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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> 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for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Henotheism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henote%C3%AFsme" title="Henoteïsme – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Henoteïsme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henotheismus" title="Henotheismus – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Henotheismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="هينوثية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هينوثية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henote%C3%ADsmu" title="Henoteísmu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Henoteísmu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoteizm" title="Henoteizm – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Henoteizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%88%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="সর্বোচ্চঈশ্বরবাদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সর্বোচ্চঈশ্বরবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Примотеизъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Примотеизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoteisme" title="Henoteisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Henoteisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoteismus" title="Henoteismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Henoteismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoteisme" title="Henoteisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Henoteisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henotheismus" title="Henotheismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Henotheismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoteism" title="Henoteism – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Henoteism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%8A%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ενοθεϊσμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ενοθεϊσμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henote%C3%ADsmo" title="Henoteísmo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Henoteísmo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoteismo" title="Henoteismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Henoteismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="تک‌خداگزینی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تک‌خداگزینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9noth%C3%A9isme" title="Hénothéisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hénothéisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henote%C3%AFsme" title="Henoteïsme – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Henoteïsme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henote%C3%ADsmo" title="Henoteísmo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Henoteísmo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EC%9D%BC%EC%8B%A0%EA%B5%90" title="단일신교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="단일신교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoteisme" title="Henoteisme – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Henoteisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoteismo" title="Enoteismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Enoteismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="הנותאיזם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הנותאיזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ჰენოთეიზმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰენოთეიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henotheismus" title="Henotheismus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Henotheismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoteizmas" title="Henoteizmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Henoteizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoteisme" title="Enoteisme – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Enoteisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoteism" title="Enoteism – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Enoteism" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoteizmus" title="Henoteizmus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Henoteizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hen%C3%B4teisma" title="Henôteisma – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Henôteisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henothe%C3%AFsme" title="Henotheïsme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Henotheïsme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%98%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" title="単一神教 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="単一神教" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoteisme" title="Henoteisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Henoteisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoteizm" title="Enoteizm – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Enoteizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoteizm" title="Henoteizm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Henoteizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henote%C3%ADsmo" title="Henoteísmo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Henoteísmo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoteism" title="Henoteism – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Henoteism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Генотеизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Генотеизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoteizmi" title="Henoteizmi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Henoteizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henotheism" title="Henotheism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Henotheism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoteizmus" title="Henoteizmus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Henoteizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoteizam" title="Henoteizam – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Henoteizam" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoteizam" title="Henoteizam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Henoteizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoteismi" title="Henoteismi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Henoteismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoteism" title="Henoteism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Henoteism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="อติเทวนิยม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อติเทวนิยม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Ҳенотеизм – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳенотеизм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoteizm" title="Henoteizm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Henoteizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%97%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Генотеїзм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Генотеїзм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="رب الاربابیت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رب الاربابیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%BB%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="单一主神论 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="单一主神论" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Theism" title="Theism">Theism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Types of faith</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">Agnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apatheism" title="Apatheism">Apatheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_theism" title="Classical theism">Classical theism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ietsism" title="Ietsism">Ietsism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theological_noncognitivism" title="Theological noncognitivism">Ignosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">Monotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">Monism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dualism_in_cosmology" title="Dualism in cosmology">Dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monolatry" title="Monolatry">Monolatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathenotheism" title="Kathenotheism">Kathenotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnism" title="Omnism">Omnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandeism" title="Pandeism">Pandeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panentheism" title="Panentheism">Panentheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">Pantheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transtheism" title="Transtheism">Transtheism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Specific conceptions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creator_deity" title="Creator deity">Creator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demiurge" title="Demiurge">Demiurge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deus" title="Deus">Deus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_of_the_Good" title="Form of the Good">Form of the Good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptions_of_God" title="Conceptions of God">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Architect_of_the_Universe" title="Great Architect of the Universe">Great Architect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monad_(philosophy)" title="Monad (philosophy)">Monad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_goddess" title="Mother goddess">Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summum_bonum" title="Summum bonum">Summum bonum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">Supreme Being</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord#Religion" title="Lord">The Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dualism_in_cosmology#Duotheism,_bitheism,_ditheism" title="Dualism in cosmology">Ditheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">Monism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_god" title="Personal god">Personal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarianism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">In particular religions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-bottom:0;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/God_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="God in Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="God in the Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Mormonism" title="God in Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi" title="Hayyi Rabbi">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism#Beliefs" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indo-Iranian</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Hinduism" title="God in Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creator_in_Buddhism" title="Creator in Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Jainism" title="God in Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Sikhism" title="God in Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Yungdrung Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_theology" title="Chinese theology">Chinese</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tian" title="Tian">Tian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangdi" title="Shangdi">Shangdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongjun_Laozu" title="Hongjun Laozu">Hongjun Laozu</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Attributes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eternity#God_and_eternity" title="Eternity">Eternalness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existence_of_God" title="Existence of God">Existence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_of_God" title="Gender of God">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God" title="Names of God">Names</a> (<a href="/wiki/God_(word)" title="God 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href="/wiki/Category:Philosophical_schools_and_traditions" title="Category:Philosophical schools and traditions">Philosophies</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_by_period" title="Category:Philosophy by period">By period</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_philosophy" title="Ancient