/440px-US_Special_Forces_in_Afghanistan_Gayan_Valley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1477" data-file-height="1108" /></a><figcaption>A GMV-S equipped with a <a href="/wiki/Mk_19_grenade_launcher" title="Mk 19 grenade launcher">Mk 19 grenade launcher</a> in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> (2003)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine_Ground_Mobility_Vehicle_1.1_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Marine_Ground_Mobility_Vehicle_1.1_2019.jpg/220px-Marine_Ground_Mobility_Vehicle_1.1_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Marine_Ground_Mobility_Vehicle_1.1_2019.jpg/330px-Marine_Ground_Mobility_Vehicle_1.1_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Marine_Ground_Mobility_Vehicle_1.1_2019.jpg/440px-Marine_Ground_Mobility_Vehicle_1.1_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4907" data-file-height="3271" /></a><figcaption>GMV 1.1 equipped with a Mk 19 driven by Army Special Operation operators with the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="3rd Special Forces Group (United States)">3rd Special Forces Group</a> Green Berets.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the Green Berets' missions in other nations, they would use <a href="/wiki/Ground_Mobility_Vehicle_%E2%80%93_(US)SOCOM_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground Mobility Vehicle – (US)SOCOM program">Ground Mobility Vehicle (GMV)-S</a> <a href="/wiki/Humvees" class="mw-redirect" title="Humvees">Humvees</a> made by <a href="/wiki/AM_General" title="AM General">AM General</a> for various uses. While using <a href="/wiki/Technical_(vehicle)" title="Technical (vehicle)">purpose built technicals</a> for patrol on rugged terrain which would help preserve the <a href="/wiki/Clandestine_operation" title="Clandestine operation">clandestine</a> nature of their missions. They have also had access to the <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics" title="General Dynamics">General Dynamics</a> <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_Flyer" title="General Dynamics Flyer">M1288 GMV 1.1 variant</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Army_Ground_Mobility_Vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Ground Mobility Vehicle">Army Ground Mobility Vehicle</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Oshkosh_Corporation" title="Oshkosh Corporation">Oshkosh</a> <a href="/wiki/Oshkosh_M-ATV#Variants" title="Oshkosh M-ATV">M-ATV Special Forces variant</a> <a href="/wiki/MRAP" title="MRAP">MRAPs</a>. </p><p>For aircraft other than the ones used by the US military and its special forces/special operations forces units, they extensively used the CIA-operated <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-8" title="Mil Mi-8">Mi-8</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-17" title="Mil Mi-17">Mi-17</a> variants of those <a href="/wiki/Military_helicopter" title="Military helicopter">military helicopters</a> in Afghanistan during the initial stages of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_of_the_term_"Special_Forces""><span id="Use_of_the_term_.22Special_Forces.22"></span>Use of the term "Special Forces"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Use of the term "Special Forces""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In countries other than the U.S., the term "special forces" or "special operations forces" (SOF) is often used generically to refer to any units with elite training and special mission sets. In the U.S. military, "Special Forces" is a proper (capitalized) noun referring exclusively to U.S. Army Special Forces (a.k.a. "The Green Berets").<sup id="cite_ref-shooters_thinkers_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shooters_thinkers-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The media and popular culture frequently misapply the term to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_SEALs" title="United States Navy SEALs">Navy SEALs</a> and other members of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_special_operations_forces" title="United States special operations forces">U.S. Special Operations Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the terms USSF and, less commonly, USASF have been used to specify United States Army Special Forces.<sup id="cite_ref-dtic_org_paper_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dtic_org_paper-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dvids_ussf_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dvids_ussf-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vietnam_usasf_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vietnam_usasf-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_of_the_term_"Operator""><span id="Use_of_the_term_.22Operator.22"></span>Use of the term "Operator"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Use of the term "Operator""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Code_of_the_Special_Forces_Operator.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Code_of_the_Special_Forces_Operator.jpg/220px-Code_of_the_Special_Forces_Operator.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Code_of_the_Special_Forces_Operator.jpg/330px-Code_of_the_Special_Forces_Operator.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Code_of_the_Special_Forces_Operator.jpg/440px-Code_of_the_Special_Forces_Operator.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>"Code of the Special Forces Operator", <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1959. This example pre-dates "Delta" among others.</figcaption></figure> <p>The term "Operator" pre-dates American Special Operations and can be found in books referring to French Special Operations as far back as WWII. Examples include <i>A Savage War of Peace</i><sup id="cite_ref-savage_war_of_peace_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-savage_war_of_peace-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/Alistair_Horne" title="Alistair Horne">Alistair Horne</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Centurions_(Lart%C3%A9guy_novel)" title="The Centurions (Lartéguy novel)">The Centurions</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-the_centurions_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-the_centurions-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Larteguy" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Larteguy">Jean Larteguy</a>. </p><p>The origin of the term <i>operator</i> in American special operations comes from the U.S. Army Special Forces (referred to by many civilians as "Green Berets"). The Army Special Forces were established in 1952, ten years before the Navy SEALs, and 25 years before <a href="/wiki/Delta_Force" title="Delta Force">Delta Force</a>. Every other modern U.S. special operations unit in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marines" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Marines">Marines</a> was established after 1977. In <i>Veritas: Journal of Army Special Operations History</i>, Charles H. Briscoe states that the Army "Special Forces did not misappropriate the appellation. Unbeknownst to most members of the Army Special Operations Force community, that moniker was adopted by the Special Forces in the mid-1950s." He goes on to state that all qualified enlisted and officers in Special Forces had to "voluntarily subscribe to the provisions of the '<b>Code of the Special Forces Operator'</b> and pledge themselves to its tenets by witnessed signature." This pre-dates every other special operations unit that currently uses the term/title operator.