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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Bilanciamento_di_un'equazione_chimica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bilanciamento_di_un'equazione_chimica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Bilanciamento di un'equazione chimica</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bilanciamento_di_un'equazione_chimica-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Bilanciamento di un'equazione chimica</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bilanciamento_di_un'equazione_chimica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bilanciamento_delle_masse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bilanciamento_delle_masse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Bilanciamento delle masse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bilanciamento_delle_masse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primo_esempio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primo_esempio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Primo esempio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primo_esempio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondo_esempio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondo_esempio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Secondo esempio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondo_esempio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bilanciamento_delle_cariche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bilanciamento_delle_cariche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Bilanciamento delle cariche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bilanciamento_delle_cariche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Equazione chimica</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 64 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="معادلة كيميائية - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معادلة كيميائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuaci%C3%B3n_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Ecuación química - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ecuación química" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99" title="Химик тигеҙләмә - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Химик тигеҙләмә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Хімічнае ўраўненне - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хімічнае ўраўненне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Химично уравнение - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Химично уравнение" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemijska_jedna%C4%8Dina" title="Hemijska jednačina - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hemijska jednačina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equaci%C3%B3_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Equació química - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Equació química" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8E%D8%B4%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="ھاوکێشەی کیمیایی - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھاوکێشەی کیمیایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemick%C3%A1_rovnice" title="Chemická rovnice - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chemická rovnice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Химилле танлăх - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Химилле танлăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaktionsskema" title="Reaktionsskema - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Reaktionsskema" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaktionsgleichung" title="Reaktionsgleichung - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Reaktionsgleichung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Χημική εξίσωση - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χημική εξίσωση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_equation" title="Chemical equation - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chemical equation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuaci%C3%B3n_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Ecuación química - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ecuación química" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaktsiooniv%C3%B5rrand" title="Reaktsioonivõrrand - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Reaktsioonivõrrand" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekuazio_kimiko" title="Ekuazio kimiko - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ekuazio kimiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="معادله شیمیایی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="معادله شیمیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaktioyht%C3%A4l%C3%B6" title="Reaktioyhtälö - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Reaktioyhtälö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89quation_chimique" title="Équation chimique - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Équation chimique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cothrom%C3%B3id_cheimiceach" title="Cothromóid cheimiceach - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cothromóid cheimiceach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuaci%C3%B3n_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Ecuación química - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ecuación química" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="משוואה כימית - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משוואה כימית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="रासायनिक समीकरण - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रासायनिक समीकरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemijska_jednad%C5%BEba" title="Kemijska jednadžba - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kemijska jednadžba" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekwasyon_chimik" title="Ekwasyon chimik - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ekwasyon chimik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9miai_egyenlet" title="Kémiai