CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html id="structuredContentTemplate_1-0" class="comp structuredContentTemplate article-html html mntl-html no-js taxlevel-4" data-ab="99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,55,99,99,99,77,99" data-mm-ads-resource-version="2.1.31" data-reference-resource-version="5.9.0" data-mm-video-resource-version="2.1.6" data-mantle-resource-version="4.1.94" lang="en" data-tracking-container="true" data-resource-version="5.9.0" data-ddm-standard-tracking="true"> <head class="loc head"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//js-sec.indexww.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//c.amazon-adsystem.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net"> <link rel="dnsprefetch" href="//www.google-analytics.com"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large, NOODP, NOYDIR" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/who-were-the-roman-consuls-120821" /> <title>Who Were the Roman Consuls and How Did They Rule Rome?</title> <meta name="description" content="Learn about the ancient Roman political prize known as the position of consul and how it was used to unify a nation." itemprop="description"> <meta name="emailcontenttype" content="STRUCTUREDCONTENT" /> <meta name="emailvertical" content="THOUGHTCO" /> <meta name="sailthru.author" content="N.S. Gill" /> <meta name="sailthru.tags" content="humanities,history-and-culture,ancient-history,ancient-roman-history" /> <meta name="parsely-section" content="Humanities" /> <meta name="parsely-tags" content="ThoughtCo,Humanities,History & Culture,Ancient History and Culture,Rome" />  <meta itemprop="name" content="Who the Roman Consuls Were and How They Ruled Rome" /> <meta property="article:section" content="ThoughtCo" />  <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="ThoughtCo" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.thoughtco.com/who-were-the-roman-consuls-120821" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Who Were the Roman Consuls and How Did They Rule Rome?" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Learn about the ancient Roman political prize known as the position of consul and how it was used to unify a nation." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ZB3EnwOFKpPza-UHigyOov8jQU8=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/consul-57be32cf5f9b5855e5a4bcbc" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://www.facebook.com/thoughtcodotcom/" />  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@thoughtcocom" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Who Were the Roman Consuls and How Did They Rule Rome?" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Learn about the ancient Roman political prize known as the position of consul and how it was used to unify a nation." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ZB3EnwOFKpPza-UHigyOov8jQU8=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/consul-57be32cf5f9b5855e5a4bcbc" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://feeds-api.dotdashmeredith.com/v1/rss/google/e5bf8ae1-a904-434a-842c-3487c2b4e7c2"> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" data-glb-css="top" href="/static/5.9.0/cache/eNqtV1224yAI3tB4soh5nU0QJYm3_nSU9N7ufojaNmmtSc-ZlwaQDxARaRcJSMvOgiODnYyxWyT4q3td0BZGFGcDEidvFIaaksWglQbXaafw566RlkC7F4i3Z-_QUexO7PYn_z5gz8sBBwzoJIqtovVqNhjXgADaiItW6JP3RLX0e4glAVKAirUYWNytl1438a3ViPx1nvSgJWt5J3pwDkPOIRbugI0J9TjR7wnciH90JFyM1IS1UEfjezCsDiqhQNX1HFz0mMLs4kmfhdHu9KBqiMEHy_YXx2BERAhyemJ3HOVoBEtW5A5mmI2JMiC6hNuyO9g-sBcZZtvHNb0pzmW3vOVIjYNJFyBpj3rY8Sm9I5CUgl3R76rKpDz0HoI6VKODwR_dG-RKbemvzOZdVtzU4_-abSmGO9XITKm2wXviasufRlXW9V7NrovTS831ldK53NE7u1fUD1wF03SZw8vldic_gi5ZixvmGFx5UhAnMTt9wRBL_FVpwyAElpe2XOhq-RU1bq2ioWaR23p3DnwJwlXkq7DhWnWYmq_4-ubH48qp6IMH1W3Z9z4zOOveQce9VSCt3O81i_d5Ll9Reu6WbWW-AdRufOZbls4-UjEjSrn3xsvT24UDz1BRjxOE8sSzplhLaxFV0XugfibyLiYvXFuORJY0oowUZklzQCWWNsuy0qa3NXk86xYJNkzDeX_lS4053kK3PN7UP1CFmSYfBHlvSJ9bRUgUNGdLL_lbMUIT2gOnXDx0BzxtQsrdpR5lI-m3s6ocX55Bn8X_12ivjUmvoIgMPV1Fe6qrGJzImvTzGYyAH-3u0cET_8neyjff3lx5uzain4PEKMBxIJpuD-OrsHWRbzoiC5755iS-jKximcdTvA-2BYp_51vDKWeUJUcxu8qOFy5ZOZPNxsqvYx5a7tS7Ue7xF8XP1PM2XUXUqBoL0Tt-VJdhdMM0MDINePzzD1XHVCQ.min.css"></link> <style type="text/css"> </style> <script type="text/javascript" data-glb-js="top" src="/static/5.9.0/cache/eNqNU21ugzAMvdAyzrBJ035NmiYuYBIDLiFBtsPUnn4BVS10aTeJoDjv-SvPqURByVYjBPVY2ThOMWBQqTwcY9LqIPkztkc7PFV78mEhnY5CJ8yMGFrqbilny1MjezoFRRa0SjGU4kZw6AqAjXEglAKSlDxpGWuDeQS7OD7ElcEOFLqHpBmDi1xpz1HzUYEx5o1pGGGYYu7_GiRjjC0yBov3c2y0scLt-itkmVIjqbkC0SWP6-1_1a_LugetXebN24zb4jb1w7HBkje4s_wGJtpbZfoHKpOVesmIXOSkdTRM62PkW7Pk8P5ZL6sEKXCHuugn0KIn0RJLrAFXDM2YbyRhfZ6CC2UjSPZcmN2kJUWgQzMTfj9QtNNxHW9PdjB6m2lXTMsoPTQeX5z89d7kOYUZyff52fzubZOfqevVMJBfk1ys__tQljyQorkem1xV7p1_ADMMqCs.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.Mntl = window.Mntl || {}; window.Mntl.csrf = window.Mntl.csrf || window.Mntl.csrfInit('4a907328b6fde6b847a8209ecee1e9c4', false);window.Mntl = window.Mntl || {}; Mntl.RTB = Mntl.RTB || {}; Mntl.RTB.setUseConsentManagement(false); Mntl.RTB.setIpAddress('8.222.208.146') Mntl.RTB.setUseLiveIntentSignedInUser(true); Mntl.RTB.setUseGDPREnforcement(false); Mntl.RTB.setUseCommerceAndShoppingAPSTag(false); Mntl.RTB.setUseAmazonNcaHookTest(false); Mntl.RTB.setTaxonomyStampValues({"tax1":"tho_humanities","tax2":"tho_history-and-culture","tax0":"tho_root","tax3":"tho_ancient-history","tax4":"tho_ancient-roman-history"}); Mntl.RTB.setPrebidBidResponseTimeout(950); Mntl.RTB.setPrebidUserIdAuctionDelay(500); Mntl.RTB.setRtbLibraryLoadTimeout(750); Mntl.RTB.setAmazonTamBidResponseTimeout(1000); Mntl.RTB.Plugins.amazon.amazonConfigs = {"mapTaxValues":{"tax1":"tho_humanities","tax2":"tho_history-and-culture","si_section":"tho_history-and-culture","tax0":"tho_root","tax3":"tho_ancient-history"},"amazonSlotName":false,"mapFBValues":{"billboard2":"287662961980198_287667961979698","billboard6":"287662961980198_287667961979698","adunitid":"mapFBID","billboard5":"287662961980198_287667961979698","billboard4":"287662961980198_287667961979698","billboard3":"287662961980198_287667961979698","leaderboard2":"287662961980198_287667635313064","billboard7":"287662961980198_287667961979698","video":"287662961980198_287667961979698","billboard":"287662961980198_287667961979698","leaderboardac":"287662961980198_287667961979698","leaderboard":"287662961980198_287668258646335","default":"287662961980198_287667961979698","leaderboardfooter2":"287662961980198_287667961979698","native":"287662961980198_287667961979698","leaderboardfooter":"287662961980198_287667635313064"},"amazonSection":"Ancient History and Culture"}; Mntl.RTB.Plugins.prebid.setPriceGranularity({"buckets":[{"max":"20","increment":"0.05"},{"max":"70","increment":"1"}]}); Mntl.RTB.initVideoBidders([{ type: 'amazon', id: '3222' }, { type: 'prebid', id: 'true' } ]); Mntl.RTB.initDisplayAndOutstreamBidders([{ type: "amazon", id: '3222'},{ type: "msg", id: 'true'},{ type: "prebid", id: 'true'},{ type: "liveConnect", id: 'b-01jb'}]); Mntl.RTB.Plugins.prebid.setConfig({"square-fixed\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442664,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482890,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"publisherId":"158139","adSlot":"4515221","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_square-fixed_300x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net","unit":"561324010","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830375","type":"display"}}],"leaderboard-fixed\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442654,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482885,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"publisherId":"158139","adSlot":"4515375","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_leaderboard-fixed_728x90_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net","unit":"561324000","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830371","type":"display"}}],"square-fixed-replies\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":3601290,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":34330401,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"publisherId":"158139","adSlot":"6389437","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"thoughtco_square-fixed-replies_300x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net","unit":"561381983","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1146794","type":"display"}}],"preroll":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"type":"instream","supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"type":"instream","zoneId":2442674,"accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"type":"instream","placementId":25482895}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"type":"instream","publisherId":"158139","adSlot":"4515226"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"type":"instream","inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_preroll_pbc2s"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"type":"instream","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net","unit":"561365587"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"type":"instream","siteId":"830386"}}],"square-flex\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442672,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482894,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"publisherId":"158139","adSlot":"4515225","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_square-flex_300x600_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net","unit":"561324012","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830381","type":"display"}}],"square-fixed-comments\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":3546588,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":34080851,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"publisherId":"158139","adSlot":"6234514","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"thoughtco_square-fixed-comments_300x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net","unit":"561324013","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1137158","type":"display"}}],"global":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":7499,"siteId":426884,"type":"display"}}],"native\/tier1":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":3700118,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}}],"leaderboardac\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442662,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482889,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"publisherId":"158139","adSlot":"6405120","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_leaderboardac_728x90_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net","unit":"561324006","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830377","type":"display"}}],"leaderboardfooter-flex\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442654,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482885,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"publisherId":"158139","adSlot":"4632121","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_leaderboardfooter-flex_970x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net","unit":"561324008","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830371","type":"display"}}],"leaderboard-flex\/tier1":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442662,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482889,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"publisherId":"158139","adSlot":"4515220","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_leaderboard-flex_970x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net","unit":"561324003","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830377","type":"display"}}]}); Mntl.RTB.Plugins.prebid.setSrc('/cache/eNqlllGP0zAMgP8Q08RJ_IABu9NJTBy3wXuauD3fUjtynG3l1-PtEOKBh7o8NY382Y7t2FlXDYpxPXJqGeq6a5Su39e6LgIdJlskrPr7bxVZ4N16LhRy5vMmKp5QEaoD1LqhkCcTrpsUioLMhyMTQdTHtJ-qwugCK5DuAoUBRlsdYu-gBRXYbzVB14YBaXAgfdmkPcgJ5Acm4PnkAASCcXlwMdRnTU_CJzPs4dIHf2jMBCnq9AXp6KcznuCR1FT42RJCwXuWh6JOyCOOssCz299b8j9iciewWPrhPjOL4z6Kpt1NZj5SX4JA8p9PY_-JSYXzfKZhuvNbaoQ9LnGxVbDEObpZKQSXVpekCy-Lkty68Sq5hJXWoXXCJahqWoQJlgwZe11CcwFaFKT40ujonGhRwARPsBIg638gK9suOUyOalg-2MbyH8PMMSSKflfM1TWQnETFn-BE7Ja_32LyEXc-4u-Z4Yh1E6uHODkPdIZw3Kur_li0s_Zovd_XD7q6vdipKlpVOC4mjsBNvzVoHh-7V3t-PbQgjhAmHgPSVzuY2NQ_8DOzfr7tzddxhOnM4kn3rQX4G7kzzzEoDCzTQQLVbAzTzlS5nnx6ZXuW8SlIGL0eXCfWfqLodfztJW3-PlLveGU2yf-29Edye4HYrop_ASAWykI.js'); Mntl.RTB.Plugins.prebid.setUserIdConfig({"liveIntentPublisherId":"79925"}); window.MMads = window.MMads || {}; MMads.adConfigAPI = MMads.adConfigAPI || {}; // prebidConfig MMads.adConfigAPI.AdConfigs = MMads.adConfigAPI.AdConfigs || {}; MMads.adConfigAPI.AdConfigs.rawConfig = {"slots":{"square-fixed\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442664,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482890,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"publisherId":"158139","adSlot":"4515221","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_square-fixed_300x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net","unit":"561324010","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830375","type":"display"}}]},"native\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":3700118,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}}]},"square-flex\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442672,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482894,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"publisherId":"158139","adSlot":"4515225","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_square-flex_300x600_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net","unit":"561324012","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830381","type":"display"}}]},"preroll":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"type":"instream","supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"type":"instream","zoneId":2442674,"accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"type":"instream","placementId":25482895}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"type":"instream","publisherId":"158139","adSlot":"4515226"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"type":"instream","inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_preroll_pbc2s"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"type":"instream","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net","unit":"561365587"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"type":"instream","siteId":"830386"}}]},"square-fixed-replies\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":3601290,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":34330401,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"publisherId":"158139","adSlot":"6389437","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"thoughtco_square-fixed-replies_300x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net","unit":"561381983","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1146794","type":"display"}}]},"leaderboard-fixed\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442654,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482885,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"publisherId":"158139","adSlot":"4515375","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_leaderboard-fixed_728x90_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net","unit":"561324000","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830371","type":"display"}}]},"leaderboard-flex\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442662,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482889,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"publisherId":"158139","adSlot":"4515220","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_leaderboard-flex_970x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net","unit":"561324003","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830377","type":"display"}}]},"leaderboardfooter-flex\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442654,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482885,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"publisherId":"158139","adSlot":"4632121","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_leaderboardfooter-flex_970x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net","unit":"561324008","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830371","type":"display"}}]},"square-fixed-comments\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":3546588,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":34080851,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"publisherId":"158139","adSlot":"6234514","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"thoughtco_square-fixed-comments_300x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net","unit":"561324013","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1137158","type":"display"}}]},"leaderboardac\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442662,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426884}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482889,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"publisherId":"158139","adSlot":"6405120","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"ThoughtCo_leaderboardac_728x90_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net","unit":"561324006","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830377","type":"display"}}]}},"default":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":7499,"siteId":426884,"type":"display"}}],"prebidModules":["prebid-core.js","allowActivities.js","atsAnalyticsAdapter.js","connectIdSystem.js","consentManagementTcf.js","criteoIdSystem.js","debugging.js","dfpAdServerVideo.js","genericAnalyticsAdapter.js","iasRtdProvider.js","id5IdSystem.js","identityLinkIdSystem.js","liveIntentIdSystem.js","paapiForGpt.js","paapi.js","pairIdSystem.js","prebidServerBidAdapter.js","priceFloors.js","rtdModule.js","sharedIdSystem.js","tcfControl.js","uid2IdSystem.js","unifiedIdSystem.js","userId.js","appnexusBidAdapter.js","ixBidAdapter.js","pubmaticBidAdapter.js","rubiconBidAdapter.js","ttdBidAdapter.js","tripleliftBidAdapter.js","openxBidAdapter.js"],"refresh":{"timedRefresh":0,"timeoutRefreshOnceOnly":false,"fiftyPercentAdRefresh":true}},"ab":[]}; console.log('✅ Libra is loaded!'); window.MMads = window.MMads || {}; MMads.adConfigAPI = MMads.adConfigAPI || {}; // prebidConfig window.MMads = window.MMads || {}; MMads.auctionFloors = MMads.auctionFloors || {}; window.MMads.auctionFloors.setFloorConfig({"billboard2":{"id":"1552493e0f0844c9aa10ef73ad78a9e4","floor":"5"},"other":{"id":"ade0de584a2a422f99e934cd54b87d52","floor":"50"},"billboard6":{"id":"d9f82edf28e44244a1bb7117f42ac476","floor":"5"},"billboard5":{"id":"b340b93231954f2689e7025e2c0b4d18","floor":"5"},"billboard4":{"id":"7ad9ab485fa5443fa94ccc9bdca0a54c","floor":"5"},"billboard3":{"id":"f3f09dd3fe0147ca8227ab5458eebddb","floor":"5"},"billboard9":{"id":"488a3fee6fac46538f5e3ae6e51fe20e","floor":"5"},"billboard8":{"id":"f026d0eec2024513afe5b28e3319ac0f","floor":"5"},"billboardfooter2":{"id":"311073fb68e74727993cb054fe4430ac","floor":"50"},"broadmatch":{"id":"1bf596551eb9405a8d491ce078883cd4","floor":"5"},"billboard7":{"id":"8c88c6ba9f90426e800eff9dd8d0da96","floor":"5"},"leaderboardac":{"id":"1d2472433a85494c9501b140d9a1ad07","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed":{"id":"449b24392f4b4c3a8285e203a64b2e6b","floor":"50"},"billboardfooter":{"id":"bd907afd733c48f185f70915ac74154a","floor":"20"},"leaderboardfooter2":{"id":"b4e76d3c1cf74c1ca3f12ec305e5d477","floor":"20"},"leaderboard-flex-1":{"id":"6330c0d82bd34adda20418fdc163d9a1","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-flex-2":{"id":"69272dabe35b4230a13938af298f75ff","floor":"5"},"square-flex-2":{"id":"c13704bf38e94252aa37db34edaddc9d","floor":"5"},"square-flex-1":{"id":"6fc33fe17f4747dfb36dfebf395636da","floor":"5"},"adhesive":{"id":"64de72640b214667bb8b9619b8b6a19d","floor":"25"},"square-fixed-4":{"id":"d52b7b6757414cb6a7d9885ff4c77b5d","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-3":{"id":"b57dc2458de54ebfac6f1f50477c6b45","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-2":{"id":"37febc1e4b1d446eab0c4fc4c075b0fd","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed-1":{"id":"18efe8595dde4c02997da03ea354f7c0","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-1":{"id":"f35a56c653844a519beacc6324430144","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-8":{"id":"4854e3a5e1df46d6bfd2d35901766c07","floor":"5"},"mob-square-fixed-8":{"id":"f5dd53128a5f45f79b6c0e10ef184775","floor":"20"},"mob-square-flex-1":{"id":"21369d2b78ed46adb737cd0a1807ac5c","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-7":{"id":"e6ab8ef52f3d4e8b8ac868affa8e50d3","floor":"5"},"mob-square-fixed-9":{"id":"bb244a8f3dcd4ce9a6dc10f703ec49b3","floor":"50"},"square-fixed-6":{"id":"2aac544603f648878aa881568d11cc09","floor":"5"},"leaderboardfooter-flex-2":{"id":"7c365e41079a42aaa31927e67c8da8e0","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed-5":{"id":"06053e86f93941bda0b0f63ff74c4a36","floor":"20"},"square-fixed-5":{"id":"51cfda109b8746e9beef6c4e88481ac7","floor":"5"},"leaderboardfooter-flex-1":{"id":"0b11b76e67e74a2ebd92efb163f4194b","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed-6":{"id":"814d9f6ea0a04d429c95152f1c83c42a","floor":"20"},"billboard":{"id":"c27504ff7166457ea12d0f4358d106ed","floor":"5"},"mob-square-fixed-1":{"id":"fd801e654fa44f5bbd341c9d9053cfdf","floor":"5"},"mob-square-fixed-2":{"id":"3e78f020556a47ba8c8fb5871b44e7f3","floor":"5"},"leaderboard":{"id":"08c6a6a889904e2781ba965da042d811","floor":"80"},"inline":{"id":"3d5b9b5843474c8c828a468e59265d37","floor":"5"},"square-fixed":{"id":"bab3683523e2411e99eb6ab43b2474af","floor":"5"},"leaderboardfooter":{"id":"0f753592739c47d1b45d66d7c441209b","floor":"20"},"dynamic-inline":{"id":"1fcee3f5892e4e1f8fd090836c51ed8e","floor":"50"},"square-fixed-9":{"id":"c85a0c059c444f8da27205fb620c12e5","floor":"5"},"mob-adhesive-banner-fixed":{"id":"1ae057445ee0474780904de1986d2af8","floor":"5"},"billboard11":{"id":"ae958d6ef4c24b51844f346b2417e7d7","floor":"5"},"primary":{"id":"ee7cd89f77d449f09425cff055e3b796","floor":"5"}}); (function(){ const mantleDependencies = { } ; const pageTargeting = { customSeries: '' ,abtest: 'lcid1' ,tax0: 'tho' ,custom: '' ,sweepId: '' ,rid: 'n34e4f2d37c2f49019825fef0175afecc03' ,sid: 'n34e4f2d37c2f49019825fef0175afecc03' } ; const baseSlotTargeting = { gtemplate: 'article' ,leaid: '575' ,revenueGroup: '' ,docId: '120821' ,viewtype: '' ,type: 'article' ,tax1: 'tho_humanities' ,tax2: 'tho_history-and-culture' ,t: '110' ,au: '575' ,tier: 'L' ,jny: '0' ,leuid: '151378030080892' ,sbj: '' ,id: '120821' ,aid: '4ffc52351920e958f982e43a' ,tax3: 'tho_ancient-history' ,jnyroot: '' ,tax4: 'tho_ancient-roman-history' } ; const adLazyOffset = {'mob-square-fixed-intro-1': 750}; pageTargeting.w = Mntl.utilities.getW(); const initialSlots = []; initialSlots.push({ config: { id: 'leaderboard-flex-1', sizes: [[728, 90], [970,90], [970, 250]], type: 'leaderboard', rtb: true, timedRefresh: 0, waitForThirdParty: false }, targeting: Mntl.fnUtilities.deepExtend({}, { pos: 'atf', priority: 1 }) }); initialSlots.push({ config: { id: 'square-flex-1', sizes: [[300, 250],[300, 600],[300, 1050],[160, 600]], type: 'square', rtb: true, timedRefresh: 0, waitForThirdParty: false }, targeting: Mntl.fnUtilities.deepExtend({}, { pos: 'atf', priority: 2 }) }); const testIds = Mntl.GPT.getTestIds(); pageTargeting.ab = testIds; pageTargeting.bts = testIds; Mntl.utilities.onLoad(function() { Mntl.utilities.loadExternalJS({ src: '//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js', async: false }); }); const options = { domain: 'www.thoughtco.com', templateName: 'structuredcontent', isMobile: false, isTablet: false, isDesktop: true, dfpId: '3865', publisherProvidedId: 'bc70be50-b5ec-4310-8ce9-ced28b24711d', singleRequest: false, useLmdFormat: true, useOxygen: true, useInfiniteRightRail: true, loadAdsAboveViewport: false, waitForNextFramePaint: false, revenueGroupAllowList: '', lmdSiteCode: 'hlt', pageTargeting, baseSlotTargeting, adLazyOffset, geo: { isInEurope: false, isInUsa: false }, initialSlots, auctionFloors: {"billboard2":{"id":"1552493e0f0844c9aa10ef73ad78a9e4","floor":"5"},"other":{"id":"ade0de584a2a422f99e934cd54b87d52","floor":"50"},"billboard6":{"id":"d9f82edf28e44244a1bb7117f42ac476","floor":"5"},"billboard5":{"id":"b340b93231954f2689e7025e2c0b4d18","floor":"5"},"billboard4":{"id":"7ad9ab485fa5443fa94ccc9bdca0a54c","floor":"5"},"billboard3":{"id":"f3f09dd3fe0147ca8227ab5458eebddb","floor":"5"},"billboard9":{"id":"488a3fee6fac46538f5e3ae6e51fe20e","floor":"5"},"billboard8":{"id":"f026d0eec2024513afe5b28e3319ac0f","floor":"5"},"billboardfooter2":{"id":"311073fb68e74727993cb054fe4430ac","floor":"50"},"broadmatch":{"id":"1bf596551eb9405a8d491ce078883cd4","floor":"5"},"billboard7":{"id":"8c88c6ba9f90426e800eff9dd8d0da96","floor":"5"},"leaderboardac":{"id":"1d2472433a85494c9501b140d9a1ad07","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed":{"id":"449b24392f4b4c3a8285e203a64b2e6b","floor":"50"},"billboardfooter":{"id":"bd907afd733c48f185f70915ac74154a","floor":"20"},"leaderboardfooter2":{"id":"b4e76d3c1cf74c1ca3f12ec305e5d477","floor":"20"},"leaderboard-flex-1":{"id":"6330c0d82bd34adda20418fdc163d9a1","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-flex-2":{"id":"69272dabe35b4230a13938af298f75ff","floor":"5"},"square-flex-2":{"id":"c13704bf38e94252aa37db34edaddc9d","floor":"5"},"square-flex-1":{"id":"6fc33fe17f4747dfb36dfebf395636da","floor":"5"},"adhesive":{"id":"64de72640b214667bb8b9619b8b6a19d","floor":"25"},"square-fixed-4":{"id":"d52b7b6757414cb6a7d9885ff4c77b5d","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-3":{"id":"b57dc2458de54ebfac6f1f50477c6b45","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-2":{"id":"37febc1e4b1d446eab0c4fc4c075b0fd","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed-1":{"id":"18efe8595dde4c02997da03ea354f7c0","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-1":{"id":"f35a56c653844a519beacc6324430144","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-8":{"id":"4854e3a5e1df46d6bfd2d35901766c07","floor":"5"},"mob-square-fixed-8":{"id":"f5dd53128a5f45f79b6c0e10ef184775","floor":"20"},"mob-square-flex-1":{"id":"21369d2b78ed46adb737cd0a1807ac5c","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-7":{"id":"e6ab8ef52f3d4e8b8ac868affa8e50d3","floor":"5"},"mob-square-fixed-9":{"id":"bb244a8f3dcd4ce9a6dc10f703ec49b3","floor":"50"},"square-fixed-6":{"id":"2aac544603f648878aa881568d11cc09","floor":"5"},"leaderboardfooter-flex-2":{"id":"7c365e41079a42aaa31927e67c8da8e0","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed-5":{"id":"06053e86f93941bda0b0f63ff74c4a36","floor":"20"},"square-fixed-5":{"id":"51cfda109b8746e9beef6c4e88481ac7","floor":"5"},"leaderboardfooter-flex-1":{"id":"0b11b76e67e74a2ebd92efb163f4194b","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed-6":{"id":"814d9f6ea0a04d429c95152f1c83c42a","floor":"20"},"billboard":{"id":"c27504ff7166457ea12d0f4358d106ed","floor":"5"},"mob-square-fixed-1":{"id":"fd801e654fa44f5bbd341c9d9053cfdf","floor":"5"},"mob-square-fixed-2":{"id":"3e78f020556a47ba8c8fb5871b44e7f3","floor":"5"},"leaderboard":{"id":"08c6a6a889904e2781ba965da042d811","floor":"80"},"inline":{"id":"3d5b9b5843474c8c828a468e59265d37","floor":"5"},"square-fixed":{"id":"bab3683523e2411e99eb6ab43b2474af","floor":"5"},"leaderboardfooter":{"id":"0f753592739c47d1b45d66d7c441209b","floor":"20"},"dynamic-inline":{"id":"1fcee3f5892e4e1f8fd090836c51ed8e","floor":"50"},"square-fixed-9":{"id":"c85a0c059c444f8da27205fb620c12e5","floor":"5"},"mob-adhesive-banner-fixed":{"id":"1ae057445ee0474780904de1986d2af8","floor":"5"},"billboard11":{"id":"ae958d6ef4c24b51844f346b2417e7d7","floor":"5"},"primary":{"id":"ee7cd89f77d449f09425cff055e3b796","floor":"5"}}, utils: { generateSlotId: Ref.GPT.generateSlotId, buildGptUrl: Ref.GPT.buildGptUrl }, displayOnScroll: false, displayOnConsent: true, adsToCollapse: ['leaderboard*','square*'], refreshConfig: { 'defaultConfig': { timedRefresh: 0, userClickRefreshSelector: "", timeoutRefreshOnceOnly: false, fiftyPercentAdRefresh: true, sizeOverrides: null } } }; if (Mntl.AdMetrics) { Mntl.AdMetrics.init("120821", "n34e4f2d37c2f49019825fef0175afecc03", initialSlots.map(slot => slot.config.id), Date.now(), "0.1"); } else { Mntl.AdMetrics = { pushMetrics: () => {} }; } Mntl.GPT.setMantleDependencies(mantleDependencies); Mntl.GPT.init(options); }());window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; // moved from gtm.ftl so we can initialize GTM only onLoad. From https://support.google.com/tagmanager/answer/6103696?hl=en Mntl.utilities.onLoad(function() { (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;defer=true;j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;j.type="text/javascript";f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f)})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5P3SZGS'); }); window.dataLayer.push({ event: 'ab-proctor', 'abTests-proctor': { "99-0" : "useOxygen | useOxygen | use the Oxygenated ad unit format and slot names | 1" , "99-1" : "vanillaJSLazyAdRecipeSC | active | vanillaLazyAd.js enabled | 1" , "99-2" : "useFloorSearch | active | Use Floor Search | 1" , "99-3" : "continuousScrollMobSquareFlexOffset | active | Adds offset to mob-square-fixed-1 ad on CS articles | 1" , "99-4" : "recipescDesktopAdRefresh | active | active, right rail ads timed refresh active | 1" , "99-5" : "gamVideoUsePlcmt | active | Pass plcmt | 1" , "99-6" : "liveIntentConnectedIdTest | control | LiveIntent ConnectedID is enabled | 0" , "99-7" : "prebidConfigApi | active | Ad Config API is enabled | 1" , "99-8" : "prebidTotalTimeoutBudget | default | default | 1" , "99-9" : "useDynamicVideoSizes | active | active | 1" , "99-10" : "rtbTracking | newevents | | 2" , "99-11" : "orion | active | Active | 1" , "99-12" : "rtbLibraryLoadTimeout | default | default | 1" , "99-13" : "prebidVideoUsePlcmt | active | Pass plcmt | 1" , "99-14" : "useLiveIntentSignedInUser | active | active | 1" , "55" : "relatedArticlesAlgorithm | useRecommendationService | Enables usage of proximity API | 1" , "99-16" : "removeAdTiers | active | active | 1" , "99-17" : "useLiveRamp | active | active | 1" , "99-18" : "amazonTamBidResponseTimeout | default | default | 1" , "77" : "fetchPriority | control | control | 0" , "99-20" : "prebidMetricTracker | active | Active | 1" } }); window.dataLayer.push({ envData: { environment: { environment: "k8s-prod", application: "reference", dataCenter: "us-west-1" }, server: { version: "5.9.0", title: "reference-launcher" }, client : { browserUA: navigator.userAgent, serverUA: "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506; .NET CLR 3.5.21022; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)", deviceType: "pc", usStateCode: "" }, mantle: "4.1.94" } }); (function(fnUtils, CMP) { const deferLoadTime = 5000; const readyForThirdPartyTrackingEvent = new CustomEvent('readyForThirdPartyTracking', { bubbles: true }); const readyForThirdPartyTracking = fnUtils.once(function() { window.dataLayer.push({event: 'readyForThirdPartyTracking'}); window.dispatchEvent(readyForThirdPartyTrackingEvent); }); const readyForDeferredScriptsEvent = new CustomEvent('readyForDeferredScripts', { bubbles: true }); const readyForDeferredScripts = fnUtils.once(function() { window.dataLayer.push({event: 'readyForDeferredScripts'}); window.dispatchEvent(readyForDeferredScriptsEvent); }); const hasTargetingConsentHandler = function() { const hasConsent = CMP.hasTargetingConsent(); if (hasConsent) { readyForThirdPartyTracking(); } // Trigger the readyForDeferredScripts if consent is given // or if the user has closed the banner(AlertBox) which exists for EU // or if the user optin consent is not required, which applies for non gdpr locations if (hasConsent || CMP.isAlertBoxClosed() || !CMP.isOptInConsent()) { readyForDeferredScripts(); } return hasConsent; }; const purposeOneConsentHandler = async function() { const hasPurposeOneConsent = await CMP.hasPurposeOneConsent(); if (hasPurposeOneConsent) { readyForThirdPartyTracking(); } if (hasPurposeOneConsent || CMP.isAlertBoxClosed()) { readyForDeferredScripts(); } return hasPurposeOneConsent; }; const onRequiredDomEvent = fnUtils.once(function() { if (!CMP) { readyForThirdPartyTracking(); readyForDeferredScripts(); return; } const handler = CMP.supportsTCData() ? purposeOneConsentHandler : hasTargetingConsentHandler; if (!CMP.isLoading()) { handler(); } CMP.onConsentChange(handler); }); [ ['adRendered', onRequiredDomEvent], ['beforeunload', onRequiredDomEvent], ['load', function() { setTimeout(onRequiredDomEvent, deferLoadTime); }] ].forEach(function(event) { window.addEventListener(event[0], event[1], { once: true }); }); })(Mntl.fnUtilities || {}, Mntl.CMP);window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; (function() { var isContinuousScroll = document.querySelector('.mntl-continuous-scroll'); var pageViewDataAsJSON = {"country":"SG","description":"Learn about the ancient Roman political prize known as the position of consul and how it was used to unify a nation.","title":"Who Were the Roman Consuls and How Did They Rule Rome?" || document.title || '',"authorId":"575","viewType":"","documentId":120821,"revenueGroup":"","contentGroup":"Other","templateName":"STRUCTUREDCONTENT","authorNames":"N.S. Gill","templateId":"110","muid":"bc70be50-b5ec-4310-8ce9-ced28b24711d","lastEditingAuthorId":"575","lastEditingUserId":"151378030080892","primaryTaxonomyIds":"4122478|4133358|4133356|4133336|4133328","fullUrl":"https://www.thoughtco.com/who-were-the-roman-consuls-120821" + location.hash,"experienceType":"single page","entryType":"direct","excludeFromComscore":false,"internalSessionId":"n34e4f2d37c2f49019825fef0175afecc03","internalRequestId":"n34e4f2d37c2f49019825fef0175afecc03","hid":"","experienceTypeName":"","recircDocIdsFooter":"S-120845|S-120888|S-118344|S-112669|S-120098|S-118561|S-120099|S-120826|S-120772|S-117560|S-120895|S-117805|S-120862|S-120568|S-118553|S-120763","euTrafficFlag":false,"isGoogleBot":false,"mantleVersion":"4.1.94","primaryTaxonomyNames":"ThoughtCo|Humanities|History & Culture|Ancient History and Culture|Rome"}; var scrolledPageData = {}; var scrolledDocOrdinal; var scrolledPage; pageViewDataAsJSON.breakpointName = Ref.utilities.getW(); pageViewDataAsJSON.bounceExchangeId = 2473; if (isContinuousScroll) { pageViewDataAsJSON.experienceTypeName = 'continuous'; if (window.dataLayer && window.dataLayer.length) { //loop through events and collect previous scrolledDocOrdinal and scrolledPage values scrolledPageData = window.dataLayer.reduce( (acc, curr) => { if (curr.event == 'unifiedPageview') { acc.scrolledDocOrdinal = acc.scrolledDocOrdinal ? acc.scrolledDocOrdinal + 1 : 1; acc.scrolledPage = acc.scrolledPage ? acc.scrolledPage + " | " + (curr.documentId).toString() : (curr.documentId).toString(); } return acc; }, {}); } scrolledPage = scrolledPageData.scrolledPage ? scrolledPageData.scrolledPage + ' | ' + (pageViewDataAsJSON.documentId).toString() : (pageViewDataAsJSON.documentId).toString(); scrolledDocOrdinal = scrolledPageData.scrolledDocOrdinal ? scrolledPageData.scrolledDocOrdinal + 1 : 1; pageViewDataAsJSON.scrolledPage = scrolledPage; pageViewDataAsJSON.scrolledDocOrdinal = scrolledDocOrdinal; } Mntl.utilities.onLoad(function() { var isRecirc = false && document.querySelector('.mntl-recirc-section, .related-article-list, .masonry-list-section'); if (false && !isRecirc) { pageViewDataAsJSON.recircDocIdsFooter = ""; } Mntl.PageView.init(pageViewDataAsJSON); }); })();</script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico"> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/favicon.ico"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="57x57" href="/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="60x60" href="/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="76x76" href="/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="120x120" href="/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="152x152" href="/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#F4F4F4"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/static/5.9.0/icons/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="msapplication-square70x70logo" content="/static/5.9.0/icons/favicons/mstile-70x70.png"> <meta name="msapplication-square150x150logo" content="/static/5.9.0/icons/favicons/mstile-150x150.png"> <meta name="msapplication-square310x310logo" content="/static/5.9.0/icons/favicons/mstile-310x310.png"> <meta name="msapplication-wide310x150logo" content="/static/5.9.0/icons/favicons/mstile-310x150.png"> <div id="ie-notification-banner_1-0" class="comp ie-notification-banner mntl-block"><div id="ie-notification-banner__content_1-0" class="comp ie-notification-banner__content mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true"><svg class="icon icon-alert ie-notification-banner__icon-alert" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-alert" href="#icon-alert"></use> </svg> <div id="ie-notification-banner__text-container_1-0" class="comp ie-notification-banner__text-container mntl-block"><span id="ie-notification-banner__text--bold_1-0" class="comp ie-notification-banner__text--bold mntl-text-block">Your web browser (Internet Explorer 7) is out of date. </span> <span id="ie-notification-banner__text_1-0" class="comp ie-notification-banner__text mntl-text-block">Update your browser for more security, speed, and the best experience on this site.