philosophy">Ancient</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_philosophy" title="Ancient Egyptian philosophy">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Ancient Greek philosophy">Greek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_philosophy" title="Medieval philosophy">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_philosophy" title="Renaissance philosophy">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_philosophy" title="Modern philosophy">Modern</a></li> <li><a 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">Aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_education" title="Philosophy of education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_history" title="Philosophy of history">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_language" title="Philosophy of language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphilosophy" title="Metaphilosophy">Metaphilosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind" title="Philosophy of mind">Mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontology" title="Ontology">Ontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenomenology_(philosophy)" title="Phenomenology (philosophy)">Phenomenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_religion" title="Philosophy of religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_science" title="Philosophy of science">Science</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_philosophers" title="Lists of philosophers">Philosophers</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aestheticians" title="List of aestheticians">Aesthetic philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_epistemologists" title="List of epistemologists">Epistemologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethicists" title="List of ethicists">Ethicists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_logicians" title="List of logicians">Logicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metaphysicians" title="List of metaphysicians">Metaphysicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_philosophers_of_mind" title="List of philosophers of mind">Philosophers of mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_sociopolitical_thinkers" title="Index of sociopolitical thinkers">Social and political philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_philosophy" title="Women in philosophy">Women in philosophy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philosophy_sidebar" title="Template:Philosophy sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philosophy_sidebar" title="Template talk:Philosophy sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Philosophy_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Philosophy sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Henotheism</b> is the worship of a single, supreme <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">god</a> that does not deny the existence or possible existence of other <a href="/wiki/Deities" class="mw-redirect" title="Deities">deities</a> that may be worshipped.<sup id="cite_ref-Noll2001_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noll2001-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-taliaferro78_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taliaferro78-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannicamonolatry_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannicamonolatry-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich Schelling">Friedrich Schelling</a> (1775–1854) coined the word, and <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Welcker" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich Welcker">Friedrich Welcker</a> (1784–1868) used it to depict primitive <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheism</a> among ancient Greeks.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Max_M%C3%BCller" title="Max Müller">Max Müller</a> (1823–1900), a British philologist and <a href="/wiki/Oriental_studies" title="Oriental studies">orientalist</a>, brought the term into wider usage in his scholarship on the <a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian religions</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alonp370_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alonp370-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> particularly <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, whose scriptures mention and praise numerous deities as if they are one ultimate unitary divine essence.<sup id="cite_ref-taliaferro78_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taliaferro78-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Müller made the term central to his criticism of <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western</a> theological and religious <a href="/wiki/Exceptionalism" title="Exceptionalism">exceptionalism</a> (relative to <a href="/wiki/Eastern_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern religion">Eastern religions</a>), focusing on a cultural <a href="/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma">dogma</a> which held "monotheism" to be both fundamentally well-defined and inherently superior to differing <a href="/wiki/Concepts_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Concepts of God">concepts of God</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition_and_terminology">Definition and terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henotheism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition and terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Friedrich Schelling coined the German term <i>Henotheismus</i> from <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <i> </i>ἕν<i> (hén)</i> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">one</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> and German <i>Theismus</i> 'theism' (which comes from <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <i> </i>θεός<i> (theós)</i> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">god</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-taliaferro78_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taliaferro78-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fahlbusch524_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fahlbusch524-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term refers to a form of <a href="/wiki/Theism" title="Theism">theism</a> focused on a single god. Related terms are <a href="/wiki/Monolatry" title="Monolatry">monolatry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kathenotheism" title="Kathenotheism">kathenotheism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannicamonolatry_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannicamonolatry-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter term is an extension of "henotheism", from <i> </i>καθ' ἕνα θεόν<i> (kath' hena theon)</i> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">"one god at a time"</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henotheism refers to a pluralistic theology wherein different deities are viewed to be of a unitary, equivalent divine essence.<sup id="cite_ref-taliaferro78_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taliaferro78-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another term related to henotheism is "equitheism", referring to the belief that all gods are equal.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, the term henotheism does not exclude <a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">monism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nonduality_(spirituality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonduality (spirituality)">nondualism</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Dualistic_cosmology" class="mw-redirect" title="Dualistic cosmology">dualism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-alonp370_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alonp370-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various scholars prefer the term monolatry to henotheism, to discuss religions where a single god is central, but the existence or the position of other gods is not denied.<sup id="cite_ref-britannicamonolatry_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannicamonolatry-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fahlbusch524_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fahlbusch524-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Christoph Elsas, henotheism in modern usage connotes a <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretic</a> stage in the development of religions in late antiquity. A henotheist may worship a single god from a <a href="/wiki/Pantheon_(gods)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantheon (gods)">pantheon</a> of deities at a given time, depending on his or her choice, while accepting other deities and concepts of god.<sup id="cite_ref-taliaferro78_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taliaferro78-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alonp370_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alonp370-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henotheism and inclusive monotheism are terms that refer to a middle position between unlimited polytheism and exclusive monotheism.<sup id="cite_ref-britannicamonolatry_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannicamonolatry-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henotheism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Zoroastrianism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iranian_studies" title="Iranian studies">Iranian studies</a></div> <p>Zoroastrianism is often regarded as one of the oldest monotheistic religions in the world. Although <a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ahura Mazda</a> is the supreme god, Zoroastrianism believes in lesser divinities known as Yazatas.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These <a href="/wiki/Yazatas" class="mw-redirect" title="Yazatas">yazatas</a> ("good agents") include <a href="/wiki/Anahita" title="Anahita">Anahita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sraosha" title="Sraosha">Sraosha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mithra" title="Mithra">Mithra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rashnu" title="Rashnu">Rashnu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tishtrya" title="Tishtrya">Tishtrya</a>. According to some scholars, there are two issues that have long made it problematic to identify Zoroastrianism as true monotheism: the presence of lesser deities and dualism. But before hastening to conclude that the Amesha Spentas and the other yazatas compromise the purity of monotheism, we should consider that the other historical monotheisms too made room for other figures endowed with supernatural powers to bridge the gulf between the exalted, remote Creator God and the human world: the angels in all of them (whose conception in post-exilic Judaism was apparently developed after the pattern of the Amesha Spentas; Boyce and Grenet, 1991, 404–405), the saints and the Virgin Mary in several Christian churches, and the other persons of the Trinity in all of Christianity. Despite the vast differences with Zoroastrian theology, the common thread is that all these beings are subordinate to the Godhead as helpers or (in the case of the persons of the Trinity) co-equals, hence they do not pursue different interests and are worshiped jointly with the Godhead, not separately; therefore the supplicant's dilemma does not arise.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others such as <a href="/wiki/Richard_Foltz" title="Richard Foltz">Richard Foltz</a> has put forth evidence that <a href="/wiki/History_of_Iran" title="History of Iran">Iranians of Pre-Islamic era</a> worshipped all these figures, especially Mithra and Anahita.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Prods_Oktor_Skj%C3%A6rv%C3%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Prods Oktor Skjærvø">Prods Oktor Skjærvø</a> states Zoroastrianism is henotheistic, and "a dualistic and polytheistic religion, but with one supreme god, who is the father of the ordered cosmos".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other scholars state that this is unclear, because historic texts present a conflicting picture, ranging from Zoroastrianism's belief in "one god, two gods, or a best god henotheism".