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weighting</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: weighting"> <meta name="keywords" content="weighting"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">185</span> Feature Weighting Comparison Based on Clustering Centers in the Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kemal%20Polat">Kemal Polat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, three feature weighting methods have been used to improve the classification performance of diabetic retinopathy (DR). To classify the diabetic retinopathy, features extracted from the output of several retinal image processing algorithms, such as image-level, lesion-specific and anatomical components, have been used and fed them into the classifier algorithms. The dataset used in this study has been taken from University of California, Irvine (UCI) machine learning repository. Feature weighting methods including the fuzzy c-means clustering based feature weighting, subtractive clustering based feature weighting, and Gaussian mixture clustering based feature weighting, have been used and compered with each other in the classification of DR. After feature weighting, five different classifier algorithms comprising multi-layer perceptron (MLP), k- nearest neighbor (k-NN), decision tree, support vector machine (SVM), and Naïve Bayes have been used. The hybrid method based on combination of subtractive clustering based feature weighting and decision tree classifier has been obtained the classification accuracy of 100% in the screening of DR. These results have demonstrated that the proposed hybrid scheme is very promising in the medical data set classification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title="machine learning">machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20weighting" title=" data weighting"> data weighting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining" title=" data mining"> data mining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51496/feature-weighting-comparison-based-on-clustering-centers-in-the-detection-of-diabetic-retinopathy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51496.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">184</span> 1/Sigma Term Weighting Scheme for Sentiment Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20Alshaher">Hanan Alshaher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinsheng%20Xu"> Jinsheng Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Large amounts of data on the web can provide valuable information. For example, product reviews help business owners measure customer satisfaction. Sentiment analysis classifies texts into two polarities: positive and negative. This paper examines movie reviews and tweets using a new term weighting scheme, called one-over-sigma (1/sigma), on benchmark datasets for sentiment classification. The proposed method aims to improve the performance of sentiment classification. The results show that 1/sigma is more accurate than the popular term weighting schemes. In order to verify if the entropy reflects the discriminating power of terms, we report a comparison of entropy values for different term weighting schemes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1%2Fsigma" title="1/sigma">1/sigma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20language%20processing" title=" natural language processing"> natural language processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sentiment%20analysis" title=" sentiment analysis"> sentiment analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=term%20weighting%20scheme" title=" term weighting scheme"> term weighting scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20classification" title=" text classification"> text classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134006/1sigma-term-weighting-scheme-for-sentiment-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134006.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">183</span> Nullity of t-Tupple Graphs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khidir%20R.%20Sharaf">Khidir R. Sharaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Didar%20A.%20Ali"> Didar A. Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The nullity η (G) of a graph is the occurrence of zero as an eigenvalue in its spectra. A zero-sum weighting of a graph G is real valued function, say f from vertices of G to the set of real numbers, provided that for each vertex of G the summation of the weights f (w) over all neighborhood w of v is zero for each v in G.A high zero-sum weighting of G is one that uses maximum number of non-zero independent variables. If G is graph with an end vertex, and if H is an induced sub-graph of G obtained by deleting this vertex together with the vertex adjacent to it, then, η(G)= η(H). In this paper, a high zero-sum weighting technique and the end vertex procedure are applied to evaluate the nullity of t-tupple and generalized t-tupple graphs are derived and determined for some special types of graphs. Also, we introduce and prove some important results about the t-tupple coalescence, Cartesian and Kronecker products of nut graphs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph%20theory" title="graph theory">graph theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph%20spectra" title=" graph spectra"> graph spectra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nullity%20of%20graphs" title=" nullity of graphs"> nullity of graphs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistic" title=" statistic"> statistic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4759/nullity-of-t-tupple-graphs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4759.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">182</span> Intelligent Recognition of Diabetes Disease via FCM Based Attribute Weighting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kemal%20Polat">Kemal Polat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, an attribute weighting method called fuzzy C-means clustering based attribute weighting (FCMAW) for classification of Diabetes disease dataset has been used. The aims of this study are to reduce the variance within attributes of diabetes dataset and to improve the classification accuracy of classifier algorithm transforming from non-linear separable datasets to linearly separable datasets. Pima Indians Diabetes dataset has two classes including normal subjects (500 instances) and diabetes subjects (268 instances). Fuzzy C-means clustering is an improved version of K-means clustering method and is one of most used clustering methods in data mining and machine learning applications. In this study, as the first stage, fuzzy C-means clustering process has been used for finding the centers of attributes in Pima Indians diabetes dataset and then weighted the dataset according to the ratios of the means of attributes to centers of theirs. Secondly, after weighting process, the classifier algorithms including support vector machine (SVM) and k-NN (k- nearest neighbor) classifiers have been used for classifying weighted Pima Indians diabetes dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed attribute weighting method (FCMAW) has obtained very promising results in the classification of Pima Indians diabetes dataset. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20C-means%20clustering" title="fuzzy C-means clustering">fuzzy C-means clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20C-means%20clustering%20based%20attribute%20weighting" title=" fuzzy C-means clustering based attribute weighting"> fuzzy C-means clustering based attribute weighting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pima%20Indians%20diabetes" title=" Pima Indians diabetes"> Pima Indians diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SVM" title=" SVM"> SVM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46171/intelligent-recognition-of-diabetes-disease-via-fcm-based-attribute-weighting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">181</span> Performance Evaluation of Refinement Method for Wideband Two-Beams Formation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Bunsanit">C. Bunsanit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the refinement method for two beams formation of wideband smart antenna. The refinement method for weighting coefficients is based on Fully Spatial Signal Processing by taking Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT), and its simulation results are presented using MATLAB. The radiation pattern is created by multiplying the incoming signal with real weights and then summing them together. These real weighting coefficients are computed by IDFT method; however, the range of weight values is relatively wide. Therefore, for