</span></div> <a href="https://www.google.com/chrome" target="_blank" rel="noopener nocaes" class="ie-notification-banner__btn-update mntl-text-link ie-notification-banner__btn" id="ie-notification-banner__btn-update_1-0" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Update Browser</span></a> <button id="ie-notification-banner__btn-close_1-0" class="comp ie-notification-banner__btn-close mntl-button ie-js-banner-dismiss ie-notification-banner__btn"> Ignore </button></div></div> <script id="schema-unified_1-0" class="comp schema-unified mntl-schema-unified" type="application/ld+json">[ { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": ["Article"] ,"headline": "Who the Roman Consuls Were and How They Ruled Rome" ,"datePublished": "2007-07-14T21:18:14.000-04:00" ,"dateModified": "2020-02-28T11:12:13.347-05:00" ,"author": [ {"@type": "Person" ,"name": "N.S. Gill" ,"url": "https://www.thoughtco.com/ns-gill-111288" } ] ,"description": "Learn about the ancient Roman political prize known as the position of consul and how it was used to unify a nation." ,"image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ZB3EnwOFKpPza-UHigyOov8jQU8=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/consul-57be32cf5f9b5855e5a4bcbc", "height": 760, "width": 392 } ,"publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "ThoughtCo", "url": "https://www.thoughtco.com", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ruwsr0VaZ-mxBD_vXVdKmhL0sjY=/250x60/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/TC_schema_logo_250x60-59af144bd088c00010d45b5f.png", "width": 250, "height": 60 }, "brand": "ThoughtCo" , "publishingPrinciples": "https://www.thoughtco.com/about-us-4779650#toc-editorial-guidelines" , "sameAs" : [ "https://www.facebook.com/thoughtcodotcom", "https://www.flipboard.com/@thoughtco" ] } ,"mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": ["WebPage"] ,"@id": "https://www.thoughtco.com/who-were-the-roman-consuls-120821" ,"breadcrumb": { "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "item": { "@id": "https://www.thoughtco.com/humanities-4133358", "name": "Humanities" } } , { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "item": { "@id": "https://www.thoughtco.com/history-and-culture-4133356", "name": "History & Culture" } } , { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "item": { "@id": "https://www.thoughtco.com/ancient-history-4133336", "name": "Ancient History and Culture" } } , { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 4, "item": { "@id": "https://www.thoughtco.com/ancient-roman-history-4133328", "name": "Rome" } } ] }} } ]</script> </head><body>  <svg class="mntl-svg-resource is-hidden"> <defs> <symbol id="icon-alert"> <svg width="30" height="29" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M13.2522 4.38081C14.077 2.92054 16.1389 2.92054 16.9637 4.38081L26.7065 21.6302C27.5313 23.0905 26.5003 24.9158 24.8507 24.9158H5.36517C3.7156 24.9158 2.68462 23.0905 3.5094 21.6302L13.2522 4.38081Z" fill="#fff"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M19.6063 2.76459L29.2795 20.1815C31.3267 23.8676 28.7677 28.4753 24.6732 28.4753H5.32681C1.23233 28.4753 -1.32671 23.8676 0.720529 20.1815L10.3937 2.76459C12.441 -0.921533 17.559 -0.921526 19.6063 2.76459ZM16.8425 4.42334C16.0236 2.94889 13.9764 2.94889 13.1575 4.42334L3.4843 21.8402C2.6654 23.3147 3.68902 25.1577 5.32681 25.1577H24.6732C26.311 25.1577 27.3346 23.3147 26.5157 21.8402L16.8425 4.42334Z" fill="#C00"/><path d="M13.8863 18.8426L12.8572 11.2V7.66641H17.1429V11.2L16.1279 18.8426H13.8863ZM13.0264 22.9992V20.1106H16.9878V22.9992H13.0264Z" fill="#222"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-menu"> <svg viewBox="0 0 21 25" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M2 21.5C2 20.6716 2.67157 20 3.5 20H17.5C18.3284 20 19 20.6716 19 21.5C19 22.3284 18.3284 23 17.5 23H3.5C2.67157 23 2 22.3284 2 21.5Z" fill="#DCD8A0"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.5 18H17.5C19.433 18 21 19.567 21 21.5C21 23.433 19.433 25 17.5 25H3.5C1.567 25 0 23.433 0 21.5C0 19.567 1.567 18 3.5 18ZM3.5 20C2.67157 20 2 20.6716 2 21.5C2 22.3284 2.67157 23 3.5 23H17.5C18.3284 23 19 22.3284 19 21.5C19 20.6716 18.3284 20 17.5 20H3.5Z" fill="#333"/><path d="M2 12.5C2 11.6716 2.67157 11 3.5 11H17.5C18.3284 11 19 11.6716 19 12.5C19 13.3284 18.3284 14 17.5 14H3.5C2.67157 14 2 13.3284 2 12.5Z" fill="#DCD8A0"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.5 9H17.5C19.433 9 21 10.567 21 12.5C21 14.433 19.433 16 17.5 16H3.5C1.567 16 0 14.433 0 12.5C0 10.567 1.567 9 3.5 9ZM3.5 11C2.67157 11 2 11.6716 2 12.5C2 13.3284 2.67157 14 3.5 14H17.5C18.3284 14 19 13.3284 19 12.5C19 11.6716 18.3284 11 17.5 11H3.5Z" fill="#333"/><path d="M2 3.5C2 2.67157 2.67157 2 3.5 2H17.5C18.3284 2 19 2.67157 19 3.5C19 4.32843 18.3284 5 17.5 5H3.5C2.67157 5 2 4.32843 2 3.5Z" fill="#DCD8A0"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.5 0H17.5C19.433 0 21 1.567 21 3.5C21 5.433 19.433 7 17.5 7H3.5C1.567 7 0 5.433 0 3.5C0 1.567 1.567 0 3.5 0ZM3.5 2C2.67157 2 2 2.67157 2 3.5C2 4.32843 2.67157 5 3.5 5H17.5C18.3284 5 19 4.32843 19 3.5C19 2.67157 18.3284 2 17.5 2H3.5Z" fill="#333"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-close"> <svg viewBox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M2.43934 15.8744C1.85355 16.4602 1.85355 17.4099 2.43934 17.9957C3.02513 18.5815 3.97487 18.5815 4.56066 17.9957L10.2175 12.3388L15.8744 17.9957C16.4602 18.5815 17.4099 18.5815 17.9957 17.9957C18.5815 17.4099 18.5815 16.4602 17.9957 15.8744L12.3388 10.2175L17.9957 4.56066C18.5815 3.97487 18.5815 3.02513 17.9957 2.43934C17.4099 1.85355 16.4602 1.85355 15.8744 2.43934L10.2175 8.09619L4.56066 2.43934C3.97488 1.85355 3.02513 1.85355 2.43934 2.43934C1.85356 3.02513 1.85356 3.97487 2.43934 4.56066L8.0962 10.2175L2.43934 15.8744Z" fill="#DCD8A0"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M1.02513 14.4602L5.26777 10.2175L1.02513 5.97487C-0.341705 4.60804 -0.341705 2.39196 1.02513 1.02513C2.39196 -0.341708 4.60804 -0.341709 5.97488 1.02513L10.2175 5.26776L14.4602 1.02513C15.827 -0.341708 18.0431 -0.341708 19.4099 1.02513C20.7767 2.39196 20.7767 4.60804 19.4099 5.97487L15.1673 10.2175L19.4099 14.4602C20.7767 15.827 20.7767 18.0431 19.4099 19.4099C18.0431 20.7767 15.827 20.7767 14.4602 19.4099L10.2175 15.1673L5.97487 19.4099C4.60804 20.7767 2.39196 20.7767 1.02513 19.4099C-0.341709 18.0431 -0.341708 15.827 1.02513 14.4602ZM10.2175 12.3388L15.8744 17.9957C16.4602 18.5815 17.4099 18.5815 17.9957 17.9957C18.5815 17.4099 18.5815 16.4602 17.9957 15.8744L12.3388 10.2175L17.9957 4.56066C18.5815 3.97487 18.5815 3.02513 17.9957 2.43934C17.4099 1.85355 16.4602 1.85355 15.8744 2.43934L10.2175 8.09619L4.56066 2.43934C3.97488 1.85355 3.02513 1.85355 2.43934 2.43934C1.85356 3.02513 1.85356 3.97487 2.43934 4.56066L8.0962 10.2175L2.43934 15.8744C1.85355 16.4602 1.85355 17.4099 2.43934 17.9957C3.02513 18.5815 3.97487 18.5815 4.56066 17.9957L10.2175 12.3388Z" fill="#333"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-logo"> <svg version="1.1" class="logo-img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0" y="0" viewBox="-169.7 -50 913.8 182.2" xml:space="preserve"><g class="logo-thought"><path d="M506.9 63.3c-1.7.4-5 1-8.7 1-6.1 0-8.1-1-10.6-3.9-2.1-2.5-2.1-6.6-2.1-12.4V12.6H507v-21h-12.1v0h-9.3v-25.8l-24.9-.1v25.9l-12 0 0 20.9h12v32.7c0 13.2 2.4 21.2 6.9 27.7 6.8 9.8 17.2 13.4 32.1 13.4 3.8 0 9.3-.8 12.5-1.9L506.9 63.3zM-73.1-49.6v23h-35.4v111h-25.8v-111h-35.4v-23H-73.1zM-35.5 84.4h-24.9V-50h24.9v48.2c6.9-5.4 15.7-8.6 25.3-8.6 12.8 0 24.5 5.7 32.1 14.9 6.1 7.3 9.6 16.6 9.6 32.5v47.3H6.6V35.2c0-9.2-2.1-14-5.6-17.4-3.3-3.3-8.2-5.2-14-5.2-10.5 0-19.1 6.7-22.6 11.5V84.4zM88.6-10.3c28.1 0 49.4 21.6 49.4 48.4 0 26.8-21.2 48.2-49.4 48.2S39.2 64.9 39.2 38.1C39.2 11.3 60.4-10.3 88.6-10.3zM88.6 63.3c14.5 0 24.5-11.3 24.5-25.3s-9.9-25.4-24.5-25.4c-14.5 0-24.5 11.5-24.5 25.4S74 63.3 88.6 63.3zM235.1-8.4v92.8h-23.9v-7.5c-7.3 6.5-16.1 9.4-25.1 9.4-12.8 0-24.3-5.9-31.6-14.9-5.9-7.3-9.4-16.8-9.4-30.6V-8.4h24.9v50.1c0 8.4 1.7 12.6 4.6 15.9 3.8 4.2 9.2 5.7 14 5.7 10.5 0 18.2-7.1 21.6-11.5V-8.4H235.1zM340.3 79.2c0 16.6-2.9 26.6-8.4 34.4-8.4 11.7-23.3 18.6-41.1 18.6-18.2 0-35.4-8.4-44.6-19.1l15.7-16.3c5 5.4 13.6 13.4 28.9 13.4 8 0 14.7-2.5 18.9-7.5 3.8-4.2 5.7-9.9 5.7-21.8v-3.1c-7.5 5.7-15.5 8.4-24.9 8.4-13.8 0-27-6.1-35.2-15.7-7.3-8.4-11.7-19.9-11.7-32.5 0-27.4 20.3-48.4 45.5-48.4 10.5 0 19.9 3.4 27.2 9.4v-7.5h23.9V79.2zM315.4 24.1c-5.2-6.9-13.4-11.5-23-11.5-14.5 0-23.9 12.1-23.9 25.4 0 14.5 10.5 25.3 24.5 25.3 9.4 0 17.6-4.6 22.4-11.5V24.1zM378.3 84.4h-24.9V-50h24.9v48.2c6.9-5.4 15.7-8.6 25.3-8.6 12.8 0 24.5 5.7 32.1 14.9 6.1 7.3 9.6 16.6 9.6 32.5v47.3h-24.9V35.2c0-9.2-2.1-14-5.6-17.4-3.3-3.3-8.2-5.2-14-5.2-10.5 0-19.1 6.7-22.6 11.5V84.4z"/><g class="logo-co" fill="#BEAB72"><path d="M590 67c-25.8 0-45.7-19.9-45.7-45.9 0-25.4 19.1-45.9 44.6-45.9 13.2 0 24.5 5.7 32.5 13.8l16.6-17.6c-12.1-11.7-29.1-19.1-49-19.1-41.7 0-70.6 30.4-70.6 68.9s29.3 68.9 71 68.9c15 0 28.3-4 39.1-10.5-5-6.2-8.4-13.6-10-21.8C611.2 63.3 601.7 67 590 67zM742.2 67.5c-1.2-2.1-2.9-3.8-5.1-5-2.2-1.2-4.5-1.8-6.9-1.8-3.4 0-6.4 1.2-9 3.5-3 2.7-4.5 6.1-4.5 10.2 0 3.8 1.3 7 4 9.7 2.6 2.7 5.8 4 9.6 4 2.5 0 4.9-.6 7-1.8 2.1-1.2 3.8-2.9 5-5 1.2-2.1 1.8-4.4 1.8-6.9C744 71.8 743.4 69.6 742.2 67.5z"/><path d="M669.8,5.1c-24.7,0-43.3,19-43.3,42.5c0,1.2,0.1,2.4,0.2,3.6c0.7,9,4.2,17.1,9.7,23.6c7.8,9.3,19.7,15.1,33.5,15.1 c24.7,0,43.3-18.8,43.3-42.3C713.1,24.1,694.4,5.1,669.8,5.1z M670.3,70.4c-7.1,0-13.1-3-16.9-8c-3.2-3.9-5.1-9-5.1-14.7 c0-12.3,8.7-22.3,21.5-22.3c6.5,0,11.9,2.6,15.7,6.7c3.9,4,6.3,9.7,6.3,16.1C691.7,61,682.7,70.4,670.3,70.4z"/></g></g></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-search"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 29 34"><path d="M5.04807 30.5496C6.15292 31.1875 7.5657 30.8089 8.20358 29.7041L13.6111 20.338C14.249 19.2332 13.8704 17.8204 12.7656 17.1825L12.7179 17.155C11.6131 16.5171 10.2003 16.8957 9.56242 18.0005L4.15492 27.3666C3.51703 28.4714 3.89558 29.8842 5.00043 30.5221L5.04807 30.5496Z" fill="#DCD8A0" stroke="#333" stroke-width="2"/><path d="M9.88244 22.8385C5.33866 20.2151 3.78184 14.405 6.4052 9.86122C9.02855 5.31744 14.8387 3.76062 19.3824 6.38397C23.9262 9.00733 25.483 14.8174 22.8597 19.3612C20.2363 23.905 14.4262 25.4618 9.88244 22.8385Z" stroke="#333" stroke-width="2"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-caret-down"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M7.77819 12.3744C7.1924 12.9602 6.24266 12.9602 5.65687 12.3744L1.44243e-05 6.71751L2.12133 4.59619L6.71753 9.19239L11.3137 4.59619L13.435 6.71751L7.77819 12.3744Z" fill="#DE2229"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-facebook"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 43.8 34"><path d="M22.4,30.1V18.9h3.7l0.6-4.4h-4.3v-2.8c0-1.3,0.3-2.1,2.2-2.1h2.3V5.8c-0.4-0.1-1.8-0.2-3.4-0.2c-3.3,0-5.6,2-5.6,5.7v3.2h-3.8v4.4h3.8v11.2L22.4,30.1L22.4,30.1z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-flipboard"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="240.4 241 17.3 17.3"><path d="M252 241 246.2 241 240.4 241 240.4 246.7 240.4 252.5 240.4 258.3 246.2 258.3 246.2 252.6 251.9 252.6 251.9 246.8 257.7 246.8 257.7 241z"/><path d="M252 241 246.2 241 246.2 246.8 252 246.8 257.7 246.8 257.7 241zM246.2 246.8H252V252.60000000000002H246.2z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-instagram"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0" y="0" viewBox="0 0 43.8 34" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M21.8,8.5c2.9,0,3.2,0,4.4,0.1c1.1,0,1.6,0.2,2,0.4c0.5,0.2,0.9,0.4,1.2,0.8c0.4,0.4,0.6,0.7,0.8,1.2c0.1,0.4,0.3,1,0.4,2c0.1,1.1,0.1,1.5,0.1,4.4s0,3.2-0.1,4.4c0,1.1-0.2,1.6-0.4,2c-0.2,0.5-0.4,0.9-0.8,1.2c-0.4,0.4-0.7,0.6-1.2,0.8c-0.4,0.1-1,0.3-2,0.4c-1.1,0.1-1.5,0.1-4.4,0.1s-3.2,0-4.4-0.1c-1.1,0-1.6-0.2-2-0.4c-0.5-0.2-0.9-0.4-1.2-0.8c-0.4-0.4-0.6-0.7-0.8-1.2c-0.1-0.4-0.3-1-0.4-2c-0.1-1.1-0.1-1.5-0.1-4.4s0-3.2,0.1-4.4c0-1.1,0.2-1.6,0.4-2c0.2-0.5,0.4-0.9,0.8-1.2c0.4-0.4,0.7-0.6,1.2-0.8c0.4-0.1,1-0.3,2-0.4C18.6,8.5,18.9,8.5,21.8,8.5 M21.8,6.6c-2.9,0-3.3,0-4.5,0.1c-1.2,0.1-1.9,0.2-2.6,0.5c-0.7,0.3-1.3,0.6-1.9,1.2c-0.6,0.6-1,1.2-1.2,1.9c-0.3,0.7-0.4,1.5-0.5,2.6C11,14.1,11,14.4,11,17.4c0,2.9,0,3.3,0.1,4.5c0.1,1.2,0.2,1.9,0.5,2.6c0.3,0.7,0.6,1.3,1.2,1.9c0.6,0.6,1.2,1,1.9,1.2c0.7,0.3,1.5,0.4,2.6,0.5c1.2,0.1,1.5,0.1,4.5,0.1s3.3,0,4.5-0.1c1.2-0.1,1.9-0.2,2.6-0.5c0.7-0.3,1.3-0.6,1.9-1.2c0.6-0.6,1-1.2,1.2-1.9c0.3-0.7,0.4-1.5,0.5-2.6c0.1-1.2,0.1-1.5,0.1-4.5s0-3.3-0.1-4.5c-0.1-1.2-0.2-1.9-0.5-2.6c-0.3-0.7-0.6-1.3-1.2-1.9c-0.6-0.6-1.2-1-1.9-1.2c-0.7-0.3-1.5-0.4-2.6-0.5C25.1,6.6,24.7,6.6,21.8,6.6L21.8,6.6z"/><path d="M21.8,11.8c-3.1,0-5.5,2.5-5.5,5.5s2.5,5.5,5.5,5.5s5.5-2.5,5.5-5.5S24.9,11.8,21.8,11.8zM21.8,21c-2,0-3.6-1.6-3.6-3.6s1.6-3.6,3.6-3.6s3.6,1.6,3.6,3.6S23.8,21,21.8,21z"/><circle cx="27.6" cy="11.6" r="1.3"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-linkedin"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 41.8 41.8"><path d="M12.2 18.2h3.9v12.7h-3.9V18.2zm1.9-6.3c1.3 0 2.3 1 2.3 2.3s-1 2.3-2.3 2.3-2.3-1-2.3-2.3c0-1.3 1.1-2.3 2.3-2.3M18.6 18.2h3.8v1.7h.1c.8-1.3 2.2-2.1 3.7-2 4 0 4.7 2.6 4.7 6v7H27v-6.2c0-1.5 0-3.4-2-3.4s-2.3 1.6-2.3 3.2v6.3h-3.9l-.2-12.6z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-pinterest"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="-1217.8 0 640 480"><path d="M-888.5,96c-77.6,0-120,52.2-120,108.7c0,26.8,14.1,59.3,36.7,70.6c2.8,1.4,5.6,1.4,5.6-2.8c0-2.8,4.2-14.1,5.6-21.2c0-1.4,0-2.8-1.4-5.6c-7.1-8.5-14.1-25.4-14.1-40.9c0-39.5,29.6-79.1,81.9-79.1c43.8,0,74.8,29.6,74.8,73.4c0,49.4-24,83.3-56.5,83.3c-18.4,0-31.1-14.1-26.8-32.5c5.6-21.2,15.5-45.2,15.5-60.7c0-14.1-7.1-25.4-22.6-25.4c-18.4,0-32.5,18.4-32.5,43.8c0,15.5,5.6,26.8,5.6,26.8s-18.4,76.2-21.2,90.4c-5.6,24,1.4,62.1,1.4,66.4c0,1.4,2.8,2.8,2.8,1.4c1.4-2.8,24-35.3,29.6-57.9c2.8-8.5,11.3-42.4,11.3-42.4c5.6,11.3,22.6,21.2,40.9,21.2c55.1,0,93.2-50.8,93.2-112.9C-776.9,141.2-824.9,96-888.5,96z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-x"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M13.6468 10.4686L20.9321 2H19.2057L12.8799 9.3532L7.82741 2H2L9.6403 13.1193L2 22H3.72649L10.4068 14.2348L15.7425 22H21.57L13.6468 10.4686ZM11.2821 13.2173L10.508 12.1101L4.34857 3.29968H7.00037L11.9711 10.4099L12.7452 11.5172L19.2066 20.7594H16.5548L11.2821 13.2173Z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-privacy-options"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 30 14"><path fill="#FFF" d="M7.4 12.8h6.8l3.1-11.6H7.4C4.2 1.2 1.6 3.8 1.6 7s2.6 5.8 5.8 5.8z"/><path fill="#06f" d="M22.6 0H7.4c-3.9 0-7 3.1-7 7s3.1 7 7 7h15.2c3.9 0 7-3.1 7-7s-3.2-7-7-7zm-21 7c0-3.2 2.6-5.8 5.8-5.8h9.9l-3.1 11.6H7.4c-3.2 0-5.8-2.6-5.8-5.8z"/><path fill="#FFF" d="M24.6 4c.2.2.2.6 0 .8L22.5 7l2.2 2.2c.2.2.2.6 0 .8-.2.2-.6.2-.8 0l-2.2-2.2-2.2 2.2c-.2.2-.6.2-.8 0-.2-.2-.2-.6 0-.8L20.8 7l-2.2-2.2c-.2-.2-.2-.6 0-.8.2-.2.6-.2.8 0l2.2 2.2L23.8 4c.2-.2.6-.2.8 0z"/><path fill="#06f" d="M12.7 4.1c.2.2.3.6.1.8L8.6 9.8c-.1.1-.2.2-.3.2-.2.1-.5.1-.7-.1L5.4 7.7c-.2-.2-.2-.6 0-.8.2-.2.6-.2.8 0L8 8.6l3.8-4.5c.2-.2.6-.2.9 0z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__logo"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="5 2.8 290 69"><circle cx="39.6" cy="37.4" r="34.3" fill="#f44b34"/><path fill="#fff" d="M50.4 17.9c-1.7-1.8-4-2.6-7-2.6-9.1-.1-12.4-.1-13.2-.1L27.3 22h8.1L30 28v21h-.1l.1.1v6.7l-3.6 4h18.5L53 51V25c0-.1.1-4.3-2.6-7.1zm-5.2 19.6-7.4 7.8V41l7.4-7.8v4.3zm-7.4-15.4h3c.9 0 2.1-.1 3.1.9s1.4 2.5 1.4 4.9v3.6l-7.4 7.8-.1-17.2zm-4.9 30.1 3.3-3.6 9-9.5v13.1c0 .1-12.3.1-12.3 0z"/><path fill="#009ad9" d="m99.645 22.637 6.505-6.506 4.172 4.172-6.505 6.506zM121 44l4.2 4.2 6.5-6.5-4.2-4.2zm-3.2-31.2c1.8-1.8 4.7-1.8 6.5 0 1.9 1.9 1.7 4.8 0 6.5l-3.3 3.3 4.2 4.2 3.3-3.3c2-2 4.9-1.6 6.5 0 2 2 1.6 4.9 0 6.5l-3.3 3.3 4.2 4.2 3.3-3.3c4.2-4.2 4-10.8 0-14.8-2.8-2.8-6.1-3.1-7.6-3.1.1-1.5-.3-4.8-3.1-7.6-3.9-3.9-10.6-4.2-14.8 0l-3.3 3.3 4.2 4.2 3.2-3.4zm-7.5 20.6 4.2 4.1L121 31l-4.2-4.1-6.5 6.5z"/><path fill="#6ebd44" d="m99.6 52.4 6.6 6.5 4.1-4.2-6.5-6.5zm36.3-14.9-4.2 4.2L135 45c1.6 1.6 2 4.5 0 6.5-1.6 1.6-4.5 2.1-6.5 0l-3.3-3.3-4.2 4.2 3.3 3.3c1.7 1.7 1.9 4.6 0 6.5-1.8 1.8-4.7 1.8-6.5 0l-3.3-3.3-4.2 4.2 3.3 3.3c4.2 4.2 10.9 3.9 14.8 0 2.8-2.8 3.1-6.1 3.1-7.6 1.5 0 4.8-.3 7.6-3.1 4-4 4.2-10.6 0-14.8l-3.2-3.4zm-25.6 4.2 6.5 6.5L121 44l-6.5-6.5zm14.9-14.8L121 31l6.5 6.5 4.2-4.1-6.5-6.5z"/><path fill="#f68f1e" d="m110.332 54.607 6.506-6.506 4.172 4.172-6.506 6.505zM102.8 62.2c-1.6 1.6-4.5 2-6.5 0-1.6-1.6-2.1-4.5 0-6.5l3.3-3.3-4.2-4.2-3.3 3.3c-1.7 1.7-4.6 1.9-6.5 0-1.8-1.8-1.8-4.7 0-6.5l3.3-3.3-4.2-4.2-3.3 3.3c-4.2 4.2-3.9 10.9 0 14.8 2.8 2.8 6.1 3.1 7.6 3.1 0 1.5.3 4.8 3.1 7.6 4 4 10.6 4.2 14.8 0l3.3-3.3-4.2-4.2-3.2 3.4zm3.4-24.7L99.6 44l4.2 4.2 6.5-6.5zM95.5 26.9 89 33.4l4.1 4.1 6.5-6.5z"/><path fill="#ec174c" d="m99.6 44-6.5-6.5-4.1 4.2 6.5 6.5zm-14-14c-1.8-1.8-1.8-4.7 0-6.5 1.9-1.9 4.8-1.7 6.5 0l3.3 3.3 4.2-4.2-3.3-3.3c-2-2-1.6-4.9 0-6.5 2-2 4.9-1.6 6.5 0l3.3 3.3 4.2-4.2-3.3-3.2c-4.2-4.2-10.8-4-14.8 0-2.8 2.8-3.1 6.1-3.1 7.6-1.5-.1-4.9.3-7.6 3.1-3.9 3.9-4.2 10.6 0 14.8l3.3 3.3 4.2-4.2-3.4-3.3zm24.73-9.682 4.172-4.172 6.505 6.505-4.172 4.172zM106.2 37.5l4.1-4.1-6.5-6.5-4.2 4.1 6.6 6.5z"/><path fill="#573357" d="m106.142 16.042 4.171-4.172 4.172 4.172-4.171 4.172z"/><path fill="#be272d" d="m84.81 37.543 4.172-4.172 4.172 4.172-4.172 4.172z"/><path fill="#008e4c" d="m127.497 37.555 4.171-4.172 4.172 4.172-4.171 4.172z"/><path fill="#7a773e" d="m106.172 58.866 4.172-4.172 4.172 4.172-4.172 4.172z"/><path fill="#443639" d="m116.856 26.74 4.172-4.172 4.172 4.172-4.172 4.172z"/><path fill="#803136" d="m95.455 48.169 4.172-4.172 4.172 4.172-4.172 4.172z"/><path fill="#593438" d="m95.446 26.753 4.172-4.172 4.172 4.173-4.172 4.171z"/><path fill="#443639" d="m106.155 37.456 4.172-4.172 4.172 4.171-4.172 4.172z"/><path fill="#2a6442" d="m116.871 48.153 4.172-4.172 4.172 4.172-4.172 4.172z"/><path d="M170.4 13.5c-2.5-2.2-5.7-3.3-9.6-3.3h-7.2v23.6h7.6c3.8 0 7-1.1 9.4-3.3s3.6-5 3.6-8.5-1.3-6.3-3.8-8.5zm.1 8.5c0 2.6-.9 4.7-2.6 6.2-1.7 1.6-4.1 2.3-7 2.3h-3.8V13.4h3.8c2.9 0 5.2.8 7 2.3 1.7 1.5 2.6 3.7 2.6 6.3zm14.6-6.3c-2.5 0-4.7.9-6.4 2.7s-2.6 4-2.6 6.6.9 4.8 2.6 6.6c1.7 1.8 3.9 2.7 6.4 2.7h.1v-.1c2.5 0 4.7-.9 6.4-2.7s2.6-4 2.6-6.6c0-2.5-.9-4.8-2.6-6.6-1.8-1.7-3.9-2.6-6.5-2.6zm4.1 13.7c-.5.6-1.1 1-1.8 1.3s-1.4.3-2.2.3c-1.7 0-3-.6-4.1-1.8-1.1-1.2-1.6-2.7-1.6-4.4 0-1.7.6-3.2 1.6-4.3 1.1-1.2 2.4-1.7 4.1-1.7 1.6 0 3 .6 4 1.7 1.1 1.2 1.6 2.6 1.6 4.3 0 1.9-.5 3.4-1.6 4.6zm16.9.8c-.5.6-1.3.9-2.3.9-1.6 0-2.4-.9-2.4-2.7v-9.2h5v-3h-5v-4.4h-3.3v4.4h-2.9l.1 3h2.9v9.3c0 1.9.5 3.3 1.4 4.3s2.2 1.5 3.9 1.5c1.8 0 3.2-.5 4.2-1.5l-1.6-2.6zm38.1-11.6c-1.5-2-3.5-3-6.1-3-2.5 0-4.5.9-6.1 2.7-1.6 1.8-2.4 4-2.4 6.6 0 2.7.8 4.9 2.5 6.6 1.7 1.8 3.7 2.7 6.1 2.7 2.6 0 4.6-1 6.1-3.1v2.6h3.4V16.1h-3.4v2.5h-.1zm-1.6 2c1.1 1.2 1.6 2.6 1.6 4.3s-.5 3.2-1.6 4.4c-.5.6-1.1 1-1.8 1.3s-1.4.4-2.2.4c-1.7 0-3-.6-4.1-1.8-1.1-1.2-1.6-2.7-1.6-4.4 0-1.7.6-3.2 1.6-4.3 1.1-1.2 2.4-1.7 4.1-1.7 1.6.1 2.9.6 4 1.8zm17.9 3.6c-.9-.3-1.9-.6-3-.9-1-.3-1.9-.6-2.5-1-.7-.4-1-1-1-1.6l.1-.1c0-.7.3-1.2.9-1.6.6-.4 1.4-.6 2.3-.6 2 0 3.4.7 4.5 2l2-2c-1.3-1.8-3.5-2.7-6.6-2.7-1.9 0-3.5.5-4.7 1.4-1.2 1-1.7 2.1-1.7 3.5 0 1.2.3 2.1 1 2.9s1.5 1.3 2.6 1.7c1.1.4 2 .7 2.9 1 1 .3 1.8.7 2.4 1.1.7.5 1 1 1 1.8s-.3 1.4-.9 1.8c-.6.5-1.4.7-2.5.7-2.3 0-4.1-.8-5.3-2.3l-2 2.2c1.5 1.9 3.9 2.9 7.1 2.9 2.2 0 3.9-.5 5.1-1.5s1.8-2.3 1.8-3.8c0-1.2-.3-2.2-1-3-.6-.9-1.5-1.4-2.5-1.9zm14.9-8.6c-2.3 0-4.1.8-5.2 2.5V8.4h-3.4v25.4h3.4l.1-10.3c0-1.4.4-2.6 1.2-3.4.8-.8 1.8-1.2 3.2-1.2 1.3 0 2.4.4 3.2 1.3.8.8 1.2 2 1.2 3.4v10.3h3.4V23c0-2.3-.6-4-1.9-5.4-1.4-1.4-3.1-2-5.2-2zm-52.2 3c-1.5-2-3.5-3-6.1-3-2.5 0-4.5.9-6.1 2.7-1.6 1.8-2.4 4-2.4 6.6 0 2.7.8 4.9 2.5 6.6 1.7 1.8 3.7 2.7 6.1 2.7 2.6 0 4.6-1 6.1-3.1v2.6h3.4V8.4h-3.4v10.2h-.1zm-1.6 2c1.1 1.2 1.6 2.6 1.6 4.3s-.5 3.2-1.6 4.4c-1.1 1.2-2.4 1.8-4 1.8-1.7 0-3-.6-4.1-1.8-1.1-1.2-1.6-2.7-1.6-4.4 0-1.7.6-3.2 1.6-4.3 1.1-1.2 2.4-1.7 4.1-1.7 1.6 0 2.9.5 4 1.7zm48.8 19.9h-3.6v19.1c0 2.4.7 4.1 2.1 5.1 1.2.9 3.1 1.4 5.6 1.4h.1v-3h-.1c-1.2 0-2.1-.2-2.7-.6-.9-.6-1.4-1.7-1.4-3.3V51h4.1v-3h-4.1v-7.5zm-96.2 7c-1.4 0-2.6.3-3.7 1-1 .6-1.7 1.5-2.3 2.6-1.2-2.4-3.2-3.6-6-3.6-2.2 0-4 .9-5.2 2.6V48h-3.5v18.2h3.5l.2-10.7c0-1.5.4-2.6 1.1-3.5.7-.9 1.8-1.3 3.1-1.3s2.3.4 3.1 1.3c.8.9 1.2 2 1.2 3.5v10.6h3.4V55.5c0-1.5.4-2.6 1.2-3.5s1.8-1.3 3.2-1.3c1.3 0 2.3.4 3.1 1.3.7.9 1.1 2 1.1 3.5v10.6h3.5V55c0-2.3-.6-4.1-1.9-5.5-1.3-1.3-3-2-5.1-2zm18.9 0c-2.5 0-4.7.9-6.4 2.8-1.7 1.9-2.6 4.1-2.6 6.8s.9 5 2.7 6.8c1.8 1.8 4.1 2.8 6.8 2.8h.1v-.1c1.4 0 2.7-.3 3.9-.7 1.2-.5 2.2-1.1 3-1.9l-1.8-2.4c-1.3 1.3-3 2-5 2-1.7 0-3.1-.5-4.2-1.6-1.1-1-1.8-2.4-2-4h14.3c.1-.3.1-.7.1-1.2 0-2.5-.9-4.7-2.6-6.5-1.6-1.8-3.8-2.8-6.3-2.8zm.1 3c1.4 0 2.6.5 3.6 1.3 1 .9 1.6 2.1 1.8 3.8h-10.8c.3-1.5.9-2.7 1.8-3.7 1-.9 2.2-1.4 3.6-1.4zm22.5-2.3c-.6-.5-1.6-.8-2.8-.8-1.9 0-3.4.9-4.5 2.6v-2H205v18.2h3.5l-.1-10.5c0-1.5.3-2.7.9-3.6.6-.9 1.5-1.3 2.6-1.3.9 0 1.7.2 2.3.7h.1l1.4-3.3zm9-.7c-2.5 0-4.7.9-6.4 2.8-1.7 1.9-2.6 4.1-2.6 6.8s.9 5 2.7 6.8c1.8 1.8 4.1 2.8 6.8 2.8h.1v-.1c1.4 0 2.7-.3 3.9-.7 1.2-.5 2.2-1.1 3-1.9l-1.8-2.4c-1.3 1.3-3 2-5 2-1.7 0-3.1-.5-4.2-1.6-1.1-1-1.8-2.4-2-4h14.3c.1-.3.1-.7.1-1.2 0-2.5-.9-4.7-2.6-6.5-1.6-1.8-3.8-2.8-6.3-2.8zm.1 3c1.4 0 2.6.5 3.6 1.3 1 .9 1.6 2.1 1.8 3.8h-10.8c.3-1.5.9-2.7 1.8-3.7.9-.9 2.1-1.4 3.6-1.4zm26.1 0c-1.5-2-3.6-3.1-6.3-3.1-2.5 0-4.6.9-6.3 2.7s-2.5 4.1-2.5 6.8.9 5 2.5 6.8c1.7 1.8 3.8 2.7 6.3 2.7 2.6 0 4.7-1.1 6.3-3.2v2.7h3.5V40.5h-3.5v10zm-1.7 2c1.1 1.2 1.6 2.7 1.6 4.5 0 1.7-.6 3.3-1.6 4.5-1.1 1.2-2.4 1.8-4.2 1.8-1.7 0-3.1-.6-4.2-1.8-1.1-1.2-1.7-2.7-1.7-4.5s.6-3.3 1.7-4.5c1.1-1.2 2.5-1.8 4.2-1.8 1.8.1 3.1.7 4.2 1.8zm43.5-3c-1.3-1.4-3-2.1-5.2-2.1-2.4 0-4.2.9-5.4 2.6v-9.6h-3.5v25.7h3.5l.1-10.5c0-1.5.4-2.6 1.2-3.5.8-.9 1.8-1.3 3.2-1.3 1.4 0 2.5.4 3.3 1.3.8.9 1.2 2 1.2 3.5v10.6h3.5V55c0-2.3-.6-4.1-1.9-5.5zM259.1 48h3.5v18.2h-3.5zm0-7.5h3.4v3.4h-3.4z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="trending-icon"> <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="2 6 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M16 6L18.29 8.29L13.41 13.17L9.41 9.17L2 16.59L3.41 18L9.41 12L13.41 16L19.71 9.71L22 12V6L16 6Z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="close-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24.81 24.61"><path d="M.234 2.826L3.062-.002l21.75 21.75-2.828 2.829z"/><path d="M-.003 21.796L21.726.067l2.828 2.828-21.729 21.73z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="jw-player-cc"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 240 240" focusable="false"><path d="M215,40H25c-2.7,0-5,2.2-5,5v150c0,2.7,2.2,5,5,5h190c2.7,0,5-2.2,5-5V45C220,42.2,217.8,40,215,40z M108.1,137.7c0.7-0.7,1.5-1.5,2.4-2.3l6.6,7.8c-2.2,2.4-5,4.4-8,5.8c-8,3.5-17.3,2.4-24.3-2.9c-3.9-3.6-5.9-8.7-5.5-14v-25.6c0-2.7,0.5-5.3,1.5-7.8c0.9-2.2,2.4-4.3,4.2-5.9c5.7-4.5,13.2-6.2,20.3-4.6c3.3,0.5,6.3,2,8.7,4.3c1.3,1.3,2.5,2.6,3.5,4.2l-7.1,6.9c-2.4-3.7-6.5-5.9-10.9-5.9c-2.4-0.2-4.8,0.7-6.6,2.3c-1.7,1.7-2.5,4.1-2.4,6.5v25.6C90.4,141.7,102,143.5,108.1,137.7z M152.9,137.7c0.7-0.7,1.5-1.5,2.4-2.3l6.6,7.8c-2.2,2.4-5,4.4-8,5.8c-8,3.5-17.3,2.4-24.3-2.9c-3.9-3.6-5.9-8.7-5.5-14v-25.6c0-2.7,0.5-5.3,1.5-7.8c0.9-2.2,2.4-4.3,4.2-5.9c5.7-4.5,13.2-6.2,20.3-4.6c3.3,0.5,6.3,2,8.7,4.3c1.3,1.3,2.5,2.6,3.5,4.2l-7.1,6.9c-2.4-3.7-6.5-5.9-10.9-5.9c-2.4-0.2-4.8,0.7-6.6,2.3c-1.7,1.7-2.5,4.1-2.4,6.5v25.6C135.2,141.7,146.8,143.5,152.9,137.7z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-caret-right"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0" y="0" viewBox="0 0 100 100" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M33 99 82.1 50 33 .9z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-envelope"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100"><path d="M100,88.3H0V11.7h100V88.3z M9.4,78.9h81.3V21.1H9.4V78.9z"/><path d="M1.1 13.9 49.6 62.3 97.8 13.9z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-print"> <svg viewBox="0 0 176 170"><path class="print-st0" d="M46.7 12.3H125.7V33.3H46.7zM46.7 156.3h79v-74h-79V156.3zM60.3 99.7l54.7.1 0 7.5-54.7-.1L60.3 99.7zM60.3 116.7l54.7.1 0 7.5-54.7-.1L60.3 116.7zM60.3 133.7l39.4.1 0 7.5-39.4-.1L60.3 133.7z"/><circle class="print-st0" cx="147.6" cy="58.6" r="7.5"/><path class="print-st1" d="M155.9,33.3h-17.2v-33h-105v33H19c-9.5,0-18.3,8.6-18.3,18v81.7c0,0.4,1.4,0.2,1.8,0.2h31.2v36h105v-36h17.2 c9.5,0,18.8-7.2,18.8-16.7V51.4C174.7,41.9,165.4,33.3,155.9,33.3z M125.7,156.3h-79v-74h79V156.3z M125.7,33.3h-79v-21h79V33.3z M147.6,66.2c-4.2,0-7.5-3.4-7.5-7.5c0-4.2,3.4-7.5,7.5-7.5s7.5,3.4,7.5,7.5C155.1,62.8,151.8,66.2,147.6,66.2z"/><path transform="rotate(-89.907 87.615 103.541)" class="print-st1" d="M83.8 76.2H91.3V130.9H83.8z"/><path transform="rotate(-89.907 87.615 120.526)" class="print-st1" d="M83.8 93.2H91.3V147.9H83.8z"/><path transform="rotate(-89.871 79.961 137.511)" class="print-st1" d="M76.2 117.8H83.7V157.2H76.2z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-camera"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0" y="0" viewBox="0 0 100 100" xml:space="preserve"><circle fill="#333" cx="49.5" cy="55.2" r="21.6"/><circle fill="#FFF" cx="49.5" cy="55.2" r="12.8"/><path fill="#333" d="M91.5,17.6V7H44.1L41,17.6H0v76.4h99.7V17.6H91.5z M91.3,85.6H8.4V26h82.9V85.6z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="reviewer-icon"> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0" y="0" viewBox="0 0 16 15" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 15" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M13.9,10.2c0.4-0.8,0.6-1.8,0.6-2.7c0-3.9-3.1-7-7-7s-7,3.1-7,7s3.1,7,7,7C10.4,14.5,12.9,12.7,13.9,10.2z" style="fill:#dcd8a0;stroke-width:0"/><path d="M3.5,6.5l4,3.5L15,1" style="fill:none;stroke:#333;stroke-width:1.75"/><path d="M13.5,10.6c-1.1,2.2-3.4,3.6-6,3.6c-3.7,0-6.7-3-6.7-6.7s3-6.7,6.7-6.7c2.5,0,4.6,1.3,5.8,3.3" style="fill:none;stroke:#333;stroke-width:1.25"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-sources-show"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20"><path d="M10 0C4.477 0 0 4.477 0 10s4.477 10 10 10 10-4.477 10-10S15.523 0 10 0z"/><path fill="currentColor" d="M10 10.621L6.818 7.44a1.5 1.5 0 0 0-2.121 2.122l4.242 4.242a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 2.122 0l4.242-4.242a1.5 1.5 0 0 0-2.121-2.122L10 10.621z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-sources-hide"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20"><path d="M10 0C4.477 0 0 4.477 0 10s4.477 10 10 10 10-4.477 10-10S15.523 0 10 0z" transform="rotate(180 10 10)"/><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero" d="M10 10.621L6.818 7.44a1.5 1.5 0 0 0-2.121 2.122l4.242 4.242a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 2.122 0l4.242-4.242a1.5 1.5 0 0 0-2.121-2.122L10 10.621z" transform="rotate(180 10 10)"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-checkmark"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19 19"><path d="M7.7,16.6l-5.8-5.8l2.8-2.8l3.2,3.2l8.6-8.2C14.8,1.2,12.3,0,9.5,0C4.3,0,0,4.3,0,9.5C0,14.7,4.3,19,9.5,19S19,14.7,19,9.5c0-1.2-0.2-2.4-0.7-3.5L7.7,16.6z"/></svg> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-cite"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20"><path d="M10 0C4.477 0 0 4.476 0 10c0 5.523 4.477 10 10 10s10-4.477 10-10c0-5.524-4.477-10-10-10z"/><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.79 8.746a5.455 5.455 0 0 1-5.384 5.455 5.466 5.466 0 0 0 2.646-3.065 2.418 2.418 0 0 1-2.114-2.394 2.426 2.426 0 1 1 4.851 0v.004zM9.724 8.746A5.456 5.456 0 0 1 4.341 14.2a5.47 5.47 0 0 0 2.645-3.065 2.418 2.418 0 0 1-2.113-2.394 2.426 2.426 0 0 1 4.851 0v.004z"/></svg> </symbol> </defs> </svg>   <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5P3SZGS" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <header id="header_1-0" class="comp header" role="banner" data-tracking-container="true"><a href="#skip-to-content" rel="nocaes" class="skip-link mntl-text-link btn" id="skip-link_1-0" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Skip to content</span></a> <div class="menu-button-container"> <button class="menu-button"> <span class="is-vishidden">Menu</span> <div class="menu-button-inner"> <svg class="icon icon-menu " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-menu" href="#icon-menu"></use> </svg> <svg class="icon icon-close " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-close" href="#icon-close"></use> </svg> <div> </button> </div> <div id="logo_1-0" class="comp logo"> <a href="/" rel="home" aria-label="Visit ThoughtCo's homepage"> <span class="is-vishidden">Home</span> <svg class="icon icon-logo " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-logo" href="#icon-logo"></use> </svg> </a> </div> <nav id="header-nav_1-0" class="comp header-nav" role="navigation"> <ul class="header-nav__list"> <li class="header-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/sciences-math-4132465" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__list-item-link" > Science, Tech, Math </a> <ul class="header-nav__sublist"> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/science-4132464" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Science </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/math-4133545" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Math </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/social-sciences-4133522" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Social Sciences </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/computer-science-4133486" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Computer Science </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/animals-and-nature-4133421" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Animals & Nature </a> </li> </uL> </li> <li class="header-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/humanities-4133358" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__list-item-link" > Humanities </a> <ul class="header-nav__sublist"> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/history-and-culture-4133356" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > History & Culture </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/visual-arts-4132957" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Visual Arts </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/literature-4133251" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Literature </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/english-4688281" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > English </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/geography-4133035" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Geography </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/philosophy-4133025" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Philosophy </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/issues-4133022" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Issues </a> </li> </uL> </li> <li class="header-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/languages-4133094" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__list-item-link" > Languages </a> <ul class="header-nav__sublist"> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/esl-4133095" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > English as a Second Language </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/spanish-4133085" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Spanish </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/french-4133079" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > French </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/german-4133073" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > German </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/italian-4133069" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Italian </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/japanese-4133062" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Japanese </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/mandarin-4133057" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Mandarin </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/russian-4175265" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > Russian </a> </li> </uL> </li> <li class="header-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/resources-4132590" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__list-item-link" > Resources </a> <ul class="header-nav__sublist"> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/for-students-parents-4132588" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > For Students & Parents </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/for-educators-4132509" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > For Educators </a> </li> <li class="header-nav__sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/for-adult-learners-4132469" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__sublist-item-link" > For Adult Learners </a> </li> </uL> </li> <li class="header-nav__list-item"> <a href="/about-us-4779650" rel="nocaes" class="header-nav__list-item-link" >About Us</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div id="general-search_1-0" class="comp general-search" data-tracking-container="true"> <button class="search-icon"> <span class="is-vishidden">Search</span> <svg class="icon icon-search " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-search" href="#icon-search"></use> </svg> </button> <form class="general-search-form" role="search" action="/search" method="get"> <div class="input-group"> <span class="general-search__close">Close</span> <label for="search-input" class="is-vishidden">Search the site</label> <input type="text" name="q" id="search-input" class="general-search-input" placeholder="Search here..." type="text" required="required" value="" tabindex="-1"> <button class="btn btn-go" tabindex="-1"> <span class="is-vishidden">GO</span> <svg class="icon icon-search " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-search" href="#icon-search"></use> </svg> </button> </div> </form> </div> <div class="header-nav-panel"> <nav id="fullscreen-nav_1-0" class="comp fullscreen-nav " role="navigation" data-tracking-container="true"> <ul class="fullscreen-nav-list"> <li class="fullscreen-nav-list-item" tabindex="0"> <div class="fullscreen-nav-title fullscreen-nav-title--science-tech-math" > <div> Science, Tech, Math </div> <svg class="icon icon-caret-down " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-down" href="#icon-caret-down"></use> </svg> </div> <ul class="fullscreen-nav-sub"> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/science-4132464" rel="nocaes" >Science</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/math-4133545" rel="nocaes" >Math</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/social-sciences-4133522" rel="nocaes" >Social Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/computer-science-4133486" rel="nocaes" >Computer Science</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/animals-and-nature-4133421" rel="nocaes" >Animals & Nature</a></li> </uL> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav-list-item" tabindex="0"> <div class="fullscreen-nav-title fullscreen-nav-title--humanities" > <div> Humanities </div> <svg class="icon icon-caret-down " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-down" href="#icon-caret-down"></use> </svg> </div> <ul class="fullscreen-nav-sub"> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/history-and-culture-4133356" rel="nocaes" >History & Culture</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/visual-arts-4132957" rel="nocaes" >Visual Arts</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/literature-4133251" rel="nocaes" >Literature</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/english-4688281" rel="nocaes" >English</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/geography-4133035" rel="nocaes" >Geography</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/philosophy-4133025" rel="nocaes" >Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/issues-4133022" rel="nocaes" >Issues</a></li> </uL> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav-list-item" tabindex="0"> <div class="fullscreen-nav-title fullscreen-nav-title--languages" > <div> Languages </div> <svg class="icon icon-caret-down " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-down" href="#icon-caret-down"></use> </svg> </div> <ul class="fullscreen-nav-sub"> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/esl-4133095" rel="nocaes" >English as a Second Language</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/spanish-4133085" rel="nocaes" >Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/french-4133079" rel="nocaes" >French</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/german-4133073" rel="nocaes" >German</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/italian-4133069" rel="nocaes" >Italian</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/japanese-4133062" rel="nocaes" >Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/mandarin-4133057" rel="nocaes" >Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/russian-4175265" rel="nocaes" >Russian</a></li> </uL> </li> <li class="fullscreen-nav-list-item" tabindex="0"> <div class="fullscreen-nav-title fullscreen-nav-title--resources" > <div> Resources </div> <svg class="icon icon-caret-down " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-down" href="#icon-caret-down"></use> </svg> </div> <ul class="fullscreen-nav-sub"> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/for-students-parents-4132588" rel="nocaes" >For Students & Parents</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/for-educators-4132509" rel="nocaes" >For Educators</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/for-adult-learners-4132469" rel="nocaes" >For Adult Learners</a></li> </uL> </li> <li> <ul id="contact-nav_1-0" class="comp contact-nav"> <li class="contact-nav__nav-item"><a href="/about-us-4779650" rel="nocaes" >About Us</a></li> <li class="contact-nav__nav-item"><a href="/about-us-4779650#toc-contact-us" rel="nocaes" >Contact Us</a></li> <li class="contact-nav__nav-item"><a href="/about-us-4779650#toc-editorial-guidelines" rel="nocaes" >Editorial Guidelines</a></li> <li class="contact-nav__nav-item"><a href="https://www.dotdashmeredith.com/brands-privacy" target="_blank" rel="noopener nocaes" >Privacy Policy</a></li> </ul> </li> </uL> </nav> </div> </header> <div id="mm-ads-leaderboard-header_1-0" class="comp mm-ads-leaderboard-header mm-ads-flexible-leaderboard mm-ads-flexible-ad mm-ads-gpt-adunit leaderboard--header has-right-label gpt leaderboard "> <div id="leaderboard-flex-1" class="wrapper" ></div> </div> <div id="mm-ads-leaderboard-spacer_1-0" class="comp mm-ads-leaderboard-spacer mntl-block js-rollaway-spacer"></div><main id="main" class="loc main" role="main"><iframe id="height-change-listener" role="none" tabindex="-1" src="about:blank" aria-hidden="true"></iframe> <div id="skip-to-content" class="jump-link"></div> <article id="ref-article_1-0" class="comp ref-article mntl-article mntl-article--three-column right-rail" data-tracking-container="true"><div class="loc article-header"><div id="article-header-block_1-0" class="comp article-header-block mntl-block "><ul id="breadcrumbs_1-0" class="comp breadcrumbs mntl-universal-breadcrumbs mntl-block text-label-300 breadcrumbs" data-tracking-container="true"><li id="mntl-breadcrumbs__item_1-0" class="comp mntl-breadcrumbs__item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/humanities-4133358" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-text-link mntl-breadcrumbs__link" id="mntl-text-link_5-0" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Humanities</span></a> <span id="breadcrumbs__separator_1-0" class="comp breadcrumbs__separator mntl-text-block">›</span></li> <li id="mntl-breadcrumbs__item_2-0" class="comp mntl-breadcrumbs__item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/history-and-culture-4133356" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-text-link mntl-breadcrumbs__link" id="mntl-text-link_6-0" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">History & Culture</span></a> <span id="breadcrumbs__separator_2-0" class="comp breadcrumbs__separator mntl-text-block">›</span></li> <li id="mntl-breadcrumbs__item_3-0" class="comp mntl-breadcrumbs__item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/ancient-history-4133336" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-text-link mntl-breadcrumbs__link" id="mntl-text-link_7-0" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Ancient History and Culture</span></a> <span id="breadcrumbs__separator_3-0" class="comp breadcrumbs__separator mntl-text-block">›</span></li> <li id="mntl-breadcrumbs__item_4-0" class="comp mntl-breadcrumbs__item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/ancient-roman-history-4133328" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-text-link mntl-breadcrumbs__link" id="mntl-text-link_8-0" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Rome</span></a> <span id="breadcrumbs__separator_4-0" class="comp breadcrumbs__separator mntl-text-block">›</span></li></ul> <div id="article-heading_1-0" class="comp article-heading mntl-article-header"> <h1 class="article-heading text-headline-400">Who the Roman Consuls Were and How They Ruled Rome</h1> </div></div> </div><div class="loc article-post-header"><div id="post-header-social-block_1-0" class="comp post-header-social-block mntl-block"><div id="social-share-block_1-0" class="comp social-share-block mntl-block"><ul id="social-share_1-0" class="comp social-share mntl-social-share share" data-title="Who the Roman Consuls Were and How They Ruled Rome" document="StructuredContentDocumentEx{parent=BaseDocumentEx{templateType=STRUCTUREDCONTENT, documentId=120821, bestTitle='Who the Roman Consuls Were and How They Ruled Rome'}}" data-description="Learn about the ancient Roman political prize known as the position of consul and how it was used to unify a nation." data-tracking-container="true"> <li class="share-item share-item-facebook"> <span data-href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fwho-were-the-roman-consuls-120821%3Futm_source%3Dfacebook.com%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3Dsocial-share-article" data-network="facebook" data-click-tracked="true" class="share-link share-link-facebook" tabindex="0" title="Share on Facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" role="link"> <svg class="icon icon-facebook " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-facebook" href="#icon-facebook"></use> </svg> </span> </li> <li class="share-item share-item-flipboard"> <span data-href="https://share.flipboard.com/bookmarklet/popout?v=2&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fwho-were-the-roman-consuls-120821%3Futm_source%3Dflipit%26utm_medium%3Dweb%26utm_campaign%3Dwidgets%26utm_content%3Dwww.thoughtco.com&title=Who+the+Roman+Consuls+Were+and+How+They+Ruled+Rome&t=1743045712177" data-network="flipboard" data-click-tracked="true" class="share-link share-link-flipboard" tabindex="0" title="Share on Flipboard" aria-label="Share on Flipboard" role="link"> <svg class="icon icon-flipboard " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-flipboard" href="#icon-flipboard"></use> </svg> </span> </li> <li class="share-item share-item-email"> <span data-href="https://www.thoughtco.com/who-were-the-roman-consuls-120821?utm_source=emailshare&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=shareurlbuttons" data-network="emailshare" data-click-tracked="true" class="share-link share-link-email" tabindex="0" title="Email this article" aria-label="Email this article" role="link"> <svg class="icon icon-envelope " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-envelope" href="#icon-envelope"></use> </svg> </span> </li> </ul></div> <form id="print-button_1-0" class="comp print-button" method="POST" action="/who-were-the-roman-consuls-120821?print" target="_blank"> <button class="mntl-print-button__btn" aria-label="Print this article."