CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style>  <meta name="google-site-verification" content="UEuEFqVgFxe2Qm5xVqncsQHzpjp56l00Ymw3agurf2Y" /> <title>Trust-Building For Security – I Am Security</title> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//secure.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//v0.wordpress.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//jetpack.wordpress.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//public-api.wordpress.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//0.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//1.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//2.gravatar.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="I Am Security » Feed" href="https://www.iamit.org/blog/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="I Am Security » Comments Feed" href="https://www.iamit.org/blog/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="I Am Security » Trust-Building For Security Comments Feed" href="https://www.iamit.org/blog/2019/03/trust-building-for-security/feed/" />  <script src="//www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-NYL2Q21X4G" data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" async></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false"> var mi_version = '9.2.2'; var mi_track_user = true; var mi_no_track_reason = ''; var MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations = {"page_location":"https:\/\/www.iamit.org\/blog\/2019\/03\/trust-building-for-security\/"}; if ( typeof MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter === 'function' ) { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery ) : MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations ); } else { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery : MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations; } var disableStrs = [ 'ga-disable-G-NYL2Q21X4G', ]; /* Function to detect opted out users */ function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { if (document.cookie.indexOf(disableStrs[index] + '=true') > -1) { return true; } } return false; } /* Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. */ if (__gtagTrackerIsOptedOut()) { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } /* Opt-out function */ function __gtagTrackerOptout() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { document.cookie = disableStrs[index] + '=true; expires=Thu, 31 Dec 2099 23:59:59 UTC; path=/'; window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) { function gaOptout() { __gtagTrackerOptout(); } } window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.MonsterInsightsDualTracker = { helpers: {}, trackers: {}, }; if (mi_track_user) { function __gtagDataLayer() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } function __gtagTracker(type, name, parameters) { if (!parameters) { parameters = {}; } if (parameters.send_to) { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); return; } if (type === 'event') { parameters.send_to = monsterinsights_frontend.v4_id; var hookName = name; if (typeof parameters['event_category'] !== 'undefined') { hookName = parameters['event_category'] + ':' + name; } if (typeof MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName] !== 'undefined') { MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName](parameters); } else { __gtagDataLayer('event', name, parameters); } } else { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); } } __gtagTracker('js', new Date()); __gtagTracker('set', { 'developer_id.dZGIzZG': true, }); if ( MonsterInsightsLocations.page_location ) { __gtagTracker('set', MonsterInsightsLocations); } __gtagTracker('config', 'G-NYL2Q21X4G', {"forceSSL":"true"} ); window.gtag = __gtagTracker; (function () { /* https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ */ /* ga and __gaTracker compatibility shim. */ var noopfn = function () { return null; }; var newtracker = function () { return new Tracker(); }; var Tracker = function () { return null; }; var p = Tracker.prototype; p.get = noopfn; p.set = noopfn; p.send = function () { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); args.unshift('send'); __gaTracker.apply(null, args); }; var __gaTracker = function () { var len = arguments.length; if (len === 0) { return; } var f = arguments[len - 1]; if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') { if ('send' === arguments[0]) { var hitConverted, hitObject = false, action; if ('event' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[3]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': arguments[3], 'eventCategory': arguments[2], 'eventLabel': arguments[4], 'value': arguments[5] ? arguments[5] : 1, } } } if ('pageview' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[2]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': 'page_view', 'page_path': arguments[2], } } } if (typeof arguments[2] === 'object') { hitObject = arguments[2]; } if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { Object.assign(hitObject, arguments[5]); } if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[1].hitType) { hitObject = arguments[1]; if ('pageview' === hitObject.hitType) { hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view'; } } if (hitObject) { action = 'timing' === arguments[1].hitType ? 'timing_complete' : hitObject.eventAction; hitConverted = mapArgs(hitObject); __gtagTracker('event', action, hitConverted); } } return; } function mapArgs(args) { var arg, hit = {}; var gaMap = { 'eventCategory': 'event_category', 'eventAction': 'event_action', 'eventLabel': 'event_label', 'eventValue': 'event_value', 'nonInteraction': 'non_interaction', 'timingCategory': 'event_category', 'timingVar': 'name', 'timingValue': 'value', 'timingLabel': 'event_label', 'page': 'page_path', 'location': 'page_location', 'title': 'page_title', 'referrer' : 'page_referrer', }; for (arg in args) { if (!(!args.hasOwnProperty(arg) || !gaMap.hasOwnProperty(arg))) { hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; } else { hit[arg] = args[arg]; } } return hit; } try { f.hitCallback(); } catch (ex) { } }; __gaTracker.create = newtracker; __gaTracker.getByName = newtracker; __gaTracker.getAll = function () { return []; }; __gaTracker.remove = noopfn; __gaTracker.loaded = true; window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker; })(); } else { console.log(""); (function () { function __gtagTracker() { return null; } window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; window['gtag'] = __gtagTracker; })(); } </script>  <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.iamit.org\/blog\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style id='wp-block-site-logo-inline-css'> .wp-block-site-logo{box-sizing:border-box;line-height:0}.wp-block-site-logo a{display:inline-block;line-height:0}.wp-block-site-logo.is-default-size img{height:auto;width:120px}.wp-block-site-logo img{height:auto;max-width:100%}.wp-block-site-logo a,.wp-block-site-logo img{border-radius:inherit}.wp-block-site-logo.aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;text-align:center}:root :where(.wp-block-site-logo.is-style-rounded){border-radius:9999px} </style> <style id='wp-block-site-title-inline-css'> .wp-block-site-title{box-sizing:border-box}.wp-block-site-title :where(a){color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;line-height:inherit;text-decoration:inherit} </style> <style id='wp-block-group-inline-css'> .wp-block-group{box-sizing:border-box}:where(.wp-block-group.wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained){position:relative} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-navigation-css' href='https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-includes/blocks/navigation/style.min.css?ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-post-featured-image-inline-css'> .wp-block-post-featured-image{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}.wp-block-post-featured-image a{display:block;height:100%}.wp-block-post-featured-image :where(img){box-sizing:border-box;height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom;width:100%}.wp-block-post-featured-image.alignfull img,.wp-block-post-featured-image.alignwide img{width:100%}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim{background-color:#000;inset:0;position:absolute}.wp-block-post-featured-image{position:relative}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-gradient{background-color:initial}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-0{opacity:0}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-10{opacity:.1}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-20{opacity:.2}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-30{opacity:.3}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-40{opacity:.4}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-50{opacity:.5}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-60{opacity:.6}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-70{opacity:.7}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-80{opacity:.8}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-90{opacity:.9}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-100{opacity:1}.wp-block-post-featured-image:where(.alignleft,.alignright){width:100%} </style> <style id='wp-block-post-title-inline-css'> .wp-block-post-title{box-sizing:border-box;word-break:break-word}.wp-block-post-title :where(a){display:inline-block;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;line-height:inherit;text-decoration:inherit} </style> <style id='wp-block-post-date-inline-css'> .wp-block-post-date{box-sizing:border-box} </style> <style id='wp-block-paragraph-inline-css'> .is-small-text{font-size:.875em}.is-regular-text{font-size:1em}.is-large-text{font-size:2.25em}.is-larger-text{font-size:3em}.has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:left;font-size:8.4em;font-style:normal;font-weight:100;line-height:.68;margin:.05em .1em 0 0;text-transform:uppercase}body.rtl .has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:none;margin-left:.1em}p.has-drop-cap.has-background{overflow:hidden}:root :where(p.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}:where(p.has-text-color:not(.has-link-color)) a{color:inherit}p.has-text-align-left[style*="writing-mode:vertical-lr"],p.has-text-align-right[style*="writing-mode:vertical-rl"]{rotate:180deg} </style> <style id='wp-block-post-author-name-inline-css'> .wp-block-post-author-name{box-sizing:border-box} </style> <style id='wp-block-post-terms-inline-css'> .wp-block-post-terms{box-sizing:border-box}.wp-block-post-terms .wp-block-post-terms__separator{white-space:pre-wrap} .is-style-pill a, .is-style-pill span:not([class], [data-rich-text-placeholder]) { display: inline-block; background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--base-2); padding: 0.375rem 0.875rem; border-radius: var(--wp--preset--spacing--20); } .is-style-pill a:hover { background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast-3); } </style> <style id='wp-block-post-content-inline-css'> .wp-block-post-content{display:flow-root} </style> <style id='wp-block-spacer-inline-css'> .wp-block-spacer{clear:both} </style> <style id='wp-block-separator-inline-css'> @charset "UTF-8";.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-top:2px solid}:root :where(.wp-block-separator.is-style-dots){height:auto;line-height:1;text-align:center}:root :where(.wp-block-separator.is-style-dots):before{color:currentColor;content:"···";font-family:serif;font-size:1.5em;letter-spacing:2em;padding-left:2em}.wp-block-separator.is-style-dots{background:none!important;border:none!important} </style> <style id='wp-block-heading-inline-css'> h1.has-background,h2.has-background,h3.has-background,h4.has-background,h5.has-background,h6.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em}h1.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h1.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]),h2.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h2.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]),h3.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h3.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]),h4.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h4.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]),h5.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h5.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]),h6.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h6.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]){rotate:180deg} .is-style-asterisk:before { content: ''; width: 1.5rem; height: 3rem; background: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast-2, currentColor); clip-path: path('M11.93.684v8.039l5.633-5.633 1.216 1.23-5.66 5.66h8.04v1.737H13.2l5.701 5.701-1.23 1.23-5.742-5.742V21h-1.737v-8.094l-5.77 5.77-1.23-1.217 5.743-5.742H.842V9.98h8.162l-5.701-5.7 1.23-1.231 5.66 5.66V.684h1.737Z'); display: block; } /* Hide the asterisk if the heading has no content, to avoid using empty headings to display the asterisk only, which is an A11Y issue */ .is-style-asterisk:empty:before { content: none; } .is-style-asterisk:-moz-only-whitespace:before { content: none; } .is-style-asterisk.has-text-align-center:before { margin: 0 auto; } .is-style-asterisk.has-text-align-right:before { margin-left: auto; } .rtl .is-style-asterisk.has-text-align-left:before { margin-right: auto; } </style> <style id='wp-block-comment-template-inline-css'> .wp-block-comment-template{box-sizing:border-box;list-style:none;margin-bottom:0;max-width:100%;padding:0}.wp-block-comment-template li{clear:both}.wp-block-comment-template ol{list-style:none;margin-bottom:0;max-width:100%;padding-left:2rem}.wp-block-comment-template.alignleft{float:left}.wp-block-comment-template.aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content}.wp-block-comment-template.alignright{float:right} </style> <style id='wp-block-comments-pagination-inline-css'> .wp-block-comments-pagination>.wp-block-comments-pagination-next,.wp-block-comments-pagination>.wp-block-comments-pagination-numbers,.wp-block-comments-pagination>.wp-block-comments-pagination-previous{margin-bottom:.5em;margin-right:.5em}.wp-block-comments-pagination>.wp-block-comments-pagination-next:last-child,.wp-block-comments-pagination>.wp-block-comments-pagination-numbers:last-child,.wp-block-comments-pagination>.wp-block-comments-pagination-previous:last-child{margin-right:0}.wp-block-comments-pagination .wp-block-comments-pagination-previous-arrow{display:inline-block;margin-right:1ch}.wp-block-comments-pagination .wp-block-comments-pagination-previous-arrow:not(.is-arrow-chevron){transform:scaleX(1)}.wp-block-comments-pagination .wp-block-comments-pagination-next-arrow{display:inline-block;margin-left:1ch}.wp-block-comments-pagination .wp-block-comments-pagination-next-arrow:not(.is-arrow-chevron){transform:scaleX(1)}.wp-block-comments-pagination.aligncenter{justify-content:center} </style> <style id='wp-block-post-comments-form-inline-css'> :where(.wp-block-post-comments-form) input:not([type=submit]),:where(.wp-block-post-comments-form) textarea{border:1px solid #949494;font-family:inherit;font-size:1em}:where(.wp-block-post-comments-form) input:where(:not([type=submit]):not([type=checkbox])),:where(.wp-block-post-comments-form) textarea{padding:calc(.667em + 2px)}.wp-block-post-comments-form{box-sizing:border-box}.wp-block-post-comments-form[style*=font-weight] :where(.comment-reply-title){font-weight:inherit}.wp-block-post-comments-form[style*=font-family] :where(.comment-reply-title){font-family:inherit}.wp-block-post-comments-form[class*=-font-size] :where(.comment-reply-title),.wp-block-post-comments-form[style*=font-size] :where(.comment-reply-title){font-size:inherit}.wp-block-post-comments-form[style*=line-height] :where(.comment-reply-title){line-height:inherit}.wp-block-post-comments-form[style*=font-style] :where(.comment-reply-title){font-style:inherit}.wp-block-post-comments-form[style*=letter-spacing] :where(.comment-reply-title){letter-spacing:inherit}.wp-block-post-comments-form :where(input[type=submit]){box-shadow:none;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;overflow-wrap:break-word;text-align:center}.wp-block-post-comments-form .comment-form input:not([type=submit]):not([type=checkbox]):not([type=hidden]),.wp-block-post-comments-form .comment-form textarea{box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:100%}.wp-block-post-comments-form .comment-form-author label,.wp-block-post-comments-form .comment-form-email label,.wp-block-post-comments-form .comment-form-url label{display:block;margin-bottom:.25em}.wp-block-post-comments-form .comment-form-cookies-consent{display:flex;gap:.25em}.wp-block-post-comments-form .comment-form-cookies-consent #wp-comment-cookies-consent{margin-top:.35em}.wp-block-post-comments-form .comment-reply-title{margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-post-comments-form .comment-reply-title :where(small){font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium,smaller);margin-left:.5em} </style> <style