CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="eu" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>William James - Wikipedia, entziklopedia askea.</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )euwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","urtarrila","otsaila","martxoa","apirila","maiatza","ekaina","uztaila","abuztua","iraila","urria","azaroa","abendua"],"wgRequestId":"26ae4ea9-8ab8-4d74-914f-9cb95585d820","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"William_James","wgTitle":"William James","wgCurRevisionId":9528696,"wgRevisionId":9528696,"wgArticleId":272946,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Hilobiaren kokapenaren berri ematen duten biografiak","Commonskat txantiloiaren mantenimendu bilaketak","Lur entziklopedietatik osatu diren artikuluak","Wikipedia:VIAF identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:ISNI identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:BNE identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:BNF identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:BNM identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:BNC identifikatzailea duten artikuluak", "Wikipedia:CANTIC identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:GND identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:LCCN identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:NLA identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:SNAC identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:ULAN identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:BIBSYS identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:UB identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:SBN identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:Open Library identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:BVMC persona identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:Gutenberg proiektuko autore identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:27 elementuko autoritate kontrola duten orriak","1842ko jaiotzak","1882ko heriotzak","Espiritualtasuna","Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako filosofoak","Gizon filosofoak","XX. mendeko filosofoak","Newyorkarrak","Irlandar estatubatuarrak","Kontzientziaren ikerketa","Filosofo sozialak","Gogamenaren filosofoak", "Harvard Unibertsitateko irakasleak","Filosofo analistak"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"eu","wgPageContentLanguage":"eu","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"William_James","wgRelevantArticleId":272946,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"eu","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"eu"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId": "Q125249","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ErrefAurrebista", "ext.gadget.UkensKonkurranse","ext.gadget.TxikipediaTab","ext.gadget.ArtikuluenKalitatea","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=eu&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=eu&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=eu&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/William_James_by_Alice_M._Boughton%2C_c._1907%2C_platinum_print%2C_from_the_National_Portrait_Gallery_-_NPG-NPG_87_37James-000001_%28cropped%29.jpg/1200px-William_James_by_Alice_M._Boughton%2C_c._1907%2C_platinum_print%2C_from_the_National_Portrait_Gallery_-_NPG-NPG_87_37James-000001_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1591"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/William_James_by_Alice_M._Boughton%2C_c._1907%2C_platinum_print%2C_from_the_National_Portrait_Gallery_-_NPG-NPG_87_37James-000001_%28cropped%29.jpg/800px-William_James_by_Alice_M._Boughton%2C_c._1907%2C_platinum_print%2C_from_the_National_Portrait_Gallery_-_NPG-NPG_87_37James-000001_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1060"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/William_James_by_Alice_M._Boughton%2C_c._1907%2C_platinum_print%2C_from_the_National_Portrait_Gallery_-_NPG-NPG_87_37James-000001_%28cropped%29.jpg/640px-William_James_by_Alice_M._Boughton%2C_c._1907%2C_platinum_print%2C_from_the_National_Portrait_Gallery_-_NPG-NPG_87_37James-000001_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="848"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="William James - Wikipedia, entziklopedia askea."> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//eu.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Aldatu" href="/w/index.php?title=William_James&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (eu)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//eu.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eu"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom Jarioa" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:AzkenAldaketak&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-William_James rootpage-William_James skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Edukira joan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu nagusia" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu nagusia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu nagusia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=William+James" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=William+James" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=William+James" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=William+James" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pentsamendua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pentsamendua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pentsamendua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pentsamendua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obra_nagusiak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obra_nagusiak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Obra nagusiak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obra_nagusiak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">William James</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 84 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3" title="ويليام جيمس – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويليام جيمس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81)" title="ويليام جيمس (فيلسوف) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويليام جيمس (فيلسوف)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%9B" title="উইলিয়াম জেম্‌ছ – assamera" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উইলিয়াম জেম্‌ছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilyam_Ceyms" title="Vilyam Ceyms – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vilyam Ceyms" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Уільям Джэймс – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уільям Джэймс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8E%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B7" title="Ўільям Джэймз – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ўільям Джэймз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Уилям Джеймс – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уилям Джеймс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8" title="উইলিয়াম জেমস – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইলিয়াম জেমস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2" title="ویلیام جەیمز – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ویلیام جەیمز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC_%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%82" title="Γουίλιαμ Τζέιμς – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γουίλιαμ Τζέιμς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2" title="ویلیام