reducing this range, the refinement method is used. The radiation pattern concerns with five input parameters to control. These parameters are maximum weighting coefficient, wideband signal, direction of mainbeam, beamwidth, and maximum of minor lobe level. Comparison of the obtained simulation results between using refinement method and taking only IDFT shows that the refinement method works well for wideband two beams formation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fully%20spatial%20signal%20processing" title="fully spatial signal processing">fully spatial signal processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam%20forming" title=" beam forming"> beam forming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refinement%20method" title=" refinement method"> refinement method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20antenna" title=" smart antenna"> smart antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighting%20coefficient" title=" weighting coefficient"> weighting coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wideband" title=" wideband"> wideband</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58916/performance-evaluation-of-refinement-method-for-wideband-two-beams-formation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">180</span> Enhancing Spatial Interpolation: A Multi-Layer Inverse Distance Weighting Model for Complex Regression and Classification Tasks in Spatial Data Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yakin%20Hajlaoui">Yakin Hajlaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Labib"> Richard Labib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois%20Plante"> Jean-François Plante</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michel%20Gamache"> Michel Gamache</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study introduces the Multi-Layer Inverse Distance Weighting Model (ML-IDW), inspired by the mathematical formulation of both multi-layer neural networks (ML-NNs) and Inverse Distance Weighting model (IDW). ML-IDW leverages ML-NNs' processing capabilities, characterized by compositions of learnable non-linear functions applied to input features, and incorporates IDW's ability to learn anisotropic spatial dependencies, presenting a promising solution for nonlinear spatial interpolation and learning from complex spatial data. it employ gradient descent and backpropagation to train ML-IDW, comparing its performance against conventional spatial interpolation models such as Kriging and standard IDW on regression and classification tasks using simulated spatial datasets of varying complexity. the results highlight the efficacy of ML-IDW, particularly in handling complex spatial datasets, exhibiting lower mean square error in regression and higher F1 score in classification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title="deep learning">deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-layer%20neural%20networks" title=" multi-layer neural networks"> multi-layer neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gradient%20descent" title=" gradient descent"> gradient descent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20interpolation" title=" spatial interpolation"> spatial interpolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20distance%20weighting" title=" inverse distance weighting"> inverse distance weighting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185810/enhancing-spatial-interpolation-a-multi-layer-inverse-distance-weighting-model-for-complex-regression-and-classification-tasks-in-spatial-data-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">52</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">179</span> Vendor Selection and Supply Quotas Determination by Using Revised Weighting Method and Multi-Objective Programming Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunjo%20Peri%C4%8D">Tunjo Perič</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marin%20Fatovi%C4%87"> Marin Fatović</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper a new methodology for vendor selection and supply quotas determination (VSSQD) is proposed. The problem of VSSQD is solved by the model that combines revised weighting method for determining the objective function coefficients, and a multiple objective linear programming (MOLP) method based on the cooperative game theory for VSSQD. The criteria used for VSSQD are: (1) purchase costs and (2) product quality supplied by individual vendors. The proposed methodology is tested on the example of flour purchase for a bakery with two decision makers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20game%20theory" title="cooperative game theory">cooperative game theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20objective%20linear%20programming" title=" multiple objective linear programming"> multiple objective linear programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=revised%20weighting%20method" title=" revised weighting method"> revised weighting method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vendor%20selection" title=" vendor selection"> vendor selection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31124/vendor-selection-and-supply-quotas-determination-by-using-revised-weighting-method-and-multi-objective-programming-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">178</span> Setting Uncertainty Conditions Using Singular Values for Repetitive Control in State Feedback</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20A.%20Alsubaie">Muhammad A. Alsubaie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubarak%20K.%20H.%20Alhajri"> Mubarak K. H. Alhajri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20S.%20Altowaim"> Tarek S. Altowaim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A repetitive controller designed to accommodate periodic disturbances via state feedback is discussed. Periodic disturbances can be represented by a time delay model in a positive feedback loop acting on system output. A direct use of the small gain theorem solves the periodic disturbances problem via 1) isolating the delay model, 2) finding the overall system representation around the delay model and 3) designing a feedback controller that assures overall system stability and tracking error convergence. This paper addresses uncertainty conditions for the repetitive controller designed in state feedback in either past error feedforward or current error feedback using singular values. The uncertainty investigation is based on the overall system found and the stability condition associated with it; depending on the scheme used, to set an upper/lower limit weighting parameter. This creates a region that should not be exceeded in selecting the weighting parameter which in turns assures performance improvement against system uncertainty. Repetitive control problem can be described in lifted form. This allows the usage of singular values principle in setting the range for the weighting parameter selection. The Simulation results obtained show a tracking error convergence against dynamic system perturbation if the weighting parameter chosen is within the range obtained. Simulation results also show the advantage of weighting parameter usage compared to the case where it is omitted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20mismatch" title="model mismatch">model mismatch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repetitive%20control" title=" repetitive control"> repetitive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=singular%20values" title=" singular values"> singular values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%20feedback" title=" state feedback"> state feedback</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99234/setting-uncertainty-conditions-using-singular-values-for-repetitive-control-in-state-feedback" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99234.