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In the event, the line\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA26","page_number":"26","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eperpetual peace\u003c/b\u003e. In addition, it is in the work of Kant that the prin- ciples of liberalism in its international application are brought most fully into alignment with the principles of liberalism as applying to the internal domestic\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA134","page_number":"134","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eperpetual\u003c/b\u003e war. Where property is not transferr\u0026#39;d by consent, there can be no commerce. Where promises are not observ\u0026#39;d, there can be no leagues nor alliances. The advantages, therefore, of \u003cb\u003epeace\u003c/b\u003e, commerce, and mutual succour, make us\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA144","page_number":"144","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eperpetual peace\u003c/b\u003e in the international sphere. The two fundamental premises of the plan, as Bentham formulated them, were the reduction and fixing of the forces of the states belonging to the European system and the emancipation of the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA150","page_number":"150","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eperpetual peace\u003c/b\u003e among states. Even so, there was no real and sus- tained effort on Bentham\u0026#39;s part to establish how precisely utilitarian con- siderations were to serve to provide convincing normative-theoretical support for the actual\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA157","page_number":"157","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eperpetual peace\u003c/b\u003e of the Abbé de Saint-Pierre, as these had been first published in different printings and versions in 1712, 1713 and 1717 and subsequently published in abridged form in editions appearing in 1729 and 1738 under the title\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA158","page_number":"158","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ePerpetual Peace\u003c/b\u003e, Rousseau endorsed Saint-Pierre\u0026#39;s proposals for a lasting peace established through a confederation of states. He accepted that the states of Europe were to be found freely associated together in a community based in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA169","page_number":"169","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ePerpetual Peace\u003c/b\u003e, as under the terms of what, as we shall see, was the first of the three so-called definitive articles of \u003cb\u003eperpetual peace\u003c/b\u003e. This article provided that states were to adopt the republican form of civil consti- tution as a\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA172","page_number":"172","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ePerpetual Peace\u003c/b\u003e. The argument of \u003cb\u003ePerpetual Peace\u003c/b\u003e is set out in the form of an imaginary treaty between states, where there are laid down the con- ditions that Kant took to be necessary for the realization of an endur- ing peace in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA174","page_number":"174","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ePerpetual Peace\u003c/b\u003e to that of The Metaphysical Elements of Justice. For in the latter work, Kant\u0026#39;s exposition of the law of nations was given over almost wholly to the law of nations as it concerned the waging of war by states. That this\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA177","page_number":"177","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eperpetual peace\u003c/b\u003e and with the constitutional orders concerned standing together with the substantive law of nations to form the law of peace. With the first definitive article, as we have discussed, Kant laid it down that the civil\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA181","page_number":"181","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eperpetual peace\u003c/b\u003e. For the fundamental truth about the federation was that, with it, Kant gave expression to the view that the precondition for peace in the international sphere was not the existence of international insti- tutions as\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA182","page_number":"182","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eperpetual peace\u003c/b\u003e, Kant turned to cosmo- politan law. This was the body of public law that Kant saw as constitut- ing ... peaceful forms of mutual intercourse that remained subject to a universally accepted system of law. In this way\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA183","page_number":"183","snippet_text":"... peace; and it was clearly something that he took as evidence, as along with the other forms of interactions among nations and peoples, to support the judgment in \u003cb\u003ePerpetual Peace\u003c/b\u003e as to the real advances being made by nations and\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA184","page_number":"184","snippet_text":"... peace set out in \u003cb\u003ePerpetual Peace\u003c/b\u003e, Kant affirmed explicitly, or indirectly in anticipation of the future, the substantive principles of international law and international order that are central for liberal