جیمز – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیام جیمز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – friulera" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1" title="ויליאם ג'יימס – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויליאם ג'יימס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="विलियम जेम्स – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विलियम जेम्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B4_%D5%8B%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%BD" title="Վիլյամ Ջեյմս – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիլյամ Ջեյմս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A8%D5%B4_%D5%83%D5%A7%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%BD" title="Ուիլիըմ Ճէյմս – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ուիլիըմ Ճէյմս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA" title="ウィリアム・ジェームズ – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアム・ジェームズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="უილიამ ჯეიმზი – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უილიამ ჯეიმზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Уильям Джеймс – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Уильям Джеймс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%98_%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%98" title="វីលៀម ជែម – khemerera" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វីលៀម ជែម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khemerera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%82_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ವಿಲಿಯಂ ಜೇಮ್ಸ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಲಿಯಂ ಜೇಮ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4" title="윌리엄 제임스 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윌리엄 제임스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Уильям Жеймс – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Уильям Жеймс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulielmus_James" title="Gulielmus James – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gulielmus James" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – liguriera" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljams_D%C5%BEeimss" title="Viljams Džeimss – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Viljams Džeimss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Вилијам Џејмс – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вилијам Џејмс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="വില്യം ജെയിംസ് – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വില്യം ജെയിംസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – napoliera" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਵਿਲੀਅਮ ਜੇਮਜ਼ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਲੀਅਮ ਜੇਮਜ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2" title="ولیم جیمز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ولیم جیمز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%90%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%AC%DB%90%D9%85%D8%B2" title="وېليم جېمز – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="وېليم جېمز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC" title="Джеймс, Уильям – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джеймс, Уильям" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – sardiniera" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="විලියම් ජේම්ස් – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විලියම් ජේම්ස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Вилијам Џејмс – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вилијам Џејмс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="வில்லியம் ஜேம்ஸ் – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வில்லியம் ஜேம்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Вільям Джеймс – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільям Джеймс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3" title="ولیم جیمس – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ولیم جیمس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E5%A3%AB" title="威廉·詹姆士 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="威廉·詹姆士" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="უილიამ ჯეიმსი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="უილიამ ჯეიმსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E5%A3%AB" title="威廉·詹姆士 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="威廉·詹姆士" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E5%8D%A0%E5%A3%AB" title="威廉占士 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="威廉占士" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q125249#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/William_James" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eztabaida:William_James&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida (sortu gabe) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aldatu hizkuntza aldaera" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">euskara</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ikusketak"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/William_James"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_James&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_James&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_James&action=history" title="Artikulu honen aurreko bertsioak. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresnak" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresnak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tresnak</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ekintzak </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/William_James"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_James&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_James&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_James&action=history"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orokorra </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/William_James" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/William_James" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:OrrialdeBereziak" title="Orri berezi guztien zerrenda [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Orri bereziak</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_James&oldid=9528696" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_James&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=William_James&id=9528696&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWilliam_James"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWilliam_James"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inprimatu/esportatu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=William+James"><span>Liburu bat sortu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:DownloadAsPdf&page=William_James&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargatu PDF formatuan</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_James&printable=yes" title="Orrialde honen bertsio inprimagarria [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inprimatzeko bertsioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beste proiektuetan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/William_James" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q125249" title="Datuen biltegi elementu batera lotuta [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata itema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itxura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="hd" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: lightsteelblue">William