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hinduism">Hinduism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henotheism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hinduism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindu_views_on_monotheism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu views on monotheism">Hindu views on monotheism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism" title="History of Hinduism">History of Hinduism</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="; color: #202122;background-color: #FFE0BB;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><b>To what is One</b> </p> <div class="poem"> <p>They call him Indra, Mitra, Varuna, Agni,<br /> and he is heavenly-winged Garutman.<br /> To what is One, sages give many a title. </p> </div> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">— <i><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a> 1.164.46</i><br />Transl: <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Klostermaier" title="Klaus Klostermaier">Klaus Klostermaier</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>Henotheism was the term used by scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Max_M%C3%BCller" title="Max Müller">Max Müller</a> to describe the theology of <a href="/wiki/Historical_Vedic_religion" title="Historical Vedic religion">Vedic religion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-max_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-max-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-taliaferro78_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taliaferro78-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Müller noted that the hymns of the <i><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></i>, the oldest scripture of Hinduism, mention many deities, but praises them successively as the "one ultimate, supreme God", alternatively as "one supreme Goddess",<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thereby asserting that the essence of the deities was unitary (<i><a href="/wiki/Ekam" title="Ekam">ekam</a></i>), and the deities were nothing but pluralistic manifestations of the same concept of the divine (God).<sup id="cite_ref-taliaferro78_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taliaferro78-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alonp370_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alonp370-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fahlbusch524_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fahlbusch524-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Vedic era conceptualization of the divine or the One, states Jeaneane Fowler, is more abstract than a monotheistic God, it is the Reality behind and of the phenomenal universe.<sup id="cite_ref-jeaneanefowler43_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jeaneanefowler43-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Vedic hymns treat it as "limitless, indescribable, absolute principle", thus the Vedic divine is something of a <a href="/wiki/Panentheism" title="Panentheism">panentheism</a> rather than simple henotheism.<sup id="cite_ref-jeaneanefowler43_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jeaneanefowler43-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late Vedic era, around the start of Upanishadic age (~800 BCE), theosophical speculations emerge that develop concepts which scholars variously call <a href="/wiki/Nonduality_(spirituality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonduality (spirituality)">nondualism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">monism</a>, as well as forms of non-theism and <a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">pantheism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jeaneanefowler43_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jeaneanefowler43-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of the questioning of the concept of God, in addition to henotheistic hymns found therein, are in later portions of the <i>Rigveda</i>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Nasadiya_Sukta" title="Nasadiya Sukta">Nasadiya Sukta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> calls the metaphysical absolute concept as <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a>, incorporating within it the <a href="/wiki/Transcendence_(religion)" title="Transcendence (religion)">transcendent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Immanence" title="Immanence">immanent</a> reality.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Different schools of thought interpret Brahman as either <a href="/wiki/Personal_god" title="Personal god">personal</a>, impersonal or transpersonal. Ishwar Chandra Sharma describes it as "Absolute Reality, beyond all dualities of existence and non-existence, light and darkness, and of time, space and cause."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hellenistic_religion">Hellenistic religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henotheism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hellenistic religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_religion" title="Hellenistic religion">Hellenistic religion</a></div> <p>While <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_mythology" title="Roman mythology">Roman</a> religion began as <a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">polytheism</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">Classical</a> period, under the influence of philosophy, differing conceptions emerged. Often <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(god)" title="Jupiter (god)">Jupiter</a>) was considered the supreme, all-powerful and all-knowing king and father of the Olympian gods. According to <a href="/wiki/Maijastina_Kahlos" title="Maijastina Kahlos">Maijastina Kahlos</a>, "monotheism was pervasive in the educated circles in Late Antiquity" and "all divinities were interpreted as aspects, particles or epithets of one supreme God".<sup id="cite_ref-maij_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maij-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages:  145, 160">(pp 145, 160)</span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Maximus_Tyrius" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximus Tyrius">Maximus Tyrius</a> (2nd century CE) stated: "In such a mighty contest, sedition and discord, you will see one according law and assertion in all the earth, that there is one God, the king and father of all things, and many gods, sons of God, ruling together with him."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Neoplatonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoplatonic">Neoplatonic</a> philosopher <a href="/wiki/Plotinus" title="Plotinus">Plotinus</a> taught that above the gods of traditional belief was "The One".<sup id="cite_ref-maij_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maij-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages:  145, 160">(pp 145, 160)</span></sup> Maximus, the polytheist grammarian of <a href="/wiki/Madauros" title="Madauros">Madauros</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-maij_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maij-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages:  70">(pp 70)</span></sup> even stated that "only a madman would deny the existence of the supreme God".<sup id="cite_ref-maij_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maij-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages:  145, 160">(pp 145, 160)</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Canaanite_religion_and_Yahwism">Canaanite religion and Yahwism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henotheism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Canaanite religion and Yahwism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_Judaism" title="Second Temple Judaism">Second Temple Judaism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rabbinical_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbinical Judaism">Rabbinical Judaism</a> are emphatically monotheistic; however, its predecessor—the cult of <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a> as it was practiced in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israel_and_Judah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Israel and Judah">ancient Israel</a> during the 9th and 8th centuries BCE (<a href="/wiki/Yahwism" title="Yahwism">Yahwism</a>)—has been described as henotheistic or <a href="/wiki/Monolatric" class="mw-redirect" title="Monolatric">monolatric</a>. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Moab" title="Moab">Moabites</a> worshipped the god <a href="/wiki/Chemosh" title="Chemosh">Chemosh</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Edom" title="Edom">Edomites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaus">Qaus</a>, both of whom were part of the greater <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanite</a> pantheon, headed by the chief god, <a href="/wiki/El_(Canaanite_god)" class="mw-redirect" title="El (Canaanite god)">El</a>. The Canaanite pantheon consisted of <a href="/wiki/El_(deity)" title="El (deity)">El</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asherah" title="Asherah">Asherah</a> as the chief deities, with 70 sons who were said to rule over each of the nations of the earth. These sons were each worshiped within a specific region. <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Noll" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurt Noll">Kurt Noll</a> states that "the Bible preserves a tradition that Yahweh used to 'live' in the south, in the land of Edom" and that the original god of Israel was <a href="/wiki/El_Shaddai" title="El Shaddai">El Shaddai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-noll_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noll-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several biblical stories allude to the belief that the Canaanite gods all existed and were thought to possess the most power in the lands by the people who worshiped them and their sacred objects; their power was believed to be real and could be invoked by the people who patronized them. There are numerous accounts of surrounding nations of Israel showing fear or reverence for the Israelite God despite their continued polytheistic practices.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, in 1 Samuel 4, the <a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistines</a> fret before the second battle of <a href="/wiki/Aphek_(biblical)" title="Aphek (biblical)">Aphek</a> when they learn that the Israelites are bearing the <a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a>, and therefore Yahweh, into battle. The Israelites were forbidden to worship other deities; according to some interpretations of the Bible, they were not fully monotheistic before the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">Babylonian captivity</a>. The biblical scholar <a href="/wiki/Mark_S._Smith" title="Mark S. Smith">Mark S. Smith</a> refers to this stage as a form of <a href="/wiki/Monolatry" title="Monolatry">monolatry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smith argues that Yahweh underwent a process of merging with El and that acceptance of cults of <a href="/wiki/Asherah" title="Asherah">Asherah</a> was common in the period of the Judges.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2 Kings 3:27 has been interpreted as describing a human sacrifice in Moab that led the invading Israelite army to fear the power of <a href="/wiki/Chemosh" title="Chemosh">Chemosh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-boyd_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boyd-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Christianity">In Christianity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henotheism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a>, in his <a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">First Epistle to the Corinthians</a>, writes that "we know that an idol is nothing" and "that there is none other God but one".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He argues in verse 5 that "for though there be that are called gods, whether in heaven or in earth", "but to us there is but one God". Some translators of verse 5 put the words "gods" and "lords" in quotes to indicate that they are gods or lords only <i>so-called</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his <a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Second Epistle to the Corinthians">Second Epistle to the Corinthians</a>, Paul refers to "the god of this world",<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which the 18th-century theologian <a href="/wiki/John_Gill_(theologian)" title="John Gill (theologian)">John Gill</a> interpreted as a reference to <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a> or the material things put before God, such as money, rather than acknowledging any separate deity from God.