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">177</span> A Decision Support System to Detect the Lumbar Disc Disease on the Basis of Clinical MRI </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yavuz%20Unal">Yavuz Unal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kemal%20Polat"> Kemal Polat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Erdinc%20Kocer"> H. Erdinc Kocer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a decision support system comprising three stages has been proposed to detect the disc abnormalities of the lumbar region. In the first stage named the feature extraction, T2-weighted sagittal and axial Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) were taken from 55 people and then 27 appearance and shape features were acquired from both sagittal and transverse images. In the second stage named the feature weighting process, k-means clustering based feature weighting (KMCBFW) proposed by Gunes et al. Finally, in the third stage named the classification process, the classifier algorithms including multi-layer perceptron (MLP- neural network), support vector machine (SVM), Naïve Bayes, and decision tree have been used to classify whether the subject has lumbar disc or not. In order to test the performance of the proposed method, the classification accuracy (%), sensitivity, specificity, precision, recall, f-measure, kappa value, and computation times have been used. The best hybrid model is the combination of k-means clustering based feature weighting and decision tree in the detecting of lumbar disc disease based on both sagittal and axial MR images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumbar%20disc%20abnormality" title="lumbar disc abnormality">lumbar disc abnormality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumbar%20MRI" title=" lumbar MRI"> lumbar MRI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumbar%20spine" title=" lumbar spine"> lumbar spine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20models" title=" hybrid models"> hybrid models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20features" title=" hybrid features"> hybrid features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k-means%20clustering%20based%20feature%20weighting" title=" k-means clustering based feature weighting"> k-means clustering based feature weighting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24486/a-decision-support-system-to-detect-the-lumbar-disc-disease-on-the-basis-of-clinical-mri" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24486.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">520</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">176</span> Multiobjective Economic Dispatch Using Optimal Weighting Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mandeep%20Kaur">Mandeep Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatehgarh%20Sahib"> Fatehgarh Sahib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of economic load dispatch is to allocate the required load demand between the available generation units such that the cost of operation is minimized. It is an optimization problem to find the most economical schedule of the generating units while satisfying load demand and operational constraints. The multiobjective optimization problem in which the engineer’s goal is to maximize or minimize not a single objective function but several objective functions simultaneously. The purpose of multiobjective problems in the mathematical programming framework is to optimize the different objective functions. Many approaches and methods have been proposed in recent years to solve multiobjective optimization problems. Weighting method has been applied to convert multiobjective optimization problems into scalar optimization. MATLAB 7.10 has been used to write the code for the complete algorithm with the help of genetic algorithm (GA). The validity of the proposed method has been demonstrated on a three-unit power system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20load%20dispatch" title="economic load dispatch">economic load dispatch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generating%20units" title=" generating units"> generating units</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiobjective%20optimization" title=" multiobjective optimization"> multiobjective optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighting%20method" title=" weighting method"> weighting method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117420/multiobjective-economic-dispatch-using-optimal-weighting-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">175</span> Analysis of Rural Roads in Developing Countries Using Principal Component Analysis and Simple Average Technique in the Development of a Road Safety Performance Index</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Tufail">Muhammad Tufail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jawad%20Hussain"> Jawad Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hammad%20Hussain"> Hammad Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Hafeez"> Imran Hafeez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naveed%20Ahmad"> Naveed Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Road safety performance index is a composite index which combines various indicators of road safety into single number. Development of a road safety performance index using appropriate safety performance indicators is essential to enhance road safety. However, a road safety performance index in developing countries has not been given as much priority as needed. The primary objective of this research is to develop a general Road Safety Performance Index (RSPI) for developing countries based on the facility as well as behavior of road user. The secondary objectives include finding the critical inputs in the RSPI and finding the better method of making the index. In this study, the RSPI is developed by selecting four main safety performance indicators i.e., protective system (seat belt, helmet etc.), road (road width, signalized intersections, number of lanes, speed limit), number of pedestrians, and number of vehicles. Data on these four safety performance indicators were collected using observation survey on a 20 km road section of the National Highway N-125 road Taxila, Pakistan. For the development of this composite index, two methods are used: a) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and b) Equal Weighting (EW) method. PCA is used for extraction, weighting, and linear aggregation of indicators to obtain a single value. An individual index score was calculated for each road section by multiplication of weights and standardized values of each safety performance indicator. However, Simple Average technique was used for weighting and linear aggregation of indicators to develop a RSPI. The road sections are ranked according to RSPI scores using both methods. The two weighting methods are compared, and the PCA method is found to be much more reliable than the Simple Average Technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indicators" title="indicators">indicators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregation" title=" aggregation"> aggregation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principle%20component%20analysis" title=" principle component analysis"> principle component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighting" title=" weighting"> weighting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=index%20score" title=" index score"> index score</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132175/analysis-of-rural-roads-in-developing-countries-using-principal-component-analysis-and-simple-average-technique-in-the-development-of-a-road-safety-performance-index" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">174</span> Simplified Stress Gradient Method for Stress-Intensity Factor Determination </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeries%20J.%20Abou-Hanna">Jeries J. Abou-Hanna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several techniques exist for determining stress-intensity factors in linear elastic fracture mechanics analysis. These techniques are based on analytical, numerical, and empirical approaches that have been well documented in literature and engineering handbooks. However, not all techniques share the same merit. In addition to overly-conservative results, the numerical methods that require extensive computational effort, and those requiring copious user parameters hinder practicing engineers from efficiently evaluating stress-intensity factors. This paper investigates the prospects of reducing the complexity and required variables to determine stress-intensity factors through the utilization of the stress gradient and a weighting function. The heart of this work resides in the understanding that fracture emanating from stress concentration locations cannot be explained by a single maximum stress value approach, but requires use of a critical volume in which the crack exists. In order to understand the effectiveness of this technique, this study investigated components of different notch geometry and varying levels of stress gradients. Two forms of weighting functions were employed to determine stress-intensity factors and results were compared to analytical exact methods. The results indicated that the “exponential” weighting function was superior to the “absolute” weighting function. An error band +/- 10% was met for cases ranging from a steep stress gradient in a sharp v-notch to the less severe stress transitions of a large circular notch. The incorporation of the proposed method has shown to be a worthwhile