James</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:William_James_by_Alice_M._Boughton,_c._1907,_platinum_print,_from_the_National_Portrait_Gallery_-_NPG-NPG_87_37James-000001_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/William_James_by_Alice_M._Boughton%2C_c._1907%2C_platinum_print%2C_from_the_National_Portrait_Gallery_-_NPG-NPG_87_37James-000001_%28cropped%29.jpg/260px-William_James_by_Alice_M._Boughton%2C_c._1907%2C_platinum_print%2C_from_the_National_Portrait_Gallery_-_NPG-NPG_87_37James-000001_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/William_James_by_Alice_M._Boughton%2C_c._1907%2C_platinum_print%2C_from_the_National_Portrait_Gallery_-_NPG-NPG_87_37James-000001_%28cropped%29.jpg/390px-William_James_by_Alice_M._Boughton%2C_c._1907%2C_platinum_print%2C_from_the_National_Portrait_Gallery_-_NPG-NPG_87_37James-000001_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/William_James_by_Alice_M._Boughton%2C_c._1907%2C_platinum_print%2C_from_the_National_Portrait_Gallery_-_NPG-NPG_87_37James-000001_%28cropped%29.jpg/520px-William_James_by_Alice_M._Boughton%2C_c._1907%2C_platinum_print%2C_from_the_National_Portrait_Gallery_-_NPG-NPG_87_37James-000001_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4711" data-file-height="6245" /></a></span><br /><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_James_(psychologist)" title="c:Category:William James (psychologist)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/10px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_James_(psychologist)" class="extiw" title="c:Category:William James (psychologist)">Irudi gehiago</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><table class="infotaula" align="right" cellspacing="5" style="margin-width: 0; width:100%; text-align:left; line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; background-color: lightsteelblue;"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q115182711" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q115182711">President of the American Psychological Association</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115182711?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></th></tr></tbody></table> <br />1904 - 1904 <br /><table class="infotaula" align="right" cellspacing="5" style="margin-width: 0; width:100%; text-align:left; line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; background-color: lightsteelblue;"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q115182711" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q115182711">President of the American Psychological Association</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115182711?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></th></tr></tbody></table> <br />1894 - 1894</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue">Bizitza</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Jaiotza</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astor_House&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astor House (sortu gabe)">Astor House</a>, <a href="/wiki/1842" title="1842">1842ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Urtarrilaren_11" title="Urtarrilaren 11">urtarrilaren 11</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Herrialdea</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Ameriketako Estatu Batuak</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Heriotza</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamworth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamworth (sortu gabe)">Tamworth</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2430064?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910eko</a> <a href="/wiki/Abuztuaren_26" title="Abuztuaren 26">abuztuaren 26a</a> (68 urte)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Hobiratze lekua</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Cemetery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge Cemetery (sortu gabe)">Cambridge Cemetery</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64482808?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Heriotza modua</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Berezko_heriotza" title="Berezko heriotza">berezko heriotza</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bihotz-gutxiegitasun" title="Bihotz-gutxiegitasun">bihotz-gutxiegitasuna</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue">Familia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Aita</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James,_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry James, Sr. (sortu gabe)">Henry James, Sr.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ama</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Walsh_James&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Walsh James (sortu gabe)">Mary Walsh James</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ezkontidea(k)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alice_Gibbens_James&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alice Gibbens James (sortu gabe)">Alice Gibbens James</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107382823?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Seme-alabak</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;">ikusi</div> <ul class="NavContent" style="list-style: none none; margin-left: 0; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q22002311" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q22002311">William James</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22002311?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Haurrideak</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;">ikusi</div> <ul class="NavContent" style="list-style: none none; margin-left: 0; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James">Henry James</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alice_James&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alice James (sortu gabe)">Alice James</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue">Hezkuntza</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Heziketa</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q49121" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q49121">Harvard Medical School</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49121?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Unibertsitatea" title="Harvard Unibertsitatea">Harvard Unibertsitatea</a> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5676553" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q5676553">Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5676553?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2099847" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2099847">Plymouth College</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2099847?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Doktorego ikaslea(k)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/G._Stanley_Hall" title="G. Stanley Hall">Granville Stanley Hall</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Raphael_Cohen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morris Raphael Cohen (sortu gabe)">Morris Raphael Cohen</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3863186?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Horace_Kallen" title="Horace Kallen">Horace Kallen</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Holt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Holt (sortu gabe)">Edwin Holt</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4180366?