> Print <svg class="icon icon-print mntl-print-button__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-print" href="#icon-print"></use> </svg> </button> <input type="hidden" value="true" name="print" /> <input type="hidden" value="4a907328b6fde6b847a8209ecee1e9c4" name="CSRFToken" /> </form></div> <figure id="figure-article_1-0" class="comp figure-article mntl-universal-primary-image lock-primary right-rail__offset figure-portrait primary-image"> <div class="primary-image__media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:193.8%;"> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ZB3EnwOFKpPza-UHigyOov8jQU8=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/consul-57be32cf5f9b5855e5a4bcbc" width="392" height="760" srcset="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/iKU4U6mdzX4dBa3orkuqBRXhvjQ=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/consul-57be32cf5f9b5855e5a4bcbc 750w" sizes="750px" alt="Le consul Flavius Felix. (1858)" class=" primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" onload="(function(e){e.classList.add('loaded')})(this)" style="--blurry: url('data:image/gif;charset=utf-8;base64,R0lGODlhBgALAPUAAAABAA4EABQIABQQACUdADYrAD8rAEozB083B0k6E11JFmJQImtXJG5ZLndiKX90NntsQ3l1UIFuNo56PYVzTYh/WJOAPIyJXpaKVpaOX46EaaCWUaGXUqaUVKuXXKaOYqGUcrCdYqqgWbKmXrWmb7SpZ8O5dMi0f8i7htbJhc7RtN/MpOjVmszMwtvdx+DfwOHfxuXkxeTiyeTiy+jmz+nn0Ojm2evp0vDu1fDu1/71zv//1vz64///8///9gABACwAAAAABgALAEUITQBlFCAxIIEJGhoIXGCBgkcKCws8VMjhQAQDAyBqbECgYEIGFQBcvIjRYkYDCR8gUMgRYoWADjpujHhwIAAGGhxO7CgRAQeMHjZ80AgIADs=')" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ZB3EnwOFKpPza-UHigyOov8jQU8=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/consul-57be32cf5f9b5855e5a4bcbc" width="392" height="760" class="loaded primary-img--noscript primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" srcset="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/iKU4U6mdzX4dBa3orkuqBRXhvjQ=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/consul-57be32cf5f9b5855e5a4bcbc 750w" sizes="750px" alt="Le consul Flavius Felix. (1858)" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption id="primary-image__figcap_1-0" class="comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><a href="https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e0-fb21-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">NYPL Digital Gallery</a></span> </figcaption></figure> </div><div class="loc article-left-rail"> <div id="breadcrumbs-list_2-0" class="comp breadcrumbs-list " data-tracking-container="true"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/history-and-culture-4133356" rel="nocaes" class="breadcrumbs-list-image" ><div class="loc image"><img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/MbxSdKcvs3dVP8888BFPz398xhQ=/150x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/left_rail_image_history-58a22da068a0972917bfb5b7.png" width="150" height="0" alt="History and Culture" class=" breadcrumbs-list-img mntl-image universal-image__image" /> </div></a> <span class="breadcrumbs-list-title"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/history-and-culture-4133356" rel="nocaes" >History & Culture</a> </span> <ul class="breadcrumbs-list-list"> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/ancient-history-4133336" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="1" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Ancient History and Culture <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> <ul class="breadcrumbs-list-submenu"> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item breadcrumbs-list-submenu-item is-active "> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/ancient-roman-history-4133328" rel="nocaes" data-subordinal="1" data-ordinal="1" class="breadcrumbs-list-link is-active" > <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon-active" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> Rome <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item breadcrumbs-list-submenu-item "> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/figures-and-events-in-ancient-history-4133333" rel="nocaes" data-subordinal="2" data-ordinal="1" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Figures & Events <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item breadcrumbs-list-submenu-item "> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/ancient-languages-4133334" rel="nocaes" data-subordinal="3" data-ordinal="1" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Ancient Languages <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item breadcrumbs-list-submenu-item "> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/ancient-greece-sparta-4133332" rel="nocaes" data-subordinal="4" data-ordinal="1" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Greece <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item breadcrumbs-list-submenu-item "> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/ancient-egypt-history-4133331" rel="nocaes" data-subordinal="5" data-ordinal="1" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Egypt <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item breadcrumbs-list-submenu-item "> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/ancient-asian-history-4133330" rel="nocaes" data-subordinal="6" data-ordinal="1" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Asia <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item breadcrumbs-list-submenu-item "> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/mythology-and-religion-4133326" rel="nocaes" data-subordinal="7" data-ordinal="1" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Mythology & Religion <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/american-history-4133354" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="2" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > American History <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/african-american-history-4133344" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="3" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > African American History <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/african-history-4133338" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="4" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > African History <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/asian-history-4133325" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="5" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Asian History <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/european-history-4133316" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="6" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > European History <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/genealogy-4133308" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="7" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Genealogy <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/inventions-4133303" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="8" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Inventions <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu is-collapsed"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/latin-american-history-4133296" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="9" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Latin American History <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu is-collapsed"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/medieval-and-renaissance-history-4133289" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="10" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Medieval & Renaissance History <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu is-collapsed"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/military-history-4133285" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="11" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Military History <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu is-collapsed"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/20th-century-4133273" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="12" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > The 20th Century <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu is-collapsed"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/womens-history-4133260" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="13" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Women's History <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/history-and-culture-4133356" rel="nocaes" class="text-btn" > <span class="text-btn__text-label">View More</span> <svg class="icon icon-caret-right text-btn-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a></div> </div><div class="loc article-pre-content"><div id="article-meta_1-0" class="comp article-meta mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true"><div id="reference-bylines_1-0" class="comp reference-bylines mntl-bylines right-rail__offset"><div id="mntl-bylines__group_1-0" class="comp mntl-bylines__group mntl-block mntl-bylines__group--author"><div id="mntl-bylines__item_1-0" class="comp mntl-bylines__item mntl-attribution__item mntl-attribution__item--has-date"> <span class="mntl-attribution__item-descriptor">By</span> <div data-tooltip="N.S. Gill is a Latinist, writer, and teacher of ancient history and Latin. She has been featured by NPR and National Geographic for her ancient history expertise." tabindex="0" data-inline-tooltip="true"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/ns-gill-111288" rel="nocaes" data-trigger-link="true" class="mntl-attribution__item-name" tabindex="-1" >N.S. Gill</a> <div id="mntl-author-tooltip_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip mntl-tooltip mntl-group "> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__top mntl-author-tooltip__top--no-image"> <div id="mntl-author-tooltip__name_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__name mntl-attribution__item "> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/ns-gill-111288" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-attribution__item-name" tabindex="0" >N.S. Gill</a> </div> <span id="mntl-author-tooltip__job-title_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__job-title mntl-text-block">Ancient History and Latin Expert</span> <ul id="mntl-author-tooltip__education_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__education mntl-block"><li id="mntl-author-tooltip__education-item_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__education-item mntl-text-block">M.A., Linguistics, University of Minnesota</li> <li id="mntl-author-tooltip__education-item_2-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__education-item mntl-text-block">B.A., Latin, University of Minnesota</li></ul> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__bio"> N.S. Gill is a Latinist, writer, and teacher of ancient history and Latin. She has been featured by NPR and National Geographic for her ancient history expertise. </div> </div> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__bottom"> <span class="mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-text">Learn about our</span> <a href="/about-us-4779650#toc-editorial-guidelines" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-link" >Editorial Process</a> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="mntl-attribution__item-date">Updated on February 28, 2020</div></div> </div></div> </div><div class="loc article-content"><div id="article__broad-video--jw_1-0" class="comp article__broad-video--jw mntl-jwplayer-broad mntl-block is-hidden" data-pixel-depth="100"><div id="mntl-jwplayer-broad__video_1-0" class="comp mntl-jwplayer-broad__video mntl-jwplayer mm-video lazyload" data-bgset data-sizes="auto"></div> <div id="mntl-jwplayer-broad__title_1-0" class="comp mntl-jwplayer-broad__title mntl-block"><div id="mntl-jwplayer-broad__title--text_1-0" class="comp mntl-jwplayer-broad__title--text mntl-text-block text-utility-100"></div> <button id="mntl-jwplayer-broad__title-icon--close_1-0" class="comp mntl-jwplayer-broad__title-icon--close mntl-block text-label-100" data-click-tracked="false"><span id="mntl-text-block_1-0" class="comp mntl-text-block">Close</span> <svg class="icon close-icon " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#close-icon" href="#close-icon"></use> </svg></button></div></div> <div id="article-content_1-0" class="comp article-content mntl-block"><div id="mntl-sc-page_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block structured-content expert-content" data-sc-sticky-offset="85" data-sc-ad-label-height="24" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="100" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-load-immediate="3" data-sc-content-positions="[1, 1050, 1250, 1550, 1950, 2350, 2750, 3150]" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true"><p id="mntl-sc-block_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> The consul was an elected Roman magistrate, with regal power during the Republican period of Roman history. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_2-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_3-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Following the expulsion of the kings of Rome, Rome became a Republic, with a new type of leader. For this purpose, the Romans invented the new position of consul (by 181 B.C., limited to men of at least 43 years of age). It conferred a limited term of absolute power; however, the power wielded was less than that of the king, since it was split between 2 men (consuls) and limited to a single year. Ten years were supposed to elapse before serving as consul a second time. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_4-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_5-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> The consul wore the toga <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/six-types-of-toga-in-ancient-rome-117805" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">praetexta</a>, carried a sceptre (<em>scipio eberneus</em>), was preceded by 12 (fasces-carrying) lictors, and sat on a special raised chair (<em>sella curulis</em>) in the Senate. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_6-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_7-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> The people, via the <em><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/ancient-roman-history-4133328" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">Comitia Centuriata</a></em> annually elected these 2 consuls during the Republic. During the Principate, the Senate appointed multiple consuls. Originally, the consuls came from the patricians. Later, they were chosen from either patrician or plebeian, and later, there was a requirement that at least one consul be plebeian. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_8-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_9-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Consuls were responsible for war, justice, and finance. Later, subordinate magistrates, like the quaestors, took over some of the consul's functions and power. Each consul could negate the other and was supposed to heed the advice of the Senate. The consul could be tried for misdeeds after his single-year term in office. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_10-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_11-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> A consul held <em>imperium</em>, had control of the army, and, following the end of his term in office, could look forward to governing a province as proconsul -- a position that tended to be lucrative. Julius Caesar, as proconsul, waged military campaigns in Gaul. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_12-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_13-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> The position of consul continued during the imperial period, when emperor was the highest office, but the power and term in office of the consul decreased, as his number increased. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_14-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-timeline-of-consuls-of-rome-from-509-bc-to-68-ad"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_15-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Timeline of Consuls of Rome from 509 B.C. to 68 A.D. </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_16-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Below you'll find a list of the Roman consuls (including Dictators, Suffect Consuls and Military <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/profile-of-roman-tribunes-118563" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">Tribunes</a> with consular power<strong>) </strong>from the start of the Republic to A.D. 68. Normally there were two consuls who were appointed each year by the <em>comitia centuriata</em>. A suffect consul replaced a man who died in office or resigned. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_17-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <figure id="mntl-sc-block_18-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-table mntl-sc-block-universal-table"> <div class="mntl-sc-block-universal-table__table-wrapper"> <table class="mntl-sc-block-universal-table__table"> <colgroup style="width: 50px;" span="1"></colgroup> <colgroup style="" span="1"></colgroup> <colgroup style="" span="1"></colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th>Year B.C.</th> <th>Consul one</th> <th>Consul two</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody data-check="0"> <tr> <td><strong>509</strong></td> <td>L. Iunius Brutus</td> <td>L. Tarquinius Collatinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><strong>Suffect Consuls</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>P. Valerius Poplicola I</td> <td>Sp. Lucretius Tricipitinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>M. Horatius Pulvillus I</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>508</strong></td> <td>P. Valerius Poplicola II</td> <td>T. Lucretius Tricipitinus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>507</strong></td> <td>P. Valerius Poplicola III</td> <td>M. Horatius Pulvillus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>506</strong></td> <td>Sp. Larcius Rufus (Flavus?) I?</td> <td>T. Herminius Aquilinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>505</strong></td> <td>M. Valerius (Volusus?)</td> <td>P. Postumius Tubertus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>504</strong></td> <td>P. Valerius Poplicola IV</td> <td>T. Lucretius Tricipitinus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>503</strong></td> <td>Agrippa Menenius Lanatus</td> <td>P. Postumius Tubertus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>502</strong></td> <td>Opiter Verginius Tricostus</td> <td>Sp. Cassius Vecellinus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>501</strong></td> <td>Postumius Cominus Auruncus I</td> <td>T. Larcius Flavus (Rufus?) I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>500</strong></td> <td>Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus</td> <td>M'. Tullius Longus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>499</strong></td> <td>T. Aebutius Helva</td> <td>C. (P.?) Veturius Geminus Cicurinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>498</strong></td> <td>Q. Cloelius Siculus</td> <td>T. Larcius Flavus (or Rufus) II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>497</strong></td> <td>A. Sempronius Atratinus I</td> <td>M. Minucius Augurinus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>496</strong></td> <td>A. Postumius Albus</td> <td>T. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>495</strong></td> <td>Ap. Claudius Sabinus Inregillensis</td> <td>P. Servilius Priscus Structus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>494</strong></td> <td>A. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus</td> <td>T. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>493</strong></td> <td>Postumius Cominus Auruncus II</td> <td>Sp. Cassius Vecellinus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>492</strong></td> <td>T. Geganius Macerinus</td> <td>P. Minucius Augurinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>491</strong></td> <td>M. Minucius Augurinus II</td> <td>A. Sempronius Atratinus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>490</strong></td> <td>Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus</td> <td>Sp. Larcius Flavus (or Rufus) I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>489</strong></td> <td>C. Iulius Iullus</td> <td>P. Pinarius Mamertinus Rufus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>488</strong></td> <td>Sp. Nautius Rutilus</td> <td>Sex. Furius Medullinus? Fusus?</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>487</strong></td> <td>T. Sicinus Sabinus ?</td> <td>C. Aquillius Tuscus ?</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>486</strong></td> <td>Sp. Cassius Vicellinus III</td> <td>Proculus Verginius Tricostus Rutilus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>485</strong></td> <td>Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis</td> <td>Q. Fabius Vibulanus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>484</strong></td> <td>L. Aemilius Mamercus I</td> <td>K. Fabius Vibulanus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>483</strong></td> <td>M. Fabius Vibulanus I</td> <td>L. Valerius Potitus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>482</strong></td> <td>Q. Fabius Vibulanus II</td> <td>C. Iulius Iullus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>481</strong></td> <td>K. Fabius Vibulanus II</td> <td>Sp. Furius Fusus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>480</strong></td> <td>M. Fabius Vibulanus</td> <td>Cn. Manlius Cincinnatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>479</strong></td> <td>K. Fabius Vibulanus II</td> <td>T. Verginius Tricostus Rutilus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>478</strong></td> <td>L. Aemilius Mamercus II</td> <td>C. Servilius Ahala</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><strong>Suffect Consul</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>(Opet. Verginius?) Esquilinus</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>477</strong></td> <td>C. (or M.?) Horatius Pulvillus I</td> <td>T. Menenius Lanatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>476</strong></td> <td>A. Verginius Tricostus Rutilus</td> <td>Sp.(or Ser.) Servilius Structus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>475</strong></td> <td>P. Valerius Poplicola I</td> <td>C. Nautius Rutilus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>474</strong></td> <td>L. Furius Medullinus</td> <td>A. Manlius Vulso</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>473</strong></td> <td>L. Aemilius Mamercus III</td> <td>Vopiscus Iulius Iullus OR<br/>Opet. Verginius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>472</strong></td> <td>L. Pinarius Mamercinus Rufus</td> <td>P. Furius Medullinus Fusus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>471</strong></td> <td>Ap. Claudius Crassinus Inregillensis Sabinus I</td> <td>T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>470</strong></td> <td>L. Valerius Potitus II</td> <td>Ti. Aemilius Mamercus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>469</strong></td> <td>T. Numicius Priscus</td> <td>A. Verginius Caeliomontanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td>468</td> <td>T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus II</td> <td>Q. Servilius Structus Priscus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>467</strong></td> <td>Ti. Aemilius Mamercus II</td> <td>Q. Fabius Vibulanus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>466</strong></td> <td>Q. Servilius Priscus II</td> <td>Sp. Postumius Albinus Regillensis</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>465</strong></td> <td>Q. Fabius Vibulanus II</td> <td>T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>464</strong></td> <td>A. Postumius Albinus Regillensis</td> <td>Sp. Furius Medullinus Fusus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>463</strong></td> <td>P. Servilius Priscus</td> <td>L. Aebutius Helva</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>462</strong></td> <td>L. Lucretius Tricipitinus</td> <td>T. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>461</strong></td> <td>P. Volumnius Amintinus Gallus</td> <td>Sp. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>460</strong></td> <td>P. Valerius Poplicola II</td> <td>C. Claudius Inregillensis Sabinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><strong>Suffect Consul</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Quinctius Cincinnatus I(?)</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>459</strong></td> <td>Q. Fabius Vibulanus III</td> <td>L. Cornelius Maluginensis Uritinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>458</strong></td> <td>C. Nautius Rutilus II</td> <td>----------------Carve[tus?] ?</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>457(1)</strong></td> <td>C. Horatius Pulvillus</td> <td>Q. Minucius Esquilinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>457(2)</strong></td> <td>L. Quinctius Cincinnatus II</td> <td>M. Fabius Vibulanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>456</strong></td> <td>M. Valerius Maximus Lactuca</td> <td>Sp. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>455</strong></td> <td>T. Romilius Rocus Vaticanus</td> <td>C. Veturius Cicurinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>454</strong></td> <td>Sp. Tarpeius Montanus Capitolinus</td> <td>A. Aeternius Varus Fontinalis</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>453</strong></td> <td>Sex. Quinctilius</td> <td>P. Curiatius Fistus Trigeminus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>452</strong></td> <td>T. Menenius Lanatus</td> <td>P. Sestius Capitolinus Vaticanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>451</strong></td> <td>Ap. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis Sabinus II</td> <td>T. Genucius Augurinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>450</strong></td> <td>Decemviri</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Ap. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis Sabinus</td> <td>M. Cornelius Maluginensis</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>M.? Sergius Esquilinus</td> <td>L. Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Q. Fabius Vibulanus</td> <td>Q. Poetelius Libo Visolus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>T. Antonius Merenda</td> <td>K. Duillius Longus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Sp. Oppius Cornicen</td> <td>M'. Rabuleius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>449</strong></td> <td>L. Valerius Potitus</td> <td>M. Horatius Barbatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>448</strong></td> <td>Lars (or Sp.) Hermenius Cortinesanus</td> <td>T. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>447</strong></td> <td>M. Geganius Macerinus II</td> <td>C. Iulius (Iullus?) I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>446</strong></td> <td>T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus IV</td> <td>Agrippa Furius Fusus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>445</strong></td> <td>M. Genucius Augurinus</td> <td>C. (or Agrippa) Curtius Philo (or Chilo)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>444</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>A. Sempronius Atratinus</td> <td>L. Atilius Luscus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>T. Cloelius Siculus</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>443</strong></td> <td>M. Geganius Macerinus II</td> <td>T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus V</td> </tr> <tr> <td>442</td> <td>M. Fabius Vibulanus</td> <td>Post. Aebutius Helva Cornicen</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>441</strong></td> <td>C. Furius Pacilus Fusus</td> <td>M'. Papirius Crassus</td> </tr> <tr> <td>440</td> <td>Proculus Geganius Macerinus</td> <td>T. Menenius Lanatus II OR<br/>L. Menenius Lanatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>439</strong></td> <td>Agrippa Menenius Lanatus</td> <td>T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus VI</td> </tr> <tr> <td>438</td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Mam. Aemilius (Macerinus?)</td> <td>L. Quinctius Cincinnatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. (or C.) Iulius Iullus</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>437</strong></td> <td>M. Geganius Macerinus III</td> <td>L. Sergius Fidenas I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>436</strong></td> <td>L. Papirius Crassus I?</td> <td>M. Cornelius Maluginensis</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>435</strong></td> <td>C. Iulius (Iullus?) II</td> <td>L. (or Proc.) Verginius Tricostus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>434 (1)</strong></td> <td>C. Iulius Iullus III</td> <td>L. (or Proc.) Verginius Tricostus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>434 (2)</strong></td> <td>M. Manlius Capitolinus (Vulso?)</td> <td>Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Praetextatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>434 (3)</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Ser. Cornelius Cossus</td> <td>M. Manlius Capitolinus (Vulso?)</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Praetextatus</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>433</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>M. Fabius Vibulanus</td> <td>M. Folius Flaccinator</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Sergius Fidenas</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>432</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Pinarius Mamercinus</td> <td>L. Furius Medullinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Sp. Postumius Albinus (Regellensis)</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>431</strong></td> <td>T. Quinctius Poenus Cincinnatus I</td> <td>C. (or Cn.) Iulius Mento</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>430</strong></td> <td>L. Papirius Crassus II</td> <td>L. Iulius Iullus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>429</strong></td> <td>Hostus Lucretius Tricipitinus</td> <td>L. Sergius Fidenas II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>428 (1)</strong></td> <td>A. Cornelius Cossus</td> <td>T. Quinctius Poenus Cincinnatus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>428 (2)</strong></td> <td>L. Quinctius (Cincinnatus ?)</td> <td>A. Sempronius (Atratinus)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>427</strong></td> <td>C. Servilius Structus Ahala</td> <td>L. Papirius Mugillanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td>426</td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>T. Quinctius Poenus Cincinnatus</td> <td>C. Furius Pacilus Fusus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>M. Postumius Albinus Regillensis</td> <td>A. Cornelius Cossus</td> </tr> <tr> <td>425</td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>A. Sempronius Atratinus</td> <td>L. Quinctius Cincinnatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Furius Medullinus</td> <td>L. Horatius Barbatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td>424</td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>(Ap.) Claudius Crassus</td> <td>Sp. Nautius Rutilus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Sergius Fidenas</td> <td>Sex. Iulius Iullus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>423</strong></td> <td>C. Sempronius Atratinus</td> <td>Q. Fabius Vibulanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td>422</td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Manlius Capitolinus</td> <td>Q. Antonius Merenda</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Papirius Mugillanus</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>421</strong></td> <td>Cn. (or N.) Fabius Vibulanus</td> <td>T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>420</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Quinctius Cincinnatus <em>or</em></td> <td>T. Quinctius Poenus Cincinnatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Furius Medullinus</td> <td>M. Manlius Vulso</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>A. Sempronius Atratinus</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>419</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Agrippa Menenius Lanatus</td> <td>P. Lucretius Tricipitinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Sp. Nautius Rutilus</td> <td>C. Servilius Axilla</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>418</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Sergius Fidenas</td> <td>M. Papirius Mugillanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>C. Servilius Axilla</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>417</strong></td> <td>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>T. Lucretius Tricipitinus</td> <td>Agrippa Menenius Lanatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Sp. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus OR</td> <td>Sp. Rutilius Crassus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>C. Servilius Axilla (or Structus)</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>416</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>A. Sempronius Atratinus</td> <td>M. Papirius Mugillanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Q. Fabius Vibulanus</td> <td>Sp. Nautius Rutilus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>415</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>P. Cornelius Cossus</td> <td>C. Valerius Potitus Volusus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>N. (or M.) Fabius Vibulanus</td> <td>Q. Quinctius Cincinnatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>414</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Cn. Cornelius Cossus</td> <td>L. Valerius Potitus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Q. Fabius Vibulanus</td> <td>P. Postumius Albinus Regillensis</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>413</strong></td> <td>A. (or M.?) Cornelius Cossus</td> <td>L. Furius Medullinus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>412</strong></td> <td>Q. Fabius Ambustus Vibulanus</td> <td>C. Furius Pacilus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>411</strong></td> <td>M. Papirius Mugillanus (or Atratinus?)</td> <td>Sp. (or C.) Nautius Rutilus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>410</strong></td> <td>M'. Aemilius Mamercinus</td> <td>C. Valerius Potitus Volusus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>409</strong></td> <td>Cn. Cornelius Cossus</td> <td>L. Furius Medullinus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>408</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>C. Iulius Iullus</td> <td>P. Cornelius Cossus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>C. Servilius Ahala</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>407</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Furius Medullinus</td> <td>C. Valerius Potitus Volusus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>N. (or Cn.) Fabius Vibulanus</td> <td>C. Servilius Ahala</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>406</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>P. Cornelius Rutilus Cossus</td> <td>Cn. Cornelius Cossus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>N. (or Cn.) Fabius Ambustus</td> <td>L. Valerius Potitus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>405</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus</td> <td>Q. Quinctius Cincinnatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>C. Iulius Iullus</td> <td>A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Furius Medullinus</td> <td>M'. Aemilius Mamercinus (or Mamercus)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>404</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>C. Valerius Potitus Volusus</td> <td>M'. Sergius Fidenas</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>P. Cornelius Maluginensis</td> <td>Cn. Cornelius Cossus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>K. Fabius Ambustus</td> <td>Sp. Nautius Rutilus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>403</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>M'. Aemilius Mamercinus (or Mamercus)</td> <td>L. Valerius Potitus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Ap. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis</td> <td>M. Quinctilius Varus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Iulius Iullus</td> <td>M. Furius Fusus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>? M. Postumius</td> <td>? M. Furius Camillus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>? M. Postumius Albinus Regillensis</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>402</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>C. Servilius Ahala</td> <td>Q. Servilius Fidenas</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Verginius Tricostus Esquilinus</td> <td>Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus</td> <td>M'. Sergius Fidenas</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>401</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Valerius Potitus</td> <td>M. Furius Camillus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>M'. Aemilius Mamercinus (or Mamercus)</td> <td>Cn. Cornelius Cossus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>K. Fabius Ambustus</td> <td>L. Iulius Iullus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>400</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>P. Licinius Calvus Esquilinus</td> <td>P. Manlius Vulso</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Titinius Pansa Saccus</td> <td>P. Maelius Capitolinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Sp. Furius Medullinus</td> <td>L. Publilius Philo Vulscus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>399</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Cn. Genucius Augurinus</td> <td>L. Atilius Priscus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>M. Pomponius Rufus</td> <td>C. Duillius Longus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>M. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus</td> <td>Voler. Publilius Philo</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>398</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Valerius Potitus</td> <td>M. Valerius Lactucinus Maximus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>M. Furius Camillus</td> <td>L. Furius Medullinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Q. Servilius Fidenas</td> <td>Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>397</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Iulius Iullus</td> <td>L. Furius Medullinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Sergius Fidenas</td> <td>A. Postumius Albinus Regillensis</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>P. Cornelius Maluginensis</td> <td>A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>396</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Titinius Pansa Saccus</td> <td>P. Licinius Calvus Esquilinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>P. Maelius Capitolinus</td> <td>Q. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus ?</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Cn. Genucius Augurinus</td> <td>L. Atilius Priscus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>395</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>P. Cornelius Cossus</td> <td>P. Cornelius Scipio</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>K. Fabius Ambustus</td> <td>L. Furius Medullinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Q. Servilius Fidenas</td> <td>M. Valerius Lactucinus Maximus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>394</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>M. Furius Camillus</td> <td>L. Furius Medullinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>C. Aemilius Mamercinus</td> <td>L. Valerius Poplicola</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Sp. Postumius Albinus Regillensis</td> <td>P. Cornelius (-----)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>393</strong></td> <td>L. Valerius Potitus I</td> <td>P. (Ser.?) Cornelius Maluginensis</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><strong>Suffect Consuls</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus</td> <td>Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>392</strong></td> <td>L. Valerius Potitus II</td> <td>M. Manlius Capitolinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>391</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus</td> <td>Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. ( M.?) Aemilius Mamercinus</td> <td>L. Furius Medullinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Agripp. Furius Fusus</td> <td>C. Aemilius Mamercinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>390</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Q. Fabius Ambustus</td> <td>K. Fabius Ambustus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>N. Fabius Ambustus</td> <td>Q. Sulpicius Longus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Q. Servilius Fidenas</td> <td>P. Cornelius Maluginensis</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>389</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Valerius Poplicola</td> <td>L. Verginius Tricostus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>P. Cornelius (-----)</td> <td>A. Manlius Capitolinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Aemilius Mamercinus</td> <td>L. Postumius Albinus Regillensis</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>388</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>T. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus</td> <td>Q. Servilius Fidenas</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Iulius Iullus</td> <td>L. Aquillius Corvus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Lucretius Flavus Tricipitinus</td> <td>Ser. Sulpicius Rufus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>387</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Papirius Cursor</td> <td>Cn. Sergius Fidenas Coxo</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Aemilius Mamercinus</td> <td>Licinius Menenius Lanatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Valerius Poplicola</td> <td>[uncertain]</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>386</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>M. Furius Camillus</td> <td>Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Q. Servilius Fidenas</td> <td>L. Quinctius Cincinnatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Horatius Pulvillus</td> <td>P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>385</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>A. Manlius (Capitolinus?)</td> <td>P. Cornelius (-----)</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>T. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus</td> <td>L. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Papirius Cursor</td> <td>Cn. Sergius Fidenas Coxo</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>384</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis</td> <td>P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>M. Furius Camillus</td> <td>Ser. Sulpicius Rufus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>C. Papirius Crassus</td> <td>T. Quinctius Cincinnatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>383</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Valerius Poplicola</td> <td>A. Manlius Capitolinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Ser. Sulpicius Rufus</td> <td>L. Lucretius Flavus Tricipitinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Aemilius Mamercinus</td> <td>M. Trebonius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>382</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Sp. Papirius Crassus</td> <td>L. Papirius Mugillanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis</td> <td>Q. Servilius Fidenas</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>C. Sulpicius Camerinus</td> <td>L. Aemilius Mamercinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>381</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>M. Furius Camillus</td> <td>A. Postumius Regillensis</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Postumius Regillensis</td> <td>L. Furius Medullinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus</td> <td>M. Fabius Ambustus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>380</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>(sources are confused here)</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Valerius Poplicola</td> <td>P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis</td> <td>Licinus Menenius Lanatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>C. Sulpicius Peticus</td> <td>L. Aemilius Mamercinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Cn. Sergius Fidenas Coxo</td> <td>Ti. Papirius Crassus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Papirius Mugillanus</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>379</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>P. Manlius Capitolinus</td> <td>C. Manlius (----)</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Iulius Iullus</td> <td>C. Sextilius (---)</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>M. Albinius (---)</td> <td>L. Antistius (---)</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>P. Trebonius (---)</td> <td>C. Erenucius (?) (---)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>378</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Sp. (L.?) Furius (-----)</td> <td>Q. Servilius Fidenas</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Licinus Menenius Lanatus</td> <td>P. Cloelius Siculus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>M. Horatius (----)</td> <td>L. Geganius Macerinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>377</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Aemilius Mamercinus</td> <td>P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>C. Veturius (Crassus Cicurinus ?)</td> <td>Ser. Sulpicius Rufus (<em>or</em> Praetextatus)</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Quinctius Cincinnatus</td> <td>C. Quinctius Cincinnatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>376</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Papirius (Mugillanus ?)</td> <td>Licinus Menenius Lanatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis</td> <td>Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>375</strong></td> <td>No Curule Magistrates Elected</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>374</strong></td> <td>No Curule Magistrates Elected</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>373</strong></td> <td>No Curule Magistrates Elected</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>372</strong></td> <td>No Curule Magistrates Elected</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>371</strong></td> <td>No Curule Magistrates Elected</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>370</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Furius Medullinus</td> <td>A. Manlius Capitolinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus</td> <td>Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola</td> <td>C. Valerius Potitus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>369</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Q. Servilius Fidenas</td> <td>C. Veturius (Crassus Cicurinus ?)</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>A. Cornelius Cossus</td> <td>M. Cornelius Maluginensis</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Q. Quinctius Cincinnatus</td> <td>M. Fabius Ambustus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>368</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>T. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus</td> <td>Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus</td> <td>Sp. Servilius Structus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Papirius Crassus</td> <td>L. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>367</strong></td> <td><strong>Military Tribunes with Consular Power</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>A. Cornelius Cossus</td> <td>M. Cornelius Maluginensis</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>M. Geganius Macerinus</td> <td>P. Manlius Capitolinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus</td> <td>P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>366</strong></td> <td>L. Aemilius Mamercinus (Mamercus ?) I</td> <td>L. Sextius Sextinus Lateranus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>365</strong></td> <td>L. Genucius Aventinensis I</td> <td>Q. Servilius Ahala I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>364</strong></td> <td>C. Sulpicius Peticus I</td> <td>C. Licinus Stolo (Calvus ?)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>363</strong></td> <td>Cn. Genucius Aventinensis</td> <td>L. Aemilius Mamercinus (Mamercus ?) II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>362</strong></td> <td>Q. Servilius Ahala II</td> <td>L. Genucius Aventinensis II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>361</strong></td> <td>C. Licinius Calvus (Stolo ?)</td> <td>C. Sulpicius Peticus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>360</strong></td> <td>M. Fabius Ambustus I</td> <td>C. Poetelius Libo Visolus (Balbus?) I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>359</strong></td> <td>M. Popillius Laenas I</td> <td>Cn. Manlius Capitolinus Imperiosus I?</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>358</strong></td> <td>C. Fabius Ambustus</td> <td>C. Plautius Proculus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>357</strong></td> <td>C. Marcius Rutilus I</td> <td>Cn. Manlius Capitolinus Imperiosus II?</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>356</strong></td> <td>M. Fabius Ambustus II</td> <td>M. Popillius Laenas II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>355</strong></td> <td>C. Sulpicius Peticus III</td> <td>M. Valerius Poplicola I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>354</strong></td> <td>M. Fabius Ambustus III</td> <td>T. Quinctius Poenus Capitolinus Crispinus I OR<br/>M. Popilius (Laenas) II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>353</strong></td> <td>C. Sulpicius Peticus IV</td> <td>M. Valerius Poplicola II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>352</strong></td> <td>P. Valerius Poplicola</td> <td>C. Marcius Rutilius II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>351</strong></td> <td>C. Sulpicius Peticus V</td> <td>T. Quinctius Poenus Capitolinus Crispinus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>350</strong></td> <td>M. Popillius Laenas II or III</td> <td>L. Cornelius Scipio</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>349 (1)</strong></td> <td>L. Furius Camillus</td> <td>Ap. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>349 (2)</strong></td> <td>M. Aemilius</td> <td>T. Quinctius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>348</strong></td> <td>M. Valerius Corvus I</td> <td>M. Popillius Laenas III or IV</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>347</strong></td> <td>C. Plautius Venno (Venox ?) I</td> <td>T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>346</strong></td> <td>M. Valerius Corvus II</td> <td>C. Poetelius Libo Visolus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>345</strong></td> <td>M. Fabius Dorsuo</td> <td>Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Rufus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>344</strong></td> <td>C. Marcius Rutilus III</td> <td>T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>343</strong></td> <td>M. Valerius Corvus III</td> <td>A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>342</strong></td> <td>Q. Servilius Ahala III</td> <td>C. Marcius Rutilus IV</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>341</strong></td> <td>C. Plautius Venno (Venox ?) II</td> <td>L. Aemilius Mamercinus Privernas I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>340</strong></td> <td>T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus III</td> <td>P. Decius Mus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>339</strong></td> <td>Ti. Aemilius Mamercinus</td> <td>Q. Publilius Philo I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>338</strong></td> <td>L. Furius Camillus I</td> <td>C. Maenius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>337</strong></td> <td>C. Sulpicius Longus I</td> <td>P. Aelius Paetus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>336</strong></td> <td>L. Papirius Crassus I</td> <td>K. Duillius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>335</strong></td> <td>M. Atilius Regulus Calenus</td> <td>M. Valerius Corvus IV</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>334</strong></td> <td>Sp. Postumius Albinus I</td> <td>T. Veturius Calvinus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>333</strong></td> <td>No consuls<br/>Dictator</td> <td>P. Cornelius Rufinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>332</strong></td> <td>Cn. Domitius Calvinus</td> <td>A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>331</strong></td> <td>C. Valerius Potitus</td> <td>M. Claudius Marcellus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>330</strong></td> <td>L. Papirius Crassus II</td> <td>L. Plautius Venno (Venox ?)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>329</strong></td> <td>L. Aemilius Mamercinus Privernas II</td> <td>C. Plautius Decianus I?</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>328</strong></td> <td>C. Plautius Decianus II OR<br/>P. Plautius Proculus</td> <td>P. Cornelius Scapula OR<br/>P. Cornelius Scipio Barbatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>327</strong></td> <td>L. Cornelius Lentulus</td> <td>Q. Publilius Philo II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>326</strong></td> <td>C. Poetelius Libo Visolus III</td> <td>L. Papirius Cursor I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>325</strong></td> <td>L. Furius Camillus II</td> <td>D. Iunius Brutus Scaeva</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>324</strong></td> <td>No consuls,<br/>only Dictator :</td> <td>L. Papirius Cursor</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>323</strong></td> <td>C. Sulpicius Longus II</td> <td>Q. Aulius Cerretanus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>322</strong></td> <td>Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus I</td> <td>L. Fulvius Curvus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>321</strong></td> <td>T. Veturius Calvinus II</td> <td>Sp. Postumius Albinus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>320</strong></td> <td>L. Papirius Cursor II</td> <td>Q. Publilius Philo III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>319</strong></td> <td>L. Papirius Cursor III</td> <td>Q. Aulius Cerretanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>318</strong></td> <td>M. Folius Flaccinator</td> <td>L. Plautius Venno (Venox ?)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>317</strong></td> <td>C. Iunius Bubulcus Brutus I</td> <td>Q. Aemilius Barbula I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>316</strong></td> <td>Sp. Nautius Rutilus</td> <td>M. Popilius Laenas</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>315</strong></td> <td>L. Papirius Cursor IV</td> <td>Q. Publilius Philo IV</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>314</strong></td> <td>M. Poetelius Libo</td> <td>C. Sulpicius Longus III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>313</strong></td> <td>L. Papirius Cursor V</td> <td>C. Iunius Bubulcus Brutus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>312</strong></td> <td>M. Valerius Maximus (Corvinus) I</td> <td>P. Decius Mus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>311</strong></td> <td>C. Iunius Bubulcus Brutus III</td> <td>Q. Aemilius Barbula II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>310</strong></td> <td>Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus II</td> <td>C. Marcius Rutilus (Censorinus)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>309</strong></td> <td>No Consuls,<br/>only Dictator :</td> <td>L. Papirius Cursor</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>308</strong></td> <td>P. Decius Mus II</td> <td>Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>307</strong></td> <td>Ap. Claudius Caecus I</td> <td>L. Volumnius Flamma Violens I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>306</strong></td> <td>Q. Marcius Tremulus I</td> <td>P. Cornelius Arvina I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>305</strong></td> <td>L. Postumius Megellus I</td> <td>Ti. Minucius Augurinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>304</strong></td> <td>P. Sempronius Sophus</td> <td>P. Sulpicius Saverrio</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>303</strong></td> <td>Ser. Cornelius Lentulus</td> <td>L. Genucius Aventinensis</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>302</strong></td> <td>M. Livius Denter</td> <td>M. Aemilius Paullus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>301</strong></td> <td>No Consuls, only Dictator :</td> <td>M. Valerius Maximus Rullianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>300</strong></td> <td>M. Valerius Maximus Corvus V</td> <td>Q. Appuleius Pansa</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>299</strong></td> <td>M. Fulvius Paetinus</td> <td>T. Manlius Torquatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><strong>Suffect Consul</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>M. Valerius Maximus Corvus VI</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>298</strong></td> <td>L. Cornelius Scipio Barbatus</td> <td>Cn. Fulvius Maximus Centumalus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>297</strong></td> <td>Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus IV</td> <td>P. Decius Mus III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>296</strong></td> <td>L. Volumnius Flamma Violens II</td> <td>Ap. Claudius Caecus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>295</strong></td> <td>Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus V</td> <td>P. Decius Mus IV</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>294</strong></td> <td>L. Postumius Megellus II</td> <td>M. Atilius Regulus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>293</strong></td> <td>L. Papirius Cursor I</td> <td>Sp. Carvilius Maximus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>292</strong></td> <td>Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges I</td> <td>D. Iunius Brutus Scaeva</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>291</strong></td> <td>L. Postumius Megellus III</td> <td>C. Iunius Bubulcus Brutus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>290</strong></td> <td>P. Cornelius Rufinus I</td> <td>M'. Curius Dentatus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>289</strong></td> <td>M. Valerius Maximus Corvinus II</td> <td>Q. Caedicius Noctua</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>288</strong></td> <td>Q. Marcius Tremulus II</td> <td>P. Cornelius Arvina II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>287</strong></td> <td>M. Claudius Marcellus</td> <td>C. Nautius Rutilus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>286</strong></td> <td>M. Valerius Maximus (Potitus ?)</td> <td>C. Aelius Paetus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>285</strong></td> <td>C. Claudius Canina I</td> <td>M. Aemilius Lepidus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>284</strong></td> <td>C. Servilius Tucca</td> <td>L. Caecilius Metellus Denter</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>283</strong></td> <td>P. Cornelius Dolabella</td> <td>Cn. Domitius Calvinus Maximus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>282</strong></td> <td>C. Fabricius Luscinus I</td> <td>Q. Aemilius Papus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>281</strong></td> <td>L. Aemilius Barbula</td> <td>Q. Marcius Philippus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>280</strong></td> <td>P. Valerius Laevinus</td> <td>Ti. Coruncanius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>279</strong></td> <td>P. Sulpicius Saverrio</td> <td>P. Decius Mus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>278</strong></td> <td>C. Fabricius Luscinus II</td> <td>Q. Aemilius Papus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>277</strong></td> <td>P. Cornelius Rufinus II</td> <td>C. Iunius Bubulcus Brutus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>276</strong></td> <td>Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges II</td> <td>C. Genucius Clepsina I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>275</strong></td> <td>M'. Curius Dentatus II</td> <td>L. Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>274</strong></td> <td>M'. Curius Dentatus III</td> <td>Ser. Cornelius Merenda</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>273</strong></td> <td>C. Fabius Licinus</td> <td>C. Claudius Canina II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>272</strong></td> <td>L. Papirius Cursor II</td> <td>Sp. Carvilius Maximus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>271</strong></td> <td>K. Quinctius Claudus</td> <td>L. Genucius Clepsina</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>270</strong></td> <td>C. Genucius Clepsina II</td> <td>Cn. Cornelius Blasio I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>269</strong></td> <td>Q. Ogulnius Gallus</td> <td>C. Fabius Pictor</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>268</strong></td> <td>P. Sempronius Sophus</td> <td>Ap. Claudius Pussus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>267</strong></td> <td>M. Atilius Regulus I</td> <td>L. Iulius Libo</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>266</strong></td> <td>D. Iunius Pera</td> <td>N. Fabius Pictor</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>265</strong></td> <td>Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges</td> <td>L. Mamilius Vitulus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>264</strong></td> <td>Ap. Claudius Caudex</td> <td>M. Fulvius Flaccus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>263</strong></td> <td>M'. Valerius Maximus Messala</td> <td>M'. Otacilius Crassus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>262</strong></td> <td>L. Postumius Megellus</td> <td>Q. Mamilius Vitulus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>261</strong></td> <td>L. Valerius Flaccus</td> <td>T. Otacilius Crassus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>260</strong></td> <td>Cn. Cornelius Scipio Asina I</td> <td>C. Duillius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>259</strong></td> <td>L. Cornelius Scipio</td> <td>C. Aquillius Florus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>258</strong></td> <td>A. Atilius Caiatinus I</td> <td>C. Sulpicius Paterculus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>257</strong></td> <td>C. Atilius Regulus I</td> <td>Cn. Cornelius Blasio II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>256</strong></td> <td>L. Manlius Vulso Longus I</td> <td>Q. Caedicius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>255</strong></td> <td>Ser. Fulvius Paetinus Nobilor</td> <td>M. Aemilius Paullus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>254</strong></td> <td>Cn. Cornelius Scipio Asina II</td> <td>A. Atilius Caiatinus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>253</strong></td> <td>Cn. Servilius Caepio</td> <td>C. Sempronius Blaesus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>252</strong></td> <td>C. Aurelius Cotta I</td> <td>P. Servilius Geminus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>251</strong></td> <td>L. Caecilius Metellus I</td> <td>C. Furius Pacilus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>250</strong></td> <td>C. Atilius Regulus II</td> <td>L. Manlius Vulso Longus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>249</strong></td> <td>P. Claudius Pulcher</td> <td>L. Iunius Pullus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>248</strong></td> <td>C. Aurelius Cotta II</td> <td>P. Servilius Geminus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>247</strong></td> <td>L. Caecilius Metellus II</td> <td>N. Fabius Buteo</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>246</strong></td> <td>M. Otacilius Crassus II</td> <td>M. Fabius Licinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>245</strong></td> <td>M. Fabius Buteo</td> <td>C. Atilius Bulbus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>244</strong></td> <td>A. Manlius Torquatus Atticus I</td> <td>C. Sempronius Blaesus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>243</strong></td> <td>C. Fundanius Fundulus</td> <td>C. Sulpicius Galus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>242</strong></td> <td>C. Lutatius Catulus</td> <td>A. Postumius Albinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>241</strong></td> <td>A. Manlius Torquatus Atticus II</td> <td>Q. Lutatius Cerco</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>240</strong></td> <td>C. Claudius Centho</td> <td>M. Sempronius Tuditanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>239</strong></td> <td>C. Mamilius Turrinus</td> <td>Q. Valerius Falto</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>238</strong></td> <td>Ti. Sempronius Gracchus</td> <td>P. Valerius Falto</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>237</strong></td> <td>L. Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus</td> <td>Q. Fulvius Flaccus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>236</strong></td> <td>P. Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus</td> <td>C. Licinius Varus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>235</strong></td> <td>T. Manlius Torquatus I</td> <td>C. Atilius Bulbus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>234</strong></td> <td>L. Postumius Albinus I</td> <td>Sp. Carvilius Maximus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>233</strong></td> <td>Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus I</td> <td>M'. Pomponius Matho</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>232</strong></td> <td>M. Aemilius Lepidus</td> <td>M. Publicius Malleolus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>231</strong></td> <td>M. Pomponius Matho</td> <td>C. Papirius Maso</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>230</strong></td> <td>M. Aemilius Barbula</td> <td>M. Iunius Pera</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>229</strong></td> <td>L. Postumius Albinus II</td> <td>Cn. Fulvius Centumalus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>228</strong></td> <td>Sp. Carvilius Maximus II</td> <td>Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>227</strong></td> <td>P. Valerius Flaccus</td> <td>M. Atilius Regulus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>226</strong></td> <td>M. Valerius Messalla</td> <td>L. Apustius Fullo</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>225</strong></td> <td>L. Aemilius Papus</td> <td>C. Atilius Regulus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>224</strong></td> <td>T. Manlius Torquatus II</td> <td>Q. Fulvius Flaccus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>223</strong></td> <td>C. Flaminius I</td> <td>P. Furius Philus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>222</strong></td> <td>M. Claudius Marcellus I</td> <td>Cn. Cornelius Scipio Calvus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>221</strong></td> <td>P. Cornelius Scipio Asina</td> <td>M. Minucius Rufus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>220 (1)</strong></td> <td>M. Valerius Laevinus I</td> <td>Q. Mucius Scaevola</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>220 (2)</strong></td> <td>C. Lutatius Catulus</td> <td>L. Veturius Philo</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>219</strong></td> <td>L. Aemilius Paullus I</td> <td>M. Livius Salinator I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>218</strong></td> <td>P. Cornelius Scipio</td> <td>Ti. Sempronius Longus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>217</strong></td> <td>Cn. Servilius Geminus</td> <td>C. Flaminius II</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><strong>Suffect Consul</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>M. Atilius Regulus II</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>216</strong></td> <td>C. Terrentius Varro</td> <td>L. Aemilius Paullus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>215</strong></td> <td>L. Postumius Albinus III</td> <td>Ti. Sempronius Gracchus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><strong>Suffect Consuls</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>M. Claudius Marcellus II</td> <td>Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>214</strong></td> <td>Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus IV</td> <td>M. Claudius Marcellus III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>213</strong></td> <td>Q. Fabius Maximus</td> <td>Ti. Sempronius Gracchus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>212</strong></td> <td>Q. Fulvius Flaccus III</td> <td>Ap. Claudius Pulcher</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>211</strong></td> <td>Cn. Fulvius Centumalus Maximus</td> <td>P. Sulpicius Galba Maximus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>210</strong></td> <td>M. Claudius MarcellusIV</td> <td>M. Valerius Laevinus II?</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>209</strong></td> <td>Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus V</td> <td>Q. Fulvius Flaccus IV</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>208</strong></td> <td>M. Claudius Marcellus V</td> <td>T. Quinctius Crispinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>207</strong></td> <td>C. Claudius Nero</td> <td>M. Livius Salinator II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>206</strong></td> <td>L. Veturius Philo</td> <td>Q. Caecilius Metellus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>205</strong></td> <td>P. Cornelius Scipio (Africanus) I</td> <td>P. Licinius Crassus Dives</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>204</strong></td> <td>M. Cornelius Cethegus</td> <td>P. Sempronius Tuditanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>203</strong></td> <td>Cn. Servilius Caepio</td> <td>C. Servilius Geminus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>202</strong></td> <td>M. Servilius Pulex Geminus</td> <td>Ti. Claudius Nero</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>201</strong></td> <td>Cn. Cornelius Lentulus</td> <td>P. Aelius Paetus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>200</strong></td> <td>P. Sulpicius Galba II</td> <td>C. Aurelius Cotta</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>199</strong></td> <td>L. Cornelius Lentulus</td> <td>P. Villius Tappulus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>198</strong></td> <td>Sex. Aelius Paetus</td> <td>T. Quinctius Flamininus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>197</strong></td> <td>C. Cornelius Cethegus</td> <td>Q. Minucius Rufus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>196</strong></td> <td>L. Furius Pupurio</td> <td>M. Claudius Marcellus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>195</strong></td> <td>L. Valerius Flaccus</td> <td>M. Porcius Cato</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>194</strong></td> <td>P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus II</td> <td>Ti. Sempronius Longus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>193</strong></td> <td>L. Cornelius Merula</td> <td>Q. Minucius Thermus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>192</strong></td> <td>L. Quinctius Flamininus</td> <td>Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>191</strong></td> <td>P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica</td> <td>M'. Acilius Glabrio</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>190</strong></td> <td>L. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus</td> <td>C. Laelius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>189</strong></td> <td>M. Fulvius Nobilior</td> <td>Cn. Manlius Vulso</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>188</strong></td> <td>M. Valerius Messalla</td> <td>C. Livius Salinator</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>187</strong></td> <td>M. Aemilius Lepidus I</td> <td>C. Flaminius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>186</strong></td> <td>Sp. Postumius Albinus</td> <td>Q. Marcius Philippus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>185</strong></td> <td>Ap. Claudius Pulcher</td> <td>M. Sempronius Tuditanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>184</strong></td> <td>P. Claudius Pulcher</td> <td>L. Porcius Licinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>183</strong></td> <td>M. Claudius Marcellus</td> <td>Q. Fabius Labeo</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>182</strong></td> <td>Cn. Baebius Tamphilus</td> <td>L. Aemilius Paullus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>181</strong></td> <td>P. Cornelius Cethegus</td> <td>M. Baebius Tamphilus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>180</strong></td> <td>A. Postumius Albinus</td> <td>C. Calpurnius Piso</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><strong>Suffect Consul</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Q. Fulvius Flaccus</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>179</strong></td> <td>Q. Fulvius Flaccus</td> <td>L. Manlius Acidinus Fulvianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>178</strong></td> <td>M. Iunius Brutus</td> <td>A. Manlius Vulso</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>177</strong></td> <td>C. Claudius Pulcher</td> <td>Ti. Sempronius Gracchus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>176</strong></td> <td>Cn. Cornelius Scipio Hispallus</td> <td>Q. Petillius Spurinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>175</strong></td> <td>P. Mucius Scaevola</td> <td>M. Aemilius Lepidus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>174</strong></td> <td>Sp. Postumius Albinus Paullulus</td> <td>Q. Mucius Scaevola</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>173</strong></td> <td>L. Postumius Albinus</td> <td>M. Popillius Laenas</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>172</strong></td> <td>C. Popillius Laenas I</td> <td>P. Aelius Ligus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>171</strong></td> <td>P. Licinius Crassus</td> <td>C. Cassius Longinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>170</strong></td> <td>A. Hostilius Mancinus</td> <td>A. Atilius Serranus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>169</strong></td> <td>Q. Marcius Philippus II</td> <td>Cn. Servius Caepio</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>168</strong></td> <td>L. Aemilius Paullus II</td> <td>C. Licinius Crassus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>167</strong></td> <td>Q. Aelius Paetus</td> <td>M. Iunius Pennus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>166</strong></td> <td>M. Claudius Marcellus I</td> <td>C. Sulpicius Galus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>165</strong></td> <td>T. Manlius Torquatus</td> <td>Cn. Octavius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>164</strong></td> <td>A. Manlius Torquatus</td> <td>Q. Cassius Longinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>163</strong></td> <td>Ti. Sempronius Gracchus II</td> <td>M'. Iuventius Thalna</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>162</strong></td> <td>P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica I</td> <td>C. Marcius Figulus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><strong>Suffect Consuls</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>P. Cornelius Lentulus</td> <td>Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>161</strong></td> <td>M. Valerius Messalla</td> <td>C. Fannius Strabo</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>160</strong></td> <td>L. Anicius Gallus</td> <td>M. Cornelius Cethegus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>159</strong></td> <td>Cn. Cornelius Dolabella</td> <td>M. Fulvius Nobilior</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>158</strong></td> <td>M. Aemilius Lepidus</td> <td>C. Popillius Laenas</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>157</strong></td> <td>Sex. Iulius Caesar</td> <td>L. Aurelius Orestes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>156</strong></td> <td>L. Cornelius Lentulus Lupus</td> <td>C. Marcius Figulus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>155</strong></td> <td>P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica II</td> <td>M. Claudius Marcellus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>154</strong></td> <td>Q. Opimius</td> <td>L. Postumius Albinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>153</strong></td> <td>Q. Fulvius Nobilior</td> <td>T. Annius Luscus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>152</strong></td> <td>M. Claudius Marcellus III</td> <td>L. Valerius Flaccus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>151</strong></td> <td>L. Licinius Lucullus</td> <td>A. Postumius Albinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>150</strong></td> <td>M'. Acilius Balbus</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>149</strong></td> <td>L. Marcius Censorinus</td> <td>M'. Manlius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>148</strong></td> <td>Sp. Postumius Albinus Magnus</td> <td>L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>147</strong></td> <td>P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus Aemilianus I</td> <td>C. Livius Drusus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>146</strong></td> <td>Cn. Cornelius Lentulus</td> <td>L. Mummius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>145</strong></td> <td>Q. Fabius Maximus Aemilianus</td> <td>L. Hostilius Mancinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>144</strong></td> <td>Ser. Sulpicius Galba</td> <td>L. Aurelius Cotta</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>143</strong></td> <td>Ap. Claudius Pulcher</td> <td>Q. Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>142</strong></td> <td>L. Caecilius Metellus Calvus</td> <td>Q. Fabius Maximus Servilianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>141</strong></td> <td>Cn. Servilius Caepio</td> <td>Q. Pompeius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>140</strong></td> <td>C. Laelius (Sapiens)</td> <td>Q. Servilius Caepio</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>139</strong></td> <td>Cn. Calpurnius Piso</td> <td>M. Popilius Laenas</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>138</strong></td> <td>P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio</td> <td>D. Iunius Brutus (Callaicus)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>137</strong></td> <td>M. Aemilius Lepidus Porcina</td> <td>C. Hostilius Mancinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>136</strong></td> <td>L. Furius Philus</td> <td>Sex. Atilius Serranus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>135</strong></td> <td>Ser. Fulvius Flaccus</td> <td>Q. Calpurnius Piso</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>134</strong></td> <td>P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus Aemilianus II</td> <td>C. Fulvius Flaccus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>133</strong></td> <td>P. Mucius Scaevola</td> <td>L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>132</strong></td> <td>P. Popilius Laenas</td> <td>P. Rupilius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>131</strong></td> <td>P. Licinius Dives Crassus Mucianus</td> <td>L. Valerius Flaccus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>130</strong></td> <td>L. Cornelius Lentulus</td> <td>M. Perperna</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><strong>Suffect Consul</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Ap. Claudius Nero</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>129</strong></td> <td>C. Sempronius Tuditanus</td> <td>M'. Aquillius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>128</strong></td> <td>Cn. Octavius</td> <td>T. Annius Rufus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>127</strong></td> <td>L. Cassius Longinus Ravilla</td> <td>L. Cornelius Cinna</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>126</strong></td> <td>M. Aemilius Lepidus</td> <td>L. Aurelius Orestes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>125</strong></td> <td>M. Plautius Hypsaeus</td> <td>M. Fulvius Flaccus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>124</strong></td> <td>C. Cassius Longinus</td> <td>C. Sextius Calvinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>123</strong></td> <td>Q. Caecilius Metellus (Baliaricus)</td> <td>T. Quinctius Flamininus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>122</strong></td> <td>Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus</td> <td>C. Fannius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>121</strong></td> <td>L. Opimius</td> <td>Q. Fabius Maximus (Allobrogicus)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>120</strong></td> <td>P. Manilius</td> <td>C. Papirius Carbo</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>119</strong></td> <td>L. Caecilius Metellus (Delmaticus)</td> <td>L. Aurelius Cotta</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>118</strong></td> <td>M. Porcius Cato</td> <td>Q. Marcius Rex</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>117</strong></td> <td>L. Caecilius Metellus Diadematus</td> <td>Q. Mucius Scaevola (Augur)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>116</strong></td> <td>C. Licinius Geta</td> <td>Q. Fabius Maximus Eburnus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>115</strong></td> <td>M. Aemilius Scaurus</td> <td>M. Caecilius Metellus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>114</strong></td> <td>M'. Acilius Balbus</td> <td>C. Porcius Cato</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>113</strong></td> <td>C. Caecilius Metellus Caprarius</td> <td>Cn. Papirius Carbo</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>112</strong></td> <td>M. Livius Drusus</td> <td>L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>111</strong></td> <td>P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio</td> <td>L. Calpurnius Bestia</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>110</strong></td> <td>M. Minucius Rufus</td> <td>Sp. Postumius Albinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>109</strong></td> <td>Q. Caecilius Metellus (Numidicus)</td> <td>M. Iunius Silanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>108</strong></td> <td>Ser. Sulpicius Galba</td> <td>L. (or Q.?) Hortensius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>107</strong></td> <td>L. Cassius Longinus</td> <td>C. Marius I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>106</strong></td> <td>Q. Servilius Caepio</td> <td>C. Atilius Serranus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>105</strong></td> <td>P. Rutilius Rufus</td> <td>Cn. Mallius Maximus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>104</strong></td> <td>C. Marius II</td> <td>C. Flavius Fimbria</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>103</strong></td> <td>C. Marius III</td> <td>L. Aurelius Orestes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>102</strong></td> <td>C. Marius IV</td> <td>Q. Lutatius Catulus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>101</strong></td> <td>C. Marius V</td> <td>M'. Aquillius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>100</strong></td> <td>C. Marius VI</td> <td>L. Valerius Flaccus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>99</strong></td> <td>M. Antonius</td> <td>A. Postumius Albinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>98</strong></td> <td>Q. Caecilius Metellus Nepos</td> <td>T. Didius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>97</strong></td> <td>Cn. Cornelius Lentulus</td> <td>P. Licinius Crassus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>96</strong></td> <td>Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus</td> <td>C. Cassius Longinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>95</strong></td> <td>L. Licinius Crassus</td> <td>Q. Mucius Scaevola</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>94</strong></td> <td>C. Coelius Caldus</td> <td>L. Domitius Ahenobarbus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>93</strong></td> <td>C. Valerius Flaccus</td> <td>M. Herennius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>92</strong></td> <td>C. Claudius Pulcher</td> <td>M. Perperna</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>91</strong></td> <td>L. Marcius Philippus</td> <td>Sex. Iulius Caesar</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>90</strong></td> <td>L. Iulius Caesar</td> <td>P. Rutilius Lupus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>89</strong></td> <td>Cn. Pompeius Strabo</td> <td>L. Porcius Cato</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>88</strong></td> <td>L. Cornelius Sulla (Felix) I</td> <td>Q. Pompeius Rufus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>87</strong></td> <td>Cn. Octavius</td> <td>L. Cornelius Cinna I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>86</strong></td> <td>L. Cornelius Cinna II</td> <td>C. Marius VII</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><strong>Suffect Consul</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Valerius Flaccus</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>85</strong></td> <td>L. Cornelius Cinna III</td> <td>Cn. Papirius Carbo I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>84</strong></td> <td>Cn. Papirius Carbo II</td> <td>L. Cornelius Cinna IV</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>83</strong></td> <td>L. Cornelius Scipio Asiagenus</td> <td>C. Norbanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>82</strong></td> <td>C. Marius</td> <td>Cn. Papirius Carbo III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>81</strong></td> <td>M. Tullius Decula</td> <td>Cn. Cornelius Dolabella</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>80</strong></td> <td>L. Cornelius Sulla Felix II</td> <td>Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>79</strong></td> <td>P. Servilius Vatia (Isauricus)</td> <td>Ap. Claudius Pulcher</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>78</strong></td> <td>M. Aemilius Lepidus</td> <td>Q. Lutatius Catulus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>77</strong></td> <td>D. Iunius Brutus</td> <td>Mam. Aemilius Lepidus Livianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>76</strong></td> <td>Cn. Octavius</td> <td>C. Scribonius Curio</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>75</strong></td> <td>L. Octavius</td> <td>C. Aurelius Cotta</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>74</strong></td> <td>L. Licinius Lucullus</td> <td>M. Aurelius Cotta</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>73</strong></td> <td>M. Terrentius Varro Lucullus</td> <td>C. Cassius Longinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>72</strong></td> <td>L. Gellius</td> <td>Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>71</strong></td> <td>P. Cornelius Lentulus Sura</td> <td>Cn. Aufidius Orestes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>70</strong></td> <td>Cn. Pompeius (Magnus) I</td> <td>M. Licinius Crassus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>69</strong></td> <td>Q. Hortensius Hortalus</td> <td>Q. Caecilius Metellus (Creticus)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>68</strong></td> <td>L. Caecilius Metellus</td> <td>Q. Marcius Rex</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>67</strong></td> <td>C. Calpurnius Piso</td> <td>M'. Acilius Glabrio</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>66</strong></td> <td>M'. Aemilius Lepidus</td> <td>L. Volcatius Tullus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>65</strong></td> <td>L. Aurelius Cotta</td> <td>L. Manlius Torquatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>64</strong></td> <td>L. Iulius Caesar</td> <td>C. Marcius Figulus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>63</strong></td> <td>M. Tullius Cicero</td> <td>C. Antonius (Hibrida)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>62</strong></td> <td>D. Iunius Silanus</td> <td>L. Licinius Murena</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>61</strong></td> <td>M. Pupius Piso Frugi Calpurnianus</td> <td>M. Valerius Messalla Niger</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>60</strong></td> <td>Q. Caecilius Metellus Celer</td> <td>L. Afranius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>59</strong></td> <td>C. Iulius Caesar I</td> <td>M. Calpurnius Bibulus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>58</strong></td> <td>L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus</td> <td>A. Gabinius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>57</strong></td> <td>P. Cornelius Lentulus Spinther</td> <td>Q. Caecilius Metellus Nepos</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>56</strong></td> <td>Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus</td> <td>L. Marcius Philippus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>55</strong></td> <td>Cn. Pompeius (Magnus) II</td> <td>M. Licinius Crassus Dives II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>54</strong></td> <td>L. Domitius Ahenobarbus</td> <td>Ap. Claudius Pulcher</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>53</strong></td> <td>Cn. Domitius Calvinus I</td> <td>M. Valerius Messalla Rufus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>52</strong></td> <td>Cn. Pompeius (Magnus) III</td> <td>Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>51</strong></td> <td>Ser. Sulpicius Rufus</td> <td>M. Claudius Marcellus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>50</strong></td> <td>L. Aemilius Lepidus Paullus</td> <td>C. Claudius Marcellus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>49</strong></td> <td>C. Claudius Marcellus</td> <td>L. Cornelius Lentulus Crus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>48</strong></td> <td>C. Iulius Caesar II</td> <td>P. Servilius Isauricus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>47</strong></td> <td>Q. Fufius Calenus</td> <td>P. Vatinius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>46</strong></td> <td>C. Iulius Caesar III</td> <td>M. Aemilius Lepidus I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>45</strong></td> <td>C. Iulius Caesar IV (sole cos. till Oct.)</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><strong>Suffect Consuls</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Q. Fabius Maximus</td> <td>C. Trebonius</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>C. Caninius Rubilus</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>44</strong></td> <td>C. Iulius Caesar V</td> <td>M. Antonius I</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>43</strong></td> <td>C. Vibius Pansa</td> <td>A. Hirtius</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><strong>Suffect Consuls</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>C. Iulius Caesar (Octavianus) I</td> <td>Q. Pedius</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>C. Carrinas</td> <td>P. Ventidius Bassus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>42</strong></td> <td>M. Aemilius Lepidus II</td> <td>L. Munatius Plancus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>41</strong></td> <td>L. Antonius (Pietas)</td> <td>P. Servilius (Vatia) Isauricus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>40</strong></td> <td>Cn. Domitius Calvinus II</td> <td>C. Asinius Pollio</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><strong>Suffect Consuls</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Cornelius Balbus</td> <td>P. Canidius Crassus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>39</strong></td> <td>L. Marcius Censorinus</td> <td>C. Calvisius Sabinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><strong>Suffect Consuls</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>C. Cocceius Balbus</td> <td>P. Alfenus Varus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>38</strong></td> <td>Ap. Claudius Pulcher</td> <td>C. Norbanus Flaccus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><strong>Suffect Consuls</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Cornelius Lentulus</td> <td>C. Norbanus Flaccus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>37</strong></td> <td>M. Vipsanius Agrippa</td> <td>L. Caninius Gallus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><strong>Suffect Consul</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>T. Statilius Taurus</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>36</strong></td> <td>L. Gellius Publicola</td> <td>M. Cocceius Nerva</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><strong>Suffect Consuls</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Nonius Asprenas</td> <td>- Marcius --</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>35</strong></td> <td>Sex. Pompeius</td> <td>L. Cornuficius</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><strong>Suffect Consuls</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>P. Cornelius Scipio?</td> <td>T. Peducaeus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>34</strong></td> <td>M. Antonius II</td> <td>L. Scribonius Libo</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><strong>Suffect Consuls</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Sempronius Atratinus</td> <td>Paullus Aemilius Lepidus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>C. Memmius</td> <td>M. Herennius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>33</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar (C. Iulius Caesar Octavianus) II</td> <td>L. Volcatius Tullus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><strong>Suffect Consuls</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Antonius Paetus</td> <td>L. Flavius</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>C. Fonteius Capito</td> <td>M. Acilius Glabrio</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Vinicius</td> <td>Q. Laronius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>32</strong></td> <td>Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus</td> <td>C. Sosius</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><strong>Suffect Consuls</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>L. Cornelius (Cinna)</td> <td>M. Valerius Messalla</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>31</strong></td> <td>M. Antonius III</td> <td>Imp. Caesar (C. Iulius Caesar Octavianus) III</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><strong>Suffect Consuls</strong></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus</td> <td>M. Titius</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Cn. Pompeius</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>30</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar (C. Iulius Caesar Octavianus)</td> <td>M. Licinius Crassus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>29</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar (C. Iulius Caesar Octavianus)</td> <td>Sex. Appuleius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>28</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar (C. Iulius Caesar Octavianus)</td> <td>M. Vipsanius Agrippa</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>27</strong></td> <td>Augustus</td> <td>M. Vipsanius Agrippa</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>26</strong></td> <td>Augustus</td> <td>T. Statilius Taurus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>25</strong></td> <td>Augustus</td> <td>M. Junius Silanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>24</strong></td> <td>Augustus</td> <td>C. Norbanus Flaccus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>23</strong></td> <td>Augustus</td> <td>A. Terentius Varro Murena</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>22</strong></td> <td>L. Arruntius</td> <td>M. Claudius Marcellus Aeserninus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>21</strong></td> <td>Q. Aemilius Lepidus</td> <td>M. Lollius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>20</strong></td> <td>M. Appuleius</td> <td>P. Silius Nerva</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>19</strong></td> <td>Q. Lucretius Vespillo</td> <td>C. Sentius Saturninus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>18</strong></td> <td>Cn. Cornelius Lentulus</td> <td>P. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>17</strong></td> <td>C. Furnius</td> <td>C. Junius Silanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>16</strong></td> <td>P. Cornelius Scipio</td> <td>L. Domitius Ahenobarbus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>15</strong></td> <td>L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi</td> <td>M. Livius Drusus Libo</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>14</strong></td> <td>Cn. Cornelius Lentulus</td> <td>M. Licinius Crassus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>13</strong></td> <td>Tiberius</td> <td>P. Quinctilius Varus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>12</strong></td> <td>P. Sulpicius Quirinus</td> <td>M. Valerius Messalla Barbatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>11</strong></td> <td>Paullus Fabius Maximus</td> <td>Q. Aelius Tubero</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>10</strong></td> <td>Africanus Fabius Maximus</td> <td>Iulus Antonius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>9</strong></td> <td>Nero Claudius Drusus</td> <td>T. Quinctius Crispinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>8</strong></td> <td>C. Asinius Gallus</td> <td>C. Marcius Censorinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>7</strong></td> <td>Tiberius</td> <td>Cn. Calpurnius Piso</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>6</strong></td> <td>C. Antistius Vetus</td> <td>Decimus Laelius Balbus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>5</strong></td> <td>Augustus</td> <td>L. Cornelius Sulla</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>4</strong></td> <td>C. Calvisius Sabinus</td> <td>L. Passienus Rufus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>3</strong></td> <td>L. Cornelius Lentulus</td> <td>M. Valerius Messalla</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>2</strong></td> <td>Augustus</td> <td>M. Plautius Silvanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>1</strong></td> <td>Cossus Cornelius Lentulus</td> <td>L. Calpurnius Piso</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>A.D.</strong></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>1</strong></td> <td>C. Caesar</td> <td>L. Aemilius Paullus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>2</strong></td> <td>P. Alfenus Varus</td> <td>P. Vinicius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>3</strong></td> <td>M. Servilius</td> <td>L. Aelius Lamia</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>4</strong></td> <td>Sex. Aelius Catus</td> <td>C. Sentius Saturninus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>5</strong></td> <td>Cn. Cornelius Cinna Magnus</td> <td>L. Valerius Messalla Volesus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>6</strong></td> <td>M. Aemilius Lepidus</td> <td>L. Arruntius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>7</strong></td> <td>Q. Caecilius Metellus Creticus Silanus</td> <td>A. Licinius Nerva Silianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>8</strong></td> <td>M. Furius Camillus</td> <td>Sex. Nonius Quinctilianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>9</strong></td> <td>Q. Sulpicius Camerinus</td> <td>C. Poppaeus Sabinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>10</strong></td> <td>P. Cornelius Dolabella</td> <td>C. Junius Silanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>11</strong></td> <td>M. Aemilius Lepidus</td> <td>T. Statilius Taurus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>12</strong></td> <td>Germanicus Caesar</td> <td>C. Fonteius Capito</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>13</strong></td> <td>L. Munatius Plancus</td> <td>C. Silius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>14</strong></td> <td>Sex. Appuleius</td> <td>Sex. Pompeius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>15</strong></td> <td>Drusus Caesar</td> <td>C. Norbanus Flaccus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>16</strong></td> <td>Sisenna Statilius Taurus</td> <td>L. Scribonius Libo</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>17</strong></td> <td>L. Pomponius Flaccus</td> <td>C. Caelius Rufus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>18</strong></td> <td>Tiberius</td> <td>Germanicus Caesar</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>19</strong></td> <td>M. Junius Silanus Torquatus</td> <td>L. Norbanus Balbus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>20</strong></td> <td>M. Valerius Messalla</td> <td>M. Aurelius Cotta</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>21</strong></td> <td>Tiberius</td> <td>his son Drusus Caesar</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>22</strong></td> <td>Decimus Haterius Agrippa</td> <td>C. Sulpicius Galba</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>23</strong></td> <td>C. Asinius Pollio</td> <td>C. Antistius Vetus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>24</strong></td> <td>Ser. Cornelius Cethegus</td> <td>L. Visellius Varro</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>25</strong></td> <td>Cossus Cornelius Lentulus</td> <td>M. Asinius Agrippa</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>26</strong></td> <td>Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus</td> <td>C. Calvisius Sabinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>27</strong></td> <td>M. Licinius Crassus Frugi</td> <td>L. Calpurnius Piso</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>28</strong></td> <td>C. Appius Junius Silanus</td> <td>P. Silius Nerva</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>29</strong></td> <td>L. Rubellius Geminus</td> <td>C. Fufius Geminus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>30</strong></td> <td>M. Vinicius</td> <td>L. Cassius Longinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>31</strong></td> <td><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/tiberius-roman-emperor-121262" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">Tiberius</a></td> <td>L. Aelius Sejanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>32</strong></td> <td>Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus</td> <td>L. Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>33</strong></td> <td>Galba</td> <td>L. Cornelius Sulla Felix</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>34</strong></td> <td>L. Vitellius</td> <td>Paullus Fabius Persicus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>35</strong></td> <td>C. Cestius Gallus</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>36</strong></td> <td>Sex. Papinius</td> <td>Q. Plautius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>37</strong></td> <td>Cn. Acerronius Proculus</td> <td>C. Petronius Pontius Nigrinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>38</strong></td> <td>M. Aquila Julianus</td> <td>C. Nonius Asprenas</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>39</strong></td> <td>Caligula</td> <td>L. Apronius Caesianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>40</strong></td> <td>Caligula colleague</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>41</strong></td> <td>Caligula</td> <td>Cn. Sentius Saturninus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>42</strong></td> <td>Claudius</td> <td>C. Caecina Largus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>43</strong></td> <td>Claudius</td> <td>L. Vitellius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>44</strong></td> <td>C. Passienus Crispus</td> <td>T. Statilius Taurus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>45</strong></td> <td>M. Vinicius</td> <td>T. Statilius Taurus Corvinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>46</strong></td> <td>Decimus Valerius Asiaticus</td> <td>M. Junius Silanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>47</strong></td> <td>Claudius</td> <td>L. Vitellius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>48</strong></td> <td>Vitellius</td> <td>L. Vipstanus Publicola</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>49</strong></td> <td>Q. Veranius</td> <td>C. Pompeius Longus Gallus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>50</strong></td> <td>C. Antistius Vetus</td> <td>M. Suillius Nerullinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>51</strong></td> <td>Vespasian</td> <td>Ser. Cornelius Salvidienus Orfitus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>52</strong></td> <td>Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix</td> <td>L. Salvius Otho Titianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>53</strong></td> <td>Decimus Junius Silanus Torquatus</td> <td>Q. Haterius Antoninus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>54</strong></td> <td>M' Acilius Aviola</td> <td>M. Asinius Marcellus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>55</strong></td> <td>Nero</td> <td>L. Antistius Vetus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>56</strong></td> <td>Q. Volusius Saturninus</td> <td>P. Cornelius Scipio</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>57</strong></td> <td>Nero</td> <td>L. Calpurnius Piso</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>58</strong></td> <td>Nero</td> <td>M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>59</strong></td> <td>C. Vipstanus Apronianus</td> <td>C. Fonteius Capito</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>60</strong></td> <td>Nero</td> <td>Cossus Cornelius Lentulus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>61</strong></td> <td>P. Petronius Turpilianus</td> <td>L. Caesennius Paetus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>62</strong></td> <td>P. Marius Celsus</td> <td>L. Afinius Gallus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>63</strong></td> <td>C. Memmius Regulus</td> <td>L. Verginius Rufus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>64</strong></td> <td>C. Laecanius Bassus</td> <td>M. Licinius Crassus Fru</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>65</strong></td> <td>A. Licinius Nerva Silianus</td> <td>M. Julius Vestinus Atticus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>66</strong></td> <td>C. Luccius Telesinus</td> <td>C. Suetonius Paullinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>67</strong></td> <td>Fonteius Capito</td> <td>L. Julius Rufus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>68</strong></td> <td>P. Galerius Trachalus</td> <td>Ti. Catius Silius Italicus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>69</strong></td> <td>Ser. Galba Imp. Caesar Augustus II</td> <td>T. Vinius Rufinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>70</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar T. Flavius Vespasianus Augustus II</td> <td>T. Flavius Sabinus Vespasianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>71</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar T. Flavius Vespasianus Augustus III</td> <td>M. Cocceius <strong>Nerva</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>72</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar T. Flavius Vespasianus Augustus IV</td> <td>T. Flavius Sabinus Vespasianus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>73</strong></td> <td>T. Flavius Domitianus Caesar II</td> <td>L. Valerius Catulus Messalinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>74</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar T. Flavius Vespasianus Augustus V</td> <td>Imp. T. Flavius Vespasianus Caesar III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>75</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar T. Flavius Vespasianus Augustus VI</td> <td>Imp. T. Flavius Vespasianus Caesar IV</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>76</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar T. Flavius Vespasianus Augustus VII</td> <td>Imp. T. Flavius Vespasianus Caesar V</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>77</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar T. Flavius Vespasianus Augustus VIII</td> <td>Imp. T. Flavius Vespasianus Caesar VI</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>78</strong></td> <td>L. Ceionius Commodus</td> <td>D. Novius Priscus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>79</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar T. Flavius Vespasianus Augustus IX</td> <td>Imp. T. Flavius Vespasianus Caesar VII</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>80</strong></td> <td>Imp. Titus Caesar Vespasianus Augustus VIII</td> <td>Caesar Domitianus VII</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>81</strong></td> <td>L. Flavius Silva (<em>or Silvanus</em>) Nonius Bassus</td> <td>Asinius Pollio Verrucosus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>82</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus VIII</td> <td>T. Flavius Sabinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>83</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus IX</td> <td>Q. Petillius Rufus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>84</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus Germanicus X</td> <td>C. Oppius Sabinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>85</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus Germanicus XI</td> <td>T. Aurelius Fulvus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>86</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus Germanicus XII</td> <td>Ser. Cornelius Dolabella Sulpicianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>87</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus Germanicus XIII</td> <td>L. Volusius Saturninus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>88</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus Germanicus XIV</td> <td>L. Minicius Rufus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>89</strong></td> <td>T. Aurelius Fulvus</td> <td>Atratinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>90</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus Germanicus XV</td> <td>M. Cocceius <strong>Nerva</strong> II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>91</strong></td> <td>M. Ulpius Traianus</td> <td>M. Acilius Glabrio</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>92</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus Germanicus XVI</td> <td>Q. Volusius Saturninus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>93</strong></td> <td>Cn. Pompeius Collega</td> <td>Cornelius Priscus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>94</strong></td> <td>L. Nonius Torquatus Asprenas</td> <td>T. Sextius Magius Lateranus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>95</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus Germanicus XVII</td> <td>T. Flavius Clemens</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>96</strong></td> <td>C. Antistius Vetus</td> <td>T. Manlius Valens</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>97</strong></td> <td>Imp. M. Cocceius Nerva Caesar Augustus III</td> <td>L. Virginius Rufus III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>98</strong></td> <td>Imp. M. Cocceius Nerva Caesar Augustus VI</td> <td>T. Flavius Libo</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>99</strong></td> <td>A. Cornelius Palma</td> <td>Q. Sosius Senecio</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>100</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Ulpius Traianus Augustus III</td> <td>Sex. Iulius Frontinus III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>101</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Ulpius Traianus Augustus IV</td> <td>Q. Articuleius Paetus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>102</strong></td> <td>L. Licinius Sura</td> <td>L. Iulius Ursus Servianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>103</strong></td> <td>L. Licinius Sura II</td> <td>L. Neratius Marcellus</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>104</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar Nerva Traianus Augustus Germanicus Dacicus V</td> <td>M. Laberius Maximus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>105</strong></td> <td>Tib. Iulius Cdus Marius Celsus II</td> <td>C. Antius A. Iulius Quadratus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>106</strong></td> <td>L. Ceionius Commodus Aurelius Annius Verus</td> <td>Tuccius Cerealis</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>107</strong></td> <td>L. Licinius Sura IV</td> <td>Q. Sosius Senecio II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>108</strong></td> <td>App. Annius Trebonius Gallus</td> <td>M. Atilius Metilius Bradua</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>109</strong></td> <td>A. Cornelius Palma II</td> <td>Baebius Tullus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>110</strong></td> <td>Ser. Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus</td> <td>M. Peducaeus Priscinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>111</strong></td> <td>C. Calpurnius Piso</td> <td>M. Vettius Bolanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>112</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Ulpius Traianus Augustus VI</td> <td>T. Sextius Africanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>113</strong></td> <td>L. Publilius Celsus II</td> <td>C. Clodius Crispinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>114</strong></td> <td>Q. Ninnius Hasta</td> <td>P. Manilius Vopiscus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>115</strong></td> <td>L. Vipstanus Messala</td> <td>M. Virgilianus Pedo</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>116</strong></td> <td>L. Lamia Aelianus</td> <td>Vetus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>117</strong></td> <td>Niger</td> <td>Apronianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>118</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar P. Aelius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus II</td> <td>Cn. Pedanius Fuscus Salinator</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>119</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar P. Aelius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus III</td> <td>Rusticus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>120</strong></td> <td>L. Catilius Servus II</td> <td>T. Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>121</strong></td> <td>M. Annius Verus II</td> <td>Augur</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>122</strong></td> <td>M. Acilius Aviola</td> <td>Corellius Pansa</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>123</strong></td> <td>L. Venuleius Apronianus</td> <td>Q. Articuleius Paetinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>124</strong></td> <td>M. Acilius Glabrio</td> <td>C. Bellicus Torquatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>125</strong></td> <td>Valerius Asiaticus II</td> <td>L. Epidius Titius Aquilinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>126</strong></td> <td>M. Annius Verus III</td> <td>Eggius Ambibulus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>127</strong></td> <td>M. Squilla Gallicanus</td> <td>T. Atilius Titianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>128</strong></td> <td>Torquatus Asprenas II</td> <td>L. Annius Libo</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>129</strong></td> <td>L. Neratius Marcellus II</td> <td>P. Iuventius Celsus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>130</strong></td> <td>Q. Fabius Catullinus</td> <td>M. Flavius Aper</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>131</strong></td> <td>Ser. Octavius Laenas Pontianus</td> <td>M. Antonius Rufinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>132</strong></td> <td>C. Serius Augurinus</td> <td>C. Trebius Sergianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>133</strong></td> <td>M. Antonius Hiberus</td> <td>P. Mummius Sisenna Rutilianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>134</strong></td> <td>L. Iulius Ursus Servianus III</td> <td>T. Vibius Varus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>135</strong></td> <td>Pontianus</td> <td>Atilianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>136</strong></td> <td>L. Ceionius Commodus Verus</td> <td>Sex. Vetulenus Civica Pompeianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>137</strong></td> <td>L. Aelius Verus Caesar II</td> <td>P. Coelius Balbinus Vibullius Pius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>138</strong></td> <td>Censorius Niger</td> <td>Sulpicius Camerinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>139</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar T. Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius II</td> <td>C. Bruttius Praesens II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>140</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar T. Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius III</td> <td>M. Aelius Aurelius Verus Caesar</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>141</strong></td> <td>M. Peducaeus Stloga Priscinus</td> <td>T. Haenius Severus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>142</strong></td> <td>L. Statius Quadratus</td> <td>C. Cuspius Rufinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>143</strong></td> <td>C. Bellicius Torquatus</td> <td>Tib. Clus Atticus Herodes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>144</strong></td> <td>L. Hedius Rufus Lollianus Avitus</td> <td>Tib. Clus Maximus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>145</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar T. Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus IV</td> <td>M. Aelius Aurelius Verus Caesar II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>146</strong></td> <td>Sex. Erucius Clarus II</td> <td>Cn. Clus Severus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>147</strong></td> <td>M. Annius Largus</td> <td>C. Prastina Pacatus Messalinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>148</strong></td> <td>C. Bellicius Torquatus</td> <td>P. Salvius Iulianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>149</strong></td> <td>Ser. Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus</td> <td>Q. Nonius Sosius Priscus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>150</strong></td> <td>M. Squilla Gallicanus</td> <td>Sex. Carminius Vetus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>151</strong></td> <td>Sex. Quintilius Condianus</td> <td>Sex. Quintilius Valerius Maximus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>152</strong></td> <td>M. Acilius Glabrio</td> <td>M. Valerius Homullus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>153</strong></td> <td>C. Fulvius Bruttius Praesens, M. Valerius</td> <td>A. Iunius Rufinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>154</strong></td> <td>L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus</td> <td>T. Sextius Lateranus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>155</strong></td> <td>C. Iulius Severus</td> <td>M. Iunius Rufinus Sabinianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>156</strong></td> <td>M. Ceionius Silvanus</td> <td>C. Serius Augurinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>157</strong></td> <td>M. Ceionius Civica Barbarus</td> <td>M. Metilius Regulus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>158</strong></td> <td>Sex. Sulpicius Tertullus</td> <td>Q. Tineius Clemens Sacerdos</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>159</strong></td> <td>Plautius Quintillus</td> <td>M. Statius, M. Clus Priscus Licinius Italicus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>160</strong></td> <td>Ap. Annius Atilius Bradua</td> <td>T. Clodius Vibius Varus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>161</strong></td> <td>M. Aelius Aurelius Verus Caesar III</td> <td>L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>162</strong></td> <td>Q. Iunius Rusticus II</td> <td>Aquilinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>163</strong></td> <td>M. Pontius Laelianus Larcius Sabinus</td> <td>P. Iunius Pastor, L. Caesennius Hospes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>164</strong></td> <td>M. Pompeius Macrinus</td> <td>P. Iuventius Celsus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>165</strong></td> <td>M. Gavius Orfitus</td> <td>L. Arrius Pudens</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>166</strong></td> <td>Q. Servilius Pudens</td> <td>L. Fufidius Pollio</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>167</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar L. Aurelius Verus Augustus III</td> <td>M. Ummidius Quadratus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>168</strong></td> <td>L. Venuleius Montanus Apronianus II</td> <td>L. Sergius Paullus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>169</strong></td> <td>Q. Sosius Priscus</td> <td>P. Coelius Apollinaris</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>170</strong></td> <td>M. Cornelius Cethegus</td> <td>C. Erucius Clarus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>171</strong></td> <td>T. Statilius Severus</td> <td>L. Alfidius Herennianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>172</strong></td> <td>Ser. Calpurnius Scipio Orfitus</td> <td>Quintilius Maximus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>173</strong></td> <td>Cn. Clus Severus II</td> <td>Tib. Clus Pompeianus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>174</strong></td> <td>Gallus</td> <td>Flaccus Cornelianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>175</strong></td> <td>L. Calpurnius Proculus Piso</td> <td>P. Salvius Iulianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>176</strong></td> <td>T. Vitrasius Pollio II</td> <td>M. Flavius Aper II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>177</strong></td> <td>L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Caesar</td> <td>M. Plautius Quintilius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>178</strong></td> <td>Ser. Cornelius Scipio Orfitus</td> <td>Iulianus Rufus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>179</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus II</td> <td>P. Martius Verus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>180</strong></td> <td>C. Fulvius Valens Aquilius Veiento II</td> <td>Sex. Quintilius Condianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>181</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus III</td> <td>L. Antistius Burrus Adventus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>182</strong></td> <td>M. Petronius Sura Mamertinus</td> <td>Q. Tineius Rufus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>183</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus IV</td> <td>C. Aufidius Victorinus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>184</strong></td> <td>L. Cossonius Eggius Marullus</td> <td>Cn. Papirius Aelianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>185</strong></td> <td>M. Cornelius Nigrinus Curiatius Maternus</td> <td>M. Atilius Bradua</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>186</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus V</td> <td>M. Acilius Glabrio II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>187</strong></td> <td>L. Brutus Quinctius Crispinus</td> <td>L. Roscius Aelianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>188</strong></td> <td>Seius Fuscianus II</td> <td>M. Servilius Silanus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>189</strong></td> <td>Duillius Silanus</td> <td>Q. Servilius Silanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>190</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus VI</td> <td>M. Petronius Sura Septimianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>191</strong></td> <td>Pedo Apronianus</td> <td>M. Valerius Bradua Mauricus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>192</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus VII</td> <td>P. Helvius Pertinax II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>193</strong></td> <td>Q. Sosius Falco</td> <td>C. Iulius Erucius Clarus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>194</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar L. Septimius Severus Pertinax Augustus II</td> <td>D. Clodius Septimius Albinus Caesar II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>195</strong></td> <td>Scapula Tertullus</td> <td>Tineius Clemens</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>196</strong></td> <td>C. Domitius Dexter II</td> <td>L. Valerius Messala Thrasia Priscus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>197</strong></td> <td>T. Sextius Lateranus</td> <td>L. Cuspius Rufinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>198</strong></td> <td>Saturninus</td> <td>L. Aurelius Gallus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>199</strong></td> <td>P. Cornelius Anullinus</td> <td>M. Aufidius Fronto</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>200</strong></td> <td>Tib. Clus Severus</td> <td>C. Aufidius Victorinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>201</strong></td> <td>L. Annius Fabrianus</td> <td>M. Nonius Arrius Mucianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>202</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar L. Septimius Severus Pius Pertinax Augustus III</td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>203</strong></td> <td>C. Fulvius Plautianus II</td> <td>P. Septimius Geta II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>204</strong></td> <td>L. Fabius Cilo Lepidus Fulcinianus II</td> <td>M. Annius Flavius Libo</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>205</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus II</td> <td>P. Septimius Geta Caesar</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>206</strong></td> <td>M. Nummius Umbrius Primus Senecio Albinus</td> <td>L. Fulvius Gavius Numisius Petronius Aemilianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>207</strong></td> <td>M. Nonius Arrius Paulinus Aper</td> <td>L. Marius Maximus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>208</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus III</td> <td>P. Septimius Geta Caesar II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>209</strong></td> <td>Tib. Clus Pompeianus</td> <td>Avitus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>210</strong></td> <td>M. Acilius Vibius Faustinus</td> <td>A. Triarius Rufinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>211</strong></td> <td>Q. Hedius Rufus Lollianus Gentianus</td> <td>Pomponius Bassus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>212</strong></td> <td>C. Iulius Asper</td> <td>C. Iulius Galerius Asper II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>213</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus IV</td> <td>D. Coelius Balbinus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>214</strong></td> <td>Silius Messala</td> <td>Sabinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>215</strong></td> <td>Maecius Laetus II</td> <td>Sulla Cerealis</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>216</strong></td> <td>Catius Sabinus II</td> <td>Cornelius Anullinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>217</strong></td> <td>C. Bruttius Praesens</td> <td>T. Messius Extricatus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>218</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Opellius Severus Macrinus Augustus</td> <td>T. Messius Extricatus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>219</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus II</td> <td><strong>Q. Tineius Sacerdos II</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>220</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus III</td> <td>P. Valerius Comazon Eutychianus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>221</strong></td> <td>C. Valerius Gratus Sabinianus</td> <td>M. Fabius Seleucus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>222</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus IV</td> <td>M. Aurelius Severus Alexr Caesar</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>223</strong></td> <td>L. Marius Maximus Perpetuus Aurelianus II</td> <td>L. Roscius Paculus Aelianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>224</strong></td> <td>Ap. Clus Iulianus II</td> <td>C. Bruttius Crispinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>225</strong></td> <td>Tib. Manilius Fuscus II</td> <td>Ser. Calpurnius Domitius Dexter</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>226</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Severus Alexr Augustus II</td> <td>L. Aufidius Marcellus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>227</strong></td> <td>M. Nummius Albinus</td> <td>M. Laelius Maximus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>228</strong></td> <td>Modestus II</td> <td>Probus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>229</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Severus Alexr Augustus III</td> <td>Cassius Dio Cocceianus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>230</strong></td> <td>L. Virius Agricola</td> <td>Sex. catius Clementinus Priscillianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>231</strong></td> <td>Clus Pompeianus</td> <td>T. Flavius Pelignianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>232</strong></td> <td>Lupus</td> <td>L. Valerius Publicola Balbinus Maximus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>233</strong></td> <td>Maximus</td> <td>Paternus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>234</strong></td> <td>M. Clodius Pupienus Maximus II</td> <td>Agricola Urbanus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>235</strong></td> <td>Cn. Clus Severus</td> <td>L. Tib. Clus Aurelius Quintianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>236</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar C. Iulius Verus Maximinus Augustus</td> <td>M. Pupienius Africanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>237</strong></td> <td>Perpetuus</td> <td>P. Pomponius Cornelianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>238</strong></td> <td>C. Betitius Pius Maximilianus</td> <td>Proculus Pontianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>239</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Antonius Gordianus Pius Augustus</td> <td>M. Acilius Aviola</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>240</strong></td> <td>Vettius Sabinus II</td> <td>Venustus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>241</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Antonius Gordianus Pius Augustus II</td> <td>Pompeianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>242</strong></td> <td>C. Aufidius Vettius Atticus</td> <td>C. Asinius Praetextatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>243</strong></td> <td>L. Annius Arrianus</td> <td>C. Cervonius Papus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>244</strong></td> <td>L. Armenius Peregrinus</td> <td>L. Fulvius Aemilianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>245</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Iulius Philippus Augustus</td> <td>C. Maesius Aquilius fabius Titianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>246</strong></td> <td>Praesens</td> <td>M. Nummius Ceionius Annius Albinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>247</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Iulius Philippus Augustus II</td> <td>M. Iulius Philippus Caesar</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>248</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Iulius Philippus Augustus III</td> <td>M. Iulius Philippus Caesar II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>249</strong></td> <td>L. Fulvius Aemilianus II</td> <td>L. Naevius Aquilinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>250</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar C. Messius Quintus Traianus Decius Augustus II</td> <td>Vicius Gratus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>251</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar C. Messius Quintus Traianus Decius Augustus III</td> <td>Q. Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius Caesar</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>252</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar C. Vibius Trebonianus Gallus Augustus II</td> <td>Imp. Caesar C. Vibius Afinius Gallus Volusianus Augustus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>253</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar C. Vibius Afinius Gallus Volusianus Augustus II</td> <td>L. Valerius Publicola Balbinus Maximus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>254</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Valerianus Augustus II</td> <td>Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Egnatius Gallienus Augustus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>255</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Valerianus Augustus III</td> <td>Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Egnatius Gallienus Augustus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>256</strong></td> <td>Maximus</td> <td>Glabrio</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>257</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Valerianus Augustus IV</td> <td>Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Egnatius Gallienus Augustus III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>258</strong></td> <td>Memmius Tuscus</td> <td>Bassus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>259</strong></td> <td>L. Arr[un]tius Aemilianus</td> <td>T. Flavius Bassus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>260</strong></td> <td>Cornelius Saecularis II</td> <td>C. Iulius Donatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>261</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Egnatius Gallienus Augustus IV</td> <td>L. Petronius Taurus Volusianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>262</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Egnatius Gallienus Augustus V</td> <td>L. Faustinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>263</strong></td> <td>M. Mummius Ceionius Annius Albinus</td> <td>Maximus Dexter</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>264</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Egnatius Gallienus Augustus VI</td> <td>Saturninus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>265</strong></td> <td>P. Licinius Valerianus Nob. Vir II</td> <td>Lucillus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>266</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Egnatius Gallienus Augustus VII</td> <td>Sabillinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>267</strong></td> <td>Paternus</td> <td>Arcesilaus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>268</strong></td> <td>Paternus II</td> <td>Marianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>269</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Clus Augustus</td> <td>Nonius Paternus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>270</strong></td> <td>Flavius Antiochianus II</td> <td>Furius Orfitus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>271</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar L. Domitus Aurelianus Augustus</td> <td>Bassus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>272</strong></td> <td>Quietus</td> <td>Iunius Veldumianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>273</strong></td> <td>M. Clus Tacitus</td> <td>Furius Placidus (or Placidianus)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>274</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar L. Domitius Aurelianus Augustus II</td> <td>C. Iulius Capitolinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>275</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar L. Domitius Aurelianus Augustus III</td> <td>Marcellinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>276</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Clus Tacitus Augustus II</td> <td>Aemilianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>277</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Probus Augustus</td> <td>Paulinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>278</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius probus Augustus II</td> <td>Virius Lupus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>279</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Probus Augustus III</td> <td>Nonius Paternus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>280</strong></td> <td>Messala</td> <td>Gratus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>281</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Probus Augustus IV</td> <td>C. Iunius Tiberianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>282</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Probus Augustus V</td> <td>Pomponius Victorinus (or Victorianus)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>283</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Carus Augustus II</td> <td>M. Aurelius Carinus Nob. Caesar</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>284</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Carinus Augustus II</td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Numerianus Augustus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>285</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Carinus Augustus III</td> <td>Aristobulus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>286</strong></td> <td>M. Iunius Maximus II</td> <td>Vettius Aquilinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>287</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus III</td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>288</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus II</td> <td>Pomponius Ianuarius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>289</strong></td> <td>M. Macrius Bassus</td> <td>L. Ragonius Quintianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>290</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus IV</td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>291</strong></td> <td>C. Iunius Tiberianus II</td> <td>Cassius Dio</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>292</strong></td> <td>Aeranius Hannibalianus</td> <td>Asclepiodotus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>293</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus V</td> <td>Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus IV</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>294</strong></td> <td>Caius Flavius Constantius Caesar</td> <td>C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Caesar</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>295</strong></td> <td>Nummius Tuscus</td> <td>Annius Anullinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>296</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caes. C. Aurel. Valer. Diocletianus Augustus VI</td> <td>C. Flavius Valerius Constantius Caesar II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>297</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caes. M. Aurel. Valer. Maximianus Augustus V</td> <td>Galerius Valer. Maximianus Caesar II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>298</strong></td> <td>Anicius Faustus II</td> <td>Virius Gallus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>299</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caes. C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus VII</td> <td>Imp. Caes. M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus VI</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>300</strong></td> <td>C. Flavius Valer. Constantius Caesar III</td> <td>Galerius Valer. Maximianus Caesar III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>301</strong></td> <td>T. Flavius Postumius Titianus II</td> <td>Popilius Nepotianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>302</strong></td> <td>C. Flavius Valer. Constantius Caesar IV</td> <td>Galerius Valer. Maximianus Caesar IV</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>303</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caes. Aurel. Valer. Diocletianus VIII</td> <td>Imp. Caes. Aurel. Valer. Maximianus VII</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>304</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caes. Aurel. Valer. Diocletianus Augustus IX</td> <td>Imp. Caes. Aurel. Valer. Maximianus Augustus VIII</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>305</strong></td> <td>C. Flavius Valer. Constantius Caesar V</td> <td>Galerius Maximianus Caesar V</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>306</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caes. C. Flav. Valer. Constantius Augustus VI</td> <td>Imp. Caes. Galerius Valer. Maximianus Augustus VI</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>307</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caes. M. Aurelius Val. Maximianus Augustus IX <strong>(West)</strong>;<br/>Imp. Caes. M. Aurelius Val. Maximianus Augustus IX <strong>(Rome)</strong>;<br/>Imp. Flavius Valerius Severus Augustus<strong>(East)</strong></td> <td>C. Fl. Valer. Constantinus Nob. Caes.<strong>(West)</strong>;<br/>Galerius Valer.Maximinus Nob. Caes.<strong>(Rome)</strong>;<br/>Galerius Valer. Maximinus Nob. Caes.<strong>(East)</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>308</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caes. M. Aurel. Valer. Maxentius Augustus <strong>(Rome)</strong>;<br/>Imp. Caes. M. Aurel. Valer. Maximianus Augustus X <strong>(outside Italy)</strong></td> <td>M. Valerius Romulus Nob. vir. <strong>(Rome)</strong>;<br/>Imp. Caes. Galerius Valer. Maximianus Augustus VII <strong>(outside Italy)</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>309</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caes. M. Aurelius Valer. Maxentius Augustus II</td> <td>M. Valer. Romulus Nob. vir II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>310</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caes. M. Aur. Valer. Maxentius Augustus III</td> <td>onicus, (Sicorius) Probus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>311</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caes. Galerius Valer. Maximianus Augustus VIII</td> <td>Imp. Caes. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>312</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caes. C. Flavius Valer. Constantinus Augustus II</td> <td>Imp. Caes. P. Valer. Licinianus Licinius Augustus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>313</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caes. C. Flavius Valer. Constantinus Augustus III</td> <td>Imp. Caes. P. Valerius Licinianus Licinius Augustus III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>314</strong></td> <td>C. Ceionius Rufius Volusianus II</td> <td>Annianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>315</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caes. C. Flav. Valer. Constantinus Augustus IV</td> <td>Imp. Caes. P. Valer. Licinianus Licinius Augustus IV</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>316</strong></td> <td>Sabinus</td> <td>Q. Aradius Rufinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>317</strong></td> <td>Ovinius Gallicanus</td> <td>Septimius Bassus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>318</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caes. P. Valer. Licinianus Licinius Augustus V</td> <td>Fl. Iulius Crispus Nob. Caes.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>319</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caes. C. Flav. Val. Constantinus Augustus V</td> <td>Valer. Licinianus Licinius Nob. Caes.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>320</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caes. C. Flav. Val. Constantinus Augustus VI</td> <td>Fl. Clus Constantinus Iunior Nob. Caes.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>321</strong></td> <td>Fl. Iulius Crispus Nob. Caes. II</td> <td>Fl. Clus Constantinus Iunior Nob. Caes. II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>322</strong></td> <td>Petronius Probianus</td> <td>Amnius Anicius Iulianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>323</strong></td> <td>Acilius Severus</td> <td>C. Vettius Cossinius Rufus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>324</strong></td> <td>Fl. Iulius Crispus Nob. Caes. III</td> <td>Fl. Clus Constantinus Nob. Caes. III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>325</strong></td> <td>Sex. Cocceius Anicius Faustus Paulinus II</td> <td>P. Ceionius Iulianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>326</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caes. C. Flav. Valer. Constantinus Augustus VII</td> <td>Fl. Iul. Constantinus Nob. Caes.