consideration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture%20mechanics" title="fracture mechanics">fracture mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20intensity%20factor" title=" stress intensity factor"> stress intensity factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20gradient" title=" stress gradient"> stress gradient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110572/simplified-stress-gradient-method-for-stress-intensity-factor-determination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">173</span> Optimal Tuning of Linear Quadratic Regulator Controller Using a Particle Swarm Optimization for Two-Rotor Aerodynamical System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayad%20Al-Mahturi">Ayad Al-Mahturi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herman%20Wahid"> Herman Wahid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an optimal state feedback controller based on Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) for a two-rotor aero-dynamical system (TRAS). TRAS is a highly nonlinear multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system with two degrees of freedom and cross coupling. There are two parameters that define the behavior of LQR controller: state weighting matrix and control weighting matrix. The two parameters influence the performance of LQR. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed to optimally tune weighting matrices of LQR. The major concern of using LQR controller is to stabilize the TRAS by making the beam move quickly and accurately for tracking a trajectory or to reach a desired altitude. The simulation results were carried out in MATLAB/Simulink. The system is decoupled into two single-input single-output (SISO) systems. Comparing the performance of the optimized proportional, integral and derivative (PID) controller provided by INTECO, results depict that LQR controller gives a better performance in terms of both transient and steady state responses when PSO is performed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LQR%20controller" title="LQR controller">LQR controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20control" title=" optimal control"> optimal control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization%20%28PSO%29" title=" particle swarm optimization (PSO)"> particle swarm optimization (PSO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20rotor%20aero-dynamical%20system%20%28TRAS%29" title=" two rotor aero-dynamical system (TRAS)"> two rotor aero-dynamical system (TRAS)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65313/optimal-tuning-of-linear-quadratic-regulator-controller-using-a-particle-swarm-optimization-for-two-rotor-aerodynamical-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">172</span> Hybrid Weighted Multiple Attribute Decision Making Handover Method for Heterogeneous Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohanad%20Alhabo">Mohanad Alhabo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Zhang"> Li Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naveed%20Nawaz"> Naveed Nawaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Small cell deployment in 5G networks is a promising technology to enhance capacity and coverage. However, unplanned deployment may cause high interference levels and high number of unnecessary handovers, which in turn will result in an increase in the signalling overhead. To guarantee service continuity, minimize unnecessary handovers, and reduce signalling overhead in heterogeneous networks, it is essential to properly model the handover decision problem. In this paper, we model the handover decision according to Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) method, specifically Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). In this paper, we propose a hybrid TOPSIS method to control the handover in heterogeneous network. The proposed method adopts a hybrid weighting, which is a combination of entropy and standard deviation. A hybrid weighting control parameter is introduced to balance the impact of the standard deviation and entropy weighting on the network selection process and the overall performance. Our proposed method shows better performance, in terms of the number of frequent handovers and the mean user throughput, compared to the existing methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=handover" title="handover">handover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HetNets" title=" HetNets"> HetNets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interference" title=" interference"> interference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MADM" title=" MADM"> MADM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20cells" title=" small cells"> small cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TOPSIS" title=" TOPSIS"> TOPSIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight" title=" weight"> weight</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129187/hybrid-weighted-multiple-attribute-decision-making-handover-method-for-heterogeneous-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129187.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">171</span> Bag of Words Representation Based on Weighting Useful Visual Words</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Abdedayem">Fatma Abdedayem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The most effective and efficient methods in image categorization are almost based on bag-of-words (BOW) which presents image by a histogram of occurrence of visual words. In this paper, we propose a novel extension to this method. Firstly, we extract features in multi-scales by applying a color local descriptor named opponent-SIFT. Secondly, in order to represent image we use Spatial Pyramid Representation (SPR) and an extension to the BOW method which based on weighting visual words. Typically, the visual words are weighted during histogram assignment by computing the ratio of their occurrences in the image to the occurrences in the background. Finally, according to classical BOW retrieval framework, only a few words of the vocabulary is useful for image representation. Therefore, we select the useful weighted visual words that respect the threshold value. Experimentally, the algorithm is tested by using different image classes of PASCAL VOC 2007 and is compared against the classical bag-of-visual-words algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BOW" title="BOW">BOW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=useful%20visual%20words" title=" useful visual words"> useful visual words</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighted%20visual%20words" title=" weighted visual words"> weighted visual words</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bag%20of%20visual%20words" title=" bag of visual words"> bag of visual words</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14009/bag-of-words-representation-based-on-weighting-useful-visual-words" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">170</span> Determinants of Probability Weighting and Probability Neglect: An Experimental Study of the Role of Emotions, Risk Perception, and Personality in Flood Insurance Demand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20J.%20Robinson">Peter J. Robinson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20J.%20Wouter%20Botzen"> W. J. Wouter Botzen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Individuals often over-weight low probabilities and under-weight moderate to high probabilities, however very low probabilities are either significantly over-weighted or neglected. Little is known about factors affecting probability weighting in Prospect Theory related to emotions specific to risk (anticipatory and anticipated emotions), the threshold of concern, as well as personality traits like locus of control. This study provides these insights by examining factors that influence probability weighting in the context of flood insurance demand in an economic experiment. In particular, we focus on determinants of flood probability neglect to provide recommendations for improved risk management. In addition, results obtained using real incentives and no performance-based payments are compared in the experiment with high experimental outcomes. Based on data collected from 1’041 Dutch homeowners, we find that: flood probability neglect is related to anticipated regret, worry and the threshold of concern. Moreover, locus of control and regret affect probabilistic pessimism. Nevertheless, we do not observe strong evidence that incentives influence flood probability neglect nor probability weighting. The results show that low, moderate and high flood probabilities are under-weighted, which is related to framing in the flooding context and the degree of realism respondents attach to high probability property damages. We suggest several policies to overcome psychological factors related to under-weighting flood probabilities to improve flood preparations. These include policies that promote better risk communication to enhance insurance decisions for individuals with a high threshold of concern, and education and information provision to change the behaviour of internal locus of control types as well as people who see insurance as an investment. Multi-year flood insurance may also prevent short-sighted behaviour of people who have a tendency to regret paying for insurance. Moreover, bundling low-probability/high-impact risks with more immediate risks may achieve an overall covered risk which is less likely to be judged as falling below thresholds of concern. These measures could aid the development of a flood insurance market in the Netherlands for which we find to be demand. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood%20insurance%20demand" title="flood insurance demand">flood insurance demand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prospect%20theory" title=" prospect theory"> prospect theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20perceptions" title=" risk perceptions"> risk perceptions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20preferences" title=" risk preferences"> risk preferences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88728/determinants-of-probability-weighting-and-probability-neglect-an-experimental-study-of-the-role-of-emotions-risk-perception-and-personality-in-flood-insurance-demand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">169</span> Evaluating and Reducing Aircraft Technical Delays and Cancellations Impact on Reliability Operational: Case Study of Airline Operator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20A.%20Ghobbar">Adel A. Ghobbar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Bakkar"> Ahmad Bakkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although special care is given to maintenance, aircraft systems fail, and these failures cause delays and cancellations. The occurrence of Delays and Cancellations affects operators and manufacturers negatively. To reduce technical delays and cancellations, one should be able to determine the important systems causing them. The goal of this research is to find a method to define the most expensive delays and cancellations systems for Airline operators. A predictive model was introduced to forecast the failure and their impact after carrying out research that identifies relevant information to tackle the problems faced while answering the questions of this paper. Data were obtained from the manufacturers’ services reliability team database. Subsequently, delays and cancellations evaluation methods were identified. No cost estimation methods were used due to their complexity. The model was developed, and it takes into account the frequency of delays and cancellations and uses weighting factors to give an indication of the severity of their duration. The weighting factors are based on customer experience. The data Analysis approach has shown that delays and cancellations events are not seasonal and do not follow any specific trends. The use of weighting factor does have an influence on the shortlist over short periods (Monthly) but not the analyzed period of three years. Landing gear and the navigation system are among the top 3 factors causing delays and cancellations for all three aircraft types. The results did confirm that the cooperation between certain operators and manufacture reduce the impact of delays and cancellations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title="reliability">reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=availability" title=" availability"> availability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delays%20%26%20cancellations" title=" delays & cancellations"> delays & cancellations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aircraft%20maintenance" title=" aircraft maintenance"> aircraft maintenance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108908/evaluating-and-reducing-aircraft-technical-delays-and-cancellations-impact-on-reliability-operational-case-study-of-airline-operator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108908.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">168</span> Training a Neural Network Using Input Dropout with Aggressive Reweighting (IDAR) on Datasets with Many Useless Features</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stylianos%20Kampakis">Stylianos Kampakis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a new algorithm for neural networks called “Input Dropout with Aggressive Re-weighting” (IDAR) aimed specifically at datasets with many useless features. IDAR combines two techniques (dropout of input neurons and aggressive re weighting) in order to eliminate the influence of noisy features. The technique can be seen as a generalization of dropout. The algorithm is tested on two different benchmark data sets: a noisy version of the iris dataset and the MADELON data set. Its performance is compared against three other popular techniques for dealing with useless features: L2 regularization, LASSO and random forests. The results demonstrate that IDAR can be an effective technique for handling data sets with many useless features. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks" title="neural networks">neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20selection" title=" feature selection"> feature selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regularization" title=" regularization"> regularization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggressive%20reweighting" title=" aggressive reweighting"> aggressive reweighting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20362/training-a-neural-network-using-input-dropout-with-aggressive-reweighting-idar-on-datasets-with-many-useless-features" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">167</span> Documents Emotions Classification Model Based on TF-IDF Weighting Measure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amr%20Mansour%20Mohsen">Amr Mansour Mohsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hesham%20Ahmed%20Hassan"> Hesham Ahmed Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20M.%20Idrees"> Amira M. Idrees</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Emotions classification of text documents is applied to reveal if the document expresses a determined emotion from its writer. As different supervised methods are previously used for emotion documents’ classification, in this research we present a novel model that supports the classification algorithms for more accurate results by the support of TF-IDF measure. Different experiments have been applied to reveal the applicability of the proposed model, the model succeeds in raising the accuracy percentage according to the determined metrics (precision, recall, and f-measure) based on applying the refinement of the lexicon, integration of lexicons using different perspectives, and applying the TF-IDF weighting measure over the classifying features. The proposed model has also been compared with other research to prove its competence in raising the results’ accuracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion%20detection" title="emotion detection">emotion detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TF-IDF" title=" TF-IDF"> TF-IDF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WEKA%20tool" title=" WEKA tool"> WEKA tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification%20algorithms" title=" classification algorithms"> classification algorithms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41563/documents-emotions-classification-model-based-on-tf-idf-weighting-measure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41563.