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Hizkuntzak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ingeles" title="Ingeles">ingelesa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Irakaslea(k)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Morris_Hunt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Morris Hunt (sortu gabe)">William Morris Hunt</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527599?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Hermann_von_Helmholtz" title="Hermann von Helmholtz">Hermann von Helmholtz</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Janet" title="Pierre Janet">Pierre Janet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ikaslea(k)</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;">ikusi</div> <ul class="NavContent" style="list-style: none none; margin-left: 0; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i><a href="/wiki/Edward_Thorndike" title="Edward Thorndike">Edward Thorndike</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Oncken_Lovejoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Oncken Lovejoy (sortu gabe)">Arthur Oncken Lovejoy</a> <sup>(mul)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504753?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Mary_Whiton_Calkins" title="Mary Whiton Calkins">Mary Whiton Calkins</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_S._Woodworth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert S. Woodworth (sortu gabe)">Robert S. Woodworth</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725904?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boris_Sidis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boris Sidis (sortu gabe)">Boris Sidis</a> <sup>(mul)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q893780?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue">Jarduerak</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Jarduerak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Filosofo" title="Filosofo">filosofoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psikologo" class="mw-redirect" title="Psikologo">psikologoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unibertsitateko_irakasle" class="mw-redirect" title="Unibertsitateko irakasle">unibertsitateko irakaslea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mediku" title="Mediku">medikua</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Idazle" title="Idazle">idazlea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Enplegatzailea(k)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Unibertsitatea" title="Harvard Unibertsitatea">Harvard Unibertsitatea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lan nabarmenak</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;">ikusi</div> <ul class="NavContent" style="list-style: none none; margin-left: 0; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Principles_of_Psychology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Principles of Psychology (sortu gabe)">The Principles of Psychology</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3522328?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Varieties_of_Religious_Experience&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Varieties of Religious Experience (sortu gabe)">The Varieties of Religious Experience</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2605035?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essays_in_Radical_Empiricism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Essays in Radical Empiricism (sortu gabe)">Essays in Radical Empiricism</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16385626?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Influentziak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Kidetza</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuetako_Arte_eta_Letren_Akademia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Arte eta Letren Akademia (sortu gabe)">Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Arte eta Letren Akademia</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Psychological_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Psychological Association (sortu gabe)">American Psychological Association</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466587?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Arteen_eta_Zientzien_Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuetako_Akademia" title="Arteen eta Zientzien Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Akademia">Arteen eta Zientzien Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Akademia</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linzeen_Akademia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linzeen Akademia (sortu gabe)">Linzeen Akademia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Zientzien_Prusiar_Akademia" title="Zientzien Prusiar Akademia">Prusiako Zientzien Akademia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuetako_Zientzien_Akademia_Nazionala" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Zientzien Akademia Nazionala">Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Zientzien Akademia Nazionala</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Mugimendua</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pragmatismo" title="Pragmatismo">pragmatismoa</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Functional_psychology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Functional psychology (sortu gabe)">functional psychology</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301783?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue">Sinesmenak eta ideologia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Erlijioa</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Luteranismo" title="Luteranismo">Luteranismoa</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/540" title="Find a Grave: 540" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Find a Grave: 540" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg/22px-Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg/33px-Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg/44px-Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="140" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125249?uselang=eu#identifiers" title="Edit the value on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit the value on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>William James</b> (<a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">AEB</a>, <a href="/wiki/1842" title="1842">1842ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Urtarrilaren_11" title="Urtarrilaren 11">urtarrilaren 11</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chocorua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chocorua (sortu gabe)">Chocorua</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">AEB</a>, <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910eko</a> <a href="/wiki/Abuztuaren_26" title="Abuztuaren 26">abuztuaren 26a</a>) <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Estatu Batuetako</a> <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofo</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Psikologia" title="Psikologia">psikologoa</a> izan zen. <a href="/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James">Henry James</a> idazlearen anaia zen; <a href="/wiki/Pragmatismo" title="Pragmatismo">pragmatismoaren</a> aitzindaria izan zen filosofiaren alorrean eta <a href="/wiki/Funtzionalismo" title="Funtzionalismo">funtzionalismoaren</a> aldeko izan zen psikologian. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_James&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Biografia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_James&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>William James <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New Yorken</a> jaio zen, <a href="/wiki/AEB" class="mw-redirect" title="AEB">AEBetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/1842" title="1842">1842ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Urtarrilaren_11" title="Urtarrilaren 11">urtarrilaren 11n</a>. Aita Swedenborgeko teologo nabarmen bat izan zen Henry James Sr. izan zuen, garaiko elite literario eta intelektualak ondo ezagutzen zituena eta ama, berriz, Mary Robertson Walsh izan zen. Lau senide izan zituen: <a href="/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James">Henry (idazlea)</a>, Garth Wilkinson, Robertson eta Alice. Dizdira intelektual nabarmena zuten familiako kide batek baino gehiagok. </p><p>William Jamesek alemaniera eta frantsesa hitz egiten zituen eta kosmopolitismoa sustatu zuen. Haurra zenean, familiak bidaia pare bat egin zuen <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europara</a> eta horrek bizitzan zehar beste 13 bidaia egiteko bide eman zion<sup id="cite_ref-#1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Osasun arazo ugari izan zuen, begietan, bizkarrean, urdailean edo azalean. Depresioak ere hartu ohi zuen eta bere buruaz beste egiteko pentsamenduak ere izaten zituen. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864an</a>, medikuntza ikasten ari zen <a href="/wiki/Harvard" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard">Harvarden</a>, baina <a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865ean</a>, eten egin zuen Louis Agassiz naturalistarekin batera <a href="/wiki/Amazonas_ibaia" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazonas ibaia">Amazonas ibaian</a> zehar espedizio bat egiteko xedean. 8 hilabete geroago, bidaia utzi beharrean izan zen, mareoak jasan zituelako eta <a href="/wiki/Baztanga" title="Baztanga">baztangak</a> heldu ziolako. </p><p>Berriro utzi zituen ikasketak <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867ko</a> apirilean, berriro gaixo. <a href="/wiki/Alemania" title="Alemania">Alemaniarantz</a> bidaiatu zuen sendatzeko asmoz eta hantxe egon zen <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868ko</a> azarora arte. 26 urte zituen eta idazten hasita zegoen, jada. </p><p>Ez zuen sekula medikuntza praktikatu eta filosofia eta psikologiarantz biratu zuen bere interesak. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Uztailaren_10" title="Uztailaren 10">uztailaren 10ean</a>, Alice Gibbensekin ezkondu zen eta bikoteak 5 seme-alaba izan zituen<sup id="cite_ref-#1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li>Henry (<a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Maiatzaren_18" title="Maiatzaren 18">maiatzaren 18an</a>)</li> <li>William (<a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Ekainaren_17" title="Ekainaren 17">ekainaren 17an</a>)</li> <li>Herman (<a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884an</a> jaio zen eta haurtzaroan hil zen)</li> <li>Margaret (<a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887ko</a> martxoan)</li> <li>Alexander (artista) (<a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890eko</a> <a href="/wiki/Abenduaren_22" title="Abenduaren 22">abenduaren 22an</a>).</li></ul> <p>Jamesen osasunak okerrera egin zuen. <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909an</a>, gaizki sentitzen zen, baina azken bidaia bat egin zuen <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europara</a>, <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910ean</a>. Anaia <a href="/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James">Henry</a> bisitatu zuen <a href="/wiki/Londres" title="Londres">Londresen</a> eta bere bizitzako obra garrantzitsuenetariko bat argitaratu zuen: <i>The Meaning of Truth: A Sequel to "Pragmatism"</i>. <a href="/wiki/Nauheim" title="Nauheim">Nauheimen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alemania" title="Alemania">Alemania</a>) bainuak hartzeko aprobetxatu zuen eta <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Henri Bergsonekin</a> bildu zen <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Parisen</a>. <a href="/wiki/AEB" class="mw-redirect" title="AEB">AEBetara</a> itzuli zen abuztuan. Ez zen bere betiko <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridgeko</a> etxera joan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chocorua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chocorua (sortu gabe)">Chocoruako</a> udako etxera baizik. Hantxe hil zen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chocorua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chocorua (sortu gabe)">Chocoruan</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshiren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">AEBetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910eko</a> <a href="/wiki/Abuztuaren_26" title="Abuztuaren 26">abuztuaren 26an</a>. </p><p>Alice senarraren logelan sartu zen, esne pixka bat emateko asmoz -hori zen hartzen zuen gauza bakarra-. Hasieran lo zegoela pentsatu zuen, baina berehala ikusi zuen ez zela betiko kontua: James konortea galduta zegoen. Handik gutxira hil zen<sup id="cite_ref-#1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pentsamendua">Pentsamendua</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_James&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Pentsamendua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_James&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Pentsamendua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Harvardeko_Unibertsitatea" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvardeko Unibertsitatea">Harvardeko Unibertsitatean</a> <a href="/wiki/Medikuntza" title="Medikuntza">medikuntza</a>-ikasketak egin zituen eta hango irakasle izan zen <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885etik</a> aurrera. <a href="/wiki/Fisiologia" title="Fisiologia">Fisiologia</a> eta psikologia landu zituen bereziki, eta psikologia zientzia natural eta positibo bihurtzen saiatu zen. Fisiologia-ikerketak egin zituen gertaera psikikoen eta <a href="/wiki/Nerbio-sistema" title="Nerbio-sistema">nerbio sistemaren</a> arteko lotura azaldu nahiz. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Lange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Lange (sortu gabe)">Carl Langerekin</a> batera eratu zuen <a href="/wiki/Sentsazio" title="Sentsazio">sentipenen</a> teoria periferikoa, sentipenen jatorri fisiologikoa argitzen duena. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pragmatismo" title="Pragmatismo">Pragmatismoak</a> emandako filosofo nagusietakoa izan zen, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sanders_Peirce" title="Charles Sanders Peirce">Charles Sanders Peirce</a> filosofoaren jarraitzailea. Errealitatea ezagutzeko bide bakarra <a href="/wiki/Indukzio_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Indukzio (argipena)">indukzio</a> metodoa dela zioen, eta horri buruzko ikuspegi mugikorra eta anitza eman zuen filosofia <a href="/wiki/Arrazionalismo" class="mw-disambig" title="Arrazionalismo">arrazionalistaren</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apriorismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apriorismo (sortu gabe)">aprioristaren</a> aurka. </p><p>Gogamenaren prozesu subliminal eta fenomeno paranormalen ikertzaile sutsua, garaiko zientzialariak eskandalizatu zituen <i>healers</i> (kuranderoak edo karrerarik gabeko sendagileak) deritzonen lana defendatu zuenean. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904an</a>, <i>Ba ote da gogamenik?