egyenlet - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kémiai egyenlet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Քիմիական հավասարումներ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քիմիական հավասարումներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persamaan_reaksi" title="Persamaan reaksi - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Persamaan reaksi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8D%E5%BF%9C%E5%BC%8F" title="化学反応式 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="化学反応式" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagda_takrurant" title="Tagda takrurant - cabilo" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tagda takrurant" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabilo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Химиялық теңдеулер - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Химиялық теңдеулер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%ED%95%99%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%91%EC%8B%9D" title="화학반응식 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="화학반응식" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Химиялык теңдеме - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Химиялык теңдеме" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokokano" title="Mokokano - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mokokano" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="രാസസമവാക്യം - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രാസസമവാക്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persamaan_kimia" title="Persamaan kimia - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Persamaan kimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%93%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92_%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AE%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဓာတုဗေဒ ညီမျှခြင်း - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဓာတုဗေဒ ညီမျှခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactievergelijking" title="Reactievergelijking - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Reactievergelijking" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligning_(kjemi)" title="Ligning (kjemi) - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ligning (kjemi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8" title="ਰਸਾਇਣਕ ਸਮੀਕਰਨ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਸਾਇਣਕ ਸਮੀਕਰਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3wnanie_reakcji" title="Równanie reakcji - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Równanie reakcji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Equação química - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Equação química" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruranakuy_paqtachani" title="Ruranakuy paqtachani - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ruranakuy paqtachani" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecua%C8%9Bie_chimic%C4%83" title="Ecuație chimică - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ecuație chimică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Химическое уравнение - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Химическое уравнение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemijska_jedna%C4%8Dina" title="Hemijska jednačina - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hemijska jednačina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_equation" title="Chemical equation - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chemical equation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemick%C3%A1_rovnica" title="Chemická rovnica - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chemická rovnica" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemijska_ena%C4%8Dba" title="Kemijska enačba - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kemijska enačba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Хемијске једначине - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хемијске једначине" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaktionsformel" title="Reaktionsformel - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Reaktionsformel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="வேதியியற் சமன்பாடு - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வேதியியற் சமன்பாடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="రసాయన సమీకరణాలు - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రసాయన సమీకరణాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekwasyong_kimikal" title="Ekwasyong kimikal - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ekwasyong kimikal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimyasal_denklem" title="Kimyasal denklem - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kimyasal denklem" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99" title="Химик тигезләмә - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Химик тигезләмә" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Хімічне рівняння - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хімічне рівняння" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کیمیائی مساوات - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیمیائی مساوات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimyoviy_tenglamalar" title="Kimyoviy tenglamalar - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kimyoviy tenglamalar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_tr%C3%ACnh_h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Phương trình hóa học - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phương trình hóa học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="化学方程式 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="化学方程式" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="化学方程式 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="化学方程式" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="化學方程式 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="化學方程式" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><p>Un'<b>equazione chimica</b> descrive una <a href="/wiki/Reazione_chimica" title="Reazione chimica">reazione</a> ponendo in genere i <a href="/wiki/Reagente" title="Reagente">reagenti</a> con la loro <a href="/wiki/Formula_molecolare" title="Formula molecolare">formula molecolare</a> a sinistra e i <a href="/wiki/Prodotto_(chimica)" title="Prodotto (chimica)">prodotti</a> a destra,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> secondo lo schema: </p> <dl><dd>aA<sub>(<i>sf</i>)</sub> + bB<sub>(<i>sf</i>)</sub> → cC<sub>(<i>sf</i>)</sub> + dD<sub>(<i>sf</i>)</sub></dd></dl> <p>dove: </p> <ul><li>a, b, c e d sono i <a href="/wiki/Coefficiente_stechiometrico" class="mw-redirect" title="Coefficiente stechiometrico">coefficienti stechiometrici</a> di ciascuna <a href="/wiki/Specie_chimica" title="Specie chimica">specie chimica</a>, ossia indicano il numero di molecole (o moli) di ciascuna specie che partecipa alla reazione;</li> <li>A, B, C e D sono le specie coinvolte, scritte con la loro <a href="/wiki/Formula_molecolare" title="Formula molecolare">formula molecolare</a>;</li> <li><i>sf</i> indica lo <a href="/wiki/Stato_della_materia" title="Stato della materia">stato di aggregazione</a> in cui si trova la specie chimica, che può essere: <a href="/wiki/Solido" title="Solido">solido</a> (<i>s</i>), <a href="/wiki/Gassoso" class="mw-redirect" title="Gassoso">gassoso</a> (<i>g</i>), <a href="/wiki/Liquido" title="Liquido">liquido</a> (<i>l</i>), disciolto in una generica <a href="/wiki/Soluzione_(chimica)" title="Soluzione (chimica)">soluzione</a> (<i>sol</i>), in <a href="/wiki/Soluzione_acquosa" title="Soluzione acquosa">soluzione acquosa</a> (<i>aq</i>) o <a href="/wiki/Adsorbimento" title="Adsorbimento">adsorbito</a> su una superficie solida (<i>ads</i>).</li></ul> <p>In alcuni casi il verso della freccia va da destra verso sinistra, per cui i reagenti stanno a destra e i prodotti a sinistra; si parla in questo caso di "reazione inversa", mentre nel caso in cui il verso della freccia sia da sinistra verso destra si parla di "reazione diretta". </p><p>Nel caso in cui la freccia sia in entrambe le direzioni, si tratta di una reazione reversibile, cioè che si può ottenere un prodotto che con il processo inverso ridà i reagenti iniziali. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bilanciamento_di_un'equazione_chimica"><span id="Bilanciamento_di_un.27equazione_chimica"></span>Bilanciamento di un'equazione chimica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equazione_chimica&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Bilanciamento di un'equazione chimica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equazione_chimica&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Bilanciamento di un'equazione chimica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:H3PO4_balancing_chemical_equation_phosphorus_pentoxide_and_water_becomes_phosphoric_acid.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/H3PO4_balancing_chemical_equation_phosphorus_pentoxide_and_water_becomes_phosphoric_acid.gif/220px-H3PO4_balancing_chemical_equation_phosphorus_pentoxide_and_water_becomes_phosphoric_acid.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/H3PO4_balancing_chemical_equation_phosphorus_pentoxide_and_water_becomes_phosphoric_acid.gif/330px-H3PO4_balancing_chemical_equation_phosphorus_pentoxide_and_water_becomes_phosphoric_acid.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/H3PO4_balancing_chemical_equation_phosphorus_pentoxide_and_water_becomes_phosphoric_acid.gif 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="208" /></a><figcaption>P <sub>4</sub> O <sub>10</sub> + 6 H <sub>2</sub> O → 4 H <sub>3</sub> PO <sub>4</sub> Questa equazione chimica viene bilanciata moltiplicando prima H <sub>3</sub> PO <sub>4</sub> per quattro per far corrispondere il numero di atomi di fosforo, quindi moltiplicando H <sub>2</sub> O per sei per far corrispondere i numeri di atomi di H e O.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dal <a href="/wiki/Legge_della_conservazione_della_massa_(fisica)" title="Legge della conservazione della massa (fisica)">postulato fondamentale di Lavoisier</a>, che dice: </p> <dl><dd><i>nulla si crea, niente si distrugge, tutto si trasforma</i></dd></dl> <p>deriva necessariamente che la somma delle masse dei reagenti coinvolte in una reazione chimica è uguale alla somma delle masse dei prodotti. In altre parole durante lo svolgimento di una reazione chimica si ha la rottura e la formazione di <a href="/wiki/Legame_chimico" title="Legame chimico">legami chimici</a> per cui si assiste ad una variazione dell'<a href="/wiki/Energia_chimica" title="Energia chimica">energia chimica</a> posseduta dal sistema ma il numero di atomi resta uguale. </p><p>In definitiva bilanciare una reazione chimica significa: </p> <ul><li>bilanciare la massa in modo che sia soddisfatta la legge di Lavoisier;</li> <li>bilanciare la carica elettrica (se la reazione è scritta in forma molecolare la carica è automaticamente bilanciata).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bilanciamento_delle_masse">Bilanciamento delle masse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equazione_chimica&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Bilanciamento delle masse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equazione_chimica&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Bilanciamento delle masse"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perché si abbia il bilanciamento delle masse, la somma delle masse dei reagenti deve essere uguale alla somma delle masse dei prodotti. Siccome la <a href="/wiki/Materia_(fisica)" title="Materia (fisica)">materia</a> è costituita da atomi è necessario che il numero degli atomi indicati a sinistra dell'equazione chimica (cioè gli atomi delle specie chimiche reagenti) sia uguale al numero degli atomi indicati a destra (cioè gli atomi delle specie chimiche prodotte).<sup id="cite_ref-Silv636_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silv636-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il bilanciamento di un'equazione chimica avviene in pratica verificando che i valori dei coefficienti stechiometrici siano tali che il numero di atomi di ciascun elemento che compaiono nel primo membro dell'equazione (cioè a sinistra) sia uguale al numero di atomi di ciascun elemento che compaiono nel secondo membro dell'equazione (cioè a destra). Non è possibile cambiare in alcun modo la natura delle specie chimiche partecipanti alla reazione, ad esempio alterando il numero di atomi di un elemento all'interno di una molecola. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Primo_esempio">Primo esempio</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equazione_chimica&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Primo esempio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equazione_chimica&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Primo esempio"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ad esempio nell'equazione chimica: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {NaOH} +\mathrm {HCl} \longrightarrow \mathrm {NaCl} +\mathrm {H_{2}O} \;}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {NaOH} +\mathrm {HCl} \longrightarrow \mathrm {NaCl} +\mathrm {H_{2}O} \;}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/07d7e2212d61cd377df089588118598c59190663" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:31.783ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {NaOH} +\mathrm {HCl} \longrightarrow \mathrm {NaCl} +\mathrm {H_{2}O} \;}"></span></dd></dl> <p>che rappresenta la reazione tra <a href="/wiki/Idrossido_di_sodio" title="Idrossido di sodio">idrossido di sodio</a> ed <a href="/wiki/Acido_cloridrico" title="Acido cloridrico">acido cloridrico</a> per produrre <a href="/wiki/Cloruro_di_sodio" title="Cloruro di sodio">cloruro di sodio</a> si ha esattamente lo stesso numero di atomi dello stesso tipo sia nella parte sinistra che nella parte destra dell'equazione (sebbene siano combinati in maniera diversa). </p><p>In questo caso, essendo questa una reazione tra un <a href="/wiki/Acido" title="Acido">acido</a> (HCl) e una <a href="/wiki/Base_(chimica)" title="Base (chimica)">base</a> (NaOH), la reazione procede verso la neutralizzazione completa, a meno che uno dei reagenti non sia in eccesso rispetto all'altro; quindi in seguito allo svolgersi della reazione chimica la <a href="/wiki/Soluzione_(chimica)" title="Soluzione (chimica)">soluzione</a> rimane acida o basica (a seconda del reagente in eccesso). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Secondo_esempio">Secondo esempio</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equazione_chimica&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Secondo esempio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equazione_chimica&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Secondo esempio"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un altro esempio di equazione chimica in cui non compaiono cariche è il seguente: </p> <dl><dd>KMnO<sub>4</sub> + Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> → K<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> + Ca(MnO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></dd></dl> <p>Tale equazione chimica deve essere bilanciata, come si può constatare da alcune evidenti differenze tra le masse dei reagenti e dei prodotti, ad esempio a sinistra il potassio appare una volta mentre a destra tre. </p><p>Per bilanciare l'equazione è buona norma iniziare con il bilanciare i <a href="/wiki/Metallo" title="Metallo">metalli</a>, in questo caso il potassio e il calcio: </p> <dl><dd>3KMnO<sub>4</sub> + Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> → K<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> + 3Ca(MnO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></dd></dl> <p>Adesso è necessario bilanciare i <a href="/wiki/Non_metallo" title="Non metallo">non metalli</a>, ossia il manganese e il fosforo ma non l'ossigeno (generalmente, a meno che non appaia nella sua forma elementare, l'ossigeno non viene bilanciato per verificare al termine del bilanciamento se la procedura seguita è corretta): </p> <dl><dd>6KMnO<sub>4</sub> + Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> → 2K<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> + 3Ca(MnO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></dd></dl> <p>Bilanciando il fosforo è stato necessario cambiare di nuovo il coefficiente del potassio nel primo composto, permettendo quindi il bilanciamento del manganese. L'ossigeno a sua volta è stato bilanciato. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bilanciamento_delle_cariche">Bilanciamento delle cariche</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equazione_chimica&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Bilanciamento delle cariche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equazione_chimica&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bilanciamento delle cariche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oltre al bilanciamento delle masse, nelle equazioni chimiche deve essere soddisfatto il bilanciamento delle <a href="/wiki/Carica_elettrica" title="Carica elettrica">cariche</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Silv636_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silv636-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Le reazioni chimiche infatti possono avvenire anche tra entità molecolari cariche elettricamente, dette <a href="/wiki/Ione" title="Ione">ioni</a>. </p><p>Un esempio di reazione chimica in cui sono coinvolti ioni è la reazione di <a href="/wiki/Autoionizzazione_dell%27acqua" title="Autoionizzazione dell'acqua">autoionizzazione dell'acqua</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2H_{2}O\leftrightharpoons H_{3}O^{+}+OH^{-}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi>O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">⇋</mo> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mi>O</mi> <msup> <mi>H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2H_{2}O\leftrightharpoons H_{3}O^{+}+OH^{-}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/06d810d66a1da95b85b62310ed2202627d3b7119" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:24.033ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2H_{2}O\leftrightharpoons H_{3}O^{+}+OH^{-}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>In questo caso si ha una carica positiva sulla specie H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> e