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id="toc-Emissions_scandal,_2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electrification_strategy_2025" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electrification_strategy_2025"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.2 Electrification strategy 2025 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electrification_strategy_2025-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production_in_Xinjiang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production_in_Xinjiang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.3 Production in Xinjiang </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production_in_Xinjiang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Auto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Auto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.4 New Auto </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Auto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Operations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Operations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subsidiaries_and_brands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsidiaries_and_brands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Subsidiaries and brands </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subsidiaries_and_brands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Corporate affairs </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Corporate affairs subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Business_trends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_trends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Business trends </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_trends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ownership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ownership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Ownership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ownership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stock_market_listings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stock_market_listings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Stock market listings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stock_market_listings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership,_sales_and_market_share" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership,_sales_and_market_share"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Leadership, sales and market share </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership,_sales_and_market_share-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Co-management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Co-management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Co-management </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Co-management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sponsorships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sponsorships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Sponsorships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sponsorships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Corporate_documents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_documents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Corporate documents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_documents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Volkswagen Group</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" > 67 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_AG" title="Volkswagen AG – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Volkswagen AG" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%86" title="مجموعة فولكسفاغن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجموعة فولكسفاغن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupu_Volkswagen" title="Grupu Volkswagen – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Grupu Volkswagen" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_AG" title="Volkswagen AG – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Volkswagen AG" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Volkswagen Group" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BD)" title="Фольксваген (канцэрн) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фольксваген (канцэрн)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF" title="Фолксваген Груп – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фолксваген Груп" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_grupa" title="Volkswagen grupa – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Volkswagen grupa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_(embregerezh)" title="Volkswagen (embregerezh) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Volkswagen (embregerezh)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grup_Volkswagen" title="Grup Volkswagen – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Grup Volkswagen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Volkswagen Group" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_AG" title="Volkswagen AG – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Volkswagen AG" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Volkswagen Group" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_AG" title="Volkswagen AG – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Volkswagen AG" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_AG" title="Volkswagen AG – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Volkswagen AG" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_AG" title="Volkswagen AG – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Volkswagen AG" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_Volkswagen" title="Grupo Volkswagen – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Grupo Volkswagen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_AG" title="Volkswagen AG – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Volkswagen AG" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Aktiengesellschaft" title="Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%86" title="گروه فولکس‌واگن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گروه فولکس‌واگن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_(entreprise)" title="Volkswagen (entreprise) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Volkswagen (entreprise)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagon_Si%CC%8Dp-th%C3%B2n" title="Volkswagon Si̍p-thòn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Volkswagon Si̍p-thòn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AD%EC%8A%A4%EB%B0%94%EA%B2%90_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A3%B9" title="폭스바겐 그룹 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폭스바겐 그룹" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_(%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B6)" title="Volkswagen (կոնցերն) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Volkswagen (կոնցերն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_grupa" title="Volkswagen grupa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Volkswagen grupa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_AG" title="Volkswagen AG – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Volkswagen AG" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppo_Volkswagen" title="Gruppo Volkswagen – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gruppo Volkswagen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9F" title="קבוצת פולקסווגן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קבוצת פולקסווגן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_AG" title="Volkswagen AG – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Volkswagen AG" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_AG" title="Volkswagen AG – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Volkswagen AG" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_(uz%C5%86%C4%93mums)" title="Volkswagen (uzņēmums) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Volkswagen (uzņēmums)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_AG" title="Volkswagen AG – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Volkswagen AG" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_AG" title="Volkswagen AG – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Volkswagen AG" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Volkswagen" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_AG" title="Volkswagen AG – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Volkswagen AG" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%9A" title="Фолксваген ХК – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Фолксваген ХК" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_AG" title="Volkswagen AG – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Volkswagen AG" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_AG" title="Volkswagen AG – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Volkswagen AG" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97" title="フォルクスワーゲン・グループ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フォルクスワーゲン・グループ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_AG" title="Volkswagen AG – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Volkswagen AG" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Volkswagen Group" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Volkswagen" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Volkswagen Group" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_Volkswagen" title="Grupo Volkswagen – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grupo Volkswagen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Volkswagen" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupul_Volkswagen" title="Grupul Volkswagen – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Grupul Volkswagen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD)" title="Volkswagen (концерн) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Volkswagen (концерн)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Volkswagen Group" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Volkswagen Group" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupi_Volkswagen" title="Grupi Volkswagen – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Grupi Volkswagen" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Volkswagen Group" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koncern_Volkswagen" title="Koncern Volkswagen – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Koncern Volkswagen" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Volkswagen Group" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%86%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%DA%A4%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%86" title="گرووپی فۆلکسڤاگن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گرووپی فۆلکسڤاگن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Volkswagen Group" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Volkswagen Group" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Volkswagen Group" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_AG" title="Volkswagen AG – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Volkswagen AG" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_AG" title="Volkswagen AG – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Volkswagen AG" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="เครือฟ็อลคส์วาเกิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เครือฟ็อลคส์วาเกิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_AG" title="Volkswagen AG – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Volkswagen AG" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volks%C2%ADwa%C2%ADgen" title="Volkswagen – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Volkswagen" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_AG" title="Volkswagen AG – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Volkswagen AG" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_%C4%91o%C3%A0n_Volkswagen" title="Tập đoàn Volkswagen – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tập đoàn Volkswagen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%97%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="大众集团 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="大众集团" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_AG&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkswagen AG">Volkswagen AG</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German multinational automotive manufacturing corporation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the main company. For the flagship marque of this company, see <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Volkswagen AG</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Volkswagen_Group_Logo_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Volkswagen_Group_Logo_2023.svg/250px-Volkswagen_Group_Logo_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Volkswagen_Group_Logo_2023.svg/375px-Volkswagen_Group_Logo_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Volkswagen_Group_Logo_2023.svg/500px-Volkswagen_Group_Logo_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="28" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolfsburg_VWHochhaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Wolfsburg_VWHochhaus.jpg/250px-Wolfsburg_VWHochhaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Wolfsburg_VWHochhaus.jpg/375px-Wolfsburg_VWHochhaus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Wolfsburg_VWHochhaus.jpg/500px-Wolfsburg_VWHochhaus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2202" data-file-height="1554" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Wolfsburg" title="Wolfsburg">Wolfsburg</a>, Germany</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange" title="Frankfurt Stock Exchange">FWB</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boerse-frankfurt.de/equity/DE0007664005">VOW</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange" title="Frankfurt Stock Exchange">FWB</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boerse-frankfurt.de/equity/DE0007664005">VOW3</a> <a href="/wiki/DAX" title="DAX">DAX</a> component (VOW3)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">ISIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a class="external text" href="https://isin.toolforge.org/?language=en&isin=DE0007664005">DE0007664005</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">28 May 1937; 87 years ago (1937-05-28), in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/German_Labour_Front" title="German Labour Front">German Labour Front</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Wolfsburg" title="Wolfsburg">Wolfsburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">Germany</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of locations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Volkswagen_Group_factories" title="List of Volkswagen Group factories">100 production facilities across 27 countries</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Dieter_P%C3%B6tsch" title="Hans Dieter Pötsch">Hans Dieter Pötsch</a> (chairman of the supervisory board)<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Blume" title="Oliver Blume">Oliver Blume</a> (chairman of the board of management)<a href="#cite_note-Oliver_Blume-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">Automobiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commercial_vehicle" title="Commercial vehicle">commercial vehicles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal combustion engines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">motorcycles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turbomachinery" title="Turbomachinery">turbomachinery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production output</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 9,240,000 (2023)<a href="#cite_note-AR21a-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Brands</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Automotive:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVolkswagen_AG2012U60–U73-5">[5]</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi</a> <a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a> <a href="/wiki/Cupra_(marque)" title="Cupra (marque)">Cupra</a> <a href="/wiki/Ducati" title="Ducati">Ducati</a> <a href="/wiki/Lamborghini" title="Lamborghini">Lamborghini</a> <a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a> <a href="/wiki/SEAT" title="SEAT">SEAT</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Auto" title="Škoda Auto">Škoda</a> <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen Cars</a> <a href="/wiki/Scout_Motors" title="Scout Motors">Scout</a></li></ul> </div><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Commercial:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/IC_Bus" title="IC Bus">IC Bus</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Motors" title="International Motors">International Motors</a> <a href="/wiki/MAN_Truck_%26_Bus" title="MAN Truck & Bus">MAN Truck & Bus</a> <a href="/wiki/Scania_AB" title="Scania AB">Scania</a> <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Commercial_Vehicles" title="Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles">VW Commercial Vehicles</a> <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Caminh%C3%B5es_e_%C3%94nibus" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkswagen Caminhões e Ônibus">VW Truck & Bus</a></li></ul> </div><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Design:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Italdesign_Giugiaro" title="Italdesign Giugiaro">Italdesign Giugiaro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Services</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Banking" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking">Banking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Financing" class="mw-redirect" title="Financing">financing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fleet_management" title="Fleet management">fleet management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">insurance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leasing" class="mw-redirect" title="Leasing">leasing</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVolkswagen_AG2012110-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>322.2840 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> €21.586 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> €16.013 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> €630.826 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> €174.757 