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">166</span> Parameter Interactions in the Cumulative Prospect Theory: Fitting the Binary Choice Experiment Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elzbieta%20Babula">Elzbieta Babula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juhyun%20Park"> Juhyun Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tversky and Kahneman’s cumulative prospect theory assumes symmetric probability cumulation with regard to the reference point within decision weights. Theoretically, this model should be invariant under the change of the direction of probability cumulation. In the present study, this phenomenon is being investigated by creating a reference model that allows verifying the parameter interactions in the cumulative prospect theory specifications. The simultaneous parametric fitting of utility and weighting functions is applied to binary choice data from the experiment. The results show that the flexibility of the probability weighting function is a crucial characteristic allowing to prevent parameter interactions while estimating cumulative prospect theory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20choice%20experiment" title="binary choice experiment">binary choice experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cumulative%20prospect%20theory" title=" cumulative prospect theory"> cumulative prospect theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20weights" title=" decision weights"> decision weights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameter%20interactions" title=" parameter interactions"> parameter interactions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139527/parameter-interactions-in-the-cumulative-prospect-theory-fitting-the-binary-choice-experiment-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139527.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">165</span> Household Wealth and Portfolio Choice When Tail Events Are Salient</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlson%20Murray">Carlson Murray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Lazrak">Ali Lazrak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Robust experimental evidence of systematic violations of expected utility (EU) establishes that individuals facing risk overweight utility from low probability gains and losses when making choices. These findings motivated development of models of preferences with probability weighting functions, such as rank dependent utility (RDU). We solve for the optimal investing strategy of an RDU investor in a dynamic binomial setting from which we derive implications for investing behavior. We show that relative to EU investors with constant relative risk aversion, commonly measured probability weighting functions produce optimal RDU terminal wealth with significant downside protection and upside exposure. We additionally find that in contrast to EU investors, RDU investors optimally choose a portfolio that contains fair bets that provide payo↵s that can be interpreted as lottery outcomes or exposure to idiosyncratic returns. In a calibrated version of the model, we calculate that RDU investors would be willing to pay 5% of their initial wealth for the freedom to trade away from an optimal EU wealth allocation. The dynamic trading strategy that supports the optimal wealth allocation implies portfolio weights that are independent of initial wealth but requires higher risky share after good stock return histories. Optimal trading also implies the possibility of non-participation when historical returns are poor. Our model fills a gap in the literature by providing new quantitative and qualitative predictions that can be tested experimentally or using data on household wealth and portfolio choice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavioral%20finance" title="behavioral finance">behavioral finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability%20weighting" title=" probability weighting"> probability weighting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portfolio%20choice" title=" portfolio choice"> portfolio choice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19971/household-wealth-and-portfolio-choice-when-tail-events-are-salient" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">164</span> A User Centred Based Approach for Designing Everyday Product: A Case Study of an Alarm Clock</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Obokhai%20Kess%20Asikhia">Obokhai Kess Asikhia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work explores design concept generation by understanding user needs through observation and interview. The aim is to examine several principles and guidelines in obtaining evidence from observing how users interact with the targeted product and interviewing them to acquire deep insights of their needs. With the help of Quality Function Deployment (QFD), the identified needs of the users while interacting with the product were ranked using the normalised weighting approach. Furthermore, a low fidelity prototype of the alarm clock is developed with a view of addressing the identified needs of the users. Finally, the low fidelity prototype design was evaluated with two design prototypes already existing in the market through a study involving 30 participants. Preliminary results reveal higher performance ratings by the majority of the participants of the new prototype compared to the other existing alarm clocks in the market used in the study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20concept" title="design concept">design concept</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20fidelity%20prototype" title=" low fidelity prototype"> low fidelity prototype</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normalised%20weighting%20approach" title=" normalised weighting approach"> normalised weighting approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20function%20deployment" title=" quality function deployment"> quality function deployment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20needs" title=" user needs"> user needs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74626/a-user-centred-based-approach-for-designing-everyday-product-a-case-study-of-an-alarm-clock" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74626.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">163</span> Bias-Corrected Estimation Methods for Receiver Operating Characteristic Surface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khanh%20To%20Duc">Khanh To Duc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monica%20Chiogna"> Monica Chiogna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gianfranco%20Adimari"> Gianfranco Adimari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With three diagnostic categories, assessment of the performance of diagnostic tests is achieved by the analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) surface, which generalizes the ROC curve for binary diagnostic outcomes. The volume under the ROC surface (VUS) is a summary index usually employed for measuring the overall diagnostic accuracy. When the true disease status can be exactly assessed by means of a gold standard (GS) test, unbiased nonparametric estimators of the ROC surface and VUS are easily obtained. In practice, unfortunately, disease status verification via the GS test could be unavailable for all study subjects, due to the expensiveness or invasiveness of the GS test. Thus, often only a subset of patients undergoes disease verification. Statistical evaluations of diagnostic accuracy based only on data from subjects with verified disease status are typically biased. This bias is known as verification bias. Here, we consider the problem of correcting for verification bias when continuous diagnostic tests for three-class disease status are considered. We assume that selection for disease verification does not depend on disease status, given test results and other observed covariates, i.e., we assume that the true disease status, when missing, is missing at random. Under this assumption, we discuss several solutions for ROC surface analysis based on imputation and re-weighting methods. In particular, verification bias-corrected estimators of the ROC surface and of VUS are proposed, namely, full imputation, mean score imputation, inverse probability weighting and semiparametric efficient estimators. Consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators are established, and their finite sample behavior is investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulation studies. Two illustrations using real datasets are also given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imputation" title="imputation">imputation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=missing%20at%20random" title=" missing at random"> missing at random</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20probability%20weighting" title=" inverse probability weighting"> inverse probability weighting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ROC%20surface%20analysis" title=" ROC surface analysis"> ROC surface analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51883/bias-corrected-estimation-methods-for-receiver-operating-characteristic-surface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51883.