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.infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Richard Lee Winger</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1943-08-27</span>) </span>27 August 1943<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 81)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data">UC Berkeley College of Natural Resources<br />University of California, Los Angeles</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Political activist and analyst</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Jarrold Kunz<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Richard Lee Winger</b> (born August 27, 1943) is an American political activist and analyst. He is the publisher and editor emeritus of <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. He sits on the editorial board of the <i><a href="/wiki/Election_Law_Journal" title="Election Law Journal">Election Law Journal</a></i>. Winger publishes analysis, statistics and legal information and supports expanded access to the ballot for <a href="/wiki/Minor_party" title="Minor party">minor parties</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AP_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-insight_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insight-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Winger&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Winger is widely regarded as an expert on <a href="/wiki/Ballot_access" title="Ballot access">ballot access</a> and <a href="/wiki/Election_law" title="Election law">election law</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as on the topic of <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">third-party politics in the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though not an attorney, Winger periodically testifies in court cases and legislative hearings and is a source for both the media and political organizers.<sup id="cite_ref-purple_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-purple-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has been published in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>, <i>Journal of Election Law</i>, the <i>Fordham Urban Law Review</i>, <i>American Review of Politics</i>, <i>California Journal</i> and other publications.<sup id="cite_ref-21st_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21st-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has appeared as a commentator on ballot access on <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>, <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, and <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21st_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21st-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1985 Winger has published <i>Ballot Access News</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a monthly newsletter covering developments in ballot access law and among American minor parties generally.<sup id="cite_ref-AP_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 1, 2023, Winger announced his retirement from <i>Ballot Access News</i>. He continues to write on the website.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Winger&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A lifelong <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">Californian</a>, Richard Winger graduated from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Political_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Political Science">Political Science</a> major in 1966,<sup id="cite_ref-purple_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-purple-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and attended Graduate School in Political Science at <a href="/wiki/UCLA" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA">UCLA</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coalition_on_Free_and_Open_Elections">Coalition on Free and Open Elections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Winger&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Coalition on Free and Open Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1985 Winger co-founded, along with several minor party representatives, the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_on_Free_and_Open_Elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition on Free and Open Elections">Coalition on Free and Open Elections</a> (COFOE).<sup id="cite_ref-insight_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insight-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group attempts to co-ordinate action and provide mutual support among the various minor parties for efforts to liberalize and reform ballot access laws. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Winger&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Winger has been a member of the <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a> for several years.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Winger has made one run for public office, a 1986 campaign for <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_California" title="Secretary of State of California">Secretary of State of California</a> on the Libertarian ballot line. As he was running for the office charged with the administration of elections, the campaign was styled as being nonpartisan, intended to represent the interests of all minor parties. Winger finished fourth among five candidates with 1.5% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Winger&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/sfgate/name/jarrold-kunz-obituary?id=52626895">"Jarrold Kunz Obituary (1933 - 2023) - San Francisco, CA - San Francisco Chronicle"</a>. <i>Legacy.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legacy.com&rft.atitle=Jarrold+Kunz+Obituary+%281933+-+2023%29+-+San+Francisco%2C+CA+-+San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legacy.com%2Fus%2Fobituaries%2Fsfgate%2Fname%2Fjarrold-kunz-obituary%3Fid%3D52626895&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Winger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160308185437/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-79496803.html">"D.C. Mayor Williams and national ballot access problem"</a>. <i>The New York Beacon</i>. August 28, 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-79496803.html">the original</a> on March 8, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Beacon&rft.atitle=D.C.+Mayor+Williams+and+national+ballot+access+problem&rft.date=2002-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1P1-79496803.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Winger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AP_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeBlanc,_Steve2002" class="citation web cs1">LeBlanc, Steve (November 4, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160531235042/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-69285752.html">"Third Parties Hope to Raise Profile"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-69285752.html">the original</a> on May 31, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Third+Parties+Hope+to+Raise+Profile&rft.date=2002-11-04&rft.au=LeBlanc%2C+Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1P1-69285752.