<sup id="cite_ref-operator_term_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-operator_term-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inside the <a href="/wiki/USSOCOM" class="mw-redirect" title="USSOCOM">United States Special Operations</a> community, an <i>operator</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Delta_Force" title="Delta Force">Delta Force</a> member who has completed selection and has graduated the Operators Training Course.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <i>Operator</i> was used by Delta Force to distinguish between operational and non-operational personnel assigned to the unit.<sup id="cite_ref-haney_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haney-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 325">: 325 </span></sup> Other <a href="/wiki/United_States_special_operations_forces" title="United States special operations forces">special operations forces</a> use specific names for their jobs, such as Army <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Rangers" title="United States Army Rangers">Rangers</a></i> and Air Force <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Pararescue" title="United States Air Force Pararescue">Pararescuemen</a></i>. The Navy uses the acronym <i>SEAL</i> for both their special warfare teams and their individual members, who are also known as <i>Special Operators</i>. In 2006 the Navy created <b>"Special Warfare Operator"</b> as a rating specific to Naval Special Warfare enlisted personnel, grades E-4 to E-9 (see <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_SEALs#Special_warfare_ratings" title="United States Navy SEALs">Navy special warfare ratings</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-navy_operator_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navy_operator-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Operator</i> is the specific term for operational personnel, and has become a colloquial term for almost all special operations forces in the U.S. military, as well as around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-operator_term_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-operator_term-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Special_Forces_in_popular_culture" title="United States Army Special Forces in popular culture">United States Army Special Forces in popular culture</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Special_Forces_Operational_Detachment-Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta">1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta</a> (Delta Force)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamo_Scouts" title="Alamo Scouts">Alamo Scouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Light_(counter-terrorist_subunit)" title="Blue Light (counter-terrorist subunit)">Blue Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Special_Activities_Center" title="Special Activities Center">Special Activities Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Devil's Brigade">Devil's Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogs_in_warfare" title="Dogs in warfare">Dogs in warfare</a> - There was an SF Multi-Purpose <a href="/wiki/Dogs_in_warfare" title="Dogs in warfare">canine</a> team providing security for a nearby <a href="/wiki/Mortar_(weapon)" title="Mortar (weapon)">mortar</a> position during the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian Civil War's</a> <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%9319)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–19)">Deir ez-Zor campaign</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, October 11, 2018.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Light_Teams" title="Green Light Teams">Green Light Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Support_Activity" title="Intelligence Support Activity">Intelligence Support Activity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Assistance_Command,_Vietnam_%E2%80%93_Studies_and_Observations_Group" title="Military Assistance Command, Vietnam – Studies and Observations Group">Military Assistance Command, Vietnam – Studies and Observations Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Program" title="Phoenix Program">Phoenix Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recondo" title="Recondo">Recondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconventional_warfare_(United_States)" title="Unconventional warfare (United States)">Unconventional warfare (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Counterintelligence" title="United States Army Counterintelligence">United States Army Counterintelligence</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_Units">Similar Units</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Similar Units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_Regiment_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ranger Regiment (United Kingdom)">Ranger Regiment (United Kingdom)</a> - British Special Operations Capable unit with similar roles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Special_Operations_Regiment" title="Canadian Special Operations Regiment">Canadian Special Operations Regiment</a> - Canadian special forces unit with similar roles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Commando_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Commando Regiment">2nd Commando Regiment</a> - Australian special forces unit with similar roles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JW_Komandosow" class="mw-redirect" title="JW Komandosow">JW Komandosow</a> - Polish special forces unit with similar roles</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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Cambridge University Press. pp. 