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henotheism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some scholars have written that <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> (LDS Church) can be characterized as henotheistic but others have rejected that stance. <a href="/wiki/Eugene_England" title="Eugene England">Eugene England</a>, a professor at <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_University" title="Brigham Young University">Brigham Young University</a>, asserted that LDS Presidents <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young" title="Brigham Young">Brigham Young</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fielding_Smith" title="Joseph Fielding Smith">Joseph Fielding Smith</a> along with the LDS scholar <a href="/wiki/B._H._Roberts" title="B. H. Roberts">B. H. Roberts</a> used the LDS interpretation of 1 Corinthians 8:5–6 as "a brief explanation of how it is possible to be both a Christian polytheist (technically a henotheist) and a monotheist".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/BYU" class="mw-redirect" title="BYU">BYU</a> Professor Roger R. Keller rejected descriptions of the LDS Church as polytheistic by countering, as summarized by a reviewer, "Mormons are fundamentally monotheistic because they deal with only one god out of the many which exist."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In their book, <i>Mormon America: The Power and the Promise</i>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_and_Joan_Ostling" title="Richard and Joan Ostling">Richard and Joan Ostling</a>, wrote that some Mormons are comfortable describing themselves as henotheists.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kurt Widmer, professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lethbridge" title="University of Lethbridge">University of Lethbridge</a>, described LDS beliefs as a "cosmic henotheism".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A review of Widmer's book by Bruening and Paulsen in the <i>FARMS Review of Books</i> countered that Widmer's hypothesis was "strongly disconfirmed in light of the total evidence".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Van Hale wrote that "Mormonism teaches the existence of gods who are not the Father, Son, or Holy Ghost" and "the existence of more than one god [is] clearly a Mormon doctrine", but he also said that defining this belief system in theological terms was troublesome. According to Van Hale, henotheism might appear to be "promising" in describing LDS beliefs but is ultimately not accurate because henotheism was intended to describe the worship of a god that was restricted to a specific geographical area.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henotheism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_religion" title="Comparative religion">Comparative religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henosis" title="Henosis">Henosis</a> – Mystical "oneness", "union", or "unity" in classical Greek</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_gods" title="King of the gods">King of the gods</a> – A tendency for one divinity, usually male, to achieve preeminence</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monolatry" title="Monolatry">Monolatry</a> – It is the belief in the existence of many gods, but with the consistent worship of only one deity.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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.sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/40px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/60px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/21px-Draig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/32px-Draig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/42px-Draig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="475" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Mythology">Mythology</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/20px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/40px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/60px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/16px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/25px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/33px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/20px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henotheism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Noll2001-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Noll2001_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNoll2001" class="citation book cs1">Noll, K.L. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2rnyjxLHy-QC&dq=Anat-Yahu++Yahweh&pg=PA248"><i>Canaan and Israel in Antiquity: An Introduction</i></a>. Sheffield Academic Press. p. 249. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84127-318-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84127-318-1"><bdi>978-1-84127-318-1</bdi></a>. <q>From many of the examples provided above, it should be clear that the best preserved example of Iron Age Canaanite henotheism is the anthology we call the Jewish Bible (Christian Old Testament). Although the Bible contains a few late additions designed to transform its religion into monotheism, the overwhelming majority of its texts are henotheistic. To be more precise, the Bible usually expresses monolatry, which is a more extreme form of henotheism. Whereas henotheism believes in many gods, but with one supremely powerful god, monolatry believes in many gods, but with only one god that is worthy of worship. Thus, the monolatrist is a henotheist who acknowledges lesser gods but refuses to worship them.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canaan+and+Israel+in+Antiquity%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pages=249&rft.pub=Sheffield+Academic+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-84127-318-1&rft.aulast=Noll&rft.aufirst=K.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2rnyjxLHy-QC%26dq%3DAnat-Yahu%2B%2BYahweh%26pg%3DPA248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenotheism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taliaferro78-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-taliaferro78_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taliaferro78_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taliaferro78_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taliaferro78_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taliaferro78_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taliaferro78_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taliaferro78_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCharles_TaliaferroVictoria_S._HarrisonStewart_Goetz2012" class="citation book cs1">Charles Taliaferro; Victoria S. Harrison; Stewart Goetz (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ct7fCgAAQBAJ"><i>The Routledge Companion to Theism</i></a>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">78–</span>79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-33823-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-33823-6"><bdi>978-1-136-33823-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115140609/https://books.google.com/books?id=ct7fCgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-01-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Companion+to+Theism&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E78-%3C%2Fspan%3E79&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-136-33823-6&rft.au=Charles+Taliaferro&rft.au=Victoria+S.+Harrison&rft.au=Stewart+Goetz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dct7fCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenotheism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannicamonolatry-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannicamonolatry_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannicamonolatry_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannicamonolatry_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannicamonolatry_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/monotheism">Monotheism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171229113308/https://www.britannica.com/topic/monotheism">Archived</a> 2017-12-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/polytheism">Polytheism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111205729/https://www.britannica.com/topic/polytheism">Archived</a> 2020-11-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Encyclopædia Britannica (2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Karl_Gnuse1997" class="citation book cs1">Robert Karl Gnuse (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pBSJNDndGjwC"><i>No Other Gods: Emergent Monotheism in Israel</i></a>. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 132–133 with footnote 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85075-657-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85075-657-6"><bdi>978-1-85075-657-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+Other+Gods%3A+Emergent+Monotheism+in+Israel&rft.pages=132-133+with+footnote+6&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-85075-657-6&rft.au=Robert+Karl+Gnuse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpBSJNDndGjwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenotheism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Müller, Max. (1878) <i>Lectures on the Origin and Growth of Religion: As Illustrated by the Religions of India.</i> London:Longmans, Green and Co.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alonp370-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alonp370_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alonp370_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alonp370_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alonp370_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIlai_AlonIthamar_GruenwaldItamar_Singer1994" class="citation book cs1">Ilai Alon; Ithamar Gruenwald; Itamar Singer (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A1-l66daLgYC"><i>Concepts of the Other in Near Eastern Religions</i></a>. BRILL Academic. pp. <span class="nowrap">370–</span>371. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004102200" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004102200"><bdi>978-9004102200</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concepts+of+the+Other+in+Near+Eastern+Religions&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E370-%3C%2Fspan%3E371&rft.pub=BRILL+Academic&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-9004102200&rft.au=Ilai+Alon&rft.au=Ithamar+Gruenwald&rft.au=Itamar+Singer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA1-l66daLgYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenotheism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMuller1907" class="citation book cs1">Muller, F. M. (1907). <i>Thoughts on Life and Religion / An Aftermath from the Writings of The Right Honourable Professor Max Müller</i>. Edinburgh: T. and A. Constable, Printers to His Majesty.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thoughts+on+Life+and+Religion+%2F+An+Aftermath+from+the+Writings+of+The+Right+Honourable+Professor+Max+M%C3%BCller&rft.pub=Edinburgh%3A+T.+and+A.+Constable%2C+Printers+to+His+Majesty&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Muller&rft.aufirst=F.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenotheism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/henotheism">"Definition of HENOTHEISM"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221024073028/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/henotheism">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of+HENOTHEISM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fhenotheism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenotheism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fahlbusch524-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fahlbusch524_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fahlbusch524_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fahlbusch524_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChristoph_Elsas1999" class="citation book cs1">Christoph Elsas (1999). Erwin Fahlbusch (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yaecVMhMWaEC"><i>The Encyclopedia of Christianity</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans. p. 524. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11695-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11695-5"><bdi>978-90-04-11695-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Christianity&rft.pages=524&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11695-5&rft.au=Christoph+Elsas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyaecVMhMWaEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenotheism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=kathenotheism">"Online Etymology Dictionary: kathenotheism"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090629071644/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=kathenotheism">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-06-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary%3A+kathenotheism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dkathenotheism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenotheism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarl_Olson2007" class="citation book cs1">Carl Olson (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RVWKClYq4TUC"><i>The Many Colors of Hinduism: A Thematic-historical Introduction</i></a>. Rutgers University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">8–</span>9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-4068-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-4068-9"><bdi>978-0-8135-4068-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Many+Colors+of+Hinduism%3A+A+Thematic-historical+Introduction&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E8-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-4068-9&rft.au=Carl+Olson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRVWKClYq4TUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenotheism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFerrero2021" class="citation journal cs1">Ferrero, Mario (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs41412-021-00113-4">"From Polytheism to Monotheism: Zoroaster and Some Economic Theory"</a>. <i>Homo Oeconomicus</i>. <b>38</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>4): <span class="nowrap">77–</span>108. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs41412-021-00113-4">10.1007/s41412-021-00113-4</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Homo+Oeconomicus&rft.atitle=From+Polytheism+to+Monotheism%3A+Zoroaster+and+Some+Economic+Theory&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E77-%3C%2Fspan%3E108&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs41412-021-00113-4&rft.aulast=Ferrero&rft.aufirst=Mario&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs41412-021-00113-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenotheism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFerrero2021" class="citation journal cs1">Ferrero, Mario (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs41412-021-00113-4">"From Polytheism to Monotheism: Zoroaster and Some Economic Theory"</a>. <i>Homo Oeconomicus</i>. <b>38</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>4): <span class="nowrap">77–</span>108. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs41412-021-00113-4">10.1007/s41412-021-00113-4</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Homo+Oeconomicus&rft.atitle=From+Polytheism+to+Monotheism%3A+Zoroaster+and+Some+Economic+Theory&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E77-%3C%2Fspan%3E108&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs41412-021-00113-4&rft.aulast=Ferrero&rft.aufirst=Mario&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs41412-021-00113-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenotheism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Foltz" title="Richard Foltz">Richard Foltz</a>, "Religions of Iran: From Prehistory to the Present", Oneworld Publications, 2013, p. xiv</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Prods Oktor Skjærvø (2006), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~iranian/Zoroastrianism/Zoroastrianism1_Intro.pdf">Introduction to Zoroastrianism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170713150418/http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~iranian/Zoroastrianism/Zoroastrianism1_Intro.pdf">Archived</a> 2017-07-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, 2005, Harvard University Archives, p. 15 with footnote 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrian_Arthur_Brown2016" class="citation book cs1">Brian Arthur Brown (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_MsvDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA347"><i>Four Testaments: Tao Te Ching, Analects, Dhammapada, Bhagavad Gita: Sacred Scriptures of Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism, and Hinduism</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. <span class="nowrap">347–</span>349. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-6578-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-6578-3"><bdi>978-1-4422-6578-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Four+Testaments%3A+Tao+Te+Ching%2C+Analects%2C+Dhammapada%2C+Bhagavad+Gita%3A+Sacred+Scriptures+of+Taoism%2C+Confucianism%2C+Buddhism%2C+and+Hinduism&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E347-%3C%2Fspan%3E349&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-6578-3&rft.au=Brian+Arthur+Brown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_MsvDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA347&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenotheism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKlaus_K._Klostermaier2010" class="citation book cs1">Klaus K. Klostermaier (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8CVviRghVtIC"><i>A Survey of Hinduism: Third Edition</i></a>. State University of New York Press. pp. 103 with footnote 10 on page 529. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-8011-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-8011-3"><bdi>978-0-7914-8011-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Survey+of+Hinduism%3A+Third+Edition&rft.pages=103+with+footnote+10+on+page+529&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-8011-3&rft.au=Klaus+K.+Klostermaier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8CVviRghVtIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenotheism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also, Griffith's Rigveda translation: <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Rig_Veda/Mandala_1/Hymn_164">Wikisource</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190506235352/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Rig_Veda/Mandala_1/Hymn_164">Archived</a> 2019-05-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-max-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-max_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sugirtharajah, Sharada, <i>Imagining Hinduism: A Postcolonial Perspective</i>, Routledge, 2004, p.44;</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_A._Graham1993" class="citation book cs1">William A. Graham (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XzYX0T-ZqTcC"><i>Beyond the Written Word: Oral Aspects of Scripture in the History of Religion</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">70–</span>71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-44820-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-44820-8"><bdi>978-0-521-44820-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+Written+Word%3A+Oral+Aspects+of+Scripture+in+the+History+of+Religion&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E70-%3C%2Fspan%3E71&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-521-44820-8&rft.au=William+A.+Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXzYX0T-ZqTcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenotheism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jeaneanefowler43-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jeaneanefowler43_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jeaneanefowler43_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jeaneanefowler43_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJeaneane_D._Fowler2002" class="citation book cs1">Jeaneane D. Fowler (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8dRZ4E-qgz8C"><i>Perspectives of Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Hinduism</i></a>. Sussex Academic Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">43–</span>44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-898723-93-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-898723-93-6"><bdi>978-1-898723-93-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perspectives+of+Reality%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Philosophy+of+Hinduism&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E43-%3C%2Fspan%3E44&rft.pub=Sussex+Academic+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-898723-93-6&rft.au=Jeaneane+D.+Fowler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8dRZ4E-qgz8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenotheism" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJames_L._Ford2016" class="citation book cs1">James L. Ford (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Tk14CwAAQBAJ"><i>The Divine Quest, East and West: A Comparative Study of Ultimate Realities</i></a>. State University of New York Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">308–</span>309. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-6055-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-6055-0"><bdi>978-1-4384-6055-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Divine+Quest%2C+East+and+West%3A+A+Comparative+Study+of+Ultimate+Realities&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E308-%3C%2Fspan%3E309&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4384-6055-0&rft.au=James+L.+Ford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTk14CwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenotheism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNinian_Smart2013" class="citation book cs1">Ninian Smart (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yHE2aL8735AC"><i>The Yogi and the Devotee (Routledge Revivals): The Interplay Between the Upanishads and Catholic Theology</i></a>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">46–</span>47, 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-62933-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-62933-4"><bdi>978-1-136-62933-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Yogi+and+the+Devotee+%28Routledge+Revivals%29%3A+The+Interplay+Between+the+Upanishads+and+Catholic+Theology&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E46-%3C%2Fspan%3E47%2C+117&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-136-62933-4&rft.au=Ninian+Smart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyHE2aL8735AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenotheism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJessica_Frazier2013" class="citation book cs1">Jessica Frazier (2013). Russell Re Manning (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eFGYYtfBGFYC"><i>The Oxford Handbook of Natural Theology</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">172–</span>173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-161171-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-161171-1"><bdi>978-0-19-161171-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Natural+Theology&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E172-%3C%2Fspan%3E173&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-19-161171-1&rft.au=Jessica+Frazier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeFGYYtfBGFYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenotheism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">PT Raju (2006), Idealistic Thought of India, Routledge, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1406732627" title="Special:BookSources/978-1406732627">978-1406732627</a>, page 426 and Conclusion chapter part XII</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJeffrey_Brodd2003" class="citation book cs1">Jeffrey Brodd (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hPiv0w6BDSQC"><i>World Religions: A Voyage of Discovery</i></a>. Saint Mary's Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">43–</span>45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88489-725-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88489-725-5"><bdi>978-0-88489-725-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Religions%3A+A+Voyage+of+Discovery&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E43-%3C%2Fspan%3E45&rft.pub=Saint+Mary%27s+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-88489-725-5&rft.au=Jeffrey+Brodd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhPiv0w6BDSQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenotheism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8120814684" title="Special:BookSources/978-8120814684">978-8120814684</a>, page 91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ishwar Chandra Sharma, <i>Ethical Philosophies of India</i>, Harper & Row, 1970, p.75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maij-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-maij_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maij_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maij_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maij_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKahlos2007" class="citation book cs1">Kahlos, Maijastina (2007). <i>Debate and Dialogue: Christian and pagan cultures <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 360–430</span></i>. Ashgate Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debate+and+Dialogue%3A+Christian+and+pagan+cultures+%3Cabbr+title%3D%22circa%22%3Ec.