id='wp-block-buttons-inline-css'> .wp-block-buttons.is-vertical{flex-direction:column}.wp-block-buttons.is-vertical>.wp-block-button:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button{display:inline-block;margin:0}.wp-block-buttons.is-content-justification-left{justify-content:flex-start}.wp-block-buttons.is-content-justification-left.is-vertical{align-items:flex-start}.wp-block-buttons.is-content-justification-center{justify-content:center}.wp-block-buttons.is-content-justification-center.is-vertical{align-items:center}.wp-block-buttons.is-content-justification-right{justify-content:flex-end}.wp-block-buttons.is-content-justification-right.is-vertical{align-items:flex-end}.wp-block-buttons.is-content-justification-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.wp-block-buttons.aligncenter{text-align:center}.wp-block-buttons:not(.is-content-justification-space-between,.is-content-justification-right,.is-content-justification-left,.is-content-justification-center) .wp-block-button.aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:100%}.wp-block-buttons[style*=text-decoration] .wp-block-button,.wp-block-buttons[style*=text-decoration] .wp-block-button__link{text-decoration:inherit}.wp-block-buttons.has-custom-font-size .wp-block-button__link{font-size:inherit}.wp-block-button.aligncenter{text-align:center} </style> <style id='wp-block-button-inline-css'> .wp-block-button__link{box-sizing:border-box;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;text-align:center;word-break:break-word}.wp-block-button__link.aligncenter{text-align:center}.wp-block-button__link.alignright{text-align:right}:where(.wp-block-button__link){border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration:none}.wp-block-button[style*=text-decoration] .wp-block-button__link{text-decoration:inherit}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button.has-custom-width{max-width:none}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button.has-custom-width .wp-block-button__link{width:100%}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button.has-custom-font-size .wp-block-button__link{font-size:inherit}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button.wp-block-button__width-25{width:calc(25% - var(--wp--style--block-gap, .5em)*.75)}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button.wp-block-button__width-50{width:calc(50% - var(--wp--style--block-gap, .5em)*.5)}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button.wp-block-button__width-75{width:calc(75% - var(--wp--style--block-gap, .5em)*.25)}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button.wp-block-button__width-100{flex-basis:100%;width:100%}.wp-block-buttons.is-vertical>.wp-block-button.wp-block-button__width-25{width:25%}.wp-block-buttons.is-vertical>.wp-block-button.wp-block-button__width-50{width:50%}.wp-block-buttons.is-vertical>.wp-block-button.wp-block-button__width-75{width:75%}.wp-block-button.is-style-squared,.wp-block-button__link.wp-block-button.is-style-squared{border-radius:0}.wp-block-button.no-border-radius,.wp-block-button__link.no-border-radius{border-radius:0!important}:root :where(.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline),:root :where(.wp-block-button.is-style-outline>.wp-block-button__link){border:2px solid;padding:.667em 1.333em}:root :where(.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline:not(.has-text-color)),:root :where(.wp-block-button.is-style-outline>.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color)){color:currentColor}:root :where(.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline:not(.has-background)),:root :where(.wp-block-button.is-style-outline>.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background)){background-color:initial;background-image:none} </style> <style id='wp-block-comments-inline-css'> .wp-block-post-comments{box-sizing:border-box}.wp-block-post-comments .alignleft{float:left}.wp-block-post-comments .alignright{float:right}.wp-block-post-comments .navigation:after{clear:both;content:"";display:table}.wp-block-post-comments .commentlist{clear:both;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.wp-block-post-comments .commentlist .comment{min-height:2.25em;padding-left:3.25em}.wp-block-post-comments .commentlist .comment p{font-size:1em;line-height:1.8;margin:1em 0}.wp-block-post-comments .commentlist .children{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.wp-block-post-comments .comment-author{line-height:1.5}.wp-block-post-comments .comment-author .avatar{border-radius:1.5em;display:block;float:left;height:2.5em;margin-right:.75em;margin-top:.5em;width:2.5em}.wp-block-post-comments .comment-author cite{font-style:normal}.wp-block-post-comments .comment-meta{font-size:.875em;line-height:1.5}.wp-block-post-comments .comment-meta b{font-weight:400}.wp-block-post-comments .comment-meta .comment-awaiting-moderation{display:block;margin-bottom:1em;margin-top:1em}.wp-block-post-comments .comment-body .commentmetadata{font-size:.875em}.wp-block-post-comments .comment-form-author label,.wp-block-post-comments .comment-form-comment label,.wp-block-post-comments .comment-form-email label,.wp-block-post-comments .comment-form-url label{display:block;margin-bottom:.25em}.wp-block-post-comments .comment-form input:not([type=submit]):not([type=checkbox]),.wp-block-post-comments .comment-form textarea{box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:100%}.wp-block-post-comments .comment-form-cookies-consent{display:flex;gap:.25em}.wp-block-post-comments .comment-form-cookies-consent #wp-comment-cookies-consent{margin-top:.35em}.wp-block-post-comments .comment-reply-title{margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-post-comments .comment-reply-title :where(small){font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium,smaller);margin-left:.5em}.wp-block-post-comments .reply{font-size:.875em;margin-bottom:1.4em}.wp-block-post-comments input:not([type=submit]),.wp-block-post-comments textarea{border:1px solid #949494;font-family:inherit;font-size:1em}.wp-block-post-comments input:not([type=submit]):not([type=checkbox]),.wp-block-post-comments textarea{padding:calc(.667em + 2px)}:where(.wp-block-post-comments input[type=submit]){border:none} </style> <style id='wp-block-post-navigation-link-inline-css'> .wp-block-post-navigation-link .wp-block-post-navigation-link__arrow-previous{display:inline-block;margin-right:1ch}.wp-block-post-navigation-link .wp-block-post-navigation-link__arrow-previous:not(.is-arrow-chevron){transform:scaleX(1)}.wp-block-post-navigation-link .wp-block-post-navigation-link__arrow-next{display:inline-block;margin-left:1ch}.wp-block-post-navigation-link .wp-block-post-navigation-link__arrow-next:not(.is-arrow-chevron){transform:scaleX(1)}.wp-block-post-navigation-link.has-text-align-left[style*="writing-mode: vertical-lr"],.wp-block-post-navigation-link.has-text-align-right[style*="writing-mode: vertical-rl"]{rotate:180deg} </style> <style id='wp-block-site-tagline-inline-css'> .wp-block-site-tagline{box-sizing:border-box} </style> <style id='wp-block-columns-inline-css'> .wp-block-columns{align-items:normal!important;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap!important}@media (min-width:782px){.wp-block-columns{flex-wrap:nowrap!important}}.wp-block-columns.are-vertically-aligned-top{align-items:flex-start}.wp-block-columns.are-vertically-aligned-center{align-items:center}.wp-block-columns.are-vertically-aligned-bottom{align-items:flex-end}@media (max-width:781px){.wp-block-columns:not(.is-not-stacked-on-mobile)>.wp-block-column{flex-basis:100%!important}}@media (min-width:782px){.wp-block-columns:not(.is-not-stacked-on-mobile)>.wp-block-column{flex-basis:0;flex-grow:1}.wp-block-columns:not(.is-not-stacked-on-mobile)>.wp-block-column[style*=flex-basis]{flex-grow:0}}.wp-block-columns.is-not-stacked-on-mobile{flex-wrap:nowrap!important}.wp-block-columns.is-not-stacked-on-mobile>.wp-block-column{flex-basis:0;flex-grow:1}.wp-block-columns.is-not-stacked-on-mobile>.wp-block-column[style*=flex-basis]{flex-grow:0}:where(.wp-block-columns){margin-bottom:1.75em}:where(.wp-block-columns.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-column{flex-grow:1;min-width:0;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word}.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-top{align-self:flex-start}.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-center{align-self:center}.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-bottom{align-self:flex-end}.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-stretch{align-self:stretch}.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-bottom,.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-center,.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-top{width:100%} </style> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/common.min.css?ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--base: #272727;--wp--preset--color--base-2: #303030;--wp--preset--color--contrast: #f9f9f9;--wp--preset--color--contrast-2: #B7B7B7;--wp--preset--color--contrast-3: #909090;--wp--preset--color--accent: #5F584F;--wp--preset--color--accent-2: #6D533C;--wp--preset--color--accent-3: #973C20;--wp--preset--color--accent-4: #4D5B48;--wp--preset--color--accent-5: #4F5959;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-1: linear-gradient(to bottom, #5F584F 0%, #272727 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-2: linear-gradient(to bottom, #6D533C 0%, #272727 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-3: linear-gradient(to bottom, #973C20 0%, #272727 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-4: linear-gradient(to bottom, #4D5B48 0%, #272727 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-5: linear-gradient(to bottom, #4F5959 0%, #272727 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-6: linear-gradient(to bottom, #909090 0%, #272727 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-7: linear-gradient(to bottom, #5F584F 50%, #272727 50%);--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-8: linear-gradient(to bottom, #6D533C 50%, #272727 50%);--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-9: linear-gradient(to bottom, #973C20 50%, #272727 50%);--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-10: linear-gradient(to bottom, #4D5B48 50%, #272727 50%);--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-11: linear-gradient(to bottom, #4F5959 50%, #272727 50%);--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-12: linear-gradient(to bottom, #A4A4A4 50%, #272727 50%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 0.9rem;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 1.05rem;--wp--preset--font-size--large: clamp(1.39rem, 1.39rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 0.767), 1.85rem);--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: clamp(1.85rem, 1.85rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 1.083), 2.5rem);--wp--preset--font-size--xx-large: clamp(2.5rem, 2.5rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 1.283), 3.27rem);--wp--preset--font-family--body: "Inter", sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--heading: Cardo;--wp--preset--font-family--system-sans-serif: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, avenir next, avenir, segoe ui, helvetica neue, helvetica, Cantarell, Ubuntu, roboto, noto, arial, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--system-serif: Iowan Old Style, Apple Garamond, Baskerville, Times New Roman, Droid Serif, Times, Source Serif Pro, serif, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol;--wp--preset--spacing--20: min(1.5rem, 2vw);--wp--preset--spacing--30: min(2.5rem, 3vw);--wp--preset--spacing--40: min(4rem, 5vw);--wp--preset--spacing--50: min(6.5rem, 8vw);--wp--preset--spacing--60: min(10.5rem, 13vw);--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--spacing--10: 1rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:root { --wp--style--global--content-size: 620px;--wp--style--global--wide-size: 1280px; }:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks { padding-top: var(--wp--style--root--padding-top); padding-bottom: var(--wp--style--root--padding-bottom); }.has-global-padding { padding-right: var(--wp--style--root--padding-right); padding-left: var(--wp--style--root--padding-left); }.has-global-padding > .alignfull { margin-right: calc(var(--wp--style--root--padding-right) * -1); margin-left: calc(var(--wp--style--root--padding-left) * -1); }.has-global-padding :where(:not(.alignfull.is-layout-flow) > .has-global-padding:not(.wp-block-block, .alignfull)) { padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; }.has-global-padding :where(:not(.alignfull.is-layout-flow) > .has-global-padding:not(.wp-block-block, .alignfull)) > .alignfull { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > * { margin-block-start: 1.2rem; margin-block-end: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :first-child { margin-block-start: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :last-child { margin-block-end: 0; }:root { --wp--style--block-gap: 1.2rem; }:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > *{margin-block-start: 1.2rem;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > *{margin-block-start: 1.2rem;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.2rem;}:root :where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.2rem;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--base);color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast);font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--body);font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium);font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;line-height: 1.55;--wp--style--root--padding-top: 0px;--wp--style--root--padding-right: var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);--wp--style--root--padding-bottom: 0px;--wp--style--root--padding-left: var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);}a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast);text-decoration: underline;}:root :where(a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)):hover){text-decoration: none;}h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6{color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast);font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--heading);font-weight: 400;line-height: 1.2;}h1{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--xx-large);line-height: 1.15;}h2{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large);}h3{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large);}h4{font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 1.1rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 0.767), 1.5rem);}h5{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium);}h6{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast);border-radius: .33rem;border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast);border-width: 0;color: var(--wp--preset--color--base);font-family: inherit;font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);font-style: normal;font-weight: 500;line-height: inherit;padding-top: 0.6rem;padding-right: 1rem;padding-bottom: 0.6rem;padding-left: 1rem;text-decoration: none;}:root :where(.wp-element-button:hover, .wp-block-button__link:hover){background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast-2);border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast-2);color: var(--wp--preset--color--base);}:root :where(.wp-element-button:focus, .wp-block-button__link:focus){background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast-2);border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast-2);color: var(--wp--preset--color--base);outline-color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast);outline-offset: 2px;outline-style: dotted;outline-width: 1px;}:root :where(.wp-element-button:active, .wp-block-button__link:active){background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast);color: var(--wp--preset--color--base);}:root :where(.wp-element-caption, .wp-block-audio figcaption, .wp-block-embed figcaption, .wp-block-gallery figcaption, .wp-block-image figcaption, .wp-block-table figcaption, .wp-block-video figcaption){color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast-2);font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--body);font-size: 0.8rem;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-base-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--base) !important;}.has-base-2-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--base-2) !important;}.has-contrast-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast) !important;}.has-contrast-2-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast-2) !important;}.has-contrast-3-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast-3) !important;}.has-accent-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--accent) !important;}.has-accent-2-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--accent-2) !important;}.has-accent-3-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--accent-3) !important;}.has-accent-4-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--accent-4) !important;}.has-accent-5-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--accent-5) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-base-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--base) !important;}.has-base-2-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--base-2) !important;}.has-contrast-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast) !important;}.has-contrast-2-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast-2) !important;}.has-contrast-3-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast-3) !important;}.has-accent-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--accent) !important;}.has-accent-2-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--accent-2) !important;}.has-accent-3-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--