33–35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-44470-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-44470-5"><bdi>978-1-139-44470-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Way+of+War%3A+American+War+Making+on+the+Frontier%2C+1607%E2%80%931814&rft.pages=33-35&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-139-44470-5&rft.aulast=Grenier&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJGCin1JJp8cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Special+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usasf_hist-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-usasf_hist_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usasf_hist_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528154532/http://www.soc.mil/USASFC/USASFC%20History.html">"U.S. Army Special Forces Command (Airborne) History"</a>. U S ARMY SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soc.mil/USASFC/USASFC%20History.html">the original</a> on 28 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Army+Special+Forces+Command+%28Airborne%29+History&rft.pub=U+S+ARMY+SPECIAL+OPERATIONS+COMMAND&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soc.mil%2FUSASFC%2FUSASFC%2520History.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Special+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolckmann1951" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Russell_W._Volckmann" title="Russell W. Volckmann">Volckmann, Russell W.</a> (October 1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140817040304/http://ciehub.info/ref/FM/31-21_1958.pdf">"FM 31-21 GUERRILLA WARFARE AND SPECIAL FORCES OPERATIONS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Army. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Army+Special+Operations+Command+History+Office&rft.atitle=Col+Aaron+Bank%3A+Commander%2C+10th+Special+Forces+Group+%281902-1944%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farsof-history.org%2Ficons%2Fbank.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Special+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arsof_timeline-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arsof_timeline_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arsof-history.org/arsof_timeline/index.html">"Army Special Operations Forces Timeline"</a>. <i>U.S.Army Special Operations Command History Office</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220604105128/https://arsof-history.org/arsof_timeline/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+Army+Center+of+Military+History&rft.atitle=Army+General+Order+No.+35&rft.date=1987-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Ffaq%2Fbranches%2FDA_GO_1987-35.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Special+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETsouras199491-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETsouras199491_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTsouras1994">Tsouras 1994</a>, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-army_lineage-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-army_lineage_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-army_lineage_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahonRomana1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_K._Mahon" title="John K. Mahon">Mahon, John K</a>; Danysh, Romana (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4sNHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA887"><i>Army lineage series Infantry Part I: Regular Army</i></a>. Washington D.C.: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">Office of the Chief of Military History</a>, United States Army. pp. 887–922. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/74-610219">74-610219</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/557542564">557542564</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Government Publishing Office</a> Stock Number 0829-0082<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goarmy.com/content/goarmy/careers-and-jobs/browse-career-and-job-categories/combat/special-forces-weapons-sergeant.html">the original</a> on 24 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GoArmy&rft.atitle=Special+Forces+Weapons+Sergeant+%2818B%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goarmy.com%2Fcontent%2Fgoarmy%2Fcareers-and-jobs%2Fbrowse-career-and-job-categories%2Fcombat%2Fspecial-forces-weapons-sergeant.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Special+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220530043427/https://www.goarmy.com/careers-and-jobs/career-match/mechanics-engineering/design-develop/18c-special-forces-engineer-sergeant.html">"Special Forces Engineer Sergeant (18C)"</a>. <i>GoArmy</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goarmy.com/content/goarmy/careers-and-jobs/browse-career-and-job-categories/intelligence-and-combat-support/special-forces-engineer-sergeant.html">the original</a> on 30 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GoArmy&rft.atitle=Special+Forces+Engineer+Sergeant+%2818C%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goarmy.com%2Fcontent%2Fgoarmy%2Fcareers-and-jobs%2Fbrowse-career-and-job-categories%2Fintelligence-and-combat-support%2Fspecial-forces-engineer-sergeant.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Special+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220419165526/https://www.goarmy.com/careers-and-jobs/career-match/science-medicine/intensive-care/18d-special-forces-medical-sergeant.html">"Special Forces Medical Sergeant (18D)"</a>. <i>GoArmy</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goarmy.com/content/goarmy/careers-and-jobs/browse-career-and-job-categories/intelligence-and-combat-support/special-forces-medical-sergeant.html">the original</a> on 19 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GoArmy&rft.atitle=Special+Forces+Medical+Sergeant+%2818D%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goarmy.com%2Fcontent%2Fgoarmy%2Fcareers-and-jobs%2Fbrowse-career-and-job-categories%2Fintelligence-and-combat-support%2Fspecial-forces-medical-sergeant.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Special+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220616045845/https://www.goarmy.com/careers-and-jobs/career-match/signal-intelligence/locations-stats-frequencies/18e-special-forces-communications-sergeant.html">"Special Forces Communications Sergeant (18E)"</a>. <i>GoArmy</i>. 