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class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div 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Disponibile in 25 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%89" title="صانع الساعات الأعمى - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صانع الساعات الأعمى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blind_Watchmaker" title="The Blind Watchmaker - balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="The Blind Watchmaker" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Сляпы гадзіншчык - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сляпы гадзіншчык" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slep%C3%BD_hodin%C3%A1%C5%99" title="Slepý hodinář - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Slepý hodinář" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_blinde_Uhrmacher" title="Der blinde Uhrmacher - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Der blinde Uhrmacher" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blind_Watchmaker" title="The Blind Watchmaker - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="The Blind Watchmaker" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_relojero_ciego" title="El relojero ciego - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="El relojero ciego" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ساعت‌ساز نابینا - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساعت‌ساز نابینا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Horloger_aveugle" title="L'Horloger aveugle - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="L'Horloger aveugle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8" title="השען העיוור - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="השען העיוור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_vak_%C3%B3r%C3%A1smester" title="A vak órásmester - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A vak órásmester" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembuat_Arloji_yang_Buta" title="Pembuat Arloji yang Buta - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pembuat Arloji yang Buta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E7%9B%AE%E3%81%AE%E6%99%82%E8%A8%88%E8%81%B7%E4%BA%BA" title="盲目の時計職人 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="盲目の時計職人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%88%88%EB%A8%BC_%EC%8B%9C%EA%B3%84%EA%B3%B5" title="눈먼 시계공 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="눈먼 시계공" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blind_Watchmaker" title="The Blind Watchmaker - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="The Blind Watchmaker" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_blinde_horlogemaker" title="De blinde horlogemaker - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="De blinde horlogemaker" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blind_Watchmaker" title="The Blind Watchmaker - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="The Blind Watchmaker" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Alepy_zegarmistrz" title="Ślepy zegarmistrz - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ślepy zegarmistrz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Relojoeiro_Cego" title="O Relojoeiro Cego - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="O Relojoeiro Cego" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceasornicarul_orb" title="Ceasornicarul orb - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ceasornicarul orb" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati di un libro"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:#C02050; color:white"><i>L'orologiaio cieco</i></th></tr><tr><th><span class="nowrap">Titolo originale</span></th><td><span dir="ltr" lang="en"><i>The Blind Watchmaker</i></span> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Autore" title="Autore">Autore</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dawkins" title="Richard Dawkins">Richard Dawkins</a> </td></tr><tr><th><span class="nowrap">1ª ed. originale</span></th><td><a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a> </td></tr><tr><th><span class="nowrap">1ª ed. italiana</span></th><td><a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Genere_letterario" title="Genere letterario">Genere</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Saggio" title="Saggio">Saggio</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Sottogenere</th><td><a href="/wiki/Scienza" title="Scienza">scientifico</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Lingua_(linguistica)" title="Lingua (linguistica)"><span class="nowrap">Lingua originale</span></a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese">inglese</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477792" class="extiw" title="d:Q477792"><span title="Modifica i dati della voce L'orologiaio cieco su Wikidata">Modifica dati su Wikidata</span></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Libro/man" title="Template:Libro/man"><span title="Manuale del template Libro">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>L'orologiaio cieco</b></i> (titolo originale <i>The Blind Watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe Without Design</i>) è un libro di <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dawkins" title="Richard Dawkins">Richard Dawkins</a>, nel quale egli presenta una spiegazione, e una discussione, della teoria dell'evoluzione mediante la selezione naturale. Inoltre, offre una discussione per respingere certe critiche mosse al suo primo libro, <a href="/wiki/Il_gene_egoista" title="Il gene egoista">Il gene egoista</a>. </p><p>Nel <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a> il libro ha ottenuto il premio della <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Literature" title="Royal Society of Literature">Royal Society of Literature</a> ed il premio del <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> nella categoria attualità (current interest)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contenuto">Contenuto</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27orologiaio_cieco&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Contenuto" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27orologiaio_cieco&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Contenuto"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BiomorphBounce.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/BiomorphBounce.png/220px-BiomorphBounce.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/BiomorphBounce.png/330px-BiomorphBounce.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/BiomorphBounce.png 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="279" /></a><figcaption>Esempio di "biomorfo" prodotto da un programma per computer che simula un sistema evolutivo artificiale. I parametri dei "geni" che esprimono questo specifico biomorfo sono visibili nella barra al di sopra della figura.