accent-3) !important;}.has-accent-4-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--accent-4) !important;}.has-accent-5-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--accent-5) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-base-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--base) !important;}.has-base-2-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--base-2) !important;}.has-contrast-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast) !important;}.has-contrast-2-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast-2) !important;}.has-contrast-3-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast-3) !important;}.has-accent-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--accent) !important;}.has-accent-2-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--accent-2) !important;}.has-accent-3-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--accent-3) !important;}.has-accent-4-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--accent-4) !important;}.has-accent-5-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--accent-5) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-gradient-1-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-1) !important;}.has-gradient-2-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-2) !important;}.has-gradient-3-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-3) !important;}.has-gradient-4-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-4) !important;}.has-gradient-5-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-5) !important;}.has-gradient-6-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-6) !important;}.has-gradient-7-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-7) !important;}.has-gradient-8-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-8) !important;}.has-gradient-9-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-9) !important;}.has-gradient-10-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-10) !important;}.has-gradient-11-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-11) !important;}.has-gradient-12-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--gradient-12) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-xx-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--xx-large) !important;}.has-body-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--body) !important;}.has-heading-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--heading) !important;}.has-system-sans-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--system-sans-serif) !important;}.has-system-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--system-serif) !important;} :root :where(.wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flow) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flow) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flow) > *{margin-block-start: 0.7rem;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.wp-block-buttons-is-layout-constrained) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.wp-block-buttons-is-layout-constrained) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.wp-block-buttons-is-layout-constrained) > *{margin-block-start: 0.7rem;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex){gap: 0.7rem;}:root :where(.wp-block-buttons-is-layout-grid){gap: 0.7rem;} :root :where(.wp-block-post-comments-form textarea, .wp-block-post-comments-form input){border-radius:.33rem} :root :where(.wp-block-comments-pagination){font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);} :root :where(.wp-block-comments-pagination-next){font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);} :root :where(.wp-block-comments-pagination-previous){font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);} :root :where(.wp-block-navigation){font-weight: 500;} :root :where(.wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button))){text-decoration: none;} :root :where(.wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)):hover){text-decoration: underline;} :root :where(.wp-block-post-author-name){font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);} :root :where(.wp-block-post-author-name a:where(:not(.wp-element-button))){text-decoration: none;} :root :where(.wp-block-post-author-name a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)):hover){text-decoration: underline;} :root :where(.wp-block-post-date){color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast-2);font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);} :root :where(.wp-block-post-date a:where(:not(.wp-element-button))){color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast-2);text-decoration: none;} :root :where(.wp-block-post-date a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)):hover){text-decoration: underline;} :root :where(.wp-block-post-featured-image img, .wp-block-post-featured-image .block-editor-media-placeholder, .wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay){border-radius: var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);} :root :where(.wp-block-post-terms){font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);}:root :where(.wp-block-post-terms .wp-block-post-terms__prefix){color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast-2);} :root :where(.wp-block-post-terms a:where(:not(.wp-element-button))){text-decoration: none;} :root :where(.wp-block-post-terms a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)):hover){text-decoration: underline;} :root :where(.wp-block-post-title a:where(:not(.wp-element-button))){text-decoration: none;} :root :where(.wp-block-post-title a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)):hover){text-decoration: underline;} :root :where(.wp-block-separator){border-color: currentColor;border-width: 0 0 1px 0;border-style: solid;color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast);}:root :where(.wp-block-separator){}:root :where(.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots):not(.alignwide):not(.alignfull)){width: var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)} :root :where(.wp-block-site-tagline){color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast-2);font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);} :root :where(.wp-block-site-title){font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--body);font-size: clamp(0.875rem, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 0.542), 1.2rem);font-style: normal;font-weight: 600;} :root :where(.wp-block-site-title a:where(:not(.wp-element-button))){text-decoration: none;} :root :where(.wp-block-site-title a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)):hover){text-decoration: none;} </style> <style id='core-block-supports-inline-css'> .wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1 > *{margin-block-start:0;margin-block-end:0;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1 > * + *{margin-block-start:0px;margin-block-end:0;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-2{gap:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);}.wp-container-core-navigation-is-layout-1{gap:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);justify-content:flex-end;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-3{justify-content:space-between;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5{gap:0.3em;justify-content:flex-start;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-7{gap:var(--wp--preset--spacing--10);flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9{flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:space-between;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-13{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-elements-fb1dc8a358d6c5ee50b4614eb09d35bb a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color:var(--wp--preset--color--contrast);} </style> <style id='wp-block-template-skip-link-inline-css'> .skip-link.screen-reader-text { border: 0; clip: rect(1px,1px,1px,1px); clip-path: inset(50%); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute !important; width: 1px; word-wrap: normal !important; } .skip-link.screen-reader-text:focus { background-color: #eee; clip: auto !important; clip-path: none; color: #444; display: block; font-size: 1em; height: auto; left: 5px; line-height: normal; padding: 15px 23px 14px; text-decoration: none; top: 5px; width: auto; z-index: 100000; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=6.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sharedaddy-css' href='https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/sharedaddy/sharing.css?ver=14.