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(31 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220812034138/https://www.dvidshub.net/image/6999310/special-forces-training">"Special Forces Training [Image 4 of 14]"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Defense_Visual_Information_Distribution_Service" title="Defense Visual Information Distribution Service">DVIDS</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dvidshub.net/image/6999310/special-forces-training">the original</a> on 12 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DVIDS&rft.atitle=Special+Forces+Training+%5BImage+4+of+14%5D&rft.date=2021-12-31&rft.aulast=Morelli&rft.aufirst=Justin+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dvidshub.net%2Fimage%2F6999310%2Fspecial-forces-training&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Special+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vietnam_usasf-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vietnam_usasf_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly1973" class="citation web cs1">Kelly, Francis J. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150920125530/https://history.army.mil/html/books/090/90-23-1/CMH_Pub_90-23-1.pdf">"Vietnam Studies U.S. Army Special Forces 1961-1971"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">US Army Center of Military History</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="United States Department of the Army">Department of the Army</a>. p. 218. CMH Pub 90-23-1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.army.mil/html/books/090/90-23-1/CMH_Pub_90-23-1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 20 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+Army+Center+of+Military+History&rft.atitle=Vietnam+Studies+U.S.+Army+Special+Forces+1961-1971&rft.pages=218&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Francis+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fbooks%2F090%2F90-23-1%2FCMH_Pub_90-23-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Special+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-savage_war_of_peace-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-savage_war_of_peace_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorne1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Horne" title="Alistair Horne">Horne, Alistair</a> (1978). <i>A Savage War of Peace : Algeria, 1954-1962</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Viking_Press" title="Viking Press">Viking Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-61964-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-61964-1"><bdi>978-0-670-61964-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Savage+War+of+Peace+%3A+Algeria%2C+1954-1962&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Viking+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-670-61964-1&rft.aulast=Horne&rft.aufirst=Alistair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Special+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-the_centurions-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-the_centurions_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLartéguy2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lart%C3%A9guy" title="Jean Lartéguy">Lartéguy, Jean</a> (2015) [1960]. <a href="/wiki/The_Centurions_(Lart%C3%A9guy_novel)" title="The Centurions (Lartéguy novel)"><i>The Centurions</i></a>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Xan_Fielding" title="Xan Fielding">Fielding, Xan</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0143107446" title="Special:BookSources/978-0143107446"><bdi>978-0143107446</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Centurions&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0143107446&rft.aulast=Lart%C3%A9guy&rft.aufirst=Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Special+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-operator_term-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-operator_term_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-operator_term_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBriscoe2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Briscoe, Charles H. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211217072354/https://arsof-history.org/articles/v14n1_creed_page_1.html">"The Special Forces Operator"</a>. <i>Veritas</i>. Vol. 14, no. 1. pp. 63–64. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1553-9830">1553-9830</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arsof-history.org/articles/v14n1_creed_page_1.html">the original</a> on 17 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veritas&rft.atitle=The+Special+Forces+Operator&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=63-64&rft.date=2018&rft.issn=1553-9830&rft.aulast=Briscoe&rft.aufirst=Charles+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farsof-history.org%2Farticles%2Fv14n1_creed_page_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Special+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-navy_operator-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-navy_operator_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220828215416/https://navadmin-viewer.fly.dev/NAVADMIN/132/06">"ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SPECIAL WARFARE OPERATOR (SO) RATING NAVADMIN 132/06"</a>. United States Navy. May 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://navadmin-viewer.fly.dev/NAVADMIN/132/06">the original</a> on 28 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ESTABLISHMENT+OF+THE+SPECIAL+WARFARE+OPERATOR+%28SO%29+RATING+NAVADMIN+132%2F06&rft.pub=United+States+Navy&rft.date=2006-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnavadmin-viewer.fly.dev%2FNAVADMIN%2F132%2F06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Special+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsouras1994" class="citation book cs1">Tsouras, Peter (1994). <i>Changing Orders : The Evolution of the World's Armies, 1945 to the Present</i>. New York: Arms and Armour. p. 352. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85409-018-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85409-018-8"><bdi>978-1-85409-018-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/31136302">31136302</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Changing+Orders+%3A+The+Evolution+of+the+World%27s+Armies%2C+1945+to+the+Present&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=352&rft.pub=Arms+and+Armour&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F31136302&rft.isbn=978-1-85409-018-8&rft.aulast=Tsouras&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Special+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Special_Forces&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Special_Forces_Groups" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Special Forces Groups">Special Forces Groups</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.soc.mil/USASFC/HQ.html">U.S. Army Special Forces Command website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army.mil/usasoc/?from=wiki">U.S. Army