</i> argitaratu zuen <i>Journal of Philosophy, Psychology, and Scientific Methods</i> aldizkarian, gero, <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912an</a>, <i>Essays in Radical Empiricism</i> barnean aterako zena. Subjektu eta objektuaren artean dagoen dualismoa barrera latza zela <a href="/wiki/Epistemologia" title="Epistemologia">epistemologiarentzat</a> frogatu nahi zuen eta autokontzientzia -mundu materialari kontrajartzen zitzaion entitate bezala ulertua- baztertzeko garaia zen<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907an</a>, <i>Pragmatism: A New Name for Old Ways of Thinking</i> aurkeztu zuen , <i>Pragmatismoa: izen berri bat pentsamenduaren bide zaharrentzat</i>. <a href="/wiki/Pragmatismo" title="Pragmatismo">Pragmatismoa</a> da ika-mika metafisikoak baretzen lagunduko duen metodoa, bestela, bukaezinak direnak. Mundua bakarra da ala bat baino gehiago daude? Askea da ala ez? Materiala ala espirituala? Metodo pragmatikoak nozio bakoitza interpretatzera eramaten gaitu eta dagokion ondorio praktikoak ateratzera. Ba ote dago alderik bata ala bestea aukeratzean? Ez balego, bi alternatibak gauza berbera lirateke eta ika-mika bertan behera geratu beharko luke. Jamesek pragmatismoa metodoa dela puntualizatzen du eta, horregatik, bere liburuak ez du emaitza konkreturik ematen, munduari aurre egiteko modu bat baita. </p><p>Bizitza osoan jarraitu zion <a href="/wiki/Depresio" title="Depresio">depresioak</a> eta bere burua <i>bizitzera behartu zuela</i> zioen. </p><p>Egiaren kontzeptua ere landu zuen. Egiaztatzea da beharrezkoa eta, horretarako, ideiak kateatu behar dira, bata bestearen atzetik, harmonian eta oinarrizko funtzioa bete behar dute: norbanakoarentzako tresna garrantzitsuak dira, aukera ezberdinen artean gidatuko dutenak, errealitatera ondo egokituz. Egia horiek lortzea ez da helburu bat, beste behar batzuk aseko dituen bitarteko bat baizik. Egia dena baliozkoa da eta gordetzeak merezi du. </p><p><i>Litekeena</i>, erreala baino zerbait gutxiago eta erabat irreala baino zerbait gehiago dena, zentzunaren nozio bikain horietako beste bat da. Erruki gabe kritikatu arren, nozio horiek iraun egiten dute; eta presio kritikoa laxatzean, berriro euretara jotzen dugu. <i>Norbera</i>, <i>gorputza</i>, zentzu substantzial edo metafisikoan; nozio horietako batek ere ez die ihes egiten pentsamendu era horiei. Praktikan zentzunaren denkmittelak etengabe ateratzen dira garaile. Gizaki orok, eskolatua izan arren, oraindik ere zentzunaren eran pentsatzen du edozein <i>gauzaz</i>, hau da, bere atributuak trukagarritasunez <i>sostengatzen</i> dituen unitate-subjektu iraunkor gisa. Inork ez du zintzo eta tinko erabiltzen lege baten bidez elkarturiko sentsumen-nolakotasunen multzo baten nozio kritikoagoa. Kategoriok eskuan, planak egiten ditugu eta asmaketan ibiltzen gara era berean, eta esperientziaren zatirik urrunenak begien aurrean ditugunarekin lotzen ditugu. Gure azken filosofia kritikoenak moda eta fantasia hutsak besterik ez dira pentsamenduaren ama- hizkuntza honen aldean<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obra_nagusiak">Obra nagusiak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_James&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Obra nagusiak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_James&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Obra nagusiak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Principles of Psychology</i> (<a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>, <i>Psikologiaren printzipioak</i>)</li> <li><i>Psychology (Briefer Course)</i> (<a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)</li> <li><i>The Will to Believe and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy</i> (<a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>)</li> <li><i>Human Immortality: Two Supposed Objections to the Doctrine</i>, <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>)</li> <li><i>Varieties of Religious Experience</i> (<a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a>, <i>Erlijio esperientziaren agerraldiak</i>)</li> <li><i>Talks to Teachers on Psychology: and to Students on Some of Life's Ideals</i> (<a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a>)</li> <li><i>The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature</i> (<a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a>)</li> <li><i>Pragmatism: A New Name for Old Ways of Thinking</i>(<a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a>, <i>Pragmatismoa: izen berri bat pentsamenduaren bide zaharrentzat</i>)</li> <li><i>A Pluralistic Universe</i> (<a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a>)</li> <li><i>The Meaning of Truth: A Sequel to "Pragmatism"</i> (<a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a>)</li> <li><i>Some Problems of Philosophy: A Beginning of an Introduction to Philosophy</i> (<a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a>)</li> <li><i>Memories and Studies</i> (<a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a>)</li> <li><i>Essays in Radical Empiricism</i> (<a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>)</li> <li><i>Letters of William James</i> (<a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>)</li> <li><i>Collected Essays and Reviews</i> (<a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>)</li> <li>Ralph Barton Perry, <i>The Thought and Character of William James</i> (<a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>) (500 gutun, William Jamesenak)</li> <li><i>The Will to Believe, Human Immortality</i> (<a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>)</li> <li><i>William James on Psychical Research</i> (<a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a>)</li> <li><i>The Correspondence of William James</i> (<a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>–<a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_James&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_James&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 4px 0 4px 1em; width: 233px; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.25em; border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Azala?uselang=eu">Wikimedia Commons</a>en</span> badira fitxategi gehiago, gai hau dutenak: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_James_(psychologist)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:William James (psychologist)">William James</a></b></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125249" title="Aldatu lotura Wikidatan"><img alt="Aldatu lotura Wikidatan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/12px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/18px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/24px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-#1-1">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-#1_1-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_1-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_1-2"><sup><b>c</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.unav.es/gep/JamesPerfilBiografico.html">http://www.unav.es/gep/JamesPerfilBiografico.