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>327</strong></td> <td>Fl. Caesarinus Constantinus</td> <td>Maximus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>328</strong></td> <td>P. Ianuarius Primus</td> <td>Iustus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>329</strong></td> <td>Imp. Caes. C. Flavius Valer. Constantinus Augustus VIII</td> <td>Fl. Cl Constantinus Iunior Nob. Caes. III, Fl. Gallicanus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>330</strong></td> <td>Aurelius Iulianus Symmachus</td> <td>Annius Bassus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>331</strong></td> <td>Ablavius</td> <td>Papinius Pacatianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>332</strong></td> <td>Moecilius Hilarianus</td> <td>Fl. Iulius Delmatius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>333</strong></td> <td>Zenophilus</td> <td>Proculus Optatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>334</strong></td> <td>Amnius Manius Nicomachus (Anicius Paulinius Iunior)</td> <td>Fl. Iulius Constantius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>335</strong></td> <td>Ceionius Rufius Albinus</td> <td>Fl. Popilius Constantinus Nepotianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>336</strong></td> <td>Facundus</td> <td>Felicianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>337</strong></td> <td>Tib. Fabius Titianus</td> <td>Ursus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>338</strong></td> <td>Polemius</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Iulius Constantius Augustus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>339</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Iul. Constans Augustus</td> <td>Septimius Acyndinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>340</strong></td> <td>L. Aradius Valerius Proculus</td> <td>Marcellinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>341</strong></td> <td>Petronius Probinus</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Iul. Constantius Augustus III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>342</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Iul. Constans Augustus II</td> <td>M. Maecius Memmius Furius Babusius Caecilian. Placidus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>343</strong></td> <td>Romulus</td> <td>Fl. Domitius Leontius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>344</strong></td> <td>Fl. Sallustius Bonosus</td> <td>Amantius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>345</strong></td> <td>Albinus</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Iul. Constantius Augustus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>346</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Iul. Constans Augustus III</td> <td>Vulcatius Rufinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>347</strong></td> <td>Eusebius</td> <td>Fl. Philippus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>348</strong></td> <td>Fl. Salia</td> <td>Ulpius Limenius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>349</strong></td> <td>Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomatius</td> <td>Sergius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>350</strong></td> <td>Nigrinianus</td> <td><strong>In the West:</strong><br/>Magnentius Augustus or Tyrannus<br/>Gaiso</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>351</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Iul. Constantius Augustus V</td> <td>Fl. Cl Constantius Gallus Caesar</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>352</strong></td> <td>Magnus Decentius Caesar</td> <td>Paulus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>353</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Iul. Constantius Augustus VI</td> <td>Fl. Cl Constantius Gallus Caesar II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>354</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Iul. Constantius Augustus VII</td> <td>Fl. Cl Constantius Gallus Caesar III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>355</strong></td> <td>Fl. Arbitio</td> <td>Q. Flav. Maecius Egnatius Lollianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>356</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Iul. Constantius Augustus VIII</td> <td>Fl. Clus Iulianus Caesar</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>357</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Iul. Constantius Augustus IX</td> <td>Fl. Clus Iulianus Caesar II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>358</strong></td> <td>Datianus</td> <td>Neraius Cerealis</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>359</strong></td> <td>F. Eusebius</td> <td>F. Hypatius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>360</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Iul. Constantius Augustus X</td> <td>Fl. Clus Iulianus Caesar III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>361</strong></td> <td>El. Palladius Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus</td> <td>Fl. Florentius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>362</strong></td> <td>Cl. Mamertinus</td> <td>Fl. Nevitta</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>363</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Clus Iulianus Augustus IV</td> <td>Fl. Sallustius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>364</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Iovianus Augustus</td> <td>Fl. Varronianus Nob. puer</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>365</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Valentinianus Augustus</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Valens Augustus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>366</strong></td> <td>Fl. Gratianus Nob. puer</td> <td>Dagalaiphus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>367</strong></td> <td>Fl. Lupicinus</td> <td>Fl. Valens Iovinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>368</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Valentinianus Augustus II</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Valens Augustus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>369</strong></td> <td>Valentinianus Nob. puer</td> <td>Victor</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>370</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Valentinianus Augustus III</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Valens Augustus III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>371</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Gratianus Augustus II</td> <td>Sex. Petronius Probus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>372</strong></td> <td>Fl. Domitius Modestus</td> <td>Fl. Arintheus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>373</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Valentinianus Augustus IV</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Valens Augustus IV</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>374</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Gratianus Augustus III</td> <td>Aequitius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>375</strong></td> <td></td> <td><em>This year is referred to as 'after the consulate of Gratianus Aeqitius'</em></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>376</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Valens Augustus V</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Valentinianus Iunior Augustus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>377</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Gratianus Augustus IV</td> <td>Fl. Merobs</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>378</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Valens Augustus VI</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Valentinianus Iunior Augustus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>379</strong></td> <td>D. Magnus Ausonius</td> <td>Q. Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>380</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Gratianus Augustus V</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Theodosius Augustus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>381</strong></td> <td>Fl. Syagrius</td> <td>Eucerius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>382</strong></td> <td>Cl. Antonius</td> <td>Fl. Afranius Syagrius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>383</strong></td> <td>Fl. Merobs II</td> <td>Fl. Saturninus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>384</strong></td> <td>Clearchus</td> <td>Fl. Ricomeres (or Ricimer)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>385</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Arcadius Augustus</td> <td>Bauto</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>386</strong></td> <td>Fl. Honorius Nob. puer</td> <td>Fl. Evodius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>387</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Valentinianus Iunior Augustus III</td> <td>Eutropius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>388</strong></td> <td><strong>In the East:</strong><br/>Imp. Fl. Theodosius Augustus II<br/>Maternus Cynegius</td> <td><strong>In the West:</strong><br/>Magnus Clemens Maximus Augustus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>389</strong></td> <td>Fl. Timasius</td> <td>Fl. Promotus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>390</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Valentinianus Iunior Augustus IV</td> <td>Neoterius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>391</strong></td> <td>Fl. Tatianus</td> <td>Q. Aurelius Symmachus (or Eusebius)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>392</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Arcadius Augustus II</td> <td>Fl. Rufinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>393</strong></td> <td><strong>In the East:</strong><br/>Imp. Fl. Theodosius Augustus III<br/>Abundantius</td> <td><strong>In the West:</strong><br/>Imp. Fl. Eugenius Augustus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>394</strong></td> <td><strong>In the East:</strong><br/>Imp. Fl. Arcadius Augustus III<br/>Imp. Fl. Honorius Augustus II</td> <td><strong>In the West:</strong><br/>Virius Nicomachus Flavianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>395</strong></td> <td>Anicius Hermogenianus</td> <td>Anicius Probinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>396</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Arcadius Augustus IV</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Honorius Augustus III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>397</strong></td> <td>Fl. Caesarius</td> <td>Nonius Atticus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>398</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Honorius Augustus IV</td> <td>Fl. Eutychianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>399</strong></td> <td>Fl. Mallius Theodorus</td> <td>Eutropius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>400</strong></td> <td>Fl. Stilicho</td> <td>Aurelianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>401</strong></td> <td>Fl. Vincentius</td> <td>Fl. Fravitus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>402</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Arcadius Augustus V</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Honorius Augustus V</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>403</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Theodosius Iunior Augustus</td> <td>Fl. Rumoridus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>404</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Honorius Augustus VI</td> <td>Aristaenetus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>405</strong></td> <td>Fl. Stilicho II</td> <td>Anthemius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>406</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Arcadius Augustus VI</td> <td>Anicius Petronius Probus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>407</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Honorius Augustus VII</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Theodosius Iunior Augustus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>408</strong></td> <td>Fl. Anicius Auchenius Bassus</td> <td>Fl. Philippus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>409</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Honorius Augustus VIII</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Theodosius Iunior Augustus III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>410</strong></td> <td>Varanes</td> <td>Tertullus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>411</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Theodosius Iunior Augustus IV</td> <td><em>sole consul</em></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>412</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Honorius Augustus IX</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Theodosius Iunior Augustus V</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>413</strong></td> <td>Lucius</td> <td>Heraclianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>414</strong></td> <td>Constantius</td> <td>Constans</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>415</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Honorius Augustus X</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Theodosius Iunior Augustus VI</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>416</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Theodosius Iunior Augustus VII</td> <td>Iunius Quartus Palladius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>417</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Honorius Augustus XI</td> <td>Fl. Constantius II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>418</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Honorius Augustus XII</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Theodosius Iunior Augustus VIII</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>419</strong></td> <td>Fl. Monaxius</td> <td>A. Plinta</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>420</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Theodosius Iunior Augustus IX</td> <td>Fl. Constantius III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>421</strong></td> <td>Agricola</td> <td>Eustathius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>422</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Honorius Augustus XIII</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Theodosius Iunior Augustus X</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>423</strong></td> <td>Marinianus</td> <td>Asclepiodotus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>424</strong></td> <td>Fl. Castinus</td> <td>Victor</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>425</strong></td> <td><strong>In the East:</strong>Imp. Fl. Theodosius Iunior Augustus XI<br/>Fl. Placidius Valentinianus Caesar</td> <td><strong>In the West:</strong><br/>Iohannes Augustus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>426</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Theodosius Augustus XII</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Placidius Valentinianus Augustus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>427</strong></td> <td>Hierius</td> <td>bur</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>428</strong></td> <td>Fl. Constantius Felix</td> <td>Fl. Taurus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>429</strong></td> <td>Florentius</td> <td>Dionysius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>430</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Theodosius Iunior Augustus XIII</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Placidius Valentinianus Augustus III</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>431</strong></td> <td>Anicius Auchenius Bassus</td> <td>Fl. Antiochus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>432</strong></td> <td>Fl. Aetius</td> <td>Valerius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>433</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Theodosius Iunior Augustus XIV</td> <td>Petronius Maximus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>434</strong></td> <td>Fl. Areobindus</td> <td>Fl. bur Aspar</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>435</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Theodosius Iunior Augustus XV</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Placidius Valentinianus Augustus IV</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>436</strong></td> <td>Fl. Anthemius Isidorus</td> <td>Fl. Senator</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>437</strong></td> <td>Fl. Aetius II</td> <td>Sigisvuldus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>438</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Theodosius Iunior Augustus XVI</td> <td>Anicius Acilius Glabrio Faustus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>439</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Theodosius Iunior Augustus XVII</td> <td>Rufius Postumus Festus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>440</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Placidius Valentinianus Augustus V</td> <td>Anatolius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>441</strong></td> <td>Constantinus Cyrus</td> <td><em>sole consul <strong>in the East</strong></em></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>442</strong></td> <td>Dioscorus</td> <td>Eudoxius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>443</strong></td> <td>Petronius Maximus II</td> <td>Paterius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>444</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Theodosius Iunior Augustus XVIII</td> <td>Albinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>445</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Placidius Valentinianus Augustus VI</td> <td>Nomus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>446</strong></td> <td>Fl. Aetius III</td> <td>Q. Aurelius Symmachus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>447</strong></td> <td>Calypius</td> <td>bur</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>448</strong></td> <td>Rufius Praetextatus Postumianus</td> <td>Fl. Zeno</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>449</strong></td> <td>Protogenes</td> <td>Fl. Asturius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>450</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Placidius Valentinianus Augustus VII</td> <td>Gennadius Avienus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>451</strong></td> <td>Fl. Adelphius</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Marcianus Augustus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>452</strong></td> <td>Fl. Herculanus</td> <td>Sporachius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>453</strong></td> <td>Iohannes Vincomalus</td> <td>Fl. Opilio</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>454</strong></td> <td>Aetius</td> <td>Studius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>455</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Placidius Valentinianus Augustus VIII</td> <td>Procopius Anthemius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>456</strong></td> <td><strong>In the East:</strong><br/>Iohannes Varanes</td> <td><strong>In the West:</strong><br/>Imp. M. Maecilius Fl. Eparchus Avitus Augustus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>457</strong></td> <td>Fl. Constantius</td> <td>Rufus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>458</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Leo Augustus</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Iulius Valerius Maiorianus Augustus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>459</strong></td> <td>Fl. Ricimer</td> <td>Fl. Patricius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>460</strong></td> <td>Magnus</td> <td>Apollonius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>461</strong></td> <td>Severinus</td> <td>Dagalaiphus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>462</strong></td> <td><strong>In the East:</strong><br/>Imp. Fl. Leo Augustus II</td> <td><strong>In the West:</strong><br/>Imp. Livius Severus Augustus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>463</strong></td> <td>Fl. Caecincius Maximus Basilius</td> <td>Vivianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>464</strong></td> <td>Rusticius</td> <td>Anicius Olybrius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>465</strong></td> <td>Fl. Basiliscus</td> <td>Herminericus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>466</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Leo Augustus III</td> <td>Tatianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>467</strong></td> <td>Pusaeus</td> <td>Iohannes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>468</strong></td> <td>Imp. Procopius Anthemius Augustus II</td> <td><em>sole consul</em></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>469</strong></td> <td>Fl. Zeno</td> <td>Marcianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>470</strong></td> <td>Iordanes</td> <td>Severus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>471</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Leo Augustus IV</td> <td>Coelius Aconius Probianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>472</strong></td> <td>Fl. Festus</td> <td>Marcianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>473</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Leo Augustus V</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>474</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Leo Iunior Augustus</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>475</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Zeno Augustus II</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>476</strong></td> <td>Imp. Basiliscus Augustus II</td> <td>Armatus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>477</strong></td> <td></td> <td><em>the year "after the consulate of Basiliscus Armatus"</em></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>478</strong></td> <td>Hillus</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>479</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Zeno Augustus III</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>480</strong></td> <td>Fl. Decius Marius Venantius Basilius</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>481</strong></td> <td>Placidus</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>482</strong></td> <td>Severus Iunior</td> <td>Procondus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>483</strong></td> <td>Anicius Acilius Aginantius Faustus</td> <td>Procondus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>484</strong></td> <td>Theodoricus</td> <td>Venantius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>485</strong></td> <td>Q. Aurelius Memmius Symmachus</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>486</strong></td> <td>Caecina Mavortius Basilius Decius</td> <td>Longinus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>487</strong></td> <td>Narses Manlius Boethius</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>488</strong></td> <td>Clus Iul. Eclesius Dynamius</td> <td>Rufius Acilius Sividius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>489</strong></td> <td>Petronius Probinus</td> <td>Eusebius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>490</strong></td> <td>Fl. Faustus Iunior</td> <td>Longinus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>491</strong></td> <td>Fl. Olybrius Iunior</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>492</strong></td> <td>Imp. Anastasius Augustus</td> <td>Rufus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>493</strong></td> <td>Faustus Albinus</td> <td>Eusebius II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>494</strong></td> <td>Turcius Rufius Apronianus Asterius</td> <td>Fl. Praesidius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>495</strong></td> <td>Fl. Viator</td> <td>Aemilianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>496</strong></td> <td><strong>In the East:</strong><br/>Paulus, Anastasii Imp. frater</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>497</strong></td> <td>Imp. Anastasius Augustus II</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>498</strong></td> <td>Fl. Paulinus</td> <td>Iohannes (Scytha)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>499</strong></td> <td>Iohannes (Gibbus)</td> <td>Asclepio</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>500</strong></td> <td><strong>In the East:</strong><br/>Patricius<br/>Hypathius</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>501</strong></td> <td>Rufius Magnus Faustus Avienus</td> <td>Pompeius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>502</strong></td> <td>Fl. Avienus Iunior</td> <td>Probus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>503</strong></td> <td>Dexicrates</td> <td>Volusianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>504</strong></td> <td>Fl. Rufius Petronius Nicomachus Cethegus</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>505</strong></td> <td>Sabinianus</td> <td>Fl. Theodorus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>506</strong></td> <td>Fl. Areobindus Dagalaiphus</td> <td>Fl. Ennodius Messala</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>507</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Anastasius Augustus III</td> <td>Venantius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>508</strong></td> <td>Basilius Venantius Iunior</td> <td>Celer</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>509</strong></td> <td>Importunus</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>510</strong></td> <td>Manlius Anicius Sever. Boethius (Iunior)</td> <td>Eutharicus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>511</strong></td> <td>Fl. Felix</td> <td>Secundianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>512</strong></td> <td>Paulus</td> <td>Muschianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>513</strong></td> <td>Fl. Taurus Armonius Clementinus</td> <td>Probus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>514</strong></td> <td>Fl. Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Senator</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>515</strong></td> <td>Fl. Florentius</td> <td>Anthemius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>516</strong></td> <td>Fl. Petrus</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>517</strong></td> <td>Fl. Agapitus</td> <td>Fl. Anastasius Paulus Probus Sabinianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>518</strong></td> <td>Fl. Anastasius Paulus Probus Muschianus</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>519</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Iustinus Augustus</td> <td>Fl. Eutharicus Cillica</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>520</strong></td> <td>Rusticius</td> <td>Vitalianus</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>521</strong></td> <td>Fl. Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus</td> <td>Valerius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>522</strong></td> <td>Symmachus</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>523</strong></td> <td>Fl. Anicius Maximus</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>524</strong></td> <td>Opilio</td> <td>Imp. Fl. Iustinus Augustus II</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>525</strong></td> <td>Fl. Theodorus Philoxenus Sotericus</td> <td>Probus Iunior</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>526</strong></td> <td>Fl. Olybrius Iunior</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>527</strong></td> <td></td> <td>Fl. Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>528</strong></td> <td>Imp. Fl. Iustinianus Augustus II</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>529</strong></td> <td>Fl. Decius Iunior</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>530</strong></td> <td>Fl. Postumius Lampadius</td> <td>Rufius Gennadius Probus Orestes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>531</strong></td> <td></td> <td><em>The year "after the consulate of Lampadius Orestes"</em></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>532</strong></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>533</strong></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>534</strong></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>535</strong></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>536</strong></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>537</strong></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>538</strong></td> <td>Fl. Iohannes (Cappadox)</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>539</strong></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>540</strong></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>541</strong></td> <td>Fl. Anicius Faustus Albinus Basilius Iunior</td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </figure> <div id="mntl-sc-block_19-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_20-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> In 541, Emperor Justinian abolished the Consulate. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_21-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-references"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_22-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> <strong>References:</strong> </span> </h2> <ul id="mntl-sc-block_23-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> <li><sub>William Smith <em>Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities</em></sub></li> </ul> <div id="mntl-sc-block_24-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <ul id="mntl-sc-block_25-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> <li><em><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/roman-terms-glossary-120761" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">Ancient Rome Glossary</a></em></li> </ul></div> <div id="sources-and-citation_1-0" class="comp sources-and-citation mntl-block"><div id="citation-widget_1-0" class="comp citation-widget js-citation-widget" data-tracking-container="true"> <div class="citation-widget__container js-container"> <button class="citation-widget__button js-button"> <span class="citation-widget__cite-label">Cite this Article </span> <svg class="icon icon-cite citation-widget__icon-cite" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-cite" href="#icon-cite"></use> </svg> </button> <div class="citation-widget__window js-window"> <svg class="icon icon-close citation-widget__icon-close js-icon-close" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-close" href="#icon-close"></use> </svg> <div class="citation-widget__heading">Format</div> <a href="#" class="citation-widget__format-link citation-widget__format-link--active js-format-link">mla</a> <a href="#" class="citation-widget__format-link js-format-link">apa</a> <a href="#" class="citation-widget__format-link js-format-link">chicago</a> <div class="citation-widget__heading">Your Citation</div> <div class="citation-widget__content js-content"> <span class="citation-widget__citation citation-widget__citation--active js-active" data-citation-format="mla">Gill, N.S. "Who the Roman Consuls Were and How They Ruled Rome." ThoughtCo, Feb. 16, 2021, thoughtco.com/who-were-the-roman-consuls-120821.</span> <span class="citation-widget__citation" data-citation-format="apa">Gill, N.S. (2021, February 16). Who the Roman Consuls Were and How They Ruled Rome. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/who-were-the-roman-consuls-120821</span> <span class="citation-widget__citation" data-citation-format="chicago">Gill, N.S. "Who the Roman Consuls Were and How They Ruled Rome." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/who-were-the-roman-consuls-120821 (accessed March 27, 2025).</span> </div> <div class="citation-widget__copy-container"> <button class="citation-widget__copy-button js-copy-button"> <div class="citation-widget__copy-wrapper"> <svg class="icon icon-checkmark citation-widget__icon-checkmark" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-checkmark" href="#icon-checkmark"></use> </svg> <span class="citation-widget__copy-label js-copy-label">copy citation</span> </div> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div><div class="loc article-right-rail"><div id="mm-ads-right-rail_1-0" class="comp mm-ads-right-rail mntl-block"><div id="sc-billboard-group_1-0" class="comp sc-billboard-group mntl-block js-scads-inline-content"><div id="mntl-block_2-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="ref-billboard1-sticky-dynamic_1-0" class="comp ref-billboard1-sticky-dynamic mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_1-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFlex1-sticky mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="1050" style="height: 1050px;"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_2-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-square mm-ads-gpt-adunit gpt square "> <div id="square-flex-1" class="wrapper" ></div> </div></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-block_3-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="ref-billboard2-sticky-dynamic_1-0" class="comp ref-billboard2-sticky-dynamic mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_3-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFlex2-sticky-dynamic mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="600" style="height: 600px;"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_4-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-square mm-ads-gpt-adunit gpt square dynamic"> <div id="square-flex-2" class="wrapper" data-type="square" data-pos="btf1" data-priority="2" data-sizes="[[300, 250],[300, 600],[160, 600],"fluid"]" data-rtb="true" data-wait-for-third-party="false" data-targeting="{}"></div> </div></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-block_4-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-native_1-0" class="comp mm-ads-native " style="--native-ad-height: auto"><div id="mm-ads-native__adunit_1-0" class="comp mm-ads-native__adunit mm-ads-gpt-dynamic-adunit mm-ads-gpt-adunit scads-to-load gpt native dynamic"> <div id="native" class="wrapper" data-type="native" data-pos="native" data-priority="4" data-sizes="[[1, 3],"fluid"]" data-rtb="false" data-wait-for-third-party="false" data-targeting="{}"></div> </div></div></div> <div id="mntl-block_5-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="ref-billboard3-sticky-dynamic_1-0" class="comp ref-billboard3-sticky-dynamic mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_5-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFixed-sticky-dynamic mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="600" style="height: 600px;"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_6-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-square mm-ads-gpt-adunit gpt square dynamic"> <div id="square-fixed" class="wrapper" data-type="square" data-pos="atf" data-priority="2" data-sizes="[[300, 250],"fluid"]" data-rtb="true" data-wait-for-third-party="false" data-targeting="{}"></div> </div></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-block_6-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="ref-billboard4-sticky-dynamic_1-0" class="comp ref-billboard4-sticky-dynamic mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_7-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFixed-sticky-dynamic mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="600" style="height: 600px;"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_8-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-square mm-ads-gpt-adunit gpt square dynamic"> <div id="square-fixed" class="wrapper" data-type="square" data-pos="atf" data-priority="2" data-sizes="[[300, 250],"fluid"]" data-rtb="true" data-wait-for-third-party="false" data-targeting="{}"></div> </div></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-block_7-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="ref-billboard5-sticky-dynamic_1-0" class="comp ref-billboard5-sticky-dynamic mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_9-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFixed-sticky-dynamic mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="600" style="height: 600px;"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_10-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-square mm-ads-gpt-adunit gpt square dynamic"> <div id="square-fixed" class="wrapper" data-type="square" data-pos="atf" data-priority="2" data-sizes="[[300, 250],"fluid"]" data-rtb="true" data-wait-for-third-party="false" data-targeting="{}"></div> </div></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-block_8-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="ref-billboard6-sticky-dynamic_1-0" class="comp ref-billboard6-sticky-dynamic mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_11-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFixed-sticky-dynamic mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="600" style="height: 600px;"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_12-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-square mm-ads-gpt-adunit gpt square dynamic"> <div id="square-fixed" class="wrapper" data-type="square" data-pos="atf" data-priority="2" data-sizes="[[300, 250],"fluid"]" data-rtb="true" data-wait-for-third-party="false" data-targeting="{}"></div> </div></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-block_9-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="ref-billboard7-sticky-dynamic_1-0" class="comp ref-billboard7-sticky-dynamic mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_13-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFixed-sticky-dynamic mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="600" style="height: 600px;"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_14-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-square mm-ads-gpt-adunit gpt square dynamic"> <div id="square-fixed" class="wrapper" data-type="square" data-pos="atf" data-priority="2" data-sizes="[[300, 250],"fluid"]" data-rtb="true" data-wait-for-third-party="false" data-targeting="{}"></div> </div></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-block_10-0" class="comp mntl-block"></div> <div id="mntl-block_11-0" class="comp mntl-block"></div> <div id="mntl-block_12-0" class="comp mntl-block"></div></div></div> </div></article> <div id="prefooter--outbrain_1-0" class="comp prefooter--outbrain prefooter mntl-block"><div id="reference-outbrain_1-0" class="comp reference-outbrain mntl-outbrain"> <div class="OUTBRAIN js-outbrain-widget" data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/who-were-the-roman-consuls-120821" data-widget-id="AR_1"></div> </div> <section id="masonry-list-section_1-0" class="comp masonry-list-section mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true"><ul id="mntl-masonry-tax-card-list_1-0" class="comp mntl-masonry-tax-card-list mntl-masonry-card-list mntl-masonry-list mntl-block masonry-list"><li id="masonry-list__item_1-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_1-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card" data-doc-id="120845" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/periods-of-history-in-ancient-rome-120845" data-ordinal="1" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-image card__media universal-image__container"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/KFOLpaWkYVe6U5s5L9aipFPnP4A=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/sunrise--roman-forum--rome--italy-582021521-5a00917e13f1290037c2f609.jpg" width="250" height="0" alt="Sunrise, Roman