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owners</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_SE" title="Porsche SE">Porsche SE</a>: 31.4% of equity, 53.3% of votes (as of 31 December 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit">[update]</a>)<a href="#cite_note-AR21a-4">[4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">State of Lower Saxony</a>: 11.8% of equity, 20% of votes (as of 31 December 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit">[update]</a>)<a href="#cite_note-AR21a-4">[4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Investment_Authority" title="Qatar Investment Authority">QIA</a>: 10.5% of equity, 17% of votes (as of 31 December 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit">[update]</a>)<a href="#cite_note-AR21a-4">[4]</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 667,647 employees (average during 2021)<a href="#cite_note-AR21a-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Transportation:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVolkswagen_AG2012U60–U73-5">[5]</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Traton" title="Traton">Traton</a> (89.7%) <a href="/wiki/Porsche_Holding" title="Porsche Holding">Porsche Holding</a> Volkswagen Marine</li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Financial services:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Lamborghini Financial Services Bentley Financial Services Volkswagen Financial Services AG Volkswagen Leasing GmbH Porsche Financial Services Volkswagen Immobilien</li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Logistics:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Volkswagen Group Fleet International Volkswagen Group Supply Volkswagen Air Service</li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Industrial:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Volkswagen Industrial Motor</li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>International:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group_China" title="Volkswagen Group China">Volkswagen Group China</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Auto_Volkswagen_India" title="Škoda Auto Volkswagen India">Volkswagen Group India</a> <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group_of_America" title="Volkswagen Group of America">Volkswagen Group of America</a> <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Argentina" title="Volkswagen Argentina">Volkswagen Argentina</a> <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Australia" title="Volkswagen Australia">Volkswagen Australia</a> Volkswagen Group Canada Volkswagen Group Malaysia <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Volkswagen de México">Volkswagen de México</a> <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_do_Brasil" title="Volkswagen do Brasil">Volkswagen do Brasil</a> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Volkswagen_in_Ireland" title="History of Volkswagen in Ireland">Volkswagen Group Ireland</a> Volkswagen Group Italia <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_of_South_Africa" title="Volkswagen of South Africa">Volkswagen of South Africa</a> Volkswagen Group Taiwan Volkswagen Group United Kingdom Audi</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://volkswagen-group.com">volkswagen-group.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Volkswagen AG (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>German: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈfɔlksˌvaːɡn̩]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0e\/De-Volkswagen.ogg\/De-Volkswagen.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Volkswagen.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/De-Volkswagen.ogg/De-Volkswagen.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:De-Volkswagen.ogg" title="File:De-Volkswagen.ogg">ⓘ</a>), known internationally as the Volkswagen Group, is a German <a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">public</a> <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational</a> <a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(company)" title="Conglomerate (company)">conglomerate</a> manufacturer of passenger and commercial vehicles, motorcycles, engines and turbomachinery. Headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Wolfsburg" title="Wolfsburg">Wolfsburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>, Germany, and since the late 2000s is a publicly-traded <a href="/wiki/Family_business" title="Family business">family business</a> owned by <a href="/wiki/Porsche_SE" title="Porsche SE">Porsche SE</a>, which in turn is half-owned but fully controlled by the Austrian-German <a href="/wiki/Porsche-Pi%C3%ABch_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche-Piëch family">Porsche and Piëch family</a>. The company also offers related services, including financing, leasing, and fleet management. In 2016, it was the world's largest automaker by sales, and keeping this title in 2017, 2018, and 2019, selling 10.9 million vehicles and was the largest automaker by revenue in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> It has maintained the largest market share in Europe for over two decades.<a href="#cite_note-ACEA2012-8">[8]</a> It ranked seventh in the 2020 <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Global_500" title="Fortune Global 500">Fortune Global 500</a> list of the world's largest companies.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> In 2023, Volkswagen Group was the largest company in the European Union and the largest car manufacturer in the world by revenue.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The Volkswagen Group sells passenger cars under the <a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cupra_(marque)" title="Cupra (marque)">Cupra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jetta_(marque)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jetta (marque)">Jetta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lamborghini" title="Lamborghini">Lamborghini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a>, <a href="/wiki/SEAT" title="SEAT">SEAT</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Auto" title="Škoda Auto">Škoda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a> brands, motorcycles under the <a href="/wiki/Ducati" title="Ducati">Ducati</a> name, light commercial vehicles under the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Commercial_Vehicles" title="Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles">Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles</a> brand, and heavy commercial vehicles via the marques of the listed subsidiary <a href="/wiki/Traton" title="Traton">Traton</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_Motors" title="International Motors">International Motors</a>, <a href="/wiki/MAN_Truck_%26_Bus" title="MAN Truck & Bus">MAN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scania_AB" title="Scania AB">Scania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Truck_%26_Bus" title="Volkswagen Truck & Bus">Volkswagen Truck & Bus</a>). It is divided into two primary <a href="/wiki/Division_(business)" title="Division (business)">divisions</a>: the Automotive Division and the Financial Services Division. As of 2008, it had about 342 subsidiary companies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVolkswagen_AG2009-11">[11]</a> Volkswagen also has three joint ventures in China, <a href="/wiki/FAW-Volkswagen" title="FAW-Volkswagen">FAW-Volkswagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/SAIC_Volkswagen" title="SAIC Volkswagen">SAIC Volkswagen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Anhui" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkswagen Anhui">Volkswagen Anhui</a>. The company has operations in roughly 150 countries, and it has 100 production facilities across 27 countries. Volkswagen was founded in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> in 1937 and incorporated in <a href="/wiki/Wolfsburg" title="Wolfsburg">Wolfsburg</a> to manufacture the car that would become known as the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Beetle" title="Volkswagen Beetle">Beetle</a>. The company's production grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1965, it acquired <a href="/wiki/Auto_Union" title="Auto Union">Auto Union</a>, which subsequently produced the first postwar <a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi</a> models. Volkswagen launched a new generation of front-wheel drive vehicles in the 1970s, including the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Passat" title="Volkswagen Passat">Passat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Polo" title="Volkswagen Polo">Polo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Golf" title="Volkswagen Golf">Golf</a>; the latter became its bestseller. Volkswagen acquired a controlling stake in SEAT in 1986, making it the first non-German marque of the company, and acquired control of Škoda in 1994, of Bentley, Lamborghini, and Bugatti in 1998, Scania in 2008 and of Ducati, MAN, and Porsche in 2012. The company's operations in China have grown rapidly in the past decade, with the country becoming its largest market. In 2015, Volkswagen was discovered to have used <a href="/wiki/Defeat_device" title="Defeat device">defeat devices</a> to <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_emissions_scandal" title="Volkswagen emissions scandal">deceive environmental regulators</a> about how much <a href="/wiki/NOx" title="NOx">NOx</a> its cars were emitting. The company was fined billions of dollars. Volkswagen <a href="/wiki/Aktiengesellschaft" title="Aktiengesellschaft">Aktiengesellschaft</a> is a public company and has a primary listing on the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange" title="Frankfurt Stock Exchange">Frankfurt Stock Exchange</a>, where it is a constituent of the <a href="/wiki/Euro_Stoxx_50" class="mw-redirect" title="Euro Stoxx 50">Euro Stoxx 50</a> <a href="/wiki/Stock_market_index" title="Stock market index">stock market index</a>, and secondary listings on the <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Stock_Exchange" title="Luxembourg Stock Exchange">Luxembourg Stock Exchange</a> and <a href="/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange" title="SIX Swiss Exchange">SIX Swiss Exchange</a>. It has been traded in the United States via <a href="/wiki/American_depositary_receipt" title="American depositary receipt">American depositary receipts</a> since 1988, currently on the <a href="/wiki/OTC_Markets_Group" title="OTC Markets Group">OTC Marketplace</a>. Volkswagen delisted from the <a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a> in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-investorfactsheet-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-listedexchanges-13">[13]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lower_Saxony" title="Politics of Lower Saxony">government of Lower Saxony</a> holds 12.7% of the company's shares, granting it, by law, 20% of the voting rights.<a href="#cite_note-interim2011-14">[14]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1937_to_1945">1937 to 1945</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1937 to 1945">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H06734,_Grundsteinlegung_f%C3%BCr_Werk_des_KdF-Wagens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H06734%2C_Grundsteinlegung_f%C3%BCr_Werk_des_KdF-Wagens.jpg/150px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H06734%2C_Grundsteinlegung_f%C3%BCr_Werk_des_KdF-Wagens.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H06734%2C_Grundsteinlegung_f%C3%BCr_Werk_des_KdF-Wagens.jpg/225px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H06734%2C_Grundsteinlegung_f%C3%BCr_Werk_des_KdF-Wagens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H06734%2C_Grundsteinlegung_f%C3%BCr_Werk_des_KdF-Wagens.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H06734%2C_Grundsteinlegung_f%C3%BCr_Werk_des_KdF-Wagens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>26 May 1938: Laying the foundation stone of the first Volkswagen plant by <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>: In the front right is <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Porsche" title="Ferdinand Porsche">Ferdinand Porsche</a></figcaption></figure> Volkswagen (meaning 'People's car' in German) was founded in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> as the Gesellschaft zur Vorbereitung des Deutschen Volkswagens mbH ('Limited Liability Company for the preparation of the German People's Car', abbreviated to Gezuvor) by the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">National Socialist</a> <a href="/wiki/German_Labour_Front" title="German Labour Front">Deutsche Arbeitsfront</a> (German Labour Front) and incorporated in the Stadt des KdF-Wagens bei Fallersleben, ("City of the <a href="/wiki/Strength_Through_Joy" title="Strength Through Joy">Strength Through Joy</a> car at <a href="/wiki/Fallersleben" title="Fallersleben">Fallersleben</a>) on 28 May 1937.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVolkswagen_AG2008a1-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-porsche-75-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-sloniger-17">[17]</a> The purpose of the company was to manufacture the Volkswagen car, originally referred to as the Porsche Type 60, then the Volkswagen Type 1, and commonly called the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Beetle" title="Volkswagen Beetle">Volkswagen Beetle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-VW-intl-hist-18">[18]</a> This vehicle was designed by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Porsche" title="Ferdinand Porsche">Ferdinand Porsche</a>'s consulting firm, and the company was backed by the support of <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SmallWonder-19">[19]</a> On 16 September 1938, Gezuvor was renamed Volkswagenwerk <a href="/wiki/GmbH" title="GmbH">GmbH</a> ('Volkswagen Factory GmbH').<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVolkswagen_AG2008a1-15">[15]</a> Shortly after the factory at <a href="/wiki/Fallersleben" title="Fallersleben">Fallersleben</a> was completed <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> started, and the plant primarily manufactured the military <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_K%C3%BCbelwagen" title="Volkswagen Kübelwagen">Kübelwagen</a> (Porsche Type 82) and the related amphibious <a href="/wiki/Schwimmwagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwimmwagen">Schwimmwagen</a> (Type 166), both of which were derived from the Volkswagen. Only a small number of Type 60 Volkswagens were made during this time. The Fallersleben plant also manufactured the <a href="/wiki/V-1_(flying_bomb)" class="mw-redirect" title="V-1 (flying bomb)">V-1 flying bomb</a>, making the plant a major bombing target for the Allied forces. <a href="/wiki/Slave" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave">Slave</a> labour was utilised in the Volkswagen plant, e.g. from <a href="/wiki/Arbeitsdorf" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbeitsdorf">Arbeitsdorf</a> concentration camp. The company would admit in 1998 that it used 15,000 slaves during the war effort. German historians estimated that 80% of Volkswagen's wartime workforce was slave labour.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Many of the slaves were reported to have been supplied from the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">concentration camps</a> upon request from plant managers. A lawsuit was filed in 1998 by survivors for restitution for the forced labour.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Volkswagen would set up a voluntary restitution fund.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1945_to_1970">1945 to 1970</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1945 to 1970">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VW_Export,_Bj._1951.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/VW_Export%2C_Bj._1951.jpg/220px-VW_Export%2C_Bj._1951.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/VW_Export%2C_Bj._1951.jpg/330px-VW_Export%2C_Bj._1951.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/VW_Export%2C_Bj._1951.jpg/440px-VW_Export%2C_Bj._1951.jpg 2x" data-file-width="797" data-file-height="569" /></a><figcaption>A 1951 <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Beetle" title="Volkswagen Beetle">Volkswagen Beetle</a></figcaption></figure> After the war in Europe, in June 1945, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Hirst" title="Ivan Hirst">Major Ivan Hirst</a><a href="#cite_note-VW-intl-hist-18">[18]</a> of the British Army <a href="/wiki/Royal_Electrical_and_Mechanical_Engineers" title="Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers">Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers</a> (REME) took control of the bomb-shattered factory for use in repairing British Army vehicles, pending the expected disposal of the plant tooling and equipment as <a href="/wiki/War_reparations" title="War reparations">war reparations</a>. However, no British car manufacturer was interested. A British report on the car said that "the vehicle does not meet the fundamental technical requirement of a motor-car … it is quite unattractive to the average buyer … To build the car commercially would be a completely uneconomic enterprise."<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> In 1948, the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> of USA was offered Volkswagen, but <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Breech" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Breech">Ernest Breech</a>, a Ford executive vice president, said he did not think either the plant or the car was "worth a damn."<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Breech later said that he would have considered merging <a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford of Germany">Ford of Germany</a> and Volkswagen, but after the war, ownership of the company was in such dispute that nobody could possibly hope to be able to take it over. As part of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_plans_for_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial plans for Germany">Industrial plans for Germany</a>, large parts of German industry, including Volkswagen, were to be dismantled. Total German car production was set at a maximum of 10% of the 1936 car production numbers.