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Winger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-insight-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-insight_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-insight_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSileo,_Chi_ChiLeiter,_Lisa1995" class="citation web cs1">Sileo, Chi Chi; Leiter, Lisa (September 11, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200127105610/https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-17290373">"Ballot access on the '96 ticket. (third parties want a chance)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Insight_on_the_News" title="Insight on the News">Insight on the News</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-17290373">the original</a> on January 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Insight+on+the+News&rft.atitle=Ballot+access+on+the+%2796+ticket.+%28third+parties+want+a+chance%29&rft.date=1995-09-11&rft.au=Sileo%2C+Chi+Chi&rft.au=Leiter%2C+Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Fread%2F1G1-17290373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Winger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPersinos1995" class="citation web cs1">Persinos, John F. (September 1, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043706/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-17777462.html">"Third party rising? (potential for a third party in the US)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_%26_Elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaigns & Elections">Campaigns & Elections</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-17777462.html">the original</a> on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Campaigns+%26+Elections&rft.atitle=Third+party+rising%3F+%28potential+for+a+third+party+in+the+US%29&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.aulast=Persinos&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1G1-17777462.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Winger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudin,_Ken2006" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Rudin" title="Ken Rudin">Rudin, Ken</a> (November 1, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6417341">"Who's On Third? Those 'Other' Candidates"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2012</span>. <q>Richard Winger of <i>Ballot Access News</i>, who follows this stuff more thoroughly than anyone else, notes that every state holding partisan statewide races this year has minor-party or independent candidates except for Alabama, New Hampshire, New Mexico and Pennsylvania....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who%27s+On+Third%3F+Those+%27Other%27+Candidates&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2006-11-01&rft.au=Rudin%2C+Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D6417341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Winger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_J._Lowi" title="Theodore J. Lowi">Lowi, Theodore J.</a>; Romance, Joseph (1998) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1bIVGPwmWgYC&pg=PA18"><i>A Republic of Parties?: Debating the Two-Party System</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. 1998. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780847686094" title="Special:BookSources/9780847686094"><bdi>9780847686094</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Republic+of+Parties%3F%3A+Debating+the+Two-Party+System&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780847686094&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1bIVGPwmWgYC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Winger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth,_Robert1999" class="citation book cs1">Roth, Robert (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d_2OtxNzM-AC&pg=PA22"><i>A Reason to Vote</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Macmillan Publishers (United States)">Macmillan</a>. pp. 10, 22–24]. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780312243166" title="Special:BookSources/9780312243166"><bdi>9780312243166</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Reason+to+Vote&rft.pages=10%2C+22-24&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780312243166&rft.au=Roth%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd_2OtxNzM-AC%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Winger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Darcy_Richardson" class="mw-redirect" title="Darcy Richardson">Richardson, Darcy G.</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DBTF6X7WYb0C&pg=PR10"><i>Others: Third Party Politics from the Nation's Founding to the Rise and Fall of the Greenback-Labor Party, Volume 1</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/IUniverse" title="IUniverse">iUniverse</a>. p. x. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780595317233" title="Special:BookSources/9780595317233"><bdi>9780595317233</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Others%3A+Third+Party+Politics+from+the+Nation%27s+Founding+to+the+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Greenback-Labor+Party%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=x&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780595317233&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Darcy+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDBTF6X7WYb0C%26pg%3DPR10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Winger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoyle2005" class="citation book cs1">Doyle, Randall Jordan (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rtXjP7Ng5sYC&pg=PA26"><i>America and Australia: Writings and Observations from the 'Empire' and 'Van Diemen's Land'<span></span></i></a>. University Press of America. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761832720" title="Special:BookSources/9780761832720"><bdi>9780761832720</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America+and+Australia%3A+Writings+and+Observations+from+the+%27Empire%27+and+%27Van+Diemen%27s+Land%27&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780761832720&rft.aulast=Doyle&rft.aufirst=Randall+Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrtXjP7Ng5sYC%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Winger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScher2020" class="citation web cs1">Scher, Bill (April 19, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/04/19/coronavirus-election-2020-third-party-libertarian-green-trump-biden-193013">"Will the Pandemic Keep Third Parties Off the 2020 Ballot?"</a>. <i>Politico</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Will+the+Pandemic+Keep+Third+Parties+Off+the+2020+Ballot%3F&rft.date=2020-04-19&rft.aulast=Scher&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2Fmagazine%2F2020%2F04%2F19%2Fcoronavirus-election-2020-third-party-libertarian-green-trump-biden-193013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Winger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-purple-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-purple_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-purple_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord2008" class="citation book cs1">Ford, Marcia (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wepurplefaithpol0000ford"><i>We the Purple: Faith, Politics, and the Independent Voter</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Tyndale_House" title="Tyndale House">Tyndale House Publishers, Inc.</a> pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wepurplefaithpol0000ford/page/30">30</a>–31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781414317175" title="Special:BookSources/9781414317175"><bdi>9781414317175</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2013</span>. <q>Richard Winger.