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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Complessi_da_camera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Complessi_da_camera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Complessi da camera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Complessi_da_camera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orchestra_da_camera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orchestra_da_camera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Orchestra da camera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orchestra_da_camera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orchestra_filarmonica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orchestra_filarmonica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Orchestra filarmonica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orchestra_filarmonica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orchestra_a_fiati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orchestra_a_fiati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Orchestra a fiati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orchestra_a_fiati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orchestra_sinfonica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orchestra_sinfonica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Orchestra sinfonica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orchestra_sinfonica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Struttura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Struttura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Struttura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Struttura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disposizione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disposizione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>Disposizione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disposizione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Storia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Storia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Orchestra_d'archi_o_barocca:_Seicento_e_Settecento" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orchestra_d'archi_o_barocca:_Seicento_e_Settecento"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Orchestra d'archi o barocca: Seicento e Settecento</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orchestra_d'archi_o_barocca:_Seicento_e_Settecento-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orchestra_da_camera_o_classica:_Settecento_e_Ottocento" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orchestra_da_camera_o_classica:_Settecento_e_Ottocento"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Orchestra da camera o classica: Settecento e Ottocento</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orchestra_da_camera_o_classica:_Settecento_e_Ottocento-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orchestra_sinfonica_o_romantica:_Ottocento_e_Novecento" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orchestra_sinfonica_o_romantica:_Ottocento_e_Novecento"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Orchestra sinfonica o romantica: Ottocento e Novecento</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orchestra_sinfonica_o_romantica:_Ottocento_e_Novecento-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orchestra_da_film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orchestra_da_film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Orchestra da film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orchestra_da_film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Orchestra</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 101 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-101" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">101 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchester" title="Orchester - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Orchester" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="أوركسترا - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوركسترا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%9F%DC%9D%DC%A3%DC%9B%DC%AA%DC%90" title="ܐܘܪܟܝܣܛܪܐ - aramaico" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܘܪܟܝܣܛܪܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="اوركسترا - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوركسترا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orquesta" title="Orquesta - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Orquesta" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkestr" title="Orkestr - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Orkestr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="اورکستر - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اورکستر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Аркестр - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аркестр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Оркестър - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Оркестър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%90%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B2" title="ঐকবাদনদল - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ঐকবাদনদল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkestar" title="Orkestar - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Orkestar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orquestra" title="Orquestra - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Orquestra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8E%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ئۆرکێسترا - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆرکێسترا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestr" title="Orchestr - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Orchestr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Оркестр - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Оркестр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkester" title="Orkester - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Orkester" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchester" title="Orchester - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Orchester" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkestra" title="Orkestra - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Orkestra" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CF%87%CE%AE%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Ορχήστρα - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ορχήστρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Orchestra" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkestro" title="Orkestro - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Orkestro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orquesta" title="Orquesta - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Orquesta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkester" title="Orkester - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Orkester" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkestra" title="Orkestra - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Orkestra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="ارکستر - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ارکستر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkesteri" title="Orkesteri - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Orkesteri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkestur" title="Orkestur - faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Orkestur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestre" title="Orchestre - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Orchestre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkest" title="Orkest - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Orkest" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceolfhoireann" title="Ceolfhoireann - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ceolfhoireann" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%A1%E5%BC%A6%E6%A8%82%E5%9C%98" title="管弦樂團 - gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="管弦樂團" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ork%C3%A8s" title="Orkès - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Orkès" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orquestra" title="Orquestra - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Orquestra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbopuvaaty" title="Mbopuvaaty - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mbopuvaaty" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra - hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Orchestra" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA" title="תזמורת - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תזמורת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkestar" title="Orkestar - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Orkestar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenekar" title="Zenekar - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zenekar" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A2" title="Նվագախումբ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նվագախումբ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Orchestra" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkes" title="Orkes - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orkes" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestre" title="Orchestre - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Orchestre" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkestro" title="Orkestro - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Orkestro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlj%C3%B3msveit" title="Hljómsveit - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hljómsveit" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B1%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9" title="オーケストラ - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オーケストラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aakeschra" title="Aakeschra - creolo giamaicano" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aakeschra" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="creolo giamaicano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkestra" title="Orkestra - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Orkestra" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ორკესტრი - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ორკესტრი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Оркестр - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Оркестр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಗೋಷ್ಠಿಗಾನ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗೋಷ್ಠಿಗಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%80%ED%98%84%EC%95%85%EB%8B%A8" title="관현악단 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="관현악단" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Оркестр - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Оркестр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Orchestra" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkes" title="Orkes - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Orkes" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkestras" title="Orkestras - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Orkestras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or%C4%B7estris" title="Orķestris - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Orķestris" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Оркестар - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Оркестар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0" title="ഓർകെസ്ട്ര - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓർകെസ്ട്ര" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%85%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Найрал хөгжим - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Найрал хөгжим" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkestra" title="Orkestra - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orkestra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B6%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8" title="သံစုံတီးဝိုင်းကြီး - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သံစုံတီးဝိုင်းကြီး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="अर्केस्त्रा - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अर्केस्त्रा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkest" title="Orkest - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Orkest" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkester" title="Orkester - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Orkester" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkester" title="Orkester - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Orkester" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orqu%C3%A8stra" title="Orquèstra - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Orquèstra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkestru" title="Orkestru - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Orkestru" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkiestra" title="Orkiestra - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Orkiestra" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orquestra" title="Orquestra - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Orquestra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yatawaki" title="Yatawaki - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yatawaki" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestr%C4%83_simfonic%C4%83" title="Orchestră simfonică - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Orchestră simfonică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Оркестер - Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Оркестер" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Оркестр - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оркестр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Orchestra" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkeasttar" title="Orkeasttar - sami del nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Orkeasttar" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami del nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkestar" title="Orkestar - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Orkestar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Orchestra" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchester" title="Orchester - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Orchester" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkester" title="Orkester - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Orkester" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkestra" title="Orkestra - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Orkestra" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Оркестар - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Оркестар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchester" title="Orchester - saterfriesisch" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Orchester" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkester" title="Orkester - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Orkester" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88" title="சேர்ந்திசை - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சேர்ந்திசை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Оркестр - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Оркестр" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="ออร์เคสตรา - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ออร์เคสตรา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkestra" title="Orkestra - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Orkestra" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkestra" title="Orkestra - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Orkestra" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Оркестр - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Оркестр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ork%C3%A9str" title="Orkéstr - uiguro" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Orkéstr" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Оркестр - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Оркестр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="آرکسٹرا - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آرکسٹرا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkestr" title="Orkestr - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Orkestr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra - veneto" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Orchestra" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A0n_nh%E1%BA%A1c_giao_h%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng" title="Dàn nhạc giao hưởng - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dàn nhạc giao hưởng" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint nota-disambigua"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Orchestra_(disambigua)" class="mw-disambig" title="Orchestra (disambigua)">Orchestra (disambigua)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melbourne_symphony_orchestra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Melbourne_symphony_orchestra.jpg/310px-Melbourne_symphony_orchestra.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Melbourne_symphony_orchestra.jpg/465px-Melbourne_symphony_orchestra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Melbourne_symphony_orchestra.jpg/620px-Melbourne_symphony_orchestra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>La <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Melbourne Symphony Orchestra">Melbourne Symphony Orchestra</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Il termine <b>orchestra</b> nell'antica <a href="/wiki/Grecia_classica" title="Grecia classica">Grecia</a> e antica <a href="/wiki/Roma_(citt%C3%A0_antica)" title="Roma (città antica)">Roma</a> designava il <a href="/wiki/Orchestra_(architettura)" title="Orchestra (architettura)">luogo</a> (alla base della <a href="/wiki/Cavea" title="Cavea">cavea</a>, davanti al <i>logeion</i>, palcoscenico) di un <a href="/wiki/Teatro_(architettura)" title="Teatro (architettura)">teatro</a> dove si svolgeva l'azione scenica del coro popolare (da ορχήομαι<i>, orchéomai</i>, danzare) e fu reimpiegato nel <a href="/wiki/Rinascimento" title="Rinascimento">Rinascimento</a> per denominare l'area immediatamente di fronte al palcoscenico. </p><p>L'uso della parola <i>orchestre</i> o <i>orquestre</i> per riferirsi a un ensemble strumentale, invece che un luogo fisico nel teatro, appare in Francia nella seconda metà del Seicento. La parola orchestra indica genericamente un insieme di molti strumentisti. Come istituzione, l'orchestra è nata nei secoli XVII e XVIII in Europa ed è stata in seguito diffusa nel resto del mondo. Le attuali orchestre di musica classica sono formate da strumenti musicali ad arco, a fiato e a percussione. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Categorizzazione">Categorizzazione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Categorizzazione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Categorizzazione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Complessi_da_camera">Complessi da camera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Complessi da camera" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Complessi da camera"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gruppi di strumenti che venivano ingaggiati per suonare nelle case del pubblico, spesso ristretto, da cui il nome <i>"da camera".</i> Era perlopiù fruita da un pubblico nobile che poteva permettersi un concerto di strumenti in casa propria, e, ovviamente, era privata. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orchestra_da_camera">Orchestra da camera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Orchestra da camera" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Orchestra da camera"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orchestra formata da un numero ridotto di strumenti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orchestra_filarmonica">Orchestra filarmonica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Orchestra filarmonica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Orchestra filarmonica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il termine <b>orchestra filarmonica</b> non è indicativo del tipo di orchestra. Spesso la dicitura indica una struttura associativa, una sorta di cooperativa gestita dai componenti stessi dell'orchestra. Esempi sono i <a href="/wiki/Wiener_Philharmoniker" title="Wiener Philharmoniker">Wiener Philharmoniker</a>, con elementi dell'Orchestra dell'<a href="/wiki/Wiener_Staatsoper" title="Wiener Staatsoper">Opera di Stato di Vienna</a>, l'Orchestra <a href="/wiki/Filarmonica_della_Scala" title="Filarmonica della Scala">Filarmonica della Scala</a>, formata da musicisti dell'Orchestra del Teatro alla Scala ed i <a href="/wiki/Berliner_Philharmoniker" title="Berliner Philharmoniker">Berliner Philharmoniker</a>, nome che fino al 2002 indicava gli elementi dell'Orchestra Filarmonica di Berlino organizzati in una forma privata. </p><p>Inoltre ci sono orchestre che sono denominate come Filarmoniche indipendentemente dalla loro struttura lavorativa, come la <a href="/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic" title="New York Philharmonic">New York Philharmonic</a> o i <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchner_Philharmoniker" title="Münchner Philharmoniker">Münchner Philharmoniker</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orchestra_a_fiati">Orchestra a fiati</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Orchestra a fiati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Orchestra a fiati"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'orchestra a fiati è formata da strumenti a fiato tipici dell'organico sinfonico, quindi legni e ottoni, più la sezione ad arco formata dal contrabbasso singolo o in due, le percussioni orchestrali e i timpani. Di per sé è un organico che può eseguire brani scritti appositamente oppure adattamenti e trascrizioni di musiche sinfoniche. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orchestra_sinfonica">Orchestra sinfonica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Orchestra sinfonica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Orchestra sinfonica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'orchestra sinfonica è un'orchestra di grandi dimensioni che può comprendere gli strumenti di tutte le famiglie. Oggi è composta normalmente da più di quaranta <a href="/wiki/Musicista" title="Musicista">strumentisti</a> e può a volte superare il centinaio di elementi. Di solito comprende archi, legni, ottoni e percussioni. Gli strumenti possono variare. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Struttura">Struttura</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Struttura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Struttura"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'orchestra sinfonica è composta da: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strumenti_ad_arco" title="Strumenti ad arco">archi</a>: <a href="/wiki/Violino" title="Violino">violini</a> primi e secondi, <a href="/wiki/Viola_(strumento_musicale)" title="Viola (strumento musicale)">viole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Violoncello" title="Violoncello">violoncelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contrabbasso" title="Contrabbasso">contrabbassi</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arpa" title="Arpa">arpa</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legni" title="Legni">legni</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fagotto" title="Fagotto">fagotti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Controfagotto" title="Controfagotto">controfagotto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oboe_d%27amore" title="Oboe d'amore">oboe d'amore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clarinetto" title="Clarinetto">clarinetti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clarinetto_basso" title="Clarinetto basso">clarinetto basso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clarinetto_piccolo" title="Clarinetto piccolo">clarinetto piccolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corno_inglese" title="Corno inglese">corno inglese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flauto_traverso" title="Flauto traverso">flauti traversi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottavino" title="Ottavino">ottavino</a>, e in alcuni casi i <a href="/wiki/Sassofoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassofoni">sassofoni</a> (in particolare <a href="/wiki/Sassofono_contralto" title="Sassofono contralto">contralti</a>);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoni_(musica)" title="Ottoni (musica)">ottoni</a>: <a href="/wiki/Corno_(strumento_musicale)" title="Corno (strumento musicale)">corni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tromba" title="Tromba">trombe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">tromboni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuba_(strumento_musicale)" title="Tuba (strumento musicale)">tuba</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strumento_a_percussione" title="Strumento a percussione">percussioni</a>: <a href="/wiki/Timpano_(strumento_musicale)" title="Timpano (strumento musicale)">timpani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piatti_orchestrali" title="Piatti orchestrali">piatti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triangolo_(strumento_musicale)" title="Triangolo (strumento musicale)">triangoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grancassa" title="Grancassa">grancassa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tam-tam" title="Tam-tam">tam-tam</a>, con l'aggiunta occasionale di percussioni varie come <a href="/wiki/Xilofono" title="Xilofono">xilofoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rullante" title="Rullante">rullante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celesta" title="Celesta">celesta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conga_(strumento_musicale)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conga (strumento musicale)">conga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Campane_tubolari" title="Campane tubolari">campane tubolari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timbales" title="Timbales">timbales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maracas" title="Maracas">maracas</a>, e percussioni esotiche.</li></ul> <p>Fanno parte non stabile di un'orchestra sinfonica i seguenti strumenti: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pianoforte" title="Pianoforte">pianoforte</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitarra_acustica" title="Chitarra acustica">chitarra acustica</a> ed <a href="/wiki/Chitarra_elettrica" title="Chitarra elettrica">elettrica</a>, talvolta anche il <a href="/wiki/Basso_elettrico" title="Basso elettrico">basso elettrico</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elettrofoni" title="Elettrofoni">elettrofoni</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vibrafono" title="Vibrafono">vibrafoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theremin" title="Theremin">theremin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sintetizzatore" title="Sintetizzatore">sintetizzatore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tastiera_elettronica" title="Tastiera elettronica">tastiera elettronica</a>.