%3C%2Fabbr%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22white-space%3Anowrap%3B%22%3E%26thinsp%3B360%E2%80%93430%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Kahlos&rft.aufirst=Maijastina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenotheism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTyrius1804" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Maximus_Tyrius" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximus Tyrius">Tyrius, Maximus</a> (1804). "Dissertation I. What God is according to Plato". In Taylor, Thomas (ed.). <i>The Dissertations of Maximus Tyrius</i>. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dissertation+I.+What+God+is+according+to+Plato&rft.btitle=The+Dissertations+of+Maximus+Tyrius&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1804&rft.aulast=Tyrius&rft.aufirst=Maximus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenotheism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-noll-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-noll_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Noll" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurt Noll">K. L. Noll</a> <i>Canaan and Israel in Antiquity: An Introduction</i>, Continuum, 2002, p.123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Bridger, Samuel Wolk et al., <i>The New Jewish Encyclopedia</i>, Behrman House, 1976, pp.326-7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smith-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-smith_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smith_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark S. Smith, <i>The Early History of God: Yahweh and the Other Deities in Ancient Israel</i>, Eerdmans Publishing, 2002, pp.58, 183</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boyd-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-boyd_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gregory A. Boyd, <i>God at War: The Bible & Spiritual Conflict</i>, InterVarsity Press, 1997, p.118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bible</i>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Corinthians#8:4" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Corinthians">1 Corinthians 8:4–6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/Bible.cfm?b=1Cr&c=8&t=NKJV#vrsn/5">"1 Corinthians 8:5b, in the NKJV and several versions"</a>. <i>blueletterbible.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150527201640/http://www.blueletterbible.org/Bible.cfm?b=1Cr&c=8&t=NKJV#vrsn/5">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blueletterbible.org&rft.atitle=1+Corinthians+8%3A5b%2C+in+the+NKJV+and+several+versions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blueletterbible.org%2FBible.cfm%3Fb%3D1Cr%26c%3D8%26t%3DNKJV%23vrsn%2F5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenotheism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Corinthians#4:4" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Corinthians">2 Corinthians 4:4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGill" class="citation book cs1">Gill, John. <i>John Gill's Exposition of the Bible</i>. pp. 2 Corinthians 4:4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Gill%27s+Exposition+of+the+Bible&rft.pages=2+Corinthians+4%3A4&rft.aulast=Gill&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenotheism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Englund, Eugene. "The Weeping God of Mormonism". <i>Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought</i>, 35(1), Spring 2002, pp. 63–80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sillman, H. Jeffrey. "A One-Sided Dialogue", <i>Sunstone</i>, June 1989, pp. 48–49 (review of Roger R. Keller's "Reformed Christians and Mormon Christians: Let's Talk", Ann Arbor, Michigan: Pryor Pettengill, 1986)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Osterling, Richard and Osterline, Joan (2007). <i>Mormon America: the power and the promise</i>. HarperCollins. p. 310</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kurt Widmer. <i>Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915</i>. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 2000, p. 158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruening, Ari D. and Paulsen, David L.. "The Development of the Mormon Understanding of God: Early Mormon Modalism and Early Myths". <i>FARMS Review of Books</i> 13/2 (2001), pp. 109–169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hale, Van. "Defining the Mormon Doctrine of Deity: What Can Theological Terminology Tell Us About Our Own Beliefs?" <i>Sunstone 10</i> (January 1985), pp. 23–27.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henotheism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/religion/blrel_theism_heno.htm">What are Henotheism and Monolatry?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111103042028/http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/religion/blrel_theism_heno.htm">Archived</a> 2011-11-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in About Religion</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Conceptions_of_God" title="Conceptions of God">Conceptions of God</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demiurge" title="Demiurge">Demiurge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_simplicity" title="Divine simplicity">Divine simplicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_egoism" title="Ethical egoism">Egoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misotheism" title="Misotheism">Misotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandeism" title="Pandeism">Pandeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_god" title="Personal god">Personal 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<li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Mormonism" title="God in Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Sikhism" title="God in Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="God in the Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiccan_views_of_divinity" title="Wiccan views of divinity">Wicca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Existence_of_God" title="Existence of God">Existence of God</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;">For</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_beauty" title="Argument from beauty">Beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christological_argument" title="Christological argument">Christological</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lewis%27_trilemma" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis' trilemma">Trilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_consciousness" title="Argument from consciousness">Consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmological_argument" title="Cosmological argument">Cosmological</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalam_cosmological_argument" title="Kalam cosmological argument">Kalam cosmological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmological_argument#Aquinas's_argument_from_contingency" title="Cosmological argument">Contingency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmological_argument#Duns_Scotus's_metaphysical_argument" title="Cosmological argument">Metaphysical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_degree" title="Argument from degree">Degree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_desire" title="Argument from desire">Desire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_religious_experience" title="Argument from religious experience">Experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_of_faith" title="Leap of faith">Existential choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine-tuned_universe" title="Fine-tuned universe">Fine-tuned universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontological_argument#Baruch_Spinoza" title="Ontological argument">Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_love" title="Argument from love">Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_and_God" title="Mathematics and God">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_miracles" title="Argument from miracles">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_morality" title="Argument from morality">Morality</a></li> <li><a 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theosophy">Mulla Sadra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal%27s_wager" title="Pascal's wager">Pascal's wager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_reason" title="Argument from reason">Reason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_epistemology" title="Reformed epistemology">Proper basis and Reformed epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_responses_to_the_problem_of_evil" title="Religious responses to the problem of evil">Responses to the problem of evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleological_argument" title="Teleological argument">Teleological</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural-law_argument" title="Natural-law argument">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchmaker_analogy" title="Watchmaker analogy">Watchmaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existence_of_God#Arguments_from_witnesses'_testimony" title="Existence of God">Testimony</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Existence_of_God#Arguments_from_historical_events" title="Existence of God">Historical events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existence_of_God#Arguments_from_the_authority_of_historical_personages" title="Existence of God">Historical personages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark_argument" title="Trademark argument">Trademark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendental_argument_for_the_existence_of_God" title="Transcendental argument for the existence of God">Transcendental</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;">Against</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Boeing_747_gambit" title="Ultimate Boeing 747 gambit">747 gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheist%27s_Wager" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist's Wager">Atheist's Wager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_of_evil" title="Problem of evil">Evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_free_will" title="Argument from free will">Free will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_of_Hell" title="Problem of Hell">Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_inconsistent_revelations" class="mw-redirect" title="Argument from inconsistent revelations">Inconsistent revelations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_nonbelief" title="Argument from nonbelief">Nonbelief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theological_noncognitivism" title="Theological noncognitivism">Noncognitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occam%27s_razor" title="Occam's razor">Occam's razor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnipotence_paradox" title="Omnipotence paradox">Omnipotence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_poor_design" title="Argument from poor design">Poor design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell%27s_teapot" title="Russell's teapot">Russell's