international- ism. The\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA186","page_number":"186","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eperpetual peace\u003c/b\u003e as unfolding, and as having its actualization, only within the historical process. In the Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Purpose, Kant argued that nature comprised a teleological, or purposive, order\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA188","page_number":"188","snippet_text":"... peace among men, and with nature in this providing for a peace that maintained itself through the balance of forces ... \u003cb\u003eperpetual peace\u003c/b\u003e in history, is not to be accepted as doing duty for the conception of natural law as in the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA193","page_number":"193","snippet_text":"... peace. Hence ambassadors were to be respected, and wars waged against the internal institutions of states or on ... \u003cb\u003eperpetual peace\u003c/b\u003e among men and states. With Hegel, the historical process was described as a rational process that\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA197","page_number":"197","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eperpetual peace\u003c/b\u003e among states as based in law. At the same time, however, Bentham and Kant are taken as thinkers who, despite the dif- ferences between them, broke decisively with the terms of the natural law conceptualization of the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA210","page_number":"210","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ePerpetual Peace\u003c/b\u003e\u0026#39;, pp. 547–50. 48. Bentham, PIL, Essay 4, pp. 550–2. 49. Ibid., Essay 4, pp. 552–4. 50. Ibid., Essay 4, pp. 554–60. 51. Bentham, AF, p. 501. 52. John Austin, The Province of Jurisprudence Determined, ed. Wilfrid E. Rumble\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA211","page_number":"211","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ePerpetual Peace\u003c/b\u003e, trans. C.E. Vaughan, in Rousseau on International Relations, ed. Stanley Hoffmann and David P. Fidler (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991), pp. 33–47, 53–100; The Social Contract, trans. Maurice Cranston (Harmondsworth\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA213","page_number":"213","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ePerpetual Peace\u003c/b\u003e \u0026#39; , espe- cially pp . 112–14 . 38. For Hegel\u0026#39;s discussion of abstract right , morality and ethical life in its three moments of the family , civil society and the state , see respectively Parts 1 , 2 and 3 of the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA217","page_number":"217","snippet_text":"... Peace: Theory and Practice in the History of Relations between States (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1963) ... \u003cb\u003ePerpetual Peace\u003c/b\u003e: A Philosophical Sketch, in Political Writings, pp. 93–130. Bibliography 217.","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=0e3MCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA217\u0026vq=perpetual+peace"},{"page_id":"PA218","page_number":"218","snippet_text":"A Critical Survey from Vitoria to Hegel C. Covell. \u003cb\u003ePerpetual Peace\u003c/b\u003e: A Philosophical Sketch, in Political Writings, pp. 93–130. The Metaphysical Elements of Justice, Part 1 of The Metaphysics of Morals, trans. John Ladd (Indianapolis and\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=0e3MCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA218\u0026vq=perpetual+peace"},{"page_id":"PA219","page_number":"219","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ePerpetual Peace\u003c/b\u003e, trans. C.E. Vaughan, in Rousseau on International Relations, pp. 53–100. The Social Contract, trans. Maurice Cranston (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1968). Ruddy, Francis Stephen: International Law in the Enlightenment\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=0e3MCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA219\u0026vq=perpetual+peace"},{"page_id":"PA227","page_number":"227","snippet_text":"... Peace of Westphalia, the, 2 perfect and imperfect rights and obligations, the distinction between Pufendorf on, 76–7, 88–9 Vattel on, 99–101 \u003cb\u003eperpetual peace\u003c/b\u003e, the ideal and principles of in the international sphere, Bentham on, 12\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=0e3MCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA227\u0026vq=perpetual+peace"},{"page_id":"PA228","page_number":"228","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eperpetual peace\u003c/b\u003e , 13 , 26 , 169–71 , 177–8 , 184 , 185 , 187 Rousseau on , 159 , 160–1 , 177 resistance , the right of in regard to tyrannical rulers , 15 , 115 , 125 , 129–30 , 168 right intention , as a condition for justice in war\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=0e3MCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA228\u0026vq=perpetual+peace"}],"search_query_escaped":"perpetual peace"},{});</script></div></div></div><script>(function() {var href = window.location.href;if (href.indexOf('?') !== -1) {var parameters = href.split('?')[1].split('&');for (var i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {var param = parameters[i].split('=');if (param[0] == 'focus') {var elem = document.getElementById(param[1]);if (elem) {elem.focus();}}}}})();</script>