Special Operations Command News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110203005343/http://www.soc.mil/swcs/swcs.html">United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.socom.mil/">United States Special Operations Command</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manschoolshow.com/blog/2013/7/10/class-24-coming-home-from-war-with-robert-patrick-lewis">Special Forces Medic talks about coming home from Iraq and Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebalancecareers.com/field-18-special-forces-3345936">Army Enlisted Jobs: Field 18 Special Forces</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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Reserve Command</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">First Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/189th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_States)" title="189th Infantry Brigade (United States)">189th Infantry Brigade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/XVIII_Airborne_Corps" title="XVIII Airborne Corps">XVIII<br />Airborne<br />Corps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:right;">Other units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Sustainment_Command_(Theater)" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Sustainment Command (Theater)">1st Sustainment Command (Theater)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Military_Police_Brigade_(United_States)" title="16th Military Police Brigade (United States)">16th Military Police Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Engineer_Brigade_(United_States)" title="20th Engineer Brigade (United States)">20th Engineer Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_Medical_Brigade" title="44th Medical Brigade">44th Medical Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womack_Army_Medical_Center" title="Womack Army Medical Center">Womack Army Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=406th_Army_Field_Support_Brigade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="406th Army Field Support Brigade (page does not exist)">406th Army Field Support Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/525th_Expeditionary_Military_Intelligence_Brigade" title="525th Expeditionary Military Intelligence Brigade">525th Expeditionary Military Intelligence Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/108th_Air_Defense_Artillery_Brigade_(United_States)" title="108th Air Defense Artillery Brigade (United States)">108th Air Defense Artillery Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Civil_Affairs_and_Psychological_Operations_Command" title="United States Army Civil Affairs and Psychological Operations Command">Civil Affairs and Psychological Operations Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Press_Camp_Headquarters" title="10th Press Camp Headquarters">10th Press Camp Headquarters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/82nd_Airborne_Division" title="82nd Airborne Division">82nd Airborne Division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:right;">1st Brigade<br />Combat Team</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1st Battalion, 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment</li> <li>2nd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/504th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="504th Infantry Regiment (United States)">504th Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li>3rd Squadron, <a href="/w/index.php?title=73rd_Cavalry_Regiment_(3United_States)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="73rd Cavalry Regiment (3United States) (page does not exist)">73rd Cavalry Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Battalion,_319th_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="3rd Battalion, 319th Field Artillery Regiment">3rd Battalion, 319th Airborne Field Artillery Regiment</a></li> <li>307th Brigade Support Battalion</li> <li>Special Troops Battalion</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:right;">2nd Brigade<br />Combat Team</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1st Battalion, <a href="/wiki/325th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="325th Infantry Regiment (United States)">325th Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li>2nd Battalion, 325th Airborne Infantry Regiment</li> <li>2nd Battalion, 508th Parachute Infantry Regiment</li> <li>1st Squadron, 73rd Cavalry Regiment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Battalion,_319th_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="2nd Battalion, 319th Field Artillery Regiment">2nd Battalion, 319th Airborne Field Artillery Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/407th_Forward_Support_Battalion" title="407th Forward Support Battalion">407th Forward Support Battalion</a></li> <li>Special Troops Battalion</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:right;">3rd Brigade<br />Combat Team</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1st Battalion, <a href="/wiki/505th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="505th Infantry Regiment (United States)">505th Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li>2nd Battalion, 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment</li> <li>1st Battalion, <a href="/wiki/508th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="508th Infantry Regiment (United States)">508th Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li>5th Squadron, 73d Cavalry Regiment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Battalion,_319th_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="1st Battalion, 319th Field Artillery Regiment">1st Battalion, 319th Airborne Field Artillery Regiment</a></li> <li>82nd Brigade Support Battalion</li> <li>Special Troops Battalion</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:right;">4th Brigade<br />Combat Team <br />(Inactivated)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Battalion,_321st_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="2nd Battalion, 321st Field Artillery Regiment">2nd Battalion, 321st Airborne Field Artillery Regiment</a></li> <li>782nd Brigade Support Battalion</li> <li>Special Troops Battalion</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/18th_Field_Artillery_Brigade" title="18th Field Artillery Brigade">18th Field Artillery<br />Brigade</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Headquarters & Headquarters Battery</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Battalion,_321st_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="1st Battalion, 321st Field Artillery Regiment">1st Battalion, 321st Field Artillery