teapot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acosmism" title="Acosmism">Acosmism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">Agnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antireligion" title="Antireligion">Antireligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creationism" title="Creationism">Creationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharmism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demonology" title="Demonology">Demonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_command_theory" title="Divine command theory">Divine command theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dualism_in_cosmology" title="Dualism in cosmology">Dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">Esotericism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusivism" title="Exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">Existentialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_existentialism" title="Christian existentialism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheistic_existentialism" title="Atheistic existentialism">Atheistic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theology" title="Feminist theology">Feminist theology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thealogy" title="Thealogy">Thealogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanist_theology" title="Womanist theology">Womanist theology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fideism" title="Fideism">Fideism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_humanism" title="Religious humanism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_humanism" title="Christian humanism">Christian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusivism" title="Inclusivism">Inclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theories_about_religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Theories about religions">Theories about religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">Monism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">Monotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(philosophy)" title="Naturalism (philosophy)">Naturalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysical_naturalism" title="Metaphysical naturalism">Metaphysical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_naturalism" title="Religious naturalism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_naturalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanistic naturalism">Humanistic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondualism" title="Nondualism">Nondualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontheism" title="Nontheism">Nontheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandeism" title="Pandeism">Pandeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panentheism" title="Panentheism">Panentheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">Pantheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perennial_philosophy" title="Perennial philosophy">Perennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Possibilianism" title="Possibilianism">Possibilianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_theology" title="Process theology">Process theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_skepticism" title="Religious skepticism">Religious skepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(beliefs)" title="Spiritualism (beliefs)">Spiritualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_religions" title="East Asian religions">Taoic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theism" title="Theism">Theism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">Transcendentalism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_philosophies" title="List of philosophies">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophers_of_religion" title="Category:Philosophers of religion">Philosophers<br />of religion</a></div><br />(by date active)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;font-weight:normal;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Ancient Greek philosophy">Ancient</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Medieval_philosophy" title="Medieval philosophy">medieval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averroes" title="Averroes">Averroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boethius" title="Boethius">Boethius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudapada" title="Gaudapada">Gaudapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaunilo_of_Marmoutiers" title="Gaunilo of Marmoutiers">Gaunilo of Marmoutiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pico_della_Mirandola" title="Giovanni Pico della Mirandola">Pico della Mirandola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclitus" title="Heraclitus">Heraclitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">King James VI and I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcion_of_Sinope" title="Marcion of Sinope">Marcion of Sinope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Ockham" title="William of Ockham">William of Ockham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;font-weight:normal;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_philosophy" title="Early modern philosophy">Early modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Augustin_Calmet" title="Antoine Augustin Calmet">Augustin Calmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiderius_Erasmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Desiderius Erasmus">Desiderius Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Baruch Spinoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Malebranche" title="Nicolas Malebranche">Nicolas Malebranche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz">Gottfried W Leibniz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wollaston" title="William Wollaston">William Wollaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chubb" title="Thomas Chubb">Thomas Chubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_d%27Holbach" title="Baron d'Holbach">Baron d'Holbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder" title="Johann Gottfried Herder">Johann G Herder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;font-weight:normal;text-align:center;">1800<br />1850</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schleiermacher" title="Friedrich Schleiermacher">Friedrich Schleiermacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Christian_Friedrich_Krause" title="Karl Christian Friedrich Krause">Karl C F Krause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Georg W F Hegel</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Thomas Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whewell" title="William Whewell">William Whewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Feuerbach" title="Ludwig Feuerbach">Ludwig Feuerbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Søren Kierkegaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Ritschl" title="Albrecht Ritschl">Albrecht Ritschl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikan_Spir" title="Afrikan Spir">Afrikan Spir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;font-weight:normal;text-align:center;">1880<br />1900</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Ernst Haeckel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kingdon_Clifford" title="William Kingdon Clifford">W K Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_H%C3%B8ffding" title="Harald Høffding">Harald Høffding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Solovyov_(philosopher)" title="Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher)">Vladimir Solovyov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Troeltsch" title="Ernst Troeltsch">Ernst Troeltsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Otto" title="Rudolf Otto">Rudolf Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Shestov" title="Lev Shestov">Lev Shestov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Bulgakov" title="Sergei Bulgakov">Sergei Bulgakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Florensky" title="Pavel Florensky">Pavel Florensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Cassirer" title="Ernst Cassirer">Ernst Cassirer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Joseph Maréchal">Joseph Maréchal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;font-weight:normal;text-align:center;">1920<br />postwar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">George Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Buber" title="Martin Buber">Martin Buber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">René Guénon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tillich" title="Paul Tillich">Paul Tillich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Barth" title="Karl Barth">Karl Barth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Brunner" title="Emil Brunner">Emil Brunner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Bultmann" title="Rudolf Bultmann">Rudolf Bultmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Marcel" title="Gabriel Marcel">Gabriel Marcel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Niebuhr" title="Reinhold Niebuhr">Reinhold Niebuhr</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hartshorne" title="Charles Hartshorne">Charles Hartshorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mircea_Eliade" title="Mircea Eliade">Mircea Eliade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frithjof_Schuon" title="Frithjof Schuon">Frithjof Schuon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._L._Mackie" title="J. L. Mackie">J L Mackie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kaufmann_(philosopher)" title="Walter Kaufmann (philosopher)">Walter Kaufmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Lings" title="Martin Lings">Martin Lings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Geach" title="Peter Geach">Peter Geach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_I._Mavrodes" title="George I. Mavrodes">George I Mavrodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alston" title="William Alston">William Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Flew" title="Antony Flew">Antony Flew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;font-weight:normal;text-align:center;">1970<br />1990<br />2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Rowe" title="William L. Rowe">William L Rowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewi_Zephaniah_Phillips" title="Dewi Zephaniah Phillips">Dewi Z Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Plantinga" title="Alvin Plantinga">Alvin Plantinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kenny" title="Anthony Kenny">Anthony Kenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Wolterstorff" title="Nicholas Wolterstorff">Nicholas Wolterstorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Swinburne" title="Richard Swinburne">Richard Swinburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Merrihew_Adams" title="Robert Merrihew Adams">Robert Merrihew Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Zacharias" title="Ravi Zacharias">Ravi Zacharias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_van_Inwagen" title="Peter van Inwagen">Peter van Inwagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dennett" title="Daniel Dennett">Daniel Dennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyal_Rue" title="Loyal Rue">Loyal Rue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Marion" title="Jean-Luc Marion">Jean-Luc Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lane_Craig" title="William Lane Craig">William Lane Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Akbar_Rashad" title="Ali Akbar Rashad">Ali Akbar Rashad</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pruss" title="Alexander Pruss">Alexander Pruss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_religion" title="Criticism of religion">Criticism of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desacralization_of_knowledge" title="Desacralization of knowledge">Desacralization of knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_religion" title="Ethics in religion">Ethics in religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exegesis" title="Exegesis">Exegesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">History of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_of_religious_language" title="Problem of religious language">Religious language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_philosophy" title="Religious