</li></ul> <p>Al giorno d'oggi le orchestre sono dirette da un <a href="/wiki/Direttore_d%27orchestra" title="Direttore d'orchestra">direttore d'orchestra</a> ma in passato, e anche nelle piccole orchestre, spesso il direttore era semplicemente il primo violino, o comunque un musicista impegnato anche nell'esecuzione. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diagram_Modern_symphony_orchestra-it.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Diagram_Modern_symphony_orchestra-it.svg/220px-Diagram_Modern_symphony_orchestra-it.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Diagram_Modern_symphony_orchestra-it.svg/330px-Diagram_Modern_symphony_orchestra-it.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Diagram_Modern_symphony_orchestra-it.svg/440px-Diagram_Modern_symphony_orchestra-it.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>disposizione <i>americana</i> dell'orchestra sinfonica</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Disposizione">Disposizione</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Disposizione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Disposizione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La disposizione più diffusa è quella cosiddetta "americana", illustrata in figura ovvero: i violini, le viole e i violoncelli sono disposti a cerchio, i contrabbassi si trovano dietro ai violoncello; in mezzo troviamo i legni con dietro gli idiofoni, membranofoni e ottoni. È ancora in uso, specialmente per esecuzioni storiche, la disposizione "tedesca". La differenza è che in quest'ultima i primi e secondi violini siedono di fronte, i contrabbassi dietro ai primi violini, le viole accanto ai secondi violini e i violoncelli al centro <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'orchestra moderna ha avuto il suo sviluppo nel <a href="/wiki/XVII_secolo" title="XVII secolo">XVII</a> e <a href="/wiki/XVIII_secolo" title="XVIII secolo">XVIII secolo</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Monteverdi" title="Claudio Monteverdi">Claudio Monteverdi</a> per la sua opera <i>Orfeo</i> del <a href="/wiki/1607" title="1607">1607</a> utilizzò un'orchestra formata da <a href="/wiki/Strumenti_ad_arco" title="Strumenti ad arco">archi</a>, trombe, cornetti, arpa, <a href="/wiki/Fagotto" title="Fagotto">fagotto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clavicembalo" title="Clavicembalo">clavicembalo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organo_(strumento_musicale)" title="Organo (strumento musicale)">organo</a> con funzione di <a href="/wiki/Basso_continuo" title="Basso continuo">basso continuo</a>.<br /> Nel 1637 <a href="/wiki/Marin_Mersenne" title="Marin Mersenne">Marin Mersenne</a> nel suo <i>Traité d'harmonie universelle</i> riporta l'organico dell'orchestra d'archi, conosciuta come <i>Les 24 Violons du Roy</i>, attiva presso la corte di <a href="/wiki/Luigi_XIII_di_Francia" title="Luigi XIII di Francia">Luigi XIII di Francia</a>: </p> <ul><li>6 <i>Dessus</i></li> <li>4 <i>Haute-Contre</i> ovvero <i>Haute-Contre Taille</i></li> <li>4 <i>Taille</i></li> <li>4 <i>Quinte</i> ovvero <i>Cinquiesme</i></li> <li>6 <i>Basse</i></li></ul> <p>In questo organico è rappresentata la famiglia completa degli archi nella forma in cui era utilizzata nella Francia del XVII secolo. I <i>dessus</i> erano violini, mentre con <i>haute-contre</i>, <i>taille</i> e <i>quinte</i> si indicavano tre taglie diverse di viole, tutte però accordate come la <a href="/wiki/Viola_(strumento_musicale)" title="Viola (strumento musicale)">viola</a> attuale; più grandi erano gli strumenti, più gravi erano le parti che vi si eseguiva. Infine, vi erano i <i>basse de viola</i>, corrispondenti al nostro <a href="/wiki/Violoncello" title="Violoncello">violoncello</a>, ma accordati un tono sotto.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A questo organico si affiancavano strumenti destinati alla realizzazione del <a href="/wiki/Basso_continuo" title="Basso continuo">basso continuo</a>: <a href="/wiki/Clavicembalo" title="Clavicembalo">clavicembalo</a> o <a href="/wiki/Organo_(strumento_musicale)" title="Organo (strumento musicale)">organo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiorba" title="Tiorba">tiorba</a> o <a href="/wiki/Arciliuto" title="Arciliuto">arciliuto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arpa" title="Arpa">arpa</a>, ecc. Nelle altre nazioni, il gruppo di archi era completato da un <a href="/wiki/Violone" title="Violone">violone</a> o <a href="/wiki/Contrabbasso" title="Contrabbasso">contrabbasso</a> che eseguiva la stessa parte dei violoncelli un'ottava più in basso. A questi si affiancavano saltuariamente (e praticamente mai tutti insieme) <a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flauto_dolce" title="Flauto dolce">flauti dritti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flauto_traverso" title="Flauto traverso">flauti traversi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fagotto" title="Fagotto">fagotti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tromba" title="Tromba">trombe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">tromboni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corno_(strumento_musicale)" title="Corno (strumento musicale)">corni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timpano_(strumento_musicale)" title="Timpano (strumento musicale)">timpani</a>. Il <a href="/wiki/Clarinetto" title="Clarinetto">clarinetto</a>, da poco inventato, fece l'ingresso in orchestra verso la metà dello stesso secolo, e in casi particolari vennero aggiunte altre percussioni (ad esempio, la cosiddetta "musica <a href="/wiki/Alla_turca" title="Alla turca">alla turca</a>": <a href="/wiki/Triangolo_(strumento_musicale)" title="Triangolo (strumento musicale)">triangolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grancassa" title="Grancassa">grancassa</a> e <a href="/wiki/Piatti_orchestrali" title="Piatti orchestrali">piatti</a>). I <a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">tromboni</a>, che erano già usati da molto tempo nella <a href="/wiki/Musica_sacra" title="Musica sacra">musica sacra</a> si aggiunsero solo alla fine del <a href="/wiki/XVIII_secolo" title="XVIII secolo">settecento</a> nell'orchestra operistica. All'inizio del <a href="/wiki/XIX_secolo" title="XIX secolo">XIX secolo</a> si cominciò a strutturare definitivamente l'orchestra sinfonica con l'aggiunta di altre <a href="/wiki/Strumento_a_percussione" title="Strumento a percussione">percussioni</a> e della <a href="/wiki/Tuba_(strumento_musicale)" title="Tuba (strumento musicale)">tuba</a>. </p><p>Nel corso del secolo il numero dei musicisti in orchestra continuò a crescere fino alle dimensioni e alla composizione attuale. Spesso l'orchestra viene designata attraverso il numero di <a href="/wiki/Aerofoni" title="Aerofoni">fiati</a> della stessa famiglia che vengono utilizzati. Ad esempio, un'<i>orchestra a 2</i> prevede coppie