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='social-logos-css' href='https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/social-logos/social-logos.min.css?ver=14.0' media='all' /> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/prototype/1.7.1.0/prototype.js?ver=1.7.1" id="prototype-js"></script> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/scriptaculous/1.9.0/scriptaculous.js?ver=1.9.0" id="scriptaculous-root-js"></script> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/scriptaculous/1.9.0/effects.js?ver=1.9.0" id="scriptaculous-effects-js"></script> <script src="https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-content/plugins/lightbox-2/lightbox.js?ver=1.8" id="lightbox-js"></script> <script src="https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-for-wordpress/assets/js/frontend-gtag.min.js?ver=9.2.2" id="monsterinsights-frontend-script-js" async data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" id='monsterinsights-frontend-script-js-extra'>var monsterinsights_frontend = {"js_events_tracking":"true","download_extensions":"doc,pdf,ppt,zip,xls,docx,pptx,xlsx","inbound_paths":"[]","home_url":"https:\/\/www.iamit.org\/blog","hash_tracking":"false","v4_id":"G-NYL2Q21X4G"};</script> <script src="https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/1630" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.iamit.org/blog/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.1" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.iamit.org/blog/2019/03/trust-building-for-security/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.iamit.org/blog/?p=1630' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iamit.org%2Fblog%2F2019%2F03%2Ftrust-building-for-security%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iamit.org%2Fblog%2F2019%2F03%2Ftrust-building-for-security%2F&format=xml" />   <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ document.write('<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-content/plugins/lightbox-2/Themes/Black/lightbox.css" type="text/css" media="screen" />'); //]]> </script>  <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <script type="importmap" id="wp-importmap"> {"imports":{"@wordpress\/interactivity":"https:\/\/www.iamit.org\/blog\/wp-includes\/js\/dist\/script-modules\/interactivity\/index.min.js?ver=06b8f695ef48ab2d9277"}} </script> <script type="module" src="https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-includes/js/dist/script-modules/block-library/navigation/view.min.js?ver=8ff192874fc8910a284c" id="@wordpress/block-library/navigation/view-js-module"></script> <link rel="modulepreload" href="https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-includes/js/dist/script-modules/interactivity/index.min.js?ver=06b8f695ef48ab2d9277" id="@wordpress/interactivity-js-modulepreload">  <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Trust-Building For Security" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.iamit.org/blog/2019/03/trust-building-for-security/" /> <meta property="og:description" content="This post was originally published on Forbes Trust is a fickle thing. And, weirdly enough, the basic assumption of a lot of security practices seems to include a certain level of trust in users tha…" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2019-03-14T14:49:00+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2020-02-14T15:56:09+00:00" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="I Am Security" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://s0.wp.com/i/blank.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta name="twitter:text:title" content="Trust-Building For Security" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />  <style class='wp-fonts-local'> @font-face{font-family:Inter;font-style:normal;font-weight:300 900;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-content/themes/twentytwentyfour/assets/fonts/inter/Inter-VariableFont_slnt,wght.woff2') format('woff2');font-stretch:normal;} @font-face{font-family:Cardo;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-content/themes/twentytwentyfour/assets/fonts/cardo/cardo_normal_400.woff2') format('woff2');} @font-face{font-family:Cardo;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-content/themes/twentytwentyfour/assets/fonts/cardo/cardo_italic_400.woff2') format('woff2');} @font-face{font-family:Cardo;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-content/themes/twentytwentyfour/assets/fonts/cardo/cardo_normal_700.woff2') format('woff2');} </style> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-1630 single-format-standard wp-embed-responsive"> <div class="wp-site-blocks"><header class="wp-block-template-part"> <div class="wp-block-group alignwide has-base-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px"> <div class="wp-block-group alignwide is-content-justification-space-between is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-3 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-2 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1 wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"><p class="wp-block-site-title"><a href="https://www.iamit.org/blog" target="_self" rel="home">I Am Security</a></p></div> </div> <nav class="is-responsive items-justified-right wp-block-navigation is-horizontal is-content-justification-right is-layout-flex wp-container-core-navigation-is-layout-1 wp-block-navigation-is-layout-flex" aria-label="" data-wp-interactive="core/navigation" data-wp-context='{"overlayOpenedBy":{"click":false,"hover":false,"focus":false},"type":"overlay","roleAttribute":"","ariaLabel":"Menu"}'><button aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Open menu" class="wp-block-navigation__responsive-container-open " data-wp-on-async--click="actions.openMenuOnClick" data-wp-on--keydown="actions.handleMenuKeydown" ><svg width="24" height="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><rect x="4" y="7.5" width="16" height="1.5" /><rect x="4" y="15" width="16" height="1.5" /></svg></button> <div class="wp-block-navigation__responsive-container " id="modal-1" data-wp-class--has-modal-open="state.isMenuOpen" data-wp-class--is-menu-open="state.isMenuOpen" data-wp-watch="callbacks.initMenu" data-wp-on--keydown="actions.handleMenuKeydown" data-wp-on-async--focusout="actions.handleMenuFocusout" tabindex="-1" > <div class="wp-block-navigation__responsive-close" tabindex="-1"> <div class="wp-block-navigation__responsive-dialog" data-wp-bind--aria-modal="state.ariaModal" data-wp-bind--aria-label="state.ariaLabel" data-wp-bind--role="state.roleAttribute" > <button aria-label="Close menu" class="wp-block-navigation__responsive-container-close" data-wp-on-async--click="actions.closeMenuOnClick" ><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="m13.06 12 6.47-6.47-1.06-1.06L12 10.94 5.53 4.47 4.47 5.53 10.94 12l-6.47 6.47 1.06 1.06L12 13.06l6.47 6.47 1.06-1.06L13.06 12Z"></path></svg></button> <div class="wp-block-navigation__responsive-container-content" data-wp-watch="callbacks.focusFirstElement" id="modal-1-content"> </div> </div> </div> </div></nav></div> </div> </header> <main class="wp-block-group alignfull is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"> <div class="wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"> <div class="wp-block-group is-vertical is-content-justification-stretch is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex" style="padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0"> <h1 class="wp-block-post-title has-x-large-font-size">Trust-Building For Security</h1> <div class="wp-block-template-part"> <div class="wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <div class="wp-block-group is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-post-date"><time datetime="2019-03-14T10:49:00-04:00"><a href="https://www.iamit.org/blog/2019/03/trust-building-for-security/">Mar 14, 2019</a></time></div> <p class="has-contrast-2-color has-text-color">—</p> <p class="has-small-font-size has-contrast-2-color has-text-color">by</p> <div class="wp-block-post-author-name"><a href="https://www.iamit.org/blog/author/admin/" target="_self" class="wp-block-post-author-name__link">iamit</a></div> <div class="taxonomy-category wp-block-post-terms"><span class="wp-block-post-terms__prefix">in </span><a href="https://www.iamit.org/blog/category/opinion/" rel="tag">Opinion</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="entry-content alignfull wp-block-post-content has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-post-content-is-layout-constrained"> <p class="has-text-align-center has-small-font-size">This post was originally published on <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2019/03/14/trust-building-for-security/#6e3156271c4d">Forbes</a></p> <p>Trust is a fickle thing. And, weirdly enough, the basic assumption of a lot of security practices seems to include a certain level of trust in users that is pretty hard to justify these days. This is why we see so many successful breaches that can be traced back to compromised accounts, default passwords and social engineering. One then asks, â€œHow should I reduce or eliminate inherent trust from the equation?