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The company survived by producing cars for the British Army, and in 1948 the British Government handed the company back over to the German state, and it was managed by former <a href="/wiki/Opel" title="Opel">Opel</a> chief <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Nordhoff" title="Heinrich Nordhoff">Heinrich Nordhoff</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Audi_75_in_Rothenburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Audi_75_in_Rothenburg.jpg/220px-Audi_75_in_Rothenburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Audi_75_in_Rothenburg.jpg/330px-Audi_75_in_Rothenburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Audi_75_in_Rothenburg.jpg/440px-Audi_75_in_Rothenburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="601" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Audi_F103" title="Audi F103">Audi F103</a>, in production from 1965 to 1972</figcaption></figure> Production of the Type 60 Volkswagen (re-designated <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Type_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkswagen Type 1">Type 1</a>) started slowly after the war due to the need to rebuild the plant and because of the lack of raw materials, but production grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s. The company began introducing new models based on the Type 1, all with the same basic air-cooled, rear-engine, rear-drive platform. These included the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Type_2" title="Volkswagen Type 2">Volkswagen Type 2</a> in 1950, the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Karmann_Ghia" title="Volkswagen Karmann Ghia">Volkswagen Karmann Ghia</a> in 1955, the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Type_3" title="Volkswagen Type 3">Volkswagen Type 3</a> in 1961, the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Type_4" title="Volkswagen Type 4">Volkswagen Type 4</a> in 1968, and the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Type_181" title="Volkswagen Type 181">Volkswagen Type 181</a> in 1969. In 1960, upon the flotation of part of the <a href="/wiki/German_government" class="mw-redirect" title="German government">German federal government</a>'s stake in the company on the German stock market, its name became Volkswagenwerk <a href="/wiki/Aktiengesellschaft" title="Aktiengesellschaft">Aktiengesellschaft</a> (usually abbreviated to Volkswagenwerk AG). On 1 January 1965, Volkswagenwerk acquired <a href="/wiki/Auto_Union" title="Auto Union">Auto Union GmbH</a> from its parent company <a href="/wiki/Daimler-Benz" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimler-Benz">Daimler-Benz</a>. The new subsidiary went on to produce the first post-war <a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi</a> models, the <a href="/wiki/Audi_F103" title="Audi F103">Audi F103</a> series, shortly afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-chronicle-26">[26]</a> Another German manufacturer, <a href="/wiki/NSU_Motorenwerke_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="NSU Motorenwerke AG">NSU Motorenwerke AG</a>, was merged into Auto Union on 26 August 1969, creating a new company, Audi NSU Auto Union AG (later renamed <a href="/wiki/Audi_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Audi AG">AUDI AG</a> in 1985).<a href="#cite_note-chronicle-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970_to_1999">1970 to 1999</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1970 to 1999">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VW_Golf_I_Facelift_front_20081209.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/VW_Golf_I_Facelift_front_20081209.jpg/220px-VW_Golf_I_Facelift_front_20081209.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/VW_Golf_I_Facelift_front_20081209.jpg/330px-VW_Golf_I_Facelift_front_20081209.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/VW_Golf_I_Facelift_front_20081209.jpg/440px-VW_Golf_I_Facelift_front_20081209.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="1408" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Golf_Mk1" title="Volkswagen Golf Mk1">Volkswagen Golf Mk1</a> - the Golf is the third-bestselling car of all time, selling over 30 million up to 2013.</figcaption></figure> From the late 1970s to 1992, the acronym V.A.G. was used by Volkswagen AG as a brand for group-wide activities, such as distribution and leasing. Contrary to popular belief, "V.A.G." had no official meaning, and was never the formal name of the Volkswagen Group.<a href="#cite_note-TTAC.com-27">[27]</a> On 30 September 1982, Volkswagenwerk made its first step expanding outside Germany by signing a co-operation agreement with the Spanish car manufacturer <a href="/wiki/SEAT" title="SEAT">SEAT, S.A.</a><a href="#cite_note-chronicle-26">[26]</a> To reflect the company's increasing global diversification from its headquarters and main plant (the <a href="/wiki/Wolfsburg_Volkswagen_Plant" title="Wolfsburg Volkswagen Plant">Volkswagenwerk in Wolfsburg</a>), on 4 July 1985, the company name was changed again—to Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft (Volkswagen AG). On 18 June 1986, Volkswagen AG acquired a 51% controlling stake in SEAT, making it the first non-German subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group. On 23 December the same year, it became the Spanish company's major shareholder by increasing its share up to 75%.<a href="#cite_note-chronicle-26">[26]</a> In 1990—after purchasing its entire equity—Volkswagen AG took over the full ownership of SEAT, making the company a wholly owned subsidiary, and on 28 March 1991, another step to the expansion of the group's activities was made through the signing of a joint-venture partnership agreement with <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Auto" title="Škoda Auto">Škoda automobilová a.s.</a> of <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, accompanied with the acquisition of a 30% stake in the Czech car manufacturer on 16 April 1991.<a href="#cite_note-chronicle-26">[26]</a> On 19 December 1994, the group began the acquisition of Škoda Auto by raising its share to 60.3%. Later, on 11 December 1995, it became the Czech company's largest and controlling shareholder by increasing its share up to 70%.<a href="#cite_note-Skoda_Auto_ownership_chronicle-28">[28]</a> Three prestige automotive marques were added to the Volkswagen portfolio in 1998: <a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lamborghini" title="Lamborghini">Lamborghini</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bugatti_Automobiles" title="Bugatti Automobiles">Bugatti</a>.<a href="#cite_note-chronicle-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000_to_present">2000 to present</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2000 to present">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2009_Skoda_Superb_Elegance_CRTDi_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/2009_Skoda_Superb_Elegance_CRTDi_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg/220px-2009_Skoda_Superb_Elegance_CRTDi_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/2009_Skoda_Superb_Elegance_CRTDi_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg/330px-2009_Skoda_Superb_Elegance_CRTDi_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/2009_Skoda_Superb_Elegance_CRTDi_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg/440px-2009_Skoda_Superb_Elegance_CRTDi_Automatic_2.0_Front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4699" data-file-height="2351" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Superb" title="Škoda Superb">Škoda Superb</a> B6, in production from 2008 to 2015</figcaption></figure> On 30 May 2000, after having gradually raised its equity share, Volkswagen AG took over the full ownership of Škoda Auto, making the company a wholly owned subsidiary.<a href="#cite_note-chronicle-26">[26]</a> From 2002 up to 2007, the Volkswagen Group's automotive division was restructured so that two major Brand Groups with different profile would be formed,<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> the Audi Brand Group focused on more sporty values – consisted of Audi, SEAT and Lamborghini – and the Volkswagen Brand Group on the field of classic values – consisted of Volkswagen, Skoda, Bentley and Bugatti<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> – with each Brand Group's product vehicles and performance being respectively under the higher responsibility of Audi and Volkswagen brands. Volkswagen Group revealed on 24 October 2009 that it had made an offer to acquire long-time partner and German niche automotive manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Karmann" title="Karmann">Wilhelm Karmann GmbH</a> out of bankruptcy protection.<a href="#cite_note-bbg_20091024-32">[32]</a> In November 2009, the supervisory board of Volkswagen AG approved the acquisition of assets of Karmann, and planned to restart vehicle production at their <a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a> plant in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-pr-karman-33">[33]</a> In December 2009, Volkswagen AG bought a 49.9% stake in <a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG</a> (more commonly known as Porsche AG) in a first step towards an 'integrated automotive group' with Porsche.<a href="#cite_note-VWAG_merger-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">merger</a> of Volkswagen AG and Porsche SE was scheduled to take place during the course of 2011. On 8 September 2011, it was announced that the planned merger "cannot be implemented within the time frame provided for in the Comprehensive Agreement". As reasons, unquantifiable legal risks, including a criminal probe into the holding's former management team were given. Both parties "remain committed to the goal of creating an integrated automotive group with Porsche and are convinced that this will take place".<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> On 4 July 2012 Volkswagen group announced they would wrap up the remaining half of <a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a> shares for 4.46 billion euros (US$5.58 billion) on 1 August 2012 to avoid taxes of as much as 1.5 billion euros, which would have to be paid if the wrap up happened after 31 July 2014.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Volkswagen AG purchased the remaining stake in Porsche AG equaling 100% of the shares in Porsche Zwischenholding GmbH, effectively becoming its parent company as of 1 August 2012.<a href="#cite_note-VolkswagentoBuyPorsche-40">[40]</a> Volkswagen AG completed the purchase of 19.9% of <a href="/wiki/Suzuki" title="Suzuki">Suzuki Motor Corporation</a>'s issued shares on 15 January 2010.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Suzuki invested part of the amount received from Volkswagen into 1.49% percent of Volkswagen.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> In 2011, Suzuki filed a lawsuit at an arbitration court in London requesting that Volkswagen return the 19.9% stake.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> On 25 May 2010, it was announced that Volkswagen Group, through its subsidiary Lamborghini Holding S.p.A., had acquired a 90.1% stake in the Italian <a href="/wiki/Automotive_design" title="Automotive design">automotive design</a> house <a href="/wiki/Italdesign_Giugiaro" title="Italdesign Giugiaro">Italdesign Giugiaro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-vw-italdesign-45">[45]</a> In less than three months, the transaction had been completed making the Italian firm a member of the Volkswagen Group.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Since 2013 the Volkswagen Group has held a 89.7% stake in <a href="/wiki/Traton" title="Traton">Traton</a>. In 2015 research showed a security flaw in the keyless ignition of Volkswagen and other carmakers' vehicles. Volkswagen spent two years trying to keep the research from the public domain.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight?</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Volkswagen_Group#undue" title="Talk:Volkswagen Group">discuss</a>] On 3 August 2015, <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> announced that it had reached a deal to sell its <a href="/wiki/Here_(Nokia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Here (Nokia)">Here</a> digital maps division to a consortium of three German automakers—<a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daimler_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimler AG">Daimler AG</a>, and Volkswagen Group, for €2.8 billion.<a href="#cite_note-cnet-heresale-48">[48]</a> This was seen as an indication that the automakers were interested in automated cars. Volkswagen held a 19.9% non-controlling shareholding in <a href="/wiki/Suzuki" title="Suzuki">Suzuki</a> between 2009 and 2015. An international arbitration court ordered Volkswagen to sell the stake back to Suzuki.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> On 17 September 2015, Suzuki paid $3.8bn to complete the stock buy-back just hours prior to a <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_emissions_violations" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkswagen emissions violations">major scandal about emissions violations</a> engulfing Volkswagen. Suzuki had wished to buy <a href="/wiki/Fiat" title="Fiat">Fiat</a> diesel engines.<a href="#cite_note-bbcSuzuki-50">[50]</a> In 2021, Volkswagen sold their 55% stake in <a href="/wiki/Bugatti_Automobiles" title="Bugatti Automobiles">Bugatti</a> to <a href="/wiki/Rimac_Automobili" title="Rimac Automobili">Rimac Group</a> while transferring the remaining 45% to <a href="/wiki/Porsche_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche AG">Porsche AG</a>, forming a joint venture company called <a href="/wiki/Bugatti_Rimac" title="Bugatti Rimac">Bugatti Rimac</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rimac-51">[51]</a> In early 2024, Volkswagen Group began looking for partners among international technology corporations to create <a href="/wiki/AI" class="mw-redirect" title="AI">AI</a> labs, new <a href="/wiki/Digital_prototyping" title="Digital prototyping">digital prototypes</a> of products and functions using artificial intelligence.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> In October 2024, Volkswagen plans to close at least three plants in Germany and cut jobs, facing challenges from delayed EV investments and a drop in Chinese sales.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Emissions_scandal,_2015">Emissions scandal, 2015</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Emissions scandal, 2015">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_emissions_scandal" title="Volkswagen emissions scandal">Volkswagen emissions scandal</a></div> On 18 September 2015, the US EPA announced that Volkswagen had installed a "defeat device" software code in the diesel models sold in the US from 2009 to 2015.<a href="#cite_note-yosemite.epa.gov-54">[54]</a> The code was intended to detect when an emissions test was being conducted, and altered emissions controls for better compliance. Off the test stand, the controls were relaxed, and emissions jumped 35 to 40 times regulatory levels according to investigators at West Virginia University and the California Air Resources Board. About 482,000 vehicles are under the recall order, a potential $18 billion ($37,500 per violation) in fines are pending, and news accounts speculate a criminal indictment for the deception is certain.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The VW Group CEO, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Winterkorn" title="Martin Winterkorn">Martin Winterkorn</a>, said he was "deeply sorry" and ordered an external investigation.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The software code was only revealed when the EPA refused to certify VW's 2016 models for sale in the US unless the corporation provided full disclosure.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> On Sunday, 20 September 2015, VW Group announced it was halting the sale of its four-cylinder diesel models in the US.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The US EPA press release on its Notice of Violation,<a href="#cite_note-yosemite.epa.gov-54">[54]</a> and the California Air Resources Board letter<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> dated 18 September 2015 contain significant chronological detail of the agencies interaction with VW on the issue. On 22 September 2015, VW AG admitted that 11 million cars worldwide had been <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_emissions_scandal" title="Volkswagen emissions scandal">fitted with software intended to deceive emissions testing</a>. The company issued a profit warning, saying it had set aside $7 billion to fix the fraud.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> On 23 September 2015, Martin Winterkorn announced his resignation from the CEO position after a crisis meeting of the company board.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> On 25 September 2015 <a href="/wiki/Matthias_M%C3%BCller_(businessman)" title="Matthias Müller (businessman)">Matthias Müller</a> was named CEO.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Müller was the head of the Porsche marque within the VW corporate umbrella.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> On 21 April 2017, a U.S. federal judge ordered Volkswagen "to pay a $2.8 billion criminal fine for rigging diesel-powered vehicles to cheat on government emissions tests". The "unprecedented" plea deal formalized a punishment that Volkswagen AG agreed to earlier in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-wsj-vk-plea-65">[65]</a> In addition, the plea deal includes a $1.5 billion settlement for various environmental, customs and financial violations.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Overall, Volkswagen will pay more than $30 billion in penalties and lawsuit settlements related to the scandal.<a href="#cite_note-charges-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Electrification_strategy_2025">Electrification strategy 2025</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Electrification strategy 2025">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Volkswagen_ID.3_at_IAA_2019_IMG_0779.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Volkswagen_ID.3_at_IAA_2019_IMG_0779.jpg/220px-Volkswagen_ID.3_at_IAA_2019_IMG_0779.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Volkswagen_ID.3_at_IAA_2019_IMG_0779.jpg/330px-Volkswagen_ID.3_at_IAA_2019_IMG_0779.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Volkswagen_ID.3_at_IAA_2019_IMG_0779.jpg/440px-Volkswagen_ID.3_at_IAA_2019_IMG_0779.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="2512" /></a><figcaption>VW Group has invested in a wide-ranging electrification strategy in Europe, North America and China, with its <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group_MEB_platform" title="Volkswagen Group MEB platform">electric "MEB" platform</a>.