di <a href="/wiki/Flauto_traverso" title="Flauto traverso">flauti</a>, di <a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboi</a>, di <a href="/wiki/Clarinetto" title="Clarinetto">clarinetti</a>, ecc. mentre un'<i>orchestra a 3</i> vede affiancati ai due flauti anche l'<a href="/wiki/Ottavino" title="Ottavino">ottavino</a>, alla coppia di oboi il <a href="/wiki/Corno_inglese" title="Corno inglese">corno inglese</a>, ecc. Con l'aumentare del numero dei fiati, aumenta conseguentemente il numero di <a href="/wiki/Strumenti_ad_arco" title="Strumenti ad arco">archi</a>. Benché il numero esatto di questi ultimi non venga quasi mai specificato, quando l'orchestra è <i>a 3</i> si tende ad utilizzare il seguente standard, istituito dalla tradizione di esecuzioni di lavori di <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a> e <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>: </p> <ul><li>16 <a href="/wiki/Violino" title="Violino">violini</a> primi</li> <li>14 violini secondi</li> <li>12 <a href="/wiki/Viola_(strumento_musicale)" title="Viola (strumento musicale)">viole</a></li> <li>10 <a href="/wiki/Violoncello" title="Violoncello">violoncelli</a></li> <li>8 <a href="/wiki/Contrabbasso" title="Contrabbasso">contrabbassi</a>.</li></ul> <p>Ultimamente si fa strada l'abitudine di segnare gli strumenti dell'orchestra di un brano attraverso una stringa numerica nella quale sono indicate le famiglie strumentali dei <a href="/wiki/Legni" title="Legni">legni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoni_(musica)" title="Ottoni (musica)">ottoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strumento_a_percussione" title="Strumento a percussione">percussioni</a>, strumenti polifonici e <a href="/wiki/Strumenti_ad_arco" title="Strumenti ad arco">archi</a>, separate tra loro da barre oblique. Per ogni strumento viene poi indicato il numero in orchestra. Ad esempio: </p><p>2222/4230/tmp perc (2)/ar pf/ archi </p><p>si legge: </p><p>2 <a href="/wiki/Flauto_traverso" title="Flauto traverso">flauti</a>, 2 <a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboi</a>, 2 <a href="/wiki/Clarinetto" title="Clarinetto">clarinetti</a>, 2 <a href="/wiki/Fagotto" title="Fagotto">fagotti</a> / 4 <a href="/wiki/Corno_(strumento_musicale)" title="Corno (strumento musicale)">corni</a>, 2 <a href="/wiki/Tromba" title="Tromba">trombe</a>, 3 <a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">tromboni</a>, nessuna <a href="/wiki/Tuba_(strumento_musicale)" title="Tuba (strumento musicale)">tuba</a> / <a href="/wiki/Timpano_(strumento_musicale)" title="Timpano (strumento musicale)">timpani</a> (con un esecutore addetto) più percussioni generiche suonate da altri 2 esecutori/ <a href="/wiki/Arpa" title="Arpa">arpa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pianoforte" title="Pianoforte">pianoforte</a> / <a href="/wiki/Strumenti_ad_arco" title="Strumenti ad arco">archi</a> (violini I, violini II, viole, violoncelli, contrabbassi) </p><p>Quando si voglia indicare strumenti diversi da questi, li si inserisce nella famiglia appropriata, abbreviandoli.<br /> Ad es: ott 222 clb 2/... si legge <a href="/wiki/Ottavino" title="Ottavino">ottavino</a>, 2 flauti, 2 clarinetti, <a href="/wiki/Clarinetto_basso" title="Clarinetto basso">clarinetto basso</a>, 2 fagotti. Quando lo stesso strumentista è chiamato a suonare due strumenti diversi all'interno della stessa composizione, lo strumento alternativo viene segnato tra parentesi. Ad es: 3(ott)3(cr ing)3(clb)3(cfg), va inteso come 3 flauti (il terzo con l'obbligo dell'ottavino), 3 oboi (il terzo con l'obbligo del <a href="/wiki/Corno_inglese" title="Corno inglese">corno inglese</a>), e così via. Non esiste una lista standard delle abbreviazioni, tanto più che esse variano a seconda del paese di utilizzo. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r133964453">.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-div>div,.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div>div{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-image{flex-basis:52px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div .hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata plainlinks avviso avviso-contenuto"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Niente fonti!"><img alt="Niente fonti!" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/45px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/68px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/90px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce o sezione  sull'argomento orchestre <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">non cita le fonti necessarie</a> o quelle presenti sono insufficienti</b>. <div class="hide-when-compact"> <div class="noprint"><hr />Puoi <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&action=edit">migliorare questa voce</a> aggiungendo citazioni da <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fonti_attendibili" title="Wikipedia:Fonti attendibili">fonti attendibili</a> secondo le <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">linee guida sull'uso delle fonti</a>. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Diamo a titolo puramente esemplificativo l'organico più usuale per diversi tipi di orchestra, tenendo presente che solo nell'Ottocento si avrà una certa standardizzazione degli strumenti mentre nei periodi precedenti le varianti erano la regola. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orchestra_d'archi_o_barocca:_Seicento_e_Settecento"><span id="Orchestra_d.27archi_o_barocca:_Seicento_e_Settecento"></span>Orchestra d'archi o barocca: Seicento e Settecento</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Orchestra d'archi o barocca: Seicento e Settecento" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Orchestra d'archi o barocca: Seicento e Settecento"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2 <a href="/wiki/Flauti" title="Flauti">flauti</a></li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboi</a></li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/Oboe_d%27amore" title="Oboe d'amore">oboi d'amore</a></li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/Oboe_da_caccia" title="Oboe da caccia">oboi da caccia</a></li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/Tromba" title="Tromba">trombe</a></li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/Corno_naturale" title="Corno naturale">corni</a></li> <li>archi (violini I e II, viola)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basso_continuo" title="Basso continuo">basso continuo</a> (strumenti melodici: fagotto, violoncello, contrabbasso; strumenti armonici: <a href="/wiki/Liuto" title="Liuto">liuto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arciliuto" title="Arciliuto">arciliuto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiorba" title="Tiorba">tiorba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clavicembalo" title="Clavicembalo">clavicembalo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organo_(strumento_musicale)" title="Organo (strumento musicale)">organo</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orchestra_da_camera_o_classica:_Settecento_e_Ottocento">Orchestra da camera o classica: Settecento e Ottocento</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Orchestra da camera o classica: Settecento e Ottocento" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Orchestra da camera o classica: Settecento e Ottocento"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2 flauti</li> <li>2 oboi</li> <li>2 clarinetti</li> <li>2 fagotti</li> <li>2 corni</li> <li>2 trombe</li> <li>3 tromboni</li> <li>timpani</li> <li>archi (violino I concertante (o di spalla), che aveva il ruolo di dirigere gli altri strumenti, violini I e II, viole, violoncelli e contrabbassi)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orchestra_sinfonica_o_romantica:_Ottocento_e_Novecento">Orchestra sinfonica o romantica: Ottocento e Novecento</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Orchestra sinfonica o romantica: Ottocento e Novecento" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Orchestra sinfonica o romantica: Ottocento e Novecento"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2 flauti (anche ottavino)</li> <li>2 oboi (anche <a href="/wiki/Corno_inglese" title="Corno inglese">corno inglese</a>)</li> <li>2 clarinetti (anche <a href="/wiki/Clarinetto_basso" title="Clarinetto basso">clarinetto basso</a>)</li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/Fagotto" title="Fagotto">fagotti</a> (anche <a href="/wiki/Controfagotto" title="Controfagotto">controfagotto</a>)</li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/Sassofono" title="Sassofono">sassofoni</a></li> <li>4 corni</li> <li>2 trombe</li> <li>3 tromboni</li> <li>1 <a href="/wiki/Tuba_(strumento_musicale)" title="Tuba (strumento musicale)">tuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timpano_(strumento_musicale)" title="Timpano (strumento musicale)">timpani</a></li> <li>percussioni varie (<a href="/wiki/Grancassa" title="Grancassa">grancassa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rullante" title="Rullante">rullante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piatto_(strumento_musicale)" title="Piatto (strumento musicale)">piatti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triangolo_(strumento_musicale)" title="Triangolo (strumento musicale)">triangolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celesta" title="Celesta">celesta</a>)</li> <li>2 arpe</li> <li>archi (primi e secondi violini, viole, violoncelli e contrabbassi)</li> <li>nasce la figura del direttore d'orchestra</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orchestra_da_film">Orchestra da film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Orchestra da film" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Orchestra da film"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La base è l'orchestra romantica ma spesso i fiati sono "a 3" e con alcune aggiunte: </p> <ul><li>3 flauti (ottavino)</li> <li>3 oboi (corno inglese)</li> <li>3 clarinetti (clarinetto basso)</li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/Sassofono" title="Sassofono">sassofoni</a></li> <li>3 fagotti (<a href="/wiki/Controfagotto" title="Controfagotto">controfagotto</a>)</li> <li>4 <a href="/wiki/Corno_(strumento_musicale)" title="Corno (strumento musicale)">corni</a></li> <li>3 trombe</li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">tromboni</a> tenori</li> <li>1 <a href="/wiki/Trombone_basso" class="mw-redirect" title="Trombone basso">trombone basso</a></li> <li>1 tuba</li> <li>timpani</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strumento_a_percussione" title="Strumento a percussione">percussioni</a> generiche (compresi <a href="/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba">marimba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xilofono" title="Xilofono">xilofono</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glockenspiel" title="Glockenspiel">glockenspiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vibrafono" title="Vibrafono">vibrafono</a> e <a href="/wiki/Celesta" title="Celesta">celesta</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elettrofoni" title="Elettrofoni">strumenti elettronici o elettrificati</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tastiera_elettronica" title="Tastiera elettronica">tastiere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onde_Martenot" title="Onde Martenot">Onde Martenot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theremin" title="Theremin">theremin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chitarra_elettrica" title="Chitarra elettrica">chitarre elettriche</a>)</li> <li>arpa</li> <li>pianoforte</li> <li>archi</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160220091829/http://old.hfm-detmold.de/eti/projekte/seminare/aufstellungen/aufstellungen.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Vergleich verschiedener Orchesteraufstellungen - Hochschule Detmold</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">old.hfm-detmold.de</span>. <small>URL consultato il 14 dicembre 2015</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://old.hfm-detmold.de/eti/projekte/seminare/aufstellungen/aufstellungen.htm">url originale</abbr> il 20 febbraio 2016)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Enciclopedia Treccani, voce "Orchestra"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111128182937/http://www.arte.tv/fr/Echappees-culturelles/Lully-au-chateau-de-Versailles/2258038,CmC=2256932.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Les violons disparus</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">arte.tv</span>. <small>URL consultato il 24 marzo 2011</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="https://www.arte.tv/fr/Echappees-culturelles/Lully-au-chateau-de-Versailles/2258038,CmC=2256932.html">url originale</abbr> il 28 novembre 2011)</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Sorce_Keller" title="Marcello Sorce Keller">Marcello Sorce Keller</a>, <i>L'orchestra come metafora: riflessioni (anche un po' divaganti) a partire da Gino Bartali</i>, <i>Musica/Realtà</i>, luglio 2010, no. 92, pp. 67-88.