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=We+the+Purple%3A+Faith%2C+Politics%2C+and+the+Independent+Voter&rft.pages=30-31&rft.pub=Tyndale+House+Publishers%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781414317175&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Marcia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwepurplefaithpol0000ford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Winger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infozine.com/news/stories/op/storiesView/sid/2792/">"Ballot Access: Restriction on Democracy?"</a>. <i>Kansas City infoZine</i>. July 20, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kansas+City+infoZine&rft.atitle=Ballot+Access%3A+Restriction+on+Democracy%3F&rft.date=2004-07-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infozine.com%2Fnews%2Fstories%2Fop%2FstoriesView%2Fsid%2F2792%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Winger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307145424/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-933335431.html">"Libertarians sue for ballot access"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Independent_Weekly" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Weekly">Independent Weekly</a></i>. October 5, 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-933335431.html">the original</a> on March 7, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Independent+Weekly&rft.atitle=Libertarians+sue+for+ballot+access&rft.date=2005-10-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1P3-933335431.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Winger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood,_Daniel_B.2010" class="citation web cs1">Wood, Daniel B. (September 7, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Elections/2010/0907/Californians-debate-debates-Who-gets-to-participate/(page)/2">"Californians debate debates: Who gets to participate?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_Monitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Science Monitor">Christian Science Monitor</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Californians+debate+debates%3A+Who+gets+to+participate%3F&rft.date=2010-09-07&rft.au=Wood%2C+Daniel+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FUSA%2FElections%2F2010%2F0907%2FCalifornians-debate-debates-Who-gets-to-participate%2F%28page%29%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Winger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21st-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-21st_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-21st_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMattsonHayduk2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Mattson" title="Kevin Mattson">Mattson, Kevin</a>; Hayduk, Kevin (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hIMWygp4rxIC&pg=PA271"><i>Democracy's moment: reforming the American political system for the 21st century</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. p. 271. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780742517509" title="Special:BookSources/9780742517509"><bdi>9780742517509</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracy%27s+moment%3A+reforming+the+American+political+system+for+the+21st+century&rft.pages=271&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780742517509&rft.aulast=Mattson&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.au=Hayduk%2C+Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhIMWygp4rxIC%26pg%3DPA271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Winger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCain,_Andrew2012" class="citation web cs1">Cain, Andrew (January 1, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.wsls.com/news/2012/jan/01/tdmain01-how-did-virginias-ballot-access-get-so-st-ar-1579659/">"How did Virginia's ballot access get so strict?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Times-Dispatch" title="Richmond Times-Dispatch">Richmond Times-Dispatch</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/WSLS-TV" title="WSLS-TV">WSLS-TV</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Richmond+Times-Dispatch&rft.atitle=How+did+Virginia%27s+ballot+access+get+so+strict%3F&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.au=Cain%2C+Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.wsls.com%2Fnews%2F2012%2Fjan%2F01%2Ftdmain01-how-did-virginias-ballot-access-get-so-st-ar-1579659%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Winger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/2010/05/04/dump-the-petitions-lower-the-bar/">"Dump the petitions, lower the bar"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>. May 4, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Dump+the+petitions%2C+lower+the+bar&rft.date=2010-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F2010%2F05%2F04%2Fdump-the-petitions-lower-the-bar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Winger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFairbank,_Katie1996" class="citation web cs1">Fairbank, Katie (October 25, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wmNbAAAAIBAJ&pg=5811,6608183&dq=richard-winger&hl=en">"A vote for 3rd party movement"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Madison_Courier" class="mw-redirect" title="The Madison Courier">The Madison Courier</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Madison+Courier&rft.atitle=A+vote+for+3rd+party+movement&rft.date=1996-10-25&rft.au=Fairbank%2C+Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DwmNbAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5811%2C6608183%26dq%3Drichard-winger%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Winger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ballot-access.org/2023/06/01/personnel-change-for-ballot-access-news/">"Personnel Change for Ballot Access News | Ballot Access News"</a>. 2023-06-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Personnel+Change+for+Ballot+Access+News+%7C+Ballot+Access+News&rft.date=2023-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fballot-access.org%2F2023%2F06%2F01%2Fpersonnel-change-for-ballot-access-news%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Winger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevin2010" class="citation news cs1">Levin, Ross (May 11, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independentpoliticalreport.com/2010/05/listen-to-richard-winger-debate-abel-moldonado-debate-prop-14/comment-page-1/">"Listen to Richard Winger and Abel Moldonado debate Prop 14"</a>. <i>Independent Political Report</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Independent+Political+Report&rft.atitle=Listen+to+Richard+Winger+and+Abel+Moldonado+debate+Prop+14&rft.date=2010-05-11&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Ross&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independentpoliticalreport.com%2F2010%2F05%2Flisten-to-richard-winger-debate-abel-moldonado-debate-prop-14%2Fcomment-page-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Winger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joincalifornia.com/election/1986-11-04">Join California:Election History for the State of California/Elections 1986-11- - 1995</a>, www.JoinCalifornia.com.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Winger&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org"><i>Ballot Access News</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cofoe.org">COFOE</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?42794">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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