Regiment</a> (inactivated)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Battalion,_321st_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="3rd Battalion, 321st Field Artillery Regiment">3rd Battalion, 321st Field Artillery Regiment</a></li> <li>3rd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/27th_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="27th Field Artillery Regiment">27th Field Artillery Regiment</a></li> <li>188th Brigade Support Battalion</li> <li>Battery D, <a href="/wiki/26th_Field_Artillery_Regiment_(United_States)" title="26th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)">26th Field Artillery Regiment</a></li> <li>206th Signal Company</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Combat_Aviation_Brigade" title="Combat Aviation Brigade">Combat Aviation Brigade</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Headquarters and Headquarters Company</li> <li>1st Battalion, <a href="/wiki/82nd_Aviation_Regiment_(United_States)" title="82nd Aviation Regiment (United States)">82nd Aviation Regiment</a></li> <li>2nd Battalion, 82nd Aviation Regiment, Company F</li> <li>3rd Battalion, 82nd Aviation Regiment</li> <li>1st Squadron, <a href="/wiki/17th_Cavalry_Regiment" title="17th Cavalry Regiment">17th Cavalry Regiment</a></li> <li>122nd Aviation Support Battalion</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:right;">82nd Division<br />Special Troops<br />Battalion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 82nd Airborne Division</li> <li>Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 82nd Division Special Troops Battalion</li> <li>Company A (Signal)</li> <li>82nd Airborne Division Band</li> <li>82nd Airborne Division Advanced Airborne School</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/82nd_Sustainment_Brigade" title="82nd Sustainment Brigade">82nd Sustainment<br />Brigade</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Special Troops Battalion</li> <li>Headquarters and Headquarters Company</li> <li>11th Quartermaster Company</li> <li>21st Chemical Company</li> <li>18th Human Resources Company</li> <li>82nd Signal Company</li> <li>82nd Financial Management Company</li> <li>125th Mail Movement Team</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:right;">264th Support Battalion<br />(Combat Sustainment)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Headquarters and Headquarters Company</li> <li>259th Quartermaster Company</li> <li>364th Quartermaster Company</li> <li>600th Quartermaster Company</li> <li>612th Quartermaster Company</li> <li>659th Maintenance Company</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:right;">192nd EOD Battalion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>192nd Explosive Ordnance Disposal Battalion</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Army Special Operations Command">Special<br />Operations<br />Command</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/4th_Psychological_Operations_Group" title="4th Psychological Operations Group">4th Psychological<br />Operations Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Headquarters and Headquarters Company</li> <li>1st Psychological Operations</li> <li>3rd Psychological Operations</li> <li>5th Psychological Operations</li> <li>6th Psychological Operations</li> <li>8th Psychological Operations</li> <li>9th Psychological Operations</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/95th_Civil_Affairs_Brigade" title="95th Civil Affairs Brigade">95th Civil Affairs Brigade</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Headquarters and Headquarters Company</li> <li>91st Civil Affairs Battalion</li> <li>96th Civil Affairs Battalion</li> <li>97th Civil Affairs Battalion</li> <li>98th Civil Affairs Battalion</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:right;">Other units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Special_Warfare_Center_and_School" title="John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School">JFK Special Warfare Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Communications_Unit" title="Joint Communications Unit">Joint Communications Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Special_Operations_Command" title="Joint Special Operations Command">Joint Special Operations Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Force" title="Delta Force">Delta Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="3rd Special Forces Group (United States)">3rd Special Forces Group (Airborne)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Parachute_Team" title="United States Army Parachute Team">United States Army Parachute Team</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Army_Special_Forces" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Army_SFG" title="Template:US Army SFG"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Army_SFG" title="Template talk:US Army SFG"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Army_SFG" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Army SFG"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Army_Special_Forces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Forces (United States Army)">United States Army Special Forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamo_Scouts" title="Alamo Scouts">Alamo Scouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Special_Service_Force" title="First Special Service Force">First Special Service Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Command</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Special_Forces_Command_(Airborne)" title="1st Special Forces Command (Airborne)">1st Special Forces Command (Airborne)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="1st Special Forces Group (United States)">1st SFG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="3rd Special Forces Group (United States)">3d SFG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="5th Special Forces Group (United States)">5th SFG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="7th Special Forces Group (United States)">7th SFG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="10th Special Forces Group (United States)">10th SFG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Special_Forces_Group" title="19th Special Forces Group">19th SFG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Special_Forces_Group" title="20th Special Forces Group">20th SFG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inactivated Groups/Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Special Forces Group (United States) (page does not exist)">6th SFG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="8th Special Forces Group (United States)">8th SFG</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Special