â€ Good question!</p> <p>By rethinking trust in a modern environment, we can get to a stage where the starting point of any security-related decision (e.g., granting access, allowing/disallowing a certain action) is a state of no trust or zero trust. Before jumping into a marketplace where zero-trust solution providers will happily part you from a considerable chunk of your budget, let’s take a look at the core concepts of trust in our environments.</p> <p>Our starting point, as I mentioned, should be that we do not trust anything: not users, networks, devices or even third parties. Building trust from this point on can be done by using elements that allow the organization to get to a place where a level of confidence is achieved. At this point, we can ensure that the decision around the action requested by the actor (user) can be backed with actual facts and in a way that’s relevant to the scenario in question.</p> <p>Taking into account factors such as the user’s environment, credentials, secondary identification elements and behavioral history (to name a few) can build much better context for the decision of whether to grant the user a certain level of access, including which action they are trying to perform (i.e., are they trying to simply access their own files on a shared storage service, or are they trying to delete a table from a production database?). Being able to differentiate between different actions also allows us to set different thresholds to the level of trust we require. In the traditional model of keeping trust, the rule follows that if you have the right username and password, you’re in. No matter what you intend to do, if you have access to a system, you can fully utilize whatever roles and permissions you’re granted. In a trustless scenario, every action can be associated with a different level of trust.</p> <p>Take a financial user for example. On a typical day, the user may be accessing transactional data, such as ledgers, payment processing and accounting. However, monthly or quarterly reporting (especially in public companies) requires a completely different set of activities and permissions. Why should these activities be constantly accessible to our user if they are only used once in a long period of time?</p> <p>In a trustless world, our user will have the defined relationship with said reporting functionality, but exercising this functionality would be scrutinized both on a temporal perspective (â€œIs it the right time of the quarter?â€) as well as on a trustworthiness level (â€œCan we accumulate enough evidence to ensure this is indeed the user in question?â€). From the user’s perspective, the process is still pretty much the same. They may be required to present additional validation for their identity (responding to a multifactor authentication process), but the rest of the elements can be gathered and analyzed automatically (â€œCan we identify the device? Is it adequately patched/protected? Can we identify the environment?â€).</p> <p>Through this simple process, we can significantly lower our attack surface, and even when users get compromised (and our working assumption is that every environment will get compromised), access to sensitive assets in our environment will be highly limited, and we will have better visibility into adversarial actions that cannot achieve our trust requirements.</p> <p>I realize that the concept of throwing away any shred of initial trust may sound too harsh or counterproductive to some, but when you start to think about the kinds of environments we work in these days, the idea makes sense. I can tell you from personal experience that at my own company, we’ve gone through (and still make) significant changes in the way we perceive trust.</p> <p>Our latest milestone in that journey has been to rid ourselves of the concept of the “enterprise network” as we all move to a guest network. The concept of providing an inherent trust value to simply be on a certain network doesn’t apply anymore to the majority of assets we access (this is, of course, in a scenario where most assets are cloud-based). This doesn’t mean that we are done with our trust journey: I keep finding myself questioning and challenging paradigms where inherent trust exists, and by going through a process of thinking on behalf of our customers, our businesses and, yes, shareholders, we keep simplifying the security approach to managing risk and keep ourselves nimble.</p> <p>So here’s a quick takeaway for you: Look at the common ways in which users in your organization access assets. Now, figure out what trust assumptions are being made (implicitly and explicitly) through the process. Scrutinize each trust assumption, and ask yourself, â€œShould this be an explicit trust assertion that’s based on evidence relevant to this context?â€ Repeat periodically to make sure you are comfortable with the kinds of risks you are taking when leaving these implied trust assertions in place.</p> <div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-linkedin"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-linkedin-1630" class="share-linkedin sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.iamit.org/blog/2019/03/trust-building-for-security/?share=linkedin" target="_blank" title="Click to share on LinkedIn" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-twitter-1630" class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.iamit.org/blog/2019/03/trust-building-for-security/?share=twitter" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Twitter" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-facebook-1630" class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.iamit.org/blog/2019/03/trust-building-for-security/?share=facebook" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Facebook" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-email"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-email sd-button share-icon no-text" href="mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20Trust-Building%20For%20Security&body=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iamit.org%2Fblog%2F2019%2F03%2Ftrust-building-for-security%2F&share=email" target="_blank" title="Click to email a link to a friend" data-email-share-error-title="Do you have email set up?" data-email-share-error-text="If you're having problems sharing via email, you might not have email set up for your browser. You may need to create a new email yourself." data-email-share-nonce="588715a677" data-email-share-track-url="https://www.iamit.org/blog/2019/03/trust-building-for-security/?share=email"><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-print"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-print sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.iamit.org/blog/2019/03/trust-building-for-security/#print" target="_blank" title="Click to print" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to print (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"> <div class="taxonomy-post_tag is-style-pill wp-block-post-terms"><a href="https://www.iamit.org/blog/tag/security/" rel="tag">security</a><span class="wp-block-post-terms__separator"> </span><a href="https://www.iamit.org/blog/tag/trust/" rel="tag">trust</a><span class="wp-block-post-terms__separator"> </span><a href="https://www.iamit.org/blog/tag/zero-trust/" rel="tag">zero trust</a></div> <div class="wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <div style="height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"> </div> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-text-color has-contrast-3-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-contrast-3-background-color has-background is-style-wide" style="margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)"/> <div class="wp-block-comments wp-block-comments-query-loop"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Comments</h2> <div id="respond" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);" class="comment-respond wp-block-post-comments-form"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">Leave a Reply<small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/blog/2019/03/trust-building-for-security/#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel reply</a></small></h3> <form id="commentform" class="comment-form"> <iframe title="Comment Form" src="https://jetpack.wordpress.com/jetpack-comment/?blogid=21893158&postid=1630&comment_registration=0&require_name_email=1&stc_enabled=1&stb_enabled=1&show_avatars=1&avatar_default=mystery&greeting=Leave+a+Reply&jetpack_comments_nonce=a669b456e5&greeting_reply=Leave+a+Reply+to+%25s&color_scheme=light&lang=en_US&jetpack_version=14.0&iframe_unique_id=2&show_cookie_consent=10&has_cookie_consent=0&is_current_user_subscribed=0&token_key=%3Bnormal%3B&sig=a463a40339fa54151bd7801c388310365bb9c46f#parent=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iamit.org%2Fblog%2F2019%2F03%2Ftrust-building-for-security%2F" name="jetpack_remote_comment" style="width:100%; height: 430px; border:0;" class="jetpack_remote_comment" id="jetpack_remote_comment" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-top-navigation allow-scripts allow-forms allow-popups" > </iframe>  <script> document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () { var commentForms = document.getElementsByClassName('jetpack_remote_comment'); for (var i = 0; i < commentForms.length; i++) { commentForms[i].allowTransparency = false; commentForms[i].scrolling = 'no'; } }); </script>  </form> </div> <input type="hidden" name="comment_parent" id="comment_parent" value="" /> <p class="akismet_comment_form_privacy_notice">This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. <a href="https://akismet.com/privacy/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Learn how your comment data is processed</a>.