</figcaption></figure> In 2016, Volkswagen Group announced a corporate "Strategy 2025" that focuses on electrification of its portfolio.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The VW Group developed the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group_MEB_platform" title="Volkswagen Group MEB platform">Volkswagen Group MEB platform</a> chassis that will be utilized in a range of various cars and light <a href="/wiki/Utility_vehicle" title="Utility vehicle">utility vehicles</a> across several VW Group marques due to its flexibility and floor-mounted battery.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> As of May 2018, the VW Group has committed $48 billion in <a href="/wiki/Electric-vehicle_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric-vehicle battery">car battery</a> supplies<a href="#cite_note-fortune_May_3,_2018-70">[70]</a> and plans to outfit 16 factories to build <a href="/wiki/Electric_car" title="Electric car">electric cars</a> by the end of 2022.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> According to VW Group CEO <a href="/wiki/Dr._Herbert_Diess" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Herbert Diess">Dr. Herbert Diess</a>, the company will offer 25 electric models and 20 plug-in hybrids by 2020.<a href="#cite_note-fortune_May_3,_2018-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Production_in_Xinjiang">Production in Xinjiang</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Production in Xinjiang">edit</a>]</div> Volkswagen Group came under pressure for cooperating with the Chinese government in the region of <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>. In that same region, western-funded NGOs accused the Chinese government of having <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">committed human rights</a> abuses against the <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghur</a> minority group, which included <a href="/wiki/Mass_surveillance_in_China" title="Mass surveillance in China">mass surveillance</a>, incarceration, and forced labor. After these accusations emerged, Volkswagen responded, "We do not assume any of our employees are forced laborers."<a href="#cite_note-DW-2019-72">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCddeutsche_Zeitung" title="Süddeutsche Zeitung">Süddeutsche Zeitung</a> claimed that Volkswagen was operating a plant in Xinjiang at a loss in order to curry favor with the Chinese government to set up more lucrative plants in other parts of China, which Volkswagen denied, saying that the decision to set up the plant in 2012 was purely based on economics.<a href="#cite_note-DW-2019-72">[72]</a> Volkswagen is still operating a plant in the region as of 2020.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Auto">New Auto</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: New Auto">edit</a>]</div> In 2021, Volkswagen Group released their New Auto strategy. The strategy was based on <a href="/wiki/European_Green_Deal" title="European Green Deal">transitioning to electric cars</a>, and building a shared platform, battery systems, software and mobility solutions to use across all their brands.<a href="#cite_note-2021-03-16-vw-pr-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-2021-07-14-ars-75">[75]</a> This involves creating the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group_Scalable_Systems_Platform" title="Volkswagen Group Scalable Systems Platform">Scalable Systems Platform</a>, as well as developing software under a new subsidiary called CARIAD.<a href="#cite_note-2021-03-16-vw-pr-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-2021-07-14-ars-75">[75]</a> Volkswagen Group aims by 2024 to transition to selling mostly electric cars.<a href="#cite_note-2021-07-13-ft-76">[76]</a> It aims to have six <a href="/wiki/Gigafactory" title="Gigafactory">battery factories</a> in Europe by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-2021-07-13-ft-76">[76]</a> In 2023, Volkswagen Group announced plans to cut costs by €10 billion ($11.1 billion).<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> In February 2024, Volkswagen Group and Chinese <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">electric vehicle</a> manufacturer <a href="/wiki/XPeng" title="XPeng">XPeng</a> signed a technology cooperation and joint development agreement on platform and software.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations">Operations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Operations">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kraftwerk_Volkswagen_VW.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Kraftwerk_Volkswagen_VW.JPG/150px-Kraftwerk_Volkswagen_VW.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Kraftwerk_Volkswagen_VW.JPG/225px-Kraftwerk_Volkswagen_VW.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Kraftwerk_Volkswagen_VW.JPG/300px-Kraftwerk_Volkswagen_VW.JPG 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Part of the Volkswagen factory in Wolfsburg, Germany, its largest worldwide</figcaption></figure> Rooted in Europe, the Volkswagen Group operates in 153 countries.<a href="#cite_note-fortune20120723-79">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen Passenger Cars</a> is the Group's original marque, and the other major <a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">subsidiaries</a> include passenger car marques such as <a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lamborghini" title="Lamborghini">Lamborghini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a>, <a href="/wiki/SEAT" title="SEAT">SEAT</a>, and <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Auto" title="Škoda Auto">Škoda</a>. Volkswagen AG also has operations in <a href="/wiki/Commercial_vehicle" title="Commercial vehicle">commercial vehicles</a>, owning <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Commercial_Vehicles" title="Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles">Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles</a>, along with controlling stakes in truck, bus and <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel engine</a> manufacturers <a href="/wiki/Scania_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scania (company)">Scania AB</a> and <a href="/wiki/MAN_SE" title="MAN SE">MAN SE</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subsidiaries_and_brands">Subsidiaries and brands</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Subsidiaries and brands">edit</a>]</div> The Volkswagen Group comprises the following vehicle manufacturers and their corresponding <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">brands</a>:<a href="#cite_note-81">[note 1]</a> Here are the brands operated under the Volkswagen Group:<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi AG</a>: 100% ownership<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVolkswagen_AG2012U60–U73-5">[5]</a> — The current company was formed through the acquisitions of <a href="/wiki/Auto_Union" title="Auto Union">Auto Union</a> from <a href="/wiki/Daimler-Benz" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimler-Benz">Daimler-Benz</a> on 30 December 1964, and <a href="/wiki/NSU_Motorenwerke" title="NSU Motorenwerke">NSU Motorenwerke</a> on 9 March 1969 - Audi being the sole surviving marque from the Auto Union combine. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audi_Sport_GmbH" title="Audi Sport GmbH">Audi Sport GmbH</a> — Audi's performance engineering and manufacturing subsidiary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVolkswagen_AG2012U60–U73-5">[5]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamborghini" title="Lamborghini">Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.</a>: 100% ownership<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVolkswagen_AG2012U60–U73-5">[5]</a> — acquired by AUDI AG in September 1998.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVolkswagen_AG2012a68-83">[82]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ducati" title="Ducati">Ducati Motor Holding S.p.A.</a>: 100% ownership<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVolkswagen_AG2012U60–U73-5">[5]</a> — bought on 19 July 2012.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentley_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Bentley Motors">Bentley Motors Ltd</a>: 100% ownership.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVolkswagen_AG2012U60–U73-5">[5]</a> Volkswagen purchased <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motors" title="Rolls-Royce Motors">Rolls-Royce Motors</a> and Bentley from <a href="/wiki/Vickers_plc" title="Vickers plc">Vickers</a> on 28 July 1998,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVolkswagen_AG2012a68-83">[82]</a> however the purchase did not include the license to use the Rolls-Royce trademark on automobiles, which is controlled by <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Holdings_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolls-Royce Holdings plc">Rolls-Royce Holdings plc</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bmwrolls-84">[83]</a> BMW outmaneuvered Volkswagen, succeeding in obtaining the rights to use the Rolls-Royce trademark on automobiles. From July 1998 until December 2002, BMW continued to supply engines for the <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Seraph" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Seraph">Rolls-Royce Silver Seraph</a> and the Bentley division sold cars under both the Bentley and Rolls-Royce marques, under an agreement with BMW. In January 2022, Bentley became part of the Audi Group.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Porsche_headquarter_Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen_Werk_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Porsche_headquarter_Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen_Werk_II.jpg/170px-Porsche_headquarter_Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen_Werk_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Porsche_headquarter_Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen_Werk_II.jpg/255px-Porsche_headquarter_Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen_Werk_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Porsche_headquarter_Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen_Werk_II.jpg/340px-Porsche_headquarter_Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen_Werk_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>Porsche headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG</a>: 75% ownership — Volkswagen AG purchased 49.9% of the shares in Porsche Zwischenholding GmbH (the holding company of Porsche AG) in December 2009.<a href="#cite_note-Porsche_SE_Holding_Structure-86">[85]</a> Volkswagen AG purchased the remaining stake in Porsche AG equaling 100% of the shares in Porsche Zwischenholding GmbH, effectively becoming its parent company as of 1 August 2012.<a href="#cite_note-VolkswagentoBuyPorsche-40">[40]</a> 25% of shares sold in an <a href="/wiki/IPO" class="mw-redirect" title="IPO">IPO</a> of Porsche AG in 2022.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jetta_(car_marque)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jetta (car marque)">Jetta</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">Joint venture</a> with <a href="/wiki/First_Automotive_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="First Automotive Works">First Automotive Works</a> created in 2019.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_Motors" title="Scout Motors">Scout Motors Inc.</a>: 100% ownership — founded in 2022.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEAT" title="SEAT">SEAT, S.A.</a>: 100% ownership<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVolkswagen_AG2012U60–U73-5">[5]</a> — initially in 1982 a co-operation agreement with AUDI AG; 51% and 75% ownership in 1986, and full ownership in 1990. SEAT was the first non-German subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group.<a href="#cite_note-chronicle-26">[26]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cupra_(marque)" title="Cupra (marque)">Cupra</a>: 100% ownership by SEAT. In 2018, SEAT's motorsport division SEAT Sport was renamed <a href="/wiki/Cupra_Racing" title="Cupra Racing">Cupra Racing</a> and at the same time, Cupra was launched as an independent brand alongside SEAT.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Auto" title="Škoda Auto">Škoda Auto a.s.</a>: 100% ownership<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVolkswagen_AG2012U60–U73-5">[5]</a> — initially in 1991 a co-operation agreement and 30% ownership;<a href="#cite_note-chronicle-26">[26]</a> 60.3% and 70% ownership in 1994 and 1995 respectively, 100% ownership since 2000<a href="#cite_note-Skoda_Auto_ownership_chronicle-28">[28]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRATON_SE" class="mw-redirect" title="TRATON SE">TRATON SE</a>: 89.7% ownership — Formerly Volkswagen Truck and Bus, TRATON is the holding company for Volkswagen Group's heavy commercial vehicle operations.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MAN_Truck_%26_Bus_SE" class="mw-redirect" title="MAN Truck & Bus SE">MAN Truck & Bus SE</a>: 100% ownership — Transferred to TRATON SE after it merged with MAN SE in August 2021.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Motors" title="International Motors">International Motors</a>: 100% ownership — produces heavy trucks under the International brand. Wholly owned by TRATON SE since July 2021. Volkswagen Truck and Bus (now TRATON) took an initial 16.6% stake in Navistar in February 2017.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scania_AB" title="Scania AB">Scania AB</a>: 100% ownership — wholly owned by TRATON SE since 15 January 2015. Volkswagen acquired a <a href="/wiki/Controlling_stake" class="mw-redirect" title="Controlling stake">controlling stake</a> in July 2008, making Scania the 9th marque of the Volkswagen Group.<a href="#cite_note-100%_of_Scania_shares_held_by_VW_AG-88">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Caminh%C3%B5es_e_%C3%94nibus" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkswagen Caminhões e Ônibus">Volkswagen Truck & Bus</a>: 100% ownership — Volkswagen's Brazilian heavy truck and bus division. Sold by Volkswagen Group to MAN SE in December 2008 and from that point was also known as MAN Latin America. In November 2011, Volkswagen acquired a majority of the shares in MAN SE, bringing Volkswagen Truck & Bus back into the group. Transferred to TRATON SE after it merged with MAN SE in August 2021.</li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Volkswagen_Nutzf_Hannover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Volkswagen_Nutzf_Hannover.jpg/220px-Volkswagen_Nutzf_Hannover.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Volkswagen_Nutzf_Hannover.jpg/330px-Volkswagen_Nutzf_Hannover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Volkswagen_Nutzf_Hannover.jpg/440px-Volkswagen_Nutzf_Hannover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption>The Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles assembly plant in <a href="/wiki/Hannover" class="mw-redirect" title="Hannover">Hannover</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Commercial_Vehicles" title="Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles">Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles</a> (Volkswagen Nutzfahrzeuge): 100% ownership<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVolkswagen_AG2012U60–U73-5">[5]</a> — Volkswagen's <a href="/wiki/Light_commercial_vehicle" title="Light commercial vehicle">light commercial vehicle</a> division started operations as an independent entity in 1995.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen Passenger Cars</a>: 100% ownership — the founding and flagship marque of the company.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVolkswagen_AG2012U60–U73-5">[5]</a></li></ul> Other subsidiaries and shareholdings: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bugatti_Rimac" title="Bugatti Rimac">Bugatti Rimac</a>: Joint venture between Porsche AG (45%) and Rimac Group (55%).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xpeng_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Xpeng Motors">Xpeng Motors</a>: 4.99% ownership</li> <li>MOIA: 100% ownership — new mobility services company.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italdesign_Giugiaro" title="Italdesign Giugiaro">Italdesign Giugiaro S.p.A.</a>: 100% ownership — 90.1% acquired via Lamborghini S.p.A. in May 2010. Remaining shares transferred in July 2015.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IAV" class="mw-redirect" title="IAV">IAV</a>: 50% ownership.</li> <li>Diconium: 100% ownership — since January 2020.</li></ul> The Group also owns five defunct marques which are managed through the companies Auto Union GmbH and NSU GmbH, both of which are 100% owned by AUDI AG: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_Union" title="Auto Union">Auto Union</a> — the Auto Union company, together with <a href="/wiki/NSU_Motorenwerke_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="NSU Motorenwerke AG">NSU Motorenwerke AG</a> (NSU), were merged into "Audi NSU Auto-Union AG" in 1969. The name was shortened to "AUDI AG" in 1985, and the interlocked four-ring badge from Auto Union is still used by AUDI AG.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampf-Kraft-Wagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Dampf-Kraft-Wagen">Dampf-Kraft-Wagen</a> (DKW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horch" title="Horch">Horch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSU_Motorenwerke_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="NSU Motorenwerke AG">NSU Motorenwerke AG</a> (NSU) – bought in 1969 by Volkswagen AG, and merged into "Audi NSU Auto-Union AG"; the NSU brand has not been used since 1977, while the former NSU manufacturing plant at <a href="/wiki/Neckarsulm" title="Neckarsulm">Neckarsulm</a> is still used for Audi assembly.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanderer_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanderer (car)">Wanderer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_affairs">Corporate affairs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Corporate affairs">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_trends">Business trends</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Business trends">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Sales by business (2022)<a href="#cite_note-:3-90">[89]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Sector </th> <th>Share </th></tr> <tr> <td>Passenger Cars and Light Commercial Vehicles </td> <td>69.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Financial Services </td> <td>15.