</figcaption></figure> <p>In questo libro l'autore affronta il tema della complessità del mondo biologico dal punto di vista della moderna <a href="/wiki/Biologia_evolutiva" title="Biologia evolutiva">biologia evolutiva</a>, spiegando come l'estrema improbabilità legata alle sofisticate configurazioni degli esseri viventi possa trovare una risposta soddisfacente nella corretta conoscenza del funzionamento dei sistemi selettivi secondo logiche darwiniane. Rifacendosi alla celebre <a href="/wiki/Analogia_dell%27orologiaio" title="Analogia dell'orologiaio">analogia dell'orologiaio</a> del filosofo e teologo <a href="/wiki/William_Paley" title="William Paley">William Paley</a>, Dawkins la modifica in quella dell'orologiaio cieco, dove l'affascinante varietà e complessità degli organismi diventano una conseguenza inevitabile di processi di <a href="/wiki/Selezione_naturale" title="Selezione naturale">selezione naturale</a> che rendono superflua la necessità dell'esistenza di un disegno intenzionale ad opera di un'entità sovrannaturale. </p><p>Per spiegare il modo in cui si sono sviluppati organi estremamente sofisticati come l'occhio o l'ancor più singolare sistema di <a href="/wiki/Ecolocazione#Ecolocalizzazione_nei_pipistrelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecolocazione">ecolocazione ultrasonica del pipistrello</a>, non bastano però meccanismi legati a semplici variazioni casuali, che anche nel caso di tempi lunghissimi, come quelli della <a href="/wiki/Evoluzione_della_vita" title="Evoluzione della vita">vita sulla terra</a>, non risulterebbero minimamente sufficienti al raggiungimento di un tale grado di complessità. Ma un sistema di selezione cumulativa, in cui ad ogni passo i miglioramenti vengono messi alla prova, scartando le soluzioni meno efficienti, è la soluzione che avviene in natura per arrivare a creare ordine dal caos, ottenendo risultati strabilianti, in grado di sfidare le leggi di probabilità. </p><p>Per simulare questi meccanismi e renderli più semplici da comprendere e visualizzare, l'autore ha quindi sviluppato un semplice programma per computer in grado di creare e modificare strutture bidimensionali ramificate secondo schemi che simulano i meccanismi biologici, compresa la derivazione genetica, in questo caso rappresentata attraverso parametri numerici operanti sulle forme stesse. Questi semplici "biomorfi", selezionati nella loro evoluzione secondo logiche arbitrarie operate dall'autore, sostituitosi in questo all'opera della selezione naturale, hanno mostrato una notevole capacità di ricreare forme di estrema complessità in un numero limitato di passaggi. L'autore prende spunto da questo esperimento per sostenere come l'opera di passaggi piccoli e graduali risulti l'unica via percorribile dal punto di vista evoluzionistico, poiché salti più significativi non potrebbero sfruttare il meccanismo di selezione cumulativa, affidando il successo della mutazione unicamente al caso, rendendo perciò altamente improbabile qualsiasi cambiamento efficiente. </p><p>Per sostenere questa visione, e per sfatare una delle obiezioni più comuni al meccanismo evolutivo secondo logiche darwiniane, Dawkins mostra come si ritrovino nelle tracce fossili ed in natura innumerevoli esempi di come queste variazioni continue di efficienza si siano prodotte e sviluppate in organi ed esseri viventi. Fatto ulteriormente dimostrato dai numerosi casi di <a href="/wiki/Convergenza_evolutiva" title="Convergenza evolutiva">convergenza evolutiva</a>, in cui problemi simili hanno portato specie diverse a sviluppare indipendentemente soluzioni sovrapponibili, come l'ecolocazione di pipistrelli e cetacei, o le molte strategie sociali comuni a formiche e termiti. Il tutto sotto il controllo di una molecola dotata della fondamentale capacità dell'autoreplicazione, il <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>, che tramite la ripetizione di semplici sequenze riesce ad immagazzinare una sbalorditiva quantità di informazioni, le quali a loro volta possono dare vita a strategie per la sopravvivenza di grande raffinatezza e complessità, tra cui gli organismi viventi. Questo grazie a meccanismi di interazione tra geni di tipo collaborativo che nel tempo hanno portato alla creazione di sistemi biologici sempre più complessi, ed alla parallela competizione tra gli organismi biologici stessi, impegnati in una rincorsa senza fine per la sopravvivenza. </p><p>Nell'ultima parte l'autore si occupa delle teorie che si sono poste come alternative al darwinismo classico, come quella degli <a href="/wiki/Equilibri_punteggiati" class="mw-redirect" title="Equilibri punteggiati">equilibri punteggiati</a>, mostrando come in questo caso le supposte differenze siano il frutto di alcuni fraintendimenti e manipolazioni mediatiche, piuttosto che reali differenze nei meccanismi proposti. Riguardo a teorie decisamente in opposizione a quella proposta dal neodarwinismo, come quella di <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Lamarck#La_teoria_dell'evoluzione_biologica_di_Lamarck" title="Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck">Lamarck</a>, o quella <a href="/wiki/Mutazionismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutazionismo">mutazionista</a>, l'autore ne illustra i punti deboli, e come il <a href="/wiki/Neodarwinismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Neodarwinismo">neo-darwinismo</a> risulti molto più efficace nello spiegare le sorprendenti capacità di adattamento degli organismi all'ambiente. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Edizioni">Edizioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27orologiaio_cieco&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Edizioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27orologiaio_cieco&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Edizioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <span style="font-style:italic;">L'orologiaio cieco. Creazione o evoluzione?</span>, traduzione di Libero Sosio, Milano, Rizzoli, 1988, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-17-85284-8" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-17-85284-8">88-17-85284-8</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <span style="font-style:italic;">L'orologiaio cieco</span>, Collana Oscar Quark, Milano, Mondadori, 2003-2018.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27orologiaio_cieco&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27orologiaio_cieco&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/research/innovation-union/ic2011/index_en.cfm?pg=speaker_details&speaker=dawkins"><span style="font-style:italic;">Richard Dawkins</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">ec.europa.eu</span>, European Commission- Innovation Union. <small>URL consultato il 30 settembre 2012</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27orologiaio_cieco&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27orologiaio_cieco&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Richard_Dawkins#L.27orologiaio_cieco" class="extiw" title="q:Richard Dawkins">Wikiquote</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiquote"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a> contiene citazioni tratte da <b><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Richard_Dawkins#L.27orologiaio_cieco" class="extiw" title="q:Richard Dawkins"><i>l'orologiaio cieco</i></a></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27orologiaio_cieco&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27orologiaio_cieco&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Blind-Watchmaker"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Blind Watchmaker</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477792#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Library" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL1966501W"><span style="font-style:italic;">Edizioni e traduzioni di L'orologiaio cieco</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Library">Open Library</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477792#P648" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGoodreads" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/work/editions/112713"><span style="font-style:italic;">L'orologiaio cieco</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Goodreads" title="Goodreads">Goodreads</a></span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477792#P8383" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; 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