</p> </div> <nav class="wp-block-group is-content-justification-space-between is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)" aria-label="Posts"> <div class="post-navigation-link-previous wp-block-post-navigation-link"><span class="wp-block-post-navigation-link__arrow-previous is-arrow-arrow" aria-hidden="true">←</span><a href="https://www.iamit.org/blog/2019/02/why-you-should-go-beyond-the-typical-penetration-test/" rel="prev"><span class="post-navigation-link__label">Previous: </span> <span class="post-navigation-link__title">Why You Should Go Beyond The Typical Penetration Test</span></a></div> <div class="post-navigation-link-next wp-block-post-navigation-link"><a href="https://www.iamit.org/blog/2020/02/the-product-versus-skill-pendulum-in-security-and-the-need-for-better-solutions/" rel="next"><span class="post-navigation-link__label">Next: </span> <span class="post-navigation-link__title">The Product Versus Skill Pendulum In Security And The Need For Better Solutions</span></a><span class="wp-block-post-navigation-link__arrow-next is-arrow-arrow" aria-hidden="true">→</span></div> </nav> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="wp-block-template-part"> <div class="wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"> <div class="wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:30%"> <div class="wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-13 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex"> <p class="wp-block-site-title has-medium-font-size"><a href="https://www.iamit.org/blog" target="_self" rel="home">I Am Security</a></p> <p class="wp-block-site-tagline has-small-font-size">Security news and research</p></div> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:20%"></div> </div> <div class="wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:0"> <p class="has-contrast-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-fb1dc8a358d6c5ee50b4614eb09d35bb"> Designed with <a href="https://wordpress.org" rel="nofollow">WordPress</a> </p> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> window.WPCOM_sharing_counts = {"https:\/\/www.iamit.org\/blog\/2019\/03\/trust-building-for-security\/":1630}; </script> <script defer src="https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-content/plugins/akismet/_inc/akismet-frontend.js?ver=1732019055" id="akismet-frontend-js"></script> <script src="https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=6.7.1" id="comment-reply-js" async data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script id="wp-block-template-skip-link-js-after"> ( function() { var skipLinkTarget = document.querySelector( 'main' ), sibling, skipLinkTargetID, skipLink; // Early exit if a skip-link target can't be located. if ( ! skipLinkTarget ) { return; } /* * Get the site wrapper. * The skip-link will be injected in the beginning of it. */ sibling = document.querySelector( '.wp-site-blocks' ); // Early exit if the root element was not found. if ( ! sibling ) { return; } // Get the skip-link target's ID, and generate one if it doesn't exist. skipLinkTargetID = skipLinkTarget.id; if ( ! skipLinkTargetID ) { skipLinkTargetID = 'wp--skip-link--target'; skipLinkTarget.id = skipLinkTargetID; } // Create the skip link. skipLink = document.createElement( 'a' ); skipLink.classList.add( 'skip-link', 'screen-reader-text' ); skipLink.href = '#' + skipLinkTargetID; skipLink.innerHTML = 'Skip to content'; // Inject the skip link. sibling.parentElement.insertBefore( skipLink, sibling ); }() ); </script> <script src="https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=4d63a3d491d11ffd8ac6" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script src="https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script id="wp-i18n-js-after"> wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); </script> <script src="https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=6.0" id="swv-js"></script> <script id="contact-form-7-js-before"> var wpcf7 = { "api": { "root": "https:\/\/www.iamit.org\/blog\/wp-json\/", "namespace": "contact-form-7\/v1" }, "cached": 1 }; </script> <script src="https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=6.0" id="contact-form-7-js"></script> <script src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202447.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script id="jetpack-stats-js-after"> _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"21893158\",\"post\":\"1630\",\"tz\":\"-5\",\"srv\":\"www.iamit.org\",\"j\":\"1:14.0\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "21893158", "1630" ]); </script> <script id="sharing-js-js-extra"> var sharing_js_options = {"lang":"en","counts":"1","is_stats_active":"1"}; </script> <script src="https://www.iamit.org/blog/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/build/sharedaddy/sharing.min.js?ver=14.0" id="sharing-js-js"></script> <script id="sharing-js-js-after"> var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-linkedin' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-linkedin' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomlinkedin', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=580,height=450' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomtwitter', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=350' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomfacebook', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=400' ); return false; } } ); } )(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function () { const iframe = document.getElementById( 'jetpack_remote_comment' ); const watchReply = function() { // Check addComment._Jetpack_moveForm to make sure we don't monkey-patch twice. if ( 'undefined' !== typeof addComment && ! addComment._Jetpack_moveForm ) { // Cache the Core function. addComment._Jetpack_moveForm = addComment.moveForm; const commentParent = document.getElementById( 'comment_parent' ); const cancel = document.getElementById( 'cancel-comment-reply-link' ); function tellFrameNewParent ( commentParentValue ) { const url = new URL( iframe.src ); if ( commentParentValue ) { url.searchParams.set( 'replytocom', commentParentValue ) } else { url.searchParams.delete( 'replytocom' ); } if( iframe.src !== url.href ) { iframe.src = url.href; } }; cancel.addEventListener( 'click', function () { tellFrameNewParent( false ); } ); addComment.moveForm = function ( _, parentId ) { tellFrameNewParent( parentId ); return addComment._Jetpack_moveForm.apply( null, arguments ); }; } } document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', watchReply ); // In WP 6.4+, the script is loaded asynchronously, so we need to wait for it to load before we monkey-patch the functions it introduces. document.querySelector('#comment-reply-js')?.addEventListener( 'load', watchReply ); const commentIframes = document.getElementsByClassName('jetpack_remote_comment'); window.addEventListener('message', function(event) { if (event.origin !== 'https://jetpack.wordpress.com') { return; } if (!event?.data?.iframeUniqueId && !event?.data?.height) { return; } const eventDataUniqueId = event.data.iframeUniqueId; // Change height for the matching comment iframe for (let i = 0; i < commentIframes.length; i++) { const iframe = commentIframes[i]; const url = new URL(iframe.src); const iframeUniqueIdParam = url.searchParams.get('iframe_unique_id'); if (iframeUniqueIdParam == event.data.iframeUniqueId) { iframe.style.height = event.data.height + 'px'; return; } } }); })(); </script> </body> </html>