Forces Group (United States) (page does not exist)">11th SFG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Special_Forces_Group" title="12th Special Forces Group">12th SFG</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=16th_Special_Forces_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="16th Special Forces Group (page does not exist)">16th SFG</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detachment_A" title="Detachment A">Detachment A</a>, 10th SFG</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8240th_Army_Unit" title="8240th Army Unit">8240th Army Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Light_Teams" title="Green Light Teams">Green Light Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_Projects" title="Reconnaissance Projects">Reconnaissance Projects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_DELTA" title="Project DELTA">Project DELTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_GAMMA" title="Project GAMMA">Project GAMMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIKE_Force" title="MIKE Force">MIKE Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Light_(counter-terrorist_subunit)" title="Blue Light (counter-terrorist subunit)">Blue Light</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Army_Special_Forces" title="History of the United States Army Special Forces">History of US Special Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_oppresso_liber" title="De oppresso liber">De oppresso liber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Special_Forces_selection_and_training" title="United States Army Special Forces selection and training">Special Forces selection and training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_Tab" title="Special Forces Tab">Special Forces Tab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_Association" title="Special Forces Association">Special Forces Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Special_Warfare_Memorial_Statue" title="The Special Warfare Memorial Statue">The Special Warfare Memorial Statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Response_Monument" title="America's Response Monument">America's Response Monument</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_United_States_Special_Operations_Command_(USSOCOM)" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Special_Operations_Forces" title="Template:US Special Operations Forces"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Special_Operations_Forces" title="Template talk:US Special Operations Forces"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Special_Operations_Forces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Special Operations Forces"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_United_States_Special_Operations_Command_(USSOCOM)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Special Operations Command">United States Special Operations Command</a> (USSOCOM)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">United States Army<br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Army Special Operations Command">USASOC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><i>Units</i></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/1st_Special_Forces_Command_(Airborne)" title="1st Special Forces Command (Airborne)">1st Special Forces Command</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/75th_Ranger_Regiment" title="75th Ranger Regiment">75th Ranger Regiment</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Special_Operations_Aviation_Command" title="U.S. Army Special Operations Aviation Command">Army Special Operations Aviation Command</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Special_Warfare_Center_and_School" title="John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School">John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><i>Types</i></span></dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Special Forces</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Rangers" title="United States Army Rangers">Rangers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Civil_Affairs#United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Affairs">Civil Affairs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Psychological_Operations_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological Operations (United States)">Psychological Operations</a></dd></dl> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Special_Operations_Command_Insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/United_States_Special_Operations_Command_Insignia.svg/100px-United_States_Special_Operations_Command_Insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/United_States_Special_Operations_Command_Insignia.svg/150px-United_States_Special_Operations_Command_Insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/United_States_Special_Operations_Command_Insignia.svg/200px-United_States_Special_Operations_Command_Insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="190" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">United States Marine Corps<br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Forces_Special_Operations_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Marine Corps Forces Special Operations Command">MARSOC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><i>Units</i></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marine_Raider_Regiment" title="Marine Raider Regiment">Marine Raider Regiment</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Raider_Support_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marine Raider Support Group (page does not exist)">Marine Raider Support Group</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Raider_Training_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marine Raider Training Center (page does not exist)">Marine Raider Training Center</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><i>Types</i></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Critical_skills_operator" title="Critical skills operator">Critical skills operator</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">United States Navy<br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Special_Warfare_Command" title="United States Naval Special Warfare Command">NAVSPECWARCOM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><i>Units</i></span></dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naval_Special_Warfare_Group_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naval Special Warfare Group 1 (page does not exist)">Naval Special Warfare Group 1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naval_Special_Warfare_Group_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naval