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Commercial Vehicles </td> <td>13.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Power Engineering </td> <td>1.3% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Sales by region (2022)<a href="#cite_note-:3-90">[89]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Region </th> <th>Share </th></tr> <tr> <td>Europe/Other Markets </td> <td>37.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>North America </td> <td>21.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asia Pacific </td> <td>18.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany </td> <td>17.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>South America </td> <td>5.5% </td></tr></tbody></table> In November 2018 Volkswagen's market capitalization was valued at US$73.8 billion.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> The key trends for the Volkswagen Group are (as at the financial year ending March 3):<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> <table class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Revenue (€ bn)<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> </th> <th>Net income (€ bn) </th> <th>Employees (k)<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> </th> <th>Deliveries (m) </th> <th>Sources </th></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td>34.8 </td> <td>0.55 </td> <td>261 </td> <td>3.0 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td>81.8 </td> <td>2.6 </td> <td>322 </td> <td>5.1 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001 </td> <td>87.3 </td> <td>2.9 </td> <td>324 </td> <td>5.1 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-:0-99">[98]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002 </td> <td>85.2 </td> <td>2.5 </td> <td>324 </td> <td>4.9 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-:0-99">[98]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td>84.8 </td> <td>1.0 </td> <td>335 </td> <td>5.0 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-:1-100">[99]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td>88.9 </td> <td>0.69 </td> <td>343 </td> <td>5.1 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-:1-100">[99]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td>93.9 </td> <td>1.1 </td> <td>345 </td> <td>5.1 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-:2-101">[100]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td>104 </td> <td>2.7 </td> <td>324 </td> <td>5.7 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-:2-101">[100]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td>108 </td> <td>4.1 </td> <td>329 </td> <td>6.1 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td>113 </td> <td>4.6 </td> <td>369 </td> <td>6.2 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <td>105 </td> <td>0.91 </td> <td>368 </td> <td>6.3 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td>126 </td> <td>7.2 </td> <td>399 </td> <td>7.2 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td>159 </td> <td>15.7 </td> <td>502 </td> <td>8.3 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td>192 </td> <td>21.8 </td> <td>550 </td> <td>9.3 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td>197 </td> <td>9.1 </td> <td>573 </td> <td>9.7 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td>202 </td> <td>11.0 </td> <td>593 </td> <td>10.2 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td>213 </td> <td>−1.3 </td> <td>610 </td> <td>10.0 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td>217 </td> <td>5.3 </td> <td>627 </td> <td>10.2 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>230 </td> <td>11.6 </td> <td>634 </td> <td>10.7 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>235 </td> <td>13.9 </td> <td>656 </td> <td>10.8 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>252 </td> <td>12.3 </td> <td>671 </td> <td>10.9 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>222 </td> <td>8.3 </td> <td>663 </td> <td>9.3 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>250 </td> <td>14.8 </td> <td>673 </td> <td>8.8 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td>279 </td> <td>14.9 </td> <td>675 </td> <td>8.2 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>322 </td> <td>16.0 </td> <td>684 </td> <td>9.2 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ownership">Ownership</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ownership">edit</a>]</div> Under the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkswagen Law">Volkswagen Law</a>, no shareholder in Volkswagen AG could exercise more than 20 percent of the firm's voting rights, regardless of their level of stock holding.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> This law was supposed to protect Volkswagen Group from takeovers.<a href="#cite_note-MT-103">[102]</a> In October 2005, <a href="/wiki/Porsche_SE" title="Porsche SE">Porsche</a> acquired an 18.53 percent stake in the business, and in July 2006, Porsche increased that ownership to more than 25 percent. Analysts disagreed as to whether the investment was a good fit for Porsche's strategy.<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> On 26 March 2007, after the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> moved against the Volkswagen law, Porsche took its holding to 30.9 percent, triggering a takeover bid under German law. Porsche formally announced in a press statement that it did not intend to take over Volkswagen Group, setting its offer price at the lowest possible legal value, but intended the move to avoid a competitor taking a large stake, or to stop hedge funds dismantling Volkswagen Group, which is Porsche's most important partner.<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> On 16 September 2008, Porsche announced that the company had increased its stake in Volkswagen AG to 35 percent.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> By October 2008, Porsche held 42.6 percent of Volkswagen AG's <a href="/wiki/Common_stock" title="Common stock">ordinary shares</a>, and held <a href="/wiki/Option_(finance)" title="Option (finance)">stock options</a> on another 31.5 percent.<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> thus, effectively holding over 74 percent; 42.6 percent actual shares, and the rest as convertible options.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> Volkswagen AG briefly became the world's most valuable company, as the stock price rose to over €1,000 per share as <a href="/wiki/Short_(finance)" title="Short (finance)">short sellers</a> tried to cover their positions.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> The substantial investment in Volkswagen left Porsche with huge financial burden with its debts accumulating up to 13 billion euros by 2009.<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> Porsche would get emergency infusion of about a billion dollars from Volkswagen.<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> In July 2012, Volkswagen completed takeover of Porsche ending the four-year saga and formed an integrated automotive group with Porsche. <a href="/wiki/Porsche_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche AG">Porsche AG</a> would become the 10th brand of Volkswagen. The holding company Porsche SE was left with 31 percent of the subscribed capital of Volkswagen AG, and 50.7 percent of the voting rights in the company.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> As of 31 December 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit">[update]</a>, share ownership of Volkswagen AG is distributed as follows:<a href="#cite_note-VWAG-shareholders-113">[112]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Subscribed capital: </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Percentage</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Shareholder" title="Shareholder">Shareholder</a> name </th></tr> <tr> <td>31.4%</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Automobil_Holding_SE" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche Automobil Holding SE">Porsche Automobil Holding SE</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25.9%</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Foreign_institutional_investors" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign institutional investors">Foreign institutional investors</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14.6%</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Investment_Authority" title="Qatar Investment Authority">Qatar Holding LLC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11.8%</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">State of Lower Saxony</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12.9%</td> <td>Private shareholders / Others </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.4%</td> <td>German institutional investors </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Voting rights: </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Percentage</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Shareholder" title="Shareholder">Shareholder</a> name </th></tr> <tr> <td>53.3%</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Automobil_Holding_SE" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche Automobil Holding SE">Porsche Automobil Holding SE</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20.0%</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">State of Lower Saxony</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17.0%</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Investment_Authority" title="Qatar Investment Authority">Qatar Holding LLC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9.7%</td> <td>Others </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stock_market_listings">Stock market listings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Stock market listings">edit</a>]</div> Volkswagen AG shares are primarily traded on the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange" title="Frankfurt Stock Exchange">Frankfurt Stock Exchange</a>,<a href="#cite_note-VWAG-share-info-114">[113]</a> and are listed under the 'VOW' and 'VOW3' <a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">stock ticker symbols</a>. First listed in August 1961, the shares were issued at a price of <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Mark" title="Deutsche Mark">DM</a> 350 per DM 100 share,<a href="#cite_note-VWAG-share-info-114">[113]</a> Volkswagen AG shares are now separated into two different types or classes: '<a href="/wiki/Common_stock" title="Common stock">ordinary shares</a>' and '<a href="/wiki/Preferred_stock" title="Preferred stock">preference shares</a>'.<a href="#cite_note-VWAG-share-info-114">[113]</a> The ordinary shares are now traded under the <a href="/wiki/Wertpapierkennummer" class="mw-redirect" title="Wertpapierkennummer">WKN</a> 766400 and ISIN DE0007664005 listings, and the preference shares under the WKN 766403 and ISIN DE0007664039 listings.<a href="#cite_note-VWAG-share-info-114">[113]</a> Volkswagen AG shares are also listed and traded on other major domestic and worldwide <a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">stock exchanges</a>. In Germany's domestic exchanges, since 1961 these include those in <a href="/wiki/Berliner_B%C3%B6rse" class="mw-redirect" title="Berliner Börse">Berlin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%B6rse_D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Börse Düsseldorf (page does not exist)">Düsseldorf</a>, Hamburg, <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%B6rse_Hannover&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Börse Hannover (page does not exist)">Hanover</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rse_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Börse München">Munich</a> and <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rse_Stuttgart" title="Börse Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>. International exchanges include those in <a href="/wiki/Basel_Stock_Exchange" title="Basel Stock Exchange">Basel</a> (listed in 1967), <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Stock_Exchange" title="Geneva Stock Exchange">Geneva</a> (1967), <a href="/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange" title="SIX Swiss Exchange">Zürich</a> (1967), <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Stock_Exchange" title="Luxembourg Stock Exchange">Luxembourg</a> (1979), London (1988), and <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York</a> (1988).<a href="#cite_note-VWAG-share-info-114">[113]</a> Since the start of trading in 1961, Volkswagen AG shares have been subjected to two <a href="/wiki/Stock_split" title="Stock split">stock splits</a> – the first was on 17 March 1969 when they were split at a ratio of 2:1, from a DM 100 share to a DM 50 share. The second split occurred on 6 July 1998, the DM 50 share being converted into a share of no overall nominal value, at a ratio of 1:10.<a href="#cite_note-VWAG-share-info-114">[113]</a> From 23 December 2009, Volkswagen AG preferred shares replaced its ordinary shares in the <a href="/wiki/DAX" title="DAX">DAX</a> index.<a href="#cite_note-VWAG-share-DAX-115">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leadership,_sales_and_market_share">Leadership, sales and market share</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Leadership, sales and market share">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Volkswagen (mbH, GmbH, AG) leaders </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Tenure</th> <th>Leader(s) </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left">1937 to 1945</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bodo_Lafferentz" title="Bodo Lafferentz">Bodo Lafferentz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Porsche" title="Ferdinand Porsche">Ferdinand Porsche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Werlin" title="Jakob Werlin">Jakob Werlin</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">June 1945 to December 1947</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Hirst" title="Ivan Hirst">Ivan Hirst</a> (Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers)<a href="#cite_note-VW-intl-hist-18">[18]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">1 January 1948 to April 1967</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Nordhoff" title="Heinrich Nordhoff">Heinrich Nordhoff</a><a href="#cite_note-Chronicle-117">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">1 May 1968 to September 1971</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Lotz" title="Kurt Lotz">Kurt Lotz</a><a href="#cite_note-Chronicle-117">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">1 October 1971 to February 1975</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Leiding" title="Rudolf Leiding">Rudolf Leiding</a><a href="#cite_note-Chronicle-117">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">10 February 1975 to December 1980</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toni_Schm%C3%BCcker" title="Toni Schmücker">Toni Schmücker</a><a href="#cite_note-Chronicle-117">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">1 January 1982 to December 1992</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hahn" title="Carl Hahn">Carl Hahn</a><a href="#cite_note-Chronicle-117">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">1 January 1993 to 16 April 2002</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Pi%C3%ABch" title="Ferdinand Piëch">Ferdinand K. Piëch</a><a href="#cite_note-Chronicle-117">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">16 April 2002 to 31 December 2006</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bernd_Pischetsrieder" title="Bernd Pischetsrieder">Bernd Pischetsrieder</a><a href="#cite_note-Chronicle-117">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">1 January 2007 to 23 September 2015</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Martin_Winterkorn" title="Martin Winterkorn">Martin Winterkorn</a><a href="#cite_note-Chronicle-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">25 September 2015 to 12 April 2018</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Matthias_M%C3%BCller_(businessman)" title="Matthias Müller (businessman)">Matthias Müller</a><a href="#cite_note-volkswagen-media-services.com-120">[119]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">12 April 2018 to 31 August 2022</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Diess" title="Herbert Diess">Herbert Diess</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">From 1 September 2022</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Blume" title="Oliver Blume">Oliver Blume</a><a href="#cite_note-Chronicle-117">[116]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Top 3 Automakers Global, 2018, by global volume<a href="#cite_note-Reuters20190130-121">[120]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Group </th> <th>Units </th></tr> <tr> <td>Volkswagen </td> <td>10,083,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi </td> <td>10,076,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Toyota </td> <td>10,059,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> In 2018, Volkswagen Group's largest single country market was <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">China</a> with 4.20 million units delivered, followed by Germany with 1.12 million units. Divided by regions, Asia-Pacific was the second-largest market of the Volkswagen Group with 4.50 million units in 2013, followed by Western Europe with 4.14 million, and North America with 943,000 units delivered in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-AR2018-122">[121]</a> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Top 3 Automakers EU27, 2013, new passenger car volume<a href="#cite_note-ACEA2013-123">[122]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Group </th> <th>Units </th> <th>share </th></tr> <tr> <td>Volkswagen </td> <td>2,957,653 </td> <td>25.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>PSA </td> <td>1,311,406 </td> <td>11.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>RENAULT </td> <td>1,076,367 </td> <td>10.4 </td></tr></tbody></table> The European ranking of automakers is compiled monthly by the European Auto Manufacturers' Association ACEA.<a href="#cite_note-ACEA2013-123">[122]</a> Volkswagen has held the top spot in Europe uninterrupted for more than two decades.