una carica negativa sulla specie OH<sup>-</sup>, mentre a primo membro compare una specie neutra (H<sub>2</sub>O), avente carica nulla. Considerando i coefficienti stechiometrici, il bilancio delle cariche in questo caso può essere scritto come: </p> <dl><dd>2×(0) = (+1) + (-1)</dd></dl> <p>ovvero: </p> <dl><dd>0 = 0</dd></dl> <p>Per cui si ha l'uguaglianza della somma delle cariche che competono ai reagenti rispetto alla somma delle cariche che competono ai prodotti, come deve essere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equazione_chimica&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equazione_chimica&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFRolla">Rolla</a>, p. 13</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Silv636-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Silv636_2-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Silv636_2-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFSilvestroni">Silvestroni</a>, p. 636</cite>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equazione_chimica&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equazione_chimica&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFRolla" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Luigi Rolla, <span style="font-style:italic;">Chimica e mineralogia. Per le Scuole superiori</span>, 29ª ed., Dante Alighieri, 1987.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equazione_chimica&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equazione_chimica&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reazione_chimica" title="Reazione chimica">Reazione chimica</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equazione_chimica&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equazione_chimica&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/equazione_chimica" class="extiw" title="wikt:equazione chimica">Wikizionario</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/equazione_chimica" class="extiw" title="wikt:equazione chimica">equazione chimica</a></b>»</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equazione_chimica&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equazione_chimica&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/chemical-equation"><span style="font-style:italic;">chemical equation</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182527#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01034.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">IUPAC Gold Book, "chemical reaction equation"</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">goldbook.iupac.org</span>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Nuovo_soggettario" title="Nuovo soggettario">Thesaurus BNCF</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=64001">64001</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85022909">sh85022909</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4177120-5">4177120-5</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Spagna" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Spagna">BNE</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="spagnolo">ES</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5158026">XX5158026</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX5158026">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121441778">cb121441778</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121441778">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007284923405171">987007284923405171</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-applications-science.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chimica"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gnome-applications-science.svg/25px-Gnome-applications-science.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gnome-applications-science.svg/38px-Gnome-applications-science.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gnome-applications-science.svg/50px-Gnome-applications-science.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Chimica" title="Portale:Chimica">Portale Chimica</a></b>: il portale della scienza della composizione, delle proprietà e delle trasformazioni della materia</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Equazione_chimica&oldid=138538115">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Equazione_chimica&oldid=138538115</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Concetti_fondamentali_di_chimica" title="Categoria:Concetti fondamentali di chimica">Concetti fondamentali di chimica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Equazioni_nella_chimica" title="Categoria:Equazioni nella chimica">Equazioni nella chimica</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie nascoste: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P1417_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P1417 letta da Wikidata">P1417 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_Thesaurus_BNCF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice Thesaurus BNCF">Voci con codice Thesaurus BNCF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_LCCN" title="Categoria:Voci con codice LCCN">Voci con codice LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_GND" title="Categoria:Voci con codice GND">Voci con codice GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_BNE" title="Categoria:Voci con codice BNE">Voci con codice BNE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_BNF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice BNF">Voci con codice BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_J9U" title="Categoria:Voci con codice J9U">Voci con codice J9U</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_non_biografiche_con_codici_di_controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Categoria:Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità">Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 28 mar 2024 alle 15:02.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Il testo è disponibile secondo la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it">licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo</a>; 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