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">162</span> A Pedagogical Case Study on Consumer Decision Making Models: A Selection of Smart Phone Apps</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong%20Bum%20Shin">Yong Bum Shin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This case focuses on Weighted additive difference, Conjunctive, Disjunctive, and Elimination by aspects methodologies in consumer decision-making models and the Simple additive weighting (SAW) approach in the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) area. Most decision-making models illustrate that the rank reversal phenomenon is unpreventable. This paper presents that rank reversal occurs in popular managerial methods such as Weighted Additive Difference (WAD), Conjunctive Method, Disjunctive Method, Elimination by Aspects (EBA) and MCDM methods as well as such as the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) and finally Unified Commensurate Multiple (UCM) models which successfully addresses these rank reversal problems in most popular MCDM methods in decision-making area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20criteria%20decision%20making" title="multiple criteria decision making">multiple criteria decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rank%20inconsistency" title=" rank inconsistency"> rank inconsistency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unified%20commensurate%20multiple" title=" unified commensurate multiple"> unified commensurate multiple</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytic%20hierarchy%20process" title=" analytic hierarchy process"> analytic hierarchy process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163543/a-pedagogical-case-study-on-consumer-decision-making-models-a-selection-of-smart-phone-apps" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">161</span> Adopting the Two-Stage Nested Mixed Analysis of Variance Test to the Eco Indicator 99 to Evaluate Building Technologies under LCA Uncertainties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20Pushkar">Svetlana Pushkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Eco-indicator 99 (EI99) considers fundamental life cycle assessment (LCA) uncertainties via egalitarian/egalitarian (e/e), hierarchist/hierarchist (h/h), individualist/individualist (i/i), individualist/average (i/a), egalitarian/average (e/a), and hierarchist/average (h/a) methodological options. The objective of this study is to provide a reliable two-stage nested mixed balanced Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test as a supplemental test to EI99 to address the problematic combination of similarly and not similarly produced materials usually found in building technologies. The robustness of the test was determined from both the “EI99 (all options)” stage (including e/e, i/i, h/h, e/a, i/a, and h/a - all methodological options) and the “EI99 (perspectives)” stage (including e/e, i/i, and h/h methodological options of EI99 - the methodological options with their particular weighting set or e/a, i/a, and h/a methodological options of EI99 - the methodological options with the average weighting set) of evaluating building technologies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20technologies" title="building technologies">building technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LCA%20uncertainty" title=" LCA uncertainty"> LCA uncertainty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eco-indicator%2099" title=" Eco-indicator 99"> Eco-indicator 99</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-stage%20nested%20mixed%20ANOVA%20test" title=" two-stage nested mixed ANOVA test"> two-stage nested mixed ANOVA test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6114/adopting-the-two-stage-nested-mixed-analysis-of-variance-test-to-the-eco-indicator-99-to-evaluate-building-technologies-under-lca-uncertainties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6114.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">160</span> An Overview on Aluminum Matrix Composites: Liquid State Processing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20P.%20Jordan">S. P. Jordan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Christian"> G. Christian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20P.%20Jeffs"> S. P. Jeffs</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modern composite materials are increasingly being chosen in replacement of heavier metallic material systems within many engineering fields including aerospace and automotive industries. The increasing push towards satisfying environmental targets are fuelling new material technologies and manufacturing processes. This paper will introduce materials and manufacturing processes using metal matrix composites along with manufacturing processes optimized at Alvant Ltd., based in Basingstoke in the UK which offers modern, cost effective, selectively reinforced composites for light-weighting applications within engineering. An overview and introduction into modern optimized manufacturing methods capable of producing viable replacements for heavier metallic and lower temperature capable polymer composites are offered. A review of the capabilities and future applications of this viable material is discussed to highlight the potential involved in further optimization of old manufacturing techniques, to fully realize the potential to lightweight material using cost-effective methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium%20matrix%20composites" title="aluminium matrix composites">aluminium matrix composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light-weighting" title=" light-weighting"> light-weighting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20squeeze%20casting" title=" hybrid squeeze casting"> hybrid squeeze casting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategically%20placed%20reinforcements" title=" strategically placed reinforcements"> strategically placed reinforcements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129014/an-overview-on-aluminum-matrix-composites-liquid-state-processing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129014.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">159</span> Relevance Feedback within CBIR Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mawloud%20Mosbah">Mawloud Mosbah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bachir%20Boucheham"> Bachir Boucheham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present here the results for a comparative study of some techniques, available in the literature, related to the relevance feedback mechanism in the case of a short-term learning. Only one method among those considered here is belonging to the data mining field which is the K-Nearest Neighbours Algorithm (KNN) while the rest of the methods is related purely to the information retrieval field and they fall under the purview of the following three major axes: Shifting query, Feature Weighting and the optimization of the parameters of similarity metric. As a contribution, and in addition to the comparative purpose, we propose a new version of the KNN algorithm referred to as an incremental KNN which is distinct from the original version in the sense that besides the influence of the seeds, the rate of the actual target image is influenced also by the images already rated. The results presented here have been obtained after experiments conducted on the Wang database for one iteration and utilizing colour moments on the RGB space. This compact descriptor, Colour Moments, is adequate for the efficiency purposes needed in the case of interactive systems. The results obtained allow us to claim that the proposed algorithm proves good results; it even outperforms a wide range of techniques available in the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CBIR" title="CBIR">CBIR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=category%20search" title=" category search"> category search</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relevance%20feedback" title=" relevance feedback"> relevance feedback</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=query%20point%20movement" title=" query point movement"> query point movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20Rocchio%E2%80%99s%20formula" title=" standard Rocchio’s formula"> standard Rocchio’s formula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20shifting%20query" title=" adaptive shifting query"> adaptive shifting query</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20weighting" title=" feature weighting"> feature weighting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=original%20KNN" title=" original KNN"> original KNN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incremental%20KNN" title=" incremental KNN"> incremental KNN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7872/relevance-feedback-within-cbir-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">158</span> Optimization of Water Pipeline Routes Using a GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and a Geometric