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://psicologiaymente.net/biografias/william-james-padre-psicologia-america">https://psicologiaymente.net/biografias/william-james-padre-psicologia-america</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.hiru.eus/hirupedia?p_p_id=indice_WAR_w25cIndexWAR_INSTANCE_zPs2&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_pos=1&p_p_col_count=2&_indice_WAR_w25cIndexWAR_INSTANCE_zPs2_action=seleccionarArticuloKlasikoenAhotan&_indice_WAR_w25cIndexWAR_INSTANCE_zPs2_idArticuloKlasikoenAhotan=KA10496&_indice_WAR_w25cIndexWAR_INSTANCE_zPs2_tema=Klasikoak&_indice_WAR_w25cIndexWAR_INSTANCE_zPs2_autor=William+James&_indice_WAR_w25cIndexWAR_INSTANCE_zPs2_numRegistros=349&_indice_WAR_w25cIndexWAR_INSTANCE_zPs2_paginaKlasikoen=16">http://www.hiru.eus/hirupedia?p_p_id=indice_WAR_w25cIndexWAR_INSTANCE_zPs2&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_pos=1&p_p_col_count=2&_indice_WAR_w25cIndexWAR_INSTANCE_zPs2_action=seleccionarArticuloKlasikoenAhotan&_indice_WAR_w25cIndexWAR_INSTANCE_zPs2_idArticuloKlasikoenAhotan=KA10496&_indice_WAR_w25cIndexWAR_INSTANCE_zPs2_tema=Klasikoak&_indice_WAR_w25cIndexWAR_INSTANCE_zPs2_autor=William+James&_indice_WAR_w25cIndexWAR_INSTANCE_zPs2_numRegistros=349&_indice_WAR_w25cIndexWAR_INSTANCE_zPs2_paginaKlasikoen=16</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="boilerplate" style="text-align:left; font-size: 90%"> <ul><li>Artikulu honen edukiaren zati bat <i>Lur hiztegi entziklopediko</i>tik edo <i>Lur entziklopedia tematiko</i>tik txertatu zen 2011/12/27 egunean. Egile-eskubideen jabeak, <a href="/wiki/Eusko_Jaurlaritza" title="Eusko Jaurlaritza">Eusko Jaurlaritzak</a>, hiztegi horiek <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/deed.eu">CC-BY 3.0 lizentziarekin</a> argitaratu ditu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opendata.euskadi.eus/katalogoa/-/lur-entziklopedia-tematikoa/">Open Data Euskadi webgunean</a>.</li></ul></div> <p><br /> </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236167">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236165">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125249" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q125249">Q125249</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_James_(psychologist)">William James (psychologist)</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q125249%22">Q125249</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/viaf-56625773">WorldCat</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/56625773/">56625773</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121340790">0000000121340790</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX889868">XX889868</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12034524d">12034524d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12034524d">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblioteca_Nacional_de_M%C3%A9xico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biblioteca Nacional de México (sortu gabe)">BNM</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.iib.unam.mx/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNM10&doc_number=000100147">000100147</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Chile">BNC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F/?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000605423">000605423</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kataluniako_Liburutegia" title="Kataluniako Liburutegia">CANTIC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a10672229">a10672229</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118556851">118556851</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78095539">n78095539</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00444510">00444510</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000603186">jn20000603186</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librariesaustralia.nla.gov.au/search/display?dbid=auth&id=35242044">35242044</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00592067">DA00592067</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10573159">10573159</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29861311" class="extiw" title="d:Q29861311">SNAC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6g26sz6">w6g26sz6</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028526732">028526732</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Union_List_of_Artist_Names" title="Union List of Artist Names">ULAN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500252086">500252086</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/BIBSYS" title="BIBSYS">BIBSYS</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90069936">90069936</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bartzelonako_Unibertsitatea" title="Bartzelonako Unibertsitatea">UB</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://crai.ub.edu/sites/default/files/autoritats/permanent/a1234467">a1234467</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">MGP</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=29244">29244</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Centrale_per_il_Catalogo_Unico" title="Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico">ICCU</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/risultati-autori/-/opac-autori/detail/SBLV003686?core=autoriall">SBLV003686</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL109602A?mode=all">OL109602A</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-James">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Bilduma digitalak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Virtual_Miguel_de_Cervantes" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes">BVMC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.cervantesvirtual.com/person/82795">82795</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gutenberg_proiektua" title="Gutenberg proiektua">Gutenberg proiektua</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/325">325</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125249" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q125249">Q125249</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_James_(psychologist)">William James (psychologist)</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q125249%22">Q125249</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See \u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetak\u003E.");});</script><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_James&oldid=9528696">https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_James&oldid=9528696</a>"(e)tik eskuratuta</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Kategoriak" title="Berezi:Kategoriak">Kategoriak</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:1842ko_jaiotzak" title="Kategoria:1842ko jaiotzak">1842ko jaiotzak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:1882ko_heriotzak" title="Kategoria:1882ko heriotzak">1882ko heriotzak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Espiritualtasuna" title="Kategoria:Espiritualtasuna">Espiritualtasuna</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuetako_filosofoak" title="Kategoria:Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako filosofoak">Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako filosofoak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Gizon_filosofoak" title="Kategoria:Gizon filosofoak">Gizon filosofoak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:XX._mendeko_filosofoak" title="Kategoria:XX. mendeko filosofoak">XX. mendeko filosofoak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Newyorkarrak" title="Kategoria:Newyorkarrak">Newyorkarrak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Irlandar_estatubatuarrak" title="Kategoria:Irlandar estatubatuarrak">Irlandar estatubatuarrak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Kontzientziaren_ikerketa" title="Kategoria:Kontzientziaren ikerketa">Kontzientziaren ikerketa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Filosofo_sozialak" title="Kategoria:Filosofo sozialak">Filosofo sozialak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Gogamenaren_filosofoak" title="Kategoria:Gogamenaren filosofoak">Gogamenaren filosofoak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Harvard_Unibertsitateko_irakasleak" title="Kategoria:Harvard Unibertsitateko irakasleak">Harvard Unibertsitateko