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> The company was again the top global automaker in 2018, for the fifth consecutive year, selling 10.083 million vehicles in the year 2018, just 7,000 more than the <a href="/wiki/Renault%E2%80%93Nissan%E2%80%93Mitsubishi_Alliance" title="Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance">Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters20190130-121">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Co-management">Co-management</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Co-management">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_worker_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkswagen worker organizations">Volkswagen worker organizations</a></div> With 120,000 employees in Germany and 600,000 globally,<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> it is one of the most well <a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">organized labour</a> represented companies in the world. The role that <a href="/wiki/Works_council" title="Works council">Works Councils</a> and the trade union <a href="/wiki/IG_Metall" title="IG Metall">IG Metall</a> play is unique even within Germany. VW workers have some of the strongest <a href="/wiki/Collective_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="Collective agreements">collective agreements</a>. With the exception of the United States, all of its major locations are represented in the Global Works Council and local <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade union</a> bodies. VW has a strong tradition and practice of <a href="/wiki/Social_Partnership" title="Social Partnership">social partnership</a> and <a href="/wiki/Codetermination_in_Germany" title="Codetermination in Germany">co-determination</a> rights globally.<a href="#cite_note-Whittall-2016-126">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sponsorships">Sponsorships</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sponsorships">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a> is heavily involved in <a href="/wiki/Sports_marketing" title="Sports marketing">sports sponsorship</a>, with investments having included the <a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Summer Olympics</a>, the 2014 Winter Olympics,<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> as well as the David Beckham Academy. Volkswagen AG wholly owns the <a href="/wiki/Bundesliga" title="Bundesliga">Bundesliga</a> football side <a href="/wiki/VfL_Wolfsburg" title="VfL Wolfsburg">VfL Wolfsburg</a>;<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> the company is also the shirt sponsor of Major League Soccer club <a href="/wiki/D.C._United" title="D.C. United">D.C. United</a>, League of Ireland Premier Division <a href="/wiki/Sligo_Rovers" class="mw-redirect" title="Sligo Rovers">Sligo Rovers</a> and top level of the Mexican football league system <a href="/wiki/Liga_MX" title="Liga MX">Liga MX</a> team <a href="/wiki/Puebla_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Puebla F.C.">Puebla F.C.</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/32px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/48px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/64px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Germany" title="Portal:Germany">Germany portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/42px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/56px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers" title="List of automobile manufacturers">List of automobile manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Germany" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Germany">List of automobile manufacturers of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Volkswagen_Group_factories" title="List of Volkswagen Group factories">List of Volkswagen Group factories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Volkswagen_Group_platforms" title="List of Volkswagen Group platforms">List of Volkswagen Group platforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfsburg_Volkswagen_Plant" title="Wolfsburg Volkswagen Plant">Wolfsburg Volkswagen Plant</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> Volkswagen Truck and Bus are renamed to TRATON AG. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.volkswagen-newsroom.com/en/press-releases/extensive-revision-of-volkswagen-group-management-structure-decided-443">"Extensive revision of Volkswagen Group management structure decided"</a>. Volkswagen Media Services. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180413043610/https://www.volkswagen-media-services.com/en/detailpage/-/detail/Extensive-revision-of-Volkswagen-Group-management-structure-decided/view/6821211/7a5bbec13158edd433c6630f5ac445da?p_auth=OUOY3Rd3">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Volkswagen+Media+Services&rft.atitle=Extensive+revision+of+Volkswagen+Group+management+structure+decided&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.volkswagen-newsroom.com%2Fen%2Fpress-releases%2Fextensive-revision-of-volkswagen-group-management-structure-decided-443&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolkswagen+Group" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oliver_Blume-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Oliver_Blume_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220901044546/https://www.volkswagenag.com/en/news/2022/07/oliver-blume-follows-herbert-diess-as-chairman-of-the-board-of-m.html">"Oliver Blume follows Herbert Diess as Chairman of the Board of Management of the Volkswagen Group"</a>. Volkswagen News. 22 July 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.volkswagenag.com/en/news/2022/07/oliver-blume-follows-herbert-diess-as-chairman-of-the-board-of-m.html">the original</a> on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Volkswagen+News&rft.atitle=Oliver+Blume+follows+Herbert+Diess+as+Chairman+of+the+Board+of+Management+of+the+Volkswagen+Group&rft.date=2022-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.volkswagenag.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2F2022%2F07%2Foliver-blume-follows-herbert-diess-as-chairman-of-the-board-of-m.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolkswagen+Group" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221015120632/https://www.volkswagenag.com/en/news/stories/2022/08/interview-oliver-blume.html">""Team spirit, fairness and passion are key""</a>. Volkswagen News. 1 September 2022. 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The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923220627/http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/volkswagen-ceo-resigns-after-emissions-cheating-scandal-spreads/2015/09/23/6b09e540-6203-11e5-8e9e-dce8a2a2a679_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Volkswagen+CEO+quits+amid+emissions+cheating+scandal&rft.date=2015-09-23&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Thad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Fvolkswagen-ceo-resigns-after-emissions-cheating-scandal-spreads%2F2015%2F09%2F23%2F6b09e540-6203-11e5-8e9e-dce8a2a2a679_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolkswagen+Group" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodyard2015" class="citation news cs1">Woodyard, Chris (23 September 2015). "VW CEO resigns in cheating scandal". 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Retrieved 25 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=volkswagen-media-services.com&rft.atitle=Matthias+M%C3%BCller+appointed+CEO+of+the+Volkswagen+Group&rft.date=2015-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.volkswagen-newsroom.com%2Fen%2Fpress-releases%2Fmatthias-mueller-appointed-ceo-of-the-volkswagen-group-2040&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolkswagen+Group" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters20190130-121">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters20190130_121-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters20190130_121-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-automakers-sales-japan/renault-nissan-group-sold-most-cars-last-year-but-vws-no-1-including-trucks-idUSKCN1PO0R1">"Renault-Nissan group sold most cars last year, but VW's No.1 including trucks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190418013439/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-automakers-sales-japan/renault-nissan-group-sold-most-cars-last-year-but-vws-no-1-including-trucks-idUSKCN1PO0R1">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2019. 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Retrieved 25 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=VW+to+sponsor+Sochi+2014+Olympics&rft.date=2009-09-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F8263538.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolkswagen+Group" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Loon2005" class="citation news cs1">van Loon, Jeremy (22 July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121103020929/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=ahbNccCjfaq4&refer=europe-redirectoldpage">"Wolfsburg, 'Special' City, Reels as Volkswagen Flounders"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=ahbNccCjfaq4&refer=europe-redirectoldpage">the original</a> on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Wolfsburg%2C+%27Special%27+City%2C+Reels+as+Volkswagen+Flounders&rft.date=2005-07-22&rft.aulast=van+Loon&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fapps%2Fnews%3Fpid%3Dnewsarchive%26sid%3DahbNccCjfaq4%26refer%3Deurope-redirectoldpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolkswagen+Group" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corporate_documents">Corporate documents</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Corporate documents">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolkswagen_AG2008a" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140808045514/http://www.chronicle.volkswagenag.com/inc/pdf.php?year=1937&lang=en">"1937-1945 The Foundation of the Volkswagen Plant"</a>. Volkswagen Chronicle. Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chronicle.volkswagenag.com/inc/pdf.php?year=1937&lang=en">the original</a> (PDF) on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Volkswagen+Chronicle&rft.atitle=1937-1945+The+Foundation+of+the+Volkswagen+Plant&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chronicle.volkswagenag.com%2Finc%2Fpdf.php%3Fyear%3D1937%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolkswagen+Group" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolkswagen_AG2012b" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140808045530/http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/content/en/investor_relations/corporate_governance/Annual_Document.bin.html/downloadfilelist/downloadfile/downloadfile_0/file/Satzung_August_2102_engl.pdf">"VOLKSWAGEN AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT Articles of Association As at August 2012"</a> (PDF). volkswagenag.com. VOLKSWAGEN AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT. August 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/content/en/investor_relations/corporate_governance/Annual_Document.bin.html/downloadfilelist/downloadfile/downloadfile_0/file/Satzung_August_2102_engl.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=volkswagenag.com&rft.atitle=VOLKSWAGEN+AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT+Articles+of+Association+As+at+August+2012&rft.date=2012-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.volkswagenag.com%2Fcontent%2Fvwcorp%2Fcontent%2Fen%2Finvestor_relations%2Fcorporate_governance%2FAnnual_Document.bin.html%2Fdownloadfilelist%2Fdownloadfile%2Fdownloadfile_0%2Ffile%2FSatzung_August_2102_engl.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolkswagen+Group" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolkswagen_AG2008" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140808045501/http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/info_center/en/publications/2008/03/Annual_Report_2007.bin.html/binarystorageitem/file/VW_AG_GB_2007_en.pdf">"Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Annual Report 2007"</a> (PDF). volkswagenag.com. 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Retrieved 8 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=volkswagenag.com&rft.atitle=Volkswagen+Aktiengesellschaft+Annual+Report+2007&rft.date=2007-03-13&rft.issn=0944-9817&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.volkswagenag.com%2Fcontent%2Fvwcorp%2Finfo_center%2Fen%2Fpublications%2F2008%2F03%2FAnnual_Report_2007.bin.html%2Fbinarystorageitem%2Ffile%2FVW_AG_GB_2007_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolkswagen+Group" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolkswagen_AG2009" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120722061829/http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/info_center/en/publications/2009/03/GB_2008.-bin.acq/qual-BinaryStorageItem.Single.File/Y_2008_e.pdf">"Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Annual Report 2008"</a> (PDF). volkswagenag.com. Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. 12 March 2009. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0944-9817">0944-9817</a>. 958.809.512.20. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/info_center/en/publications/2009/03/GB_2008.-bin.acq/qual-BinaryStorageItem.Single.File/Y_2008_e.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=volkswagenag.com&rft.atitle=Volkswagen+Aktiengesellschaft+Annual+Report+2008&rft.date=2009-03-12&rft.issn=0944-9817&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.volkswagenag.com%2Fcontent%2Fvwcorp%2Finfo_center%2Fen%2Fpublications%2F2009%2F03%2FGB_2008.-bin.acq%2Fqual-BinaryStorageItem.Single.File%2FY_2008_e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolkswagen+Group" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolkswagen_AG2010" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140808045434/http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/info_center/en/publications/2010/03/Annual_Report_2009.bin.html/binarystorageitem/file/Y_2009_e.pdf">"Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Annual Report 2009"</a> (PDF). volkswagenag.com. Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. 11 March 2010. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0944-9817">0944-9817</a>. 058.809.522.20. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/info_center/en/publications/2010/03/Annual_Report_2009.bin.html/binarystorageitem/file/Y_2009_e.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=volkswagenag.com&rft.atitle=Volkswagen+Aktiengesellschaft+Annual+Report+2009&rft.date=2010-03-11&rft.issn=0944-9817&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.volkswagenag.com%2Fcontent%2Fvwcorp%2Finfo_center%2Fen%2Fpublications%2F2010%2F03%2FAnnual_Report_2009.bin.html%2Fbinarystorageitem%2Ffile%2FY_2009_e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolkswagen+Group" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolkswagen_AG2011" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140808045407/http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/info_center/en/publications/2011/03/Volkswagen_AG_Geschaeftsbericht_2010.bin.html/binarystorageitem/file/GB_2010_e.pdf">"Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Annual Report 2010"</a> (PDF). volkswagenag.com. Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. 10 March 2011. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0944-9817">0944-9817</a>. 158.809.527.20. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/info_center/en/publications/2011/03/Volkswagen_AG_Geschaeftsbericht_2010.bin.html/binarystorageitem/file/GB_2010_e.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=volkswagenag.com&rft.atitle=Volkswagen+Aktiengesellschaft+Annual+Report+2010&rft.date=2011-03-10&rft.issn=0944-9817&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.volkswagenag.com%2Fcontent%2Fvwcorp%2Finfo_center%2Fen%2Fpublications%2F2011%2F03%2FVolkswagen_AG_Geschaeftsbericht_2010.bin.html%2Fbinarystorageitem%2Ffile%2FGB_2010_e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolkswagen+Group" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolkswagen_AG2012" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/info_center/en/publications/2012/03/Volkswagen_AG_Annual_Report_2011.bin.html/binarystorageitem/file/Y_2011_e.pdf">"Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Annual Report 2011"</a> (PDF). volkswagenag.com. Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. 12 March 2012. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0944-9817">0944-9817</a>. 258.809.536.00. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120526072621/http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/info_center/en/publications/2012/03/Volkswagen_AG_Annual_Report_2011.bin.html/binarystorageitem/file/Y_2011_e.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 26 May 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=volkswagenag.com&rft.atitle=Volkswagen+Aktiengesellschaft+Annual+Report+2011&rft.date=2012-03-12&rft.issn=0944-9817&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.volkswagenag.com%2Fcontent%2Fvwcorp%2Finfo_center%2Fen%2Fpublications%2F2012%2F03%2FVolkswagen_AG_Annual_Report_2011.bin.html%2Fbinarystorageitem%2Ffile%2FY_2011_e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolkswagen+Group" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolkswagen_AG2012a" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002114536/http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/info_center/en/publications/2012/03/navigator-2012---facts-and-figures.bin.html/binarystorageitem/file/Navigator_11_06_2012_en_WEB.pdf">"Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Facts and Figures 2012"</a> (PDF). volkswagenag.com. Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. 11 June 2012. 272.802.497.20. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/info_center/en/publications/2012/03/navigator-2012---facts-and-figures.bin.html/binarystorageitem/file/Navigator_11_06_2012_en_WEB.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 10 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=volkswagenag.com&rft.atitle=Volkswagen+Aktiengesellschaft+Facts+and+Figures+2012&rft.date=2012-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.volkswagenag.com%2Fcontent%2Fvwcorp%2Finfo_center%2Fen%2Fpublications%2F2012%2F03%2Fnavigator-2012---facts-and-figures.bin.html%2Fbinarystorageitem%2Ffile%2FNavigator_11_06_2012_en_WEB.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolkswagen+Group" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolkswagen_AG2011a" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120722061539/http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/content/en/the_group/production_plants.html">"Volkswagen Group Production Plants"</a>. volkswagenag.com. Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. 31 December 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/content/en/the_group/production_plants.html">the original</a> on 22 July 2012. 