Forum, Rome, Italy" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-expand="300" image="ImageEx{url='https://fthmb.tqn.com/OjcJ5k9QIt-6-uxm2HXT9q2HunI=/sunrise--roman-forum--rome--italy-582021521-5a00917e13f1290037c2f609.jpg', caption='Roman Forum, Rome, Italy', alt='Sunrise, Roman Forum, Rome, Italy', id='5a00917e13f1290037c2f609', fileName='sunrise--roman-forum--rome--italy-582021521.jpg', objectId='sunrise--roman-forum--rome--italy-582021521-5a00917e13f1290037c2f609.jpg', encodedThumbnail='true'}" data-dim-ratio="1.33" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/KFOLpaWkYVe6U5s5L9aipFPnP4A=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/sunrise--roman-forum--rome--italy-582021521-5a00917e13f1290037c2f609.jpg" width="250" height="0" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="Sunrise, Roman Forum, Rome, Italy" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">Periods of History in Ancient Rome</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_2-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_2-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card" data-doc-id="120888" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/historical-profile-of-the-roman-republic-120888" data-ordinal="2" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-image card__media universal-image__container"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/CB2yL6dt9mT4HnX5j58aCd0SziA=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-532099974-9f479a1a603d42599f43a8361989a8a3.jpg" width="250" height="0" alt="Roman Ruins" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-expand="300" image="ImageEx{url='https://fthmb.tqn.com/51jvYLqbu8g9UkJMmW_C92SYPio=/GettyImages-532099974-9f479a1a603d42599f43a8361989a8a3.jpg', caption='null', alt='Roman Ruins', id='9f479a1a603d42599f43a8361989a8a3', fileName='GettyImages-532099974.jpg', objectId='GettyImages-532099974-9f479a1a603d42599f43a8361989a8a3.jpg', encodedThumbnail='true'}" data-dim-ratio="1.33" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/CB2yL6dt9mT4HnX5j58aCd0SziA=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-532099974-9f479a1a603d42599f43a8361989a8a3.jpg" width="250" height="0" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="Roman Ruins" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">Roman Republic</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_3-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_3-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card" data-doc-id="118344" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/early-rome-and-issue-of-kings-118344" data-ordinal="3" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-image card__media universal-image__container"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ElB5U3zyU9mmb3hgoS0jJityQtc=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-2630465x-56aa29405f9b58b7d0012742.jpg" width="250" height="0" alt="Rebel King Caractacus and members of his family, after being turned over to Roman Emperor Claudius" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-expand="300" image="ImageEx{url='https://fthmb.tqn.com/uWkxung8yIi93IpwdgudtPWQ8xw=/GettyImages-2630465x-56aa29405f9b58b7d0012742.jpg', caption='', alt='Rebel King Caractacus and members of his family, after being turned over to Roman Emperor Claudius', id='56aa29405f9b58b7d0012742', fileName='GettyImages-2630465x.jpg', objectId='GettyImages-2630465x-56aa29405f9b58b7d0012742.jpg', encodedThumbnail='true'}" data-dim-ratio="1.33" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ElB5U3zyU9mmb3hgoS0jJityQtc=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-2630465x-56aa29405f9b58b7d0012742.jpg" width="250" height="0" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="Rebel King Caractacus and members of his family, after being turned over to Roman Emperor Claudius" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">Early Rome and the Issue of the 'King'</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_4-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_4-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card" data-doc-id="112669" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/branches-of-government-roman-republic-112669" data-ordinal="4" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-image card__media universal-image__container"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/MMJNrDSNpEuFm1z6CYyZAl04nc4=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/the-curia-hostilia-in-the-roman-forum-original-senate-house-of-rome-rome-italy-112186824-5796c9285f9b58461f63a04a.jpg" width="250" height="0" alt="Person standing outside the Curia Hostilia, in the Roman Forum." class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-expand="300" image="ImageEx{url='http://0.tqn.com/d/ancienthistory/1/0/0/H/4/the-curia-hostilia-in-the-roman-forum-original-senate-house-of-rome-rome-italy-112186824.jpg', caption='The Curia Hostilia, in the Roman Forum, which was the original senate house of Rome.', alt='Person standing outside the Curia Hostilia, in the Roman Forum.', id='5796c9285f9b58461f63a04a', fileName='the-curia-hostilia-in-the-roman-forum-original-senate-house-of-rome-rome-italy-112186824.jpg', objectId='the-curia-hostilia-in-the-roman-forum-original-senate-house-of-rome-rome-italy-112186824-5796c9285f9b58461f63a04a.jpg', encodedThumbnail='true'}" data-dim-ratio="1.33" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/MMJNrDSNpEuFm1z6CYyZAl04nc4=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/the-curia-hostilia-in-the-roman-forum-original-senate-house-of-rome-rome-italy-112186824-5796c9285f9b58461f63a04a.jpg" width="250" height="0" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="Person standing outside the Curia Hostilia, in the Roman Forum." /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">The Roman Republic's 3 Branches of Government</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_5-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_5-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card" data-doc-id="120098" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/dictators-in-rome-120098" data-ordinal="5" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-image card__media universal-image__container"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/UfFBtBQiQwVFSm9fWD487GleadY=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/lucius-cornelius-sulla-felix--c-138-78-bc---roman-general--published-1864-470288483-5b80c23846e0fb002cfb87f8.jpg" width="250" height="0" alt="Illustration of Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix." class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-expand="300" image="ImageEx{url='https://fthmb.tqn.com/So5RAzNzM2pQVPLR17KP0A4P-mI=/lucius-cornelius-sulla-felix--c-138-78-bc---roman-general--published-1864-470288483-5b80c23846e0fb002cfb87f8.jpg', caption='null', alt='Illustration of Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix.', id='5b80c23846e0fb002cfb87f8', fileName='lucius-cornelius-sulla-felix--c-138-78-bc---roman-general--published-1864-470288483.jpg', objectId='lucius-cornelius-sulla-felix--c-138-78-bc---roman-general--published-1864-470288483-5b80c23846e0fb002cfb87f8.jpg', encodedThumbnail='true'}" data-dim-ratio="1.33" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/UfFBtBQiQwVFSm9fWD487GleadY=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/lucius-cornelius-sulla-felix--c-138-78-bc---roman-general--published-1864-470288483-5b80c23846e0fb002cfb87f8.jpg" width="250" height="0" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="Illustration of Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix." /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">Roman Dictators</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_6-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_6-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card" data-doc-id="118561" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-prefect-in-ancient-roman-history-118561" data-ordinal="6" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-image card__media universal-image__container"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/NLaL2U9KNPdqkxeA7YfLLF-q2Zw=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Sainte_Marguerite_et_Olibrius-56dca0203df78c5ba0540915.jpg" width="250" height="0" alt="Saint Margaret attracts the attention of the Roman prefect, by Jean Fouquet" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-expand="300" image="ImageEx{url='http://0.tqn.com/d/ancienthistory/1/0/F/G/4/Sainte_Marguerite_et_Olibrius.jpg', caption='null', alt='Saint Margaret attracts the attention of the Roman prefect, by Jean Fouquet', id='56dca0203df78c5ba0540915', fileName='Sainte_Marguerite_et_Olibrius.jpg', objectId='Sainte_Marguerite_et_Olibrius-56dca0203df78c5ba0540915.jpg', encodedThumbnail='true'}" data-dim-ratio="1.33" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/NLaL2U9KNPdqkxeA7YfLLF-q2Zw=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Sainte_Marguerite_et_Olibrius-56dca0203df78c5ba0540915.jpg" width="250" height="0" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="Saint Margaret attracts the attention of the Roman prefect, by Jean Fouquet" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">Ancient Roman History: Prefect</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_7-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_7-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card" data-doc-id="120099" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/what-were-roman-magistrates-120099" data-ordinal="7" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-image card__media universal-image__container"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/y4D9iV5Lr0BQq_HNXSWMBwZo0hI=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Gaius_Gracchus_Tribune_of_the_People-5c547c334cedfd0001efdb1e.jpg" width="250" height="0" alt="Gaius Gracchus" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-expand="300" image="ImageEx{url='https://fthmb.tqn.com/HFCn1Vra208KXHUUhjHiM_rg2UM=/Gaius_Gracchus_Tribune_of_the_People-5c547c334cedfd0001efdb1e.jpg', caption='Gaius Gracchus, tribune of the people, presiding over the Plebeian Council', alt='Gaius Gracchus', id='5c547c334cedfd0001efdb1e', fileName='Gaius_Gracchus_Tribune_of_the_People.jpg', objectId='Gaius_Gracchus_Tribune_of_the_People-5c547c334cedfd0001efdb1e.jpg', encodedThumbnail='true'}" data-dim-ratio="1.33" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/y4D9iV5Lr0BQq_HNXSWMBwZo0hI=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Gaius_Gracchus_Tribune_of_the_People-5c547c334cedfd0001efdb1e.jpg" width="250" height="0" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="Gaius Gracchus" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">Who Were the Roman Magistrates?</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_8-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_8-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card" data-doc-id="120826" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/power-structure-of-early-rome-120826" data-ordinal="8" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-image card__media universal-image__container"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/YaXD5k7OkENMpYhxSXsDTSremiE=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Romulus-56aa9eeb3df78cf772b4572d.jpg" width="250" height="0" alt="Romulus" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-expand="300" image="ImageEx{url='http://0.tqn.com/d/ancienthistory/1/0/C/H/Romulus.jpg', caption='', alt='Romulus', id='56aa9eeb3df78cf772b4572d', fileName='Romulus.jpg', objectId='Romulus-56aa9eeb3df78cf772b4572d.jpg', encodedThumbnail='true'}" data-dim-ratio="1.33" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/YaXD5k7OkENMpYhxSXsDTSremiE=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Romulus-56aa9eeb3df78cf772b4572d.jpg" width="250" height="0" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="Romulus" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">Power Structures in Early Rome</span></div> </div> </a></li></ul> <div id="reference-outbrain_2-0" class="comp reference-outbrain mntl-outbrain"> <div class="OUTBRAIN js-outbrain-widget" data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/who-were-the-roman-consuls-120821" data-widget-id="AR_2"></div> </div> <ul id="mntl-masonry-tax-card-list_2-0" class="comp mntl-masonry-tax-card-list mntl-masonry-card-list mntl-masonry-list mntl-block masonry-list"><li id="masonry-list__item_9-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_9-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card" data-doc-id="120772" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-roman-republics-government-120772" data-ordinal="1" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-image card__media universal-image__container"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/eZrRog_XdBtdMPYC2DvumIva_28=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Maccari-Cicero-56aac9f43df78cf772b48788.jpg" width="250" height="0" alt="Representation of a sitting of the Roman Senate: Cicero attacks Catilina, from a 19th-century fresco." class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-expand="300" image="ImageEx{url='http://0.tqn.com/d/ancienthistory/1/0/S/C/4/Maccari-Cicero.jpg', caption='', alt='Representation of a sitting of the Roman Senate: Cicero attacks Catilina, from a 19th-century fresco.', id='56aac9f43df78cf772b48788', fileName='Maccari-Cicero.jpg', objectId='Maccari-Cicero-56aac9f43df78cf772b48788.jpg', encodedThumbnail='true'}" data-dim-ratio="1.33" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/eZrRog_XdBtdMPYC2DvumIva_28=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Maccari-Cicero-56aac9f43df78cf772b48788.jpg" width="250" height="0" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="Representation of a sitting of the Roman Senate: Cicero attacks Catilina, from a 19th-century fresco." /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">The Roman Republic's Government</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_10-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_10-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card" data-doc-id="117560" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/first-and-second-triumvirates-of-rome-117560" data-ordinal="2" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-image card__media universal-image__container"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/itrshDsxqaAy9iIrc-pSvd9xn8w=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-185736805-59d978680d327a00114dba68.jpg" width="250" height="0" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-expand="300" image="ImageEx{url='https://fthmb.tqn.com/RVrg6E83fZ9u4W5IOmdk0WHVQvM=/GettyImages-185736805-59d978680d327a00114dba68.jpg', caption='Silver denarius of Julius Caesar at time of First Triumvirate', alt='', id='59d978680d327a00114dba68', fileName='GettyImages-185736805.jpg', objectId='GettyImages-185736805-59d978680d327a00114dba68.jpg', encodedThumbnail='true'}" data-dim-ratio="1.33" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/itrshDsxqaAy9iIrc-pSvd9xn8w=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-185736805-59d978680d327a00114dba68.jpg" width="250" height="0" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">The First and Second Triumvirates of Rome</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_11-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_11-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card" data-doc-id="120895" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/rome-1st-century-b-c-chronology-120895" data-ordinal="3" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-image card__media universal-image__container"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/7tf8MqY6URvK3s-ChjAHEJgexJk=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Marius_Glyptothek_Munich_319-56aab0085f9b58b7d008db93.jpg" width="250" height="0" alt="&quot;Marius&quot;" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-expand="300" image="ImageEx{url='http://0.tqn.com/d/ancienthistory/1/0/s/V/2/Marius_Glyptothek_Munich_319.jpg', caption='&#34;Marius&#34;', alt='&quot;Marius&quot;', id='56aab0085f9b58b7d008db93', fileName='Marius_Glyptothek_Munich_319.jpg', objectId='Marius_Glyptothek_Munich_319-56aab0085f9b58b7d008db93.jpg', encodedThumbnail='true'}" data-dim-ratio="1.33" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/7tf8MqY6URvK3s-ChjAHEJgexJk=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Marius_Glyptothek_Munich_319-56aab0085f9b58b7d008db93.jpg" width="250" height="0" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="&quot;Marius&quot;" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">Rome 1st Century BCE: Chronology</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_12-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_12-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card" data-doc-id="117805" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/six-types-of-toga-in-ancient-rome-117805" data-ordinal="4" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-image card__media universal-image__container"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/y_KP6C41YbeSgNQXaJ8e-E2j8yU=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-116021858-5a8c672d119fa8003780c4a5.jpg" width="250" height="0" alt="Statue of Roman Emperor Constantine the Great, York Minster" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-expand="300" image="ImageEx{url='https://fthmb.tqn.com/va0YdhzNRpgoiaYdldnHmRKy1ws=/GettyImages-116021858-5a8c672d119fa8003780c4a5.jpg', caption='', alt='Statue of Roman Emperor Constantine the Great, York Minster', id='5a8c672d119fa8003780c4a5', fileName='GettyImages-116021858.jpg', objectId='GettyImages-116021858-5a8c672d119fa8003780c4a5.jpg', encodedThumbnail='true'}" data-dim-ratio="1.33" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/y_KP6C41YbeSgNQXaJ8e-E2j8yU=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-116021858-5a8c672d119fa8003780c4a5.jpg" width="250" height="0" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="Statue of Roman Emperor Constantine the Great, York Minster" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">The 6 Types of Togas Worn in Ancient Rome</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_13-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_13-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card" data-doc-id="120862" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/provinces-of-the-roman-empire-120862" data-ordinal="5" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-image card__media universal-image__container"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/A33s7EoGWR0b_meBsXkEj7YsDgY=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/roman-empire-with-provinces--115-117-ad---steel-engraving--published-1861-486522439-5c531e88c9e77c0001859fdd.jpg" width="250" height="0" alt="Roman Empire with provinces" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-expand="300" image="ImageEx{url='https://fthmb.tqn.com/93JlQrS5Fm0m-laEPti4dAzHvpA=/roman-empire-with-provinces--115-117-ad---steel-engraving--published-1861-486522439-5c531e88c9e77c0001859fdd.jpg', caption='null', alt='Roman Empire with provinces', id='5c531e88c9e77c0001859fdd', fileName='roman-empire-with-provinces--115-117-ad---steel-engraving--published-1861-486522439.jpg', objectId='roman-empire-with-provinces--115-117-ad---steel-engraving--published-1861-486522439-5c531e88c9e77c0001859fdd.jpg', encodedThumbnail='true'}" data-dim-ratio="1.33" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/A33s7EoGWR0b_meBsXkEj7YsDgY=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/roman-empire-with-provinces--115-117-ad---steel-engraving--published-1861-486522439-5c531e88c9e77c0001859fdd.jpg" width="250" height="0" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="Roman Empire with provinces" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">The Provinces of the Roman Empire (Circa 120 CE)</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_14-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_14-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card" data-doc-id="120568" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/social-war-91-88-bc-120568" data-ordinal="6" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-image card__media universal-image__container"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/8wEssKHziX2hBWh2iOeq-d-Bk3g=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Social_War_AR_Syd_621.1-1--5898ddc43df78caebca8d25d.jpg" width="250" height="0" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-expand="300" image="ImageEx{url='http://0.tqn.com/d/ancienthistory/1/0/g/T/4/Social_War_AR_Syd_621.1-1-.jpg', caption='null', alt='null', id='5898ddc43df78caebca8d25d', fileName='Social_War_AR_Syd_621.1-1-.jpg', objectId='Social_War_AR_Syd_621.1-1--5898ddc43df78caebca8d25d.jpg', encodedThumbnail='true'}" data-dim-ratio="1.33" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/8wEssKHziX2hBWh2iOeq-d-Bk3g=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Social_War_AR_Syd_621.1-1--5898ddc43df78caebca8d25d.jpg" width="250" height="0" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">Social War 91-88 B.C.</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_15-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_15-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card" data-doc-id="118553" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/first-triumvirate-timeline-118553" data-ordinal="7" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-image card__media universal-image__container"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/xCYu4zcYzYQN8_VW5qbeGnM1fJo=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-51241949-589f64a75f9b58819c5973a3.jpg" width="250" height="0" alt="Marcus Licinius Crassus of the 1st Roman Triumvirate" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-expand="300" image="ImageEx{url='http://0.tqn.com/d/ancienthistory/1/0/K/W/4/GettyImages-51241949.jpg', caption='null', alt='Marcus Licinius Crassus of the 1st Roman Triumvirate', id='589f64a75f9b58819c5973a3', fileName='GettyImages-51241949.jpg', objectId='GettyImages-51241949-589f64a75f9b58819c5973a3.jpg', encodedThumbnail='true'}" data-dim-ratio="1.33" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/xCYu4zcYzYQN8_VW5qbeGnM1fJo=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-51241949-589f64a75f9b58819c5973a3.jpg" width="250" height="0" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="Marcus Licinius Crassus of the 1st Roman Triumvirate" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">1st Triumvirate Timeline</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_16-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_16-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card" data-doc-id="120763" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/conflict-of-the-orders-patrician-plebeian-120763" data-ordinal="8" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-image card__media universal-image__container"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Q5AE1VU_-DbjeexEQx2O-yNPGkc=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-92847023-05ffa55af7294a7dab30068a7e40f732.jpg" width="250" height="0" alt="Ancient Roman historians Sallust and Livy" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-expand="300" image="ImageEx{url='https://fthmb.tqn.com/bJlcAbwNfJiCjj1OYe5Bqk8JdxQ=/GettyImages-92847023-05ffa55af7294a7dab30068a7e40f732.jpg', caption='null', alt='Ancient Roman historians Sallust and Livy', id='05ffa55af7294a7dab30068a7e40f732', fileName='GettyImages-92847023.jpg', objectId='GettyImages-92847023-05ffa55af7294a7dab30068a7e40f732.jpg', encodedThumbnail='true'}" data-dim-ratio="1.33" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Q5AE1VU_-DbjeexEQx2O-yNPGkc=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-92847023-05ffa55af7294a7dab30068a7e40f732.jpg" width="250" height="0" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="Ancient Roman historians Sallust and Livy" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">Conflicts of the Orders Patrician and Plebeian</span></div> </div> </a></li></ul> <div id="leaderboard2-deferred-footer_1-0" class="comp leaderboard2-deferred-footer mm-ads-leaderboardfooter-flex-2-lazy mm-ads-flexible-leaderboard-lazy mm-ads-flexible-leaderboard mm-ads-flexible-ad mm-ads-gpt-adunit js-lazy-ad has-right-label leaderboard gpt leaderboard dynamic"> <div id="leaderboardfooter-flex-2" class="wrapper" data-type="leaderboard" data-pos="atf" data-priority="1" data-sizes="[[728, 90], [970, 250], "fluid"]" data-rtb="true" data-wait-for-third-party="false" data-targeting="{}"></div> </div></section></div> </main><footer id="footer_1-0" class="comp footer mntl-footer" role="contentinfo" data-tracking-container="true"> <div class="mntl-footer__inner"> <div class="mntl-footer__primary"> <div class="mntl-footer__logo"> <a href="/" rel="home nocaes" id="mntl-logo_1-0" aria-label="Visit the homepage" > <div class="is-screenreader-only">ThoughtCo</div> <svg class="icon icon-logo " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-logo" href="#icon-logo"></use> </svg></a> </div> <div class="mntl-footer__social"> <div id="mntl-footer-social_1-0" class="comp mntl-footer-social reference-social-nav mntl-social-nav" data-tracking-container="true"> <h2 class="social-nav__title">Follow Us</h2> <ul class="social-nav__list"> <li class="social-nav__item social-nav__item--facebook"> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/thoughtcodotcom" target="_blank" rel="noopener nocaes" class="social-nav__link social-nav__link--facebook" aria-label="Visit ThoughtCo's Facebook" > <svg class="icon icon-facebook social-nav__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-facebook" href="#icon-facebook"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="social-nav__item social-nav__item--flipboard"> <a href="https://flipboard.com/@thoughtco?utm_source=thoughtco&utm_medium=follow&utm_campaign=tools" target="_blank" rel="noopener nocaes" class="social-nav__link social-nav__link--flipboard" aria-label="Visit ThoughtCo's Flipboard" > <svg class="icon icon-flipboard social-nav__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-flipboard" href="#icon-flipboard"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mntl-footer__secondary"> <nav id="mntl-footer-nav_1-0" class="comp mntl-footer-nav mntl-block" aria-label="Footer"><ul id="mntl-block_1-0" class="comp mntl-block mntl-footer-nav__list"><li id="mntl-footer-nav__list-item_1-0" class="comp mntl-footer-nav__list-item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/sciences-math-4132465" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-text-link text-label-300 global-link" id="mntl-text-link_1-0" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Science, Tech, Math</span></a></li> <li id="mntl-footer-nav__list-item_2-0" class="comp mntl-footer-nav__list-item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/humanities-4133358" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-text-link text-label-300 global-link" id="mntl-text-link_2-0" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Humanities</span></a></li> <li id="mntl-footer-nav__list-item_3-0" class="comp mntl-footer-nav__list-item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/languages-4133094" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-text-link text-label-300 global-link" id="mntl-text-link_3-0" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Languages</span></a></li> <li id="mntl-footer-nav__list-item_4-0" class="comp mntl-footer-nav__list-item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/resources-4132590" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-text-link text-label-300 global-link" id="mntl-text-link_4-0" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Resources</span></a></li></ul></nav><ul id="mntl-footer-links_1-0" class="comp mntl-footer-links footer-links"> <li class="mntl-footer-links__item "> <a href="/about-us-4779650" rel="nocaes" data-type="ourStory" data-ordinal="1" class="mntl-footer-links__link text-utility-200 global-link" data-component="footerLinks" data-source="footerLinks" > About Us </a> </li> <li class="mntl-footer-links__item "> <a href="https://www.dotdashmeredith.com/advertising" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" data-type="advertise" data-ordinal="1" class="mntl-footer-links__link text-utility-200 global-link" data-component="footerLinks" data-source="footerLinks" > Advertise </a> </li> <li class="mntl-footer-links__item "> <a href="https://www.dotdashmeredith.com/careers" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" data-type="careersAtDotDashMeredith" data-ordinal="1" class="mntl-footer-links__link text-utility-200 global-link" data-component="footerLinks" data-source="footerLinks" > Careers </a> </li> <li class="mntl-footer-links__item "> <a href="https://www.dotdashmeredith.com/brands-privacy" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" data-type="privacyPolicy" data-ordinal="1" class="mntl-footer-links__link text-utility-200 global-link" data-component="footerLinks" data-source="footerLinks" > Privacy Policy </a> </li> <li class="mntl-footer-links__item "> <a href="/about-us-4779650#toc-editorial-guidelines" rel="nocaes" data-type="editorialGuidelines" data-ordinal="1" class="mntl-footer-links__link text-utility-200 global-link" data-component="footerLinks" data-source="footerLinks" > Editorial Guidelines </a> </li> <li class="mntl-footer-links__item "> <a href="/about-us-4779650#toc-contact-us" rel="nocaes" data-type="contact" data-ordinal="1" class="mntl-footer-links__link text-utility-200 global-link" data-component="footerLinks" data-source="footerLinks" > Contact </a> </li> <li class="mntl-footer-links__item "> <a href="https://www.dotdashmeredith.com/brands-termsofservice" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" data-type="termsOfService" data-ordinal="1" class="mntl-footer-links__link text-utility-200 global-link" data-component="footerLinks" data-source="footerLinks" > Terms of Service </a> </li> <li class="mntl-footer-links__item mntl-truste-badge-wrapper"> <div class="loc truste-badge"><div id="mntl-universal-truste-badge_1-0" class="comp mntl-universal-truste-badge mntl-block"><a href="//privacy.truste.com/privacy-seal/validation?rid=e166d0ee-e663-4ad0-9384-f5bd78093a89" target="_blank" rel="noopener nocaes" class="mntl-truste-badge-link" id="mntl-universal-truste-badge_1-0-link" data-tracking-container="true" > <img class="mntl-truste-badge-image lazyload" alt="Access TRUSTe's Enterprise Privacy Certification program" data-src="//privacy-policy.truste.com/privacy-seal/seal?rid=e166d0ee-e663-4ad0-9384-f5bd78093a89" width="100" height="32" /> </a></div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="loc footer-bottom"><div id="mntl-dotdash-universal-nav_1-0" class="comp mntl-dotdash-universal-nav mntl-carbon-dotdash-universal-nav" data-tracking-container="true"> <div class="mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__content"> <svg class="icon mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__logo " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__logo" href="#mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__logo"></use> </svg> <div class="mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__text"> ThoughtCo is part of the <a href="https://www.dotdashmeredith.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow nocaes" class="mntl-dotdash-universal-nav__text--link" >Dotdash Meredith</a> publishing family. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></footer><svg class="is-hidden"> <defs> <symbol id="mntl-sc-block-starrating-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"> <path d="M0,0v20h20V0H0z M14.2,12.2l1.1,6.3l-5.4-3.2l-5.1,3.2l1-6.3L1.4,8l5.9-0.8l2.6-5.8l2.7,5.8L18.5,8L14.2,12.2z"/> </svg> </symbol> </defs> </svg><script type="text/javascript" data-glb-js="bottom" src="/static/5.9.0/cache/eNqlVEGS4yAM_NCyPGKu-wkZy7YSWWRAOMm8fgEn2cTjYlK1F0MLdZeQ2tiooOTsDKKM9hDtnDdmASFmMNEFz_zLvmY5P5-8oGi0JIpBgG2PA4bCr5uA_YOUYyeGq4HUk29I4WWVoi80THKMhfkt-N8CJhcIidWcOI0kDb0jKF7W778s3yfGqszwlS_VNwTO1I-YV_FKA7mc5cV0ILJ2ivAG3pCYkMZJPyaQEf9QVCwae8GH1pPIyL7LI5oQ-soqy17e4MOcs4sMsIkIwU0buEcTWGisl7NDYs6eQRSToxv47IgyijyPqC1vzTBWS4407A2gWBPOcP129qTRQawSA-OFOsb2wHoC9uNtqXZpaS_UozeHc3E3BtMFD719he_TH8RteTfE1K2ui7-7MaK-4ZnoHZXBTRBqD57xG3T1npVO97XBgKSTD-ZOOGwjDWrUkJym_F4Y5_NbImoV8pxsElowxFxvxXu-uxfqSNdfaw1s8Q8NjRkcrx1pbA0rfqZ7F51h745mjbQ4kg-Wyll3jTb4pF0Aksfmh6IPKZYnpXaN0yytZ3GG6CVc69_2Av4CvQRNrQ.min.js" async defer="true"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> Mntl.utilities.scriptsOnLoad(document.querySelectorAll('script[data-glb-js="bottom"]'), function() { var Mntl = window.Mntl || {}; window.Mntl.externalizeLinks.addPlugin(Mntl.externalizeLinkDefaultPlugin); window.Mntl.externalizeLinks.init();(function() { var article = document.getElementById('ref-article_1-0'); if (article && !article.gtmPageView) { article.gtmPageView = {"country":"SG","description":"Learn about the ancient Roman political prize known as the position of consul and how it was used to unify a nation.","title":"Who Were the Roman Consuls and How Did They Rule Rome?" || document.title || '',"authorId":"575","viewType":"","documentId":120821,"revenueGroup":"","contentGroup":"Other","templateName":"STRUCTUREDCONTENT","authorNames":"N.S. Gill","templateId":"110","muid":"bc70be50-b5ec-4310-8ce9-ced28b24711d","lastEditingAuthorId":"575","lastEditingUserId":"151378030080892","primaryTaxonomyIds":"4122478|4133358|4133356|4133336|4133328","fullUrl":"https://www.thoughtco.com/who-were-the-roman-consuls-120821" + location.hash,"experienceType":"single page","entryType":"direct","excludeFromComscore":false,"internalSessionId":"n34e4f2d37c2f49019825fef0175afecc03","internalRequestId":"n34e4f2d37c2f49019825fef0175afecc03","hid":"","experienceTypeName":"","recircDocIdsFooter":"","euTrafficFlag":false,"isGoogleBot":false,"mantleVersion":"4.1.94","primaryTaxonomyNames":"ThoughtCo|Humanities|History & Culture|Ancient History and Culture|Rome"}; } }()); (function(Mntl) { const setup = {"clickToInitialize":false,"playlistUrl":"https:\/\/cdn.jwplayer.com\/v2\/playlists\/zFwOVf4f","skin":{"name":"mantle"},"mute":true,"advertising":{"client":"googima","vpaidmode":"enabled","rules":{"frequency":1},"forceNonLinearFullSlot":true,"vpaidcontrols":true,"autoplayadsmuted":true},"autostart":true,"nextUpDisplay":true,"preload":"metadata","aspectratio":"16:9","pauseotherplayers":"true","cast":{},"recsPlaylistId":null,"width":"100%"}; // JW player requires `playlist` to be populated for contextual playlists setup.playlist = setup.playlistUrl; const isImmediateAutoplay = false; const playInView = 0; const encodedPageURL = encodeURIComponent(window.location); const domain = Mntl.utilities.getDomain(); const iuPath = '/' + Mntl.GPT.getDfpId() + '/ddm.' + domain.replace('.com', '.video') + (Mntl.GPT.isMobile() ? '.mob' : ''); function formatAdSizeArray(sizeArr) { return sizeArr.map(function(sz) { return sz.join('x'); }).join('|'); } // Assign a randomly-generated, eight character, alpha-numeric value to this property. setup.advertising.adscheduleid = Math.random().toString(36).substr(2,8); // muid - used for audience targeting setup.advertising.ppid = 'bc70be50-b5ec-4310-8ce9-ced28b24711d'; let custParams = ''; custParams += '&' + encodeURIComponent('slot') + '=' + encodeURIComponent('broadmatch'); const inFocus = window && window.document && window.document.hasFocus(); const durationParams = Mntl.JWPlayer.getDurationParams(0, true); custParams += '&ttid=' + setup.mediaid; custParams += '&play=' + Mntl.JWPlayer.getCustomPlayValue(setup.autostart, isImmediateAutoplay, playInView); custParams += '&in_focus=' + inFocus; custParams += '&videoduration=' + durationParams.duration; custParams += '&duration_over=' + durationParams.durationOver; custParams += '&duration_under=' + durationParams.durationUnder; setup.advertising.schedule = [{ "offset": "pre", "tag": [ 'https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ads?', 'sz=', formatAdSizeArray([[640, 360]]), '&iu=', iuPath, '&env=vp&hl=en&gdfp_req=1&impl=s&output=xml_vast2&unviewed_position_start=1&lid=', '&url=', encodedPageURL, '&description_url=', encodedPageURL, '&correlator=', Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000), '&cust_params=', Mntl.GPT.serializeAllTargeting(), encodeURIComponent(custParams), '&ad_rule=1' ].join('') }]; Mntl.JWPlayer.init({ accountKey: "oxY0/BqWBX09BISmLN4/xuTz4IdZy713Cdjj4GyHOiYCUCyJ", adSizes: [[640, 360]], defer: true, deferOnRFDS: false, displayMode: "none", divId: "mntl-jwplayer-broad__video_1-0", enableBiddingWithTCData: false, enableTVPEngagementBtns: false, eventCategoryType: "Trending", intersectionMargin: "250px", isImmediateAutoplay: isImmediateAutoplay, isImmediateStickyDisabled: false, isIntersectionDisabled: false, isMobileAdhesive: false, isBroadVideo: true, isPlaylist: true, mediaSize: 1080, playerId: "VV9TaHYf", playInView: playInView, showCaptions: true, slot: "broadmatch", rtbVideoConfig: {"maxduration":60,"minduration":0,"plcmt":2}, useDynamicVideoSizes: true, skipExistingMediaContent: false, stickyplay: false, useMotionThumbnails: false }, setup ); }(window.Mntl || {})); (function(Mntl) { Mntl.Tooltip.init({ defaultPositionX: "auto", defaultPositionY: "auto" }); })(window.Mntl || {}); (function(Mntl) { Mntl.Tooltip.init({ defaultPositionX: "auto", defaultPositionY: "auto" }); })(window.Mntl || {}); (function(utils) { utils.readyOrDeferred(() => { const masonryInstance = document.getElementById('mntl-masonry-tax-card-list_1-0'); if (masonryInstance.dataset.noJs) return; Mntl.MasonryList.init(masonryInstance, {autoResize: false, stretch: '.card__img, .card--no-image .card__content'}); }); })(window.Mntl.utilities || {});(function(utils) { utils.readyOrDeferred(() => { const masonryInstance = document.getElementById('mntl-masonry-tax-card-list_2-0'); if (masonryInstance.dataset.noJs) return; Mntl.MasonryList.init(masonryInstance, {autoResize: false, stretch: '.card__img, .card--no-image .card__content'}); }); })(window.Mntl.utilities || {});}); </script></body> </html>