irakasleak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Filosofo_analistak" title="Kategoria:Filosofo analistak">Filosofo analistak</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Ezkutuko kategoriak: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Hilobiaren_kokapenaren_berri_ematen_duten_biografiak" title="Kategoria:Hilobiaren kokapenaren berri ematen duten biografiak">Hilobiaren kokapenaren berri ematen duten biografiak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Commonskat_txantiloiaren_mantenimendu_bilaketak" title="Kategoria:Commonskat txantiloiaren mantenimendu bilaketak">Commonskat txantiloiaren mantenimendu bilaketak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Lur_entziklopedietatik_osatu_diren_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Lur entziklopedietatik osatu diren artikuluak">Lur entziklopedietatik osatu diren artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:VIAF_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:VIAF identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:VIAF identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:ISNI_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:ISNI identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:ISNI identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:BNE_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:BNE identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:BNE identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:BNF_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:BNF identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:BNF identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:BNM_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:BNM identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:BNM identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:BNC_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:BNC identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:BNC identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:CANTIC_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:CANTIC identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:CANTIC identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:GND_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:GND identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:GND identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:LCCN_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:LCCN identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:LCCN identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:NLA_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:NLA identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:NLA identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:SNAC_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:SNAC identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:SNAC identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:ULAN_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:ULAN identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:ULAN identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:BIBSYS_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:BIBSYS identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:BIBSYS identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:UB_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:UB identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:UB identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:SBN_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:SBN identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:SBN identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:Open_Library_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:Open Library identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:Open Library identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:BVMC_persona_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:BVMC persona identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:BVMC persona identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:Gutenberg_proiektuko_autore_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:Gutenberg proiektuko autore identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:Gutenberg proiektuko autore identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:27_elementuko_autoritate_kontrola_duten_orriak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:27 elementuko autoritate kontrola duten orriak">Wikipedia:27 elementuko autoritate kontrola duten orriak</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Orriaren azken aldaketa: 3 urtarrila 2024, 22:48.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Testua <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eu">Creative Commons Aitortu-PartekatuBerdin 4.0 lizentziari</a> jarraituz erabil daiteke; baliteke beste klausularen batzuk ere aplikatu behar izatea. Xehetasunen berri izateko, ikus <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">erabilera-baldintzak</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Pribazitate politika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Wikipediari_buruz">Wikipediari buruz</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Erantzukizunen_mugaketa_orokorra">Lege oharra</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Garatzaileak</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/eu.wikipedia.org">Estatistikak</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie adierazpena</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//eu.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_James&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mugikorreko bista</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-xwl8j","wgBackendResponseTime":188,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.719","walltime":"2.403","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3273,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":87296,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1104,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":29,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":7294,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":28,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2294.832 1 -total"," 79.28% 1819.300 1 Txantiloi:Biografia_infotaula_automatikoa"," 76.40% 1753.216 1 Txantiloi:Infotaula"," 19.46% 446.618 1 Txantiloi:Bizialdia"," 19.26% 441.996 1 Txantiloi:Autoritate_kontrola"," 4.72% 108.320 1 Txantiloi:Biografia_infotaula_automatikoa/kargua"," 2.38% 54.531 1 Txantiloi:Infotaula/ilara"," 2.29% 52.631 7 Txantiloi:Zerrenda_tolesgarria"," 2.23% 51.162 1 Txantiloi:Sare_sozial_automatikoak"," 1.42% 32.567 1 Txantiloi:Biografia_infotaula_automatikoa/euskal_herritarra_bai_edo_ez"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.492","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7485964,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.eqiad.main-85d7894b9c-l98w9","timestamp":"20241126225611","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"William James","url":"https:\/\/eu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_James","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q125249","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q125249","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2011-12-26T23:17:34Z","dateModified":"2024-01-03T21:48:42Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/67\/William_James_by_Alice_M._Boughton%2C_c._1907%2C_platinum_print%2C_from_the_National_Portrait_Gallery_-_NPG-NPG_87_37James-000001_%28cropped%29.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>