Search Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leon%20Mortari">Leon Mortari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Metropolitan East region of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, faces a historic water scarcity. Among the alternatives studied to solve this situation, the possibility of adduction of the available water in the reservoir Lagoa de Juturnaíba to supply the region's municipalities stands out. The allocation of a linear engineering project must occur through an evaluation of different aspects, such as altitude, slope, proximity to roads, distance from watercourses, land use and occupation, and physical and chemical features of the soil. This work aims to apply a multi-criteria model that combines geoprocessing techniques, decision-making, and geometric search algorithm to optimize a hypothetical adductor system in the scenario of expanding the water supply system that serves this region, known as Imunana-Laranjal, using the Lagoa de Juturnaíba as the source. It is proposed in this study, the construction of a spatial database related to the presented evaluation criteria, treatment and rasterization of these data, and standardization and reclassification of this information in a Geographic Information System (GIS) platform. The methodology involves the integrated analysis of these criteria, using their relative importance defined by weighting them based on expert consultations and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Three approaches are defined for weighting the criteria by AHP: the first treats all criteria as equally important, the second considers weighting based on a pairwise comparison matrix, and the third establishes a hierarchy based on the priority of the criteria. For each approach, a distinct group of weightings is defined. In the next step, map algebra tools are used to overlay the layers and generate cost surfaces, that indicates the resistance to the passage of the adductor route, using the three groups of weightings. The Dijkstra algorithm, a geometric search algorithm, is then applied to these cost surfaces to find an optimized path within the geographical space, aiming to minimize resources, time, investment, maintenance, and environmental and social impacts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometric%20search%20algorithm" title="geometric search algorithm">geometric search algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipeline" title=" pipeline"> pipeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=route%20optimization" title=" route optimization"> route optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20multi-criteria%20analysis%20model" title=" spatial multi-criteria analysis model"> spatial multi-criteria analysis model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188969/optimization-of-water-pipeline-routes-using-a-gis-based-multi-criteria-decision-analysis-and-a-geometric-search-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">157</span> Application of Remote Sensing and GIS for Delineating Groundwater Potential Zones of Ariyalur, Southern Part of India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Gnanachandrasamy">G. Gnanachandrasamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Zhou"> Y. Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Venkatramanan"> S. Venkatramanan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Ramkumar"> T. Ramkumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Wang"> S. Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The natural resources of groundwater are the most precious resources around the world that balances are shrinking day by day. In connection, there is an urgency need for demarcation of potential groundwater zone. For these rationale integration of geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing techniques (RS) for the hydrological studies have become a dramatic change in the field of hydrological research. These techniques are provided to locate the potential zone of groundwater. This research has been made to indent groundwater potential zone in Ariyalur of the southern part of India with help of GIS and remote sensing techniques. To identify the groundwater potential zone used by different thematic layers of geology, geomorphology, drainage, drainage density, lineaments, lineaments density, soil and slope with inverse distance weighting (IDW) methods. From the overall result reveals that the potential zone of groundwater in the study area classified into five classes named as very good (12.18 %), good (22.74 %), moderate (32.28 %), poor (27.7 %) and very poor (5.08 %). This technique suggested that very good potential zone of groundwater occurred in patches of northern and central parts of Jayamkondam, Andimadam and Palur regions in Ariyalur district. The result exhibited that inverse distance weighting method offered in this research is an effective tool for interpreting groundwater potential zones for suitable development and management of groundwater resources in different hydrogeological environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title="GIS">GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20potential%20zone" title=" groundwater potential zone"> groundwater potential zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrology" title=" hydrology"> hydrology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79645/application-of-remote-sensing-and-gis-for-delineating-groundwater-potential-zones-of-ariyalur-southern-part-of-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">156</span> Prototype for Measuring Blue Light Protection in Sunglasses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20D.%20Loureiro">A. D. Loureiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Ventura"> L. Ventura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Exposure to high-energy blue light has been strongly linked to the development of some eye diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration. Over the past few years, people have become more and more concerned about eye damage from blue light and how it can be prevented. We developed a prototype that allows users to self-check the blue light protection of their sunglasses and determines if the protection is adequate. Weighting functions approximating those defined in ISO 12312-1 were used to measure the luminous transmittance and blue light transmittance of sunglasses. The blue light transmittance value must be less than 1.2 times the luminous transmittance to be considered adequate. The prototype consists of a Golden Dragon Ultra White LED from OSRAM and a TCS3472 photodetector from AMS TAOS. Together, they provide four transmittance values weighted with different functions. These four transmittance values were then linearly combined to produce transmittance values with weighting functions close to those defined in ISO 12312-1 for luminous transmittance and for blue light transmittance. To evaluate our prototype, we used a VARIAN Cary 5000 spectrophotometer, a gold standard in the field, to measure the luminous transmittance and the blue light transmittance of 60 sunglasses lenses. (and Bland-Altman analysis was performed) Bland-Altman analysis was performed and showed non-significant bias and narrow 95% limits of agreement within predefined tolerances for both luminous transmittance and blue light transmittance. The results show that the prototype is a viable means of providing blue light protection information to the general public and a quick and easy way for industry and retailers to test their products. In addition, our prototype plays an important role in educating the public about a feature to look for in sunglasses before purchasing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blue%20light" title="blue light">blue light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sunglasses" title=" sunglasses"> sunglasses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye%20protective%20devices" title=" eye protective devices"> eye protective devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmittance%20measurement" title=" transmittance measurement"> transmittance measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standards" title=" standards"> standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISO%2012312-1" title=" ISO 12312-1"> ISO 12312-1</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163500/prototype-for-measuring-blue-light-protection-in-sunglasses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163500.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighting&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighting&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighting&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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