Special Warfare Group 2 (page does not exist)">Naval Special Warfare Group 2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naval_Special_Warfare_Group_4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naval Special Warfare Group 4 (page does not exist)">Naval Special Warfare Group 4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naval_Special_Warfare_Group_8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naval Special Warfare Group 8 (page does not exist)">Naval Special Warfare Group 8</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naval_Special_Warfare_Group_11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naval Special Warfare Group 11 (page does not exist)">Naval Special Warfare Group 11</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Naval_Special_Warfare_Center" title="Naval Special Warfare Center">Naval Special Warfare Center</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><i>Types</i></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_SEALs" title="United States Navy SEALs">Navy SEALs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Special_warfare_combatant-craft_crewmen" title="Special warfare combatant-craft crewmen">Special warfare combatant-craft crewmen</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">United States Air Force<br /><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Special_Operations_Command" title="Air Force Special Operations Command">AFSOC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><i>Units</i></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/1st_Special_Operations_Wing" title="1st Special Operations Wing">1st Special Operations Wing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/24th_Special_Operations_Wing" title="24th Special Operations Wing">24th Special Operations Wing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/27th_Special_Operations_Wing" title="27th Special Operations Wing">27th Special Operations Wing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/137th_Special_Operations_Wing" title="137th Special Operations Wing">137th Special Operations Wing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/193rd_Special_Operations_Wing" title="193rd Special Operations Wing">193rd Special Operations Wing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/352nd_Special_Operations_Wing" title="352nd Special Operations Wing">352nd Special Operations Wing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/353rd_Special_Operations_Wing" title="353rd Special Operations Wing">353rd Special Operations Wing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/492nd_Special_Operations_Wing" title="492nd Special Operations Wing">492nd Special Operations Wing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/919th_Special_Operations_Wing" title="919th Special Operations Wing">919th Special Operations Wing</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><i>Types</i></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Pararescue" title="United States Air Force Pararescue">Pararescue</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Combat_Control_Team" title="United States Air Force Combat Control Team">Combat Control Team</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Special_Reconnaissance" title="United States Air Force Special Reconnaissance">Special Reconnaissance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Combat_Rescue_Officer" title="United States Air Force Combat Rescue Officer">Combat Rescue Officer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Special_Tactics_Officer" title="United States Air Force Special Tactics Officer">Special Tactics Officer</a></dd> <dd>Combat Aviation Advisors</dd> <dd>Psychological Operations</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Special_mission_unit" title="Special mission unit">Special mission units</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Joint_Special_Operations_Command" title="Joint Special Operations Command">JSOC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><i>Army</i></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Delta_Force" title="Delta Force">1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta</a> (Delta Force)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Support_Activity" title="Intelligence Support Activity">Intelligence Support Activity</a> (ISA / The Activity)</dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><i>Navy</i></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/SEAL_Team_Six" title="SEAL Team Six">Naval Special Warfare Development Group</a> (DEVGRU / SEAL Team Six)</dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><i>Air Force</i></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/24th_Special_Tactics_Squadron" title="24th Special Tactics Squadron">24th Special Tactics Squadron</a> (24 STS)</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Communications_Unit" title="Joint Communications Unit">Joint Communications Unit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Theater Special<br />Operations Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Command_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Operations Command Africa">SOCAFRICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Command_Central" title="Special Operations Command Central">SOCCENT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Command_Europe" title="Special Operations Command Europe">SOCEUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Command_Korea" title="Special Operations Command Korea">SOCKOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Command_Pacific" title="Special Operations Command Pacific">SOCPAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Command_North" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Operations Command North">SOCNORTH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Command_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Operations Command South">SOCSOUTH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><b>Source:</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.socom.mil/News/Documents/USSOCOM_Fact_Book_2013.pdf">SOCOM 2013 Fact Book</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482421#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482421#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482421#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000091344079">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/133679619">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79094506">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007269265505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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