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Volkswagen Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ownership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_SE" title="Porsche SE">Porsche SE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">State of Lower Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Investment_Authority" title="Qatar Investment Authority">Qatar Holding LLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Group_Companies" title="Capital Group Companies">Capital Group Companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions and subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Passenger cars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audi_Sport_GmbH" title="Audi Sport GmbH">Audi Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H._J._Mulliner_%26_Co." title="H. J. Mulliner & Co.">Mulliner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamborghini" title="Lamborghini">Lamborghini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout (automobile)">Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEAT" title="SEAT">SEAT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cupra_(marque)" title="Cupra (marque)">Cupra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Auto" title="Škoda Auto">Škoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_R" title="Volkswagen R">VW R</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehol_(marque)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sehol (marque)">Sehol</a> (<abbr title="Joint venture">JV</abbr> with <a href="/wiki/JAC_Group" title="JAC Group">JAC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jetta_(marque)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jetta (marque)">Jetta</a> (JV with <a href="/wiki/FAW_Group" title="FAW Group">FAW</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commercial vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traton" title="Traton">Traton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MAN_Truck_%26_Bus" title="MAN Truck & Bus">MAN Truck & Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Motors" title="International Motors">International Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scania_AB" title="Scania AB">Scania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Truck_%26_Bus" title="Volkswagen Truck & Bus">Volkswagen Truck & Bus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Commercial_Vehicles" title="Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles">Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motorcycles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ducati_Motor_Holding" class="mw-redirect" title="Ducati Motor Holding">Ducati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MAN_Energy_Solutions" title="MAN Energy Solutions">MAN Energy Solutions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electrify_America" title="Electrify America">Electrify America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrify_Canada" title="Electrify Canada">Electrify Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italdesign_Giugiaro" title="Italdesign Giugiaro">Italdesign Giugiaro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Auto_Volkswagen_India" title="Škoda Auto Volkswagen India">Škoda Auto Volkswagen India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group_of_America" title="Volkswagen Group of America">Volkswagen Group of America</a> (<a href="/wiki/VW_Electronics_Research_Laboratory" title="VW Electronics Research Laboratory">Electronics Research Laboratory</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Argentina" title="Volkswagen Argentina">Volkswagen Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_do_Brasil" title="Volkswagen do Brasil">Volkswagen do Brasil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AutoLatina" title="AutoLatina">AutoLatina</a> (defunct)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group_China" title="Volkswagen Group China">Volkswagen Group China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Volkswagen de México">Volkswagen de México</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group_Rus" title="Volkswagen Group Rus">Volkswagen Group Rus</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_of_South_Africa" title="Volkswagen of South Africa">Volkswagen of South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shareholdings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAIC_Volkswagen" title="SAIC Volkswagen">SAIC Volkswagen</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAW-Volkswagen" title="FAW-Volkswagen">FAW-Volkswagen</a> (40%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Anhui" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkswagen Anhui">Volkswagen Anhui</a> (75%)</li> <li>Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Holdings (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IAV" class="mw-redirect" title="IAV">IAV</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Here_Technologies" title="Here Technologies">Here</a> (33.3%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argo_AI" title="Argo AI">Argo AI</a> (42%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinotruk_(Hong_Kong)" title="Sinotruk (Hong Kong)">Sinotruk (Hong Kong)</a> (25%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hino_Motors#History" title="Hino Motors">Hino and Traton Global Procurement</a> (51%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products and technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Volkswagen_Group_platforms" title="List of Volkswagen Group platforms">Platforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Volkswagen_vehicles" title="Category:Volkswagen vehicles">Vehicles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Volkswagen_Group_engines" title="List of Volkswagen Group engines">Engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Diesel: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Volkswagen_Group_diesel_engines" title="List of Volkswagen Group diesel engines">current</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_discontinued_Volkswagen_Group_diesel_engines" title="List of discontinued Volkswagen Group diesel engines">discontinued</a></li> <li>Petrol: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Volkswagen_Group_petrol_engines" title="List of Volkswagen Group petrol engines">current</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_discontinued_Volkswagen_Group_petrol_engines" title="List of discontinued Volkswagen Group petrol engines">discontinued</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_Volkswagen_engines" title="List of North American Volkswagen engines">North America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BlueMotion" title="BlueMotion">BlueMotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digifant_engine_management_system" title="Digifant engine management system">Digifant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct-shift_gearbox" title="Direct-shift gearbox">DSG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETKA" title="ETKA">ETKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasoline_direct_injection" title="Gasoline direct injection">FSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_injector" title="Unit injector">Pumpe Düse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattro_(four-wheel-drive_system)" title="Quattro (four-wheel-drive system)">Quattro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDI_(engine)" title="SDI (engine)">SDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDI_(engine)" title="TDI (engine)">TDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VAG-COM" class="mw-redirect" title="VAG-COM">VAG-COM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_Union" title="Auto Union">Auto Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DKW" title="DKW">DKW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horch" title="Horch">Horch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSU_Motorenwerke" title="NSU Motorenwerke">NSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanderer_(company)" title="Wanderer (company)">Wanderer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autostadt" title="Autostadt">Autostadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehra-Lessien" title="Ehra-Lessien">Ehra-Lessien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Volkswagen_Group_factories" title="List of Volkswagen Group factories">Factories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Volkswagen_Group_people" title="Category:Volkswagen Group people">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Porsche" title="Ferdinand Porsche">Ferdinand Porsche</a> (founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hahn" title="Carl Hahn">Carl Hahn</a> (Chairman Emeritus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Hirst" title="Ivan Hirst">Ivan Hirst</a> (Former Managing Director)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Leiding" title="Rudolf Leiding">Rudolf Leiding</a> (Former CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Lotz" title="Kurt Lotz">Kurt Lotz</a> (Former CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Nordhoff" title="Heinrich Nordhoff">Heinrich Nordhoff</a> (Former Managing Director)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Pi%C3%ABch" title="Ferdinand Piëch">Ferdinand Piëch</a> (Former Chairman of the Supervisory Board, former CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernd_Pischetsrieder" title="Bernd Pischetsrieder">Bernd Pischetsrieder</a> (Former CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Dieter_P%C3%B6tsch" title="Hans Dieter Pötsch">Hans Dieter Pötsch</a> (Chairman of the Supervisory Board)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Schm%C3%BCcker" title="Toni Schmücker">Toni Schmücker</a> (Former CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Winterkorn" title="Martin Winterkorn">Martin Winterkorn</a> (Former Chairman of the Board of Management)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche-Pi%C3%ABch_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche-Piëch family">Porsche Family</a> (owner)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motorsport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Teams: <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Motorsport" title="Volkswagen Motorsport">Rally Teams</a></li> <li>Series: <a href="/wiki/Formula_Vee" title="Formula Vee">Formula Vee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_Super_Vee" title="Formula Super Vee">Formula Super Vee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_Volkswagen_Germany" title="Formula Volkswagen Germany">Formula Volkswagen Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Jetta_TDI_Cup" title="Volkswagen Jetta TDI Cup">Jetta TDI Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Scirocco_R-Cup" title="Volkswagen Scirocco R-Cup">Scirocco R Cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_emissions_scandal" title="Volkswagen emissions scandal">Volkswagen Emissions Scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_currywurst" title="Volkswagen currywurst">Volkswagen Currywurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_worker_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkswagen worker organizations">Volkswagen worker organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Volkswagen_Group" title="Category:Volkswagen Group">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Automotive_industry_in_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Template:Automotive industry in Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Template talk:Automotive industry in Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive industry in Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Automotive_industry_in_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Automotive industry in Germany">Automotive industry in Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Germany" title="Economy of Germany">Economy of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Germany" title="Transport in Germany">Transport in Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Automotive_companies_of_Germany" title="Category:Automotive companies of Germany">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Germany" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Germany">Active vehicle producers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Automobil" title="Apollo Automobil">Apollo Automobil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiways#Gumpert_Aiways_Automobile" title="Aiways">Gumpert Aiways Automobile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artega_Automobile" title="Artega Automobile">Artega Automobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_i" title="BMW i">BMW i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Motorrad" title="BMW Motorrad">BMW Motorrad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Truck" title="Daimler Truck">Daimler Truck</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Buses" title="Daimler Buses">Daimler Buses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setra" title="Setra">Setra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaris" title="Elaris">Elaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krauss-Maffei_Wegmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Krauss-Maffei Wegmann">Krauss-Maffei Wegmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isdera" title="Isdera">Isdera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotec" title="Lotec">Lotec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group" title="Mercedes-Benz Group">Mercedes-Benz Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_(marque)" title="Smart (marque)">Smart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maybach" title="Maybach">Maybach</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall" title="Rheinmetall">Rheinmetall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall_MAN_Military_Vehicles" title="Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles">RMMV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruf_Automobile" title="Ruf Automobile">Ruf Automobile</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Volkswagen Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horch" title="Horch">Horch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAN_Truck_%26_Bus" title="MAN Truck & Bus">MAN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neoplan" title="Neoplan">Neoplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall_MAN_Military_Vehicles" title="Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles">RMMV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Commercial_Vehicles" title="Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles">Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiesmann">Wiesmann</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Foreign_owned" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign owned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Automobil" title="Apollo Automobil">Apollo Automobil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiways#Gumpert_Aiways_Automobile" title="Aiways">Gumpert Aiways Automobile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Europe" title="Ford of Europe">Ford of Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Germany" title="Ford Germany">Ford-Werke</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magirus" title="Magirus">Magirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opel" title="Opel">Opel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Europe" title="Hyundai Motor Europe">Hyundai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Germany#Former_manufacturers" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Germany">Defunct vehicle producers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adler_(cars_and_motorcycle)" title="Adler (cars and motorcycle)">Adler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobilwerk_Eisenach" title="Automobilwerk Eisenach">Automobilwerk Eisenach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_Union" title="Auto Union">Auto Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baijah_Automotive" title="Baijah Automotive">Baijah Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort_(automobiles)" title="Beaufort (automobiles)">Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgward" title="Borgward">Borgward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgward_Group" title="Borgward Group">Borgward Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brennabor" title="Brennabor">Brennabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BCtsch" title="Brütsch">Brütsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCssing" title="Büssing">Büssing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DKW" title="DKW">DKW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edelsbrunner_Automobile_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Edelsbrunner Automobile München">Edelsbrunner Automobile München</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehrhardt-Szawe" title="Ehrhardt-Szawe">Ehrhardt-Szawe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenacher_Motorenwerk" title="Eisenacher Motorenwerk">Eisenacher Motorenwerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuldamobil" title="Fuldamobil">Fuldamobil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glas_(company)" title="Glas (company)">Glas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goggomobil" title="Goggomobil">Goggomobil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliath_(company)" title="Goliath (company)">Goliath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutbrod" title="Gutbrod">Gutbrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartge" title="Hartge">Hartge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanomag#Cars" title="Hanomag">Hanomag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansa_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hansa (car)">Hansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horch" title="Horch">Horch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kersting-Modellbauwerkst%C3%A4tten" title="Kersting-Modellbauwerkstätten">Kersting-Modellbauwerkstätten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleinschnittger" title="Kleinschnittger">Kleinschnittger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BChlstein" title="Kühlstein">Kühlstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loremo" title="Loremo">Loremo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markranst%C3%A4dter_Automobilfabrik" title="Markranstädter Automobilfabrik">Markranstädter Automobilfabrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkus" title="Melkus">Melkus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurer-Union" title="Maurer-Union">Maurer-Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Automobil_Gesellschaft" title="Neue Automobil Gesellschaft">Neue Automobil Gesellschaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_German_Automobile_and_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="North German Automobile and Engine">North German Automobile and Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSU_Motorenwerke" title="NSU Motorenwerke">NSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protos_of_Nonnendamm" title="Protos of Nonnendamm">Protos of Nonnendamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selve" title="Selve">Selve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simson_(company)" title="Simson (company)">Simson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steiger_(automobile_company)" title="Steiger (automobile company)">Steiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoewer" title="Stoewer">Stoewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempo_(automobile)" title="Tempo (automobile)">Tempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veritas_(automobile)" title="Veritas (automobile)">Veritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanderer_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanderer (car)">Wanderer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCndapp" title="Zündapp">Zündapp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATR_(company)" title="ATR (company)">ATR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosch_(company)" title="Bosch (company)">Bosch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ETAS_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="ETAS Group">ETAS Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_AG" title="Continental AG">Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%A4xlmaier_Group" title="Dräxlmaier Group">Dräxlmaier Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCrr_Group" title="Dürr Group">Dürr Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eibach_(company)" title="Eibach (company)">Eibach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getrag" title="Getrag">Getrag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%26R_(company)" title="H&R (company)">H&R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hella_(company)" title="Hella (company)">Hella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Peters" title="Hermann Peters">Hermann Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HQM_Sachsenring_GmbH" title="HQM Sachsenring GmbH">HQM Sachsenring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KW_Automotive" title="KW Automotive">KW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6we_Automobil" title="Löwe Automobil">Löwe Automobil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahle_GmbH" title="Mahle GmbH">Mahle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahle_Behr" title="Mahle Behr">Mahle Behr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mann%2BHummel" title="Mann+Hummel">Mann+Hummel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petri_AG" title="Petri AG">Petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renk" title="Renk">Renk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall_Automotive" title="Rheinmetall Automotive">Rheinmetall Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaeffler_Group" title="Schaeffler Group">Schaeffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voith" title="Voith">Voith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZF_Friedrichshafen" title="ZF Friedrichshafen">ZF Friedrichshafen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZF_Sachs" title="ZF Sachs">ZF Sachs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motorsport and tuners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9ff" title="9ff">9ff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abt_Sportsline" title="Abt Sportsline">Abt Sportsline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AC_Schnitzer" title="AC Schnitzer">AC Schnitzer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schnitzer_Motorsport" title="Schnitzer Motorsport">Schnitzer Motorsport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpina" title="Alpina">Alpina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audi_Performance_and_Racing" title="Audi Performance and Racing">APR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audi_Sport_GmbH" title="Audi Sport GmbH">Audi Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-AMG" title="Mercedes-AMG">AMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBS_Autotechnik" title="BBS Autotechnik">BBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitter_Cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitter Cars">Bitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brabus" title="Brabus">Brabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_M" title="BMW M">BMW M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlsson_(car_company)" title="Carlsson (car company)">Carlsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinan_Cars" title="Dinan Cars">Dinan Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-Power" title="G-Power">G-Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemballa" title="Gemballa">Gemballa</a></li> <li>Kleemann</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorinser" title="Lorinser">Lorinser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotec" title="Lotec">Lotec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamann_Motorsport" title="Hamann Motorsport">Hamann Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartge" title="Hartge">Hartge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hofele-Design" title="Hofele-Design">Hofele-Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HWA_Team" title="HWA Team">HWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irmscher" title="Irmscher">Irmscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joest_Racing" title="Joest Racing">Joest Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karosserie_Baur" title="Karosserie Baur">Karosserie Baur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koenig_Specials" title="Koenig Specials">Koenig Specials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansory" title="Mansory">Mansory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkus" title="Melkus">Melkus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MK-Motorsport" title="MK-Motorsport">MK-Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motoren_Technik_Mayer" title="Motoren Technik Mayer">Motoren Technik Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novitec_Group" title="Novitec Group">Novitec Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opel_Performance_Center" title="Opel Performance Center">Opel Performance Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renntech" title="Renntech">Renntech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rieger_Tuning" title="Rieger Tuning">Rieger Tuning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowe_Racing" title="Rowe Racing">Rowe Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruf_Automobile" title="Ruf Automobile">Ruf Automobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schubert_Motorsport" title="Schubert Motorsport">Schubert Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singer_Vehicle_Design" title="Singer Vehicle Design">Singer Vehicle Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brabus" title="Brabus">Startech</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brabus" title="Brabus">CRD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinmetz_Opel_Tuning" title="Steinmetz Opel Tuning">Steinmetz Opel Tuning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styling_Garage" title="Styling Garage">Styling Garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Rosberg" title="Team Rosberg">Team Rosberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TechArt" title="TechArt">TechArt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakspeed" title="Zakspeed">Zakspeed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Mobility" title="Mercedes-Benz Mobility">Mercedes-Benz Mobility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Bank" title="Mercedes-Benz Bank">Mercedes-Benz Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixt" title="Sixt">Sixt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verband_der_Automobilindustrie" title="Verband der Automobilindustrie">German Association of the Automotive Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_Mobil_International" title="Auto Mobil International">AMI Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Motor_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Motor Show">Frankfurt Motor Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automechanika" title="Automechanika">Automechanika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internationale_Zuliefererb%C3%B6rse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internationale Zuliefererbörse (page does not exist)">IZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_NCAP" title="Euro NCAP">Euro NCAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAC" title="ADAC">ADAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Standardisation_of_Automation_and_Measuring_Systems" title="Association for Standardisation of Automation and Measuring Systems">ASAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technischer_%C3%9Cberwachungsverein" title="Technischer Überwachungsverein">TÜV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Tourenwagen_Masters" title="Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters">DTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCrburgring" title="Nürburgring">Nürburgring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_EURO_STOXX_50_companies_of_the_Euro_Area" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Euro_Stoxx_50_Companies" title="Template:Euro Stoxx 50 Companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Euro_Stoxx_50_Companies" title="Template talk:Euro Stoxx 50 Companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Euro_Stoxx_50_Companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Euro Stoxx 50 Companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_EURO_STOXX_50_companies_of_the_Euro_Area" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a href="/wiki/EURO_STOXX_50" title="EURO STOXX 50">EURO STOXX 50</a> companies of the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Euro Area</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Last updated: 18 September 2023</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adidas" title="Adidas">Adidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adyen" title="Adyen">Adyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahold_Delhaize" title="Ahold Delhaize">Ahold Delhaize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Liquide" title="Air Liquide">Air Liquide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbus" title="Airbus">Airbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allianz" title="Allianz">Allianz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AB_InBev" title="AB InBev">Anheuser-Busch InBev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASML_Holding" title="ASML Holding">ASML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axa" title="Axa">Axa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banco_Bilbao_Vizcaya_Argentaria" title="Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria">BBVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BASF" title="BASF">BASF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayer" title="Bayer">Bayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNP_Paribas" title="BNP Paribas">BNP Paribas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danone" title="Danone">Danone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_B%C3%B6rse" title="Deutsche Börse">Deutsche Börse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHL_Group" title="DHL Group">DHL Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enel" title="Enel">Enel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eni" title="Eni">Eni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EssilorLuxottica" title="EssilorLuxottica">EssilorLuxottica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari">Ferrari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutter_Entertainment" title="Flutter Entertainment">Flutter Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s" title="Hermès">Hermès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberdrola" title="Iberdrola">Iberdrola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inditex" title="Inditex">Inditex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infineon_Technologies" title="Infineon Technologies">Infineon Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ING_Group" title="ING Group">ING Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intesa_Sanpaolo" title="Intesa Sanpaolo">Intesa Sanpaolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kering" title="Kering">Kering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al" title="L'Oréal">L'Oréal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LVMH" title="LVMH">LVMH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group" title="Mercedes-Benz Group">Mercedes-Benz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Re" title="Munich Re">Munich Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordea" title="Nordea">Nordea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pernod_Ricard" title="Pernod Ricard">Pernod Ricard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosus" title="Prosus">Prosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safran" title="Safran">Safran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gobain" title="Saint-Gobain">Saint-Gobain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanofi" title="Sanofi">Sanofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banco_Santander" title="Banco Santander">Santander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAP" title="SAP">SAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schneider_Electric" title="Schneider Electric">Schneider Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellantis" title="Stellantis">Stellantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TotalEnergies" title="TotalEnergies">TotalEnergies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinci_SA" title="Vinci SA">Vinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UniCredit" title="UniCredit">UniCredit</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Volkswagen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_DAX_companies_of_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:DAX_companies" title="Template:DAX companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:DAX_companies" title="Template talk:DAX companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:DAX_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:DAX companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_DAX_companies_of_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/DAX" title="DAX">DAX</a> companies of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adidas" title="Adidas">Adidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbus" title="Airbus">Airbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allianz" title="Allianz">Allianz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BASF" title="BASF">BASF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayer" title="Bayer">Bayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiersdorf" title="Beiersdorf">Beiersdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenntag" title="Brenntag">Brenntag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerzbank" title="Commerzbank">Commerzbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_AG" title="Continental AG">Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covestro" title="Covestro">Covestro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Truck" title="Daimler Truck">Daimler Truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_B%C3%B6rse" title="Deutsche Börse">Deutsche Börse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHL_Group" title="DHL Group">DHL Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.ON" title="E.ON">E.ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresenius_(company)" title="Fresenius (company)">Fresenius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannover_Re" title="Hannover Re">Hannover Rück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_Materials" title="Heidelberg Materials">Heidelberg Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henkel" title="Henkel">Henkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infineon_Technologies" title="Infineon Technologies">Infineon Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group" title="Mercedes-Benz Group">Mercedes-Benz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merck_Group" title="Merck Group">Merck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTU_Aero_Engines" title="MTU Aero Engines">MTU Aero Engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Re" title="Munich Re">Munich Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_SE" title="Porsche SE">Porsche SE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiagen" title="Qiagen">Qiagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RWE" title="RWE">RWE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall" title="Rheinmetall">Rheinmetall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAP" title="SAP">SAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sartorius_AG" title="Sartorius 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156578#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156578#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156578#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122596931">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/133070142">VIAF</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/130962893">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2111478-X">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79134875">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11953952b">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11953952b">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20010710063&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007269645205171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/24866">Museum of Modern Art</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/24893">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027516024">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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