</li> <li>Adriano Bassi, <i>La musica e il gesto: storia dell'orchestra e la figura del direttore</i>. Mariotti, 2000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Hector Berlioz</a>, <i>Grand traité d'instrumentation et d'orchestration modernes</i>, Parigi-Bruxelles, Lemoine, 1843</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Casella" title="Alfredo Casella">Alfredo Casella</a> e <a href="/wiki/Virgilio_Mortari" title="Virgilio Mortari">Virgilio Mortari</a>, <i>La tecnica dell'orchestra contemporanea</i>, 1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov">Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov</a>, <i>Основы оркестровки</i> (<i>Principles of Orchestration</i>), 1912</li> <li>Malte Korff (a cura di), <i>Konzertbuch Orchestermusik 1650–1800</i>, Breitkopf und Härtel, Wiesbaden 1991, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/3765102814" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-7651-0281-4</a></li> <li>Henry Raynor, <i>The Orchestra: a history</i>, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1978, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0684155354" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-684-15535-4</a></li> <li>John Sptizer e Neil Zaslaw, <i>The Birth of the Orchestra: History of an Institution, 1650-1815</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 2004, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0198164343" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-816434-3</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orchestrazione" title="Orchestrazione">Orchestrazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestra_jazz" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchestra jazz">Orchestra jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_musicale" title="Banda musicale">Banda musicale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direttore_d%27orchestra" title="Direttore d'orchestra">Direttore d'orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gruppo_musicale" title="Gruppo musicale">Gruppo musicale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strumento_musicale" title="Strumento musicale">Strumento musicale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicista" title="Musicista">Musicista</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Orchestra" class="extiw" title="q:Orchestra">Wikiquote</a></li> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/orchestra" class="extiw" title="wikt:orchestra">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Orchestras"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Orchestras?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiquote"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a> contiene citazioni sull'<b><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Orchestra" class="extiw" title="q:Orchestra">orchestra</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/orchestra" class="extiw" title="wikt:orchestra">orchestra</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file sull'<b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Orchestras?uselang=it">orchestra</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/orchestra"><span style="font-style:italic;">orchestra</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42998#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEnciclopedia_Italiana" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Alfredo Casella, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/orchestra_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">ORCHESTRA</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Enciclopedia Italiana</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 1935.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42998#P4223" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFVocabolario_Treccani" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/orchestra"><span style="font-style:italic;">orchèstra</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Vocabolario_Treccani" title="Vocabolario Treccani">Vocabolario Treccani</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42998#P5844" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/orchestra-music"><span style="font-style:italic;">orchestra</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42998#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Nuovo_soggettario" title="Nuovo soggettario">Thesaurus BNCF</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=14590">14590</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85095325">sh85095325</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4172708-3">4172708-3</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122886690">cb122886690</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122886690">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007550831705171">987007550831705171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Dieta_nazionale_del_Giappone" title="Biblioteca della Dieta nazionale del Giappone">NDL</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00564873">00564873</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Harp2_ganson.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Musica classica"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Harp2_ganson.svg/17px-Harp2_ganson.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Harp2_ganson.svg/26px-Harp2_ganson.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Harp2_ganson.svg/34px-Harp2_ganson.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="723" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Musica_classica" title="Portale:Musica classica">Portale Musica classica</a></b>: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di musica classica</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&oldid=143706765">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orchestra&oldid=143706765</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Orchestre" title="Categoria:Orchestre">Orchestre</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie nascoste: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Senza_fonti_-_orchestre" title="Categoria:Senza fonti - orchestre">Senza fonti - orchestre</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Senza_fonti_-_settembre_2016" title="Categoria:Senza fonti - settembre 2016">Senza fonti - settembre 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P3365_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P3365 letta da Wikidata">P3365 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P4223_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P4223 letta da Wikidata">P4223 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P5844_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P5844 letta da Wikidata">P5844 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P1417_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P1417 letta da Wikidata">P1417 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_Thesaurus_BNCF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice Thesaurus BNCF">Voci con codice Thesaurus BNCF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_LCCN" title="Categoria:Voci con codice LCCN">Voci con codice LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_GND" title="Categoria:Voci con codice GND">Voci con codice GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_BNF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice BNF">Voci con codice BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_J9U" title="Categoria:Voci con codice J9U">Voci con codice J9U</a></li><li><a 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