philosophy">Religious philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_religion_and_science" title="Relationship between religion and science">Relationship between religion and science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_and_rationality" title="Faith and rationality">Faith and rationality</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Index_of_philosophy_of_religion_articles" title="Index of philosophy of religion articles">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" 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class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Theology" title="Template talk:Theology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Theology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Theology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Theology115" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Conceptions_of_God115" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Conceptions_of_God" title="Conceptions of God">Conceptions of God</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theism" title="Theism">Theism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dystheism" title="Dystheism">Dystheism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathenotheism" title="Kathenotheism">Kathenotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontheism" title="Nontheism">Nontheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monolatry" title="Monolatry">Monolatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">Monotheism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urmonotheismus" title="Urmonotheismus">Urmonotheismus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panentheism" title="Panentheism">Panentheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandeism" title="Pandeism">Pandeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">Pantheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polydeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theistic_finitism" title="Theistic finitism">Theistic finitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theopanism" title="Theopanism">Theopanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">Deity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divinity" title="Divinity">Divinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_of_God" title="Gender of God">Gender of God</a> <i>and gods</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goddess" title="Goddess">Goddess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numen" title="Numen">Numen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">Singular god</a><br />theologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By faith</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="God in Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="God in the Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creator_in_Buddhism" title="Creator in Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Hinduism" title="God in Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Jainism" title="God in Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Sikhism" title="God in Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Tenrikyo" title="God in Tenrikyo">Tenrikyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_(philosophy)" title="Absolute (philosophy)">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanationism" title="Emanationism">Emanationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logos" title="Logos">Logos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">Supreme Being</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">God as</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zurvanism" title="Zurvanism">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good" title="Good">Good</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ahura Mazda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Father_of_Greatness" title="Father of Greatness">Father of Greatness</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinitarianism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athanasian_Creed" title="Athanasian Creed">Athanasian Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_Comma" title="Johannine Comma">Comma Johanneum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consubstantiality" title="Consubstantiality">Consubstantiality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homoousion" title="Homoousion">Homoousian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homoiousian" title="Homoiousian">Homoiousian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypostasis_(philosophy_and_religion)" title="Hypostasis (philosophy and religion)">Hypostasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perichoresis" title="Perichoresis">Perichoresis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield_of_the_Trinity" title="Shield of the Trinity">Shield of the Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitarian_formula" title="Trinitarian formula">Trinitarian formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitarianism_in_the_Church_Fathers" title="Trinitarianism in the Church Fathers">Trinity of the Church Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitarian_universalism" title="Trinitarian universalism">Trinitarian universalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">Eschatology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afterlife" title="Afterlife">Afterlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypticism" title="Apocalypticism">Apocalypticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fate_of_the_unlearned" title="Fate of the unlearned">Fate of the unlearned</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fitra" title="Fitra">Fitra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">Heaven</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_religion11" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_eschatology" title="Buddhist eschatology">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_eschatology" title="Hindu eschatology">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Incantations_Scripture" title="Divine Incantations Scripture">Taoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frashokereti" title="Frashokereti">Zoroastrian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theology" title="Feminist theology">Feminist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Buddhism" title="Women in Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_feminism" title="Christian feminism">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Hinduism" title="Women in Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_feminism" title="Jewish feminism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormonism_and_women" title="Mormonism and women">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess" title="Goddess">Goddesses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attributes_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Attributes of God in Christianity">Attributes of God in Christianity</a> / <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binitarianism" title="Binitarianism">Binitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demiurge" title="Demiurge">Demiurge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_simplicity" title="Divine simplicity">Divine simplicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_presence" title="Divine presence">Divine presence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egotheism" title="Egotheism">Egotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotheology" title="Exotheology">Exotheology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theological_hermeneutics" title="Theological hermeneutics">Hermeneutics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_theology" title="Holocaust theology">Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godhead_in_Christianity" title="Godhead in Christianity">Godhead in Christianity</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/God_in_Mormonism" title="God in Mormonism">Latter Day Saints</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Architect_of_the_Universe" title="Great Architect of the Universe">Great Architect of the Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Spirit" title="Great Spirit">Great Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apophatic_theology" title="Apophatic theology">Apophatic theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olelbis" title="Olelbis">Olelbis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_theism" title="Open theism">Open theism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_god" title="Personal god">Personal god</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenomenological_definition_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenomenological definition of God">Phenomenological definition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo%27s_view_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Philo's view of God">Philo's view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_theology" title="Process theology">Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian" title="Tian">Tian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unmoved_mover" title="Unmoved mover">Unmoved mover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God" title="Names of God">Names of God</a> in</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Names of God in Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_titles_and_names_of_Krishna" title="List of titles and names of Krishna">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam" title="Names of God in Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirthankara" title="Tirthankara">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">Judaism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="By_faith115" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">By faith</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Christian188" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Christian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christian_theology" title="History of Christian theology">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christian_theology" title="Outline of Christian theology">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paterology" title="Paterology">Paterology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumatology" title="Pneumatology">Pneumatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_cosmology" title="Biblical cosmology">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiology" title="Ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_ethics" title="Christian ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">Hamartiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianism" title="Messianism">Messianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_theology" title="Political theology">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Practical_theology" title="Practical theology">Practical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_theology" title="Public theology">Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophiology" title="Sophiology">Sophiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Soteriology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Hindu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi_theology" title="Ayyavazhi theology">Ayyavazhi theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Krishnology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Islamic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Oneness</a> of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Holy Scriptures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination_in_Islam" title="Predestination in Islam">Predestination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Last Judgment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_theology" title="Category:Jewish theology">Jewish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Abrahamic prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aggadah" title="Aggadah">Aggadah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_movements" title="Jewish religious movements">Denominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_philosophy" title="Jewish philosophy">Philosophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Modern_pagan_theology" title="Category:Modern pagan theology">Pagan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> 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